NOVELTY - A substrate for a solar cell, comprises a support consisting of metal surface provided with zinc oxide film. The zinc oxide film has water content of 7.5 x 10 to the power -3 mol/cm cubed or less.    USE - For solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has enlarged surface area and is industrially produced. The zinc oxide film is slightly rich in oxygen when compared to zinc, hence is chemically stable in reduction atmospheric conditions during production of solar cells on substrates, and enables to form solar cells having favorable optical properties. Uniform zinc oxide film is efficiently formed on metal surface with scarce abnormal growth, by controlling electric conductivity of zinc oxide film forming solution to 10 mS/cm at 60 degreesC. The substrate prevents increase in series resistance and generation of shunt when used for solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar cell comprising substrate; and    (2) Process for producing solar cell.
NOVELTY - A catalyst bed is heated for start-up by providing an electrical heating element along one face of the catalyst bed, passing a small flow of reactants through the heating element and the catalyst bed, and heating the element to initiate an exothermic reaction at the face of the catalyst bed. The heat of reaction propagates throughout the catalyst bed, heating the catalyst bed for start-up.    USE - For heating catalyst bed for start-up used in converting hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen rich gas stream for use with a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides fast and efficient start-up, and assistance to the reactor in maintaining reaction temperature during transient operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a reactor module for use in a compact fuel processor comprising a catalyst bed (410), a cooling coil, and electrical heating element (400).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows weaving of a monolithic catalyst bed with an electrical heating element.    Electrical heating element (400)    Catalyst bed (410)
NOVELTY - Material (A) with magnetic resonance properties comprises a matrix (2), especially of polymer, in which a carrier is incorporated and data about the material are collected with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machine (5). The carrier includes at least one active compound (Z) and a contrast agent (X), so as to form a carrier-(X)-(Z) adduct (3), and the distribution of (3), and therefore (Z), within (2) can be measured with (5).    USE - (A) Are used to make medical/surgical devices, e.g. dialysis/surgical tubing or plasters, designed to release e.g. antithrombotic or antibiotic agents, which can be located or positioned exactly by NMR, e.g. in the brain or spinal cord and to prepare membranes, especially where (X) is a proton source (specifically phosphoric acid) for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Polymer-based (A) can be tested (for quality control) non-destructively using an NMR-MOUSE (mobile universal surface exposure probe).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for preparation of (A).
NOVELTY - Production of monolithic solar cells involves coupling amorphous silicon thin film semiconductor (AST) to copper indium polycrystalline semiconductor, by sequentially depositing copper indium polycrystalline semiconductor, n-type conductor and AST on vitreous or metal substrate. AST comprises one or more of p-i-n or n-i-p amorphous silicon containing thin film semiconductor.    USE - For producing monolithic solar cells such as photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells have improved conversion efficiency, fill factor, short circuit current density and open circuit voltage. The solar cells are economical, attractive and effective. The copper indium polycrystalline semiconductor combines with amorphous silicon thin film semiconductor in a monolithic manner such that resultant photovoltaic device has high open circuit voltage and high short circuit current density. The solar cells can be produced by an efficient, effective, reliable and economic method.
NOVELTY - An insulating coating having a film thickness of 2-20 micrometers is formed on the surface of a metal substrate.    USE - The method produces the insulated substrate used for a thin film polycrystal silicon solar battery having high power generation efficiency.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silicone-based coating material provides the insulating film with enhanced heat stability. The result evolves no defects, including blistering. Less heat deterioration is observed even at high-temperature heating in forming a thin film polycrystal silicon solar battery cell. No heat crack is observed, exhibiting superior insulation. The insulated substrate has superior heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The insulating film is formed by blending a silicone-based resin using a Si-O bond of formula as a principal chain skeleton with a glass frit powder, 5-40 percent by mass, serving as a heat-resistant pigment.    R1, R2 = alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl;    R3, R4 = phenyl;    m = less than n.
NOVELTY - New photo-electric transducer comprises: (1) a semiconductor oxide electrode-(A) comprising of a substrate with a conductive surface and an organic dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor oxide; (2) a conductive layer-(B); and (3) a counter electrode-(C).    USE - For dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The organic dye is adsorbed on a higher density on the surface of the semiconductor oxide, providing a solar cell with a higher open circuit voltage, a higher short circuit current, and a higher photo-electric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New photo-electric transducer comprises:    (1) an semiconductor oxide electrode-(A) comprising of a substrate with a conductive surface and an organic dye adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor oxide;    (2) a conductive layer-(B); and    (3) a counter electrode-(C).    The semiconductor oxide is made of a double oxide of tin oxide and zinc oxide. The organic dye is an ammonium salt having a 9-phenylxanthene structure substituted with acid groups
NOVELTY - A heater exchanger (4) for heating the raw material gas supplied from the cylinder (5), and a gas modifier (3) are sequentially installed in the fuel supply route (10) to the engine (2). The exhaust route (40) of engine is connected to gas modifier for heating and to mix a portion of exhaust gas with raw material gas. An exhaust branch route (41) is connected to fuel supply route at upstream side of gas modifier.    USE - Natural gas reformation engine system.    ADVANTAGE - The system eliminates carbon dioxide separation apparatus and exhaust gas recirculation path connected to the engine by supplying a portion of exhaust gas to mix with raw material gas at upstream side of gas modifier. Reduces running and maintenance expenses. The flow rate of gas flowing in the engine or exhaust gas is reduced. Thermal efficiency of engine is increased from about 40% to 60-65% by eliminating the energy required for carbon dioxide separation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for natural gas reformation engine system operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above natural gas modification engine system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Engine (2)    Gas modifier (3)    Heat exchanger (4)    Cylinder (5)    Fuel supply route (10)    Exhaust route (40)    Exhaust branch route (41)
NOVELTY - The organic solar battery comprises a transparent electrode (3), a coal carrying layer (4), a mixed layer (5), an electric charge formation layer(6), a mixed layer (7), an electron carrying layer (8) and a metal electrode (9), sequentially laminated on a transparent substrate.    USE - For power supplies, such as home power supply, wrist watches and minicomputers.    ADVANTAGE - The organic solar battery has improved conversion efficiency and improved heat resistance. The organic solar battery comprises a positive-hole transportation layer comprising tri phenylene derivative which does not diffuse excitation. The excitation, generated in the electric charge formation layer does not recombine with an impurity potential of transparent electrode. Charge separation from excitation, generated when phthalocyanine derivative absorbed sunlight is effectively performed. The trap of electric charge in the boundary surface of organic compound interlayer is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic solar battery comprises a transparent electrode (3), a coal carrying layer (4) comprising a tri phenylene derivative, a mixed layer (5) of tri phenylene derivative and tri copper phthalocyanine, an electric charge formation layer(6) comprising copper phthalocyanine, a mixed layer (7) comprising copper phthalocynaine and hexa aza tri phenylene derivative, an electron carrying layer (8) comprising hexa aza tri phenylene derivative and a metal electrode (9), sequentially laminated on a transparent substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional view of a organic solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent electrode (3)    Coal carrying layer (4)    Mixed layers (5,7)    Electric-Charge formation layer (6)    Electron carrying layer (8)    Metal electrode (9)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic layer has several optical absorbers like pigments which have absorption wavelength range differing from the wavelength range of a solar light, arranged between two transparent insulated substrates among several layer.    USE - Pigment sensitizing type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation is carried out from the light of a wide wavelength range. Photoconversion efficiency is improved. The solar battery of high-efficiency is produced at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the concept structural view of the pigment sensitizing type solar battery.
NOVELTY - Optoelectric transducer has an electron carrying layer (2), an electric charge separated layer (3), and conductive layer (4) between a pair of transparent electrodes (1a,1b). The electric charge separated layer is formed by spraying an optical sensitizing dye on electron carrying layer surface, by inkjet method.    USE - For manufacturing optoelectric transducer used for solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer transforms light of wide wavelength region into electrical energy easily. The solar battery has excellent design property. The pigment present in electric charge separated layer absorbs wavelength of various ranges.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) optoelectric transducer; and    (2) solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows optoelectric transducer.    electrodes (1a,1b)    electron carrying layer (2)    electric charge separated layer (3)    conductive layer (4)
NOVELTY - The production system of electrical energy and water has a hydrogen storage unit (2), an electrical energy generator (3) and a water tank (6). Electrical energy is generated in the electrical energy generator by stored hydrogen gas and water formed in the electrical generator is collected by the water tank.    USE - For producing electrical energy and water.    ADVANTAGE - The production system produces electrical energy and water, by inexpensive method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of green house which equipped with production system of electrical energy and water.    Hydrogen storage unit (2)    Electrical energy generator (3)    Water tank (6)
NOVELTY - A storage container (3) storing hydrogen occlusion material for retaining hydrogen gas, supplies hydrogen gas to an electric power generator (4), when termination of electric power supply is detected by a detector (5). On restart of electric supply, the hydrogen gas supply is terminated by a controller (6), and finally water generated during power generation is collected by a catchment tank (7).    USE - For generating electricity and water at the time of emergency such as earthquake, attack of large-sized typhoon, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables generating electricity and water reliably at the time of emergency or calamity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block flow diagram of electricity and water generating system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Storage container (3)    Electric power generator (4)    Detector (5)    Controller (6)    Catchment tank (7)
NOVELTY - The porous layers (2,3 and 6-8) are formed respectively on top of a Si substrate (1) and a Ge substrate (5). A bond is formed between Si and Ge substrates by bringing the porous layers in contact with each other. The Ge substrate is lifted off by performing thermal annealing process such that a layer of Ge is formed on Si substrate.    USE - For forming a germanium (Ge) layer, on silicon (Si) substrate during manufacture of opto-electronic devices e.g. solar cells, light emitting diodes.    ADVANTAGE - A stable bond is formed between the silicon substrate and germanium layer, without patterning of the substrate or application of intermediate layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principle method for forming Ge layer on Si substrate.    Si substrate (1)    Porous layers (2,3,6-8)    Ge substrate (5)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises a proton-conducting membrane (4) arranged between an anode chamber (2) and a cathode chamber (3). The anode chamber is made from a hybrid-forming and/or a hydrogen inserted material. The cathode chamber is made from an easily oxidizing material.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good cold start properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a fuel cell comprising introducing hydrogen to the anode chamber and an oxidant to the cathode chamber to produce a current, and simultaneously electrochemically charging.    Preferred Features: The hybrid-forming and/or a hydrogen inserted material is a metal or metal compound, especially a transition metal compound such as Co-doped LaNi5. The easily oxidizing material is a metal hydroxide such as Ni(OH)2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell.    anode chamber (2)    cathode chamber (3)    proton-conducting membrane (4)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) has a least one reformer unit (2), coupled to a water container (5), a fuel container (6) and an air feed (7), for generation of a hydrogen containing gas, fed to the fuel cell (4) via at least one intermediate store (3). At least one control element monitors the operation of the reformer unit, the filling level of the intermediate store and the gas feed to the fuel cell.    USE - The fuel cell system can be used for powering an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The differing gas requirements of the fuel cell are matched by use of the intermediate store.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM for a control method for dynamic operation of a fuel cell system is also included.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (1)    Reformer unit (2)    Intermediate store (3)    Fuel cell (4)    Water container (5)    Fuel container (6)    Air feed (7)
NOVELTY - The method involves forming a porous layer to provide bond between two semiconductor substrates, annealing then lifting off the second substrate to leave the required layer.    USE - To form bond between a semiconductor substrate and a thin semiconductor layer for the manufacture of e.g. multijunction monolithic cascade solar cells or LEDs.    ADVANTAGE - The method avoids the formation of intermediate layers, patterning of the substrate or epitaxy of a graded layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises    (a) providing a first semiconductor substrate (1),    (b) providing a second semiconductor substrate (8),    (c) producing a porous layer (6,7,8) on top of the second substrate, the layer having a porosity profile,    (d) contacting the porous layer with the first substrate so as to form a bond between the two substrates,    (e) annealing, and    (f) lifting off the second substrate, leaving a layer of the second substrate's semiconductor material attached to the first substrate.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an opto-electronic device produced using the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the principle of the method.    Substrates (1,5)    Porous layers (2,3,6,7,8)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system is stopped by stopping the supply of fuel and water to a reformer to raise the catalyst layer temperature of the reformer, and stopping the supply of air to the reformer after the catalyst layer temperature has risen. The supply of fuel and water is stopped by performing a partial oxidation reaction with the remaining fuel and air in the reformer.    USE - For stopping a fuel reforming system for a fuel cell used in automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The invention permits the startup time of the reforming system to be shortened without making the system complex or too large. It can maintain the catalyst layer temperature high until the system restarts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel reforming system comprising a reformer which generates hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell, a first supply mechanism which supplies fuel and water to the reformer, a second supply mechanism which supplies air to the reformer, and a controller.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a fuel reforming system.
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to a ferric electrode and its alkaline cell. The ferrite is used as active material of positive electrode, and features high capacitance, high utilization rate, stable and smooth discharge and no pollution etc.
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, less than 20 vol.% olefin, less than 42 vol.% aromatic content and less than 20 ppm sulfur. The hydrocarbon has a final boiling point of less than 215 degrees C.    USE - As fuel for fuel cell powered vehicle (claimed) and internal combustion engines.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon fuel composition can be used both for fuel cell powered apparatus and internal combustion engines, thus avoiding the problems of by-products (e.g., coke) which damage the components of the fuel cell apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the fueling of a fuel cell apparatus and an internal combustion engine comprising:    (1) providing the fuel composition;    (2) providing a fuel cell apparatus comprising a conversion unit and a fuel cell unit;    (3) introducing the fuel composition into the conversion unit and a fuel cell unit;    (4) introducing the fuel composition into the conversion unit;    (5) operating the conversion unit under predetermined conditions to convert at least some of the fuel composition into a product stream comprising hydrogen; and    (6) optionally, introducing the hydrogen produced in the conversion unit into the fuel cell unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the invention.    Second conduits (18, 20)    Sulfur trap (24)
NOVELTY - A floating mode process for a zinc/bromine battery stack involves charging the battery stack to a desired voltage, by circulating an electrolyte from reservoir to battery stack via electrolyte pumps, turning off the pumps to stop the electrolyte flow and shunt currents associated with electrolyte flow, and maintaining battery stack by applying a current less than 8 mA/square cm to zinc/bromine battery stack.    USE - For maintaining batteries in steady state of charge when the zinc/bromine battery is in a standby mode.    ADVANTAGE - Dendritic growth in the zinc-bromine battery is precluded when the battery is in a standby/floating mode. The battery maintains a steady state charge during the standby/floating mode, as compared to when the electrolyte is flowing, so that the battery can deliver from the battery stack same amount of power to a source during the standby/floating mode, as can be delivered from the battery when the electrolyte is circulated by the pumps. The power delivered from battery stack is sustained until after the pumps are turned on and after fresh bromine from the electrolyte can be circulated into and through the battery stack. The amount of bromine diffusion into the separator and expansion caused by hydrogen bubbles are minimized. Since the electrolyte and the reservoir are not subjected to the heat caused by bromine diffusion in the cell stacks, temperature of electrolyte in the reservoir is cooler than that in the cell stacks.
NOVELTY - A silicon wafer is manufactured by flattening fine roughness existing on a side face (9) of a silicon block or a silicon stack.    USE - The silicon wafer is useful for manufacturing e.g. a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides a polishing technique for flattening fine roughness existing on the side face of the silicon block or stack in a short period, so that the silicon wafer is prevented from cracking and is improved in yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view illustrating a method of manufacturing a silicon wafer.    Mixture (8)    Side face (9)    Polishing member (13)    Abrasive grains (14)    Medium (15)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module has a pair of protective structures (2,3) between which a solar cell (1) is fixed through an adhesive material. A metallic foil-like frame (18) having a U-shaped cross-section is fixed to the peripheral portion of the module, through an adhesive sealant.    USE - Solar cell module e.g. thin film solar cell module mounted on roofs, mounting stands, etc.    ADVANTAGE - By fixing a metallic frame having U-shaped cross-section to periphery of solar cell module through an adhesive sealant, entry of moisture into the solar cell module is prevented. The module is used stably for a long time without generating corrosive acetic acid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of solar cell module.    Solar cell (1)    Protective structures (2,3)    Metallic foil-like frame (18)
NOVELTY - The electrode (3) formed on a semiconductor substrate has two portions with different thickness.    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the amount of contractions of electrode changes with the thickness of each portion, the amount of curvature of the semiconductor substrate is also changed. Therefore the state of curvature of the substrate is determined uniquely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrode manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of solar cell and sectional view of electrode with different thickness.    Electrode (3)
NOVELTY - A buffer layer (3), a base layer (7), a emitter layer (9), a window layer (11) and contact layer (13) are formed on a substrate (1). A surface electrode (15) is formed on the contact layer and a n+ transformation layer (21) is formed between the substrate and buffer layer. The reverse side of the substrate is etched selectively to form an opening and an electrode (19) formed on the reverse side of the substrate, is connected with the buffer layer.    USE - For manufacturing solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the influence of the n+ transformation layer is eliminated, energy conversion efficiency of solar cell is improved, without impairing the light receiving area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Buffer layer (3)    Base layer (7)    Emitter layer (9)    Window layer (11)    Contact layer (13)    Surface electrode (15)    n+ transformation layer (21)
NOVELTY - The substrate (1) is provided with electrodes (3,4) on both sides which is made of inorganic compound containing Ti, Co or Zn or combination of these elements. The inorganic compound has 0.1-5 weight parts of silver.    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Secures stable ohmic contact and high tensile strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates solar battery formation method.    Substrate (1)    Electrodes (3,4)
NOVELTY - A back electrode (3) on semiconductor substrate (1) is formed in the shape of lattice. The width of the lattice changes with respect to its position on the electrode.    USE - Electrode on semiconductor substrate used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The state of curvature of semiconductor substrate is uniquely determined by making the sum of vertical width and lateral width of lattice to be wider.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view and sectional top view of solar cell.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Back electrode (3)
NOVELTY - The cell has a semiconductor layer in between a pair of transparent conductive layers. The ratio of the oxygen amount with respect to zinc amount in the zinc oxide is larger in the intermediate layer than in the transparent conductive layers.    USE - Photovoltaic cell is used as the solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Serves for a long period of time even in high temperature and humid conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the typical sectional view of the photovoltaic cell.
NOVELTY - A transparent adhesive layer (4) is laminated on a transparent resin sheet (3). The optical line transmittance and visible light reflecting rate of the transparent resin sheet are 90% or more and 60% or less respectively.    USE - Protection sheet for solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Improves energy conversion efficiency. Due to the provision of protection sheet, the intensity of light that reaches a solar cell is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the protection sheet and solar cell module.    Transparent resin sheet (3)    Transparent adhesive layer (4)
NOVELTY - The amorphous silicon (102) containing hydrogen is formed on an electroconductive substrate (101), and crystallized under the atmosphere of hydrogen, by laser irradiation.    USE - For photovoltaic cell (claimed) such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion characteristic and environment resistance, and reduces defect density, by crystallizing the amorphous silicon under the atmosphere of hydrogen and thus improves the electric conductivity of the photovoltaic cell economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photovoltaic cell.    Substrate (101)    Amorphous silicon (102)
NOVELTY - Fuel reformation involves contacting a raw material gas with a catalyst (13) whose load of active ingredient accelerating oxidation of hydrocarbon in raw material gas and active ingredient accelerating steam reforming activity of hydrocarbon are adjusted. Heating value of oxidation and heat absorption amount of water vapor reformation are balanced. The whole catalyst is maintained at desired temperature.    USE - For producing liquefied natural gas (LNG), kerosene and hydrogen as raw material for fuel cells, for domestic fuel battery system, fuel system for motor vehicles, etc.    ADVANTAGE - A gas containing mainly hydrogen, is produced from oxygen or air, hydrocarbon and water vapor by fuel reformation method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel reformation involves contacting a raw material gas containing oxygen or air, hydrocarbon and water vapor with a catalyst which has active ingredient accelerating oxidation and water vapor reformation of hydrocarbon in raw material gas simultaneously, and producing hydrogen without supplying heat from outside. The catalyst has a porous carrier consisting of oxide containing aluminum, and supporting noble metal(s) chosen from palladium, platinum, ruthenium and rhodium and/or nickel, cobalt, iron, silver, copper, chromium and/or rare earth element. The load of active ingredient which accelerates oxidation of hydrocarbon, and active ingredient which accelerates steam reforming activity of hydrocarbon, is adjusted. The heating value of oxidation of hydrocarbon and heat absorption amount of water vapor reformation reaction are balanced. The catalyst is maintained at desired temperature during fuel reformation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional drawing of test device for determining reformation of hydrocarbon. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst (13)
NOVELTY - At least one silicon compound and borane-sulfide complex are thermally decomposed in presence of inactive organic medium vapor.    USE - For forming silicon film doped with boron used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The yield and velocity of silicon film doped with boron are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The silicon compound is SixHy, where x = 3-12 and y = 2x-2 to 2x+2, or SinHn, where n = 6-12.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows apparatus used for forming silicon film doped with boron. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The battery (1) has anode (20), cathode (10) and an electrolyte (31). The anode is oxide semiconductor electrode (22) which comprises oxide semiconductor electrode material (27). At least one portion of material (27) is coated with oxide of aluminum, magnesium, nickel, chrome, manganese, copper, germanium, gallium and/or zirconium.    USE - As pigment sensitizing-type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has improved energy conversion efficiency. The reaction of electrolyte with oxide semiconductor electrode material is prevented. Reduction in open discharge pressure is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxide semiconductor electrode material is coated with oxide of tin, zinc and/or antimony.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of pigment sensitizing-type solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of pigment sensitizing-type solar battery.    Battery (1)    Cathode (10)    Anode (20)    Oxide semiconductor electrode (22)    Oxide semiconductor electrode material (27)    Electrolyte (31)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer comprises a reformer containing a catalyst, having a gas intermittent insertion portion. At the time of warming-up the reformer, the gas for temperature rise which is utilized for exothermic reaction of in vitro reformation, is supplied through the insertion portion based on an intermittent insertion pattern having peak periods and non-peak periods.    USE - To produce hydrogen-rich heating gas from reformation raw material containing hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE - Local over-heating during warming-up of reformer is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for warming-up control of the reformer.
NOVELTY - The ceramic film type reactor consists of oxygen permeable ceramic film of thickness 0.5-1.5 mm comprising perovskite oxide, supplied with air on one side and provided with hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst on other. The film is contacted with light hydrocarbon gas and partial oxidation of the gas is carried out by oxygen which selectively permeates the film.    USE - For carrying out deoxygenation and methane oxidation from air in a single unit.    ADVANTAGE - High concentration hydrogen gas is produced using light hydrocarbon gas and air as raw materials, efficiently and cheaply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ceramic film type reactor consists of oxygen permeable ceramic film of thickness 0.5-1.5 mm comprising perovskite oxide, supplied with air on one side and provided with hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst on other. The film is contacted with light hydrocarbon gas and partial oxidation of the gas is carried out by oxygen which selectively permeates the film. The film comprises BaxSr1-xCoyFe1-y)3-8, where x = 0.3-0.7 and y = 0.6-1.0. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for low-pressure hydrogen manufacturing method using the carbon monoxide transformation reaction apparatus provided with ceramic film type reactor, into which feed added with water vapor is passed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the oxygen permeable methane oxidation reaction experiment using a ceramic film.
NOVELTY - The fuel for fuel cell system contains hydrocarbon oil (5 volume% or more) and 0.5-20 mass% of oxygen containing compounds by oxygen element conversion. The distillation initial boiling temperature of the hydrocarbon compound in the distillation curve is 100-190degreesC, 10 vol% distillation temperature(DT) is 120-210degreesC, 95 vol% DT is 220-300degreesC, and distillation end point temperature is 230-320degreesC.    USE - For fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel has favorable handleability and storage stability. The fuel generates large amount of electricity with respect to carbon dioxide generation without performance degradation. The fuel is consumed effectively. Emission of evaporation gas is less, degradation of fuel cell system is small and initial stage property of the cell continues for a longer time period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of the steam reforming type fuel cell system used for evaluation of fuel for fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode (3), the hole conduction layer (4) made of triphenylene derivative, an electric charge formation layer (5) made of a phthalocyanine derivative, an electron conduction layer (6) made of perylene derivative, electron conduction layer (7) made of hexa azatriphenylene derivative and a metal electrode (8), are sequentially laminated on a glass substrate (2).    USE - For power supplies in home, wrist watch and a mini computer.    ADVANTAGE - Recombination of electrons and holes is prevented and conversion efficiency is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the organic solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (2)    Transparent electrode (3)    Hole conduction layer (4)    Electric charge formation layer (5)    Electron conduction layers (6,7)    Metal electrode (8)
NOVELTY - An organic semiconductor layer (1) provided between two metal electrodes (2,3), consists of semiconductor materials in crystalline and amorphous state, phthalocyanine pigment and perylene pigment.    USE - Organic semiconductor thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion efficiency is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Organic semiconductor layer (1)
NOVELTY - Gas generating system comprises an evaporator (2) for evaporating at least one component to be fed to a reformer (1). A normalizing stage (3) for evening out the temperature distribution in the gas stream is arranged between the evaporator and the reformer.    USE - Used for producing a gas stream containing a hydrocarbon or alcohol and water vapor to be fed to a reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The service life of reformer catalysts are extended.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for preparing a gas stream to be fed to a reformer using the above system. Preferred Features: The normalizing stage is connected behind the last vaporizing stage. The normalizing stage is an adiabatic stage. A temperature sensor (7) is arranged in the inlet or outlet of the adiabatic stage to control air and/or fuel amounts fed to the stage. The normalizing stage may also be a heat exchanger or a catalytically heated reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the gas generating system.    Reformer (1)    Evaporator (2)    Normalizing stage (3)    Temperature sensor (7)
NOVELTY - Process for detecting a leak in a fuel cell comprises treating the anode gas chamber of the cell with a first test gas containing 0.1-20 vol.% hydrogen and the cathode gas chamber with a second test gas containing 0.1-30 vol.% oxygen; measuring the cell voltage; and monitoring the change with time in the cell voltage.    USE - Used for detecting a leak in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell can be safely tested.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The fuel cell is continuously rinsed with the test gases during the measurement of the cell voltage. During the measurement of the cell voltage, one of the gas chambers is treated with a higher gas pressure than the other chamber.
NOVELTY - A film electrode comprises a semiconductor sensitized by a colorant (I).    USE - Used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode has high photo-electric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A film electrode comprises a semiconductor sensitized by a colorant of formula (I).    Z = optionally substituted hetero ring;    L = electron attracting groups;    R1-R3 = H or a substituent;    two of R1-R3 = can form a ring;    M = H or a cation forming a salt; and    n = 0-3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) electrodes sensitized by a colorant selected from (2), (3), (4), (5) , (6), and (7);    (2) a photo-electric conversion element; and    (3) a solar battery using (2).    R1-R8 = as for R1-R3;    Y1, R9-R12 = H or 1-6C alkyl;    Y2 = hetero atom; and    Z1 = as for Z.
NOVELTY - An aluminum layer (2) and a p-type crystalline semiconductor particle (6) are joined by an alloy (3). A p-type region with high impurity concentration is formed in an interfacial portion between the aluminum layer and a side of the p-type crystalline semiconductor layer.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Aluminum and semiconductor particles are securely joined, thereby improving reliability of joining condition between substrate and semiconductor particles, and thus high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method of manufacturing photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the photoelectric conversion device.    Aluminum layer (2)    Alloy (3)    Semiconductor particle (6)
NOVELTY - The methanol modification catalyst consists of globular-like alloy particle containing platinum and ruthenium. 50 weight% or more of the alloy particle has grain size of 4-20 nm.    USE - For fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Methanol modification ability of the catalyst is improved. The electricity generation efficiency of fuel cell is improved by using the methanol modification catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A catalyst consists of a carrier and rutile type titania powder and noble metals supported by rutile type titania, which are bonded by a binding material. The binding material is oxides of at least one kind chosen from titania, silica, and zirconia.    USE - For carbon monoxide shift reactions and exhaust gas purification of fuel cell and internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - Conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) to hydrogen is performed efficiently in low temperature condition. The catalyst has high carbon monoxide shift reaction activity. Conversion of CO into hydrogen is performed efficiently even in high reaction conditions. Reduction of CO shift reaction activity is inhibited. The catalyst of pellet or honeycomb form is used for the exhaust gas purification system which reduces nitrogen oxides and converts CO in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine into hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph explaining relationship of temperature and carbon monoxide conversion ratio in a catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Metal or semiconductor material is melted. The molten material is made into a sheet. Protrusions are formed on the metal or semiconductor sheet by vibrating during the formation of sheet.    USE - As substrate for solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Effective protrusions are formed in the metal or semiconductor material sheet. The manufacturing cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor material is silicon. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) apparatus for forming metal or semiconductor material sheet; and    (2) solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematic diagram of semiconductor sheet formation apparatus.
NOVELTY - A hole carrying layer (4) consisting of tri phenylene derivative, a mixed layer (5) containing tri phenylene derivative and phthalocyanine derivative, an electric charge formation layer (6), another mixed layer (7) containing perylene derivative and hexa aza tri phenylene derivative, an electron carrying layer (8) comprising hexa aza tri phenylene derivative and metal electrode (9) are laminated sequentially on a transparent electrode (3).    USE - For power supply, wrist watch and minicomputer.    ADVANTAGE - Provides solar battery having high conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of organic solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent electrode (3)    Hole carrying layer (4)    Mixed layers (5,7)    Electric charge formation layer (6)    Electron carrying layer (8)    Metal electrode (9)
NOVELTY - Acicular semiconductor crystals are formed on an electrode for transferring electric charge according to incident light.    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - High photoelectric conversion efficiency is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing method; and    (2) Solar battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The heating gas containing impurities is supplied to fuel cell (4) which generates electricity in fuel cell electricity generation installation. The impurities are absorbed by reacting with fused salt and is removed.    USE - For removing impurities contained in heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - The corrosion of apparatuses such as piping, combustor and turbine present in fuel cell electricity generation installation is prevented, thereby reducing the maintenance cost. The obstruction of the flow path in the piping due to impurities is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for impurities removal apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of fuel cell electricity generation installation and its impurities gas removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (4)
NOVELTY - The production comprises: (a) dispersing a carbon nanofiber in a aqueous solution containing a salt being a precursor for a catalyst for a battery; (b) adding an alkali and supporting the resulting reaction product on the surface of the carbon nanofiber; (c) reducing the reaction product.    USE - The method produces the catalyst-supporting carbon nanofiber used for fuel battery electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is uniformly supported on the support. The catalyst-supported carbon nanofiber has high catalytic activity.
NOVELTY - The crack detection method involves measuring change in electrical resistance of laminate. Crack in the laminate is detected based on the measured value. Electrode is connected for measuring the electrical resistance change of each layer of the laminate.    USE - For crack detection in solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Crack is detected inexpensively and efficiently, without any special apparatus and complicated process. The material does not heat-shrunk even at high temperature process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram of the crack detection apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Ammonia containing waste is fed into an absorption tower (3), where it absorbs a gaseous halogen compound generated in an electrolytic cell (2). The waste is passed through negative and positive electrodes, in the presence of a halogen compound. Ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen, hydrogen and water. The gaseous halogen compound is recirculated in the absorption tower.    USE - For treating ammonia containing waste e.g. waste water or exhaust gas.    ADVANTAGE - Installation cost of the waste treatment apparatus is low and large volumes of drain or exhaust gases containing negligible amount of ammonia, are processed efficiently. Hydrogen produced during the decomposition of ammonia is used as a source of energy for fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the ammonia containing drain treatment apparatus (1)    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the ammonia containing waste water treatment apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Waste treatment apparatus (1)    Electrolytic cell (2)    Absorption tower (3)
NOVELTY - The transparent electrode (3) and a Hall conduction layer (4) comprising a triphenylene derivative, are laminated on a glass substrate (2). An electric charge layer (5) comprising a phthalocyanine derivative, conduction layer (6) comprising hexa azo tri phenylene derivative and a metal electrode (7) are sequentially laminated on the Hall layer.    USE - For home power supply, wrist watch, mini computer.    ADVANTAGE - Recombination of electric charge is prevented, thereby conversion efficiency of battery is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the organic solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (2)    Transparent electrode (3)    Hall conduction layer (4)    Electric charge layer (5)    Conduction layer (6)    Metal electrode (7)
NOVELTY - A coil-like piping (34) provided in a water tank (27) which is maintained at constant temperature, has several openings (22) and passes through a modifier (2). A controller (26) adjust the air content entering through the openings, based on the signal output from a carbon monoxide densitometer (30) provided in the water tank.    USE - For producing hydrogen containing gas from carbon group fuel such as town gas, LPG, methanol, gasoline and light oil.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas supplied to the fuel cell, is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system operation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (2)    Openings (22)    Controller (26)    Water tank (27)    Carbon monoxide densitometer (30)    Coil-like piping (34)
NOVELTY - Sheet product has a conductive corrosion resistant protective coating (52) made from a metal oxide on one side.    USE - Used as a bipolar plate in a fuel cell or in an electrolyzer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The product has high corrosion resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a plate for a fuel cell. Preferred Features: The product is treated to form a conductive crystal structure. The protective coating is made from the oxides or alloys of zinc, tin or indium. The protective coating consists of a first layer (54) of a metal oxide, a second layer of a dopant (56) and a third layer (58) of metal oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a bipolar plate.    protective coating (52)    metal oxide layers (54, 58)    dopant (56)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator for miniature fuel battery.    USE - Miniature fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Small size, light weight, high strength and good sealing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen generator is composed of a water chamber which is a rubber bag for storing and supplying water, hydrogen generating box containing the hydrogen-bearing material for generating hydrogen by reaction of water on the hydrogen-bearing material, and water flow control plate for controlling the water supplied to reaction chamber. It integrates the hydrogen generation, storage and supply.
NOVELTY - Production of a gas-tight electrolyte layer on a porous substrate comprises treating the electrolyte layer arranged on the surface of the porous substrate with a sintering auxiliary aid; and sintering the electrolyte layer together with the substrate.    USE - Used in high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The gas-tight electrolyte layer can be easily produced on the porous substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The electrolyte layer is sprayed with, painted with or immersed in the sintering auxiliary aid. The sintering auxiliary aid is a boric acid solution. The porous substrate is a porous electrode having a further porous layer.
NOVELTY - Low temperature fuel cell (1) comprises an electrode (7, 11) and a composite conductor plate (5) which electrically connects the electrode with an electrode (21) of a neighboring fuel cell. The plate contains (in weight %) 50-65 nickel, 12-22 chromium, 10-18 molybdenum, 4-10 iron and 0.5-5 tungsten.    USE - Used as a low temperature fuel cell operating with pure oxygen and pure hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is corrosion resistant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The composite conductor plate consists of two sheets (15, 17) forming a hollow chamber (19). The sheets have a thickness of 0.08-0.3 mm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a low temperature fuel cell.    low temperature fuel cell (1)    composite conductor plate (5)    electrode (7,11)    hollow chamber (19)    electrode of a neighboring fuel cell (21)
NOVELTY - Coating a membrane-electrode unit on both sides with a catalyst comprises contacting two precursor layers with a membrane; and electrochemically depositing the catalyst alternately on the electrodes.    USE - Used in the production of a fuel cell, accumulator, battery or electrolyzer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane-electrode unit is not damaged during the process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Specific adsorption layers are formed on the electrodes in a controlled manner. Agents, preferably CO or H2, are added to form adsorbates. The membrane-electrode unit is positioned in an atmosphere containing water vapor during the deposition. H2PtCl6 or Pt(NO3)2 is used in the process.
NOVELTY - A compact fuel processor for converting a hydrocarbon fuel feed into hydrogen-rich gas comprises a processor assembly (A) containing concentric vessels for converting the feed into hydrogen-rich gas suitable for direct feed to a fuel cell.    USE - The fuel processor converts hydrocarbons into hydrogen-rich gas for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The processor is a simple unit of compact design which permits highly efficient heat transfer between different reactor modules.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for two further fuel processors comprising either:    (a) a reforming module for converting hydrocarbon fuel feed into hydrogen-rich gas and    (b) an oxidizing module for oxidizing fuel cell anode tail gas to produce a hot exhaust gas which preheats the hydrocarbon fuel feed    or    (a) a heat exchanger coil,    (b) a reforming core vessel containing an autothermal reforming catalyst bed,    (c) a desulfurizing vessel surrounding this and forming a first annular space filled with desulfurization catalyst,    (d) a shift vessel surrounding this and forming a second annular space filled with water gas shift catalyst and    (e) a preferred oxidation vessel surrounding this and forming a third annular space filled with preferred oxidation catalyst.    The hydrocarbon fuel feed is preheated by the hydrogen-rich gas in the heat exchanger coil and then introduced to the reforming core vessel and the successive annular spaces to produce hydrogen-rich gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates an embodiment of the compact fuel processor.    Reforming stack (30)    Oxidizing stack (40)    Anode tail gas oxidation reactor (204)    Anode tail gas (206)    Desulfurization reactor (210)    Autothermal reformation reactor (224)    Desulfurization reactor (226)    Water-gas shift reactor (228)    Preferential oxidation reactor (230)
NOVELTY - Process for depositing a catalyst material onto a precursor layer comprises using a carbon carrier to reduce an ionic catalyst precursor to the metallic catalyst.    USE - Used in the production of a membrane-electrode unit for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - No external electrical field is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The carbon carrier is made from carbon black or activated charcoal and is present in the form of a precursor. The ionic catalyst is added to the carbon carrier in the form of an electrolyte solution.
NOVELTY - The method involves using a methane production suppressing water gas shift (WGS) reaction catalyst (A) comprising an effective amount of basic metal oxide for suppressing methane production.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas stream supplied to fuel cell especially proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst inhibits or eliminates the methanation side reaction, without producing the activity of catalyst and without increasing the cost of catalyst synthesis and production. Exothermic production of methane is inhibited during water gas shift reaction, and higher level of hydrogen is produced at lower reaction temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for methane production suppressing WGS reaction catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graphical comparison of performance of methane suppressing WGS reaction catalyst and methane production WGS catalyst, as measured by carbon monoxide conversion percentage and amount of methane production.
NOVELTY - A method for manufacturing rutile titanium oxide slurry to decrease manufacturing cost of a dye-reacting solar cell, by reducing manufacturing cost of the rutile titanium oxide film as compared with a titanium oxide of an anatase structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Rutile titanium oxide powder is prepared. The rutile titanium oxide powder is distributed in distilled water to form a colloid solution. Polyethyleneglycol and poly ethylene oxide are added to the colloid solution. The colloid solution is stirred up to manufacture rutile titanium oxide slurry.
NOVELTY - The solar cell consists of a back side electrode layer (1c), silicon layers (1e-1g) and a conducting film (1h) formed on substrate (1a). The substrate surface having the electrode layer and the silicon layers is formed rough by dry-etching process.    USE - For photo-electric converter.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell with high open discharge voltage is restrained, by forming a rough surface on substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the substrate roughening method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the solar-cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1a)    Back side electrode layer (1c)    Silicon layer (1e-1g)    Conducting film (1h)
NOVELTY - The stannic oxide is included as a principal component of a thin film formed on a substrate. An average of about 20 or more projections with a height of 100 nm or more, is provided on the thin film surface of 1 mum.    USE - Used in optoelectric transducer (claimed) e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Closing light effect is exhibited effectively. Photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. Energy consumption is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Substrate manufacturing method; and    (2) Optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the thin film formation process by CVD method.
NOVELTY - The manufacturing method of low resistance p-type zinc oxide thin film, involves forming a zinc oxide film using gallium nitride (GaN) as target and doping substance. Simultaneous doping of gallium and nitrogen or gallium nitride to the zinc oxide thin film, is carried out.    USE - For optoelectronic materials such as solar battery and liquid crystal.    ADVANTAGE - The low resistance p-type zinc oxide thin film has excellent transparency and electroconductivity. The p-type zinc oxide film is used with high efficiency, as an optoelectronic material covering visible light region to ultraviolet ray region.
NOVELTY - The silicon crystal comprises gallium and boron added as dopant.    USE - As solar battery material.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon crystal and silicon crystal wafer which prevent the reduction of conversion efficiency by photodegradation, are manufactured inexpensively. The silicon crystal has excellent crystal strength and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) silicon crystal wafer; and    (2) silicon crystal manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows each dopant concentration with respect to the light direction of a single silicon crystal and the resistivity with respect to the length direction of a single silicon crystal. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A catalyst containing aggregate of carbonaceous material is coated on a sheet to form catalyst film. The catalyst film is decomposed physically into carbonaceous material.    USE - For fuel cell and battery.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is effectively supported in a carbonaceous material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbonaceous material is fiber material, carbon nano tube or a acicular graphite. The catalyst is platinum, platinum alloy, palladium, magnesium, titanium, manganese, lanthanum alloy, titanium-iron alloy, iridium, rhodium and/or gold.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fuel cell produced using catalyst supported carbon nano tube (Includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The Redox flow battery uses vanadium sulfate solution as electrolyte and comprises mixed powder of vanadium oxide with preset composition.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Cost of transportation and storage of batteries are reduced with less effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The Redox flow battery uses vanadium sulfate solution as electrolyte and comprises mixed powder of vanadium oxide with a composition of V2O3.5.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline explanatory drawing of a redox battery.
NOVELTY - A monolithic catalyst (134) is used in the reactor (131) of a fuel modifier (13) which has a catalyst cooling portion (137) at the entrance side of the catalyst. The ratio of vertical cross sectional area of catalyst cooling portion perpendicular with respect to the catalyst is 20-80%. The axial direction length of catalyst cooling portion is 5-60% of the axial direction length of the catalyst.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Because of the specific area ratio and length ratio of the catalyst cooling portion, temperature distribution in the reactor is uniform. The modifier has good durability and catalyst formation efficiency. The temperature rise of catalyst is inhibited.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel modifier.    Fuel modifier (13)    Reactor (131)    Monolith catalyst (134)    Catalyst cooling portion (137)
NOVELTY - The metal honeycomb structure is formed by laminating or winding a flat stainless steel foil (2) and corrugated stainless steel foil (3). At least one surface of stainless steel foil is covered by alpha-alumina insulating layer comprising an equiaxillar crystal and/or columnar crystal.    USE - As reformer in fuel cell for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon and alcohol, used in motor vehicle and domestic purpose.    ADVANTAGE - As the honey-comb structure can raise temperature quickly, generation time of fuel is shortened and efficiency of fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of metal honey-comb structure.    Flat stainless steel foil (2)    Corrugated stainless steel foil (3)
NOVELTY - Oxygen containing gas is supplied to an oxygen pole and hydrogen containing gas is supplied to fuel electrode and electricity is generated. Operation of the fuel cell is terminated by stopping only supply of oxygen containing gas to oxygen pole, and electricity is generated using hydrogen containing gas and oxygen stored in the oxygen pole.    USE - For terminating operation of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - In order to stop fuel cell, only oxygen containing gas supply is terminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for storage of gas in fuel cell after termination of operation of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic diagram of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Precursor thin film containing IB, IIIB, and VIB group elements, is formed on a substrate by supplying raw material on the substrate by sputtering process. VIB group element is supplied on the precursor thin film by a method other than the sputtering method after heating a substrate for forming a compound semiconductor thin film containing IB, IIIB and VIB group elements.    USE - Compound semiconductor thin film manufacturing method for thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming a film having uniform thickness and without composition deviation. Improves film quality, provides a highly efficient solar battery and prevents the generation of crystal defect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Compound semiconductor thin film; and    (2) Compound semiconductor thin film manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the deviation and top view of the compound semiconductor thin film manufacturing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A melting furnace (12) is equipped to heat and remove the ash content in gas (3). A modification chamber with a smaller space is provided between a fluidized bed gasification furnace (11) and a rotation melting furnace.    USE - For the gasification of organic wastes, such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge or industrial waste to be used for a power generation plant.    ADVANTAGE - Increases gasification ratio and performs generation of electricity. Improves gas heating value. Performs efficient recovery of flyash.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas containing oxygen (1b) and water vapor (1a) is supplied to thermally decompose the waste and generate gas. A modification chamber supplies water vapor to the piping between gasification furnace and melting furnace for gas outlet mouth of gasification furnace.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gasification power generation installation of organic waste. A gas turbine electrical power generating device, a gas engine electrical power generating device and fuel cell power generating device operate to generate electricity using gas, respectively. A steam turbine is operated using steam heated exhaust gas to drive a generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of a gasification power generation installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water vapor (1a)    Oxygen (1b)    Gas (3)    Fluidized bed gasification furnace (11)    Melting furnace (12)
NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion elements (2) has semiconductor layer (7) exposed through opening (9) of the semiconductor layer (8). A support (3) including conductors (13,14) insulated by an insulator (15) has recesses (17), inside which the elements are inserted. The elements are illuminated with light reflected from conductor (13). The conductors are connected to layer (8) and exposed portion of layer (7), respectively.    USE - Photovoltaic apparatus e.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the conversion elements are arranged in the respective recesses, the number of the conversion elements are reduced, thereby minimizing used amount of the high purity material so the connection of the conversion elements and support conductors can be made easier. The external light can be efficiently used for generation of force by the conversion elements by the recess arrangement so the electric power generation amount per unit area can be maximized. The support has a relatively simple structure and can be manufactured easily at reduced costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Photoelectric conversion element;    (2) Spherical semiconductor particles mass production method; and    (3) Spherical semiconductor particles mass production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the enlarged sectional view of the portion of the photovoltaic apparatus.    Photoelectric conversion elements (2)    Support (3)    Semiconductor layers (7,8)    Opening (9)    Conductors (13,14)    Insulator (15)    Recesses (17)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (10) has a through-hole (14) in which generator cells (12) are stacked. A metal tube (18) which is inserted through the through-hole, has a passage for temperature regulating medium. The fuel cell stack includes an insulating elastic structure and an insulating lubricant which is interposed between the tube and the inner wall of the through-hole.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the insulating elastic structure or the insulating lubricant is interposed in a direction in which the generator cells are stacked, any spaces are prevented from being created between the tube and the stack so heat is quickly transferred from the temperature medium to the stack making it possible to efficiently control the stack temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged fragmentary cross-section of fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell stack (10)    Generator cells (12)    Through-hole (14)    Metal tube (18)
NOVELTY - Process for introducing fuel and/or thermal energy into a gas stream flowing to a catalytic reactor comprises feeding part of the gas stream to an outer chamber (3) and part of the gas stream to an inner chamber (5); combining the gas streams after they have passed through the chambers; and feeding to a catalytic reactor (7). The fuel is burned in the inner chamber in the start-up phase of the still cold catalytic reactor. Under normal operation of the hot catalytic reactor, the fuel is vaporized in the inner chamber.    USE - Used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The device is simple, robust and compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process.    Preferred Features: In the start-up phase, the fuel and the part of the gas stream flowing into the inner chamber form an ignitable mixture which ignites using an ignition unit (8). Air is partially used as the gas stream. The fuel is partially burned in a flame combustion. An additional gas stream (12) is added into the region of the outer chamber when the reactor is hot. The additional gas stream is an exhaust gas stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a two-pipe burner.    Outer chamber (3)    Inner chamber (5)    Catalytic reactor (7)    Ignition unit (8)    Additional gas stream (12)
NOVELTY - The preparation of electrically catalytic oxidization promoter of methanol includes mixing rare-earth oxide with sulfuric acid solution, and ultrasonic vibration in water bath. It can greatly increase the anode current.    ADVANTAGE - Simple process, high stability and high repeatability.
NOVELTY - Patterned radiation energy converter comprises a substrate partially coated with one or more layers, one of which is a radiation-absorbing layer. The thickness and/or chemical composition of at least one of the layers parallel to the surface of the substrate changes periodically.    USE - Used as a solar collector and/or as a decorative layer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The converter is effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a patterned radiation energy converter comprising applying layers onto a substrate using a PVD or wet chemical method.    Preferred Features: The thickness and/or chemical composition of at least one of the layers changes at a periodic distance of 1-40 cm. At least one layer is an anti-reflection layer, preferably made from silicon-containing glass, silicon dioxide or a dielectric selected from ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3, TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3, SnO2 or Si3N4.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the patterned radiation energy converter.
