TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Materials: (I) for the walls of the fibers comprises glass, glass-ceramics, silicon oxide SiOx, perovskite, ceramics, aluminum oxides and zirconium oxides, silicon carbide, boron nitride and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: (I) Comprises group Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and/or VIIIb metals, as pure metal or alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: (I) Comprises poly(p-xylylene), polyacrylamide, polyimides, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyethers, polyphenylene, polysiloxanes, polysiloxanes, polybenzimidazoles, polybenzothiazoles, polyoxazoles, polysulfides, polyester-amides, polyarylene-vinylenes, polylactides, polyether-ketones, polyurethanes, polysulfones, ormocers, polyacrylates, silicones, completely aromatic copolyesters, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly(meth)acrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, neoprene, Buna N, polybutadiene, polytetrafluoroethene, cellulose (modified or unmodified), alginates, collagen and homo- or copolymers and/or blends of these. In the production of the fibers, (I) may be obtained by polymerization, polycondensation or polyaddition of monomer(s), preferably methacrylate, styrenesulfonate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 4,4'-methylene-biscyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), 4,4'-methylene-bis(benzyl diisocyanate) (MDI), butan-1,4-diol, ethylene diamine, ethylene styrene, butadiene, but-1-ene, but-2-ene, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, fluorinated ethylenes and/or terephthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Fibers: The oriented hollow fibers have an orientation parameter fp of 0.2-1, preferably 0.5-1; and an inside diameter of 10 nm to 1 microm. The outside wall of the fibers preferably has several layers. The fleece has a dielectric constant less than 4.Preferred method: The fleece is made by (a) electrostatic spinning of fibers onto a frame, preferably rectangular frame, of conductive material in the space between spinnerets and counterelectrode; (b) electrostatic spinning and preferential orientation in one direction by drawing; (c) electrostatic spinning onto a conductive rotary drum as counterelectrode; or (d) electrostatic spinning using a high-voltage alternating field. The high-voltage alternating field can be produced (1) mechanically, especially by a rotating hook electrode, rotating double hook electrode or 2 synchronized rotating bar electrode, or (2) electrically, preferably with 2 counterelectrodes, especially with a low potential difference produced by alternate disconnection of the earth, with one at 0 V by alternate earthing and disconnection or alternate earthing. Decomposition of (II) is carried out thermally, chemically, biologically, induced with radiation, photochemically, by a plasma, ultrasound or microwaves or by extraction with a solvent. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Specific examples of the inorganic wall materials (I) are silicon carbide, boron nitride and carbon.    EXAMPLE - A template fleece of preferentially oriented polylactide fibers was produced by spinning 1 ml/minute 6.3% solution of poly-L-lactide in dichloromethane onto a rectangular aluminum frame (25 cm long, 6.5 cm wide) between the spinneret (+12 kV) and counterelectrode (-35 kV) of electrostatic spinning equipment, with the spinneret (diameter 0.3 mm) 10 cm from the frame. The template fleece was given a 100 nm gold coating by vapor deposition. Then 700 mg analytically pure (2.2)paracyclophan was vaporized in gas deposition apparatus at 180degreesC/0.1 mbar and pyrolyzed at 580degreesC to deposit a poly(p-xylylene) coating at about 20degreesC. Then the poly-L-lactide was removed by pyrolysis at 365degreesC/0.01 mbar, giving poly(p-xylylene)/gold composite hollow fibers with an inside diameter of about 1.2-0.5 microm. The orientation parameter fp was 0.74, with a standard deviation of 24.4degrees.