NOVELTY - Production of ceramic material comprises: (i) dissolving a metal complex former consisting of a first compound of A' as nitrate and/or carbonate (where A' = Y, Sc, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu or Gd) and a second compound of B (where B = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Bi, Pb, Sb, W or Zr) in an aqueous solution; and (ii) heating the solution so that the metal complex former decomposes and a ceramic material is formed.    USE - Used as an electrically conductive connecting element for a fuel cell stack and a contact element for a piezoceramic (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ceramic material has good electrical properties and a low sintering temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the ceramic material produced.    Preferred Features: A third compound of A'' as nitrate and/or carbonate is dissolved in the aqueous solution (where A'' = Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba). The metal complex former is a polycarboxylic acid or citric acid. The aqueous solution is heated to 700degrees C.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen source comprises a chemical hydride (10) bound in an organic substance which reacts with water forming gaseous hydrogen.    USE - Used for operating fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Uncontrollable explosive operations are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell (1) comprising an electrolyte (2) limited on one side by an anode chamber (3) containing the hydrogen source and on the other side by a cathode chamber. Preferred Features: The organic substance is a hydrophobic substance that does not react with the chemical hybrid. The bound hydride contains pores as gas passages. The organic substance is a polymer and is liquid or viscous or powdered with a particle size of 1-100, especially 10-50 mum. The weight ratio of the hydride to the organic substance is 20-80: 80-20, preferably 30-50: 70-50.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell.    fuel cell (1)    electrolyte (2)    anode chamber (3)    chemical hydride (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell plate having first and second surfaces, is applied with a coating precursor on the first surface and exposed to radiation or heat to initiate polymerization. The coating precursor is adapted to polymerize in response to radiation or heat.    USE - For electrically insulating and sealing fuel cell plates.    ADVANTAGE - The coating frequencies can be quickly and precisely applied to fuel cell plates resulting in substantial cost savings. The cured solid coatings provide excellent chemical resistance with mechanical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) an insulated fuel cell plate; and    (b) an ultraviolet radiation-curable coating precursor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sketch of an exploded cross-sectional view of fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell assembly (100)    Fuel cells (102)    Multi-layer active portion (104)    Bipolar plates (106)    End plate (108)    Membrane electrode assembly (110)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (114)    Anode (116)    Cathode (118)
NOVELTY - Water is pumped through a hollow body (22) with a locally-porous wall. In a chamber on the other side of the porous wall the fuel is pumped through at a defined flow rate. As a result of pressure difference, the fuel penetrates through the wall and into the passing water. A homogeneous, bubble-free (i.e. fuel vapor-free) mixture results.    USE - To dilute methanol for use in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) where the fuel cell temperature exceeds the boiling point of the fuel and the operational temperature or -pressure of the fuel cell is given by that of the mixer unit. (Claimed applications).    ADVANTAGE - Uniform dilution without bubble formation is achieved for methanol, or any other fuel used. Intensive mixing takes place over an extended surface area, with a high rate of heat transfer. The mixing volume is small and the responsiveness high. The mixture is in a state suitable for subsequent conditions encountered at the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding mixer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A possible implementation is shown in cross section.    Methanol-water mixer (20)    Hollow body (22)
NOVELTY - Provided are polyaniline salts having solubility in various organic polar solvents, which can be used for anti static, electromagnetic waves absorbing and shielding paints, a battery, a polymer solution for a capacitor, a photo electrochemical cell, an electrochromic display, and etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyaniline salts (formula 3) are produced by a process comprising the steps of: preparing a polyaniline base (formula 1) from aniline monomers in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an oxidant; doping the polyaniline base by using 0.5-10 mol (based on the polyaniline base) of diethyl sulfate as a functional dopant at an ordinary temperature to 95 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Water is vaporized independently and set as water vapor by a water vaporizer (1). The water vapor is supplied with liquid fuel, to a fuel vaporizer (5) having a heat source and then heated and vaporized by reducing the vaporization temperature of the liquid fuel.    USE - For the vaporization of water-insoluble liquid fuel such as petroleum-type liquid fuel or kerosene oil, used for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Heat decomposition of the liquid fuel by high temperature and variation in the quality of the liquid fuel, are prevented by reducing vaporization temperature of liquid fuel, hence the vaporization is reliably performed. Heating is performed quickly from beginning of the vaporization process. Since the exhaust heat from the modifier is used as heat source for fuel vaporizer, supply of electricity is not required, hence efficient energy saving is enabled. The vaporization method is performed efficiently and smoothly from the beginning of the reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principle portion of block diagram of fuel cell system which attached vaporization method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water vaporizer (1)    Fuel vaporizer (5)    Modifier (9)
NOVELTY - A laminated light receiving layer has an i-type gallium nitride group semiconductor compound interposed between n type and p type gallium nitride group compound semiconductor. The light receiving layer has an undoped gallium nitride compound represented by InxGa1-xN where x is within 0.1. The n type layer consists of GaN.    USE - PIN type gallium nitride group semiconductor light receiving element for photodiode, solar battery, etc for detection of infrared light.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to obtain light receiving element with high sensitivity for specific wavelength range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a light receiving array.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of light receiving element.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer (4) is formed on a substrate (2) through an electrode (3). Semiconductor layer is mainly made of titanium oxide. Band gap of the semiconductor layer is set below 3.1 eV, by subjecting the layer to band gap reduction.    USE - For dry type solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Visible light is used and photoelectric conversion efficiency becomes high, because of titanium oxide layer having band gap below 3 eV. Wavelength dependency is reduced and performance is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar battery; and    (2) semiconductor manufacture    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the solar battery. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (2)    electrode (3)    semiconductor layer (4)
NOVELTY - An I type monocrystal silicon layer (14) includes oxygen of concentration more than 2 x 1018 cm-3. The I type silicon layer is formed below 195 degrees C.    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses N-type semiconductor layer formation without need of inexpensive installation and hence improves quality of solar battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of solar cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    I type monocrystal silicon layer (14)
NOVELTY - A metallic oxide vapor deposition film (2) and a color resin layer (4) are sequentially laminated to the reverse side of the base film (1).    USE - For solar battery module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet is integrated to the solar battery module by crimping and hence strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, wind pressure resistance, chemical resistance, stain resistance properties of the solar battery are enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of the protection sheet for solar battery module. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    base film (1)    metallic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    color resin layer (4)
NOVELTY - Boron and gallium are doped to the surface of a single silicon crystal substrate (41). The gallium doping area of the substrate is deeper than a PN junction area.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a solar cell with a flexible single crystal substrate. Reduces crystallization resistivity by suitable doping.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the cross-sectional view of single silicon crystal type solar cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    single silicon crystal substrate (41)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor material (15) is filled into a crucible (1) having reverse pyramid trapezoid shape with reduced cross-section at the bottom. The semiconductor material is heated and dissolved from the lower part, and is made to go upwardly. Unidirectional solidification of fused semiconductor material is carried out by cooling and polycrystalline semiconductor ingot is formed.    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The method forms semiconductor ingot with excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and relieves distortion formed by stress.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline block diagram of polycrystalline semiconductor ingot manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Crucible (1)    Semiconductor material (15)
NOVELTY - The starting method of fuel cell power generating device involves raising temperature of modifier catalyst layer to reach modification-reaction temperature.    USE - For starting fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The starting method provides heat even to predetermined reaction temperature within 1 hour. Since the expensive nitrogen gas is not used the running cost of fuel cell electricity generation is lowered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process is maintained at a fixed temperature to start a fuel cell power generating device. The fuel cell power generating device contains modifier (3), carbon monoxide removal apparatus, fuel cell and/or water vapor generator. The raw material fuel gas (1) which passed temperature of a catalyst layer of a modifier along the catalyst layer, lights a modifier burner. Modifier catalyst layer is heated and to raise the temperature of the catalyst layer of carbon monoxide removal apparatus is raised to a temperature more than the reaction temperature, without making the catalyst layer precipitate a carbon from the raw material fuel gas. The fuel gas (1) is introduced to the modifier and the emission gas from modifier catalyst layer heated at fixed temperature is introduced to carbon monoxide removal apparatus. Temperature of catalyst layer of carbon monoxide removal apparatus is raised to a temperature more than the reaction temperature, by the emission gas from modifier catalyst layer. Water vapor is introduced to the modifier in which the temperature of the catalyst layer is raised further to reach the temperature required for precipitating carbon from fuel gas. The temperature of modifier catalyst layer is raised to reach modification reaction temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Raw material fuel gas (1)    Modifier (3)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell power generator has reformer (3), carbon monoxide removal apparatus (5) equipped with carbon monoxide conversion device (4), and fuel cell (6) and water vapor generator. The starting method of fuel cell power generator involves raising temperature of catalyst layer in carbon monoxide conversion device to more than reaction temperature, by supplying mixed gas of nitrogen and air to device (4).    USE - For starting fuel cell power generator used for generating power.    ADVANTAGE - By supplying mixed gas comprising nitrogen gas and air to the carbon monoxide conversional device, the temperature of catalyst layer can be raised to more than reaction temperature in a short time. The starting time of the generator is reduced to 90 minutes compare to conventional starting time of 180 minutes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptional diagram of duel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (3)    Carbon monoxide conversion device (4)    Carbon monoxide removal device (5)    Fuel cell (6)
NOVELTY - An oxygen occlusion ability sensor detects the oxygen occlusion ability of carbon monoxide (CO) shift catalyst, and estimates the concentration in the reformation heating gas. An oxygen supply unit supplies oxygen corresponded to the estimated CO concentration. A CO oxidation catalyst selectively oxidizes the CO in the reformation heating gas.    USE - For controlling fuel reformation in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits hydrogen consumption by supplying oxygen corresponded to CO concentration in the reformation heating gas, thereby increasing the energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformation control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph indicating the relationship of oxygen occlusion ability of CO shift catalyst and CO conversion ratio. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An olefin-resin sheet modified by the ethylenic unsaturated silane compound expressed by R1SiR2nY3-n, where R1 is a hydrocarbon group, Y is the hydrocarboxy group and n' is the integer of 0-2, is formed between a front cover and the solar battery element. The sheet consists of radical generating agent of 0.001 weight percent (wt.%) or less, laminated with gel having molar fraction of 30 % or less.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides excellent bonding strength between the front and back covers.
NOVELTY - Production of a metallized electrode comprises applying a catalyst onto a conducting substrate coated with a polymer by electrochemical deposition. Before the electrochemical deposition, an acidic metal salt solution is electromagnetically irradiated. Deposition is carried out through the polymer.    USE - Used as a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst deposition is uniform.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The carbon-containing substrate has two or more layers. Irradiation is carried out for 20 seconds to 3 hours. The metal salt complexes are partially and/or completely hydrated after the electromagnetic irradiation. Platinum complexes, preferably hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid, are used as the starting material for the production of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell (1) in which two reactant gases are supplied to generate electricity, a raw fuel evaporator (2), a reformer (3a) to reform the evaporated and volatilized raw fuel vapor using a reforming catalyst to produce the first reactant gas, and an air-introducing device.    USE - The fuel cell system is used as power source for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system can be operated under appropriate conditions by keeping the temperature of the reforming catalyst at a prescribed level, even if the temperature of raw fuel gas is changed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell in which first and second reactant gases are supplied to generate electricity, a raw fuel evaporator which combusts exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell and makes use of the exhaust gas to evaporate and volatilize a raw material for the first reactant gas, a reformer to reform the evaporated and volatilized raw fuel vapor using a reforming catalyst to produce the first reactant gas, and an air-introducing device which introduces air used to be reformed into the evaporator or the reformed in a manner that the flow rate of the air is controlled depending upon the output from the fuel cell and upon the temperature of the raw fuel vapor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Evaporator (2)    Reformer (3a)    CO remover (3b)
NOVELTY - An InGaP nucleation layer is formed over a Ge substrate doped with n-type dopant such as phosphorus/arsenic. The lattice parameter of InGaP is substantially equal to that of the substrate. A gallium arsenide layer and an indium-gallium-phosphide layer are formed over the nucleation layer.    USE - For satellite power systems used for mobile and telephone communications.    ADVANTAGE - Optimizes the open circuit voltage of Ge junction in multi-junction solar cell easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) Substrate dopant diffusion controlling method; and    (b) Multi-layer semiconductor structure fabricating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram showing a schematic cross-section of a triple junction solar cell.
NOVELTY - Electricity is generated from a fuel cell by converting fuel to positive ions via anode electrocatalyst and anode, while simultaneously converting oxygen containing liquid to yield hydroxyl or oxygen ions via cathode electrocatalyst and cathode. The oxygen is reoxygenated by contacting the oxygen containing liquid with molecular oxygen.    USE - For generating electricity from a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a fuel cell having a high current density, high power density and low oxygen electrode polarization. Water management problems in the fuel cell of the invention are at a minimum. The fuel cell also is relatively less expensive to build and maintain due to its use of inexpensive materials and non-noble catalysts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generation of electricity from a fuel cell involves providing a fuel having an anode, a cathode, an anode electrocatalyst, and a cathode electrocatalyst. The anode electrocatalyst can catalyze hydrogen molecules to hydrogen ions. The cathode electrocatalyst can catalyze oxygen contained in an oxygen containing liquid to oxygen ions or hydroxyl ions. A fuel inlet port introduces hydrogen to the hydrogen anode. An electrolyte electronically separates the anode from the cathode. A fuel is provided to the anode electrocatalyst via the fuel inlet port. An oxygen containing liquid is provided to the cathode electrocatalyst. The fuel is converted to positive ions via the anode electrocatalyst and the anode, while simultaneously converting the oxygen containing liquid to yield hydroxyl or oxygen ions via the cathode electrocatalyst and the cathode. An electrical potential is created between the anode and the cathode. The oxygen is reoxygenated by contacting the oxygen containing liquid with molecular oxygen. At least 90% of the oxygen provided to the cathode is provided by the oxygen containing liquid.
NOVELTY - A separation section (20) separates hydrogen from a mixed gas generated from a raw material. A controller absorbs water content in the gas and passes it to a fuel cell (28).    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of the system is attained. Heating gas for fuel cell is generated reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)    Separation section (20)    Fuel cell (28)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion (PC) unit includes lamination of a lower electrode layer(L), a photoelectric conversion layer (a), a transparent electrode layer (u) and connection electrode layers (b,e) on both sides of a substrate (10).The electrode layers (b,L) are made of higher reflectivity material such as silver and the electrode layer (e) is made of lower reflectivity material such as nickel.    USE - Thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film solar battery has favorable solar battery characteristics. Prevents short circuit and damage of thin film due to laser patterning.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of thin film solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing method of thin film solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate ((10)    Photoelectric conversion layer (a)    Electrode layers (b,e,u,L)
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion apparatus has a silicon thin film as a photoelectric conversion layer (4) containing crystalline substance and having average concentration of oxygen atom of 1x1020 pieces/cm3, average concentration of impurities atom measured by conductivity measurement of 1x1016-1x1018 pieces/cm3, and spin density analyzed by electron spin resonance method of 1x1018 pieces/cm3.    USE - As a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion apparatus using high quality silicon thin film as photoelectric conversion layer formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition, has improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the photoelectric conversion apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Photoelectric conversion layer (4)
NOVELTY - Aircraft fuel supply system comprises Brayton cycle heat engine (8) and a fuel cell (2) power generating device. The system alters molecular structure of the hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the system and separates the fuel into hydrogen and remaining hydrocarbon compound. Hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell and the hydrocarbon compound is supplied to the heat engine.    USE - For flight propulsion.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is efficiently supplied to the fuel cell, fuel consumption is thus improved. Energy of the fuel is converted to electrical energy, avoiding increase in the amount of mounting fuel. Need for auxiliary machines on a jet engine are avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the general view of the aircraft fuel supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Aircraft (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Brayton cycle heat engine (8)    Hydrocarbon fuel (a)    Hydrogen (b)    Hydrocarbon compound (c)
NOVELTY - The driving electric power for an auxiliary machine is supplied from a secondary battery connected to a fuel cell, when power supply from the mains fail.    USE - For gas cylinder, liquid pump.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is conveniently driven even when there is rapid increase in electric loads and damage of fuel cell due to overload is also prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system controller.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system is equipped with a fuel reformer and a humidifier. The humidifier removes the powder mixed in reformed gas, by contacting it with a liquid.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst or absorbent mixed in the reformed gas, is removed easily. The inflow of the battery fuel supply valve and burner fuel supply valve, are prevented. Damage of valves is prevented. Dewing formation of water vapor in the pipe interior, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the operating method of the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Humidifier (6)
NOVELTY - A collector (1) has side walls (2) between which a lateral electrode (3) is press-fitted so that hydrogen accommodation space between the collector and the lateral electrode is sealed.    USE - For portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Higher sealing effect is obtained, without applying sealing compound, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the electricity generation cell.    Collector (1)    Side walls (2)    Lateral electrode (3)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical device has a proton conductor (1) comprising fullerene derivative, clamped between negative plate (2) and positive electrode (3). Methanol and water are reacted in negative plate such that a proton dissociation property group is introduced into carbon atom of fullerene and a proton is formed from proton conductor.    USE - As fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel efficiency is improved. Wide variety of electrode catalyst can be used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The proton dissociation property group is selected from hydroxyl group, carboxylic acid group and sulfonic acid. The negative plate is supported by a platinum group catalyst selected from platinum and/or ruthenium.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for usage of electrochemical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal cross-sectional view of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Proton conductor (1)    Negative plate (2)    Positive electrode (3)
NOVELTY - An n-type single crystal Si substrate (1) is immersed into the alkaline solution containing surfactant for etching and forming a concavo-convex substrate. The surfactant includes caprylic or lauric acid as main component.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Etching with caprylic acid improves reproducibility. Production of photo voltaic cell with uneven surfaced substrate, improves photoelectric conversion property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Photo voltaic cell manufacturing method; and    (2) Surface active agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the influence of various etching agents during etching of substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    N-type single crystal Si substrate (1)
NOVELTY - Gasification processing facility for waste material comprises water (5c) circulated inside a heat recovery pipe (19a) which penetrates through a condenser (18). Water vapor (1a) is produced from water using sensible and condensation latent heat of gas (3) obtained by gasification of waste material (2) and supplied by the condenser.    USE - For gasification of waste material such as sewage sludge, industrial waste and in power generation installation.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a gasification of facility of waste material with high thermal efficiency and a power generation installation which uses the cooled and purified gas from the condenser.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for power generation installation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of power generation installation equipped with gasification facility. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water vapor (1a)    Waste material (2)    Gas (3)    Water (5c)    Gasification furnace (11)    Melting furnace (12)    Condenser (18)    Heat recovery pipe (19a)    Suction pump (19d)
NOVELTY - A core agent solution containing chlorophyll group pigment dissolved/dispersed in a core agent solvent, and a shell agent solution containing polyfunctional isocyanate dissolved in volatile solvent, are mixed and emulsified in an emulsifying-dispersing aqueous solution containing emulsifier and dispersing agent. The volatile solvent is distilled and a chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule is obtained.    USE - For manufacture of associative chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule.    ADVANTAGE - The chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule having predetermined degree of association is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A core agent solution containing chlorophyll group pigment and a core agent solvent which dissolves or disperses chlorophyll group pigment, is prepared. A shell agent solution containing polyfunctional isocyanate dissolved in volatile solvent, is prepared. The core agent solution and shell agent solution are mixed and emulsified in an emulsifying-dispersing aqueous solution containing an emulsifier and an dispersing agent. The volatile solvent is distilled and a chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule is obtained. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microparticle which has core portion containing core agent solvent which dissolves disperses chlorophyll group pigment, and shell portion containing polyurea resin which coated the core portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the visible absorption spectrum of chlorophyll group pigment (I) in the core agent solution of n-hexyl alcohol and n-tridecane. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Directed solidified polycrystalline silicon has electrically active grain boundaries in less than 3% of the material volume.    USE - Used a material for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon has low electrical activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a process for the production of the directed solidified polycrystalline silicon comprising melting mono- or poly-crystalline silicon and crystallizing; solar cells containing the directed solidified poly-crystalline silicon; and a process for the production of the solar cells.    Preferred Features: The silicon is doped with phosphorus, arsenic, lithium and/or bismuth.
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide content is reduced in a hydrogen-rich gas mixture stream by using at least two catalyst supporting bodies arranged behind each other in the flow direction of the mixture stream. The supporting bodies have a honeycomb structure with channels. A shift reaction takes place in the supporting bodies and the mixture stream flows through a heat exchanger between the supporting bodies.    USE - Used in vehicle fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reaction conditions can be quickly adapted to changing operating conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a multi-stage shift reactor (1) for reducing the carbon monoxide content in a hydrogen-rich gas mixture stream; and    (2) a reforming unit for reforming a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture stream for a fuel cell comprising a device for the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture stream, an exhaust gas purification device and the shift reactor.    Preferred Features: Each catalyst supporting body has a cross-sectional surface with a channel density which increases in the flow direction and has a surface-specific heat capacity which decreases in the flow direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the shift reactor.    Flow direction (2)    Heat exchanger (4)    Channels (6)
NOVELTY - A purifying system comprises an exhaust gas passage through which combustion-exhaust gas emitted from a fuel reforming device is discharged, and a purifying device connected to the exhaust gas passage and operable to purify the combustion-exhaust gas.    USE - For purifying combustion-exhaust gas emitted from a fuel reforming device operable for supplying a fuel cell with a reformed fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents air pollution or atmospheric contamination with simple arrangement.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of purifying a combustion-exhaust gas emitted from a fuel reformer (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram schematically showing an arrangement of a purifying system.    Fuel reforming device (20)    Catalyst (41)
NOVELTY - A laminated circuit board comprising a metal layer and an amorphous silicon layer (4), is formed. The silicon in amorphous silicon layer is solidly dissolved in metal layer, and a polycrystalline silicon layer (5) is formed between substrate (1) and metal layer. The metal layer is exposed to a gas containing 5 volume% or more of oxygen, between the metal layer formation process and the lamination process.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The polycrystalline silicon layer is formed reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal layer comprising silicon and metal which performs an eutectic reaction, is formed on a substrate. An amorphous silicon layer is formed on the metal layer, to obtain a laminated circuit board. The silicon in the amorphous silicon layer is made to solidly dissolve in the metal layer, by heating the circuit board. A polycrystalline silicon layer is formed between the substrate and metal layer, by a crystallization process. The metal layer is exposed to a gas containing 5 volume% or more of oxygen, between the metal layer formation process and the lamination process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of the polycrystalline silicon thin film.    Substrate (1)    Amorphous silicon layer (4)    Polycrystalline silicon layer (5)
NOVELTY - A burner (4F) arranged in lower portion combustion unit (4), burns the exhaust fuel gas and forms flame. The catalyzed combustion unit (4C) burns the exhaust fuel gas which is not burnt by the burner.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Starting time is shortened. Heating gas formation cost is reduced. Response with respect to electric load fluctuation is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of hydrogenated gas formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion unit (4)    Burner (4F)    Catalyzed combustion unit (4C)
NOVELTY - The pressure adjusting pump (P) is started, when the equalizing valve (V12) of storage tanks (MH1-MHn) which are selected for release of hydrogen, is opened. After predetermined pressure reduction time, the controller (20) closes valve (V12) and opens main control valve (V2) and pump discharge valve (Va) to supply hydrogen through surge tank (30).    USE - Hydrogen storage and supply system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces load on pump while starting as a surge tank is selectively connectable between pump and selected storage container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic block diagram of hydrogen storage and supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Controller (20)    Surge tank (30)    Storage tanks (MH1-MHn)    Pressure adjusting pump (P)    Pump discharge valve (Va)    Main control valve (V2)    Equalizing valve (V12)
NOVELTY - The water vapor is supplied continuously even after stoppage of hydrocarbon group fuel supply into a fuel modifier (3) for substituting the vapor for gas in modifier. After stoppage of water vapor supply, condensation of vapor inside modifier is prevented by heating the modifier with heater (H).    USE - For storing modified fuel in hydrogen containing gas formation apparatus used for fuel cell electricity generation installation.    ADVANTAGE - The storage method of modified fuel enables to simplify maintenance work and running cost of the apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel is made to burn in modifier to obtain a processed gas. The processed gas from modifier is supplied to a preprocessing chamber (T) in which water vapor is substituted for gas. The chamber is heated by electric heaters (51a-51c) to prevent condensation of water vapor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of fuel cell electricity generation installation with hydrogen containing gas formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (3)    Electric heaters (51a-51c)    Heater (H)    Preprocessing chamber (T)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a container (H) comprising separation wall through which heat is exchanged. The separation wall includes a modified layer (2) which forms hydrogen by introducing modification raw material gas, and a combustion layer (1) which generates heat by introducing combustion gas. Bellows (5) for absorbing elongation by thermal expansion of separation wall and to relieve thermal stress, are provided.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier has excellent modification efficiency. The elongation by thermal expansion of compressed tube is absorbed and stress is relieved, therefore the durability of modifier is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of modifier.    Combustion layer (1)    Modified layer (2)    Compressed tube (3)    Bellows (5)    Combustion gas inlet (11)    Container (H)    End faces (H3,H4)
NOVELTY - The method involves hydrolyzing alkaline earth metal hydride in the presence of a solution comprising an acid and water.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient amount of hydrogen is generated even at normal temperature.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas sensor of a metallic oxide semiconductor comprises a sensitive portion (6). A pair of electrodes for electrical resistance measurement is provided to the sensitive portion. The sensitive portion contains titanium oxide (TiO2) and at least one kind of strontium titanium oxide (SrTiO3) and barium titanium oxide (BaTiO3).    USE - For detecting high concentration of hydrogen gas in the heating gas for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas concentration is detected with the change in electrical resistance value. Hydrogen concentration is detected without saturating output in the high hydrogen atmosphere, where oxygen concentration is low. Destructive damage in such a strongly reducing atmosphere is not attained. Irreversible change in output is not generated. The sensor is used for a long period of time, and high concentration of the sensor is attained. Hydrogen concentration of the heating gas of a fuel cell is controlled, and stabilized running of the fuel cell is attained. Moldability and strength of the sensitive portion is improved, using a suitable binder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sensitive portion contains 0.02-2 mass% of palladium (Pd) and 0.01-1 mass% of platinum (Pt) to the total amount of TiO2, SrTiO3 and BaTiO3. The inner side of the sensitive portion contains at least one of colloidal silica, alumina sols and organic silica as a binder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen gas sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sensitive portion (6)
NOVELTY - The polycrystalline silicon contains gallium as a doping agent, and has mean particle diameter of 2 mm or more.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon wafer used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The resistivity inside the crystal grain is controlled accurately. The conversion efficiency of the solar battery cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Polycrystalline silicon wafer for solar batteries; and    (2) Solar battery cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of apparatus for growing polycrystalline silicon and temperature distribution of the furnace interior of the apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - 100 mass% of the lanthanum gallate-type sintered compact comprises 0.05-1.2 mass% of silicon components.    USE - For membrane reactor of fuel cell, sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The sintered compact excels in mechanical characteristics without impairing electrical properties such as oxygen ionic conductivity. The reliability of electrochemical device using lanthanum gallate-type sintered compact and the yield are improved.
NOVELTY - Catalyst layers (34,36) are divided and provided along the flow direction of the reformed gas. A heat transfer plate (38) heats the gas flowing at the downstream side of the catalyst layers by the heat of the starting material gas flowing at the upstream side of the catalyst layers.    USE - Reformer for fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits the degradation of the entrance side catalyst at high temperature and prevents the reduction of reaction efficiency due to the reduction of the temperature of the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of reformation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst layers (34,36)    Heat transfer plate (38)
NOVELTY - The repair method of the solar battery module sealed by a sealing material (103) comprising a thermoplastic resin, involves setting the melt flow rate of the sealing material to 5 or 35g/10 according to JIS K7210 test by applying a load of 21.18N at 190degreesC, and repairing the damage of a light receiving or non-light receiving surface (104) by heating.    USE - Used as a solar battery module sealed with photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The damage of the light receiving or non-light receiving surface by vibration or drop at the time of transportation is repaired by heating. By laminating a layer of high melting point resin or the sealing material, module can be used in high temperature environments. Reliability of the solar battery module after repair is improved and workability at the time of remelting the sealing material is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the typical conditions of damage solar battery module, solar battery module after repair. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sealing material (103)    Non-light receiving surface (104)
NOVELTY - Exhaust gas from a fuel cell electricity generating unit (G) is cooled, by preheating oxygen containing gas which is used for driving the electricity generating unit.    USE - Fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy cost by preheating drive fluid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell electricity generating unit (G)
NOVELTY - The fuel battery proton conductive film is obtained by carrying out sulfonation process and plasma discharge process at normal pressure on a proton conductive film (P).    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel battery proton conductive film is not damaged even when high speed sulfonation process is carried out. The fuel battery proton conductive film of sufficient hydrophilicity is obtained by an inexpensive process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Sulfonated processing method of a fuel battery proton conductive film;    (b) Fuel cells    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the processing device for plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure.    Proton conductive film (P)
NOVELTY - The catalyst ink (14) containing a catalyst is applied to a porous base material (50). The base material is joined with an electrolyte film (12) applied with the catalyst ink, by pressure application. Subsequently, the base material is peeled from the catalyst ink by pressure sending a fluid to the base material joined with the electrolyte film. The contact piece joins the electrode and the electrolyte film.    USE - For manufacture of electrode and electrolyte film contact piece for fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode and electrolyte film contact piece is produced efficiently. The contact piece does not produce damage to the electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for base material used for manufacture of electrode and electrolyte film contact piece.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of base material used for manufacturing electrode and electrolyte film contact piece.    Electrolyte film (12)    Catalytic reaction layer (14)    Base film (50)
NOVELTY - A continuous preparation of a transparent resin board comprises setting a photopolymerizing monomer composition transferred by supporting sheets by pre-setting process and post-setting process. The dose of active rays on the post-setting process is 1.5-20 times that on the pre-setting process.    USE - The transparent resin board is suitable for liquid crystals, a display board for organic EL, optical filter, an optical communication material and solar battery base.    ADVANTAGE - A transparent resin board having uniform and flat surface can be produced by a stable continuous method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A continuous preparation of a transparent resin board comprises a pre-setting process and a post-setting process. In the pre-setting process, a photopolymerizing monomer composition is fed on a transporting under supporting sheet, laminated with an upper supporting sheet which is transported in the same speed and same direction as those of the under supporting sheet, on the composition and exposed to active rays through the under or upper sheet. In the post-setting process, both supporting sheet are released and the composition is exposed to active rays whose dose is 1.5-20 times that on the pre-setting process.
NOVELTY - Production of a fuel gas comprises thermally cracking ammonia as primary energy carrier; and converting into molecular hydrogen and molecular nitrogen as fuel gas mixture by catalytic splitting.    USE - Used for an I.C. engine or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A high conversion is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a device for producing the fuel gas comprising a tank for liquid ammonia and a vaporizer connected to a thermal cracker; and a device for producing electrical, thermal or kinetic energy connected to the device for producing the fuel gas. Preferred Features: The ammonia is vaporized before the cracking process. The cracking process is carried out using a platinum and/or ruthenium catalyst material at 500-1500, preferably 800-1200degrees C.
NOVELTY - Interconnector has an oxidic protective layer based on manganese oxide and/or cobalt oxide applied on its surface.    USE - Used for high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The interconnector has good electrical conductivity and a long service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a fuel cell containing the interconnector;    (b) a fuel cell stack containing the fuel cell; and    (c) a process for producing the interconnector comprising applying a ceramic oxide based on manganese oxide and/or cobalt oxide to the interconnector.    Preferred Features: The oxidic protective layer is a manganese mixed oxide of formula: (Mn, M', M'') (where, M' = Mn, Cr, Co, Ti, Fe or Ni; and M'' = Mn, Cr, Co, Ti, Fe, Ni, V, Y, W, or lanthanide).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen sensor for detecting and measuring the amount of hydrogen has a dielectric material (3) such as air between an electrode (2) and a metal hydride film (1) which expands on absorption of hydrogen.    USE - For detecting the presence of hydrogen in the environment and measuring the amount of hydrogen used in chemical industry for production of ammonia, fertilizer, basic alcohol, hydrogen chloride and for reduction of ores and in oil refinery for manufacturing petroleum, hydrogenation of vegetable oils, etc. Also for space flight applications, vehicular propulsion system, microelectronic and metal interconnect processing and in fuel cell of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The measurement is very quick because of the extreme high speed of the reactions of hydrogenization and dehydrogenization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for detecting and measuring the amount of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the sensor comprising a substrate, a sensitive film, a dielectric layer and metal electrode.    Metal hydride film (1)    Electrode (2)    Dielectric material (3)
NOVELTY - The fuel processing system (10) has fuel processor (12) comprising reforming catalyst bed(s) for producing mixed gas stream from feed stream (16) containing carbon-containing feed stock (18), water (20) and odorant (26) and separation region for separating mixed gas stream into hydrogen rich stream (14) and byproduct stream.    USE - As fuel processing system for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Methanol and carbon-containing feed stocks are sufficiently free from compounds of sulfur, phosphorus, volatile heavy metals and heavy metals and hence the reforming catalyst is not poisoned. The odorant has strong and detectable odor, even when it is present in low concentration and hence leakage of feed stock is easily detected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel processing system has fuel processor for producing hydrogen stream containing hydrogen gas from feed stream containing carbon-containing feedstock, water and odorant. The fuel processor has reforming catalyst bed for producing a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases from feed stream and separation region for separating mixed gas stream into hydrogen-rich stream containing hydrogen gas and byproduct stream containing other gases. The product hydrogen stream is recovered from hydrogen-rich stream.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for feed stock for fuel processing system.
NOVELTY - Catalytic structures are manufactured by mixing an aqueous solution of a metal salt and a chemical control agent. The solution is evaporated, and mixed with a binder. The mixture is dried, pressed, and crystallized. Crystallization is carried out by raising the temperature at 500-1300 degrees C for 2-24 hours, and cooling to room temperature. The product is washed.    USE - Production of catalytic structures used as catalyst supports (claimed), for fuel cells, sensors, and electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces catalyst structures with high porosity, high specific surface area, high mechanical strength, and good thermal stability. It uses lower temperature equipment, and allows optimal control of the physical characteristics of the product.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of catalytic structures comprises mixing an aqueous solution of a metal salt and a chemical control agent to form an intermediate solution. The intermediate solution is evaporated to form an intermediate product. Evaporating is conducted in a controlled temperature process at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solution but lower than the temperature where significant crystal growth occurs. The intermediate product is mixed with a binder. The mixture is dried, and pressed into a desired shape. Crystallization is carried out by raising the temperature at 500-1300 degrees C for 2-24 hours, and cooling to room temperature. The product is washed.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalyst structure having a porosity of 30-70%, and a thermal stability such that less than 5% dimensional change occurs upon holding the structure at 1100 degrees C in an oxidizing atmosphere for 8 hours.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a scanning electron micrograph of a catalyst structure obtained by the above method.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen powered vehicle system has a fuel cell operatively connected with a hydrogen supply unit having hydrogen storage bed and heat source for releasing the stored hydrogen from bed. The heat source excludes the heat generated from the combustion of hydrogen.    USE - Hydrogen powered vehicle system.    ADVANTAGE - The relative cost of releasing hydrogen from hydrogen storage alloys is reduced by providing and/or utilizing secondary sources of heat to supply the heat of desorption of the stored hydrogen. The alloys have a remarkable hydrogen storage capacity of more than 7 weight% coupled with extraordinary absorption kinetics and cycle life of at least 2000 cycles without loss of capacity or kinetics.
NOVELTY - Fabric and aluminum layers (3,6) are respectively formed on upper and lower surface of substrate (1). A n and p type layers (2,5) are simultaneously formed from the fabric and aluminum layers. An antireflective layer (4) is formed on the n-type layer. After forming aluminum layer (6) and silver paste layer (10) on the p-type layer, the substrate (1) is baked and electrodes (7,8) are formed simultaneously in layers (4,6).    USE - For solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - As number of manufacturing process and materials are reduced, a highly reliable inexpensive solar battery without photo-degradation, is manufactured and productivity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the explanatory drawing of solar battery manufacture.    substrate (1)    n and p type layers (2,5)    fabric layer (3)    antireflective layer (4)    aluminum layer (6)    electrodes (7,8)    silver paste layer (10)
NOVELTY - The transparent electrically conductive film contains zinc oxide (ZnO) containing at least one kind of donor impurity, simultaneously added with cobalt or vanadium. The chemical property of ZnO is controlled without impairing a visible light transparency and electrical resistance largely.    USE - For display units, thin film solar batteries, and analog input transparent touch panels or transparent resistance panels.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electrically conductive film has improved acid-proof and alkaline resistance characteristics, without impairing electrical and optical characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Sintered compact; and    (2) Processing technique of transparent electrically conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the dependence of additional amount of cobalt on resistivity of film and etching velocity. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The transparent electrically conductive film contains zinc oxide (ZnO) containing at least one kind of donor impurity simultaneously added with chromium. The chemical property of ZnO is controlled without impairing a visible light transparency and electrical resistance largely.    USE - As transparent electrically conductive film used for display units, thin film solar batteries, and analog input transparent touch panels or transparent resistance panels.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electrically conductive film has improved acid-proof and alkaline resistance characteristics, without impairing electrical and optical characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Sintered compact; and    (2) Processing technique of transparent electrically conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the chromium additional amount dependence on resistivity of film and etching velocity. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen station (1) has a water electrolyzer (2) and hydrogen storage tanks (31-33) containing hydrogen occlusion material which occludes and releases hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water. A heater (4) for heating and raising internal pressure of tank (32) after hydrogen occlusion by the exhaust heat of electrolysis of water, is provided.    USE - For fuel cell of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen station provides high concentration of hydrogen easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline explanatory drawing of hydrogen station. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen station (1)    Water electrolyzer (2)    Heater (4)    Hydrogen storage tanks (31-33)
NOVELTY - The plasma containing silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4) and/or silane (SiH4) is generated in hydrogen atmosphere. SiF4 and/or SiH4 in the plasma is decomposed, such that silicon is formed on surface of a coating material.    USE - For coating high purity silicon for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The high purity silicon coating is easily and inexpensively produced with high product efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for high purity silicon coating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of reaction chamber of high purity silicon coating apparatus.
NOVELTY - The fuel modifier (26) includes several modification catalyst layer (114a-114e) arranged orthogonal to fuel flow direction. The flow path frames (118a-118e) are arranged at gas introduction side of catalyst layer for supplying the fuel. A net-shaped rectifier (120) welded with flow path frame, has higher density than the other portions of modifier.    USE - For modification of fuel containing hydrocarbon in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The welding of net-shaped rectifier is reliably and firmly performed to flow path frame, hence weld flow is prevented and welding is performed without pressure loss characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The net-shaped rectifier has inner and outer flanges (123,121) which are respectively provided at upper and lower side of catalyst layer. The density of net-shaped rectifier is higher at the edge of each flange.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel modifier.    Fuel modifier (26)    Catalyst layers (114a-114e)    Flow path frames (118a-118e)    Net-shaped rectifiers (120)    Flanges (121,123)
NOVELTY - A composition for sealing a solar battery consists of a polymer blend or a polymer alloy consisting of at least one polyolefinic copolymer and at least one crystalline polyolefin.    USE - The composition is used for sealing the solar battery and finds its applications in the solar battery module and the building material-integrated solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The polyolefinic copolymer has superior weather resistance and transparency. The crystalline polyolefin has heat resistance and mechanical strength. The resulting sealing material has superior weather resistance, transparency, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. The solar battery module has enhanced heat resistance, creep resistance, and scratch resistance. The building material-integrated solar battery module is used under severe conditions under high temperatures.
NOVELTY - A constituent part for a fuel cell leading to reduction of the assembly man-hour and having an electrolyte film prevented from wrinkling, comprising electrodes with catalyst provided on both sides of the electrolyte film and gas diffusion layers for promoting the diffusion of gas provided on both sides of the electrodes, wherein an integral part of the gas diffusion layers made of carbon fibers and impregnated with rubber and gaskets provided to the gas diffusion layers is joined by hot press to an integral part of the electrolytic film and the electrodes with catalyst.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell arrangement comprises a fuel cell module containing a fuel cell with a membrane-electrode unit (10) and a bipolar plate (15). The membrane-electrode unit forms a self-supporting unit with the bipolar plate.    USE - Used as a fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement has a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A single membrane-electrode unit and a single bipolar plate are mechanically clamped together to form the self-supporting unit. The clamp is a metal frame (1) having insulating elements (8) for electrically insulating against the bipolar plate. The fuel cell module contains PEM fuel cells and at least one HT-PEM fuel cell containing a single dissociating and/or autoprotolytic electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the membrane-electrode unit.    metal frame (1)    insulating elements (8)    membrane-electrode unit (10)    bipolar plate (15)
NOVELTY - A method for treating the surface of a stainless steel product for a fuel cell containing, in wt %, 0.15 % or less of C, 17 to 36 % of Cr, 0.005 to 3.5 % of B, which comprises the first step of forming in advance a passive film with an oxidizing acid on the surface of the stainless steel product, the second step of allowing an aqueous acid solution to corrode the passive film, to thereby project one or more of a M23C6 type carbide, a M23(C,B)6 type borocarbide and M2B type boride, which are inclusions having good electroconductivity, the third step of forming a passive coating film with an oxidizing acid on the surface of the steel product except that of the inclusion above projected, and the forth step of washing with water and drying. The method of treatment allows, without the use of a method requiring a high cost such as gold plating, the improvement in the contact resistance of the stainless steel product for a fuel cell, which results in the retention of excellent characteristics of a stainless steel product over a long period of time.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - Interconnector (1) comprises a device for controlling chemical reactions.    USE - Used for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The methane/steam reforming reaction is controlled. Peak temperatures are reduced and the service life of the fuel cell is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (a) a fuel cell containing the interconnector; (b) a fuel cell stack containing the fuel cell; and (c) a process for operating a fuel cell or fuel cell stack comprising introducing hydrocarbon-containing fuel (5) into the fuel cell or fuel cell stack; converting the fuel into hydrogen on a catalyst material (4); and converting the hydrogen into a current using an electrochemical reaction.    Preferred Features: The catalyst is made from nickel, cobalt or iron. A lattice (3) holds the catalyst material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the interconnector.    interconnector (1)    lattice (3)    catalyst material (4)    fuel (5)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell unit has a cell structure in which a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer are arranged in this order on both main surfaces of an electrolytic film containing proton-conductive gel particles.    USE - Fuel cell production.    ADVANTAGE - Because power is generated at a higher operation temperature than that for a conventional solid polymer fuel cell, fuel cells comprising proton-conductive gel as electrolyte have been researched in recent years. There have been problems such as an increase in the mixture quantity of an anode gas causing a cathode gas and a decrease in the generation efficiency during operation of the fuel cell because of the risk of cracks in generation of electrolytic gel. These problems are solved by a fuel cell unit in which electrolytic gel containing proton-conductive gel particles is retained in a porous sheet and at least either the catalytic layer or the gas diffusion layer has pores smaller than the electrolytic gel.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell pressurization system has a fuel cell (98), a compressor-expander (70), an ejector (1), and a steam boiler (94).    USE - The invented pressurization system for fuel cell power plants is particularly useful for automotive applications.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is more compact and energy efficient than comparable electrically based pressurization systems when incorporated into the fuel cell reformation and water management systems as a whole.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell pressurization system comprises a fuel cell, a compressor-expander, an ejector, and a steam boiler. Pressurized and energetic products of reaction from the fuel cell are conducted through a conduit (86) to the primary fluid inlet conduit (2) of a compressor-expander. They are de-energized and discharged from the system. The primary fluid imparts its energy on a reactant-rich secondary fluid which is introduced to the compressor-expander through a secondary fluid inlet conduit (3) and compressed in the compressor-expander and discharges into an ejector through a secondary fluid inlet conduit. The ejector is energized by steam conducted to the primary fluid inlet conduit and provided by a boiler. The reactant-rich secondary fluid is further pressurized in the ejector and has the mixture of the steam primary fluid and the reactant rich secondary fluid discharged through an outlet conduit (4) into the fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for pressurizing a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the fuel-cell pressurization system.    ejector (1)    fluid inlet conduits (2,3)    outlet conduit (4)    compressor-expander (70)    conduit (86)    steam boiler (94)    fuel cell (98)
NOVELTY - The fuel comprises hydrocarbon compound with saturated portion (in volume%) (50 or more), aromatic portion (50 or less), mono-ring aromatic (30 or less), bi-ring aromatic (15 or less), 3 or more ring aromatic (10 or less) and olefin content (5 or less). The distillation initial boiling point is 130 degrees Celsius or more.    USE - For fuel-cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel has high output and electrical energy with low degradation ratio. The fuel cell has favorable handle ability, storage stability and flashing point.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of steam reforming type fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel comprises hydrocarbon oil (5 volume% or more) and oxygen containing compounds (0.5-20 mass%) by oxygen element conversion. The initial distillation boiling point, 10 volume% distillation temperature(DT), 90 volume% DT, 95 volume% DT, and distillation end point of oil in distillation curve are 130-250 degrees Celsius, 140-290 degrees Celsius, 240-390 degrees Celsius, 250-400 degrees Celsius and 260-410 degrees Celsius respectively.    USE - For fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel has favorable handleability and storage stability. The fuel cell system has high electrical energy output with less evaporation emission and performance degradation ratio.
NOVELTY - The fuel comprises hydrocarbon compound having initial distillation boiling point of more than 100 degrees Celsius. The hydrocarbon compound comprises (in vol%) saturation portion (70 or more), aromatics (30 or less), olefin (4 or less) and naphthene (35 or less).    USE - For fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel has favorable handleability and storage stability. The fuel cell systems have high electrical energy output with less evaporation emission and performance degradation ratio.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of steam reforming type fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen permeation layer comprises oxides of silicon and zirconium. Fluorine is provided on the surface of the hydrogen permeation layer.    USE - For fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reliable manufacture of hydrogen permeation material having excellent characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen permeation material manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of the hydrogen permeation material evaluating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - New laminate comprises: (i) a layer of amorphous silicon, polysilicon or polycrystalline compounds; (ii) a liquid crystal polymer film; and (iii) an electrical conductive layer. The liquid crystal polymer shows optical anisotropic property when it is melted.    USE - The laminate is used in flexible solar cells used for calculators, watches, houses or streetlights.    ADVANTAGE - The new laminate is flexible, having higher heat resistance and dimensional stability, lower water absorptivity, and excellent water vapor barrier performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: (1) a solar cell that comprises an electricity generating layer of the amorphous silicon, polysilicon, or polycrystalline compounds; and (2) a solar cell that comprises a liquid crystal polymer film, a conductive layer, an electricity generating layer and a transparent electrode.
NOVELTY - The contact piece of water repellent porous material and cation exchange membrane is contacted with a mixed solution of alcohol and water comprising cationic complex of platinum. The contact piece is again contacted with a mixed solution of alcohol and water comprising boron-hydride compound.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient amount of catalyst is maintained on the contact piece, by reducing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) Ion exchange membrane and cathode contact piece;    (b) Fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen release equilibrium temperature pressure of supplement hydrogen occlusion alloy at the starting time of exterior load is set higher than main hydrogen occlusion alloy and the stop time is increased for main alloy.    USE - For supplying hydrogen gas to exterior loads such as fuel cell and hydrogen engine.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size and weight of hydrogen supply apparatus, moving bodies such as vehicle body. No need to start separately at low temperature and special control apparatus is not needed. Reliable starting at short period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The main hydrogen occlusion alloy and supplement hydrogen occlusion alloy are accommodated in single tank or separate tanks (61) connected mutually.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of hydrogen supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tanks (61)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive paste (25) is provided on a side of a cooling plate (5) provided on upper and lower surfaces of a product layered unit (8). On the side of the paste, a short circuit jig (20) is provided. The short circuit jig is fixed to the cooling plate, by a stopping unit (21).    USE - For power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Since short circuit jig is reliably fixed, the flexibility with respect to creep deformation is achieved. The stopping unit is simple in manufacture, thus cost reduction is achieved. The crack and notch of the short circuit jig by impulse force are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell faulty unit processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the processing apparatus of faulty unit of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cooling plate (5)    Product layered unit (8)    Short circuit jig (20)    Stopping unit (21)    Electroconductive paste (25)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen occlusion and proton formation layer (7) dissociates the hydrogen gas produced during electrolysis of water in an electrolysis tank (3), into electron and proton. An oxygen route (12) leads the oxygen gas produced during electrolysis to an oxygen electrode. The electrolysis tank, the proton formation layer, the oxygen route and a proton conductor layer (8) are accommodated in a single casing (2).    USE - Electrical energy generator system    ADVANTAGE - Since all the units are accommodated in single casing, electrical energy generation system of simple structure is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross sectional view of electrical energy generation system.    Casing (2)    Electrolysis tank (3)    Proton formation layer (7)    Proton conductor layer (8)    Oxygen route (12)
NOVELTY - A detachable filter (5) containing hydrogen occlusion alloy, is attached in a pipe (4) that connects a hydrogen storage tank (3) and a hydrogen gas injection nozzle (6).    USE - For filling hydrogen gas in hydrogen storage tank of fuel cell used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As the impurities in the gas are adsorbed by the hydrogen occlusion alloy in the filter, the hydrogen occlusion alloy in the storage tank is protected reliably. As the hydrogen occlusion alloy in the filter is exchanged, the need for exchanging expensive hydrogen occlusion alloy in the storage tank is prevented. As the filter is exchanged easily, the hydrogen gas filling process is performed cheaply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen gas filling method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the hydrogen gas filling apparatus.    Hydrogen storage tank (3)    Pipe (4)    Filter (5)    Hydrogen gas injection nozzle (6)
NOVELTY - The outer wall panel (6) contains two sheets of board opposing mutually and forming a closed space. The panel (6) is equipped with a hydrogen gas injecting nozzle (7) and hydrogen gas feed zone (8). A hydrogen occlusion material equipped inside the closed space.    USE - For electronic device (claimed) such as electrical energy generating element and as hydrogen energy supply source to motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Space saving for electronic device is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the electronic device using the outer wall panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of outer wall panel.    Outer wall panel (6)    Hydrogen gas injecting nozzle (7)    Hydrogen gas feed zone (8)
NOVELTY - An electrical energy generation apparatus (20) transforms the external force energy added to a suspension apparatus of a vehicle, into electrical energy which is used for electrolysis of water in an electrolyzer. A hydrogen storage container stores the hydrogen formed after electrolysis.    USE - For motor vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The energy generation and storage system is utilized effectively without wasting the mechanical force by human activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of suspension apparatus equipped with electrical generation apparatus.    Electrical energy generation apparatus (20)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has a heating furnace (24) for heating gas rich in hydrocarbon group fuel and oxygen, and water, which is arranged at the periphery of a reformer (8). The reformer produces a gas rich in hydrogen by the modification reaction of gas rich in hydrocarbon group fuel and oxygen, and water.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has high thermal efficiency. The apparatus greatly reduces the usage of heat insulating material or its thickness. The apparatus is compact and easily detects the gas leakage, ensuring a high safety. The apparatus responds to rapid load change, so rapid starting is obtained. The apparatus reduces the heat loss in the piping portion connecting a reformer and a heating furnace.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a structural drawing showing the reformer of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    Reformer (8)    Heating furnace (24)
NOVELTY - The method involves irradiating laser beams onto a transparent electrode film (F1) laminated onto an amorphous semiconductor film or electrode film (F2), to form groove. The intensity of laser beam is varied, such that the laser beam intensity distribution is perpendicular to the groove.    USE - Used for manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves optoelectric conversion efficiency of battery, without degrading element characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the laser etching process during solar battery manufacture.    Electrode films (F1,F2)
NOVELTY - Control valves (82,83a,83b) are respectively provided to the supply lines (61,62) which supply oxygen and nitrogen gas to a modifier (5) from an air compressor (21). The control valve (82) is closed during inert gas supply. A controller (81) controls open/close of the control valves, when abnormality condition is judged.    USE - Fuel cell for use in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - By controlling the control valve during abnormality condition, the operation efficiency of the vehicle is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Vehicle stop method;    (b) Modifier    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (5)    Air compressor (21)    Supply lines (61,62)    Controller (81)    Control valves (82,83a,83b)
NOVELTY - Regulators (4,11-13) regulate supply of hydrogen gas from a hydrogen chamber (2) to a reaction chamber (1), so that predetermined range of voltage is generated. A multilayered structure (9) including a hydrogen electrode film (7) and a proton conductive material film (8) is formed on the reaction chamber.    USE - For motor vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Generating efficiency of electrical energy is improved without increasing cost, since hydrogen gas is not wasted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal cross-sectional view of electrical energy generation element.    Reaction chamber (1)    Hydrogen chamber (2)    Regulators (4,11,12,13)    Hydrogen electrode film (7)    Proton conductive material film (8)    Multilayered structure (9)
NOVELTY - A redox flow battery is equipped with an electrolyte tank (32) and a cell (31) which performs charging and discharging. Piping (33a,33b) are provided to connect the electrolyte tank and the cell for passing electrolyte. The piping are provided with portions (A,B) for ventilation to warm air.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Redox flow battery which are efficiently operated at normal temperature (30-45 degreesC), is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of redox flow battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cell (31)    Electrolyte tank (32)    Piping (33a,33b)    Portions for ventilation (A,B)
NOVELTY - A new proton conducting membrane comprises polyethylene glycol or its derivatives-(A) and sulfonated polyarylene-(B).    USE - For primary or secondary batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, display devices, sensors, ion exchange membranes, sensors, or signal conducting media.    ADVANTAGE - The new membrane has a higher proton conductivity and good adhesion to base materials or electrodes, having higher mechanical strength.
NOVELTY - Solar collector element comprises an absorber part (10) and a pipe for a heat carrier liquid connected to the absorber part on a first side (B). The absorber part consists of a composite material with a metallic support (1) and an optically active coating on a second side (A) on the support. The coating consists of layer system (3) made up of an upper dielectric layer (4), a middle layer (5) made from an oxidic, fluoridic or nitridic layer of formulae MeOz, MeFr or MeNs having a refractive index n of less than 1.8, preferably a chromium oxide layer CrOx, and a lower layer (6) made from gold, silver, chromium, aluminum and/or molybdenum (where x, z, r and s = a stochiometric or non-stochiometric ratio in the oxides, fluorides or nitrides).    USE - Used for recovering energy from sun rays.    ADVANTAGE - The element has high light absorption and a high degree of reflection.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The upper layer is a silicon oxide layer. An intermediate layer (2) is applied on a substrate (1) below the layer system. The substrate is made from aluminum. The layer system is applied by sputtering, CVD, PECVD or by vaporizing from a thermal source.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar collector element.    substrate (1)    intermediate layer (2)    layer system (3)    upper dielectric layer (4)    middle layer (5)    lower layer (6)    absorber part (10)    upper side (A)    lower side (B)
NOVELTY - A method of synthesizing colloidal nanocrystals, comprising combining a metal oxide or metal salt precursor, a ligand and a coordinating solvent to form a metal complex and admixing an elemental chalcogenic precursor with the metal complex at a temperature sufficient to form nanocrystals.    USE - The crystals are of great interest for fundamental research and technical applications e.g., solar cells, LED's, catalysis and biological labelling reagents.    ADVANTAGE - The method for producing the nanocrystals uses inexpensive, non-pyrophoric materials, common, safe and low-cost precursors and the size, size distribution and shape of the nanocrystals can be well controlled during the growth stage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of synthesizing colloidal nanocrystals, comprising:    (1) combining a metal oxide or metal salt precursor, a ligand and a coordinating solvent to form a metal complex; and,    (2) admixing an elemental chalcogenic precursor with the metal complex at a temperature sufficient to form nanocrystals.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) A biological labeling reagent produced by the method above;    (b) An LED produced by the method above;    (c) A solar cell produced by the method above; and,    (d) A catalyst produced by the method above.
NOVELTY - The supported tungsten carbide material comprises a tungsten carbide present on the surface of high-area-support. The tungsten carbide consists of tungsten and carbon and has X-ray diffraction pattern containing a primary X-ray diffraction peak, and secondary X-ray diffraction peaks (I,II). The high-area-support consists of carbon or alumina.    USE - As catalyst for conversion of methane to synthesis gas via steam reforming and dry reforming, and for water gas shift reactions, and for oxidation of hydrogen gas at room temperature for low temperature fuel cell applications such as polymer electrolyte film, sulfuric acid and direct methanol type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The tungsten carbide material has unique structure as defined by its X-ray diffraction pattern and consists of extremely small crystallites. The tungsten carbide material is supported on a high-surface-area support to allow for greater number of active sites for catalysis. The tungsten carbide is uniformly dispersed on carbon support.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The primary X-ray diffraction peak has a reflection angle corresponding to d-spacing of 2.39+/-0.02 Angstrom, and the secondary X-ray diffraction peak (I) has reflection angle corresponding to d-spacing of 1.496+/-0.007 Angstrom and relative peak height of 25-40% of peak height of primary X-ray diffraction peak. The secondary X-ray diffraction peak (II) has a reflection angle corresponding to d-spacing of 1.268+/-0.005 Angstrom and a relative peak height of 35-55% of peak height of primary X-ray diffraction peak. The composition of the material is represented by the formula WC1-x, where x is 0-0.5. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for formation of supported tungsten carbide material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows X-ray diffraction pattern of supported tungsten carbide material.
NOVELTY - A crystalline graphitic nanofiber comprising graphite sheets perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nanofiber, is produced by reacting a mixture of carbon monoxide/hydrogen in the presence of iron:copper bimetallic catalyst in powder form at 550-670degreesC (perpendicular sheets) or 670-725degreesC (parallel sheets).    USE - For producing a crystalline graphitic nanofibers for use in storing molecular hydrogen, as catalyst supports, as reinforcing components for polymeric composites, and in batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The invention produces graphite nanofibers which are flexible with regard to modification of surface chemistry and which have more than 95% crystallinity. It produces thick layers of surface oxides without damaging the fiber structures, and increases the spacing between the graphite sheets by intercalation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a crystalline graphitic carbon nanofiber comprising graphite sheets perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nanofibers, and having a crystallinity of more than 95%. The distance between graphite sheets is 0.335-0.67 nm.
NOVELTY - A solar cell substrate has irregularities on a surface in contact with a photo-electric conversion layer. Light is incident on the substrate on the side of the irregularities. A height of the irregularities is set so that a root mean square height is 15-600 nm, and tantheta is 0.1-0.3, theta is an angle of incline of a surface of irregularities with respect to an average line of the irregularities.    USE - The solar cell substrate (11) is used in thin-film solar cell (claimed) useful as a replacement energy source for fossil fuel, e.g. petroleum.    ADVANTAGE - The invention inexpensively provides solar cells having stable and high photo-electric conversion efficiency. It can be manufactured at low cost with sufficient light-trapping effect without increasing defect density in a crystalline semiconductor layer. The improved photo-electric conversion efficiency enables the photo-electric conversion layer to have a thinner thickness. As a result, much less deposit time and much less manufacturing cost are required for the photo-electric conversion layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the thin-film solar cell.    Solar cell substrate (11)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises p-type and n-type semiconductor layers made of first compound semiconductor material, and a semiconductor layer (3) between the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer includes at least a quantum well layer that is made of second compound semiconductor material and has projections of at least two different sizes.    USE - As solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and a simplified manufacturing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process of manufacturing a solar cell comprising:    (i) forming a semiconductor base layer on a p-type or n-type semiconductor layer (2, 4) of a first compound semiconductor material;    (ii) forming a quantum well layer (3a) of a second compound semiconductor material providing projections (12) of at least two different sizes on the semiconductor base layer;    (iii) forming a semiconductor cap layer (3b) of the first compound semiconductor material on the quantum well layer; and    (iv) forming an n-type or p-type semiconductor layer of the first compound material semiconductor on the semiconductor cap layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a view schematically illustrating a basic structure of a solar cell.    p-type or n-type semiconductor layer (2, 4)    Semiconductor layer (3)    Quantum dot layer (3a)    Cap layer (3b)    Projections (12)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric material comprises a semiconductor and an organic photosensitizing dye. The dye comprises a conjugated portion, and is capable of complexing to a transition metal. The dye is attached to semiconductor through two or more attachment functions, each being separated from conjugated portion of dye by a linkage group that is not in conjugation with conjugated portion of dye.    USE - As sensitizers for a photoelectrochemical cell, a solar cell and a photodiode (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric materials are efficient organic spectral sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. The organic spectral sensitizers have greater light harvesting ability than transition metal complexes. The dyes enable the use of a thinner layer of the solid semiconductor material and allow greater control over the spectral region of absorption by the sensitizer in solar cell. The sensitizer are attached to the semiconductor solid substrates through at least two linkage functions, and can form efficient coating on semiconductor of less than 4 mum. The sensitizers are also useful in single use diodes such as fluorescing single use insecticide sensors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Photoelectrochemical cell which comprises photoelectric material and an electrode electrically connected to photoelectric material;    (2) Solar cell which comprises photoelectric material on a first conductive layer, a conductive medium for charge transport provided on photoelectric material and an electrode attached to conductive medium; and,    (3) Photodiode which comprises photoelectric material on a first conductive layer, a conductive medium for charge transport provided on photoelectric material and an electrode attached to conductive medium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the absorbance of single, monomeric dyes on 4 mu thick polycrystalline titania layers.
NOVELTY - Patterned layer formation method involves patterning anti-reflective coating layer such that measured line width of patterned target layer equals target while patterning blanket target layer.    USE - For forming patterned layer in fabrication of microelectronic devices including integrated circuit, solar cell optoelectronic devices, ceramic substrate devices, sensor image array optoelectronic devices, display image array optoelectronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming patterned layer with enhanced critical dimension control.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A blanket target layer (12), a blanket organic anti-reflective coating (ARC) layer (14) and a patterned photoresist layer (16) are formed on a substrate (10). The blanket ARC layer is patterned by providing organic containing species whose concentration is adjusted to equalize the measured and target line widths of the photoresist layer, such that the measured line width of the patterned target layer equals the target while patterning the blanket layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of microelectronic device.    Substrate (10)    Blanket target layer (12)    Blanket organic ARC layer (14)    Patterned photoresist layer (16)
NOVELTY - A titanium-vanadium-chromium system hydrogen occluding alloy with the main phase made of micro crystals whose average diameter is not greater than 40 micron, which are covered with a Ti-N compound layer with a Cu enriched zone around their boundary. The alloy shows high resistance against oxidation even after repeated occluding and discharging hydrogen.    USE - Used as a hydrogen holder, a medium for refining or isolating hydrogen, a static compressor, and as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Owing to Ti-Ni covering layer and Cu enriched zone that relaxes stress on it powdering of the alloy is suppressed and after repeated occluding and discharging of hydrogen its oxidation resistance can not be deteriorated without activation treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composition of the alloy is expressed as TiaV(1-a-b-c-d)CrbAcBd, where (A) is at least one of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Zn, Zr, Mo, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Al, Si, C, N, P, and B, (B) is at least one metal element of lanthanoids and Y, (a) is not less than 0.2 and not greater than 0.5, (b) is not less than 0.1 and not greater than 0.4, (c) is not less than 0.01 and not greater than 0.2, and (d) is not less than 0.001 and not greater than 0.03. INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are included for Cu and Ni layers on its micro crystals including their concentration.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor for a photoelectric conversion material is sensitized by an organic metal complex.    USE - The semiconductor is used for a photoelectric conversion material and finds its application in the photoelectric converter for use in the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the organic metal complex improves photoelectric conversion efficiency and provides a semiconductor electrode with enhanced stability (life). The photoelectric converter has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and superior durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic metal complex has an ionic coordinate bond formed of a nitrogen anion and a metal cation and a coordinate bond formed between a nitron atom or a chalcogen atom and a metal cation.
NOVELTY - The fuel modification catalyst comprises alloy element(s) chosen from groups VIII, IX, X, XII and XIII of the periodic table.    USE - Used in fuel reformer which produces hydrogen containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modification catalyst has high activity, and selectivity in water vapor modification reaction. The compact fuel reformer using the catalyst has high durability. Fuel containing organic compounds like methanol, are reformed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of fuel modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - The catalyst precursor has a characteristic structure order of hydroxy double salt type. The catalyst precursor comprises copper-zinc composite metal, formed by stirring copper oxide, water-soluble zinc, or zinc oxide and water-soluble copper salt, in aqueous solution.    USE - For producing hydrogen from methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Methanol modification catalyst has high catalytic activity, even at low temperatures. The catalyst shows favorable selectivity and activity even at 300 degrees C. Reforming of methanol is carried out with high efficiency, and hydrogen is produced from methanol, effectively. The catalyst has sufficient reproducibility, and environmental pollution is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Filtration and washing of the precipitate formed from the copper-zinc group, is carried out producing copper-zinc composite metal hydroxide. Copper zinc group catalyst is obtained by solid-phase crystallization method. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Catalyst for methanol steam reforming; and    (2) Manufacturing method of catalyst for methanol steam reforming.
NOVELTY - Urea is added as a precipitating agent to a mixed solution containing metal ion M with copper and/or zinc, and a precipitate is formed by changing pH and stirring the mixed solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed, heated and dried, to obtain uniformly dispersed crystalline spherical particles of copper-zinc metal hydroxide.    USE - As spherical microparticle catalyst precursor for methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The spherical microparticle catalyst precursor for methanol reforming, has a high methanol conversion ratio even at comparatively low temperatures. High-efficiency methanol reforming is favored without forming toxic by-product such as carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst is prepared as a precursor of copper-zinc group or copper-zinc M group obtained by solid phase crystallizing method. Urea is added, as a precipitating agent, to a mixed solution containing metal ion M with copper and/or zinc. The metal ion is chosen from aluminum, chromium, gallium, iron, manganese, cerium, lanthanum, lead and/or gold. pH of the mixed solution is altered, and a precipitate is formed by stirring the solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed, heated and dried, to obtain uniformly dispersed crystalline spherical particles of copper-zinc metal hydroxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Catalyst for methanol steam reforming; and    (2) Manufacture of spherical microparticle catalyst precursor for methanol steam reforming.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor is formed by adsorbing pigment (A) to semiconductor.    USE - The semiconductor is used for the photoelectric converter and finds is used in photoelectric converter and the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor has superior photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability. The same is true for the photoelectric converter and the solar battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor is formed by adsorbing pigment (A) to semiconductor. The pigment consists of formula (A).    D = pigment residue formed by removing k pieces of optional substituents or hydrogens from pigment;    k = 1-10;    L = single bond or divalent linkage groups;    Ra = H or substituent;    B = anion;    n = 2 or 3;    when n is 3, B is anion and has counter cation required for neutralizing electrical charge.
NOVELTY - Disproportionation reaction of a trialkoxy silane is carried out to form tetra alkoxy silane and silane compound. The tetra alkoxy silane obtained during disproportionation reaction is converted into trialkoxy silane.    USE - For solar batteries and semiconductor industries.    ADVANTAGE - The method is safe, since harmful halide compounds are not used. The method is inexpensive, removes impurities in alkoxy silane compound, and increases yield of silane by converting tetra alkoxy silane into trialkoxy silane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of trialkoxy silane which involves reacting tetra alkoxy silane in presence of silicon, hydrogen and a catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of manufacture of silane compound. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A gas barrier film A and a gas barrier film B are provided on both the surfaces of a plastic sheet, respectively. A conductive film C is provided on the gas barrier film A. The results form a plastic laminate.    USE - The plastic substrate (the plastic laminate) is used for an organic electroluminescent display panel, touch panel, optical disk for memory, recording, solar battery panel, especially, low-birefringence optical member, particularly for liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic laminate substrate has superior shape stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Thickness, a, b, and p of the A, the B, and the C, respectively are satisfied with equation (1).    a + ( p /500 ) at most b at most a + ( p / 10 ) (1)    a, b, p = thickness of A, B, P, respectively.
NOVELTY - A transparent soft resin composition is film-deposited to form a sealing film. The transparent soft resin composition consists of an expandable adhesive resin composition foamed by heating.    USE - The sealing film is used for the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The irregular surface of the sealing film formed by foaming exhibits light scattering. The sealing film for the solar battery provides irregular reflection to incident light at the portions except the cell. The resulting light is again incident on the cell. The result provides the light incident on the solar battery with high utilization factor to enhance power generation efficiency.
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer comprises a catalyst combustion section (33) in which the combustion catalyst (10) is distributed such that the catalyst in the downstream side of the combustion section becomes denser, to maintain uniform temperature in the catalyst combustion section.    USE - For forming hydrogen required for fuel cell used in general power supplies and electric vehicle by modification reaction of a hydrocarbon or alcohol starting material.    ADVANTAGE - The starting time of the fuel reformer is shortened. The fuel reformer life span reduction is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst combustion section comprises of bypass flow paths for passing pre-mixed gases of fuel and air. The bypass flow paths are arranged without contacting the combustion catalyst present in the catalyst combustion section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the catalyst combustion section and the feed zone. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion catalyst (10)    Fuel supply holes (11)    Fuel feed zone (32)    Catalyst combustion section (33)
NOVELTY - A plastic sheet has dimensional change of within plus or minus 0.02 % between each before and after three heat-cycling tests in which the plastic sheet is heated at 150 degreesC for 3 hours in the air and left at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week.    USE - The plastic sheet is useful for plastic laminates having gas-barrier layer, a cured film and/or a conductive film. The plastic sheet is useful for an organic electric luminescent display panel, a touch panel, an optical disc, a panel for solar battery, low double refractive optical components, especially liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic sheet has good dimensional stability    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a plastic sheet which has a dimensional change of within plus or minus 0.02 % between each before and after three hot water cycling tests in which the plastic sheet is dipped in a water held at 40 degreesC for 1 hour and left at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week; and a plastic sheet which is produced by photo-polymerizing and by curing a polymerizing composition with active energy rays in the presence of a radically polymerizing initiator.
NOVELTY - The back-side sealing film (3) consists of polyethylene terephthalate film whose thickness is 7% or more of total thickness, and contains polymer with 18500-40000 number molecular weight laminated to a gas barrier layer.    USE - For solar battery (claimed) used in electronic components e.g. watch, calculator, mobile telephone, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Back-side sealing film has high reflecting rate, hydrolyzable resistance, heat resistance and weather resistance. Is excellent in reducing leakage current and has light-weight property. The sealing film has favorable mechanical characteristics and is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar battery which uses the solar battery back-side sealing film.    Back-side sealing film (3)
NOVELTY - An AgIn electrode (6) contains silver powder and indium powder of ratio 1:4, and cellulose-acetate-butylate group resin.    USE - Electrode for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an electrode with excellent electric conduction property, flexibility, reliability and prolonged life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor electrode manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solar battery with electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    AgIn electrode (6)
NOVELTY - The waste water mixed with organic compound of different content ratio levels, is supplied to a treatment tank (10) to generate bio-gas (BG). A monitoring unit (16) detects amount of BG generated in tank to output a signal. A controller (17) adjusts mixing ratio of waste water and organic compounds, based on signal output from (16), so that BG generated in the tank is adjusted to preset level.    USE - In bio-gas generating device for fuel cell installation (claimed). For generating bio-gas e.g. methane from waste water of breweries, in power plant using fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - By adjusting the level of bio-gas generated in waste water treatment tank to a preset level, stable power generation is enabled and the durability of power plant is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell installation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of methane fermentation processing device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Waste water treatment tank (10)    Monitoring unit (16)    Controller (17)
NOVELTY - A gas burner (12) controls amount of supply of heating gas to a modifier (3) for converting heating gas to hydrogen for supplying to a fuel cell (6). Amount of flow of remnant gas from fuel cell and combustion quantity of heating gas in gas burner are controlled. Supply of heating gas to modifier is controlled based on amount of remnant gas supply from fuel cell.    USE - For starting operation of fuel cell system using hydrogen for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conservation is achieved. Stable rated output of fuel cell is attained quickly and easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation starting device of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic components of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    Fuel cell (6)    Gas burner (12)
NOVELTY - The oxygen electrode plate and airflow path plate (26) are bonded such that each opening (29) of airflow path plate connect with the openings of oxygen electrode plate to form an airflow path between them.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has simple structure and the electric power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the bottom planar view of airflow path forming plate.    Airflow path plate (26)    Opening (29)
NOVELTY - Glass-less flexible solar laminate has a permanently elastic self adhesive layer on its rear side in which flat electrical lines (5) for connecting to a roof or facade and additional lines (6) for wiring are embedded.    USE - Used on roofs and facades for converting daylight into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The laminate can be easily installed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar laminate.    Rubber adhesive (2)    Foam (4)    Flat electrical lines (5)    Additional lines (6)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide is removed from a gas stream by feeding a gas stream impinged with carbon monoxide through a gas purification device; and removing the carbon monoxide from the gas stream by adsorption on the working electrode (3). A current flow is passed between a working electrode and a counter electrode (4). The carbon monoxide is oxidized to carbon dioxide on the working electrode.    USE - Used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a long service life and requires little or no maintenance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for removing carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising a membrane (2) having a working electrode (3) on one side and a counter electrode (4) spaced from the working electrode by the membrane. The working electrode contains a material which adsorbs carbon monoxide. The counter electrode has a region separated by the current flow formed as a reference electrode (5). Preferred Features: A constant electrical potential is applied to the reference electrode. The electrical potential is 1200-1700 mV.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell system.    Membrane (2)    Working electrode (3)    Counter electrode (4)    Reference electrode (5)
NOVELTY - A film (9) is formed, irradiated and contacted with a liquid comprising a polymerizable monomer. Polymerization is performed and a functional group that gives ionic conductivity to the film is introduced to form a solid electrolyte film (9A). A marking (9x) for testing degradation is made on the film (9). During irradiation or liquid contact process, degradation of the marked portion is tested.    USE - Fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of solid electrolyte film is precisely monitored during the manufacturing process so up gradation of electrolyte film is enabled and degradation of electrolyte film is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for film for solid electrolyte films.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of production fuel cell using solid electrolyte film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Film (9)    Solid electrolyte film (9A)    Marking (9x)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is generated in an electrolytic cell (12) containing an electrolyte such as water or aqueous sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 1 % (m/v). The electric current required for electrolysis is supplied from a battery of the vehicle. The hydrogen generated in the electrolytic cell, is supplied to the engine.    USE - For supplying hydrogen as a fuel to a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides ecological benefits, by replacing the liquid fuel by hydrogen. Improves safety by generating hydrogen as and when required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel supply apparatus for vehicle engine; and    (2) vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the longitudinal sectional view of the fuel supply apparatus.    electrolytic cell (12)
NOVELTY - Production of solar cells from crystalline silicon comprises locally applying a masking paste (2) on one side of the silicon substrate (1); drying; carrying out dopant diffusion, where the conductivity type of the dopant is opposite to that of the base doping of the substrate; and applying electrical contacts (4, 5) so that at least one section of the contacts is electrically isolated from the rest of the contact by the paste.    USE - Used for producing solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Short circuiting is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The masking paste is locally applied to both sides of the substrate and dried. Holes are formed in the flat parts which are not provided with masking paste. The paste contains transition metal oxides.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar cell.    silicon substrate (1)    masking paste (2)    electrical contacts (4, 5)
NOVELTY - Multi crystalline laser-crystallized silicon thin layer solar cell comprises a 2 microns thick laser-crystallized multi crystalline silicon layer (b1, b2); an n-doped (alternatively p-doped) silicon layer (c) lying on the silicon layer (b1, b2) and acting as an emitter layer; and a back-reflecting contact layer (A1) as upper electrode.    USE - Used in a thin layer solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Multi crystalline laser-crystallized silicon thin layer solar cell comprises a 2 microns thick laser-crystallized multi crystalline silicon layer (b1, b2); an n-doped (alternatively p-doped) silicon layer (c) lying on the silicon layer (b1, b2) and acting as an emitter layer; and a back-reflecting contact layer (A1) as upper electrode. The lower region (b1) of the silicon layer is p-doped (alternatively n-doped), is located on the glass substrate (a) and acts as a nucleation layer and a lower transparent electrode, and the second region (b2) is p-doped (alternatively n-doped), is less than the nucleation layer and acts as an absorber layer. The lateral edge length of the crystals in the multi crystalline layer is more than the thickness of this layer and the grain boundaries of the crystals run through the silicon layer. Preferred Features: The emitter layer is 5-100 nm thick and is created so that the large crystals of the silicon layer comprising the nucleation layer and absorber layer continue through the emitter layer or the crystals of the emitter layer lie in the region of 5-500 nm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar cell.    glass substrate (a)    laser-crystallized multi crystalline silicon layer (b1, b2)    n- or p-doped silicon layer (c)
NOVELTY - A solar cell includes a layer A between first and second semiconductor layers. The layer A is made of an insulator or a semiconductor different from the semiconductor layers.    USE - Used as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention achieves high conversion efficiency with reduced damage to the semiconductor layer serving as the light-absorption layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell comprises a first semiconductor layer (13) that is p-type, and a second semiconductor layer (15) that is n-type formed over the first semiconductor layer. The solar cell includes a layer A (14) between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer. The layer A is made of an insulator or a semiconductor different from the semiconductor layers. A band gap Eg1 of the first semiconductor layer is less than a band gap Eg2 of the second semiconductor layer. The difference between the electron affinities of the first and second semiconductor layers is 0 to less than 0.5. An average layer thickness of the layer A is at least1 nm or at most20 nm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of solar cell.    First semiconductor layer (13)    Layer A (14)    Second semiconductor layer (15)
NOVELTY - An intermediate layer containing p-type or n-type impurity is interposed between a silicon thin film and a support. All or part of the structure formed is subjected to heat treatment at 500-1500degreesC, to diffuse the intermediate layer impurity into the silicon thin film so that a high concentration impurity layer is formed in the silicon thin film.    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - By forming a high concentration impurity layer in the silicon thin film by heat treatment, diffusion of a high concentration impurity layer before adhering the silicon thin film is eliminated, so the manufacturing method is simplified. The concentration and diffusion depth of the impurity diffusion layer can be controlled precisely, by adjusting the impurity concentration of intermediate layer, the temperature at which heat treatment is effected and the duration of heat treatment. The recombination of minority carriers is effectively controlled, thereby enabling formation of solar cells having improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, without any additional processes, a back side field layer or back side electrode layer is formed, which increases the efficiency of the solar cells. Solar cell having high efficiency is manufactured, inexpensively.
NOVELTY - Several solar cells having several quantum wells are electrically connected in a tandem configuration.    USE - Multi-quantum well tandem solar cell assembly for satellite, vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The operational efficiency of the solar cell assembly is increased by providing several quantum wells.
NOVELTY - Determining the susceptibility of solar cell cover glass or second surface mirror to degradation comprises illuminating cover glass or mirror with ultraviolet light at a wavelength; measuring the reflected portion of ultraviolet light; and characterizing the propensity of the cover glass or mirror to degradation as a function of the reflectance and the wavelength.    USE - To determine the susceptibility of solar cell cover glass or a second surface mirror to degradation. The solar cell cover glass and the second surface mirror are useful in space.    ADVANTAGE - The method results in an improvement of the long-term power output of solar cells by maintaining optical transparency and reducing temperature increases arising from increased solar absorption in darkened cover glasses.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Determining the susceptibility of solar cell cover glass to degradation comprises illuminating the solar cell cover glass with ultraviolet light at a wavelength and at an illumination angle where the solar cell cover glass reflects a portion of the ultraviolet light; measuring the reflected portion of ultraviolet light; and characterizing the propensity of the solar cell cover glass to degradation as a function of the reflectance and the wavelength.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an apparatus for testing solar cell glass covers for susceptibility to degradation or for testing second surface mirror for surface contamination.
NOVELTY - A phosphorus joining layer (2) is formed on a p-type silicon substrate (1). A gaseous-phase phosphorus diffusion heat processing is applied on the p-type silicon substrate, to form a n++ layer (3) on the phosphorus joining layer.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces cost by simplification of manufacturing process and reduction of material of construction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural drawing of solar battery manufacture.    p-type silicon substrate (1)    Phosphorus joining layer (2)    n++ layer (3)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer provided to boundary surface layer (9) of an upper cell, has refractive index lower than that of the semiconductor layer of a lower cell.    USE - Multi-junction type thin film solar battery e.g. amorphous-Si amorphous-SiGe solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - By providing the semiconductor layer of a low refractive index to the boundary surface layer of upper cell, the fetching of an impurity and generation of holes are prevented, and a low cost solar cell with high conversion efficiency and low installation cost is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a multi-junction type thin film solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Boundary surface layer (9)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor (4) mainly consists of a titanium oxide having crystal structure. The titanium oxide is obtained by blending titanium dioxide of a rutile type and an anatase type.    USE - For solar battery (claimed) e.g. dry solar battery, wet solar battery, etc., used for industrial and domestic applications.    ADVANTAGE - Since the titanium oxide having crystal structure is obtained by the blending of titanium dioxide of rutile and anatase types, the band gap of semiconductor becomes small and the light of the wavelength of the wide range of a visible light area is utilized, and thereby a high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Semiconductor (4)
NOVELTY - The device has a p-type silicon substrate (1-1) on which an electrode (1-3) is formed. The width of the contact portion of the electrode is less than that of the opposing portion.    USE - Solar power generation device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the shadowing loss and improves the output of solar power generation device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar power generation device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the electrode of the solar power generation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    P-type silicon substrate (1-1)    Electrodes (1-3)
NOVELTY - A pn-junction is formed on the surface side of a silicon wafer (2). A process distortion (1a) formed on the surface side of the silicon wafer is removed. A process distortion (1b) formed on the back side of the silicon wafer is removed after performing pn-junction formation process.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery cell.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive solar battery cell having high conversion efficiency is obtained. Heavy metal impurities generated during manufacturing process are removed without increasing manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of solar battery cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Process distortions (1a,1b)    Silicon wafer (2)
NOVELTY - The metal reflection layer (12) and the diffusion prevention layer (13) are sequentially laminated on a support board (11). The multiple recess of a spoon cut shape are formed on the diffusion prevention layer when ion beam is radiated on the diffusion prevention layer diagonally.    USE - For use in solar cell (claimed) used as power supplies for timepiece, small-sized calculator and street light.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion efficiency of silicon solar battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Silicon solar cell; and    (2) Silicon solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of silicon substrate for solar cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Support layer (11)    Metal reflection layer (12)    Diffusion prevention layer (13)
NOVELTY - A p-n joining is formed on the surface of a silicon single crystal when the resistivity of single crystal ranges within 0.1-5 OMEGA cm, after chemical etching processing of crystal.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Highly efficient silicon single crystal solar battery is manufactured inexpensively using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart explaining manufacturing process of silicon single crystal substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A shell (95) covers a catalyst support (1). An inorganic fiber-made sealing (2) comprising strip-shaped fiber mats (281) is wound on the outer periphery of the support.    USE - For fuel cell used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - High yield is provided by the sealing with reduction in cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the sealing and the shell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst support (1)    Fiber-made sealing (2)    Shell (95)    Fiber mats (281)
NOVELTY - A container (2) for holding a modification catalyst (1), is manufactured with a metal having high electrical resistance distributed in bone shape. The container is made to generate heat by supplying electricity to the container.    USE - Catalyst heating apparatus for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of heating of each section of a reactor can be adjusted when there is a load fluctuation by supplying varying current to each section. Since there is no partition to the modification catalyst, the catalyst has an early heating and the reformed gas is formed in a short time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline explanatory drawing of the catalyst heating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst (1)    Container (2)
NOVELTY - The base (126) of a cylinder, is fitted into a tube portion (116) that supplies fuel to a modifier comprising several modification catalyst layers. The flange portion of the cylinder, is welded to side portion (128) of a cover (124).    USE - In fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The leakage of fuel is prevented reliably using simple component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel reformer manufacturing apparatus that includes a fixing jig and a retention mechanism integrally mounted on a turntable. A welding unit welds the edge portion of the flange portion, that is held by the retention mechanism and side portion of the cover, that is held by the jig.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of fuel supplying tube in the fuel reformer.    Tube portion (116)    Cover (124)    Base (126)    Side portion (128)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a hydrogen electrode plate and a hydrogen gas passage plate (6) with several openings (2) arranged in the form of lattice. The hydrogen electrode plate and the gas passage plate are bonded such that each opening of the passage plate contacts with openings of hydrogen electrode plate to form hydrogen gas path between them.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas is supplied efficiently with a hydrogen electrode and the electric power generation of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the hydrogen gas passage plate.    Openings (2)    Hydrogen gas passage plate (6)
NOVELTY - A composition for sealing a solar battery consists of a polymer blend or a polymer alloy consisting of at least one polyolefinic copolymer and at least one ionomer resin.    USE - The composition is used for sealing the solar battery and finds its applications in the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The polyolefinic copolymer has superior adhesiveness, weather resistance, and transparency. The ionomer resin has heat resistance and mechanical strength. The resulting sealing material has superior adhesiveness, weather resistance, transparency, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. The solar battery module has enhanced heat resistance, weather resistance, creep resistance, and scratch resistance.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion unit (3) is formed on a substrate (1) and immediately an i-type boundary layer (5i) is formed by plasma CVD. The substrate is processed to expose a surface of boundary layer to the atmosphere and a crystalline unit (4) is then formed on boundary layer by plasma CVD.    USE - For manufacturing tandem thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances flexibility of the manufacture and improves production efficiency, without deteriorating performance of the solar cell. Cleans up or removes the surface layer that might be degraded due to exposure to the atmosphere, easily. Any adverse influence caused by temporary removal of substrate, into the atmosphere can remarkably be reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the tandem thin film solar cell.    Substrate (1)    Photoelectric conversion unit (3)    Crystalline unit (4)    i-type boundary layer (5i)
NOVELTY - Triphenylene compounds (I), (II) and (III) are new.    USE - Hole transporting material for electroluminescence (EL) device (claimed) and as a planar light source or display. The EL device is used in flat panel display such as on-wall television set, flat light emitting device, light source for copying machine or printer, liquid crystal display or counter, display sign board and signal light. It is also applied in fields of electrophotographic photoreceptor, photoelectric converter, solar cell and image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The organic electroluminescence device has excellent hole-injecting capability and durability. The device has high light emission efficiency, in repeated and continuous emission of light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Triphenylene compounds of formula (I), (II) and (III) are new.    X1-X18 = O or S or N bonded with hydrogen, alkyl or aryl group;    R1-R17 = (un)substituted alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group, or R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 and/or R5 and R6 and/or R7 and R8 and/or R9 and R10 and/or R13 and R14 and/or R15 and R16 together with the bonded atoms form a mono- or poly-heterocyclic ring;    A1, A2 = organic residue composed of C, H and O atoms or of C, H, O and S atoms, with molecular weight of 500 or less.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electroluminescence device comprising anode and cathode with a light emitting layer or several organic compound thin layers including a light emitting layer containing (I)-(III) in between.
NOVELTY - A catalyst converter comprises a catalyst carrier having peripheral surfaces, a metal shell covering the surface and a holding/seal material located between the carrier and the shell. The hold/seal material is a belt like material having a length 1/2 of that of the carrier and is wrapped around the peripheral surface once or more.    USE - The converter is used in purification devices for air exhausts (e.g. for removal of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides) or in diesel particulate filter and fuel battery modifier catalyst converters.    ADVANTAGE - The preparation is relatively simple and easy compared with prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also include for    (1) a similar converter wherein the length of the seal material is 1/3 of that of the carrier,    (2) preparation of the converter,    (3) the holding and seal material used,    (4) a similar converter wherein the hold and seal material is wrapped in a manner of overlapping the edges of the same material,    (5) a similar converter wherein the surface of the material has protrusion strips along the peripherals of the carrier,    (6) a similar converter wherein the seal material has gas inlet and out let and a pair of positions having higher filling density, and    (7) a similar converter wherein the seal material has two thicker ends.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the converter.    Catalyst converter (1)    Catalyst carrier (2)    Holding and seal material (4)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon reformation catalyst is formed by supporting (a) at least1 platinum group element selected from ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, palladium and iridium, and (b) a cobalt component and/or nickel component, on an alumina support containing cerium oxide.    USE - The catalyst is used in reforming of hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen or synthesis gas. The catalyst can be used in hydrogen production processes of fuel cells for e.g. vehicles, and in synthesis gas production for methanol synthesis, dimethyl ether formation, Fischer-Tropsch reactions etc.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has excellent activity and reforming is carried out efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) a steam reforming method of hydrocarbons by forming hydrogen or synthesis gas by steam reforming hydrocarbons using the catalyst; (2) an auto-heat reforming method of hydrocarbons using the catalyst; (3) partial oxidation reforming method of hydrocarbons using the catalyst; and (4) a carbon dioxide reforming method of hydrocarbons using the catalyst.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-containing product gas is produced from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons.    USE - Used for operating a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen in the required amount can be quickly produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a hydrogen-containing product gas (1) from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons (2) in a reformer (3) comprises carrying out a partial oxidation of a first hydrocarbon stream (7) with a first oxygen-containing gas stream (8) in a combustion chamber (4) of the reformer to produce a first product gas stream (9) containing hydrogen; reforming a second hydrocarbon stream (11) with water (19) in the reformer to produce a second product gas stream (12) containing hydrogen; and mixing the two product gas streams to form a third product gas stream (13) in a mixing chamber (5). The third product gas stream is used to heat the reforming unit (6) of the reformer.    Preferred Features: The first and second product gas streams are mixed in a counter stream. The first and second product gas streams are regulated depending on the temperature in the reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the reforming process.    Hydrogen-containing product gas (1)    Liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons (2)    Reformer (3)    Combustion chamber (4)    Mixing chamber (5)    Reforming unit (6)    First hydrocarbon stream (7)    First oxygen-containing gas stream (8)    First product gas stream containing hydrogen (9)    Second hydrocarbon stream (11)    Second product gas stream containing hydrogen (12)    Third product gas stream (13)    Water (19)
NOVELTY - An infrared transparent conducting oxide optical film adhered to an infrared transparent substrate, comprises a mixed transition metal oxide spinel compound.    USE - Useful as optical coating for devices including, but not limited to, infrared sensors, actuators, light emitting diodes, transistors, solar cells and flat panel displays.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive optical film has the properties of good conductivity, stability and extended transmissivity into the infrared. It can be made thin to provide adequate transmissivity from visible wavelengths out to the 12-mum infrared region. It exhibits higher conductivity because of the contribution of polaron hopping to a conduction mechanism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An infrared transparent conducting oxide optical film adhered to an infrared transparent substrate, comprises a mixed transition metal oxide spinel compound of formula: M11-xM2xO4/3.    M1, M2 = two different transition metals;    x = at most1    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making the infrared transparent conducting oxide film on the infrared transparent substrate, comprising preparing a precursor solution comprising nitrates of two transition metals and a reducing agent; spin casting the precursor solution to form a film on the substrate; and inducing the transparent conducting oxide formation on the substrate by thermal treatment of the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a variation in tint of a single layer of a nickel-cobalt oxide film with x=Co/(Co+Ni).
NOVELTY - Process for suppressing formation of coke in reforming carbonaceous or organic material involves applying electromagnetic radiation of frequency below 300 MHz to the material while heating it above 700 degreesF.    USE - For reforming carbonaceous or organic material to produce hydrogen used in operation of fuel cell e.g. for powered vehicle. For altering or improving properties of carbonaceous materials. For maintaining activity of catalysts used in partial oxidation or auto-thermal reforming of methanol, ethanol, gasoline, diesel or hydrocarbon-based fuel into hydrogen and carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - Metal-catalyzed coking at high temperatures is reduced effectively. Coking of the on-board reformer is reduced. The catalyst activity is maintained, minimizing the rate of coke build-up and hence minimizing the frequency of regeneration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Method for operating a fuel cell. The method involves contacting a carbonaceous or organic material with a catalyst in the presence of electromagnetic radiation, and converting at least a portion of the obtained hydrogen-containing stream in a fuel cell to produce an electric current.    (2) Process for improving the properties of carbonaceous material by performing metal catalyzed processes above 700 degreesF with application of electromagnetic radiation of frequency below 300 MHz.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing the effect of radio frequency electromagnetic field on hydrogen yield as a function of time in the autothermal reforming of toluene over nickel-based catalyst at 1300 degreesF.
NOVELTY - Formation of a single crystal semiconductor film on a non-crystalline surface, involves depositing a template layer incorporating an ordered array of nucleation sites on the non-crystalline surface, and forming the single crystal semiconductor film on the non-crystalline surface from the ordered array of nucleation sites.    USE - For forming a single crystal semiconductor film on a non-crystalline surface used for an integrated circuit (claimed), semiconductor devices e.g. complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, and solar cells or components of displays.    ADVANTAGE - The single crystal semiconductor film of any desired orientation is formed on a amorphous layer. Fabrication of high quality, vertically integrated semiconductor devices e.g. complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, and development of high density and high performance three-dimensional integrated circuits are enabled using the semiconductor film. The single crystal semiconductor film of large area is grown on an amorphous glass substrate, and is used for high efficiency solar and components of displays.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The template layer comprises an ordered array of organic molecules or inorganic species or a close-packed matrix of polymerized organic monomers with one or more silicon atoms. The single crystal semiconductor film is an epitaxial silicon film. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an integrated circuit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow diagram of formation of single crystal semiconductor film on the non-crystalline surface.
NOVELTY - A silicon sheet producing apparatus comprising a crucible (14) containing fused silicon and a rotating cooling body (11) rotatably disposed above the crucible (14).    USE - Production of silicon sheet for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A planar silicon sheet free of internal stress can be produced and the silicon sheet can be taken out continuously and stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Cooling body has at least one flat surface (1) for growing a solid silicon sheet (12) on the surface is characterized by comprising a separating/transfer out mechanism for separating a silicon sheet (12) formed on the flat surface (1) of the rotating cooling body (11) by dipping it in a fused silicon (13) by the rotation and then lifting it up from the fused silicon (13) and transferring the separated silicon sheet (12) by the inertia force by the rotation of the rotating cooling body (11) and/or the fall by the gravity out of the apparatus before the silicon sheet (12) is dipped again in the fused silicon (13).
NOVELTY - The method involves providing a fuel cell plate having surfaces (I,II) (122,124), applying a coating precursor on at least the surface (I) of the fuel cell plate and exposing the coating precursor to ultraviolet radiation to initiate polymerization. The coating precursor is adapted to polymerize in response to ultraviolet radiation. The coating precursor contains an acrylated oligomer and a photoinitiator.    USE - For fuel cell plates and fuel cell assembly containing two or more fuel cell plates.    ADVANTAGE - The coating precursor is applied quickly, precisely and economically onto fuel cell plate. The coating precursor has good chemical resistance and excellent mechanical property. The radiation cured coating precursor is cross-linked at much lower temperatures than the heat-cured coating precursor. Curing rate, adhesion, tensile strength and cross-link density of the coating precursor are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Insulated fuel cell plate. The plate has surfaces (I,II) on which a coating precursor is applied; (ii) Ultraviolet radiation-curable coating precursor.The precursor comprises an acrylated aliphatic urethane oligomer, an acrylated epoxy oligomer, a mono-functional monomer for reducing viscosity of the coating precursor, a multi-functional monomer for increasing cross-link density, an adhesion promoter, and a photoinitiator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded cross-sectional view of a fuel cell assembly.    Surfaces (122,124)
NOVELTY - Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide compounds (I) are new.    USE - The perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide compounds (I) are useful as initiators and/or reaction partners for a polymerization reaction. The colored and/or fluorescent polymer (II) is useful in fluorescent solar collectors, as a laser dye, in green house film, for optical and/or opto-electronic applications, as a fluorescent label or marker (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide compounds of formula (I) are new.    R1 = optionally substituted alkyl or aryl;    R2 = H, halo, 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C alkoxy, 5-15C aryl, aryloxy or a group having at least 1 functional group Y;    Y = OH, ether, ester, halogen, amine, amide, thiol, ethylenic double bond, acetylenic triple bond and/or carboxylic acid (optionally protected or activated);    provided that at least one R2 contains Y.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a colored and/or fluorescent polymer (II) prepared by reaction of a monomer with a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide compound where (I) is covalently bonded into the polymer structure; and    (2) a star polypeptide that fluoresces in an aqueous solution prepared by reaction of an amino acid with (I).
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized photoelectric transducer is composed of fine oxide semiconductor particles sensitized with a dye having an acrylic acid site.    USE - The photoelectric transducer is used for semiconductor devices and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Semiconductor devices and solar cells having the invented photoelectric transducer have high conversion efficiency and are produced with a low production cost.
NOVELTY - The conductive film comprises a zinc oxide layer and dopants doped into the zinc oxide layer. The dopants have n-type dopant and p-type dopant. The n-type dopant is more than the p-type dopant. Doping is performed such that the impurity concentration is 1 x 10 power 18 cm-3 or more, preferably 8 x 10 power 18 cm-3.    USE - For electrode of solar cells, liquid crystal display devices, flat panel displays and organic electroluminescence devices.    ADVANTAGE - The zinc oxide of the conductive film has resistance to reducing atmosphere and is stable against high temperature. The conductive film has electrical resistivity lower than the indium-titanium oxide film. The impurities are doped to the zinc oxide layer, in a stable state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Doping is performed such that the ratio of n-type dopant to p-type dopant is 1.3-3:1. The resistivity of the doped zinc oxide layer is 1.1 x 10 power -4 OMEGA.cm or less. The n-type dopant selected from group IIIB and/or group VIIB element(s). The p-type dopant is selected from group VB and/or group IA element(s).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model view showing a state in which two atoms of gallium and one atom of nitrogen are doped to the zinc oxide.
NOVELTY - The contacts have optimized surface for increasing the electrical contact with a bipolar separator plate and a conducting plate of the adjacent membrane electrode assembly. The contacts provide uniform internal compressive load distribution to the fuel cell, when the fuel cell is compressed.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The operation of the fuel cell is efficiently improved, since the internal load is uniformly distributed in the fuel cell using the electrical contacts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the conductive plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic representation of complaint electric contacts with the array of cantilevered inverted V-shaped thin metal spring.
NOVELTY - An n-type semiconductor layer (12) is etched, to expose a p-type semiconductor layer (11) formed on a spherical cell (10). The exposed p-type layer is coated with an insulation layer (13a) is hardened, etched and removed. Then, the conductor layers are formed on the exposed p-type layer and remaining insulation layer and on the n-type layer and the opposite surface of the insulation layer, respectively.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient utilization of solar light is achieved by using the conductive layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining the manufacturing process of the solar battery.    Cell (10)    Semiconductor layers (11,12)    Insulation layer (13a)
NOVELTY - The etching residue adhered to the surface of a silicon substrate (1) after dry etching and roughening the surface of the silicon substrate is removed.    USE - For roughening silicon substrate used in solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - A favorable semiconductor junction is formed by removing etching residue. The solar battery of high efficiency and low cost is manufactured by forming unevenness structure on the surface of silicon substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the silicon substrate roughening method.    Silicon substrate (1)
NOVELTY - An aluminum electric field layer with shape similar to a boron electric field layer (4) and protective layer (3) are formed on back side of P-type silicon substrate (1) in lattice form.    USE - Solar battery cell.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates photodegradation by avoiding cracks/curvature on substrate during manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the series of manufacturing process in solar cell manufacture.    P-type silicon substrate (1)    Protective layer (3)    Boron electric field layer (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel for hydrogen generation (15) comprises an alloy of aluminum, and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.    USE - For generating hydrogen and producing water vapor of high temperature used for a steam engine, and as a fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel is stored at normal temperature and transported and handled safely. Large amounts of hydrogen are generated efficiently by reaction of the fuel with water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a hydrogen generator; and    (2) Hydrogen generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel for hydrogen generation (15)
NOVELTY - A steam separator (4) supplies water vapor to a modifier (1) having hydrogen rich reformed gas which is compressed by a compressor (2). Pressure swing adsorption apparatus (3) separates and refines hydrogen from pressurized reformed gas. The remaining pressurized reformed gas is partially sent to a burner (1a) and a combustor (6) which burns and transfers combustion exhaust gas to an exhaust gas cooler (7) for recycling.    USE - For use in fuel cell power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - The exhaust energy from the exhaust gas of the burner and combustor can be recovered, thereby improves energy efficiency. The remaining pressurized reformed gas after hydrogen refinement is reused by using combustor which burns the reformed gas and transduces combustion exhaust gas to the exhaust gas cooler.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen generator operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1)    Burner (1a)    Compressor (2)    Pressure swing adsorption apparatus (3)    Steam separator (4)    Combustor (6)    Exhaust gas cooler (7)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide is removed from hydrogen containing gas by methanation, using a catalyst. The catalyst contains ruthenium compound, alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound, supported on a fire-proof inorganic oxide carrier.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method improves selectively of methanation of carbon monoxide and effectively removes carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inorganic oxide carrier is alumina, titania, silica and/or zirconia, preferably titania-alumina. The alkali metal is potassium, cesium, rubidium, sodium and/or lithium. The alkaline earth metal is barium, calcium, magnesium and/or strontium.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing method involves heating a heat carrier without catalytic activity in a heat exchanger. The heat carrier is then mixed with raw material gas, and then inserted into a modification reaction vessel. Modification reaction is accelerated using the sensible heat of the heat carrier, and hydrogen is produced.    USE - For producing hydrogen used in fuel cells and industries.    ADVANTAGE - Modification reaction is performed by combining the heat exchanger and the modification reaction device. Sensible heat of the heat carrier is used, and thus, temperature distribution of the modification catalyst is relieved. Hydrogen is produced by the heat carrier circulating system, with a high reaction rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen rich reformed gas accompanied by heat carrier , is passed to a cooler, and the heat carrier is separated from the reformed gas. The heat carrier is then recirculated to the heat exchanger. Heat carrier are metal vapor of lead, tin, zinc and mercury.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of the hydrogen manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generator (20) generates hydrogen by hydrolyzing a complex metal hydride in the presence of catalyst, in the catalytic reaction tank (2). Water is supplied to the tank (2) from the water storage tank (3). Complex metal hydride is supplied to the tank (2) from the hydride storage tank (4).    USE - For fuel cell and for chemical industries, petroleum refining, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Unused water is recovered and recycled effectively, thus continuous supply of water is carried out for long period of time. Size reduction of the generator is attained. Uniform generation of hydrogen is maintained for long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Water is recovered from the aqueous solution in the catalytic reaction tank (2), by the water collecting equipment. Recovered water is returned to the catalytic reaction tank (2), through the return line (L8). The generator comprises a storage tank, adsorber, condenser and electrodialyzer (21).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow diagram of hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalytic reaction tank (2)    Water storage tank (3)    Hydride storage tank (4)    Hydrogen generator (20)    Electrodialyzer (21)    Return line (L8)
NOVELTY - Manufacturing of fine crystal film comprises of an interval in between a high frequency electrode (1) and a ground electrode (3) arranged in a film forming chamber filled with raw materials which is reduced for overlapping light emitting portions (7).    USE - For manufacturing thin film semiconductor devices such as thin film transistor (TFT) and thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fine crystal film with high rate of crystalline substance integral is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the discharge structure with respect to fine crystal film forming method.    High frequency electrode (1)    Ground electrode (3)    Light emitting portions (7)
NOVELTY - A fluidized bed gasification furnace (11) contains waste material (2) mixed with oxygen and water vapor. The waste material is then thermally decomposed in the furnace (11) to produce gasification gas (3). A catalyst (19) is mixed with the sand layer (11a) of the furnace to accelerate production of gasification gas.    USE - For recovery of energy from organic waste, such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, industrial waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The ratio of gasification gas is increased and the heating value of gasification gas is made high and electricity generation efficiency of installation is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gasification power generation installation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of gasification power generation installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Waste material (2)    Gasification gas (3)    Fluidized bed gasification furnace (11)    Sand layer (11a)    Catalyst (19)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive paste (26) is applied on both sides of cooling plate (2) provided to sides of layered structure (8) containing defective cell (5). The stopping units (27) and a clamp (21), fix a short circuit jig (20) comprising carbon to cooling plate.    USE - For processing defective cell of fuel cell used in power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Since bypass of defective cell is performed electrically, corrosion resistance of short circuit jig is obtained. Since contact resistance between cooling plate and jig is reduced, improvement in the reliability of fuel cell is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for defective cell processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the defective cell processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cooling plate (2)    Defective cell (5)    Layered structure (8)    Short circuit jig (20)    Clamp (21)    Electroconductive paste (26)    Stopping units (27,28)
NOVELTY - The system includes a pressure reduction valve (11) for maintaining the pressure of the hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell (2) at a predetermined pressure and a flow control valve (12) for adjusting the supply amount of hydrogen, both of which are provided in a hydrogen supply path (4) between a hydrogen storage tank (8) and the fuel cell.    USE - Electricity generation system provided with fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since supply of hydrogen to fuel cell is adjusted by flow control valve, fine control can be performed. Since working pressure of fuel cell is maintained by pressure reduction valve, the operation of the fuel cell is stabilized. Hence the system performs electricity generation stably depending on the load.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Hydrogen supply path (4)    Hydrogen storage tank (8)    Pressure reduction valve (11)    Flow control valve (12)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has electrolyte film (21) arranged between anode (22) and cathode (23), which is a laminate of organic electrolyte layer (211) and inorganic electrolyte layer (212) having lower permeability for organic fuel than layer (211). The electrolyte layer (211) is arranged at anode side of fuel cell. Oxidizing agent gas is supplied to cathode and organic fuel is supplied to anode for power generation.    USE - As power supply for portable machines and vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As the electrolyte layer close to anode is impregnated with organic fuel and moisture, proton conductivity is maintained, thereby reducing internal resistance of battery and improving battery output. Mechanical strength of the electrolyte layer is improved, as both organic and inorganic electrolyte layers are adhered three-dimensionally.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal portion exploded perspective view of direct methanol fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolyte film (21)    Anode (22)    Cathode (23)    Organic electrolyte layer (211)    Inorganic electrolyte layer (212)
NOVELTY - The generator is equipped with a reformer (1), steam separator (2) and heat of hydration device. A regulator for adjusting opening of gas flow rate controlling valve (16) and steam flow control valve (13) depending on hydrogen load, is provided. A heat exchanger (40) and auxiliary electric heater (50) are provided in hydration device to heat water in steam separator with combustion exhaust gas of modifier.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The supply of steam is controlled by the fluctuation of hydrogen load, therefore the energy efficiency of hydrogen generator is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen generator is equipped with water vapor generator which has a reformer for modifying heating gas containing natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas, and methanol into hydrogen rich gas with water vapor, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) apparatus (5) which separates and refines hydrogen from reformed gas, steam separator and heat of hydration device. A fuel gas flow rate controlling valve and steam flow control valve are provided to heating gas supply line (14) and steam supply line (12), respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline schematic diagram of hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (1)    Steam separator (2)    Pressure swing adsorption apparatus (5)    Steam supply line (12)    Steam flow control valve (13)    Field heating gas supply line (14)    Field fuel gas flow rate controlling valve (16)    Heat exchanger (40)    Auxiliary electric heater (50)
NOVELTY - The photoelectrode comprises a transparent conductive film (1) and an optical semiconductor layer (2). The layer (2) comprises optical semiconductor powder and porous optical semiconductor particles. The semiconductor layer includes a conductive film (1b) laminated on a high polymer film (1a).    USE - For solar batteries (claimed) used in indoor and outdoor applications.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectrode has good photoelectric conversion efficiency, since previously baked porous optical semiconductor particle is utilized. Because of high polymer film, the electrode attains flexibility and lightweight. Even when the electrode is not baked at high temperature, the porous structure is maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of photoelectrode.    Transparent conductive film (1)    High polymer film (1a)    Conductive film (1b)    Optical semiconductor layer (2)
NOVELTY - An amount of raw material gas containing methane is passed through the catalyst (1). The passed gas is heated by the heat obtained by combustion of hydrogen in exhaust gas. The oxidized gas reacts with methane to form hydrogen steam. The remaining raw material gas reacts with steam and modification catalyst (2) to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for fuel cells comprises: (i) a combustion furnace which burns the hydrogen which remains in the exhaust gas emitted from the fuel cell; (ii) a combustion catalyst (1) which burns a part of the raw material gas including a hydrocarbon; and (iii) a modification catalyst which generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas by reacting generated vapor and remaining raw material gas and using the heat generated by combustion in the combustion furnace.    USE - For fuel cells used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the heat generated by combustion of hydrogen in exhaust gas is used for heating raw material gas, the hydrogen utilization factor in fuel cell in improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalysts (1,2)    Burner (3)    Evaporator (4)    Vapor heater (5)    Air heater (6)    Raw material heater (7)    CO converter (8)
NOVELTY - The vehicle main frame is provided with a tank (30) at top portion to store methanol and water, a modifier (32) to generate hydrogen and a fuel cell (33) at rear and front bottom portions. An electric motor (41) and transmission (42) are positioned underneath the modifier and fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell mounted motor cycle.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of tank, fuel cell, modifier, electric motor and transmission shortens the required connection piping and obtains sufficient electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system of the fuel cell mounted motor cycle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tank (30)    Modifier (32)    Fuel cell (33)    Electric motor (41)    Transmission (42)
NOVELTY - The tanks (4,5) with electrodes (6,7) respectively are accommodated inside a casing (2) which is sealed with a cover (3). A hydrogen cartridge (15) containing a hydrogen occlusion material, is arranged in the cover, and is connected to the tank (4) with a passage (12). The tank (5) is connected to the exterior with a passage (13).    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen occlusion material is accommodated in the hydrogen cartridge inside the sealed cover, the unit obtains a compact structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen cartridge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen gas occlusion unit.    Casing (2)    Cover (3)    Tanks (4,5)    Electrodes (6,7)    Passages (12,13)    Hydrogen cartridge (15)
NOVELTY - A silicon-containing coating contains at least a photofunctional organic silicon compound (I), an organic metal compound and a multidentate ligand.    USE - The silicon-containing coatings are applicable to electrophotographic photoreceptors, organic EL devices, solar batteries, organic electroconductors, coatings for carriers for electrophotography, surface treatments for charge- generating materials, intermediate layer between Al, Ni or nesa glass and an organic photosensitive layer and various organic electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon-containing coatings have a long pot life and can form uniform coats with high functions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silicon-containing coating contains at least a photofunctional organic silicon compound of formula (I), an organic metal compound and a multidentate ligand.    F = organic group derived from photofunctional compound;    D = flexible subunit;    A = substituted silicon group bearing a hydrolyzable group of -Si(R1)(3-a)Qa;    R1 = H, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl;    Q = hydrolyzable group;    a = 1-3;    b = 1-4.
NOVELTY - A miniature fuel cell made up of an oxygen electrode (8a) and a combustible electrode (8b) enclosing a membrane made up of a microporous support impregnated with an electrolytic polymer, the cell being fed by a source or air and source of combustible. The microporous support is made from a semi-conductor material.    USE - These fuel cells are used in portable electronic devices in automotive and telecommunications applications.    ADVANTAGE - The semi-conductor used as a solid support for the electrolytic membrane allows the production of high quality surfaces for the deposition of the electrodes, able to constitute a very effective barrier to water molecules included in the membrane and to combustible molecules. The use of a semi-conductor also allows the application of microtechnology to produce multi-layer metal deposits with an optimised thickness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the utilisation of such a fuel cell for feeding portable electronic devices.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded perspective view of a cell conforming to this invention as used in a mobile phone.    Miniature fuel cell; (1)    Exchangers/distributors; (3a, 3b)    Membrane and electrodes assembly; (3c)    Semi-conductor membrane; (4)    Electrochemical exchange cells; (5)    Anode; (8a)    Cathode. (8b)
NOVELTY - Apparatus recycles a liquid condensed on the inner wall of a tube (1) having capillaries (2), through which a gas passes, back into the gas stream.    USE - Used in fuel cell systems, in which the fuel used is methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The formation of large condensed liquid drops is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A groove (3) is arranged in the inner wall of the tube in the region of the capillaries to collect condensed liquid. The capillaries are arranged vertically to the gas stream flow. The length of the capillaries are varied so that the gas stream is homogeneously distributed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the arrangement of the capillaries in the tube.    tube (1)    capillaries (2)    groove (3)
NOVELTY - Device for supplying fuel of a gas generating system (GS) to produce hydrogen-rich gas in a fuel cell system comprises two gas generating components (R1, R2); a common dosing unit (D) to convey fuel into each of the gas generating components using a valve control; and a fuel storage unit (S) which supplies the gas generating components with fuel during a switching process.    USE - Used in mobile fuel cells which operate with methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The device is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating the device. Preferred Features: A valve (V4) is arranged between the dosing unit and the first gas generating component (R1), a valve (V1) between the fuel storage unit and the dosing unit, a valve (V2) between the storage unit and the second gas generating component (R2), and a valve (V3) between the dosing unit and the second gas generating component to control the fuel stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the device.    dosing unit (D)    gas generating system (GS)    gas generating components (R1, R2)    fuel storage unit (S)    valves (V1-V4)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack structured to use hydrogen to produce electricity; a steam reformer for reforming an organic fuel and for producing hydrogen for consumption through the stack; and a methanol splitting reactor for splitting methanol and producing hydrogen and hot waste gas. The methanol splitting reactor is connected to the reformer to deliver hot waste gases from the reactor and pre-heat the reformer. The methanol splitting reactor is connected to the fuel cell stack to deliver hydrogen to the stack.    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Cold start problems are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a fuel cell system. Preferred Features: The system further comprises a burner connected to the splitting reactor to deliver heat to the reactor and drive a methanol splitting reaction in the reactor. The burner contains a catalyst for chemical combustion of a fuel, preferably methanol or gasoline. A splitting catalyst, preferably made from 10-20 wt.% palladium on a ZrO2, Pr2O3 or CeO2 support. The reformer contains a copper or zinc catalyst. The system also comprises a carbon monoxide adsorber (38) and a reactor (18) for carrying out selective oxidation.
NOVELTY - The catalysed reaction of Si with SiCl4, H2 and optionally also HCl to produce SiHCl3 is improved by intensively mixing the Si with the catalyst before the reaction.    USE - The SiHCl3 is used in the manufacture of silane and/or pure Si (claimed), the pure Si being useful in electronics or photovoltaic applications such as in the production of solar cells. Other uses of the SiHCl3 are in the production of SiH2Cl2 or organo-Si compounds which are useful in adhesives.    ADVANTAGE - Problems of slow reaction initiation and consequent low space-time yields associated with prior-art methods (eg DE3311650) are overcome and reduced amounts of catalyst (eg 0.5-10 wt.% based on Si) can be used to give high space-time yields.
NOVELTY - Reactor structure comprise a stack of heat conducting plate elements (1a-1d) running on two closed side regions in a U-shape and arranged with its U-side edges lying over each other in the stack. The reactor layers are formed as tempering layers (3).    USE - Used as a reforming reactor for producing hydrogen in a fuel cell vehicle or in stationary fuel cells by reforming methanol or other material.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor structure is compact and pressure-stable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The plate elements have planar main surfaces and run in a curved manner on the closed side regions so that the inner side edges (6a) and the outer side edges (6b) are displaced from the main plate main surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic longitudinal section through the reactor structure.    tempering layers (3)    inner side edges (6a)    outer side edges (6b)
NOVELTY - Gas production system comprises a porous element (12) in the region of the inlet and/or outlet opening (11) of the system.    USE - Used for producing a hydrogen-containing gas from a liquid hydrocarbon stream.    ADVANTAGE - The system is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The porous element is made from metal fibers and has a catalytic coating. The porous element is integrated as filter element in the outlet region of a component containing a catalytically active material. The porous element has two layers and is tensioned using an elastic element (14) between end plates (8a, 8b).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a part of a component of a gas producing system.    end plates (8a, 8b)    inlet and/or outlet opening (11)    porous element (12)    elastic element (14)
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen involves supplying one or more compounds (I) selected from hydrocarbons and/or their oxidation products to a reformer provided with a tubular catalyst (A), such that (I) firstly flows around the ouside of (A) then flows vectorially through the lumen of (A) (or vice-versa).    USE - The obtained hydrogen is specifically used in mobile systems (especially motor vehicles) or immobile systems; or converted in a fuel cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst (A) has a high active surface relative to its volume; has high selectivity and activity; and is easily handled, activated and regenerated. Typically a degree of conversion of methanol (as (I)) of more than 98% can be obtained. Hydrogen is obtained in high yield at relatively low temperature in a compact system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for apparatus for obtaining hydrogen in a conventional reformer, where the reformer contains a tubular catalyst (A).
NOVELTY - The tungsten-containing catalyst comprises a carbon support having a surface layer containing tungsten. The catalyst generates power which is 20% greater than the power output of an equivalently prepared platinum catalyst, when operated under same conditions using an electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The tungsten-containing fuel cell catalyst exhibits high electrochemical activity as that of platinum, without an expensive co-catalyst. The catalyst is generated and regenerated insitu in a fuel cell. The catalyst generates power which is 100% greater than that generated by a platinum catalyst when operated under similar conditions. The lost catalyst could be reactivated on a periodic basis to reverse aging due to oxidation and contamination. The used catalyst can be replenished by adding dilute tungstate solution to provide catalyst precursor in situ without requiring disassembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) Manufacture of tungsten-containing fuel cell catalyst;    (b) Regeneration of tungsten-containing fuel cell catalyst    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the comparative analysis of the power output of hydrogen air proton exchange membrane fuel cell having platinum catalyst cathode and anode made of tungsten containing fuel cell catalyst, and fuel cell having both platinum catalyst anode and cathode.
NOVELTY - Conventionally, it has been necessary to vary the cooling capacity to control the temperature of the growth face when a crystal thin film is grown, and it has been difficult to greatly vary the rate of flow of cooling water in the case of water cooling. Therefore the system needs to be of large scale and the production cost is high if the rate of flow of cooling gas is greatly varied in the case of gas cooling. The problems are thoroughly solved, and the control of the temperature of the surface from which a crystal thin plate is grown is easily performed, thus producing a crystal thin plate at low cost. Specifically, a multilayer structure base composed of at least two layers one of which is made of a material having a heat conductivity different from that of the material of the other layer is brought into contact with a fusion of a substance from which a crystal containing at least either a metallic material or a semiconductor material can be formed, and the temperature of the base is controlled so as to grow a crystal of a material from which the crystal can be formed on the base, thereby producing a crystal thin plate.    USE - Crystalline thin plate for solar cell.
NOVELTY - A silicon is purified by feeding a sparging gas into a liquid bath having silicon (10) and at least one impurity. The bath has uppermost and lowermost surfaces (19, 20). The sparging gas is fed into the bath at a location between the uppermost and lowermost surfaces. A portion of the impurity is removed from the liquid bath.    USE - For purifying silicon useful for manufacturing solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reaction products of the sparging gas and impurity can be removed by liquid-gas extraction or liquid-liquid extraction. The inventive sparging process is effective in removing members of second target impurity category.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for purifying silicon comprising a container (11) having bottom surface(s) (16), sidewall(s) (17) and/or top surface(s); and a tube which projects from the sidewall, bottom or top surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of silicon purifying apparatus.    silicon (10)    container (11)    tube (12)    bottom surface (16)    sidewall (17)    uppermost and lowermost surfaces (19, 20)
NOVELTY - A transparent conductive film having a porous semiconductor film on its interior surface is used as an electrode. A metallic film is used as the other electrode. An electrolyte is interposed between the pair of electrodes. Light is irradiated from the transparent conductive film side to form an electric current circuit between the pair of electrodes.    USE - Used in a pigment-sensitized solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment-sensitized solar battery has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and supplies stable photoelectric current.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A pigment of a porphyrin compound of formula (1) and/or its metal complex is supported in the bores of the porous semiconductor film.    R = H or acid substituent
NOVELTY - The vehicle is mounted with a combination of two or more gas analyzers (2) using different measurement principles and having mutual interference compensation capability integrated into a single unit.    USE - For vehicles equipped with fuel cell to produce electricity to drive motor as drive source.    ADVANTAGE - Enables performing high accurate measurement, as mutual interference compensation capability corrects interference factors, and analyzers using different measurement principles are combined.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of vehicle mounted with gas measurement device.    Analyzer (2)
NOVELTY - A odorant contains at least one compound (1-8).    USE - The odorant is used for fuel and finds its application in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the compound enforces sensitive concentration, improves odor, and evolves economy. The odorant contains no sulfur. The result poisons no noble metal catalyst and exhibits chemical stability, and requires no high concentration addition, resulting in economy. The odorant exhibits superior functions for the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The compound consists of at least one of formulas (1)-(8).    CH3(CH2)3COO-R1 (1)    (CH3)2CHCH2COO-R1 (2)    CH3(CH2)2COO-R1 (3)    (CH3)2CHCOO-R1 (4)    C2H5(CH3)CHCOO-R1 (5)    CH3(CH2)4COO-R1 (6)    R2-O-R3 (7)    C10H18O (8)    R1 = 1-5C saturated hydrocarbon;    R2, R3 = 2-4C saturated hydrocarbon.
NOVELTY - Acidic zinc compound and/or aluminum oxide, and acidic copper compound are dispersed in a mixed solution of water-soluble compound of platinum and/or palladium and, water-soluble zinc compound to form a methanol modification catalyst.    USE - For modification of methanol (claimed) used in fuel reformer for producing hydrogen-containing gas in polymer fuel cell and phosphoric acid-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The methanol modification catalyst excels in activity, selectivity and durability. The production efficiency of hydrogen is excellent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) manufacture of the methanol modification catalyst ; and    (b) methanol modification comprises an acidic zinc compound and/or aluminum oxide, and acidic copper compound dispersed in a mixed solution of water-soluble compound of platinum and/or palladium. This solution is then dried and baked.
NOVELTY - A evaporator (110) evaporates the fluid containing fuel and water, is provided between the fluid supply units (10,20). A heat retainer (100) provided with a combustion catalyst is connected between the evaporator and reformer (30), to maintain suitable temperature for reformation by burning a portion of fuel with oxygen.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Stable water vapor modification reaction is enabled under preset temperature even when the amount of fuel supply to the reformer in connection with the variation of load is fluctuated, as suitable temperature for reformation is maintained by temperature rise portion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell operation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic view of the fuel cell.    Fluid supply units (10,20)    Reformer (30)    Heat retainer (100)    Evaporator (110)
NOVELTY - N-type and P-type GaN clad layers (3,5) comprising III-V group semiconductor materials, are formed sequentially. Silicon and magnesium dopants are added to both N-type and P-type layers.    USE - Compound semiconductor device e.g. GaN type compound semiconductor device, InAlGaP type compound semiconductor device and AlGaAS type compound semiconductor device used for thin film solar battery, LED and laser diode.    ADVANTAGE - Since the diffusion of the impurity to the P-N junction is reduced, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, stable luminous efficiency and excellent mobility are obtained at the P-N junction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of LED chip.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    N-type clad layer (3)    P-type clad layer (5)
NOVELTY - An air supply path (7) is provided between anodes (5) of a cell (2) and a hydrogen gas supply path (6) is provided between cathodes (4) of the cell. Insulators (8) seal the air supply path and the hydrogen gas supply path respectively.    USE - Stack type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the supply paths are sealed using the insulators, the need for separators are avoided thus length of the fuel cell is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of stack type fuel cell.    Cell (2)    Cathodes (4)    Anodes (5)    Hydrogen gas supply path (6)    Air supply path (7)    Insulators (8)
NOVELTY - The alcohol vapor is formed by evaporating aqueous alcohol solution. The alcohol vapor and water vapor are mixed in a modifier to form a heating gas. The heating gas is supplied to the main portion (10) of the fuel cell to generate electricity.    USE - For generating electricity for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The used alcohol solution is recycled without causing environmental pollution. Therefore cost reduction is achieved. The amount of electric power used is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The alcohol solution is chosen from methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and/or n-propyl alcohol.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell power generating device;    (b) Recycling method of the used alcohol solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing include non-English language text).    Main portion of fuel cell (10)
NOVELTY - A gas maintained at a temperature range of 463-493K is supplied into a fuel cell (40) for power generation.    USE - For generating power.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of power generation is improved. A highly reliable energy converter is obtained by effectively utilizing the heat of combustible gas, generated by gasification of solid organic substance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of power generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (40)
NOVELTY - The length of the inorganic fiber mat (200) is cut more than the peripheral length of the catalyst support (3). The cut mat is wound around the catalyst support. After arranging the mat ends (21,22) opposing to each other, sealant (2) is applied on the mat.    USE - For fuel cells in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates leakage of catalyst solution from the sealant sealing the fiber mat covering the catalyst support.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for modifier for fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective views explaining the modifier manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sealant (2)    Catalyst support (3)    Mat ends (21,22)    Inorganic fiber mat (200)
NOVELTY - A catalyst support (3) is coated by a sealant (1) to form a covering. The covering is inserted into a metal shell (2) by rotating spirally along spiral groove of the metal shell.    USE - For manufacturing fuel cell modifier mounted in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst support is easily inserted into metal shell. Prevents generation of builder combustion gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel cell modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sealant (1)    Metal shell (2)    Catalyst support (3)
NOVELTY - A catalyst support (3) covered by a sealant (1), is inserted in a pipe-like metal shell (2) which has initial stage internal diameter (D) more than diameter (d) of product inner side. Spinning is applied to an arrangement of the metal shell (2) so that the initial stage internal diameter of the arrangement is reduced to the diameter (d) of product inner side.    USE - For fuel cell used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the initial stage internal diameter is reduced to diameter of product inner side the catalyst support insertion into the metal shell and mount work of the sealant is easily carried out. Thus the generation of binder combustion gas is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for modifier manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the modifier manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sealant (1)    Metal shell (2)    Catalyst support (3)
NOVELTY - An auxiliary power generator (16) supplies fuel, air, to a fuel cell (15) and an external energizer (21). The drive switches (19,20) are provided to the controller, for selectively supplying power from a secondary battery (1) and the fuel cell, respectively to the vehicle.    USE - For controlling operation of fuel cell in electrical vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As the drive switches selectively supplies power from battery and fuel cell, charging duration is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram of the operation control apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Secondary battery (1)    Fuel cell (15)    Auxiliary power generator (16)    Drive switches (19,20)    External energizer (21)
NOVELTY - A branch flow path (6) is branched from a reformed gas flow path (5). A gas sensitive portion (43) is provided in the branch flow path. A switching unit (A) changes the supply condition for allowing supply of reformed gas to the branch flow path from the reformed gas flow path, and to supply-stoppage condition for stopping supply of reformed gas.    USE - Fuel-cell system for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces concentration of carbon monoxide in reformed gas, since the switching of the branch flow path maintains the gas sensitive portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit block diagram of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformed gas flow path (5)    Branch flow path (6)    Gas sensitive portion (43)    Switching unit (A)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen reservoir (11) contains hydrogen occlusion material (MH) for releasing hydrogen into the fuel cell (2). The occlusion material has a hydrogen release temperature which is greater than the operating temperature of the fuel cell. A catalyst combustor (20) heats the reservoir and the fuel cell.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Startability of the fuel cell is improved and size and weight of hydrogen reservoir are reduced. Stabilizes driving of system over entire operating time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the fuel-cell built-in type electricity generation system.    Fuel cell (2)    Hydrogen reservoir (11)    Catalyst combustor (20)    Hydrogen occlusion material (MH)
NOVELTY - A pipeline supplies hydrogen gas to a fuel cell (5) from a modifier (2). A CO absorber (15) removes carbon monoxide gas from the hydrogen gas. A gas turbine (50) generates electricity using the separated carbon monoxide gas as fuel.    USE - For generating electricity using carbon group fuels such as town gas, LPG, methanol, gasoline, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of the system, since carbon monoxide gas is removed from the hydrogen gas effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (2)    Fuel cell (5)    CO absorber (15)    Gas turbine (50)
NOVELTY - The back-side electrode (4) on the semiconductor substrate (1), has a precious metal portion containing silver and a base metal portion containing aluminum. The precious metal portion is formed in the shape of dotted lines in the base metal portion.    USE - Solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Accurate modularity is obtained, as the precious metal portion is not covered by solder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the manufacturing method of the solar battery element.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Back-side electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The cathode plate includes oxide semiconductor microparticle film (2) formed on a substrate, and the plate current varies more than 0.1 nA for voltage change of -10 V to +10 V.    USE - For pigment sensitized solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved and stability is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of lamination of solar battery.    Oxide semiconductor microparticle film (2)
NOVELTY - A new photo-electric transducer has a photo-sensitive layer of dye-adsorbed semiconductor fine particles. The layer contains a cation polymer.    USE - For photo-sensors, copy machines, or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new transducer provides a higher photo-electric conversion efficiency suitable for solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of producing the photo-electric transducer comprises treating the photo-sensitive layer with cation polymer. The cation polymer is prepared by treating the photo-sensitive layer with polymerizing monomers having cationic groups; then polymerizing the monomers.
NOVELTY - Multiple cells (11) are laminated through a separator (12). A collector plate (19a) and a insulated plate (19b) are provided on the top and bottom respectively of the laminated structure. A board (14) is fixed to both plates to allow connection of the cells at the angular portion.    USE - Fuel cell stack mounted in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Compact arrangement of fuel cell stack is realized and flexibility of layout is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel cell stack.    Cell (11)    Separator (12)    Board (14)    Collector plate (19a)    Insulated plate (19b)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a hydrogen generator (21), a fuel cell (8) and a burner (9). The burner burns the hydrogen in the off gas ejected from the fuel cell.    USE - For motor vehicle and small scale power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen in off gas is burnt and hence safely is ensured. The ejection of Nox, is prevented and hence environment cleanliness is enhanced. The heat generated while combusting the off gas is used for conversion of water vapor to water and heating air and heating of fuel, and hence energy is conserved and efficient fuel cell system is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (8)    Burner (9)    Hydrogen generator (21)
NOVELTY - An oxygen pole is maintained at acidic atmosphere by mixing carbon dioxide in oxidizing agent gas supplied to the oxygen pole.    USE - For recovery of characteristics of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell used for consumer applications.    ADVANTAGE - The deterioration of fuel cell due to impurity ions such as metal ion is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the characteristics of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An elastic linear bead (21) is integrally provided to one surface of a separator (10).    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction of sealing property by deviation when fastening of the stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the sealing structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separator (10)    Linear bead (21)
NOVELTY - The solar battery has a semiconductor layer (10) formed on a substrate (5) surface. The semiconductor layer is a diamond-like crystal layer (10) comprising N-layers (9A), I-layers (9B), and P-layers (9C) formed in order on the substrate by a diamond-like carbon thin film. The battery further comprises a transparent and electroconductive oxide film (7) layer formed on upper face of a light receptive side.    USE - For solar panel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery has excellent wear resistance, durability and electrical property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (5)    Transparent electroconductive oxide film (7)    N-layers (9A)    I-layers (9B)    P-layers (9C)    Diamond-like crystal (DLC) layer (10)    Solar battery (11)
NOVELTY - A lower electrode with n+ type layer and upper electrode are formed on a p-type semiconductor substrate. Thin line (511) for p-type collector and p-type main electrodes (512,513) are formed on lower side of the substrate. The contact area of main electrode (513) and substrate is larger than the overlapping area of the main electrodes.    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Favorable soldering and excellent electrical characteristics are attained at the time of connecting several solar batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of solar battery.    Thin line (511)    Main electrodes (512,513)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor thin film electrode contains an oxide semiconductor thin film (2), formed on the surface of a substrate. The thin film electrode has corrugations on the surface, with average peak interval of 1 micron or more, 10 point average roughness (Rz) of 2 microns or less and degree of asymmetry (Rsk) of 1 or less.    USE - For solar batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Semiconductor thin film electrode has excellent physical properties, and forms solar battery having high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar battery.    Oxide semiconductor thin film (2)
NOVELTY - The substrate (20) with thin film formed of one or more metals chosen from aluminum, tin, zinc, antimony, indium, gallium, silver, nickel, tellurium and germanium, is installed in a vacuum tank. Raw material gas of silicon is supplied and a thin silicon film is formed on substrate by plasma discharge.    USE - For silicon group thin film formation, used for thin film transistor or solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - A silicon thin film of high quality is formed at high speed on substrate such as glass, ceramics, metal, resin etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The raw material gas is silane, disilane, halosilane or their mixtures, diluted by 0.5-20 mol% hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows internal perspective view of manufacture apparatus of silicon thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (20)
NOVELTY - The insulating metal foil band (1) has an insulated skin layer, formed by applying a coating material (6) on one surface of a metal foil band having thickness of 10-200 mum. The coating material comprises polyether sulfone resin as principal component and 5-40 volume% of pigment having mean particle diameter of 3-30 nm.    USE - For amorphous silicon solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The insulating metal foil band has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and insulating property. Generation of cracks or pin-holes on the surface is prevented. The film thickness of metal foil band is effectively controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for insulating metal foil band manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows production of photogravure system.    Metal foil band (1)    Coating material (6)
NOVELTY - Recycling of CdTe/CdS thin layer solar cell modules comprises mechanically crushing the modules; heating the crushed pieces containing a hydrocarbon adhesive at at least 300 degrees C and removing the gaseous decomposition products; and further heat treating the crushed pieces in a chlorine-containing atmosphere at more than 400 degrees C; and cooling the CdCl2 and TeCl2 formed.    USE - Used for CdTe/CdS thin layer solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The process is cost effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A chlorine- or nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere is used. The process additionally comprises etching the TCO layer with HCl gas which is diluted with nitrogen. The chlorine- and nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere contains chlorine and nitrogen in a partial pressure ratio of chlorine to nitrogen of 0.01-0.1.
NOVELTY - The electrochemical cell comprises electrodes with an electrolyte (7) in ionic communication with the electrodes. The electrolyte comprises polymer matrix materials (5,6) which comprise a polymer with the monomer(s) such as water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated acids and acid derivatives, and a cross-linking agent.    USE - As e.g. battery, fuel cell, sensors, electro chemical gas separation systems, electrochromic devices like smart windows and flat panel displays, and protein separation devices.    ADVANTAGE - Since the cathode of the cell is a solid, blocking of air channels by water is prevented. Hence, the cell has extended life time. The polymer matrix material swells enough to provide sufficient electrolyte volume and desired conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrochemical cell comprises electrodes with an electrolyte in ionic communication with the electrodes. The electrolyte comprises polymer matrix material which comprises a polymer with the monomer(s) such as water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated acids and acid derivatives, and a cross-linking agent. The quantity of water used for polymerization swells the polymer material to a defined volume upon curing. The water in the polymer matrix material is preferably replaced with a desired group.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic depiction of zinc/air fuel cell.    Polymer matrix materials (5,6)    Electrolyte (7)
NOVELTY - A solar cell includes bypass function region which forms a bypass circuit between a substrate and a first region using a depletion layer formed inside the substrate by reverse voltage.    USE - The solar cell is used in photovoltaic power generation for obtaining the desired output current and output voltage.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell prevents fluctuation in current characteristics due to fluctuation in diffusion layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate (1) of a first conductive type. A first region of a second conductive type is provided on the substrate. A bypass function region (17) including a second region of a second conductive type is provided on the substrate and spaced a predetermined distance from the first region. A third region sets the substrate and the second region at the same potential. A reverse voltage is applied between the substrate and the first region. The bypass function region forms a bypass circuit between the substrate and the first region using a depletion layer formed inside the substrate by the reverse voltage.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for fabricating the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross section of the solar cell.    Substrate (1)    Surface electrode (7)    Bypass function region (17)
NOVELTY - Targets (51-53) containing multiple kinds of semiconductor compounds are arranged inside a vacuum chamber (1). A power supply controller (6) controls the power supply to each target sequentially.    USE - For solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Forms high quality compound semiconductor film within short time. Improves energy conservation efficiency of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of compound semiconductor film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Vacuum chamber (1)    Power supply controller (6)    Targets (51-53)
NOVELTY - The CIGS type compound semiconductor film is formed on a substrate by sputtering method. Sputtering is performed stepwise by controlling the supply of electric power to each target using a target comprising selenium compound of multiple kinds to form a compound semiconductor.    USE - For forming compound semiconductor which forms CIGS type compound semiconductor film used as optical absorption layer of thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - High quality CIGS thin film with large grain size and reproducibility, is formed within short period of time. High solar battery with energy conversion efficiency is mass-produced easily using the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process for forming CIGS thin film on base material surface. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The life span diagnosis data acquired from a fuel cell in a motor vehicle (5), is transmitted to a degradation information collection apparatus (1) through wireless or cable line (7). The apparatus diagnoses the fuel cell life span and correspondingly transmits the information for exchanging the fuel cell to the fuel cell supplying unit (4).    USE - For transaction of fuel cell used in motor vehicles e.g. car.    ADVANTAGE - The life span data of many fuel cells are collected easily and simply, and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell transaction system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell transacting system.    Degradation information collection apparatus (1)    Fuel cell supplying unit (4)    Motor vehicle (5)    Cable line (7)
NOVELTY - The quartz removal method, involves inserting a quartz adhered silicon (2) in a cylindrical container (1) for separating the quartz (7) from silicon (6). The container is rotated at predetermined rotation speed for predetermined time. The discharge from container is classified to predetermined particle size, and smaller particles are discarded.    USE - For removing the quartz from silicon, and for using silicon as a production starting material of a solar battery, used as electrical power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The cost of a solar battery is reduced, as the production starting material is cheaply produced by removing the quartz from silica.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for quartz removal apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the quartz removal apparatus for removing the welding quartz from silicon. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylindrical container (1)    Quartz adhered silicon (2)    Silicon (6)    Quartz (7)
NOVELTY - A silicone film contains 0.005-5 atom% a halogen atom and 0.01-15 atom % a hydrogen atom, and has an optical forbidden band width of 1.55-1.75 eV.    USE - Useful in a photoelectromotive force element.    ADVANTAGE - Visible light is effectively absorbed and photo-deterioration resistance is high.
NOVELTY - A metal paste is applied on a substrate. The substrate is baked at a temperature of 250-400 degrees C for 45-90 minutes to form silicon thin film.    USE - For forming silicon thin film used in solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Silicon thin film with high rate of crystallization is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Semiconductor thin film;    (b) Amorphous silicon solar battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the semiconductor thin film formation method.
NOVELTY - A photo semiconductor electrode (3) and a counter electrode (5) are attached through a hardening type high molecular compound (8) dispersed with the insulated shock absorbing material particles (6).    USE - Optoelectric transducer for solar battery used as auxiliary power supply of portable small-sized electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to obtain transducer with stable photoelectric conversion characteristics and increases yield of transducer by dispersing particle of insulated shock absorbing material in hardening type high molecular compound.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Optoelectric transducer manufacturing method;    (b) Photoelectric conversion module of optoelectric transducer    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of optoelectric transducer.    Photo semiconductor electrode (3)    Counter electrode (5)    Insulated shock absorbing material particles (6)    Hardening type high molecular compound (8)
NOVELTY - Upper and lower collector pole frames (1) respectively include convex protrusion and concave groove which are provided in accord with each other. An adhesive layer of thickness ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm is coated between the top surface of gasket (2) and the upper frame.    USE - Fuel cell frame.    ADVANTAGE - Since gasket has simple cross-section, collector pole frame attachments becomes simple and highly reliable safety mounting is obtained, thereby reducing detachment time and manufacturing cost. Excellent moldability is enabled and an inexpensive gasket is obtained easily. Because of simple structure of gasket, limitation to gasket material is eliminated, sealing performance and durability are improved. Clear path is provided between frames for heating gas, water, thereby increasing the efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of collector pole frames in connected condition. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Collector pole frames (1)    Gasket (2)
NOVELTY - Sunlight electricity generation system comprises (a) solar battery module for electricity generation; (b) member combined with the solar battery module; and (c) sealing material, comprising saturated hydrocarbon-based polymer crosslinked by siloxane bond, provided to a given position for a structure formed of the solar battery module and the member.    USE - The sunlight electricity generation system is placed on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The sunlight electricity generation system has superior weather resistance, water resistance, and waterproof.
NOVELTY - A sintered discrete interlayer (22) consisting of two phase particle mixture, is disposed between solid electrolyte (20) and air electrode (24). The particle size of interlayer, is 0.5-5 mum. The thickness of interlayer is 10-40 mum with porosity of 5-50%. The size of 50 weight percentage (wt.%) of particles in interlayer, is less than 3 mum.    USE - For electrochemical generators.    ADVANTAGE - The sintered interlayer of specific thickness and porosity, and specific size particles, improves performance of fuel cell at lower operating temperature. Reduces fuel consumption per unit of power generated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The two phase mixture consists of 20-80 wt.% of material selected from group consisting of Scandia stabilized zirconia particle, yttria stabilized zirconia particles, doped cerium oxide particles and 20-80 wt.% of material selected from the group consisting of doped lanthanum manganite particles, doped lanthanum chromite particles and platinum particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the magnified view of particle distribution in fuel cell.    Solid electrolyte (20)    Sintered discrete interlayer (22)    Air electrode (24)
NOVELTY - The principal surface of the single crystal wafer constitutes a surface or a surface equivalent to the surface having angles of inclination of alpha (0 degrees less than alpha less than 90 degrees) in (011) orientation with respect to the (100) axis of the single crystal, beta (0 degrees less than beta less than 90 degrees) in (011) orientation, and gamma (0 degrees at most gamma at most 45 degrees) in (10-1) or (101) direction.    USE - Production of MIS-type semiconductor device or a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Single crystal material losses are reduced by providing a single crystal wafer that withstands a device process despite being a thin wafer. MIS-type semiconductor device or a solar cell can be produced at low costs by using the wafer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The manufacturing method of gallium (Ga) doped silicon single crystal, involves doping gallium by Czochralski (Cz) method. Single crystal is grown by adding aluminum (Al) at a composition lower than that of gallium.    USE - For silicon single crystal solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Generation of OSF caused by contamination of heavy metal like copper is inhibited. Photodegradation after light irradiation is not reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar battery is improved. High purity raw materials are not used, thus cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The concentration of Ga in the crystal is 3x1015-5x1017 atoms/cm3. The concentration of aluminum is 1x1013-5x1015 atoms/cm3. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Gallium doped silicon single crystal;    (b) Silicon single crystal solar battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of single crystal drawing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A high frequency electric power is applied between an anode (2) and a cathode (4), insulated by a dielectric (3) arranged in a chamber (1). A plasma layer is formed between the cathode and the anode, so as to satisfy a relation Ldivide2at leastdat least0.737asteriskfasteriskepsilon r, where L is dimension of cathode, epsilon r is dielectric constant, f is frequency of electric power and d is distance between cathode and chamber.    USE - For creating plasma for manufacture of electronic devices such as liquid crystal display and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - A uniform plasma layer can be obtained by applying equalize electric field between anode and cathode, even when plasma excitation frequency is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electronic device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of chamber of capacitive coupling type plasma device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Chamber (1)    Anode (2)    Dielectric (3)    Cathode (4)
NOVELTY - A crystalline silicon layer (3) comprising a polycrystalline silicon layer (34) of thickness less than 1.0 microns and a fine crystalline layer (31) is provided between upper and lower electrodes (4,2) of a substrate (1). The polycrystalline layer has silicon crystals with mean particle diameter of 0.1 microns and sensitivity less than 10 OMEGAcm. The density of crystalline silicon layer is 1.64-2.33 g/cm3.    USE - Installed in building roofs and walls for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - By using the crystalline silicon layer, the solar energy absorption rate is improved without coarsening the polycrystalline silicon layer, hence the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a thin silicon film solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin silicon film solar battery.    Substrate (1)    Lower electrode (2)    Crystalline silicon layer (3)    Upper electrode (4)    Fine crystalline layer (31)    Polycrystalline silicon layer (34)
NOVELTY - A junction portion (903) joins the electrodes (901-1, 902) electrically and mechanically. The density of the electro conductive particles (903-1) in the junction portion is reduced near the surface of electrode (901-1).    USE - E.g. Solar battery for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The stress resistant property of photovoltaic cell is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of photovoltaic cell and sectional view of junction portion. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrodes (901-1, 902)    Junction portion (903)    Electroconductive particles (903-1)
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic device has an I-type amorphous silicon thin film (2) formed between a N-type single crystal silicon substrate (1) and a P-type amorphous silicon thin film (3). The concentration of boron atom introduced into the boundary surface area of the I-type amorphous silicon thin film, is less than 5x10 Power 19 cm (-3) and more than 1x10 Power 18 cm (-3).    USE - E.g. solar cell using hetero semiconductor joining.    ADVANTAGE - By introducing suitable amount of boron to boundary surface area of I-type amorphous silicon thin film, recombination of carrier in boundary surface is suppressed and joining property is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of photovoltaic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows band structural drawing of semiconductor joining in photovoltaic device.    N-type single crystal silicon substrate (1)    I-type amorphous silicon thin film (2)    P-type amorphous silicon thin film (3)
NOVELTY - The functional film has at least two functional layers (12,13) on a support (11). At least one of the two functional layers is compressed layer of functional microparticles.    USE - The functional film comprising conductive layer and photocatalyst layer, is used for solar batteries. The functional film can be combined with functional layers such as magnetic layer, ferromagnetic layer, dielectric layer, ferroelectric layer, insulating layer, optical absorption layer, optical selective absorption layer, reflex layer, anti reflex layer, catalyst layer, photocatalyst layer, color development layer, emitter layer, electrochromic or electroluminescent film, to form multilayered functional films.    ADVANTAGE - The functional film can be easily manufactured at low temperature by coating. The functional film eliminates problems associated with resin binders used conventionally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for functional film manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the multilayered structure of functional film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Support (11)    Functional layers (12,13)
NOVELTY - The composite molding consists of nuclear phase provided with network-like phase consisting of a chain polymer, at its circumference. By the observation of resin composite by transmission electron microscope (TEM), network structure with average network diameter of 0.01-10 mum is confirmed. The molding has a co-continuous phase structure consisting of cross-linked polymer and electroconductive chain polymer.    USE - For electrode of input devices, display devices such as liquid crystal panel and electroluminescence element, touch panel, solar battery and polymer battery, surface heat-emitting material, fog prevention glass, electromagnetic wave reflection prevention material and anti-static material.    ADVANTAGE - Flexibility, strength and transparency of the conductive resin molding are excellent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the conductive resin composite molding. A uniform liquid mixture containing an electroconductive chain polymer and a cross-linking polymerizable compound, is shaped. Phase separation of the liquid mixture is induced by temperature change or energy-beam irradiation. Fixation of co-continuous phase structure consisting of cross-linked polymer and electroconductive chain polymer, is performed by hardening a cross-linking polymerizable compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the conductive resin molding.
NOVELTY - A cadmium telluride (Cd-Te) powder contains only powder having grain size of 0.1 mum or more.    USE - For Cd-Te film formation used in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The Cd-Te powder has minute structure, does not have porosity in the boundary surface, and forms Cd-Te film inexpensively. The Cd-Te film forms solar battery having excellent output characteristics such as conversion efficiency, and high quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Manufacture of Cd-Te film formation which involves forming a Cd-Te film on a substrate, using a source material comprising Cd-Te powder; and (ii) Solar battery which has transparent electrically conductive film comprising Cd-Te film and Cd-S film, formed on a transparent insulated substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows spectral sensitivity characteristics of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The method involves applying paste consisting of silver powder, metal halide such as iridium chloride, glass powder, organic binder and organic solvent on the surface of a solar battery and then baking to form silver electrode. Solder coating is performed after pre-processing, by using flux which does not contain the halide.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since flux that does not include halide as an activator is used, favorable cell property is maintained. Prevents corrosion and inferior solder of electrode by simple washing process. Reliable cell can be manufactured using simple process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the flux used in solar battery manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows abridging sectional view of the manufactured solar battery.
NOVELTY - Silicate ions, and dopant-containing ions, are deposited anodically onto the wafer, from aqueous solution.    USE - To make a doped silicate film on a silicon wafer, to produce a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - This method can be carried out by a concern with small resources. More dangerous and costly prior art methods, using elaborate plant, are avoided. Little capital cost is involved. Chemicals employed are safer and more easily handled. They are also merely of commercial purity, and are low in cost. Contaminant cations are separated from the film-forming anions during deposition.
NOVELTY - Tungsten carbide material has x-ray diffraction pattern comprising (a) primary x-ray diffraction peak (reflection angle d-spacing 2.39 +/-0.02 Angstrom ); (b) first secondary x-ray diffraction peak (1.496 +/-0.007 Angstrom ); and (c) second secondary x-ray diffraction peak (1.268 +/-0.005 Angstrom ). Relative peak height of (b) to (a) is 25-40%, and of (c) to (a) is 35-55%.    USE - The material comprises extremely small crystallites and is used in catalyst applications, e.g. conversion of methane to synthesis gas via steam reforming and dry reforming and for water-gas shift reactions; oxidation of H2 gas at room temperature, especially in low temperature fuel cell applications such as PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane), sulfuric acid and direct methanol types.    ADVANTAGE - High surface area. Abundant, relatively low cost starting materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A tungsten carbide (WC) material comprises tungsten and carbon. The material has an x-ray diffraction pattern comprising    (a) a primary x-ray diffraction peak (reflection angle d-spacing 2.39 +/-0.02 Angstrom );    (b) first secondary x-ray diffraction peak (reflection angle d-spacing 1.496 +/-0.007 Angstrom ); and    (c) second secondary x-ray diffraction peak (reflection angle d-spacing 1.268 +/-0.005 Angstrom ).    Relative peak height of (b) to (a) is 25-40%. Relative peak height of (c) to (a) is 35-55%.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming a high-surface-area WC material.
NOVELTY - An N-type nitride semiconductor laminate comprises a substrate (1), a buffer layer (2) made of aluminum gallium nitride formed on a surface of the substrate and an n-side nitride semiconductor layer formed on the buffer layer.    USE - Light emitting devices (e.g. light emitting diode and laser diode), solar cells, light receiving devices (e.g. optical sensors) and electronic devices (e.g. transistors and power devices).    ADVANTAGE - The laminate enables the manufacture of the semiconductor device with high yield. It improves the static withstand voltage of the resulting devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An N-type nitride semiconductor laminate comprises a substrate, a buffer layer made of aluminum gallium nitride (AlaGa1-aN, where a is 0.05-0.8, preferably 0.1-0.8) formed on a substrate surface and an n-side nitride semiconductor layer formed on the buffer layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a semiconductor device comprising an N-type nitride semiconductor laminate formed on a buffer layer on a substrate. The N-type nitride semiconductor laminate is formed by laminating n-side and p-side nitride semiconductor layers with an active layer interposed between the layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a section of the nitride semiconductor device.    Substrate (1)    Buffer layer (2)    Undoped layer (3)    N-type contact layer (4)    First multi-layered film (5)    First multi-layered film (5)    Second multi-layered film (6)    Active layer (7)
NOVELTY - A sol dispersed with particles (3) is coated with a particle film (2) and is formed on surface of a base material (1). A metallic oxide film (4) such as titanium oxide or thin oxide film, contacts metal fluoride solution or fluoride complex solution. The particles on the surface of metallic oxide film is precipitated to form a film (5).    USE - For manufacturing pigment-sensitizing type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides increased photoelectric conversion efficiency in a short time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional diagram of the prototype layers of solar battery.    Base material (1)    Particle film (2)    Particles (3)    Metallic oxide film (4)    Film (5)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor (101), a mixed crystal semiconductor, and a mixture (hereinafter called semiconductor composition) of a luminescence material, or a luminescence material are formed through a process to sinter the fine particles of the above.    USE - Useful in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Generating efficiency and capacity to clean contaminated water are remarkably improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows an approximate drawing indicating structure of solar battery.    Semiconductor (101)
NOVELTY - Optoelectric transducer has several photosensitive layers (20) containing porous semiconductor microparticles (21), having mutually different optical absorption wavelength range.    USE - Used for photoelectric cell (claimed) used as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Condensing efficiency and energy conversion efficiency are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of structure of the optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Photosensitive layer (20)    Semiconductor microparticle (21)
NOVELTY - Production of semiconductor and metal wafers comprises solidifying a melt of a semiconductor, metal or a mixture of several semiconductors and/or metals on a moving substrate. The melt has a temperature between the melting temperature of the material used and a temperature of 5degrees C above this melting temperature in the region of the substrate and a temperature gradient is adjusted in the melt.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells or semiconductor components (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The critical process parameters can be kept stable in a simple manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for producing semiconductor and metal wafers.    Preferred Features: The melt has a temperature between the melting temperature and 1degrees C in the region of the outlet of the substrate. The temperature in the region of the substrate inlet and the temperature gradient can be sufficiently adjusted in the melt so that the metal and/or semiconductor material only begins to stabilize when it has a macroscopic flat contact with the substrate.
NOVELTY - Solar cell comprises diode elements (21) with a perforated structure formed on a substrate made of monocrystalline silicon (1) having a first main surface (2) and a second main surface (3). The elements are produced on a p-substrate by forming a first n+-doped region (22) and the holes are equidistant from each other.    USE - Used as a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is reliable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a solar cell. Preferred Features: The second main surface is covered with a first p+-doped region (31) and a metallic contact layer (32). The holes are approximately 50 mum apart. The metallic contact layer consists of a series of layers of Al/Ti/Pd/Ag.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar cell.    monocrystalline silicon (1)    first mains surface (2)    second main surface (3)    diode elements (21)    first n+-doped region(31) first p+-doped region (22)    metallic contact layer (32)
NOVELTY - The preparation of fuel cell anodes for alcohol fuels comprises forming of an intermediatee layer between the diffusor and catalyst layers of the traditional anodes, based on a coating containing diamonds. In this system the oxidation of the organic material and of its by-products occurs before contamination of the catalyst element in the case of platinum-based catalysts.    USE - In electrochemistry.
NOVELTY - Method for plasma-catalytic conversion of fossil fuel (A) to synthesis gas (B) by reaction of hydrocarbons in (A) with air and optionally water vapor. The air is preheated and part of (A) is burnt to give reaction products (RP) and residue (R). A reaction mixture is formed from R, combustion products and optionally water vapor and passed to a plasma-catalytic reactor where the plasma functions as catalyst for accelerating conversion of (A) to (B).    USE - The method is used to produce hydrogen-rich gases, e.g. for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides increased conversion of (A) to (B) and improves both the composition of the product mixture and energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for the process.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode arranged opposite to each other via an electrolytic membrane. The fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode contain a needle-like carbonaceous material and are directly formed on the electrolytic membrane. A needle-like carbonaceous material includes carbon nanotube and needle-like graphite.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of directly forming a fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode on an electrolytic membrane includes a spray method and a dripping method. A needle-like carbonaceous material such as carbon nanotube forms an intertwined membrane structure to allow electrodes to be directly formed on an electrolytic membrane.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprising a fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode arranged opposite to each other via a proton conductor. The fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode have carbon-nanotube-containing collectors that are high in strength and density.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The collectors deliver their own excellent functions while being assisted by a good electronic conductivity specific to carbon nanotube itself. In addition, a collector containing carbon nanotube eliminates the need of paying attention to the mechanical strengths of a fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode to thereby be able to reduce these electrodes in thickness.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode arranged opposite to each other via a proton conductor membrane. The fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode use carbonaceous material powder as an electrode material, and have on their surface a proton conductor having proton dissociative radicals introduced into a carbonaceous material containing carbon as a main component.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A proton conductor, having proton dissociative radicals introduced into a carbonaceous material containing carbon as a main component, e.g. carbon cluster such as fullerene and carbon nanotube, delivers a good proton conductivity even without being humidified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrodes can be produced by dipping carbonaceous material powder serving as an electrode material into a solvent containing a proton conductor having proton dissociative radicals introduced into a carbonaceous material containing carbon as a main component.
NOVELTY - A carbonaceous material produced by generating arc discharging between carbon-based electrodes is directly deposited on a proton conductor to form a fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode, while a catalyst material is mixed into the carbon-based electrodes to allow the fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode to carry the catalyst metal.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Since a carbonaceous material generated by arc discharging is directly deposited on a proton conductor as a support to form electrodes, electrodes can be reduced in thickness, thereby carrying out cell reaction effectively to improve a cell performance in the produced fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The proton conductor used is formed by introducing proton dissociative radicals into a carbonaceous material serving as a base and containing carbon as a main component.
NOVELTY - An air filter assembly (10) has a filter element (15) accommodated in a housing. A physical and a chemical filter block are provided in the filter element to remove particulate and chemical contaminants from air, respectively. The cleaned air is fed to a fuel cell.    USE - For generating power in a fuel cell of a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures effective removal of contaminants from air, thereby catalytic process efficiency is enhanced. Enables removal of liquid contaminants and acid contaminants from air, due to use of dual filter structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell assembly including the filter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the power generation system.    Air filter assembly (10)    Filter element (15)
NOVELTY - Solar generator comprises several solar cells (2) mounted at a distance from each other on a support (6) and covered with sealing layers (1) on at least the side facing away from the support material. Conducting layers (5) are applied to the sealing layers and there is at least one gap between each solar cell and the neighboring solar cells.    USE - Used for spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The solar generator is easy to manufacture. Effective prevention of primary discharge is guaranteed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: At least one of the gaps per solar cell is filled at least along a part of its length between neighboring solar cells with a conducting adhesive (3) from the support material up to the conducting layers.    The conducting layers (5) cover at least partial regions of the surfaces (8) of the sealing layers facing away from the solar cells.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing the solar generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a solar generator.    Sealing layer (1)    Solar cell (2)    Conducting adhesive (3)    Conducting layer (5)    Support (6)    Surface of sealing layer (8)
NOVELTY - A solar cell has a layer of light harvesting rods comprising a specified polymer, electrically coupled to a first electrode.    USE - Used in electrical devices, e.g. radios, televisions, computers (such as personal computers), processors, calculators, telephones, wireless communication devices such as pagers, watches, emergency location devices, electric vehicles, emergency power supplies, power generators, lights or lamps, and other illuminating devices, monitoring devices, inspection devices, radiation detectors, imaging devices, or optical coupling devices.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is thin (e.g. rods not greater than 500 or even 200 nm in length), lightweight, portable, flexible, and has good efficiency. It can be easily fabricated, has rational molecular design, and has high absorption coefficient. It provides strong absorption of light, and provides for energy migration and charge migration in opposite directions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell comprises a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, and a layer of light harvesting rods electrically coupled to the first electrode. The first and second substrates are positioned to form a space between them. At least one of the substrate and the first electrode, and the second substrate and the second electrode is transparent. Each of the light harvesting rods electrically coupled to the first electrode, comprises a polymer of formula X1(Xm+1)m (I). It further comprises an electrolyte in the space between the first and second substrates.    m = at least 1;    X1 = charge separation group having excited-state of energy at most X2;    X2-Xm+1 = chromophores    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrical device comprising a solar cell, and a circuit electrically coupled to the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows diagrams of the two common molecular approaches for light to electric energy conversion.
NOVELTY - A deposited film is formed by forming a film while an opening of a discharge container is adjusted using an opening adjusting plate having a shape which is set so as to reduce non-uniformity of a deposited film thickness in a width direction of the substrate on basis of measurement of a deposition rate distribution.    USE - For forming a deposited film in the production of photovoltaic elements such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method makes it possible to form a deposited film which has a uniform thickness over a large area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of a deposited film comprises generating plasma in a successive vacuum containers and continuously forming a deposited film on a belt-like substrate (104) while continuously moving the substrate in a longitudinal direction of the substrate. The film is formed while an opening (103) of a discharge container is adjusted using an opening adjusting plate (102) having a shape which is set so as to reduce non-uniformity of a deposited film thickness in a width direction of the substrate on basis of measurement of a deposition rate distribution.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for forming a deposited film as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram in which an opening adjusting plate is disposed in an opening of a discharge container to make uniform a film thickness distribution in width direction of a belt-like substrate.    Opening adjusting plate (102)    Opening (103)    Belt-like substrate (104)
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer (10) reforms the remains of hydrocarbon group fuel into hydrogen rich heating gas using water sprayed through water injector while burning a part of fuel sprayed from fuel injector by an ignition device (36) in a mixing chamber (32).    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Responds rapidly to load fluctuation by adjusting the amount of spraying, by heating gas. Minimizes size of the apparatus with improved startability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer is equipped with air blower, fuel injector and water injector which spray gaseous methanol and water respectively into a mixing chamber, such that fuel injector and water injector are positioned oppositely facing each other. The combustion chamber burns a part of fuel sprayed to heat fuel reformer (40). A swirl mixing chamber mixes fuel, water and air by swirl style forming panel which is guided by guide panel so that radius of gyration is large in downstream side. An equalizer equalizes mixing condition of fuel and water so that uniform mixture is sprayed to the reformer. The reformer comprises carbon monoxide reduction section which reduces carbon monoxide concentration in heating gas which is used to heat fuel and water. Hydrogen is separated in the heating gas by hydrogen consumption apparatus and gas which is unable to consume hydrogen is used to heat water and fuel. The combustion flow path and mixed air flow path are arranged such that mixed air flow path supports a reformation catalyst which reforms the fuel of an hydrocarbon group to a part of heating gas using water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of outline composition of fuel cell system.    Fuel reformer (10)    Mixing chamber (32)    Ignition device (36)    Heat fuel reformer (40)
NOVELTY - A new photo-electric transducer comprises semiconductor fine particles which are sensitized with a metal complex dye having nitrogen cation containing groups.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new cells provide a higher open circuit voltage of 0.8 to 0.9 volt.
NOVELTY - Desulfurized raw hydrocarbons are supplied from a desulfurization unit (12) to a steam reforming unit (13) which is heated by a catalyzed combustion unit, when the temperature of the steam reforming unit reaches a predetermined value. The hydrogen containing gas generated by the reforming unit (13) is treated to remove carbon monoxide in a gas denaturation unit (15) and the purified hydrogen gas is stored in storage tank (18).    USE - For controlling temperature during start/stop of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for fuel cell used in vehicles, domestic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size and running cost as the need for additional equipments for start/stop of the apparatus is eliminated. Enhances safety as the use of nitrogen gas cylinder and hydrogen gas cylinder are eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon monoxide removed from the hydrogen containing gas is converted into carbon monoxide and water in the oxidation chamber (17). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for temperature control during stop of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus which involves reducing concentration of combustible gas in the reaction system, with simultaneous gradual reduction in supply of raw hydrocarbons to the steam reforming unit. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is stopped when the temperature of the steam reforming chamber reduces below a predetermined value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the starting method of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Desulfurization unit (12)    Steam reforming unit (13)    Gas denaturation unit(17) Oxidation chamber (15)    Storage tank (18)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer comprises a semiconductor microparticle layer, and an electric charge moving bed having sensitized pigments. The semiconductor microparticle layer contains metallic elements (A, B). One of the metallic elements (B) contains 0.01-50 mol.% of major components of the other metallic element (A).    USE - For photoelectric cells (claimed) or solar photoelectric cells such as single crystal silicon solar batteries, polycrystalline silicon solar batteries and amorphous silicon solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The transducer has high conversion efficiency and is produced easily. The transducer and photoelectric cell have good extraction voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a photoelectric cell; and    (b) a photoelectric cell module.
NOVELTY - A fuel flow rate and output electric power are detected respectively by a flowmeter (61) and a wattmeter (63). Based on the detection results, the efficiency of the fuel cell is calculated by a calculator (64). The calculator has a judging unit (65) which checks the deviation of calculated efficiency from the predetermined efficiency.    USE - For monitoring the abnormality of fuel cells used in e.g. small retail stores, residences or electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Damage to the fuel cell is prevented beforehand irrespective of manual monitoring.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the abnormality monitoring apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Flowmeter (61)    Wattmeter (63)    Calculator (64)    Judging unit (65)
NOVELTY - The system has case (10) enclosing a cell stack, whose inner wall is provided with fibers (11b,12b). A mixture of air and hydrogen is supplied to the casing to produce water. When temperature of cell stack or casing interior is less than freezing point of water, the fiber generates heat.    USE - For supplying power to drive motors of electric vehicles such as motor bicycle.    ADVANTAGE - Freezing of cell stack is prevented by the provision of fibers generating heat under preset conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the casing.    Case (10)    Fibers (11b,12b)
NOVELTY - The silicon raw material is melted in a smelting furnace (12) and is supplied to a cast furnace (13) through a pipe (6). The melting and casting processes are performed in inert helium or argon gas environment at suitable pressure.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - As casting and melting are performed in He or argon gas environment at suitable pressure, product yield is improved and quality is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon crystal manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of cast silicon crystal manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Pipe (6)    Smelting furnace (12)    Cast furnace (13)
NOVELTY - Polyimide precursor solution includes an organic solvent, a solute as salts composed of 3,4'-oxydianiline, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid and/or its derivative and 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid and/or its derivative, and a siloxane unit-containing surface active agent.    USE - Polyimide precursor solution is useful for producing polyimide coated films, interlayers, etc, for use in solar cell substrates, EL element substrates, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The polyimide precursor solution has a low viscosity even at a high content of the precursor and contains the surface active agent to prevent repelling on coating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polyimide precursor solution comprises an organic solvent, a solute as salts composed of (a) 3,4'-oxydianiline of formula (I), (b) 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid and/or its derivative of formula (II) and (c) 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid and/or its derivative of formula (III) (100 parts by weight), and a siloxane unit-containing surface active agent of formula (IV) (0.001-5 parts by weight).    The (b):(c) molar ratio is 0:100 - 90:10.    R1, R2, R3 = 1-5C alkyl group, provided that R1, R2 and R3 are independent of one another; and    R4, R5 = H or 1-5C alkyl group, alkoxy group or phenyl group, provided that R4 and R5 are independent of each other.
NOVELTY - The single crystal thin film material is obtained by performing hetero-epitaxial growth of a single crystal on an oriented silicon steel plate.    USE - For semiconductor device used in solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A high-definitive single crystal thin film material is obtained efficiently and economically. Large size semiconductor substrate is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Semiconductor device formed using the single crystal thin film material; and    (ii) Solar battery formed using the semiconductor device.
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer comprises an electrode (5) having a semiconductor layer (7), a counter electrode, and an electrolyte layer formed between semiconductor layer of electrode and counter electrode. The semiconductor layer consists of porous semiconductor particles (15). A sensitizing dye (17) is provided on the outer surface and pores (19) of semiconductor particles.    USE - As photoelectric transducer such as solar battery and photogalvanic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer showing very high photoelectric output current can be obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor particles have grain size of 5-1000 nm, preferably 10-100 nm, and pores of inner diameter 3-10 nm. The thickness of semiconductor layer is 0.1-100 mum. The electrolyte layer consists of porous support impregnated with electrolytic solution. The porous support has porosity of 30-80%, and thickness of 1 mum to 1 mm. The porous support is a filter and a separator non-woven fabric.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial enlarged sectional drawing of optoelectric transducer.    Electrode (5)    Semiconductor layer (7)    Semiconductor particle (15)    Sensitizing dye (17)    Pore (19)
NOVELTY - Holes for positive and negative electrode formations are opened in a spherical semiconductor element (11). The semiconductor element is immersed in the different plating liquids containing different metal ions for performing non-electrolytic plating without and with irradiation of light, for forming a positive and negative electrodes in the concerned holes respectively.    USE - For solar battery cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since immersing and non-electrolytic plating process are carried out for electrode formation with and without light, mass production of electrode is improved and installation cost is reduced. Formation of copper electrode provides outstanding electroconductivity in weak electrical potential difference.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plating device with spherical semiconductor element in immersed condition. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Spherical semiconductor element (11)    Hole for positive electrode formation (12)    Plating liquid (23)
NOVELTY - The cathode (26) of a fuel cell (4) is supplied with oxygen, and the anode (28) is supplied with gaseous or vapor mixture containing 80 vol.% of carbon dioxide and replacement fuel (50). The fuel reacts with the oxygen ions to create electric current, forming the gaseous or vapor mixture from the fuel and carbon dioxide.    USE - For electrical power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures effective utilization of natural resources, as fuel cell is powered by waste collected from livestock, animals and farm products. As the gas is preheated, effective fuel supply to cell is ensured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (4)    Cathode (26)    Anode (28)    Replacement fuel (50)
NOVELTY - Start-up device comprises a current producing system (12) for producing electrical energy, a gas producing system (13) for producing H2-rich gas for the current producing system, and a combustion engine (1) for producing mechanical energy and connected to an air compressor (3) via a drive shaft (4) for supplying air of the gas producing system.    USE - Used for cold starting fuel cell systems for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A smaller on-board battery is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The engine is connected to the air compressor via a coupling (2) until the operating temperature of the gas producing system is reached.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the start-up device.    combustion engine (1)    coupling (2)    air compressor (3)    drive shaft (4)    current producing system (12)    gas producing system (13)
NOVELTY - Apparatus comprises several chambers (9, 10, 11) for carrying out solid body catalyzed reactions; and a common vaporizing unit (2) for vaporizing liquid educts (1). One region of the vaporizing unit is partially surrounded by the chambers.    USE - Used for autothermally reforming methanol and in fuel cell systems (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The educts can be uniformly and continuously vaporized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The vaporizing unit is completely surrounded by the chambers and has catalyst layers. The vaporizing unit is rigidly fixed to the chambers, preferably by a thermal coupling. The educt is a hydrocarbon, ether and/or alcohol.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the apparatus.    educts (1)    vaporizing unit (2)    chambers (9, 10, 11)
NOVELTY - The fuel processor has a hydrogen generating apparatus (9) with combustion chamber having length-to-diameter ratio ranging from 0.5-4.0. A burner (35) which is mounted on the side wall of the combustion chamber, operates in a high blue flame mode at temperature up to 1920degreesF.    USE - For residential applications.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processor has compact size and maximum energy efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process flow diagram of flow paths of fuel processor.    Hydrogen generating apparatus (9)    Burner (35)
NOVELTY - Temperature of a catalytic reaction device is controlled in a temperature range which is optimum for conducting an oxidation reaction at high conversion efficiency and selectivity and for recovering an exothermic heat of reaction generate steam. The steam is useful for converting hydrocarbon feed stocks to hydrogen rich gases.    USE - For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen rich gas and to produce gas for fuel cell power system.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains high reaction selectivity in the catalytic reaction device due to conducting oxidation reaction at specific range of temperature. Generates steam for converting hydrocarbon feed stocks to hydrogen rich gases by utilizing exothermic heat of reaction due to conducting oxidation reaction at specific range of temperature. Provides high thermal efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for selective oxidation reaction device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of selective oxidation reactor device.
NOVELTY - The production of thin films on a conducting glass substrate comprises a simplified technique for making solar photo electrochemical cells. The raw materials used are monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon.    USE - In photo electrochemical cells production.
NOVELTY - Absorption-desorption of a hydrogen storage alloy includes making the alloy temperature (T2) of the final stage of the hydrogen desorption process a temperature which is higher than an alloy temperature (T1) of the hydrogen absorption process in the initial stage of the hydrogen desorption process so T2 is greater than T1, and the temperature (T2) in this last stage is a temperature such that the hydrogen pressure at the demarcation point of the plateau region of a PCT curve and the inclined region adjacent is at least normal pressure.    USE - Used in the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is effectively utilized as more hydrogen can be absorbed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising a fuel cell which has a hydrogen storage tank including the alloy, a temperature adjusting means which heat or cools the alloy or the environmental temperature of the alloy, a fuel cell which can output a voltage by chemically converting the hydrogen supplied, and a unit for controlling the temperatures as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a graph showing a high pressure PCT curve of the desorption process of Ti38Cr67V5.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen absorption-desorption of a hydrogen storage alloy comprises absorption-desorption of hydrogen by repeated imparting of hydrogen pressure rise and pressure decrease to a body-centered cubic hydrogen storage alloy having two-stage plateau characteristics or inclined plateau characteristics.    USE - Used in the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method can be used for easily desorbing the absorbed hydrogen in the low pressure region of a PCT curve, which has not been desorbed and used previously.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The temperature (T2) of the hydrogen storage alloy in the last stage of a hydrogen desorption step is a temperature higher than the temperature (T0) of the alloy in a hydrogen absorbing step and the temperature (T1) of the alloy in the initial stage of the desorption step (i.e. T2 is greater than T1 at least T0).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a body-centered cubic hydrogen storage alloy having two-stage plateau characteristics or inclined plateau characteristics; and    (2) a fuel cell which has a hydrogen storage tank including the alloy, a temperature adjusting means which heat or cools the alloy or the environmental temperature of the alloy, a fuel cell which can output a voltage by chemically converting the hydrogen supplied, and a unit for controlling the temperatures as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 3 shows the PCT curve of a Ti40Cr58Mo2 alloy and 4 parallel lines and points.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen forming device has a hydrogen gas supply part; a converter which has a conversion catalyst; a carbon monoxide concentration detection means; and a supply amount control means.    USE - Used in co-generation systems which use fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Condensation of steam ion the hydrogen gas is prevented. Hydrogen gas of low carbon monoxide concentration is stably supplied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen forming device has:    (1) a hydrogen gas supply part which accepts supply of raw material and water and forms hydrogen gas including at least carbon monoxide and steam;    (2) a converter which has a conversion catalyst, accepts supply of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas supply part and converts hydrogen gas;    (3) a carbon monoxide concentration detection means which accepts a supply of converted gas and detects carbon monoxide in the gas; and    (4) a supply amount control means which controls the supply amount of raw material and/or water to the hydrogen gas supply part.    The supply amount control means reduces the supply amount of raw material to the hydrogen supply part, reduces the supply amount of raw material and water to the hydrogen gas supply part or increases the supply amount of water to the hydrogen gas supply part when the concentration of detected carbon monoxide is larger than the previously measured value.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) a program for making a computer function as all or part of the supply amount control means; and    (2) a medium which can be processed by a computer which can retain the program.
NOVELTY - The level of gaseous sulfur compounds, in a gaseous stream, is reduced by contacting the stream with a sorber that is in the form of at least one layer on the surface of a monolith carrier. The layers have a total thickness of at least 3 g/in3 of the carrier.    USE - The process is for the reduction of gaseous compounds (such as H2S, COS, mercaptans, etc.) in a gaseous stream, especially a gaseous stream that has been pre-treated to reduce the level of gaseous sulfur compounds to below 25 ppm. It is preferably used for the reduction of gaseous H2S (claimed). The process is particularly used in fuel cells that require gaseous sulfur compounds to be reduced to as low a level as practicable in order to avoid poisoning the environment or catalysts, such as steam reforming catalysts, water-gas shift catalysts, etc. Fuel cell electrodes will rapidly become inactivated as the result of high levels of gaseous sulfur compounds in the fuel stream since the electrodes contain precious metal components (e.g. platinum) which are extremely sensitive to the presence of sulfur compounds.    ADVANTAGE - The process will 'polish' a desulfurized fuel stream containing around 25 ppm gaseous sulfur compounds and further reduce the level of such compounds in an efficient manner to less than 100 ppb for at least one hour, i.e. before breakthrough commences breakthrough is the point at which the level of gaseous sulfur compounds commences rising above 100 ppb.
NOVELTY - Activation of a catalyst, e.g. a supported ruthenium catalyst, for carbon monoxide removal from an alcohol reforming gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide involves contact with an inert gas optionally containing less than 50 vol.% hydrogen.    USE - The resulting gas is used in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The poisoning of a fuel cell electrode by carbon monoxide is prevented.
NOVELTY - A converter (18) converts the water supplied from a water source into hydrogen and oxygen gases, when power is supplied from a power source (28). A hydrogen power plant (22) converts the hydrogen gas into utilizable energy. A power distribution device (30) electrically connected to the power source, converter and the power plant, distributes generated energy to various external devices.    USE - For on-board fossil fuel engines such as diesel, fuel oil or gasoline engines used in potential marine vessels such as government vessels, military watercraft, submarines, oceanic research vessels, low enforcement vessels, search and rescue vessels, harbor pilot ships, environmental clean-up boats/ships, commercial vessels such as passenger transports, water bus, cruise ships, ferries, charter boats, scenic vessels, party boats, scuba-diving boats, cargo transports, container ships, coastal freighters, auto carriers, oil and other bulk carriers, tugs, oil rig work/support boats, lake and river marine vehicles. Also for aircraft.    ADVANTAGE - Since hydrogen is used for generating power, new refueling infrastructure is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen gas production and utilization method which involves distributing energy generated from hydrogen gas to power consuming components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of hydrogen production and utilization method.    Converter (18)    Hydrogen power plant (22)    Power source (28)    Power distribution device (30)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen purification apparatus comprises: (1) a conversion part for converting carbon monoxide, having a conversion catalyst containing a noble metal and a metal oxide; and (2) a hydrogen gas supply part which supplies hydrogen containing carbon monoxide to the conversion part.    USE - Hydrogen is purified for use in fuel cells used in the production of electricity by e.g. co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows good efficiency of removing CO even when the start and shut-down of the apparatus are frequently repeated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen purification apparatus comprises:    (1) a conversion part for converting carbon monoxide, having a conversion catalyst containing a noble metal and a metal oxide; and    (2) a hydrogen gas supply part which supplies hydrogen containing carbon monoxide to the conversion part.    In the flow of the hydrogen gas, the temperature in the upstream side of the conversion part is 300-500 degrees C and in the downstream side is at most 300 degrees C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the hydrogen purification apparatus.    Reforming Part (1)    Reforming Catalyst (2)    Heating Part (2)    Conversion Part (3)    Conversion catalyst (3a)    Purification Part (4)    Purification catalyst (4a)    raw Material Source (5)    Hydrogen Supply Part (6)    Gas Flow Path (7)    Air Supply Part (8)    Conversion First Temperature Measuring Part (9)    Conversion Second Temperature Measuring Part (10)    Purification First Temperature Measuring Part (11)    Purification Second Temperature Measuring Part (12)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generator comprises a reforming part with a raw material supply part and a water supply part, and a burner for heating the reforming part which has a fuel feed part and an air feed part. The device has a controller which controls the air amount fed to the burner based on signals from the raw material supply part and signals from the reforming temperature detector part.    USE - The hydrogen generator is used to produce hydrogen for e.g. fuel cells using hydrocarbons as a raw material.    ADVANTAGE - The burning state of the burner is stabilized to increase controllability and ease of handling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen generator has a reforming part with a raw material supply part and a water supply part, and a burner for heating the reforming part which has a fuel feed part and an air feed part. The device has a controller which controls the air amount fed from the gas flow path which leads gas from the hydrogen generator to the burner, a part which measures the temperature of the reforming part, the raw material supply part and the air feed part to the burner based on signals from the raw material supply part and signals from the reforming temperature detector part.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a hydrogen generator (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Raw Materials Supply Part (1)    Water Supply Part (2)    Reforming Part (3)    Conversion Part (4)    Purification Part (5)    Three-Way valve (6)    Fuel Cell (7)    Burner (8)    Fuel Supply Part (9)    Air Supply Part (10)    Exhaust Port (11)    Temperature Detectors (12-14)    Controller Part (15)
NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion device comprises first conductivity-type crystalline semiconductor particles (3); an insulator formed on substrate area; and a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer (4) formed over the crystalline semiconductor particles and the insulator.    USE - Used in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invented device yields a large manufacturing margin, thus allowing for a low-cost production. It also exhibits good covering performance and has high conversion efficiency, and has little dependence on the light incidence angle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric conversion device comprises:    a first conductivity-type crystalline semiconductor particles deposited on and in contact with a substrate (1);    an insulator formed in an area on the substrate where the crystalline semiconductor particles are not present; and    a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer formed over the crystalline semiconductor particles and the insulator to form PN-junction between the semiconductor layer and the crystalline semiconductor particles.    The second conductivity-type semiconductor layer comprises a semiconductor layer including a crystalline semiconductor and an amorphous semiconductor in a mixed manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device.    Substrate (1)    Crystalline semiconductor particles (3)    Semiconductor layer (4)
NOVELTY - A pigment-sensitized photoelectric conversion element has a conductive layer, a pigment-adsorbed semiconductor-containing photosensitive layer, a charge transport layer, and a paired electrode.    USE - The pigment-sensitized photoelectric conversion element is used for the photocell and the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion element has superior durability and photoelectric conversion characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The charge transport layer consists of an electrolytic composition containing a compound of formulas (1), (2), or (3), and a high-molecular compound.    Qy1 = optionally substituent-bearing atomic group forming five-membered or six-membered ring aromatic cation in conjunction with nitrogen;    Ry1 = optionally substituted alk(en)yl;    Ay1 = nitrogen or phosphorus;    Ry2-Ry5 = optionally substituted alk(en)yl and may form Ay1-containing nonaromatic ring by linking two or more of Ry2-Ry6 together;    Ry6-Ry11 = optionally substituted alk(en)yl and may form ring by linking two or more of Ry6-Ry11 together;    Rx1-Rx4 = H, or alkyl;    n = 2-6.    At least one substituent in Ry1 and Qy1, at least one of Ry2-Ry5, and at least one of Ry6-Ry11 are -(CRx1RX2-CRx3Rx4-O)n-bond and silicon.
NOVELTY - The inert gas and reactive gas with silane and hydrogen are introduced into a reaction container (10), in which plasma is generated by rotating electrode (18). The plasma and reaction gas are reacted to form silicon thin film (23) on a base material (14) arranged oppositely to electrode (18). Ratio of partial pressures of silane gas to hydrogen gas is 12-100 and that of reactive gas to inert gas is 0.05-10.    USE - For forming fine crystal silicon thin film for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fine crystal silicon thin film is formed efficiently at high speed on large-sized region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The base material is displaced in orthogonal direction to rotation center shaft.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional front elevation of fine crystal silicon thin film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction container (10)    Base material (14)    Rotating electrode (18)    Fine crystal silicon thin film (23)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen cylinder is provided to store hydrogen which is supplied to fuel cell through deodorization unit. Hydrogen is mixed with odorization agent such as t-butyl mercaptan or sulphur compound, to recognize the leakage of hydrogen. The deodorization unit is provided to remove odorization agent before hydrogen is supplied to fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of hydrogen is detected promptly and hence safety is increased, as odorization agent is added to hydrogen to recognize leakage of hydrogen and is removed from hydrogen before supply to fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell;    (b) Hydrogen detection method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The water vapor modification catalyst (A) comprises a catalyst substance (2) containing ruthenium (Ru) of alloy, supported on a tabular catalyst support (1) which contains metal porous substance.    USE - Used in hydrogen production process, integrated in the fuel reformer of vehicle mounted fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The water vapor modification catalyst is of light weight and has large surface area. Since pressure loss of gas is eliminated, the catalyst is used in the force feeding apparatus such as blowers. Water vapor modification catalyst having high performance catalytic activity is manufactured, inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for water vapor modification catalyst manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the water vapor modification catalyst.    Tabular catalyst support (1)    Catalyst substance (2)    Water vapor modification catalyst (A)
NOVELTY - Fluorine doped titanium dioxide porous crystal film is formed using a paste containing titanium dioxide, fluorine atom supply compound and water or organic dispersion solvent. The amount of fluorine in the crystal film is 0.5-0.005 weight %.    USE - For electrodes used for pigment sensitizing type optoelectric transducer, such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fluorine doped titanium dioxide porous crystal film having improved electron transport property, can be obtained at low cost. The solar battery utilizing the titanium dioxide porous crystal membrane electrode, has excellent conversion efficiency and short circuit current density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrode, which comprises a fluorine doped titanium dioxide porous crystal film of thickness 1-20 mum formed on a transparent conduction substrate. The porous crystal film is formed by sintering a paste containing titanium dioxide, fluorine atom supply compound and water or organic dispersion solvent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the current density-voltage characteristics of the solar battery using the fluorine doped titanium dioxide porous crystal membrane electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A switch (15) is provided to supply the exhaust gas to primary and secondary paths (16,17). The exhaust gas in secondary path surrounding a transformer (4) and a carbon monoxide removal unit (5), pre-heats the transformer and removal unit. The exhaust gas in primary path connected to heat exchanger (13), pre-heats the fuel cell (6) through cooling water flow path.    USE - For generating electricity in houses, for use as co-generation system where heat generated is utilized for hot water supply system.    ADVANTAGE - The switch arrangement enables to pre-heat the fuel cell, transformer and carbon monoxide removal unit, by supplying exhaust gas to primary and secondary paths. Heat release loss is reduced. Heat of exhaust gas is effectively utilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electricity generation system.    Transformer (4)    Carbon monoxide removal unit (5)    Fuel cell (6)    Heat exchanger (13)    Primary and secondary paths (16,17)
NOVELTY - The container (1) has one or more partition plates (9) with surface inclined to gravity direction at the time of filling hydrogen occlusion alloy (6). Container inner side which accommodates hydrogen occlusion alloy is divided by the partition plates each of which has a mortar-like section. The container assumes a vertical posture at the time of filling hydrogen occlusion alloy.    USE - For fuel cell of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Forms a gas layer automatically to occlude opening in the partition plate. Gas layer exists in each section of container, even when the container is turned sideways. Enables smooth absorption of the expansion during hydrogen occlusion of the alloy all over the container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of hydrogen occlusion alloy container.    Container (1)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy (6)    Partition plates (9)
NOVELTY - Zinc oxide thin film material is formed by sputtering a zinc oxide film on a base material followed by electrodeposition of another zinc oxide film. A dopant capable of reducing the resistance value of zinc oxide film is contained during sputtering.    USE - For solar battery, photovoltaic cell, for increasing short circuit current.    ADVANTAGE - The laminated zinc oxide thin film has excellent shining property. The reflecting substrate increases a short circuit current.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of laminated zinc oxide thin film which involves forming a zinc oxide thin film by sputtering on a substrate having a light reflecting metal after which a thicker zinc oxide film is electrodeposited. The zinc oxide sintering target used has target for sputtering contains 5% or less of boron, aluminum, indium or gallium by stoichiometry to zinc.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of small sized batch type electrodeposition device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Zinc oxide laminated thin material (4001)    SUS substrate (4002)    Spatter zinc oxide film (4004)    Electrodeposited zinc oxide film (4005)
NOVELTY - The gallium is doped to a silicon single crystal by Czochralski method and a gallium doped silicon single crystal is obtained. The silicon single crystal is used as raw material for crucible. The internal diameter of the crucible is 2-2.5 times of the target diameter of silicon single crystal.    USE - As material for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method is inexpensive, and produces high quality gallium doped silicon single crystal without generation of oxidation-induced stacking fault (OSF) ring. Since the conversion efficiency of light energy of gallium doped silicon single crystal is increased, the single crystal is used for solar batteries, without photodegradation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a gallium doped silicon single crystal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship of crystal solid-liquid boundary surface temperature gradient (Gs) and maximum raising velocity (Vmax) of crystal. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A tank (11) stores a solution containing highly concentrated hydrogen. A catalyst (12) recovers the hydrogen from the solution. A tank (14) collects the solution from which hydrogen is recovered.    USE - For recycling hydrogen containing solution in fuel cell system of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids mixing of recovery solution and fuel solution. Prevents reduction of hydrogen concentration in a fuel solution, when the vehicle's movement progresses.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tanks (11,14)    Catalyst (12)
NOVELTY - The surface treatment device treats the surface of a substrate placed inside a vacuum vessel (41) by using the plasma formed from gas discharge. An electric power supply portion (48) is provided to the center section of an electrode (45) placed opposite to substrate, to supply high frequency electric power to the vacuum vessel.    USE - For treating the surface of substrate for manufacturing electronic devices such as liquid crystal display (LCD), amorphous silicon solar battery, thin film polycrystal silicon solar battery, photoreceptor for copiers and other information recording devices, large scale integrated (LSI) circuit.    ADVANTAGE - Enables provision of electric power supply portion in the center section of the surface adjacent to the space that forms plasma, hence enables equalization of the space distribution of high density plasma and attains improvement in the uniform surface treatment and enables homogeneous improvement in filming velocity and etching velocity, consequently improving the productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for substrate surface treatment method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the surface treatment device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Vacuum vessel (41)    Electrode (45)    Electric power supply portion (48)
NOVELTY - A buffer layer and a nitride semiconductor layer (3) are subsequently formed on the etched concave window portions of a protective film over a substrate (1). Another protective film (5) is formed over the nitride semiconductor layer and is removed upto a predetermined depth. Another nitride semiconductor layer is grown over the protective film (5).    USE - For growing nitride semiconductor for use in light receivers such as solar battery, photosensor, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Provides favorable crystallinity surface condition and life-span to the nitride semiconductor grown over the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the nitride semiconductor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Nitride semiconductor layer (3)    Protective film (5)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbons used for manufacturing hydrogen gas are desulfurized before transmitting to a steam reforming chamber (13). A catalytic combustion chamber (14) heats the reforming chamber (13). The supply of hydrocarbons to the reforming chamber (13) is initiated, when the temperature of the reforming chamber reaches a predetermined value. The reforming chamber generates H2 gas by treating hydrocarbons in the presence of air.    USE - For controlling temperature of steam reforming chamber during start of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus used for fuel cell in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size of the apparatus and eliminates leak of toxic nitrogen which may be generated during manufacture of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The H2 gas from the reforming chamber is purified by the purification chamber (15) and transfer to the storage chamber (16).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for temperature control during stop of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus which involves gradually reducing the concentration of combustible gas in the catalytic combustion chamber to reduce temperature of the reforming chamber, and simultaneously reducing supply of raw hydrocarbons to the reforming chamber. The manufacturing apparatus is stopped when the temperature of the reforming chamber reduces to a predetermined value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reforming chamber (13)    Catalytic combustion chamber (14)    Purification chamber (15)    Storage chamber (16)
NOVELTY - The n-layers are laminated by maintaining the glass substrate at a temperature between 70-120 degrees C. The i and p layers are laminated by maintaining the substrate temperature at the range of 120-140 degrees C. The transparent and grid electrodes are formed on the p layer.    USE - For manufacturing thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - As the temperature of the substrate is maintained appropriately during lamination of layers, the generation of amorphous layer is eliminated. Thus, efficiency of the cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph representing temperature change during layer formation in solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A fuel cell electricity generation system has a branch pipe (16) that is connected to the fuel pipe (28), so as to supply inert gas (17) along with the fuel (13) to a fuel modifier (5), when the temperature of fuel cell is below 100 degrees C.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the inert gas is supplied along with the fuel to the fuel modifier, the partial pressure of the vapor is reduced and dew formation in the anode is prevented, even when the temperature of the cell is maintained low. Hence stability of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (5)    Fuel (13)    Branch pipe (16)    Inert gas (17)    Fuel pipe (28)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte sintered compact consists of solid electrolyte layer having thickness of 5-100 mum, formed on substrate containing zirconium oxide (ZrO2).    USE - For electrochemical devices, such as solid electrolyte type fuel cells, sensors and de-oxygenation devices.    ADVANTAGE - The sintered compact inhibits reduction of solid electrolyte characteristics due to solid solution reaction of solid electrolyte layer and zirconium substrate.
NOVELTY - Molten metal or semiconductor raw material present in crucible is solidified on growth surface of sheet in contact with rotating coolant unit, by chemical vapor phase epitaxy method, and metal or semiconductor sheet is manufactured. The crucible has melting point higher than the raw material.    USE - For solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method enables continuous and inexpensive production of metal or semiconductor sheet. The method enables to form highly reliable film substrate. Continuous production of metal and semiconductor sheet is attained, inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Solar battery;    (b) Coolant unit;    (c) Metal sheet and semiconductor sheet manufacturing apparatus    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of rotating cooling unit.
NOVELTY - Raw material gas such as hydrogen is introduced into a film forming chamber (1) equipped with a high frequency electrode (2) on its one side and a ground electrode (3) arranged on one side of the substrate opposing the electrode, through a gas supply port (6). A fine crystal film is formed on the substrate, by making the pressure of chamber to 70-700 Pa by plasma discharge using hydrogenated germanium or germanium halide.    USE - For manufacturing fine crystal film for semiconductor device such as thin film transistor, thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the pressure inside the chamber is set to specific level by plasma discharge, powder formation is avoided and favorable fine crystal film can be produced. Since film production speed is increased, preparation time is shortened.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the film production apparatus of fine crystal film. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    film forming chamber (1)    high frequency electrode (2)    ground electrode (3)    gas supply port (6)
NOVELTY - Electron beam (9) having energy of 60-150 eV is injected to the chamber (1) from an electron beam accelerator (8) for generating plasma of gas containing hydrogen at a pressure of 1x10 Power (-3) - 10 Pa. Silicon film (14) is deposited on the surface of the substrate (12) using the plasma.    USE - For solar battery installed in building, enterprise or research system.    ADVANTAGE - Deposits silicon film of specific optical band gap and uniform thickness, thereby the productivity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of silicon film manufacturing apparatus.    chamber (1)    electron beam accelerator (8)    electron beam (9)    substrate (12)    silicon film (14)
NOVELTY - The electrode catalyst layer has thickness of less than 50 mum and has a structure comprising electrode catalyst, catalyst-polymer composite and a support layer which has porous electroconductive sheet and/or non-electroconductive textile.    USE - For negative electrode composite film used for electrochemical apparatus and for solid polymer fuel cell used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of property by poor coating during electrode catalyst layer formation is prevented. A thin electrode catalyst layer is formed. Usage efficiency of catalyst is improved and high output property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Manufacture of electrode catalyst layer;    (b) Negative electrode composite film;    (c) Manufacture of negative electrode composite film;    (d) Electrochemical apparatus;    (e) Electrolyzer;    (f) Fuel cell;    (g) Motor vehicle
NOVELTY - Apparatus for unidirectional solidification of silicon comprises multi-stage sensor on side wall of cast to measure solidification velocity of molten silicon. Measured velocity is compared with target solidification velocity using controller whose output is provided to heater or cooler. Cooling gas is passed to cooler through plate comprising water cooled jacket. Heater is provided above plate.    USE - For unidirectional solidification of silicon used as substrate for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The yield of silicon is improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced. The concentration of impurity in the silicon is made uniform.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Apparatus for unidirectional solidification of silicon comprises multi-stage sensor (5) on side wall of cast (1) for measuring solidification velocity of molten silicon (7). Measured velocity is compared with target solidification velocity using controller (6) whose output is provided to heater (2) or cooler (3). Cooling gas (9) is passed to cooler through a plate which consists of water cooled jacket. The heater is provided above the plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model of unidirectional solidification apparatus of silicon.    Cast (1)    Heater (2)    Cooler (3)    Sensor (5)    Molten silicon (7)    Cooling gas (9)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module comprises a gap between wirings (4) and solar battery cells (3) that is filled with a specific filler material (6). A spacer (7) consisting of acrylic type resin having compression set value smaller than that of filler material is provided near the connection section (A) of the cell (3) and the wiring (4).    USE - For solar power generation system installed on roofs.    ADVANTAGE - Even when large load is added to the surface, electric insulation is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solar battery module.    Solar battery cell (3)    Wiring (4)    Filler material (6)    Spacer (7)    Connection section (A)
NOVELTY - Organometallic salts of Ib and IIIb group elements are dissolved in an organic solvent and applied to a substrate. The coating applied on the substrate is dried and heated in non-oxidizing atmosphere containing compound of VIb group element.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Chemical reaction such as sulfuration is performed after drying the film, hence compound semiconductor film formation is simplified. By changing the mix ratio of inert gas and reducibility gas during heat processing, the crystallization of compound semiconductor film is controlled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the X-ray diffraction measurement chart of compound semiconductor film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The PN junction of the photoelectric conversion cell is formed at a position on a single crystal or polycrystalline silicon substrate, far from light receiving surface.    USE - Solar battery e.g., amorphous silicon, single crystal silicon solar battery, polycrystalline silicon solar battery for space application, terrestrial application, photo sensor, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion efficiency and radiation-resistant property of the solar battery are improved at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solar battery for space application. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Lower electrode (1)    N-type crystalline silicon layer (2)    P-type crystalline silicon substrate (3)    P-type crystalline silicon layer (4)    Intermediate layers (5, 6)    N-type amorphous silicon layer containing hydrogen (7)    I-type amorphous silicon layer containing hydrogen (8)    P-type amorphous silicon layer containing hydrogen (9)    Upper electrode (10)    Silver surface collection electrode (11)    Lower-part photoelectric conversion cell (12)
NOVELTY - Process for operating a gas generating device includes dosing fuel into a partial oxidation reactor; initiating combustion of fuel in the reactor by adding oxygen-containing gas; and heating the reactor of the gas generating device using the combustion heat obtained.    USE - Used for operating a gas generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic stage can be quickly heated to operating temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for operating a gas generating device comprises:    (1) dosing fuel into a partial oxidation reactor;    (2) initiating combustion of fuel in the reactor by adding oxygen-containing gas;    (3) heating the reactor of the gas generating device using the combustion heat obtained;    (4) reducing the stream of oxygen-containing gas and adding water when the operating temperature of the partial oxidation is reached in the reactor; and    (5) further reducing the stream of the oxygen-containing gas when the operating temperature of the steam reforming is reached, so that only partial conversion of fuel occurs and the remaining fuel is converted in an adjoining steam reformer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process comprising an adiabatic catalytic stage arranged between a partial oxidation reactor and a steam reformer.
NOVELTY - Reforming device (1) comprises: (i) a unit (2) for carrying out a reforming reaction through which a CO (carbon monoxide)-containing reformate gas is obtained; (ii) a high temperature shift reaction unit (41) for converting CO contained in the reformate gas; (iii) a heat exchanger (43); and (iv) a low temperature shift reaction unit (42) for further converting the CO and producing hydrogen. The shift reaction units and the heat exchanger are connected to the reforming unit and are contained in a converter (4).    USE - For producing a hydrogen-rich gas from a mixture containing hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - Ideal heat utilization of the process reactions is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The converter is coupled to the educt gas feed of the reforming unit. The converter has an integrated heat transfer in the form of a vaporizer and/or a superheater. The reforming unit has an educt gas feed and a product gas removal unit coupled so that the educt gases are heated by the product gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reforming device connected to a fuel cell.    reforming device (1)    reforming unit (2)    converter (4)    high temperature shift reaction unit (41)    low temperature shift reaction unit (42)    heat exchanger (43)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises: (i) a membrane electrode assembly having electrolyte membrane, anode and cathode; (ii) separators holding the membrane electrode assembly; (iii) a projecting portion extending from the membrane and projecting from the electrodes peripheries; and (iv) a seal contacting with the projecting portion while the membrane electrode assembly is disposed between the separators.    USE - For vehicle in which space for fuel cell is limited.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid sealant pressed between the membrane and the separators maintains gas-tightness between them. The reaction force produced by the seal is uniform thus making the seal uniform. The management accuracy in cell size is easy and manufacturing cost of the cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly having a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (18), an anode side diffusion electrode (22) disposed at one side of the membrane, and a cathode side diffusion electrode (20) disposed at the other side of the membrane. A pair of separators (14, 16) hold the membrane electrode assembly. A projecting portion extends from the membrane and projects from the peripheries of the anode and cathode electrodes. A seal (S) provided onto the separators is liquid sealant at the time of application. It makes contact with the projecting portion while the membrane electrode assembly is disposed between the separators.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a fuel cell stack comprising fuel cell units having a non-adhesive seal provided between the separator of one fuel cell unit and the separator of the other cell unit; and (B) a method for producing a fuel cell or fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell.    Seal (S)    Separators (14, 16)    Electrolyte membrane (18)    Cathode side diffusion electrode (20)    Anode side diffusion electrode (22)    Grooves (28, 30)    Opening (38a)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming device for solid high polymer fuel cell, characterized in that a reformer (A), a carbon monoxide converter (B), a carbon monoxide selective oxidation reactor (C), a carbon monoxide converter inlet cooler (16), and a carbon monoxide selective oxidation reactor inlet cooler (20) are formed in cylindrical shapes, the reformer (A) is disposed at the center of the device, the carbon monoxide converter (B) is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the reformer (A), the carbon monoxide selective oxidation reactor (C) is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the carbon monoxide converter (B), and the equipment thereof are formed integrally with each other.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - Trans-substituted chlorin compounds (I) are new.    USE - The polymers are used in light harvesting arrays e.g. as (i) components of low-level light detection systems, (ii) input elements in optoelectronic devices, (iii) an input unit and energy relay system in molecular-based signaling systems (e.g. in fluorescence sensors) and (iv) (especially) solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Trans-substituted chlorin compounds of formula (I) are new.    M = Zn, Mg, Pt, Pd, Sn or Al, or is absent;    K1-K4 = N, O, S, Se, Te or CH;    S1-S14 = H, aryl, phenyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, alkoxy, alkylthio, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroaryl, pyridyl, cyano, thiocyanato, nitro, amino, alkylamino, acyl, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, imido, amido or carbamoyl; or S7 and S13 together form =O; and either (S1 and S5) or (S2 and S6) are trans-substituted linking groups Q1 and Q2;    Q1, Q2 = linking groups of formula -(R1-R2)n-R3-Y;    n = 0 or 1-5 or 10;    R1-R3 = ethene, ethyne or (hetero)aryl optionally substituted by an S1-S14 group (R3 may be absent); and    Y = an (un)protected reactive substituent selected from hydroxy, thio, seleno, telluro, ester, carboxylic acid, boronic acid, phenol, silane, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, alkylthiol, formyl, halo, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl carboxylate and alkyl boronate.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A method of preparing (I).    (2) A polymer comprising porphyrinic macrocycle monomers, where at least one of the macrocycles is a chlorin which is    (i) coupled to one or two adjacent porphyrinic macrocycles at the 2 and/or 12 positions or    (ii) coupled to one or two adjacent porphyrinic macrocycles at the 3 and/or 13 positions.    (3) An electrode comprising a conductive substrate bound to the polymer.
NOVELTY - Provided is a humidifier for a fuel cell using porous films, which is mounted in a cathode and an anode line, therefore, which can supply moisture to hydrogen as a fuel gas and oxygen as an oxidizing agent by controlling humidity at different temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The humidifier comprises: a water storing part(10) comprising a water inlet pipe(14) mounted on the upper part of the water storing part(10) and an automatic temperature controller(16) mounted on the end of the water inlet pipe(14); a humidifying part comprising a sponge(12) mounted under the water storing part(10), a plate(18) having a plurality of holes(26) and mounted under the sponge(12), and the porous films(28) inserted in the holes(26). The automatic temperature controller(16) is operated by waste heat generated from a stack.
NOVELTY - The method involves applying resin paint, electroconductive suspension paint, conductive anisotropy thermocompression bonding property paint, on a flexible substrate (1) by screen printing. The substrate is heat-processed after each paint coating to sequentially form insulating resin layer (2), electroconductive pattern layer (3), anisotropy coating layer (4) and thermocompression bonding layer (6), respectively.    USE - For manufacturing heatproof connector for electrodes in LCD, electrochromic display (ECD), solar battery and also for PCB terminal.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances quality as sagging of electroconductive suspension paint at the time of fine-pitching is prevented by applying the electroconductive suspension paint by screen printing. Enhances reliability, as peeling strength is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The resin paint applied on the substrate which is made of polyester, is selected from the group comprising polyurethane type resin, polyester type resin, acrylic type resin and phenol type resin. The resin has a solidity of 12.5+/-5 % and a viscosity of 15-40 poises. The thermocompression bonding property paint includes an electroconductive powder filler. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the heat proof connector which has a structure formed by the insulating resin layer, electroconductive pattern layer, anisotropy coating layer and thermocompression bonding layer and sealed by an insulating layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the heatproof connector.    Substrate (1)    Insulating resin layer (2)    Electroconductive pattern layer (3)    Anisotropy coating layer (4)    Thermocompression bonding layer (6)
NOVELTY - Reformer (6) for fuel cells, comprises fuel injectors for forming flame during starting, honey-comb shaped combustion catalyst layer (CL) provided on backwash side of fuel injector, honey-comb shaped modified catalyst layer provided on slip-stream side of CL. The fuel injector and gas blender (A) is provided between CL, and gas blender (B) is provided between CL and modified catalyst layer.    USE - For fuel cell to generate hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer stabilizes combustion reaction during starting of reformer. The time required for starting reformer is reduced hence combustion catalyst layer can be maintained at a temperature lower than heat resistance temperature. Therefore durability of combustion catalyst layer is improved and pressure loss in reaction tube made of inexpensive material can be reduced. The reformer is expensive, and excels in efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen gas is generated using reformer by reacting hydrocarbon type fuel, oxidation agent and water vapor. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell;    (b) Operating method of fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (6)    Modified catalyst layer (11)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen supply apparatus (5) generates hydrogen by dehydrogenation of organic compound, which is reactive with oxygen to generate electric power.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of fuel cell and durability are improved, as hydrogen gas released from hydrogen supply apparatus contains neither carbon monoxide nor carbon dioxide and hence the vehicle is handled easily. Long distance traveling is enabled, as hydrogen density per volume is high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen supply apparatus (5)
NOVELTY - The theoretical hydrogen capacity of fuel cell (2) is setup, based on the operation condition of the fuel cell detected by a detector (21). Another detector (22) detects the actual hydrogen capacity of the fuel cell. A control unit (62) controls the supply of the hydrogen gas, so that the actual hydrogen capacity is made equal to the theoretical value.    USE - For supplying hydrogen gas to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the fuel cost, and the load fluctuations are reliably suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen fuel supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Detectors (21,22)    Control unit (62)
NOVELTY - Gas flow path forming elements (4) and flexible electroconductive material (5) are arranged between the concavo-convex shaped cell (C') rows. Electroconductive elements (4D) are arranged contacting the convex portion of the cells and the electroconductive material electrically.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances energy output. Reduces cost and improves durability of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell.    Gas flow path forming element (4)    Electroconductive element (4D)    Flexible electroconductive material (5)    Cell (C')
NOVELTY - Fuel cell main case is accommodated in a warm water storage container or a warm water distribution container for collecting exhaust heat.    USE - Exhaust heat usage type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Various energies obtained by a fuel cell are used efficiently. Warm water in a warm water storage container is used for heating and humidification of fuel or air supplied to a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exhaust heat usage type fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - 0.1-10 atm silicon reactive raw material (RRMG) gas is introduced to air-tight chamber (1) equipped with substrate (3) mounted on sample stage (4) and rotating electrodes (2) arranged at preset gap. High-frequency power is supplied to (2), plasma is produced in gap and high concentration radical based on RRMG is formed. Silicon carbide thin film is formed on heated (3), by moving (2) and (4).    USE - For optoelectronic device, solar battery, mask for X-ray lithography, light emitting diode and color sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon carbide film without defects such as segregation and pinholes is formed. The amorphous film is formed at a velocity which is 10 times that of the conventional film forming velocity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The raw material gas contains silicon reactive gas, carrier gas containing carbon and an inert gas. The sample stage is equipped with a heating unit. When the cylindrical electrodes are rotated at high speed, a gas flow is formed which crosses the gap. The SiC thin film is formed on the heated substrate according to the radical reaction, by relatively moving the sample stage and electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of the atmospheric pressure plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    Air tight chamber (1)    Rotating electrode (2)    Substrate (3)    Sample stage (4)
NOVELTY - A n-type single crystal silicon semiconductor substrate (11) is immersed in cyano compound solution (13), such that dangling bond exists between cyano ion and substrate surface. The n-type and p-type amorphous silicon layers (15,17) and non-amorphous silicon layers (14,16) are interposed on the substrate, to form a heterojunction.    USE - Semiconductor device such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The moisture content on the substrate surface and adsorption of carbon and nitrogen impurity are suppressed. The localized level density originated near an amorphous boundary surface is reduced, thus the heterojunction property of the substrate is improved at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of the semiconductor device manufacturing method.    n-type single crystal silicon semiconductor substrate (11)    cyano compound solution (13)    non-amorphous silicon layers (14,16)    n-type and p-type amorphous silicon layers (15,17)
NOVELTY - The preparation method of crystalline silicon film, involves forming a crystalline silicon film (104) by adding a silicon crystallization accelerating element to an amorphous silicon film (103), formed on a substrate (101). Phosphorus is injected to a portion of the crystalline silicon film, followed by heating the crystalline film at 500-800 degreesC.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Crystalline silicon film is heat processed using low concentration of nickel catalyst. Thin film solar battery with excellent photoelectric conversion characteristic, is obtained using an inexpensive glass substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for crystalline silicon film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of preparation method of thin film solar battery.    Substrate (101)    Amorphous silicon film (103)    Crystalline silicon film (104)
NOVELTY - An electrolysis apparatus converts a portion of electric power from a solar battery and generates electricity. Alternately, a fuel cell (20) generates electricity using hydrogen stored in hydrogen storage tank.    USE - Domestic electric power supply system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables switching of electric power supply from solar battery or from fuel cell depending on necessity, and hence facilitates stabilization of electric power supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline component explanatory diagram of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (20)
NOVELTY - A fuel container (5) is accommodated in the main case. Nitrogen gas produced from an oxygen pole (23) of a fuel cell (2) is sealed in the gap between fuel container.    USE - For fuel tank in vehicle such as military aircraft. Also for fuel supply installation installed in airport, harbor, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the nitrogen gas is sealed in the container, explosion of the container is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explosion proof apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Fuel container (5)    Oxygen pole (23)
NOVELTY - The surface of a single crystal semiconductor substrate is reformed to a hydrophobic surface. An organic molecule is adhered to the reformed substrate and the substrate is etched using anisotropic etching liquid.    USE - For single crystal semiconductor substrate used in solar battery cell and LED.    ADVANTAGE - Pyramid-shaped micro protrusions of less height are formed uniformly, by anisotropic etching.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrode layer formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a process diagram explaining the surface treatment method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The transparent conductive film (1a) has resistivity ranging between 10 - 10 to the power 3 ohms/unit and light transmission ratio greater than 70%.    USE - For transparent electrode like electroluminescence panel electrode, electrochromic element electrode, liquid-crystal electrode, transparent heat-emitting element, touch panel and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy and inexpensive manufacture of large-sized conductive film having excellent transparency, electroconductivity and low electrical resistance, thus productivity is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective and sectional views of conductive film peeling testing apparatus.    Conductive film (1a)
NOVELTY - An insulator layer is formed on an amorphous silicon solar battery layer (1), provided to a transparent substrate (5). Another transparent substrate (7) having same dimension as that of the substrate (5), is attached to the transparent substrate by applying adhesive agent (9) on the circumference of insulator layer.    USE - Frameless solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive and highly reliable solar battery module is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the frameless solar battery module.    Amorphous silicon solar battery layer (1)    Transparent substrates (5,7)    Adhesive agent (9)
NOVELTY - A filler layer is laid up on the top surface and the bottom surface of a solar battery element. The filler layer consists of a resin film formed of a heat reversible crosslinking olefinic polymer composition.    USE - The filler layer is used for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The filler layer has superior strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, hail resistance, and very enriched durability.
NOVELTY - A silicon oxide thin film layer for peeling and amorphous silicon thin film layer are formed on a heat-resistant substrate. The amorphous silicon thin film is recrystallized by zone melting recrystallization method, so as to obtain crystalline silicon thin film.    USE - For solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - As amorphous silicon thin film is recrystallized by zone melting crystallization method, silicon film with improved smoothness is obtained. Hence, yield is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.
NOVELTY - The composite consists of a charge transport property matrix (3) and a transition metal compound particle (4). The charge transport property matrix is a high molecular compound containing a hole transport property polymer or a hole transport property low molecular weight compound. The transition metal compound is titanium oxide of mean particle diameter 100 nm or less.    USE - For use as semiconductive polymer for semiconductor element of solar battery used in photoelectric conversion apparatus such as optical switching device and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric semiconductor element is obtained simply and economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the semiconductive polymer comprising the composite.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of the polymeric semiconductor element.    Charge transport property matrix (3)    Transition metal compound particle (4)
NOVELTY - An insulating layer (3), a lower electrode (4), a photoelectric conversion layer (5) and an upper electrode (6) are formed sequentially on the surface of an organic flexible substrate (2). The insulating layer made of metallic oxide, has particles dispersed in matrix form. The thickness of the insulating layer is 0.6-50 mum.    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the solar battery is improved. The swelling of substrate produced in photoelectric conversion layer formation area, is restrained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of component of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Organic flexible substrate (2)    Insulating layer (3)    Lower electrode (4)    Photoelectric conversion layer (5)    Upper electrode (6)
NOVELTY - A transparent conductive layer (101-3) which contains zinc oxide, a semiconductor layer (102) which contains silicon and zinc oxide and another transparent conductive layer (103) containing zinc oxide, are sequentially formed on a substrate (101-1).    USE - Photovoltaic cell e.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Diffusion of semiconductor layer containing silicon and zinc oxide is restrained even if heat processing, annealing process and hydrogen process are performed. Reduction of transmittance of transparent conductive layer containing zinc oxide is restrained. A photovoltaic cell having reduced adherence power is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of a photovoltaic cell.    Substrate (101-1)    Transparent conductive layers (101-3,103)    Semiconductor layer (102)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator is electronically controlled depending on the difference between the actual and target demand for electric power in a vehicle using the hydrogen to generate power in a fuel cell. The generator has a first zone (10) with catalyst chemically reforming a gas mixture and a second zone (12) with devices forming a cold plasma in the gases. The devices are activated when the power generated is less than the power demand.    USE - Production of hydrogen for use in fuel cell to power a vehicle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (a) Generating hydrogen as above. (b) Apparatus producing hydrogen has a supply stage with storage for reagents connected to a reforming stage including the above generator. Preferred Features: The second zone is upstream of the first zone and has electrodes arranged along it and connected to a high voltage supply to produce the plasma. The plasma is also produced when the first zone is not up to its normal operating temperature. Downstream of the first zone is a zone (16) for oxidising carbon monoxide produced by the reforming.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a hydrogen generator    reforming zones (10,12)    supply zone (14)    oxidation zone (16)    reaction sector (18)    oxidation sector (20)
NOVELTY - Process for activating CdTe thin layer solar cells comprises: (a) subjecting substrates provided with the CdTe layer at elevated temperature to a gas mixture containing HCl, oxygen and nitrogen with a total pressure lying above atmospheric pressure; and (b) adjusting the HCl partial pressure of the gas mixture to 0.002-0.2 % from the total gas pressure.    USE - Used for activating CdTe thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is efficient and cost effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for activating CdTe thin layer solar cells that comprises:    (a) subjecting substrates provided with the CdTe layer at elevated temperature to a gas mixture containing HCl, oxygen and nitrogen with a total pressure lying above atmospheric pressure; and (b) adjusting the oxygen partial pressure of the gas mixture to 5-25 % from the total gas pressure. Preferred Features: The substrate temperature is adjusted to 370-500, preferably 390-420 degreesC. Activation is carried out for 1-15 minutes.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device comprising a semiconductor and an organic electrically conducting agent exhibiting a melting temperature Tm which is lower than the operation temperature of the photoelectric conversion device.    USE - Used for photoelectric conversion devices e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hole transporting agent exhibits a higher photo-to-electron conversion efficiency and light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency than respective devices of prior art, and do not crystallize once the material is applied to the semiconductor and thus no wetting is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a photoelectric conversion device comprising a semiconductor and an organic electrically conducting agent exhibiting a melting temperature Tm of about 140 degreesC or less;    (2) a photoelectric conversion device comprising a semiconductor and an organic electrically conducting agent present in a solid but non-crystalline form;    (3) as claimed except that the organic electrically conducting agent exhibits a glass-transition temperature Tg of about 60 degreesC or less;    (4) a compound useful as the hole transporting agent which is a triphenyldiamine of formula (I);    (5) use of the compounds of formulae (I) and (II) as electrically conducting agents;    (6) a mixture of compounds of formulae (I) and (II);    (7) use of the mixture as electrically conducting agents;    (8) (production of a photoelectric conversion device comprising applying a compound or a mixture to a semiconductor; and    (9) a solar cell comprising a photoelectric conversion device.    Ar = substituents of formulae (II) and (IV) in compound (I).
NOVELTY - Light energy converting and/or storing device has two surface-divided electrodes with functional materials between them. The contact to the electrodes is formed as a conducting textile fiber arrangement.    USE - Used in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Energy losses are minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: An upper electrode and/or a contact and a lower electrode and/or a contact are formed as a fleece, foil, thread arrangement or knitted fabric. A central electrode and/or contact is inserted between the electrodes.    The textile fiber arrangement contains immobilized functional materials such as electrolytes, semiconductors, dyes, conducting particles, optically active particles, bacteriorhodopsia, biopolymers, fillers, magnetic particles, chromatophores, luminophores or gas bubbles. The textile fiber arrangement is made of carbon, platinum, gold or other metals, photoconductors, mixed compounds or oxides.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the device.    electrodes (10)    dye molecules (13)
NOVELTY - A regenerative fuel cell system comprises an electrolyzing device, a buoyancy electrical drive, and a fuel cell including a membrane and a source of oxygen. The electrolyzing device is connected to an aqueous solution for converting the aqueous solution into a hydrogen gas. The fuel cell converts chemical energy in the hydrogen gas and the oxygen into electrical power.    USE - The regenerative fuel cell system is used for power generation and storage. It can be used for windmills, solar panels, and hydroelectric systems.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive regenerative fuel cell system exhibits increased efficiency and utilizes non-hazardous materials. It does not require a large investment to install and a large amount of space to operate. It is readily scalable, and is capable of storing power for an indefinite period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A regenerative fuel cell system comprises an electrolyzing device (12), a buoyancy electrical drive (14), and a fuel cell (16) comprising a membrane and a source of oxygen. The electrolyzing device is connected to an aqueous solution for converting the solution into a hydrogen gas. The buoyancy electrical drive is connected to the hydrogen gas produced by the electrolyzing device. The buoyancy electrical drive comprises a conveyor system (90) for extracting mechanical energy from the hydrogen gas and a generator (30) for converting the mechanical energy into electrical power. The fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen gas, and is adapted to extract chemical energy from the hydrogen gas and the oxygen and to convert this energy into electrical power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagrammatic view of the regenerative fuel cell system.    Electrolyzing device (12)    Buoyancy electrical drive (14)    Fuel cell (16)    Generator (30)    Bucket (82)    Conveyor drive (84)    Apex (86)    Nadir (88)    Conveyor system (90)
NOVELTY - The method comprises mixing at least two raw powder materials which contain at least one of Ca, Mg, and Ni are mixed to form a powder mixture, molding the powder mixture to form molded articles, and sintering. In the sintering process the sintering time is related with sintering temperature and product's plateau pressure at the specified temperature.    USE - Used for manufacturing hydrogen occluding alloy.    ADVANTAGE - The method is able to control the plateau pressure of the product simply by controlling sintering time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composition of the alloy is of formula CaMgxNiy.    x = not less than 1 and not greater than 2.5; and    y = not less than 5.5 and not greater than 6.5.
NOVELTY - Alkaline earth metal-nickel alloy, excluding magnesium, is mixed with magnesium at a specified ratio to form primary powder mixture, which is molded then sintered to form the primary sintered articles. Primary sintered articles are ground to powder then it is mixed with Ni at a ratio of to form secondary powder mixture which is molded and sintered to form secondary sintered articles.    USE - The alloy is used for fuel cells and air conditioning devices.    ADVANTAGE - The method is able to suppress the formation of MgNI2 phase with low hydrogen occluding capacity through simple processes such as mixing, molding, and sintering without using sophisticated devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - ANix, is mixed with Mg with the mixing ratio of 1/x to form primary powder mixture, which is molded then sintered to form the primary sintered articles whose composition is AMgxNi5. Primary sintered articles are ground to powder then it is mixed with Ni with the mixing ratio of 1/(y-5) to form secondary powder mixture which is molded and sintered to form secondary sintered articles.    A = alkaline earth element except Mg;    x = not less than 1 and not greater than 3; and    y = greater than 5 and not greater than 10.
NOVELTY - A Ti bearing hydrogen occluding alloy which comprises a Ni additive layer on its surface that contains at least one f Ti-Ni intermetallic compound and a Cu bearing layer internally.    USE - The alloy is used for hydrogen storage, a medium for refining or isolating hydrogen, a static compressor, and as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The Ni additive layer and the Cu bearing layer give their mother material high oxidation resistant characteristics, so that it can be handled in the air without causing oxidation, keeping its high hydrogen occluding capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is are included for the manufacture of the alloy.
NOVELTY - A sensor cell (3) comprises two electrodes (3a,3b) among which one is arranged facing an internal space (5b) and the other is arranged facing a reference standard gas space (7).    USE - For detecting hydrogen gas leakage from the reformed gas of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen concentration in measured gas is detected correctly and the structure of the sensor is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A sensor cell (3) comprises two electrodes (3a,3b) among which one is arranged facing an internal space (5b) and other is arranged facing a reference standard gas space (7). An ammeter (33) measures the current flowing between the electrodes, corresponding to voltage impressed to the cell from a power supply (32), when low oxygen concentration gas is led into the internal space. Hydrogen concentration in the gas is determined based on the measured current value. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) battery overcharge and overdischarge detector; and    (b) hydrogen gas leakage detector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of hydrogen gas concentration detecting sensor.    Sensor cell (3)    Electrodes (3a,3b)    Internal space (5b)    Reference standard gas space (7)    Power supply (32)    Ammeter (33)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell is switched to standby condition and the amount of heating gas supplied to the modifier (3) and the modifier operation are stabilized when main power supply is interrupted.    USE - E.g. for supplying electric power to the external load during main power supply interruption period.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for control apparatus for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)
NOVELTY - A supply unit (1) supplies raw material to a modification unit (3) which is connected to fuel and air feed zones (9,10). The fuel feed zone supplies formation gas to a burner (8) until the burner is ignited. The output of fuel feed zone is gradually reduced and stopped, on ignition of the burner. The supply of air from air feed zone is reduced with reduction in supply of formation gas.    USE - For starting hydrogen generator using raw materials selected from the group containing natural gas, LPG, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene and methanol, for supplying hydrogen use apparatus such as fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens starting time and ensures stable combustion condition by altering supply of air and raw material with respect to fuel supply and by maintaining modification catalyst at a uniform temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The supply of air and raw material are increased, when fuel supply is stopped. The temperature of the modification catalyst is maintained uniformly during the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen generator starting method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Supply unit (1)    Modification unit (3)    Burner (8)    Fuel feed zone (9)    Air feed zone (10)
NOVELTY - A suction tank (1) in which water supply opening and backwashing waste water port are opened, performs adsorption filtration of pollutants in water. Process aqueous layers (11,16) are formed in predetermined space in upper and lower portions of tank. Water sprinkling pipe (10) and outflow pipe (5) are respectively attached in the aqueous layers (16,11), to supply and discharge water into and out of the tank.    USE - For purifying underground water contaminated by chemical substance.    ADVANTAGE - Since the water sprinkling and outflow pipe are respectively connected to the upper and lower process aqueous layers, the formation of channeling in filter layer is prevented, and pollutant adsorption efficiency of underground water purifier is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of underground water purifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Suction tank (1)    Outflow pipe (5)    Water sprinkling pipe (10)    Process aqueous layers (11,16)
NOVELTY - The manufacturing method of indium-tin (In-Sn) oxide powder involves addition of alkali to the aqueous solution containing dissolved indium (In) and tin (Sn), forming coprecipitated tin and indium. The indium-tin mixture is then subjected to hydrothermal synthesis and calcination.    USE - For manufacturing ITO target material used for liquid crystal panel, solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - In-Sn oxide film produces uniform In-Sn oxide powder and In-Sn film has high density and excellent electroconductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for indium-tin oxide (ITO) target material manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - A solar battery consists of a substrate (3), an electrode (1) and a silicic acid compound containing layer (2).    USE - As power generating source.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery is inexpensive and safe to use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of solar battery which involves adhering an electrode to substrate, applying a silicic acid compound and applying a direct current (DC) voltage or magnetic force between the electrode adhering process and silicic acid compound layer adhering process to fix the sheets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows one layer type side view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode (1)    Silicic acid compound containing layer (2)    Substrate (3)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrically conductive film, CdS layer and CdTe layer are formed sequentially on glass substrate. A melting point lowering agent comprising cadmium chloride, and solution containing VI group element such as Te element are applied on CdTe layer, and heat processed.    USE - Manufacture of compound semiconductor solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Durability of solar battery is improved, by improving adhesion strength of p-type semiconductor layer and carbon electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph illustrating the relationship of Te/Cd ratio of CdTe layer and conversion efficiency of a solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An end plate (A) consists of a resin material having compressive strength of 100 MPa or more.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The light weight fuel cell is manufactured easily using the end plate. The resin end plate is formed easily, hence the production of end plate is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell using end plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the respective diagram of fuel cell using resin end plate.    End plate (A)
NOVELTY - N-type polycrystalline silicon layer (2), porous silicon layer (3), insulating polycrystalline silicon layer (4B), N-type polycrystalline silicon layer (5) and transparent electrically conductive film (6) are formed sequentially on a SUS substrate (1).    USE - Polycrystalline silicon thin film semiconductor device e.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - By combining the polycrystalline silicon layer with porous silicon layer, high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained. Reduces the manufacturing cost by using inexpensive substrate material. Enables forming high quality polycrystalline semiconductor layer with large thickness within a short time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    SUS substrate (1)    N-type polycrystalline silicon layers (2,5)    Porous silicon layer (3)    Insulating polycrystalline silicon layer (4B)    Transparent electrically conductive film (6)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a pair of plate-type electrodes (306), in which thermal expansion coefficient of secondary electrode is smaller than the coefficient of primary electrode. Electric power is compressed between electrodes to generate plasma between silicon substrate and electrode. The gas in the vacuum cell (302) is decomposed and film is formed on the substrate.    USE - For forming film on substrate of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The secondary electrode has smaller thermal expansion coefficient and hence uniform plasma is generated between electrodes and film formation cost becomes less. Uniform film deposition with uniform thickness is formed on the substrate easily and reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the plasma vapor deposition apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Vacuum cell (302)    Plate-type electrode (306)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen source comprises hydrogen generating element(s) which comprise pellets of a chemical mixture which decomposes thermally to give hydrogen in a pressure vessel with an ignition control system controlling the rate of pellet ignition.    USE - The hydrogen source is used in man portable equipment (claimed) e.g. fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of hydrogen available per unit weight is greater than for the prior art and a constant hydrogen pressure can be maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) portable equipment comprises the hydrogen source; and    (2) use of the hydrogen source in a load responsive hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross sectional view of a hydrogen source.    filter (4)    regulator (5)    pellet holder (7)    thermal insulation (9)    pellet (15)    central channel (16)    hydrogen flow (17)
NOVELTY - A method of regulating the fuel concentration in the anode liquid of a fuel cell with anode, membrane and cathode, involves a waste gas being produced at both the anode and the cathode. The carbon dioxide concentration in the cathode waste gas is measured and the fuel loss across the membrane is determined.    USE - The method is used for regulating the fuel concentration in the anode liquid of a fuel cell (claimed), preferably a direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - In existing direct methanol fuel cells, the amount of methanol is calculated from the current and increased by a constant factor, e.g. 1.5 or 2.0. As this does not compensate for methanol loss, the methanol concentration is not optimal for each current density. Since some excess of methanol must be used to avoid under-supply and the risk of pole reversal, the methanol loss is greater than necessary. The present method of measuring the fuel loss allows better control and can also be extended to fuel cells operated with other fuels.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus for carrying out this process, which has a carbon dioxide sensor in the gas stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of one unit of a direct methanol fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Methanol tank (1)    Dosing pump (2)    Heater (3)    Cooler (4)    Carbon dioxide separator (5)    Rectifier (6)    Methanol sensor (7)    Dosing pump for recycling methanol (8)    Modified direct methanol fuel cell unit (10)    Anode (11)    Membrane (12)    Cathode (13)    Air compressor (14)    Cooler or water separator for cathode liquid (15)    Carbon dioxide sensor (16)    Fuel cell regulator (25)    Rectifier (26)
NOVELTY - An electro-catalyst powder is manufactured by providing a liquid-containing precursor composition, atomizing the liquid-containing precursor into precursor droplets, heating the precursor droplets to not more than 700degreesC to form electro-catalyst particles, which are collected.    USE - The method is used to manufacture electro-catalyst powder used in the fabrication of energy device, e.g. battery or fuel cell, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell, direct methanol fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, or phosphoric acid fuel cell. The electro-catalyst powder is also useful in fabricating supercapacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The method controls the composition and characteristics (e.g. morphology and surface area) of the resulting electro-catalyst powder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) An energy device assembly, comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte that separates the anode and the cathode. The anode and/or the cathode comprise an electro-catalyst layer containing the resulting electro-catalyst particles;    (2) A liquid vehicle, comprising the electro-catalyst particles dispersed in a liquid carrier; and    (3) Formation of an electro-catalyst layer, by depositing the liquid vehicle on a surface using an ink-jet device, and heating the liquid vehicle.
NOVELTY - A seal (10a,10b) for use in a solid oxide fuel cell (22), comprises a matrix of ceramic fibers and solid particles interspersed between the ceramic fibers.    USE - Used in a solid oxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - An effective seal can be formed by densely compressing ceramic powder within the fiber matrix and thereby forming a very torturous leak path for the gases. The fiber matrix acts as a physical restraint to the ceramic powder, and protects the shape of ceramic powder throughout its service life. The ceramic powder is very tightly packed into the alumina matrix, but is not sintered into a contiguous member and remains unsintered at the operating temperatures of the fuel cell. Hence the seal retains some flexibility and the seal may flex or experience thermal expansion or contraction without breaking down. The seal acts as a non-hermetic effective seal, when compressed or pre-compressed in the fuel cell leakage paths. The seal is not affixed to the contact surfaces of the cell, and thereby allows parts of the cell in contact with the seal to slide past each other as they move due to thermal differences, which allows the seal to resist vibrations, encountered in an automotive environments.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gasket seal formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell comprising seal.    Seals (10a,10b)    Fuel cell (22)
NOVELTY - A porous medium with continuous pores, made of a metal or an alloy which functions as a hydrogen generating catalyst, is supplied with an alkaline aqueous solution comprises a metal hydrogen complex compound via diffusers making it to diffuse into the porous medium continuously under controllable operational condition and generated hydrogen is continuously recovered.    USE - Used as a hydrogen generator for on-vehicle fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A compact and simple structured hydrogen generator capable of generating hydrogen efficiently can be obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) the catalytic metal or alloy, void ratio of the porous medium; and    (2) the composition of the metal hydrogen complex compound.
NOVELTY - Reactor (17) is divided into a low pressure chamber (17L) and a high pressure chamber (17H) through an oxygen ionic permeability conductive ceramic film (16). The temperature is maintained at 200-1200 degreesC when exhaust gas (12) and gas containing hydrocarbon (21) are supplied to high and low pressure chambers (17H,17L) respectively, and are guided to the film to oxidize hydrocarbons partially.    USE - For producing useful gases like synthesis gas, ammonia and methanol from composite gases generated from petroleum refining using gas synthesis system, and oxygen from air (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Ensures effective mixing method of natural and exhaust gases, thereby reduces gas mixing cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Gas synthesis system;    (b) High oxygen concentrated air producing system;    (c) Oxygen producing system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of gas synthesis system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Exhaust gas (12)    Oxygen ionic permeability conductive ceramic film (16)    Reactor (17)    High and low pressure chambers (17H,17L)
NOVELTY - A denaturation catalyst is provided in a hydrogen formation apparatus which comprises of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas feed zone which supplies hydrogen gas containing water vapor. The denaturation catalyst comprises of metallic oxide and noble metals. The temperature of the catalyst is increased to 700degreesC from 200degreesC, in an oxidizing atmosphere.    USE - For hydrogen formation for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A stable supply of hydrogen is achieved. The oxidation state of the denaturation catalyst metallic oxide is improved. The catalytic activity of the denaturation catalyst is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of hydrogen formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen gas feed zone (1)    Denaturation portion (4)    Denaturation catalyst (4a)
NOVELTY - The container comprises a set of modification regions with heat insulating materials. Heating gas is introduced to the container through an inlet to modify the hydrogen gas content in the modification regions.    USE - The fuel modifier is used as fuel cells in motor vehicles and to supply power to homes.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal efficiency and transformation efficiency of the fuel modifier becomes high even during low temperature conditions. The engine starting properties of vehicles are improved, due to use of hydrocarbon fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of fuel modifier.    Container (1)    Heat insulating material (2)    Modification regions (3,4)    Inlet (9)
NOVELTY - A base material layer (1) is provided to upper surface of an inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2), for shielding the film.    USE - For solar battery module used for various electronic devices e.g. calculator for consumer applications, for rolling up type vacuum evaporation device, low temperature plasma chemical vapor deposition device.    ADVANTAGE - The protection sheet has excellent strength and is resistant to weather, heat, water, light, wind pressure, chemical, stain, hail and is damp proof, and hence inexpensive and safe solar-battery module can be manufactured stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the protection sheet.    Base-material layer (1)    Inorganic vapor-deposition film (2)
NOVELTY - Substrate (1) has a photoelectric conversion layer (3) laminated between electrode films (2,4). A portion of the electrode films is covered by a protective coat (11) made of photosensitive resin consisting of acrylic type resin, polyimide type resin, epoxy resin. The electrode films are bonded by an electroconductive paste.    USE - For portable electronic devices e.g. electronic wrist watch, mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Since protective coat is made of photosensitive resin, the solar battery is manufactured reliably, reducing the connection area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Electrode films (2,4)    Photoelectric conversion layer (3)    Protective coat (11)
NOVELTY - Water vapor and ammonia gas are blown into molten silicon metal during plasma melting of silicon metal. Boron and carbon contained in silicon metal are oxidized by oxygen in water vapor, and removed as boron oxide and carbon monoxide, respectively. Hydrogen gas produced from ammonia gas together with boron oxide and carbon monoxide are removed, to manufacture high purity silicon metal.    USE - For manufacture of high purity silicon metal used for manufacture of panel for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Boron and carbon impurities in silicon metal are removed efficiently and reliably, as boron oxide and carbon monoxide, respectively together with hydrogen gas generated from ammonia. Thereby, silicon metal with high purity of 99.9999%, is manufactured at a low cost, using simple apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for high purity silicon metal manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of the high purity silicon metal manufacture.
NOVELTY - A four-folds accelerator (7) having multiple electrodes, accelerates high frequency hydrogen ion beam from an ion source. The accelerated ion beam is injected to a substrate (11), so as to form a hydrogen layer within the substrate. Then, the thin film is peeled off from the substrate, by heating the substrate.    USE - For forming thin silicon film by high-frequency hydrogen ion beam radiation for manufacturing solar battery, micromachine device.    ADVANTAGE - The system has high performance, cost reduction and size reduction. As pure film is formed by higher acceleration, insulated transformer for ion source is eliminated. The property of the solar battery is improved by high purification of the thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of thin film forming system.    Four-folds accelerator (7)    Substrate (11)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor film (1) functions as a cell substrate. Light receiving surface of the cell has a wavy structure (10). Cell back side is provided with alignment mark (14) having same wavy structure as the light receiving surface.    USE - Wrap around type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Each pattern is formed more correctly due to the provision of alignment mark. Efficient wrap around solar battery is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of solar battery manufacturing process.    Semiconductor film (1)    Wavy structure (10)    Alignment mark (14)
NOVELTY - The P and N type electrodes (12,14) are respectively connected to the P and N type impurity diffusion layers (11,13) on the light receiving surface side of semiconductor substrate (10). A silicon oxide film (18) is formed at the rear side of the substrate.    USE - Solar battery used as power supply for satellite.    ADVANTAGE - As PN junction with FSF functions is formed on the light receiving surface side, the output of the solar battery is improved. As the radiation resistance in space environment is improved, the durability of the battery is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the solar battery.    Semiconductor substrate (10)    P and N type impurity diffusion layers (11,13)    P and N type electrodes (12,14)    Silicon oxide film (18)
NOVELTY - The n-type and i-type semiconductor layers (3,4) containing amorphous silicon film, and silicon, silicon oxide, silicon carbide or silicon nitride p-type semiconductor layer (6) having fine crystal phase are sequentially laminated on a glass substrate (1). An amorphous silicon oxide boundary surface layer (5) of thickness 1-8 nm is formed between p-type and i-type layers.    USE - For electric power applications.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of solar battery is improved, by providing a boundary surface layer of preset thickness between p-type and i-type semiconductor layers. Cell property is improved by using a p-type semiconductor layer having fine crystal phase.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the crystal silicon solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of multi-crystal silicon solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (1)    n-type and i-type semiconductor layers (3,4)    Amorphous silicon oxide boundary surface layer (5)    Silicon nitride p-type semiconductor layer (6)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell gas sensor (S) comprises working and counter electrodes (12, 14); and a catalyst disk (17a) for chemically oxidizing gases on a counter electrode side of the counter electrode to reduce an amount of gases that will reach the counter electrode from the counter electrode side.    USE - For detecting oxidizable gases, e.g. hydrogen or carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell gas sensor does not only detect oxidizable gases in places where the gases are restricted to the working electrode (e.g. in fuel cell power generators, or hydrogen and fuel cell powered automobiles), but also in places where the gases can reach both the working electrode and the counter electrode (e.g. in ambient air space).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the fuel cell gas sensor.    Fuel cell gas sensor (S)    Main body (10)    First protection membrane (11)    Working electrode (12)    Electrolyte (13)    Counter electrode (14)    Second protection membrane (15)    Contacts (16)    Catalyst disk (17a)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generator comprises ceramic carrier defining a fuel processor with a reaction zone including a reforming catalyst, an inlet channel for liquid fuel and an outlet channel for hydrogen enriched gas.    USE - The hydrogen generator is used to produce hydrogen enriched gas used as a fuel for electricity production, combustion engines and chemical processing devices.    ADVANTAGE - Multi layer ceramic technology reduces size and improves performance of generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a simplified orthogonal view of a hydrogen generator with channels.    hydrogen generator (10)    multilayer ceramic structure (12)    fuel processor (14)    vaporization chamber (16,18)    integrated heat source (28)    fuel inlet (20)    preferential oxidation reactor (21)    fuel outlet (22)    methanol/water source (24)    methanol source (26)    chemical heater (28)    thermal insulator (36)    exhaust outlet (38)
NOVELTY - A procedure for the electrochemical deposition of a catalyst out of a precursor layer for a fuel cell has the steps: - a precursor layer is brought into contact with a membrane; - during the deposition, the membrane is to be found in an atmosphere containing water vapor. The water-containing atmosphere has a water partial pressure in the region of 0.01 to 2.0 bar. There is a water vapor-containing air atmosphere. There is a water-soluble catalyser salt in the precursor layer. There is a pulse deposition. A device for undertaking all this comprises a jar which can be sealed and tempered.    USE - for electrochemical deposition of catalyst out of precursor layer for fuel cell    ADVANTAGE - the quantity of the catalyser material is minimized and it is nearly completely used in the coating
NOVELTY - Air for an enclosure is conditioned by disposing a water-conducting membrane (10) between a first stream of outside ambient air and a second stream of enclosure return air. The membrane is comprised of a sulfonated statistical copolymer consisting of aryl vinyl monomer(s) and olefin monomer(s), where the aromatic derivatives of the aryl vinyl monomer are at least partially sulfonated.    USE - Used for conditioning air for an enclosure.    ADVANTAGE - By using the water-conductive membrane, the process makes it possible to operate an air conditioner unit at a higher temperature or a heater at a lower temperature such that operating costs are reduced. The membrane allows diffusion of protons, but prevents both the flow of electrons and the diffusion of molecular gases. It is mechanically stable and free of porosity and pinholes, which would allow passage of molecular gases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Conditioning air for an enclosure comprises:    (a) disposing a water-conducting membrane between a first stream of outside ambient air and a second stream of enclosure return air; and    (b) contacting the first and second streams with an opposite surface of the membrane such that heat and moisture are transferred from the first stream to the second stream.    The membrane is composed of a sulfonated statistical copolymer consisting of aryl vinyl monomer(s) and olefin monomer(s), where the aromatic derivatives of the aryl vinyl monomer are at least partially sulfonated.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for the above process comprising a heat and moisture exchanger core, which comprises the water-conducting membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a typical fuel cell incorporating a water-conducting membrane.    Water-conducting membrane (10)
NOVELTY - The manufacturing method of hydrogen occlusion alloy powder involves performing surface treatment of hydrogen occlusion alloy powder containing nickel in an acidic solution containing a carboxylic acid. The surface treated alloy powder is further treated with a solution containing a reducer.    USE - For hydrogen occlusion alloy electrode (claimed), used as negative plate in alkali storage battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A complex formed by nickel and carboxylic acid on the hydrogen occlusion powder surface during the surface treatment process inhibits the reaction between hydrogen occlusion powder and alkali electrolyte. Therefore corrosion resistance is improved and cycle life of the battery is increased. Low temperature discharge characteristics and high temperature discharge characteristics are improved due to the surface layer complex.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carboxylic acid used is acetic acid, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and/or glutaric acid.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Hydrogen occlusion alloy powder;    (b) Hydrogen occlusion alloy electrode;    (c) Alkali storage battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of alkali storage battery.    Hydrogen occlusion alloy electrode (2)
NOVELTY - The negative electrode plate comprises an electro conductive support (11), a lead (13) and a hydrogen occlusion alloy containing material (12) as main components. Hydrogen occlusion alloy is painted on the support, such that alloy (I) is painted on one end and alloy (II) is painted on the other end. The amount of nickel magnetic substance in the hydrogen occlusion alloys (I,II) differ.    USE - For nickel hydrogen storage batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The negative electrode plate for nickel hydrogen storage battery is produced depending on the application, by changing amount of magnetic substance. Increase in amount of nickel magnetic substance in lower portion of hydrogen occlusion alloy provides a battery having favorable cycle characteristics and high discharge characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for nickel hydrogen storage battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view and sectional view of negative electrode plate used for nickel hydrogen storage battery.    Electro conductive support (11)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy containing material (12)    Lead (13)
NOVELTY - The gasoline and water are supplied into a modifier tank (34) from tanks (20, 24), respectively. A stirrer (30) mixes the water and gasoline continuously until the entire mixture is evaporated using an evaporator (32).    USE - For hydrogen concentrated fuel gas generation.    ADVANTAGE - Mixing rate of fuel and water is changed to desired condition, thereby effective water vapor modification is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a fuel modification method;    (b) a fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tanks (20,24)    Stirrer (30)    Evaporator (32)    Modifier tank (34)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen released from hydrogen storage container (10) is supplied to fuel cell (11). The unreacted hydrogen ejected from fuel cell is supplied again by the pumping plant (30).    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Cost reduction is achieved as hydrogen is recirculated efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen storage container (10)    Fuel cell (11)    Pumping plant (30)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide removal device comprises a reactor (1) filled with a catalyst (2). A thermally conductive pole (3) is attached in the catalyst layer, along flow direction of gas which passes through the catalyst layer.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide from gas containing carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - The increase in temperature along inlet side of reactor by the rapid catalytic reaction is inhibited, by providing a heat pipe along flow direction of gas in the catalyst layer of reactor. Therefore, uniform temperature distribution of catalyst layer is enabled along gas flow direction. Effective supply of hydrogen rich gas containing low concentration of carbon monoxide to the fuel cell is enabled, by improving the function of carbon monoxide removal device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline longitudinal cross-sectional view and outline cross-sectional view of carbon monoxide removal device.    Reactor (1)    Catalyst (2)    Thermally conductive pole (3)
NOVELTY - The modifier has spacers and several metal thin plates which are laminated with catalyst. A brazing material is melted by a high frequency induction heating coil (7) and is applied to a periphery portion of each metal thin plate.    USE - For manufacturing lamination type methanol modifier, for use with fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The methanol modifier is produced with sufficient thermal efficiency using the metal thin plates without any degradation of the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of the methanol modifier.    Induction heating coil (7)
NOVELTY - A combustion portion (11) and modification portion (12) are formed by laminating the thin plate. One surface (1A) of thin plate is equipped with combustion catalyst (1a) and the other surface (1B) is equipped with modification catalyst (1b). A vaporization portion (13) is integrally provided in the laminated combustion and modification portions.    USE - For fuel cell of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent thermal efficiency is achieved. Enables mass production of methanol modifier at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of methanol modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion catalyst (1a)    Modification catalyst (1b)    Surfaces of thin plate (1A,1B)    Combustion portion (11)    Modification portion (12)    Vaporization portion (13)
NOVELTY - Inner tubing (11P) holds the platinum-palladium catalyst where the first stage oxidative reforming of feedstock occurs. Initially these hot gases are let directly into the CO reducer module (4) through a valve (14). This raises the temperature of the module (4). The valve (14) is closed, and the gases undergo second stage reforming over a rhodium catalyst in the intermediate tubing (12P) to form hydrogen. The regular routing of hydrogen-laden gases into the module (4) occurs through the outer tubing (13P).    USE - In fuel cells hydrogen serves as the prime feedstock to generate DC electrical power directly using oxygen, with water as the byproduct.    ADVANTAGE - Helps to reduce the warm up period for the hydrogen generator plant to become functionally operative.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional outline of the dual stage catalytic reformer showing the structural arrangements as well as the gaseous flowpaths. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon monoxide reducer module (4)    Through-pass valve (14)    Inner tubing (11P)    Intermediate tubing (12P)
NOVELTY - A fluid bed catalytic reactor (16) is provided to generate hydrogen by combination of hot catalyst particle from heat exchanger (20) and modification gas from compressor (14). A solid gas separator (28) is provided to separate and supply hydrogen gas to fuel cell (32) and catalyst particle which is heated by used gas from fuel cell in heat exchanger.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen by catalyst direct-type fluid bed, used in industrial applications such as fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced by high reaction rate without causing damage, occlusion of a reactor as the catalyst is circulated to heat-exchanger and is heated by used fuel gas from fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic outline diagram of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Compressor (14)    Fluid bed catalytic reactor (16)    Heat exchanger (20)    Solid gas separator (28)    Fuel cell (32)
NOVELTY - Several light emission plates (3) coated with fluorescent luminescence materials having long after-glow characteristics, are arranged on a display panel substrate in an arbitrary pattern. Solar battery cells (2) are provided on the display panel substrate, in areas in which the light emission plates are not provided.    USE - Display panel.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the visibility of the display pattern regardless of day and night, by using solar battery. Increases luminous capability of display panel using fluorescent material. Increases life span of light emission plate by preventing exposure of light emission plate to ambient air, by sealing the light emission plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the display panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar battery cells (2)    Light emission plates (3)
NOVELTY - An antireflective coating (2) is applied after forming an impurity area (1a) on the main surface of a substrate (1). Electrodes (5,4) made of glass frit containing titanium, bismuth, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, iron or a chromium oxide powder in 100 weight parts of silver powder, are formed on the antireflective coating and back side of the substrate.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - A solar battery element having higher tensile strength and fine ohmic property is obtained by forming electrodes on antireflective coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solar battery element manufacturing process.    Substrate (1)    Impurity area (1a)    Antireflective coating (2)    Electrodes (5,4)
NOVELTY - A cadmium sulfide film (3) is formed on a transparent electroconductive film (2) formed on a glass substrate (1). The impurities on the surface of the CdS film are removed by immersing the CdS film into a solvent (12) to which ultrasonic oscillation is applied. The p-type semiconductor layer is formed on the CdS film from which impurities are removed.    USE - Manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses the occurrence of pin holes on the CdS film by removing the impurities so improving the output characteristics of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the impurity removal process of CdS film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (1)    Transparent electroconductive film (2)    Cadmium sulfide film (3)    Solvent (12)
NOVELTY - The solar battery has a reflective electroconductive thin film (110), silicon crystal thin film and a transparent conductive thin film (130), in order on a plastic substrate (100) with a melting point or glass transition point of 130degreesC or more.    USE - As a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery is lightweight, portable and inexpensive, and has high operativity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Plastic substrate (100)    Reflective electroconductive film (110)    Transparent electrically conductive film (130)
NOVELTY - The anti-reflective coating (2) has a silica film, formed on a base material (1). The silica film contains air holes (3), formed by desorption of alkyl group component contained in it. The refractive index of the film is controlled by the concentration of air hole.    USE - For solar panel and lens used in the production of thin film transistor and single crystal thin film silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The anti-reflective coating has refractive index of 1.25, and controls reflection efficiently from visible light region to ultraviolet region. The silicon film has excellent wear resistance and chemical resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for anti-reflective coating manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of anti-reflective coating. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Base material (1)    Anti-reflective coating (2)    Air hole (3)
NOVELTY - Power is supplied to electrodes (32a,32b,32c) from high frequency power supplies (36a,36b) during film formation on a processed substrate. Electrodes comprises a linear base (33B) connected to the power supply ends (44-51) and several ribs (33R) extending in parallel from the linear base.    USE - For the production of thin films, e.g. semiconductor protective films for electronic devices such as amorphous silicon solar batteries, fine crystal silicon solar batteries, thin film polycrystalline silicon solar batteries, thin film semiconductors and optical sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Enables formation of a film having thickness uniformity at high speed, by using a fork-type electrode for forming films.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the plasma chemical vacuum deposition apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrodes (32a-32c)    Linear base (33B)    Ribs (33R)    High frequency power supplies (36a,36b)    Electric power supply ends (44-51)
NOVELTY - A gas feed pipe (3) supplies gas to a substrate surface (8). A pair of gas discharge pipes (4) arranged adjacent to the pipe (3) eject the supplied gas from the surface of the substrate. A movement unit (10) moves the substrate relatively to the pipes (3,4).    USE - For forming a thin film during the manufacture of semiconductor devices such as large scale integrated circuits (LSI), liquid crystal displays (LCD) and thin film solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Since the gas supplied to the portion of the surface of the substrate is ejected from the substrate, the conductance of gas flow is increased and a temperature rise of the substrate is prevented. Enables formation of a thin film uniformly on the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the film forming apparatus.    Gas feed pipe (3)    Gas discharge pipe (4)    Substrate surface (8)    Movement unit (10)
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of a rotational cooling body (3) having a concavo-convex surface, to which a silicon melt solution (7) is contacted. Solidification and the growth of the silicon melt solution are performed, to obtain a silicon ribbon (8). The concave part of the concavo-convex surface is U-shaped or V-shaped, and it has a depth or pitch of about 0.07 mm.    USE - For solar battery, for example    ADVANTAGE - Optical transformation efficiency of the solar battery is enhanced. Silicon ribbon of controlled thickness is manufactured efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the silicon ribbon manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Rotational cooling body (3)    Silicon melt solution (7)    Silicon ribbon (8)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer is a laminate of electrode layer (2), photoelectric conversion layer, hole carrying layer (5), conduction layer (6) and counter electrode layer (7).    USE - For solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has strong mechanical strength. The spilling of electrolyte is prevented. The optoelectric transducer is stable and reliable. Since hole carrying layer and conduction layer are adjacent, the thickness of hole carrying layer is minimized. The hole injected from the optical sensitizing dye reaches the counter electrode, therefore energy conversion efficiency is high. The manufacturing cost is minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows solar battery.    Electrode layer (2)    Hole carrying layer (5)    Conduction layer (6)    Counter electrode layer (7)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprising an anode, an anode enzyme disposed on the anode, a cathode spaced apart from the anode and a cathode enzyme disposed on the cathode, where the anode is configured and arranged for electro-oxidizing an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme and the cathode is configured and arranged for electroreducing a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme, is new.    USE - For use in biological system such as human, plant or plant residue (claimed), to operate medical devices implanted in human such as pace makers, nerve growth stimulators, nerve stimulators for relief of chronic pain, stimulators for regrowth of bone or their tissue, drug-release valves or microvalves and fluid-flow control valves such as valve in a duct or in the urinary tract. Also used to operate external devices connected to the fuel cells, implanted in a plant or tree.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cells oxidize biochemicals available in the body of animal and in plants. The fuel cell can be implanted in the portion of animal or plant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) generating electrical power comprising electro-oxidizing an anode reductant on an anode in the presence of an anode enzyme and electroreducing a cathode oxidant on a cathode, spaced apart from the anode, in the presence of a cathode enzyme; and    (2) an electrically-operated device which comprises electrically-operated components and fuel cell coupled to the electrically-operated components for providing electrical power to the components. The fuel cell being configured for operation in a biological system. The fuel cell comprises leads from the anode and cathode for coupling to the electrically-operated components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows not-to-scale view of fuel cell.    Fuel cell (100)    Anode (102)    Cathode (104)
NOVELTY - Solar cell module with anti-dust and anti-pollution functions, includes (a) substrate with light transparent safety glass upper layer, in which the safety glass has been treated with an optical catalyst coating treatment and polyester type lower layer with climate-resistant characteristics; (b) photosensitizer including a conduction wire copper foil and a packaging film, located between the upper and lower substrates.    ADVANTAGE - Has high conversion efficiency and output power in addition to high reliability and stability, since the solar cell module has anti-dust and anti-pollution properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of fabricating the composition by coating the composition material of optical catalyst on the safety glass,and heating to transform to crystal type metal red stone. The composition material of optical catalyst includes metal oxide material, acid solution and interface activation solution.
NOVELTY - Zirconic acid compound exhibiting peaks at 1010-1025 cm-1 and 1035-1050 cm-1, corresponding to sulfur-oxygen bond in infrared spectrum, is new.    USE - As catalyst for decomposing nitrogen oxide (claimed), carrier for support, electrolytic fuel cells, electrodes, oxygen sensors, oxygen-enriched membranes, heat-emitting materials, biosensors, bioreactors, artificial aggregates and heat resisting material.    ADVANTAGE - The zirconic acid compound can be efficiently and easily manufactured. The compound enables efficient removal of nitrogen oxide (environment pollutant), at lower temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacture of zirconic acid compound which involves precipitating crystals from solution containing zirconium compound dissolved in alcohol, and baking crystals;    (2) catalyst for decomposing nitrogen oxide containing zirconic acid compound; and    (3) method for decomposing nitrogen oxide which involves contacting nitrogen oxide with zirconic acid at 200-800 degrees C and reducing nitrogen oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the infrared absorption spectrum of zirconic acid. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A swing scroll and pair of fixed scrolls are formed in shape of whorl, in opposite directions.    USE - For fuel cells in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Capacity requirements of motor driving fluid scroll machinery is reduced due to the fixed scrolls and the rotation scrolls.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic diagram of the fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A portion of crystal growth prevention film (2) formed on a substrate (1) is selectively removed, to expose the substrate. The surface of exposed substrate is removed, to form groove (5). Crystal growth solution is made to contact the groove side surface of substrate, so that composition of substrate is changed, temperature of the crystal growth solution is lowered and crystal is grown on the substrate.    USE - For production of light emission-light reception device of large wavelength, and thermooptical electromotive device containing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - High quality crystal is grown on the substrate having different lattice constant, without defects. Highly efficient thermooptical electromotive device containing solar battery, is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the crystal growth method.    crystal substrate (1)    crystal growth prevention films (2,8)    groove (5)
NOVELTY - A template (2) consisting of silicide raw material is formed on a silicon substrate (1). A silicon/iron film (3) and a cover layer (4) for restraining condensation are formed sequentially on the template. A silicide film (5) is formed by epitaxial growth under high temperature annealing.    USE - Forming silicide film during manufacture of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances crystallization and suppresses condensation as template is arranged between the multilayer film and the substrate. Eliminates the need for complicated processes so manufacturing process is simplified. Prevents generation of cavity in the boundary surface so highly efficient solar battery is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section explaining high mobility semiconductor silicide film formation process.    Silicon substrate (1)    Template (2)    Silicon/iron film (3)    Cover layer (4)    Silicide film (5)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (2) which generates electric current by reacting hydrogen with air, hydrogen supply unit to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack and conveying units to lead gas ejected from the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen supply units. The fuel cell stack, conveying units and hydrogen supply unit are arranged sequentially to the front side of a vehicle.    USE - Vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The air ejected from the fuel cell stack as heat carrier is sent back to the hydrogen supply unit so special heating units are not required and size of the fuel cell system is reduced. Since the fuel cell stack is arranged in an extreme side of the hydrogen supply unit, loss of air circulation is minimized. Since the intake unit is provided to the extreme side of the fuel cell stack, intake efficiency is improved with the air pressure during vehicle driving.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The vehicle front side containing the fuel cell stack is equipped with an intake unit to supply air to the fuel cell stack. The vehicle rear side containing the hydrogen supply apparatus is equipped with a water condenser.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire side view of the fuel cell system mounted on vehicle.    Fuel cell stack (2)
NOVELTY - The circulating water temperatures at the outlets of upper and lower cooling water lines of plate-type heat exchanger (1), are made equal. The cooling water flow rate is reduced by half, without reducing the property of a fuel cell main casing (102), by controlling input to a circulating pump (113).    USE - Fuel cell co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Improves electrical generation efficiency of fuel cell by reducing the electrical input to the circulating pump. The property of fuel cell is maintained by utilizing the temperature rise of a cooling water. The fuel cell co-generation system is started reliably without the problem of cooling water flow in a fuel cell being frozen even when outside temperature is low.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure block diagram shows the fuel cell co-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Plate-type heat exchanger (1)    Fuel cell main casing (102)    Circulating pump (113)
NOVELTY - Thin film surface of a glass substrate, is cleaned by applying ultrasonic waves. The glass substrate is etched with an acid. An electrode layer is formed over the cleaned surface.    USE - To treat glass substrate used in the manufacture of a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces adherence of dust and other impurity on the substrate, thereby contact area with the electrode layer is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the surface treatment method of the glass substrate. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Ultraviolet ray transmitting and electrically conductive products consist of materials with a perovskite type crystal structure.    USE - The ultraviolet ray transmitting and electrically conductive products obtained can be used in liquid crystal displays, solar cells, and optical band-pass filters.    ADVANTAGE - The ultraviolet ray transmitting and electrically conductive products obtained have high conductivity and can transmit ultraviolet rays.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ultraviolet ray transmitting and electrically conductive products consist of materials with a perovskite type crystal structure of formula (I):    R = at least one of calcium, strontium and barium.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrically conductive and ultraviolet ray transmitting materials which consist of materials with a sodium-site defective perovskite type crystal structure of composition of formula (II):    x = greater than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 1.
NOVELTY - The optical absorption property of electrical charge moving bed (30) formed on semiconductor layer (20), is less than one fourth of that of the semiconductor layer containing pigments (22).    USE - The optoelectric transducer is used for photoelectric cell solar battery such as single crystal silicon solar battery, polycrystalline silicon solar battery or amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Pigment sensitive semiconductor layer improves energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a fragmentary sectional view showing the structure of optoelectric transducer.    Semiconductor layer (20)    Pigments (22)    Electrical charge moving bed (30)
NOVELTY - A ground electrode and a high frequency electrode (5) are arranged on either sides of a substrate. Rough surfaces of large and small dimensions are formed on the shower electrode surface, such that specific average roughness is obtained.    USE - For manufacture of solar battery, photoreceptor, semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates adhesion of flakes to substrate. Enhances continuous operation time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for shower electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of shower electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    High frequency electrode (5)
NOVELTY - A new photo-carrier generating and transporting thin film for photo-electric transducers is made of a polythiophene derivative which consists of specific repeating units.    USE - For photo-electric transducers including transistors, light emitting diodes, or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The films generate photo-carriers with longer life time and mobility, providing photo-electric transducers having improved conversion efficiency and higher switching time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new photo-carrier generating and transporting thin film for photo-electric transducers is made of a polythiophene derivative which consists of specific repeating units of formula (1).    R = 1-20C alkyl group
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode layer (12) has main thickness section having stannic acid compound and indium tin oxide as main component, and a coated layer of zinc oxide (12a) having thickness in the range of 50-500 nm.    USE - Integrated thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables providing an integrated thin film solar battery without reducing conversion efficiency per effective area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of thin film solar battery.    Electrode layer (12)    Zinc oxide (12a)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor film (13) formed on substrate and immersed in the reaction solution (20) containing more than few kinds of solute, reacts with the solution to form a thin film (14) on semiconductor film. The substrate is extracted from solution, thin film is removed and then immersed in solution again.    USE - For manufacturing copper-indium-selenium solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables manufacturing solar battery with high property, as air bubble formation is prevented by removing thin film after extracting substrate from solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of solar battery.    Semiconductor film (13)    Thin film (14)    Reaction solution (20)
NOVELTY - Process for regulating a fuel cell system comprises rinsing a reformer with air during the starting up and the shutting down process; and feeding the synthesis gas and/or waste gas partially to the next fuel cell. The reformer produces a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas from a hydrogen-rich fuel by partial oxidation or autothermal reforming.    USE - Used for directly converting hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuels into electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: During the starting up process in the reformer after rinsing with air, the combustion process is carried out with complete combustion of the fuel and air, and only after reaching the optimum reaction temperature the air, fuel and/or water amount is regulated after the requirements for the partial oxidation or autothermal reforming. The optimum reaction temperature is reached as soon as it provides sufficient heat to vaporize water introduced into the reactor.
NOVELTY - A transmissive thin film solar cell module comprises a light permeable substrate (2); a front side electrode layer (3); a layer (4) for photovoltaic conversion; a rear side electrode layer (7); a heat retaining element covering the rear side layer; and a sealing layer (10) for sealing the rear side layer. The heat retaining element has a light transmission of 40% or more in the near red wavelength region.    USE - Used as a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has improved performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The sealing layer comprises a blue glass plate with a light transmission of 70% or more in the region of visible light of 400-800 nm. The glass plate has a zinc oxide film or a laminate film of zinc oxide and silver on the surface of the glass plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar cell module.    Light permeable substrate (2)    Front side electrode layer (3)    Layer for photovoltaic conversion (4)    Rear side electrode layer (7)    Sealing layer (10)
NOVELTY - Production of contact collecting rails comprises: (i) pressing a contact collecting rail with electrostatically charged highly conducting metal powder on a glass plate and sintering; and (ii) placing the glass plate on the ITO layer of a solar cell and forming a contact between the metal bus and the solar cell.    USE - Used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The contact properties between the rails and solar cell are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Pressing of the rails is carried out electrophotographically or by screen printing. The metal powder is 5 nm to 500 mum wide and 1 nm to 500 mum thick on the glass plate. The metal powder is bound in a highly conducting thermoplast. The glass plate is flexible.
NOVELTY - Arrangement used for converting light energy into electrical energy is based on TiO2 and is produced on and/or with textile carrier materials.    USE - Used as a solar cell for converting light energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is easy to manufacture and has the highest possible efficiency. It is well tolerated by the skin and has an antibacterial effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The photoelectrode (4) and the counter electrode (6) are applied directly onto the textile substrate and are manufactured independently of each other by weaving, knitting, or another technique used to produce textile surfaces for photo voltaic arrangements. A layer structure or microparticle structure consisting of semiconductor, redox electrolyte and colorant layers is produced directly on the textile surface on the conductive or conductively coated textile material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the arrangement.    deviating contact (1)    photoelectrode (4)    counter electrode (6)
NOVELTY - Device for chemically passivating edge defects in silicon solar cells comprises: (i) applying a suitable etching solution containing alkaline components such as KOH to the edge of the cell so that the chemical reaction is limited to a narrow edge region; and (ii) allowing the reaction to slowly take its course on the edge of the cell after applying the etching solution and strongly accelerating using suitable methods.    USE - Used for chemically passivating edge defects in silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Parasitic reactions outside of the edge regions are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The etching solution contains e.g. KOH, NaOH, NH4OH, organic lyes e.g. TMAH, cholin, alkaline persulfate solutions e.g. KOH + (NH4)2S2O8, NaOH + (NH4)2S2O8, acids such as HNO3 + HF, HNO3 + HF + CH3COOH, HNO3 + HF + CH3COOH, HNO3 + HF + CH3COOH + HclO4, hydrazine solutions or other known silicon etching solutions.
NOVELTY - Process for structuring thin layers using a sol-gel method comprises applying a mask to a substrate, applying a thin film as sol, hardening, removing the hardened film, and converting it into the required solid body state by introducing energy.    USE - Used in the production of corrosion protection layers, optical coatings for microlenses or crystal displays, photocatalytically active layers, solar cells and gas-sensitive semiconductor layers.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for structuring thin layers using a sol-gel method comprises applying a mask (2) to a substrate (1) containing recesses on sites to be coated; applying a thin film (3) as sol onto the whole surface of the substrate covered with the mask; hardening the sol film; removing the hardened sol film only on the mask surface (4) by removing the mask; and converting the hardened sol film into the required solid body state by introducing energy.    Preferred Features: The thin layers are photolithographically applied. An organometallic sol containing metal alcoholates or metal salts is used. One or more organic or inorganic compounds are added to the sol to stabilize it. The sol is applied by immersing, spin coating, spraying, daubing, or by using an electrophoretic method. The sol is converted into a gel film on hardening.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the structured thin layers on a substrate.    Substrate (1)    Mask (2)    Thin film (3)    Mask surface (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system which comprises a fuel cell for generating electric power through supplying a fuel gas to a fuel electrode and air to an oxidizing agent electrode, a cleaning solution tank having a cleaning solution stored therein provided in a line for supplying air and a means for replacing the cleaning solution stored in the cleaning solution tank.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell exhibits high reliability, long useful life and long-term durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system supplies the air having been washed with the cleaning solution to the oxidizing agent electrode and thus can supply clean air to the oxidizing agent electrode at all times by replacing the cleaning solution. In the fuel cell, a clean air for reaction which is free of inorganic or organic dust affecting adversely on cell characteristics and of harmful substances affecting adversely on cell characteristics, such as an aromatic agent, a volatile component of a coating, CO, NOx, SOx, a cyanide compound, a sulfur compound, an aromatic compound and ammonia can be supplied to the oxidizing agent electrode, and thus the deterioration of an electrolyte and the like due to the chemical reaction of the electrode with a harmful substance can be prevented.
NOVELTY - Process for operating a fuel cell system consisting of fuel cell stacks with individual fuel cell units comprises directly removing the carbon dioxide from the anode liquid after it leaves the anode; depleting the vaporous fuel together with the carbon dioxide in counter flow using cold water that is recovered in the condenser of the cathode waste gas; and admixing the warmer water of the anode liquid.    USE - Used in a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The system can be effectively controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell arrangement containing a fuel cell stack with a fuel cell (10) and an anode part (11) and a cathode part (13) separated with a membrane. A condenser (4) with a subsequent CO2 separator is also provided.    Preferably the fuel is methanol which is fed with water as a mixture to a direct methanol fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a direct methanol fuel cell.    Condenser (4)    Fuel cell (10)    Anode part (11)    Cathode part (13)
NOVELTY - The solar cell is manufactured with a CZ silicon single crystal wafer having an initial interstitial oxygen concentration of 15 ppm and a BMD density of 5x10power8/cm3 or less.    USE - Solar cell manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell shows a reduced range in the variation of properties.
NOVELTY - A seed layer is formed in grooves on the substrate by electroless plating, followed by sintering. An electrically conductive base layer is formed on the seed layer by electroless plating. The grooves are filled with an electrically conducting contact forming material using an electrolytic bath comprising leveling and suppressing additives and by applying a constant cell voltage.    USE - Used for metallizing contacts of buried grid solar cell e.g. PV solar cell for terrestrial applications.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances quality and reduces processing time by filling grooves with contact forming materials having suppressing and leveling additives in specific composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for buried grid solar cell.
NOVELTY - Production of an electrically conducting contact on a metallic substrate comprises arranging a layer with aluminum on a metallic substrate; applying a silver contact element; and heating the components so that the aluminum and the silver from the contact element are transformed into a eutectic Ag-Al soldering system.    USE - Used in a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The contact layer has good long term stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The soldering system forms a layer of thickness less than 0.05, preferably less than 0.03 mm. The layer with aluminum is used as an intermediate layer. A bipolar plate comprising an Al2O3 alloy is used as the metallic substrate.
NOVELTY - Back cover material, comprises moisture resistant film interposed between heat and weather resistant films. The moisture resistant film consists of base film having a deposited layer of inorganic oxide, on surface.    USE - Used as rear surface protective material for solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The back cover material for solar cell excels in moisture resistance, durability and insulating characteristics. The layer of deposited inorganic oxide on base surface is an excellent insulator, hence short-circuit and leak current associated with underlying components such as photovoltaic element and wire of a solar cell module is prevented. The back cover material is light and thin. The anchor coat layer prevents permeation of moisture through back cover material, for a long time. The heat and weather resistant films protect the moisture resistant film, and improves working efficiency of solar cell. The solar cell module has high durability and performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module comprising solar cell(s) interposed between front and rear surface protection materials. The rear surface protection material is the back cover material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of a back cover material.    Back cover material (1)    Heat and weather resistant films (2,3)    Adhesive (16)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module comprises a transparent material on a side opposite a light incident side of a solar cell portion (2) on a transparent substrate (1); and a printed matter (4) having a prescribed pattern between the solar cell portion and the transparent material.    USE - The solar battery module is used for an electricity generating system installed at a window or a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module has a daylighting function in addition to the electricity generating function. It has an improved appearance at the back that allows the back to be exhibited in a positive manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a stack-layered structure of a solar battery module.    Substrate (1)    Solar cell portion (2)    Printed matter (4)
NOVELTY - Provided is a biological fuel cell containing a cathode fixed with a neutral red as an electron transfer medium, which can be applied to a waste water treatment process for reducing the generation of sludge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The biological fuel cell comprises an anode and a cathode being graphite electrodes, a reaction tank of the anode equipped with an oxygen injection port, a reaction tank of the cathode equipped with a nitrogen injection port, an ion permeation membrane for separating the reaction tanks, the electron transfer medium being the neutral red, and a microorganism catalyst, wherein the neutral red is fixed to the cathode. The ion permeation membrane is selected from the group consisting of a glass fritted ion exchange membrane, a ceramic ion exchange membrane, and a synthetic resin ion exchange membrane.
NOVELTY - A solar cell and its manufacturing method are provided to promote the electrical characteristic by reducing the interfacial phenomena existing between ITO layer and InP surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - To form the solar cell, an InP substrate(21) whose predetermined upper part has MESA structure is formed to be used for p type layer. An ohmic contact layer(22) is formed under the InP substrate and used for a lower electrode. A sulfide passivation layer(23) is formed on the InP substrate. An ITO layer(24) is formed on the sulfide passivation layer to work as a reflection preventing layer with N+ layer. A top grid layer(25) is formed on the ITO layer and used for the upper electrode.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply apparatus comprises a reformer (1), occlusion tank (3) and a release tank (4), both equipped with hydrogen occlusion alloy. The occlusion and release tanks (3,4) occludes hydrogen from the reformer and releases the occluded hydrogen. The occlusion tank has a compressed vertical cylindrical container. The ratio of height and diameter in the container is 1 or less.    USE - For fuel cells, particularly in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen fuel such as alcohol and liquefied petroleum gas is reformed by the reformer, thereby the hydrogen fuel is produced stably. The hydrogen supply apparatus provides required amount of hydrogen when high load is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The release tank has a release opening which releases the hydrogen. The hydrogen supply apparatus has an inlet which introduces the reformed gas from the reformer to the release tank.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the hydrogen occlusion method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system having hydrogen supply apparatus.    Reformer (1)    Occlusion tank (3)    Release tank (4)
NOVELTY - The fuel oil for kerosene group fuel cell, comprises 15 weight ppm (wt.ppm) or less, preferably 10 wt.ppm or less of alkyl dibenzothiophene, and 2 vol% or less, preferably 0.2 vol% or less of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, whose contents satisfy a predefined relation.    USE - For a kerosene group fuel cell for motor vehicles, and industrial and consumer applications.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel oil has a low sulfur content, and thereby amount of desulfurizing agent used for desulfurization of the fuel oil is reduced, and durability of water vapor reforming catalyst used for hydrogen production is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Content of alkyl dibenzothiophene (in wt.ppm) and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound (in vol%) in the fuel oil satisfy the relation 0.256x(content of alkyl dibenzothiophene)+1.103x(content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound)-2.615 is at most2.
NOVELTY - Coupling electrode (10) comprises two or more electrodes of network structure (11) laminated to each other. Each electrode of network structure has an electro-conductive metal net, an oxide semiconductor film formed on the surface of metal net, and an organic coloring matter film formed on the surface of semiconductor film.    USE - As lateral electrode for pigment sensitizing type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The pigment sensitizing type solar battery using the coupling electrode, has small internal resistance, and favorable electronic transfer. Effective usage of light can be planned by the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for pigment sensitizing type solar cell (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of pigment sensitizing type solar battery. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    pigment sensitizing type solar battery (1)    oxide semiconductor pigment coupling electrode (10)    electrode of network structure (11)
NOVELTY - Oxide semiconductor electrode (10) comprises a network structure, of an electro-conductive material such as a metal, as a core part. The network electrode (11) has a porous oxide semiconductor layer adhered on the metal mesh. The oxide semiconductor layer comprises inner and outer layers, and a porous, organic coloring matter film exists on the inner part of the semiconductor layer.    USE - For pigment-sensitizing type solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Internal resistance is minimized and electron transfer is made favorable, by the structure of the electrode. The pigment-sensitizing type solar battery obtains a favorable electric current versus voltage curve, by effectively utilizing light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxide semiconductor pigment-coupled electrode (10) is used as a lateral electrode of a pigment-sensitizing-type solar battery (1). INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) network electrode; and    (b) pigment-sensitizing type solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows explanatory drawing of pigment-sensitizing-type solar battery. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    pigment-sensitizing type solar battery (1)    electrolyte container (5)    oxide semiconductor pigment-coupled electrode (10)    network structure electrode (11)    electrode (30)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) generates electricity for melting the snow. Heat generated in connection with the electricity generation is utilized for melting the snow.    USE - Used for melting snow from roof of building and door opening surroundings, public road, foot walk and home.    ADVANTAGE - Enables usage of cheaper energy by using fuel cell in place of electric power from mains as fuel cell is used for electricity generation. Consumption of power is reduced effectively as heat is recovered and used for snow melting.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the snow melting system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell system (1)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor (4) comprises a porous, sintered compact of a semiconductor material containing titanium oxide.    USE - For solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, porosity and surface roughness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Titanium oxide is titanium dioxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Semiconductor manufacture;    (b) Solar battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of a solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Semiconductor (4)
NOVELTY - An opto-electric transducer has photosensitive layer, electric charge moving bed (30) and counter electrode (40) sequentially laminated on electroconductive support (50). The void between semiconductor microparticle (21) which absorbed pigment (22) in photosensitive layer is filled with charge transport material (23). The porosity between microparticles gradually decreases towards the direction of support.    USE - For solar battery (claimed) such as single crystal silicon solar battery, polycrystalline silicon solar cell or amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The opto-electric transducer excels in photoelectric conversion efficiency. The short-circuit current density is large.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Solar battery which has opto-electric transducer.    (2) Solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fragmentary sectional view of an opto-electric transducer.    Semiconductor microparticle (21)    Pigment (22)    Charge transport material (23)    Electric charge moving bed (30)    Counter electrode (40)    Support (50)    Undercoat (60)
NOVELTY - The surface of heat resistance resin film is positively charged, when rolling.    USE - Roll of heat resistance film which is used as base film of electronic components e.g. printed wiring, solar battery, vapor deposition type magnetic tape, thermal transfer type inked ribbon for the electrical insulation material, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The resistance during film unwinding is low, as the positive electrification previously added to the surface is neutralized by the negative electrification occurred when pulling out the film. The uniform coating film is obtained when coating the coating agent which contained the magnetic substance as the adherence of dust is prevented. Thin film is formed stably by vapor deposition or sputtering and quality of product is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Heat resistance resin is polyimide resin or aramide resin. The average thickness of the film is 1-150 micronsm. The mean particle diameter of inactive microparticles of 0.005-1.0 weight% in resin, is 5-150 nm. Average aggregation degree of the microparticle is 1-100. The symmetry average roughness (SRa) in at least one side of the film surface measured on the cut-off wavelength of 25 micronsm, is 0.1-10 nm.
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer comprises a porous titanium oxide semiconductor electrode adsorbed with a pigment (4) on the surface, an electrolyte which has an oxidation reduction pair (5) and a counter electrode (6). Titanium oxide comprising the semiconductor electrode has two maximum values in the primary grain size distribution.    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has increased specific surface area, optical absorption quantity and improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. Photocatalytic activity is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) the production of an optoelectric transducer comprising mixing TiO2 of two different primary grain sizes and preparing a coating liquid which is adjusted so that the distribution of the primary grain size of the titanium oxide comprising the semiconductor electrode has two maximum values, where the coating liquid is applied on a substrate (1) and baked and a porous titanium oxide thin film (2) is produced; and    (ii) a porous titanium oxide semiconductor electrode for an optoelectric transducer which contains titanium oxide having two maximum values in the primary grain size distribution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the structure of the optoelectric transducer.    Substrate (1)    Titanium oxide thin film (3)    Pigment (4)    Electrolyte having oxidation reduction pair (5)    Counter electrode (6)
NOVELTY - A p dope area and a n dope area are formed on a silicon substrate on a protective layer. An aluminum layer and an insulating layer are formed on p and n dope areas sequentially. By selective etching of the aluminum and insulating layers, an aperture is formed on the insulating layer and is then coated with another aluminum layer.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces generation of void or solder fatigue by flattening substrate surface. Electroconductivity can be secured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart explaining solar cell manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A redox flow battery has an electrolyte tank (21) arranged at the lower portion of a solar panel (20).    USE - Electric power system.    ADVANTAGE - Installation space is reduced, as the solar battery and storage battery are integrally provided in the electric power system. Since the electrolyte tank is provided at lower portion of solar panel, direct heat rays on electrolyte tank is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the electric power system with solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar panel (20)    Electrolyte tank (21)
NOVELTY - An electrode (103) is formed on a substrate (101) through an electromagnetic shield layer (102). Another transparent electrode (108) is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer (107). The electrodes are connected with a drive unit (110) of an electronic device. The shield layer is made up of soft magnetic material to cover the drive unit completely.    USE - For electronic devices (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduces influence of external electromagnetic noise on the electronic device. Reduces manufacturing cost by reducing manufacturing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (101)    Shield layer (102)    Electrodes (103,108)    Photoelectric conversion layer (107)    Drive unit (110)
NOVELTY - An alkali silicate type insulation layer (2) which is blended with fine particles of alumina having a mean particle diameter of 1 micronsm or less and a silicon type insulation layer (3), are sequentially laminated on a metallic substrate (1).    USE - For e.g. solar batteries, resin films, metal plates or glass panes.    ADVANTAGE - Even when the substrate is heated at high temperature, the insulation property of the substrate is not reduced due to the formation of an alumina blended alkali silicate type and silicone type insulation layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the insulated substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Metallic substrate (1)    Alkali silicate type insulation layer (2)    Silicon type insulation layer (3)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and a backside electrode layer, made of carbon containing resin binder, solvent, and ink additive agent are formed on a permeable substrate. The substrate contains electroconductive fine particles, e.g. ITO, SnO2, ZnO, Ag, Cu, Ni or Mo.    USE - For electronic devices of low power consumption, e.g. calculators or clocks.    ADVANTAGE - Improves connection reliability of a solar battery and circuit board, by which electrostatic pressure resistance is improved and manufacturing process yield is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of a solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show sectional views in the production of a solar battery.
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer comprises a transparent substrate(s), conductive electrode provided on substrate, and photosensitive layer comprising a semiconductor and a counter electrode. A fluorescent material or fluorescent luminous material is present in transparent substrate and on the transparent substrate or in the counter electrode.    USE - For photoelectric cell (claimed) for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Optoelectric transducer and photoelectric cell with excellent energy conservation efficiency and durability are obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor is a porous semiconductor containing metal chalcogenide and a pigment. An electric charge moving bed is installed between photosensitive layer and counter electrode.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric cell.
NOVELTY - Mask layer (11) with predetermined aperture is formed on substrate (10). An electrode (16) is provided on the electroconductive film. The entire structure is covered with a transparent cover (18) using adhesive (19). An identical multilayered structure is formed on other side of substrate simultaneously, and the individual structures are removed from the substrate to form two modules.    USE - The method is used for manufacturing solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacturing efficiency of solar battery module is improved since individual modules are obtained simultaneously. Thickness of the module is reduced. High performance module without any distortion or damage is obtained. Separation layer is not needed and it reduces amount of waste material thrown away after separation. Manufacturing cost is reduced by utilizing the same substrate again for the formation of module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mask layer is provided with a crystallization layer (13), n-layer (14) and an electroconductive film (15) sequentially.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of solar battery manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (10)    Mask layer (11)    Crystallization layer (13)    n-layer (14)    Electroconductive film (15)    Electrode (16)    Transparent cover (18)    Adhesive (19)
NOVELTY - Transparent intermediate film which consists of tin oxide film (2) and silicon oxide film (3), is formed between glass substrate (1) and light irradiation surface of transparent electrically conductive tin oxide film (4). Optoelectric transducer electrode and other electrically conductive film are sequentially laminated on rear surface of transparent substrate.    USE - Roof and outer wall of residence for mounting solar battery such as photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the average reflectance and the reflective interference of roof and outer wall of residence, by forming transparent film between glass substrate and transparent electrically conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded section of the substrate for photovoltaic cells.    Glass substrate (1)    Tin oxide film (2)    Silicon oxide film (3)    Transparent electrically conductive tin oxide film (4)
NOVELTY - Plasma of mixture of gas including hydrogen and phosphine, is discharged to epitaxial or semiconductor crystallization thin film surface of III-V group mixed crystal semiconductor or III-V group compound semiconductor substrate for surface treatment.    USE - For surface treatment of semiconductor substrate of semiconductor device e.g. thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Attains stable semiconductor device by efficient surface treatment of semiconductor substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas flow adjusting device.
NOVELTY - A pigment sensitizing n-type semiconductor layer (4) is formed on an electroconductive support (1) to form an optical anode. The optical cathode consisting of p-type semiconductor layer (5) is formed on an electroconductive support. The cathode and the anode are joined through an electric charge moving bed (6).    USE - The optoelectric transducer is used for photoelectric cell used in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - As an optoelectric transducer with excellent energy conversion efficiency is manufactured, the output voltage of the photoelectric cell is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photoelectric cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electroconductive support (1)    n-type semiconductor layer (4)    p-type semiconductor layer (5)    Electric charge moving bed (6)
NOVELTY - Reflex and reflective increase layers (102,103) and semiconductor layer (105) are formed on a substrate (101). A portion of semiconductor layer (105) is composed by the silicon layer which has a pillared fine crystal structure. Several scribe grooves (104,106,108) are formed on each of several layers which have transparent conductive layer (107).    USE - Semiconductor device with rectification function e.g. photovoltaic cell, thin film transistor.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates degradation by the photoirradiation substantially. Radiates the laser light at preset angle with respect to direction of a normal line of the surface of pillared fine crystal by setting the depth directions of scribe grooves.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The depth directions of grooves are set to 0-50degrees with respect to direction of an normal line of surface of pillared fine crystal.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of lamination of photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (101)    Layers (102,103)    Scribe grooves (104,106,108)    Semiconductor layer (105)    Transparent conductive layer (107)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode layer (2), semiconductor photoelectric conversion layer (3), back side electrode layer (4) are formed sequentially on the back side of transparent insulated substrate (1) of solar battery cell. A gluing film (7) is used as a portion of the sealing agent which seals the back side of solar battery cell.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The wrinkle which causes penetration of moisture is not formed in sealing agent, hence the long term reliability of solar cell is improved. Time of sealing process is shortened and productivity of solar cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of peripheral portion of solar battery module. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (1)    electrode layers (2,4)    photoelectric conversion layer (3)    gluing film (7)
NOVELTY - Coating body comprises a stainless steel, glass or a translucent and heat-resistant resin substrate whose at least one surface is coated under normal pressure with polysilazane applied liquid and subjected to water vapor oxidation and heat treatment to form a silica film.    USE - Used as protection member for solar battery module. as base material for (vacuum) film formings.    ADVANTAGE - The coating material has excellent translucency, electric insulation, heat and weather resistance, thereby performance degradation of the solar battery module in an outdoor installation is prevented over long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module provided with a coating body.
NOVELTY - Device for introducing educts into parallel separated chambers (3) comprises a distributor unit (2) having outlets (21) which protrude into the chambers. At each point in the distributor unit the boiling point of the medium lies above the temperature of the medium in the unit.    USE - Used as a plate reactor, vaporizer or in a fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Uniform distribution of the educts is achieved avoiding pulsations in the distributor system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The distributor unit is structured so that the flow resistance of the pressure loss varies in the unit depending on a temperature progression along the unit.    The flow resistance or pressure loss increases proportionally to the temperature of the unit.    The boiling point of the medium is highest at the hottest point of the unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the device.    Distributor unit (2)    Chambers (3)    Outlets (21)
NOVELTY - A nm-class Pt catalyst for fuel battery with proton exchange membrane is prepared by deposition method under existance of surfactant or doping component. The resultant nm-class carried Pt/C catalyst has the advantages of simple preparing process, low cost, small particle size, high dispersity and specific surface area, and higher electrocatalytic activity.
NOVELTY - A carrier catalyst for fuel battery is prepared through carbonizing or graphitizing petroleum asphalt or tar asphalt, selecting small carbon spheres as intermediate phase and using them as carrier, activating by air or alkali, adding the activated spheres to the solution of chloroplastinic acid or the mixed solution of chloroplatini acid and ruthenium chloride, slowly dropping the solution of sodium thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide, filter, washing with deionized water and heating. Said catalyst has higher catalysis activity to methanol.
NOVELTY - Removing fuel from a waste gas containing the fuel and carbon dioxide comprises feeding the waste gas through a porous material; and introducing water counter-currently using a pump so that the water completely absorbs the carbon dioxide/fuel mixture.    USE - Used for removing fuel from the anode gas of a methanol fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The absolute methanol amount in the waste gas is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for removing fuel from a waste gas containing the fuel and carbon dioxide comprising a gas scrubber (30) for exchanging fluids in the modification of a gas phase on one side and a liquid on the other side. Preferred Features: The fuel is methanol. The process is carried out in a vertical or horizontal stream. The scrubber has vertical lamellae (32) arranged open and/or slanted to each other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the gas scrubber.    Gas scrubber (30)    Lamellae (32)
NOVELTY - Electrically conductive ink comprising electrically conductive powder and electrically conductive fibers having aspect ratio of greater than 2:1 is used to form electrically conductive layer.    USE - The ink is used for making electrodes in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photovoltaic cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrically conductive ink comprising electrically conductive fibers and electrically conductive powder is more conductive than ink comprising electrically conductive powders only. The electrically conductive ink enables inexpensive and chemically resistant electrodes to be formed. The conductive layer formed using the ink enables to protect the interior of the cell from external environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) solar cell comprising electrically conductive layer formed using electrically conductive ink; and    (ii) photovoltaic cell comprising electrically conductive layer formed using electrically conductive ink.
NOVELTY - The non-planar solar diode (10) comprises an n-type or p-type substrate (12) surrounded by intermediate layer (14) containing material incompatible to substrate material, and several hetero-junction super lattice structures enclosing the layer (14). The hetero-junction super lattice structure comprises silicon layer and a selenium-beryllium-tellurium (SeBeTe) layers, alternatively.    USE - For solar panel assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hetero-junction super lattice structures have very high quality, matched lattice constant and a low interface state density hetero-junction between silicon layer and SeBeTe layer. The SeBeTe layer is inexpensive as compared to conventional compound semiconductors. The device can convert higher energy light as well as light of energy 1.1 eV, to electric energy. Solar diode and assembly are highly efficient and can be manufactured by a relative straight forward and inexpensive process. The diodes are arranged favorably in solar panel assembly such that light is exposed on majority of each diode surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar panel assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of solar diode.    Solar diode (10)    Substrate (12)    Intermediate layer (14)
NOVELTY - A copper-indium-gallium-diselenide film is prepared by providing a substrate; providing a buffered electro-deposition bath containing ions of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium; and placing the substrate in the buffered electro-deposition bath to form a semiconductor layer having copper, indium, gallium, and selenium.    USE - The method is used for preparing CIGS film used in fabricating photovoltaic solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is inexpensive and provides efficient CIGS films. It allows for more uniform and consistent gallium deposition. It also minimizes formation of metal oxides contaminants that adversely affect the efficiency of the cell. It simplifies the fabrication of the CIGS layer while producing efficient solar cells. It minimizes if not eliminates physical vapor deposition steps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a thin film photovoltaic cell including semiconductor layer(s) with a copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) film having a band gap of 1.1-1.45 eV. The photovoltaic cell has a conversion efficiency of at least 9.0%, an open circuit voltage of at least 0.4V, a current of at least 30 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of at least 58%.
NOVELTY - Production of a solar module (115) comprises preparing a thin layer mask (100) having a pattern of complete surfaces (101) with integrated empty surfaces (102); detachedly fixing the mask on a substrate (104) as carrier layer; applying a metal layer (105) to structure a back electrode (106); laterally moving the mask over the electrode to form narrow upper covering pins (108) in the direction and lower covering pins (107) against the direction of the movement; applying a photovoltaic active thin semiconductor layer (109) made from amorphous or microcrystalline semiconductor material to form a structured absorber layer (110); removing the mask; applying a transparent conducting front layer (111) to form a front electrode (112); and structuring the front layer in separating regions of the upper covering pins up to the metal layer of the bask electrode.    USE - Used as a thin layer solar module.    ADVANTAGE - The module has homogeneous layer thickness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The absorber layer is made from amorphous or polycrystalline or microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline CdTe or chalkopyrite compounds of formula: AgxCu1-xInyGa1-ySzSe2-z-wTeW (where, x and y = 0-1, and z and w = 0-2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the process steps for the production of the solar module.    mask (100)    complete surfaces (101)    empty surfaces (102)    substrate (104)    metal layer (105)    back electrode (106)    lower covering pins (107)    upper covering pins (108)    semiconductor layer (109)    absorber layer (110)    front layer (111)    front electrode (112)
NOVELTY - A layer of aluminum (20) is deposited on the back surface of a silicon wafer (12) to form an interface. The silicon wafer is irradiated, such that impurities (32) in the wafer migrate and dissolve in aluminum melt at the interface. The irradiation is stopped to allow molten aluminum with dissolved impurities to cool and solidify.    USE - To remove impurities from a wafer used for solar cells or metal oxide semiconductor devices.    ADVANTAGE - Process time and/or temperature are lowered for gettering impurities from crystalline or multi-crystalline substrates of solar cell devices. Allows for dissolving precipitate impurities in crystalline or multi-crystalline substrates to enable more effective gettering of such impurities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a silicon solar cell device.    Silicon wafer (12)    Aluminum layer (20)    Impurities (32)
NOVELTY - A circuit (24) connects a battery (22) to a load (20), when the fuel cell system delays in responding to a power change. A controller (40) connected to a current sensor (34), monitors cell voltages of a fuel cell stack (12) of the system, from exceeding a maximum threshold value.    USE - Used for household electrical appliance.    ADVANTAGE - Provides uninterrupted, stabilized power supply to the connected loads.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell stack usage method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (12)    Load (20)    Battery (22)    Circuit (24)    Current sensor (34)    Controller (40)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a light incident surface at a side of a semiconductor substrate (1), an intermediate energy level layer (2) having electron traps and formed on the light incident surface, and semiconductor regions of first and second conductive types formed in the other side of the semiconductor substrate.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has high efficiency in energy conversion, improved durability, and does not require high accuracy in production process. It also minimizes the distance of movement of carriers across the intermediate energy level layer, and lowers the probability of recombination of the carriers in the intermediate energy level layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a solar cell comprising doping a side of a semiconductor substrate with impurity to form an intermediate energy level layer having electron traps, doping the other side of the substrate with impurities of a first conductive type and a second conductive type respectively to form first conductive regions, and providing and connecting external electrodes (14n, 14p) to the first conductive regions and the second conductive regions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross- sectional view of the solar cell.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Intermediate energy level layer (2)    Electrodes (14n, 14p)
NOVELTY - Metal contacts are applied on a solar cell wafer by depositing a grid and bus bar pattern on the front side of a silicon wafer by focused plasma spraying of a first metal powder while the wafer is in a deposition station.    USE - For the application of metal contacts on a solar cell wafer.    ADVANTAGE - The method eliminates the need to have substrates exposed to very high temperatures which tend to deteriorate the diffused junction of metal to silicon. It provides improved conversion efficiencies of solar cells by having improved ohmic contacts and grid patters, and by providing front side grid electrodes of greater aspect ratios of height to width. The application of metal on the diffused wafer surface and the backside is achieved at a single deposition station in one pass, instead of using separate screen-printing devices and production steps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Application of metal contacts on a solar cell wafer (11) involves placing a wafer in a wafer carrier system connected to a plasma spray deposition station. The wafer carrier system is advanced so as to introduce the wafer into the deposition station. A metal grid (3) and bus bar pattern are deposited on the front side of the wafer by focused plasma spraying of a first metal powder while the wafer is in the deposition station. A full metal contact layer is deposited on the backside of the wafer by plasma spraying a second metal powder while the wafer is in the deposition station.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a plasma spray deposition station comprising a wafer carrier system for holding a wafer edgewise, a front side focused plasma spray nozzle (9) array, and a backside contact layer nozzle array.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagrammatic cross section view of solar cell silicon wafer held in wafer carrier system in metal deposition plasma spray station.    Grid (3)    Nozzle (9)    Wafer (11)
NOVELTY - Multiple interconnects (14) connect electrical contacts of adjacent silicon substrates (12) formed with solar batteries. A flexible peripheral interconnect (20) connected to the silicon substrates, has a flattened spiral metal strip comprising silver foil, for contraction and expansion of the peripheral interconnect.    USE - Solar battery module with specific electrical interconnection structure in high altitude and space application.    ADVANTAGE - The flattened spiral metal strip enables the contraction and expansion of peripheral interconnect without significant buckling and the foil is flattened without increasing the thickness of interconnect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrical interconnection structure fabrication method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plan view of solar battery submodule.    Silicon substrates (12)    Interconnects (14)    Peripheral interconnect (20)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprises positive electrode which has positive electrode active material, negative plate having negative plate active material, and non-aqueous electrolyte which has electrolyte salt in non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains approximately g-butyrolactone and phenylene carbonate or its derivative as non-aqueous solvent.    USE - Used for portable apparatus such as mobile telephone, simple mobile telephone, small-sized computers, and as power supplier for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolyte battery has favorable low-temperature characteristics and high energy density. The light weight battery has high charging and discharging characteristics and high durability. The corrosion of the electrode is eliminated.
NOVELTY - The release of hydrogen form hydrogen occlusion material, involves subjecting the hydrogen occlusion material to gas atmospheres, such as an inactive gas atmosphere, and releasing only hydrogen gas.    USE - For releasing hydrogen from hydrogen occlusion material.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen from the hydrogen occlusion material is released efficiently, simply and in large amount by the hydrogen release method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Hydrogen occlusion release method;    (b) Hydrogen occlusion system (1);    (c) Fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of hydrogen occlusion system.    Hydrogen occlusion system (1)
NOVELTY - A calculator calculates desired values for total amount of oxidizing agent supplied to a modifier (52) and a carbon dioxide removal unit (57), anode and cathode inlet pressure. A controller adjusts actual observed values to the desired non-interacting valves, so as to control the flow rate of oxidizing agent supplied to carbon dioxide removal unit and to perform feed forward compensation of the flow rate.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is controlled reliably within a short time and temperature control of modifier is performed reliably and efficiently, by detecting the flow rate of oxidizing agent supplied to modifier, quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for modifier temperature control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (52)    Carbon dioxide removal unit (57)
NOVELTY - A charcoal filter (12) is provided between inlet and water storage tank (21). An ion exchanger (14) is included between the water storage tank and cool water circulating flow line (25).    USE - Fuel cell with water purification function.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents influence of organic acids contained in water, to the fuel cell, and hence prevents corrosion and performance degradation. Maintains purity of water at a high state. Performs effective transformation of ions in hypochlorous acid, without requiring any external fitter or water supply, by using built-in charcoal filter. Hence simplifies construction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Charcoal filter (12)    Ion exchanger (14)    Water storage tank (21)    Cool water circulating flow line (25)
NOVELTY - The system consists of a reference force (16) that is provided to both the sides of an electrolyte (18). An air pole consisting of reversible hydrogen electrode, is provided close to the edge portion of one electrode. The operating conditions of the fuel cell is adjusted based on the detected potential difference between the reference pole and a fuel electrode or between the reference pole and an air pole.    USE - Fuel cell control system for vehicle mounted power source or stationary power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Enables driving a fuel cell always at optimum operating conditions, by detecting potential difference between reference and air poles. Enables maintaining maximum energy conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of reference pole of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reference force (16)    Electrolyte (18)
NOVELTY - A judging unit judges whether a modification reaction device (104) generating reformed gas containing hydrogen is in warming-up condition. When the reaction device is in warming-up condition, a controller (501) controls valves (510-513) so as to supply the reformed gas to a fuel cell (200) without passing through a absorption tower (500) which removes the substances except hydrogen.    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the electric power is generated even when the reaction device is under warming-up condition, the sufficient power can be supplied to drive the vehicle and also the fuel consumption is reduced efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification reaction device (104)    Fuel cell (200)    Absorption tower (500)    Controller (501)    Valves (510-513)
NOVELTY - A controller (23) controls the opening of a valve (7) for adjusting lateral pressure of anode, of a fuel cell (3), so that the detected temperature of modifiers (1,2) reaches a target value. Pressure detectors (20,22) detect actual pressure of the anode and cathode side inlets of the fuel cell, respectively. Controllers (24,25) control the pressure of the cathode side inlet, based on the detected actual pressure.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - By maintaining pressure difference between anode to a specific value, the flow rate of the oxidizing agent of the modifier can be quickly controlled to a desired value and hence temperature control response property of modifier is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for modifier temperature control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifiers (1,2)    Fuel cell (3)    Valve (7)    Pressure detectors (20,22)    Controller (23)    Controllers (24,25)
NOVELTY - Sealants (21,22) consist of elastic materials such as rubber or synthetic resin materials with varying hardness. The sealants are provided respectively to the front and back surfaces of a thin film carrier (1).    USE - Thin film carrier gasket for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film carrier is sealed effectively, by the composite integration of the elastic materials to the carrier and hence the cost and weight reduction are attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film carrier gasket. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thin film carrier (1)    Sealants (21,22)
NOVELTY - The power generator (1) is mounted in a casing of personal computer (12) such that the heat emitted from the CPU (15) is supplied to the generator.    USE - In personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reliable ejection of water in the case during energy conversion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for power generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of personal computer installed with power generator.    Power generator (1)    Personal computer (12)    CPU (15)
NOVELTY - An evaporator comprises a header (12A) consisting of supply routes (10,11) which are piled up in two stages on upper surface of a heat exchanger (9), for supply of methanol (30) and water (31), respectively. The supply holes (13a,13b) are drilled on the respective supply routes for conveying mixture of methanol and water.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since supply holes are provided, methanol and water are individually supplied to each supply route, and mixed reliably at lower supply route, and so the response lag time is reduced when the mix ratio of methanol and water is changed, improving the efficiency of vaporization.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the evaporator used for fuel cell.    (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat exchanger (9)    Supply routes (10,11)    Header (12A)    Supply holes (13a,13b)    Methanol (30)    Water (31)
NOVELTY - A film (101) and an interconnector (102) are alternately laminated using a gas seal material (104). Sodium silicate, potassium silicate and aqueous solution of silica-sol are applied to the end face of the gas seal material.    USE - Fuel cell sealing structure.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel cell sealing is improved by using gas seal material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a gas seal structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Film (101)    Interconnector (102)    Gas seal material (104)
NOVELTY - A primary hydrogen storage unit (MH1) supplies hydrogen at normal temperature. A secondary hydrogen storage unit (MH2) supplies hydrogen at temperature higher than normal temperature. The hydrogen in the secondary unit is heated using heat of fuel cell (120). The supply from both units is selected by a switch. A valve (34) is opened to fill hydrogen in primary unit, when hydrogen is supplied from secondary unit.    USE - For fuel cell system in moving units (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The selective supply of hydrogen using the switch enables efficient filling of the storage units by preventing either becoming empty. Energy efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell system; and    (b) Moving unit using the above systems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Filling valve (34)    Fuel cell (120)    Primary hydrogen storage unit (MH1)    Secondary hydrogen storage unit (MH2)
NOVELTY - The fuel oil is obtained by polymerizing light olefins and subjecting to hydrogenation.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel oil has extremely low sulfur concentration. Sulfur- and coke-poisoning of the catalyst in the reforming process, is suppressed. Durability of the catalyst is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of hydrogen in fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon thin film comprises nucleus substrate layer (51) containing metal, alloy, metallic oxide or silicon, nucleus layer (52) containing silicon, and polycrystalline silicon layer (53), sequentially laminated on substrate (20). The substrate is glass, ceramics, metal or alloy, which is deposited with transparent electroconductive resin film. The film production is performed at 500degreesC.    USE - For thin film solar battery or thin film transistor.    ADVANTAGE - The polycrystalline silicon thin film having high crystallization rate, is efficiently formed by low temperature process, on inexpensive substrate such as glass, ceramics, metal or alloy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Manufacture of polycrystalline silicon thin film;    (b) Silicon group optoelectric transducer;    (c) Manufacture of silicon group optoelectric transducer    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional diagram of polycrystalline silicon thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (20)    Nucleus substrate layer (51)    Nucleus layer (52)    Polycrystalline silicon thin film layer (53)
NOVELTY - Safety valve (11) is provided in flow path (7) through which heating gas or oxidizing agent is supplied.    USE - Fuel cell safety device.    ADVANTAGE - Gas supply during combustion is stopped easily and reliably by a simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the fuel cell safety device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Flow path (7)    Safety valve (11)
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on the light-receiving surface of the semiconductor substrate. Silicon oxide film is formed by oxidizing the silicon layer, and the film is removed from the silicon layer.    USE - For manufacture of solar battery cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing cost, as the light-receiving surface is formed using polycrystalline silicon. Simplifies oxidation, as the roughness pattern of texture surface is adjusted easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery cell.
NOVELTY - A substrate is intermittently conveyed through preheating zones (1-5), heating zones (6-10) and cooling zones (11-18), such that the substrate is treated as per a predetermined temperature curve. Radiant tube burner (20) and electric heater (21) are used as heat source in the preheating zone and heating zone respectively.    USE - Used in manufacture of substrate e.g. glass substrate for plasma display panel.    ADVANTAGE - Radiant tube burner reduces energy cost for drying and baking by 50%. Limited use of electric heater, eliminates the need for providing a large scale electric power and installation. Since combustion takes places inside the radiant tube, CO2 output is reduced. Temperature management is made easy. Optimal arrangement of radiant tube burner ensures homogeneous temperature distribution on substrate surface. Defects such as notching and cracking are eliminated. Product yield is improved. Can be conveniently used for mass manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of heat treatment system and heat treatment curve. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Preheating zones (1-5)    Heating zones (6-10)    Cooling zones (11-18)    Radiant tube burner (20)    Electric heater (21)
NOVELTY - Catalyst element (1) consists of a catalyst plate made of a porous material and a sturdy connecting element (3) whose side on the catalyst side is enclosed by and connected to the catalyst plate. Fixing devices (6) are provided on the exposed end of the connecting element facing away from the catalyst.    USE - Used for stacking reactors for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - The element can be easily connected to the surroundings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a stacking reactor for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons containing the catalyst element;    (b) a process for producing a catalyst element comprising connecting the surface of a connecting element to a mediator layer by sintering, soldering or adhering, and connecting the free side of the mediator layer to the catalyst plate by sintering; and    (c) a process for producing a stacking reactor comprising forming a catalyst element and sintering the element with catalyst plates in a stacking state.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the catalyst element.    Catalyst element (1)    Connecting element (3)    Fixing devices (6)
NOVELTY - Curable fluoropolyether rubber composition comprises: (A) a straight-chain fluoropolyether compound having at least two alkenyl groups in a molecule and a perfluoropolyether structure in the backbone; (B) an organosilicon compound having in a molecule at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms; and (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst.    USE - The curable fluoro polyether rubber composition is used in application associated with semiconductors, engine oils, and other applications where acid resistance is necessary. It is also useful as sealants.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composition cures into parts having good water repellency, oil repellency, heat resistance, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, weather resistance and parting property. It also has improved acid resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Curable fluoropolyether rubber composition comprises :    (A) a straight-chain fluoropolyether compound having at least two alkenyl groups in a molecule and a perfluoropolyether structure in the backbone;    (B) an organosilicon compound having in a molecule at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms, which all form H-SiCH2- structures; and    (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst.
NOVELTY - Process comprises arranging an inductive coupling electrode (2) with a power applying means (9) and a grounding means (10) in a film forming chamber (1), then applying an amplitude-modulated high frequency (hf) power to the feeding means to generate a plasma to form a thin film on a substrate (7) facing the inductive coupling electrode.    USE - Used for the formation of a thin film for the fabrication of a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process gives thin films of good uniform thickness over a large substrate. The apparatus has a high throughput ratio to the apparatus installation area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a thin film forming apparatus comprising a film forming chamber housing an inductive coupling electrode, a hf power source and a waveform generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a thin film apparatus as described above.    Film forming chamber (1)    Coupling electrode (2)    Gas inlet (5)    Exhaust port (6)    substrate (7)    Substrate heater(9) Feeding part (8)    Grounding part (10)
NOVELTY - Process for coating and/or treating a surface (32) of a substrate (30) comprises bombarding the surface with a gas containing particles which form layers. The gas is divided into partial streams which are adjusted with respect to their particle concentration and/or dwell time on the surface and/or directly in the area of the surface of the substrate so that the same amount of particles are deposited and/or react per surface unit per time unit.    USE - Used in the production of semiconductor elements such as thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process can be used on the large scale.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for carrying out the coating and/or treating process.    Preferred Features: The dwell time is adjusted by relative movement between the surface and the sources (76). The sources are directed onto the surface. The partial streams vertically hit the surface and are released via several sources onto the surfaces, between which sinks (62) for the gas used to bombard the surface are located.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the apparatus used for coating and/or treating a substrate surface.    substrate (30)    surface (32)    sinks (62)    sources (76)
NOVELTY - Production of photovoltaic solar modules in a vacuum chamber (1) comprises vaporizing thin layers of materials between a carrier material (5) and a transparent cover which react together in a photovoltaic manner and are arranged in selective surfaces so that they are electrically connected in rows or in parallel.    USE - Used as a solar module.    ADVANTAGE - The thickness of the thin layer can be varied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The materials which react in a photovoltaic manner are Mo, Cu, Cu alloy, Ga or In. These materials are applied in the vacuum chamber, in which a horizontal transport system (7) for the carrier material and the cover is integrated via a mask (8). The materials are heated using a heat source (6).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the vacuum chamber.    vacuum chamber (1)    carrier material (5)    heat source (6)    horizontal transport system (7)    mask (8)
NOVELTY - Cell voltage monitor (2) for a fuel cell stack comprises a rectifier in series with a heating resistor, and a sensing thermistor electrically isolated from and in thermal communication with the heating resistor.    USE - The invention is used for monitoring the voltage of fuel cells in a fuel cell stack for detecting and preventing voltage reversal conditions in fuel cells. Fuel cells are used as power supplied in various applications, e.g. automobiles and stationary power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The device provides for voltage detection values and response times that allow for normal stack operation without falsely alarming of voltage reversal, while still providing adequate warning of voltage reversal in abnormal operation situations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for detecting a low voltage in fuel cell in a fuel cell stack, which comprises connecting a heating resistor and a rectifier in series across the fuel cell, where the polarity of the rectifier is such that the current is prevented from flowing through the rectifier when the fuel cell is in voltage reversal; positioning a sensing thermistor in thermal communication with and electrically isolated from the heating resistor such that the sensing thermistor is heated when current flows through the heating resistor; and obtaining a signal indicative of the resistance of the sensing thermistor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a solid polymer fuel cell stack in which each pair of cells is equipped with a thermistor-based voltage monitor.    Cell voltage monitor (2)
NOVELTY - Applying a coating comprising a metal or an alloy and one or more lithium-containing spinels on a substrate comprises applying the coating galvanically or by electrolessly plating from an aqueous solution of one or more soluble ionic compounds of the metal or alloy and a dispersion of the lithium-containing spinel(s) containing a tenside.    USE - Used for lithium batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The metallized surface is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) the production of an active cathode composition comprising forming a mixture of 55-75 wt.% of one or more lithium-containing spinels with 25-35 wt.% highly conductive carbon black and 5-10 wt.% of an organic binder, adding an aprotic polar solvent to form a paste, rolling the paste formed into a thin film of 300-500 microns thick, and drying for 20-24 hours at 50-70 degrees Celsius;    (b) the production of a thin layer composite cathode using the active cathode composition;    (c) the production of an active anode composition comprising forming a mixture of 90-95 wt.% graphite and 5-10 wt.% of an organic binder, adding an aprotic polar solvent to form a paste, rolling the paste formed into a thin film of 300-500 microns thick, and drying for 20-24 hours at 50-70 degrees Celsius; and    (d) a device for carrying out the process comprising two rollers (13) arranged in a galvanizing station or a station for electrolessly plating (7) to convey the material (10) having an elliptical cross-section to rhythmically expand the material in the conveying direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device for carrying out the process.    Station for galvanizing or electrolessly plating (7)    Material (10)    Rollers (13)
NOVELTY - A silicon solar cell comprises an intrinsic monocrystalline silicon chip having n+ doped regions and p+ doped regions provided in one of its two major opposing surfaces. A doped peripheral region, which functions as a passivation layer, is provided around the periphery of the chip and extends from one major surface to the other major surface of the chip.    USE - Converting radiant energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell includes the peripheral region that can reduce recombination of photogenerated carriers avoiding the associated current loss and increasing the efficiency of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silicon solar cell comprises an intrinsic monocrystalline silicon chip (10) having two opposing major surfaces. The silicon chip has n+ doped regions (14) and p+ doped regions (12) provided in one of its major surfaces. A doped peripheral region (16) is provided around the periphery of the silicon chip and extends from one major surface to the other major surface of the chip. The peripheral region functions as a passivation layer for repelling carriers and reducing recombination of carriers.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for batch fabrication of the silicon cell. The process involves providing a monocrystalline silicon substrate and forming a repeating pattern of cell regions in the substrate. Each cell region is separated from adjacent cell regions by streets along which the cell regions are separated to provide individual cells. A peripheral doped region is formed in the streets and the cells are then separated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the silicon solar cell.    Intrinsic monocrystalline silicon chip (10)    P+ doped regions (12)    N+ doped regions (14)    Doped peripheral region (16)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor p-n heterojunction comprises an indium gallium arsenide nitride layer (12) with n-type doping, at least in part, in contact with a gallium arsenide layer (14) with p-type doping.    USE - For use in forming photodetector for use in multi-junction solar cell or for detecting light at energy greater than 0.95-1.2 eV (i.e., at wavelengths below 1-1.3 mum).    ADVANTAGE - The invention can be used to form an efficient 0.95-1.2 eV bandgap photodetector for use in a multifunction solar cell. It overcomes the limitation of a very low or negligible electron diffusion that occurs in homojunctions and heterojunctions formed in part from p-type InGaAsN. It provides an increase in open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current as compared to homojunctions and heterojunctions formed in part from p-type InGaAsN.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photodetector, comprising the above semiconductor p-n heterojunction; and electrical contacts formed above and below the semiconductor p-n heterojunction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor p-n heterojunction.    Indium gallium arsenide nitride layer (12)    Gallium arsenide layer (14)    Substrate (16)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage tank has multiple hydrogen storage units (7) and an outer hydrogen occlusion release surface (6). A heat exchanger (8) with a hot fluid passage (16) in a hollow case (15), is installed between adjoining phases of hydrogen storage units. The inner surface of the coolant passage is coated with a layer of catalyst (19) to accelerate the combustion reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.    USE - For occluding and releasing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Rapid release of hydrogen is achieved. Improved hydrogen occlusion efficiency with increased hydrogen occlusion per unit volume is achieved. Increase and decrease of quantity of hydrogen occlusion of the whole apparatus are simplified due to the presence of a catalyst layer coated on the inner surface of the heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vertical front view of the hydrogen storage tank.    Outer hydrogen occlusion release surface (6)    Hydrogen storage unit (7)    Heat exchanger (8)    Hollow case (15)    Hot fluid passage (16)    Catalyst layer (19)
NOVELTY - A reactor has a space (18) loaded with a three-dimensional network structured heat transfer promotion medium (20), with voids (22) filled with catalyst particles (24).    USE - For the production of a reactor accompanied by heat absorption and exothermic reaction hydrogen for industrial use and fuel hydrogen for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a favorable catalytic reactor with heat transfer efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded view of the catalytic reactor with a heat transfer promotion medium.    Space (18)    Heat transfer promotion medium (20)    Void (22)    Catalyst particle (24)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for carbon monoxide shift reactions comprises noble metals supported by a support which contains rutile-type titanium, zirconia and/or ceria.    USE - For carbon monoxide shift reactions, for use in exhaust gas purification of fuel cells for motor vehicles, and internal combustion engines.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst, even in a low-temperature region, can perform conversion to hydrogen (H2) from carbon monoxide (CO) with high efficiency in theory of equilibrium. The catalyst enables very high carbon monoxide shift reaction activity and space velocity which can convert CO into H2 with high efficiency even in high reaction condition. The grain growth of the catalyst metal exposed to high-temperature atmosphere, is effectively inhibited. Hence, removal of CO in the fuel reformation system of an internal modification-type fuel cell, is easy. Exhaust gas purification system reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) which converted CO in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine into H2, utilized the catalyst for efficiently occluding H2.
NOVELTY - The exhaust gas from fuel cell (34) and hot water from tank (42) are supplied to heat exchanger (50) which performs condensation of supplied water. The condensed water from heat exchanger is stored in condensed tank (51).    USE - Combined system of fuel cell and hot water supply apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Thermal efficiency and resources usage efficiency are increased, when fuel cell and hot water supply apparatus are operated in combined systems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the combined system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (34)    Tank (42)    Heat exchanger (50)    Condensed tank (51)
NOVELTY - The corrosion-resistant ceramic coating member (1) has a ceramic layer (I), formed on a metal base material for preventing metal reaction. A ceramic layer (II) is formed on ceramic layer (I) for preventing penetration of external corrosion product. A metal intermediate layer (4) is formed between the base material and the ceramic layers for improving adhesion.    USE - For use in fast breed reactor, gas turbine, compressor, light water reactor, fuel cell, chemical substance manufacturing apparatus and boiler.    ADVANTAGE - The ceramic coating member has excellent corrosion resistance, with respect to corrosive gas or liquid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) corrosion-resistant ceramic coating member manufacturing method; and    (b) component comprising corrosion-resistant ceramic coating member.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows composition of corrosion-resistant ceramic coating member. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Corrosion-resistant ceramic coating member (1)    Intermediate layer (4)
NOVELTY - A transparent plastic film (6) is laminated on a flexible plate glass (4), which is used as the rear plate of solar battery module.    USE - Double sided irradiation type solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Reliability of solar battery module is improved, as moisture resistant is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of solar battery.    flexible plate glass (4)    plastic film (6)
NOVELTY - The alkoxide solution containing indium/tin oxide is adhered onto substrate (8) in form of droplets. A transparent convex-shaped portion (9) is formed by performing heat processing and hydration of adhered droplets. A transparent conductive coating layer containing indium/tin oxide is formed covering the substrate and convex-shaped portion by performing physical vapor deposition.    USE - Transparent electrical conductive film used in electrode of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - As concavo-convex structure can be formed on substrate, a high transmittance in low temperature region below 150degreesC is obtained in low resistance. Obtains big short circuit current. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, remarkably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for transparent electrical conductive film manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of transparent electrical conductive film.    Substrate (8)    Convex-shaped portion (9)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer (4) formed on a substrate (11) carries pigment particle which conducts electric charge to a conductive layer (2) when an electron is excited by photoirradiation. A support substrate (1) is formed on the conductive layer. The substrate (11) is then removed. A counter electrode (5) supports an electric charge carrying layer (3).    USE - For manufacturing pigment sensitizing type solar battery used in portable equipment (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Pigment sensitizing solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and flexibility is manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) pigment sensitizing type solar battery;    (b) portable equipment    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the manufacture of pigment sensitizing solar battery.    substrates (1,11)    conductive layer (2)    electric charge carrying layer (3)    semiconductor layer (4)    counter electrode (5)
NOVELTY - Wire electrode of 0.05 mm or 1 mm diameter is arranged in a discharge gap formed on surface of semiconductor device. Voltage pulse is applied intermittently on electrode to remove a part of semiconductor device.    USE - E.g. for thin film solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces processing time, by carrying out discharge removal using long wire electrode. Avoids photo degradation or reduction in electrical resistance of semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the explanatory view of electrical discharge processing, showing supply of reactive gas in discharge gap.
NOVELTY - The optical charging-type battery comprises a dry cell-type secondary battery (1) whose periphery is enclosed with diaphragm-type solar battery (2). The secondary battery is charged by the current produced by the solar battery.    USE - For use in electrical equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The battery can be effectively charged by electricity generated from solar battery, hence no separate electrical power unit is required for charging the battery. A self supporting secondary battery is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of optical charging-type battery.    Secondary battery (1)    Solar battery (2)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrically conducting film is made up of preset amount of indium, tin, zinc and oxygen atoms. The density of Sn atom in the total atomic density of In and Sn ranges from 0.01-0.1. The density of Zn atom in the total atomic density of In and Zn ranges from 0.01-0.1.    USE - For electrode of thin film solar battery, analog system touch panel, display device.    ADVANTAGE - Since thermal electrically conducting film is formed at low temperature, good high resistant and high control on transmittance are obtained. High resistance value is obtained by including In-Sn-Zn-O for forming conducting film at low temperature condition by DC magnetron sputtering process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transparent electrically conducting film is formed on a polymeric board. The ratio of density of Zn atom to the total atomic density of Sn and Zn in the transparent electrically conducting film ranges from 0.30-0.55. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of electroconductive laminate.
NOVELTY - A liquid fuel cell comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a permeable partition membrane, an electrolyte solution, and an oxygen source. The negative electrode is made of an unfluorinated or fluorinated hydrogen absorbing alloy. The electrolyte solution is an aqueous solution containing alkaline compound and substance capable of generating negative hydrogen ions.    USE - For use in electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive liquid fuel cell is capable of generating electricity with high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A liquid fuel cell comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode counterposed to the negative electrode to keep a space in between, a permeable membrane (3) to partition the space between the negative and positive electrodes, an electrolyte solution (6) in contact with the negative electrode, and an oxygen source in contact with the positive electrode. The negative electrode serves as a hydrogen electrode (2), and the positive electrode serves as an oxygen electrode (1). The negative electrode is made of an unfluorinated or fluorinated hydrogen absorbing alloy before or after hydrogenation. The electrolyte solution serves as a fuel source, and is an aqueous solution containing alkaline compound and substance capable of generating negative hydrogen ions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the liquid fuel cell.    Oxygen electrode (1)    Hydrogen electrode (2)    Permeable membrane (3)    Electrolyte solution (6)
NOVELTY - The process involves introducing a gas containing silicon compound(s) and hydrogen into a discharge space containing at least a pair of electrodes connected to an RF power source. The product of the film forming pressure and preset electrode distance, and hydrogen flow rate are set to preset value. RF power is applied to generate a plasma and to form a polycrystal silicon thin film on the substrate.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A uniform thin film is formed efficiently over a large area. Conversion efficiency and film forming rate are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process involves employing a surface of a substrate (201) as one electrode and disposing the surface of the substrate in a distance d (cm) apart from another electrode (206) in the discharge space. The product Pd of a film forming pressure P (Pa) and d, and hydrogen flow rate M (SLM) are set to satisfy the relation:    80M+200 at most Pd at most 160M + 333.    The product Pd and flow rate L (SLM) of the gas mixture are set to satisfy the relation:    67L + 200 at most Pd at most 147L + 333.    The distance d lies in a range of 0.5-3 cm. The hydrogen flow rate M ranges from 500-10,000 sccm. The flow rate of gas containing one or more silicon compounds ranges from 10-1,000 sccm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of the thin film forming apparatus.    Substrate (201)    Electrode (206)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell arrangement comprises devices (9, 10) for producing hydrogen and a fuel cell (15) for producing electrical energy by bombarding the anode side of the cell with the hydrogen produced and the cathode side with oxygen and/or air. The devices for producing hydrogen have means for chemically converting dimethylether into hydrogen.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion problems are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a fuel cell arrangement.    Preferred Features: The devices for producing hydrogen steam reform and/or partially oxidize the dimethylether. The arrangement further comprises a fuel cell coolant circulation (30, 31, 32) by which the dimethylether used is vaporized before being converted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the fuel cell arrangement. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Devices for producing hydrogen (9, 10)    Fuel cell (15)    Fuel cell coolant circulation (30, 31, 32)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor arrangement comprises a polycrystalline silicon layer (160) formed by heat treating an amorphous silicon layer (60) in the presence of a metallic catalyst (40) which is distributed point-like in the upper or lower region of the amorphous silicon layer.    USE - Used in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement can be efficiently produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a semiconductor arrangement.    Preferred Features: The polycrystalline silicon layer has no single crystal silicon layers whose electrical conducting types differ on both sides. The polycrystalline silicon layer is formed from intrinsic polycrystalline silicon.
NOVELTY - Process for heat treating flexible strip-like copper indium diselenide solar cells comprises feeding thermal energy to the substrate in a protective gas atmosphere in a narrow limited space by infrared radiation of the non-coated side of the substrate. The space above copper indium diselenide layer of the cells is separately heated.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process parameters can be easily controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a heat treatment furnace for carrying out the process comprising two flat transparent molded parts (3, 4) forming a space for the substrate (1); an inlet for a protective gas; and infrared lamps (7, 8) above and/or below each molded part.    Preferred Features: The copper indium diselenide layer is completely covered with an aluminum strip    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a longitudinal section through the heat treatment furnace.    substrate (1)    molded parts (3, 4)    infrared lamps (7, 8)
NOVELTY - Thin film semiconductor element comprises a substrate and a chalcopyrite layer of the structure CuAB2 doped with silver.    USE - Used in the production of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - An absorber layer can be easily adhered to the rear side of the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The substrate is made from a solid or flexible material. Component A of the chalcopyrite layer is In, Ga, Al or Fe. Component B of the chalcopyrite layer is S, Se or Te.
NOVELTY - Manufacturing an electrochemical cell assembly comprises treating a surface of a stainless steel component, prior to incorporation in the assembly, with an electrical current while being contacted by an electrolyte to reduce the interfacial resistance associated with the surface. The component is exposed to the chemical environment during operation of the cell.    USE - For manufacturing an electrochemical cell assembly, e.g., fuel cell assembly (e.g., PEM fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, direct methanol fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, or solid oxide fuel cell).    ADVANTAGE - The interfacial resistance of the stainless steel is reduced by a factor of at least 5% (preferably at least 40%) compared with the interfacial resistance prevailing prior to treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an electrochemical cell including bipolar plates, separator plates, flow field plates, and/or current collecting plates made of an anodically treated plate of stainless steel having reduced interfacial resistance;    (B) a fuel cell plate formed with fluid flow channels and comprising a treated stainless steel; and    (C) a fuel cell stack comprising:    (i) fuel cell units containing a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) separating the cell into anolyte and catholyte chambers and provided with an anode and a cathode on opposite sides;    (ii) a separator plate, flow field plate or bipolar plate between adjacent cell units;    (iii) current collector comprising a pair of plates located one at each end of the stack;    (iv) mechanism for feeding fuel to the anolyte chambers of the stack; and    (v) a mechanism for feeding an oxygen-containing gas to the catholyte chambers of the stack.
NOVELTY - Polyelectrolyte fuel cell has a gas channel, a proton channel and an electron channel formed in the vicinity of a pole in a catalyst layer to increase a reaction area.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Increased reaction area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polyelectrolyte film, and a pair of electrodes each having a catalyst layer sandwiching the hydrogen ion conductive polyelectrolyte film and a gas diffusion layer in contact with the catalyst layer.    The catalyst layer of at least one electrode contains carbon particles, each supporting a noble-metal catalyst. The carbon particles consist of at least two types of carbon particles being in mutually different dispersion conditions and having a hydrogen ion conductive polyelectrolyte adsorbed thereto.
NOVELTY - A tandem solar cell having semiconductor device(s) is produced by forming a stack of semiconductor layers on a first substrate, singulating the first substrate and stack layers to obtain sub-parts which are attached to a second substrate, and removing the singulated parts of the first substrate from each sub-part.    USE - For producing a tandem solar cell having semiconductor device(s).    ADVANTAGE - The method provides improve high frequency devices having semiconductor element(s) interconnected to a passive circuitry. It provides integration of ultra-thin semiconductor devices with passive circuitry in a low-cost substrate with good dielectric properties. It provides less expensive, good growth substrate with high performance active microwave circuit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a tandem solar cells having semiconductor device(s) involves forming a stack of semiconductor layers on a first substrate, singulating the first substrate and stack layers to obtain sub-parts, and removing the singulated parts of the first substrate from each sub-part. The remainder sub-part forms the semiconductor device in a second substrate. Contact is made between the second substrate and the stack layers. The sub-parts are attached to the second substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is showed the method of embedding an active device in an interconnect technology.    Capacitors (10-11)    Resistors (14)    Interconnects (17-19)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises: a substrate (14); channels (50A, 50B) for admitting fuel and oxidant into respective channels; a membrane with sides and separating the channels; two electrodes on respective sides of the membrane; a catalyst (28) connected with the membrane sides and the electrodes; and a cover made of a gas impermeable material which forms a seal with the membrane.    USE - The fuel cell is used in producing power chip.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is small, lighter, and faster (to refuel/recharge) as electrical energy source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a power chip comprising a monolithic substrate, an array of fuel cells electrically interconnected to form the power chip, manifolds enclosing the array to distribute fuel and oxidant to the power cells, and power terminals;    (B) a power disc and power stack; and    (C) methods of forming fuel cell, a power device, and a power stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a simplified schematic cross-sectional view of the fuel cell.    Substrate (14)    Contacts (16A, 16B)    Catalyst (28)    Channels (50A, 50B)
NOVELTY - A solar cell made of titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor where the titanium dioxide is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and the titanium dioxide semiconductor and at least one of the paired electrodes serve as a rectifying barrier.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Wet-type dye-sensitization solar cell have an electrolyte such as an iodine solution, and therefore the electrolyte must be sealed in the solar cell with a sealant, involving drawbacks such as electrolyte leak when the sealing ruptures. Further if merely a titanium sheet is used, the sunlight absorption area is small, failing to ensure a practical current and voltage.
NOVELTY - A multi-stage preferential oxidation (PROX) reactor includes a flow-control element which pulsates flow of product-gas stream into the PROX reactor stage. A second inlet introduces an oxidant to the PROX reactor stage. An outlet removes the treated product-gas stream from the PROX reactor stage.    USE - The PROX reactor is used to provide CO free fuel-gas for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor consumes a minimized amount of hydrogen by the side reaction, and minimizes the quantity of unoxidized CO.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A PROX reactor for removing carbon-monoxide (CO) from a product-gas comprises PROX reactor stage(s) having a product-gas stream inlet end and a product-gas stream outlet end. A first inlet introduces the product-gas stream to the PROX reactor stage, and is located at the product-gas stream inlet end of the PROX reactor. A flow-control element pulsates the flow of the product-gas stream into the PROX reactor stage. A second inlet introduces an oxidant to the PROX reactor stage, and is located at the product-gas stream inlet of the oxidizer PROX reactor stage. An outlet removes the treated product-gas stream from the PROX reactor stage, and is located at the outlet end of the reactor.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a PROX reactor comprising introducing a product-gas into the reactor, introducing an oxidant into the reactor, pulsing the flow of the product gas, and removing the treated product-gas from the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagrammatic representation of the simple single-stage PROX reactor.
NOVELTY - An electrode layer (3), photoelectric conversion devices (4,6) and other electrode layer (7) are stacked on a support substrate (2) sequentially. An intermediate layer (5) having an uneven surface, is sandwiched between the photoelectric conversion devices.    USE - Multi-junction solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The film quality of the photoelectric conversion device and the uneven surface configuration of the multi-junction solar cell are optimized. Hence photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the multi-junction solar cell.    Support substrate (2)    Electrode layers (3,7)    Photoelectric conversion devices (4,6)    Intermediate layer (5)
NOVELTY - Helium and air are circulated around the periphery of a fuel cell (2) through respective inlet paths (3,5). A detection probe (6) detects the amount of helium leaking from a permeable film (1) laminated on the cell.    USE - For detecting defects in the permeable film of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The existence of defects in the permeable film is detected precisely within a short period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a helium leakage detector. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Permeable film (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Inlet paths (3,5)    Detection probe (6)
NOVELTY - Heating-cooling unit (30) is connected to hydrogen occlusion tank through couplings (15,21) to heat until internal pressure of hydrogen alloy tank is higher than atmospheric pressure. A switching valve (23) and an ejection valve (25) are located in the packed tube (22) to remove the gas in the tube by tank internal pressure. Then hydrogen is filled in the tank.    USE - For filling hydrogen in hydrogen occlusion alloy tank.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents mixing of air with hydrogen kept in the hydrogen occlusion alloy tank, as hydrogen is filled after removal of gas in the tube using internal pressure of tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen filling method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of outline of hydrogen filling apparatus. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    connecting couplings (15,21)    packed tube (22)    switching valve (23)    ejection valve (25)    heating-cooling unit (30)
NOVELTY - A carbonaceous material is made to form within a closed system (interrupted with air or atmosphere) and the formed material is pre-treated so as to enable the occlusion of hydrogen. The pre-treatment is performed in the presence of inactive gases such as nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon, or in the presence of reducing gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrous oxide, or ammonia.    USE - As fuel- or energy sources.    ADVANTAGE - The material can occlude a large amount of hydrogen repeatedly and is lightweight. The carbonaceous material is safe and the production or use of the material does not cause environmental problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen occlusion carbonaceous material manufacturing system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen occlusion carbonaceous material manufacturing system.    Arc discharge chamber (1)    Hydrogen occlusion chamber (2)    Carbonaceous material conveyance chamber (3)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon and water vapor are supplied to an upstream side catalyst layer, and the hydrocarbon is modified and supplied to a downstream side catalyst layer which contains nickel. The upstream side catalyst layer contains a ruthenium component at least provided on an alumina support.    USE - For fuel cells used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The water vapor modification of industrially useful hydrocarbon is carried out easily and efficiently with a minimum amount of carbon precipitate using a high activity and durable catalyst. The amount of modification catalyst used is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The upstream side catalyst layer contains 90-50 vol.% of the total catalyst amount and the downstream side catalyst layer contains 10-50 vol.% of the total catalyst amount.
NOVELTY - A radiator (4) cools a fuel cell (1) performing chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to generate electric power, by using heat carrier. The radiator is cooled by the water vapor which is generated in the chemical reaction.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Cooling property of radiator is improved. Size is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Radiator (4)
NOVELTY - A reformer (30) generates reformed gas containing hydrogen. Air and reformed gas are supplied to fuel cell housing (10) to generate electricity. Exhaust gas of the fuel cell housing is recirculated in gas flow path (40).    USE - Fuel cell system provided with reformer.    ADVANTAGE - As the waste heat of reformer is recovered, temperature conditions of reformer or fuel cell housing are adequately maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell housing (10)    Reformer (30)    Gas flow path (40)
NOVELTY - An ethylene copolymer resin composition (I) comprises (A) 100 parts by weight ethylene/(meth)acrylic acid copolymer or its ionomer , (B) 0.05-5 parts UV-light absorber composed of benzotriazole(s) or triazole(s), (C) 0.05-5 parts lower molecular weight hindered amine light stabilizer, (D) 0.05-5 parts higher molecular weight hindered amine light stabilizer and (E) 0.01-5 parts hindered phenol antioxidant.    USE - (I) is useful as sealant for solar cell and material for preparation of exterior trim parts (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (I) has good moldability, transparency, mechanical strength, light resistance and chemical resistance.
NOVELTY - A resin composition comprises (A) polyimide having specific repeating unit and (B) polyester carbonate having specific repeating unit in a weight ratio of 0.05:99.95 - 99.95:0.05.    USE - The composition is used for moldings, e.g. a flexible solar battery base, a flexible printing board, a liquid crystal alignment film, an optical base material, an optical element and a thermo resistant adhesives.    ADVANTAGE - The composition has good thermo resistance, moisture absorbing and water-absorbing characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A resin composition comprises (A) a polyimide having repeating unit of formula (I) and (B) a polyester carbonate having repeating unit of formula (II) in a weight ratio of 0.05:99.95 - 99.95:0.05    Ar = 6-15C aromatic;    R1 = 2-30C aliphatic or 4-30C alicyclic, preferably one of formulae (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or (f);    R2 = 6-18C aromatic, preferably, one of formulae (g), (h), (i), (j) or (k);    R3 - R10 = H, halo, alkyl, aralky or aryl;    W, X = alkylidene, alkylene, cycloalkylidene, cycloalkylene, O, S, sulfoxide or sulfone;    u, v = 0 or 1; and    100a/(a+b) = 0.05-99.95.
NOVELTY - CuIn or CuInGa reaction layer are formed on a copper board (11) by a melting process. Mixture of molten selenium and molten sulfur is formed on CuInGa layer, to form a chalcopyrite layer (13).    USE - For manufacturing chalcopyrite group solar battery used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies the solar battery manufacture by using fewer number of devices and process, thus cost and time for manufacturing are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of structure of chalcopyrite group solar battery.    Copper group board (11)    Chalcopyrite layer (13)
NOVELTY - New (amorphous silicon) solar cell comprises a base of a flexible polymer film which satisfies at least two of the following requirements: (1) water absorption is up to 2.0 %; (2) damp permeation is up to 10 g/m3.24hr and oxygen permeation is up to 30 cm3/m2.24hr.atm.    USE - The solar cell is used for solar-electric power generators.    ADVANTAGE - The new solar cells are in a thin film form, providing stable output.
NOVELTY - Positive voltage, negative voltage and floating potential with respect to voltage supplied to the plasma source, are supplied continuously to the substrate support stand and/or substrate arranged inside the plasma forming apparatus, after supplying raw material containing silicon to the plasma forming apparatus, for forming silicon thin film onto the substrate.    USE - For manufacturing silicon thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves thin film formation efficiency and productivity of the solar battery, as the film formation process is performed continuously by continuous voltage switching without need for using expensive components and need for film forming chamber and substrate conveying mechanism.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the diagram explaining change of film quality corresponding to applied voltage. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A photoelectric transducer comprises oxide semi-conductor particles sensitized with an azo pigment of a specific formula.    USE - Used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The transducer has good transforming efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric transducer comprises oxide semi-conductor particles sensitized with an azo pigment of formula (1).    Ar1 = aromatic group substituted via a crosslinking group by carboxylic acid group, OH, phosphoric acid group, and phosphate;    Ar2 = an aromatic group substituted by at least one electron donating group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery using the transducer.
NOVELTY - Manufacture comprises: (a) optionally providing a diffusion barrier layer over a temporary substrate; (b) applying a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and a photovoltaic layer (PV); (c) providing a groove (1) through the PV layer and optionally the TCO; (d) applying a back electrode onto the PV layer and in the groove; (e) optionally providing a groove (2) in the back electrode inside groove (1) down to the substrate; (f) applying a non-conductive material to the grooves optionally with the application of a permanent substrate; (g) removing the temporary substrate; (h) providing a groove (3) from the TCO side through the TCO and through the PV layer outside the groove (1); (i) establishing a conductive connection between the TCO on the groove side where the TCO and the back electrode are not interconnected and the back electrode on the opposite side of the groove; and (j) applying an insulating material in groove (3) and over the top of the thin film solar cell sheet .    USE - Flexible thin film solar cell sheet manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a thin film solar cell sheet comprising a number of cells, each including a TCO layer superposed by a PV layer superposed by a back electrode. The TCO and the PV layers each possess a scribe. In the TCO layer, this is filled with an electrically insulating encapsulant. In the PV layer, this is partly filled with the back electrode and partly filled with an electrically insulating permanent carrier. No two adjacent back electrodes are in contact with one another.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the solar cell as produced by the above process.
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic device comprises a supporting substrate, a first electrode formed on the supporting substrate, a semiconductor layer including a photovoltaic layer and formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the semiconductor layer. The photoactive layer is a microcrystalline silicon germanium layer.    USE - For use as a photovoltaic device.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a germanium composition ratio of 20-40 at.%, a signal intensity of a germanium-to-germanium bond of 30-60% of a signal intensity of a silicon-to-silicon bond observed by the Raman spectroscopy, a signal intensity of a silicon-to-germanium bond between the above two signal intensities, and a thickness of the photoactive layer of at most 1 micron. It also provides good conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the photovoltaic device.
NOVELTY - A turbo compression apparatus is provided to replace the electro-motive motor for air-supplying by the apparatus using high-pressure hydrogen gas to drive the air-supplying device in order to save production cost of fuel cell and to automatically control the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus is attached to the hydrogen fuel cell. The fuel cell comprises a storage tank(10) and an electric device(20), a hydrogen providing conduit(12), a driving turbine(1) attached to the conduit(12), an air supplying pipe(14), a compression fan(3) equipped to the pipe(14), a bearing(2) supporting the turbine(1) and the fan(3). The conduit(12) is connected to anode part(22) while the pipe(14) is jointed to cathode part(24) of the electric device(20) through the fan(3). The electro-motive motor(30) is connected to the device(20) by electric lines(31, 32). The electric device(20) generates electricity by the chemical reaction between H2 and O2 and provides the generated electricity to the motor(30) through the line(31).
NOVELTY - Aqueous ethanol solution formed by mixing ethanol and water in molar ratio of 1:6, is vaporized. Ethanol vapors are mixed with hot hydrocarbon gas in a molar ratio of 1:8, and the resulting gaseous mixture is subjected to water vapor modification in the presence of a modification catalyst and hydrogen-rich reformed gas is obtained.    USE - For reforming fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables the effective use of aqueous ethanol solution obtained from the fermentation of biomass. The method enables formation of reformed gas having high overall efficiency and high concentration of hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel reformer.(Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A honeycomb copper-zinc group carbon monoxide conversion catalyst is obtained by forming a precipitate by mixing a mixed solution of copper formate and zinc formate, and an aqueous solution of an alkali substance, followed by baking obtained precipitate.    USE - For a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The honeycomb carbon monoxide conversion catalyst has high activity than granular copper-zinc carbon monoxide conversion catalyst. Size reduction of carbon monoxide converter and reduction of pressure loss are attained by using catalyst for the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a copper-zinc group carbon monoxide conversion catalyst.
NOVELTY - The apparatus (10) has several rollers to convey a strip-shaped sheet (20). A straightening roller corrects the offset to lower portion of the sheet and changes its travelling direction. The roller axis (56a) is inclined so as to separate the side of the sheet (Wi) which is entering from that of the sheet (Wo) which is remote from the roller.    USE - For performing surface treatment such as forming a metal film, a ceramic film and an organic film on the surface of strip-shaped sheets such as plastic film, metallic foil, non-woven fabric, woven knitted goods. Also, for forming films for solar battery, infrared prevention and ultraviolet rays prevention.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents offset to lower portion of sheet regardless of the travelling direction of the strip-shaped sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of surface treatment apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Apparatus (10)    Strip-shaped sheet (20)    Roller axis (56a)    Sheets (Wi, Wo)
NOVELTY - Hybrid electrical power generating device comprises superconductive battery (4) which is charged by solar battery (1) and fuel cell (2) that generate electrical power, and hydrogen supply apparatus which supplies hydrogen fuel, for cooling solar battery, fuel cell and superconductive battery. The fuel cell is arranged in the lower part of the solar battery panel.    USE - For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Highly efficient and non-polluting electricity generation process is achieved. Effective usage of the lower space of the solar battery panel is attained, and thus the whole hybrid electrical power generation device is made compact. Both electricity generation and cooling of the solar battery, superconductive battery and fuel cell can be efficiently carried out.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hybrid electrical power generation device.    Solar battery (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Superconductive battery (4)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a gas production device for catalysis of a water vapor/fuel mixture and/or for the partial oxidation of an oxygen/fuel mixture to produce a hydrogen-rich medium, and a gas purification stage for removing carbon monoxide from the product gas of the gas production device with the aid of selective CO oxidation. The main flow path (1) of the medium (7) is split over the length into a first and a second parallel flow path (3, 2) and combining again. A flow deviating device (4) is provided in the first flow path to free or block the first flow path depending on temperature.    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The system has improved cold start properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Operation: At temperatures below the prescribed temperature the first flow path is blocked and the second flow path is released and at temperatures of at least the prescribed temperature the first flow path is released.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell system at low temperatures.    Main flow path (1)    Second flow path (2)    First flow path (3)    Flow deviating device (4)
NOVELTY - Crosslinked sulfonic fluorinated ionomers comprise monomeric units derived from fluorinated monomers containing ethylene unsaturation, and fluorinated monomeric units containing sulfonyl groups at an amount which provides an equivalent weight of 380-1300 g/eq to the ionomers.    USE - For use in forming membranes for electrolytic applications e.g. for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive crosslinked sulfonic fluorinated ionomers are capable of maintaining high degree of hydration, both at room temperature and at high temperature (up to 120-180 degrees C), without substantially compromising the physical integrity of the membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Crosslinked sulfonic fluorinated ionomers comprise:    (A) monomeric units derived from fluorinated monomers containing ethylene unsaturation; and    (B) fluorinated monomeric units containing sulfonyl groups -SO2F. The fluorinated is present at an amount, which provides an equivalent weight of 380-1300 g/eq to the ionomers.    The -SO2F groups do not involve during crosslinking.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for membranes obtained from the inventive crosslinked sulfonic fluorinated ionomers.
NOVELTY - Paste comprises conductive aluminum powder having an average particle diameter of 2-10 microns and an oxide surface layer of thickness 2-10 nm in an organic vehicle.    USE - Back electrodes of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high efficiency with reduced size and costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell (1) comprising a silicon substrate (2) with a light accepting surface, a light accepting surface electrode (3) on one side of substrate and a back electrode (5)formed from the conductive paste on the other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a section of a silicon solar cell with a back electrode formed from the paste described above.    Solar cell (1)    Silicon wafer (2)    Light accepting surface electrode (3)    Antireflective coating (4)    Back surface electrode (5)
NOVELTY - Aluminoborosilicate glass contains (in weight %): more than 58-65 SiO2, more than 6-10.5 B2O3, more than 14-25 Al2O3, 0- less than 3 MgO, 0-9 CaO, 0.1-1.5 SrO, more than 5-8.5 BaO, not more than 8.6 SrO + BaO, 8-18 MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO and 0- less than 2 ZnO. The glass has a thermal expansion coefficient alpha20/300 of 2.8 x 10 Power (-6) /K to 3.8 x 10 Power (-6) /K.    USE - Used as substrate glass in displays and in a thin layer photovoltaic cell (claimed), especially for liquid crystal displays, TFT displays and thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The glass has good devitrification stability and is alkali-free.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device comprises an electrically conductive support (10, 10a); a photosensitive layer (20) containing a dye-sensitized semiconductor; a positive hole-transporting layer (30) prepared by electrolysis; and a counter electrode (40, 40a).    USE - For a photo cell that is useful as a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive photoelectric conversion device has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency, a high short-circuit current, a low shortage ratio, and excellent durability. It is less susceptible to deterioration of characteristics with time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing the above photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a partial cross-section showing the basic structure of a photoelectric conversion device.    Support (10, 10a)    Photosensitive layer (20)    Dye (22)    Positive hole-transporting layer (30)    Counter electrode (40, 40a)    Undercoat (60)
NOVELTY - An etching mixture contains hydrofluoric acid and mineral acids selected from nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.    USE - Used in the production of structured surfaces on multi-crystalline, tri-crystalline and mono-crystalline silicon surfaces of solar cells or on silicon substrates used in photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - A high etching rate is produced in a short process time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of structured surfaces on multi-crystalline, tri-crystalline and mono-crystalline silicon surfaces of solar cells or on silicon substrates used in photovoltaic cells comprising contacting the above etching mixture with the whole surface by spraying, dipping or by capillary or meniscus coating to produce isotropic etching; and washing off the etching mixture.    Preferred Features: The etching mixture additionally contains an oxidant selected from hydrogen peroxide, ammonium peroxide sulfate and perchloric acid.
NOVELTY - An electric energy generating element has a number of cells comprising a hydrogen electrode plate, a proton conducting film and an oxygen electrode plate, and a sheet for covering the cells which exhibits gas permeability and also waterproof property.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The electric energy generating element can supply oxygen in the air to the oxygen electrode with good efficiency, can vaporize and remove the water formed with good efficiency, and has excellent water-proofing capability.
NOVELTY - Solar cell unit comprises in order a back electrode (2), a photovoltaic layer (1), a front electrode (3), and a transparent top layer (4). Removable transparent polymer film(s) is formed on top of the layer (4).    USE - For generation of electricity (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - When using the solar cell unit, transparency of the polymer film present at the top of the unit is decreased by deposition of dirt and damage, during which the top polymer film is removed simply to expose underlying polymer film which is clean and undamaged. The removal process can be repeated as many times as there are removable transparent polymer films available. Labor intensive cleaning of the top layer is not required, and life span of the solar cell unit is extended. Reduction in the yield of solar cell unit is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for generation of electricity using solar cell unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the drawing of solar cell unit.    photovoltaic layer (1)    back electrode (2)    front electrode (3)    transparent top layer (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel electrode layer (12), an electrolyte layer (13) and an air electrode layer (14), are sequentially formed on outer surface of a cylindrical collector (11) to form a cell (1). The methanol (21) in a fuel container (2) is supplied to the inner side of the collector through a fuel feeding pipe (3).    USE - The cell is used as a power supply for portable electronic machines such as mobile telephone and a notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The cell provides a simple mechanism for pressurizing inert gas, so that the fuel is filled in a fuel container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective and sectional views of direct methanol fuel cells.    Fuel cell (1)    Fuel container (2)    Fuel feeding pipe (3)    Cylindrical collector (11)    Fuel electrode layer (12)    Electrolyte layer (13)    Air electrode layer (14)    Methanol (21)
NOVELTY - An air electrode layer (12), an electrolyte layer (13) and a fuel electrode layer (14) are sequentially formed on the surface of the cylindrical cell (1). The methanol (21) in fuel container (2) is supplied to the surface of fuel electrode layer, through a fuel feeding pipe (3).    USE - The fuel cell is used as a power supply for portable electronic machines such as mobile telephone and a notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The cell provides a simple mechanism for pressurizing inert gas, so that fuel is filled in a fuel container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective and sectional views of direct methanol fluid cell.    Cylindrical cell (1)    Fuel container (2)    Fuel feeding pipe (3)    Electrode layer (12)    Electrolyte layer (13)    Fuel electrode layer (14)    Methanol (21)
NOVELTY - The methanol reformer comprises a methanol reforming unit (5) containing electro-conductive catalyst layers (38-42), and produces hydrogen gas by water-vapor reformation reaction of methanol.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas from methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The increase in temperature is achieved without using electric heater. The reformer produces hydrogen gas quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalyzed combustion units (14,15) burn methanol and/or hydrogen gas, and carbon monoxide selective oxidizing units (7,9) oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide by selective oxidation reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of methanol reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Methanol reforming unit (5)    Carbon monoxide selective oxidizing units (7,9)    Catalyzed combustion units (14-15)    Electro-conductive catalyst layers (38-42)
NOVELTY - Forming a polyimide resin film comprises depositing aromatic acid dianhydride and an aromatic diamine in which both amino groups have meta-substituted structure, by evaporation under vacuum on a base material.    USE - The polyimide resin film is suitable as an overcoat film of a base material for optical components, polarizing plates, solar battery base plates, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The polyimide resin film has good transparency, thermal resistance and adhesion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Forming a polyimide resin film comprises depositing aromatic acid dianhydride of formula (1) and an aromatic diamine in which both amino groups have meta-substituted structure of formula (A), by evaporation under vacuum on a base material.    X = other bonding group than H.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the same forming of film of polyimide resin as that defined above except that an aromatic acid dianhydride of formula (2) is used instead of compound (1).
NOVELTY - A transparent oxide electrode (12), diamond-like carbon layer (14), fine crystal p-type semiconductor layer (16), buffer layer (18), amorphous intrinsic-semiconductor layer (20), amorphous n-type semiconductor layer (22) and transparent metal-electrode layer (24) are sequentially formed on the insulating substrate (10).    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The surface of the solar cell is stabilized chemically, thereby offers the solar cell with superior voltage-current characteristic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of solar cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    insulating substrate (10)    transparent oxide electrode (12)    diamond-like carbon layer (14)    fine crystal p-type semiconductor layer (16)    buffer layer (18)    amorphous intrinsic-semiconductor layer (20)    amorphous n-type semiconductor layer (22)    transparent metal-electrode layer (24)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor junction portion is formed in a semiconductor substrate (1). A surface electrode (4) and backside electrode are formed on respective main surface side of the substrate. An ultrathin metal layer is arranged on the substrate and the surface electrode is formed between electroconductive oxide layer. A metal collector pole is formed in the slit provided on the top of surface electrode.    USE - Solar cell element.    ADVANTAGE - The area of surface electrode is reduced, reflection loss of the incident light is reduced, thereby providing highly efficient solar cell element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the solar cell element. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    semiconductor substrate (1)    surface electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive film (10) consists of an electroconductive inorganic compound (4) which is provided on a connection type porous support (1).    USE - Electrode of solar batteries and display device.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive film is flexible, light weight, chemically stable and transparent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the transparent electroconductive film. A coating liquid containing an electroconductive substance is applied on the surface of a connection type porous support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the electroconductive film.    Porous support (1)    Inorganic compound (4)    Electroconductive film (10)
NOVELTY - Heat exchanger is arranged downstream of a gas purification unit and heats purified hydrogen-rich gas, the gas purification unit having a separate cooling unit, or a heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the cooling chamber in the coolant stream of the fuel cell and heats the coolant.    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The system is compact and reliable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system comprises a heat exchanger for preheating a crude fuel/water mixture; a vaporizer unit for producing a gaseous educt gas stream from the mixture; a gas producing unit for producing a hydrogen-rich stream from the educt gas stream; a cooled gas purification unit for selectively removing carbon monoxide from the hydrogen-rich gas; and a fuel cell for converting the hydrogen-rich purified gas. The fuel cell has an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, and a cooling chamber through which coolant flows. A heat exchanger is arranged downstream of a gas purification unit and heats purified hydrogen-rich gas, the gas purification unit having a separate cooling unit, or a heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the cooling chamber in the coolant stream of the fuel cell and heats the coolant. Preferred Features: The system further includes a catalytic unit for preparing thermal energy.
NOVELTY - A plasmatron (10) receives exhaust gas from an engine or a fuel cell. A catalyst (22) is located at a position downstream from the plasmatron so that the catalyst is activated by hydrogen and radicals produced by the plasmatron.    USE - For use with fuel cells, diesel engines or internal combustion engines for generating hydrogen-rich gas to be used for hydrogenation in food processing application, in metallurgy and chemical applications and also for fuel upgrading in vehicular applications.    ADVANTAGE - By providing the active catalyst downstream from the plasmatron, electrical energy consumption in the plasmatron is reduced substantially with increased hydrogen yields and with relatively small CO concentration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of plasmatron catalyst system with several catalyst sections.    Plasmatron (10)    Catalyst (22)
NOVELTY - An extractor (30) extracts hydrogen from mixed gas containing hydrogen, using a hydrogen separation membrane (20). A reducing unit (40) reduces the concentration of harmful components such as carbon monoxide water vapor supplied to a fuel cell (50), without any phase change.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since a hydrogen separation membrane is provided, the concentration of harmful components can be reduced reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing showing the outline of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation membrane (20)    Extractor (30)    Reducing unit (40)    Fuel cell (50)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator (13) receiving steam from a steam generator (9) generates hydrogen by oxidation reaction. The practical and theoretical oxidation reaction conditions in a hydrogen generator are detected and compared to estimate the hydrogen generation condition. Based on the estimation, a controller (27) controls a raw material feed valve (7) and heater (11) of the steam generator to optimize hydrogen generation.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - By controlling the feeding of raw material, and heating of the steam generator, hydrogen is generated efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the modification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Raw material feed valve (7)    Steam generator (9)    Healing (11)    Hydrogen generator (13)    Controller (27)
NOVELTY - The material for hydrogen occlusion contains fibrous carbonaceous material having an aspect-ratio of 100 or less. The carbonaceous material is fullerene, carbon nano fiber, carbon nano tube, carbon soot, nano capsule and carbon fiber.    USE - As hydrogen occlusion material for battery and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The carbonaceous material is made to occlude large amount of hydrogen efficiently and can be repeatedly utilized. The carbonaceous material is light weight and does not pollute environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Manufacture of carbonaceous material for hydrogen occlusion;    (b) A battery;    (c) A fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows drawing of rough composition of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The separator has a base (31) made of a metal. A porous layer (33) which consists of electroconductive particle (32), mutually fused, is formed on the base.    USE - Separator for fuel cell such as solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the porous layer is formed on the base, the contact resistance is reduced and a favorable hydrophilicity is maintained for a long period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a separator.    Base (31)    Electroconductive particle (32)    Porous layer (33)
NOVELTY - An intermediate layer (17) is formed between a transparent electroconductive film (12-2) and a P-type semiconductor layer (13) in an atmosphere of hydrogen. The density of hydrogen is set to 6 vol.% or less. The intermediate layer is formed by plasma CVD.    USE - Thin film solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The open end voltage is reduced by the photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent electroconductive film (12-2)    P-type semiconductor layer (13)    Intermediate layer (17)
NOVELTY - The method involves reacting an aqueous solution of nickel salt and an aqueous solution of reducer containing phosphorus, in the presence of a pH regulator, in a reaction container (1). Nickel-phosphorus alloy particle is precipitated, and the precipitation reaction is advanced using a carboxylic acid or a carboxylate.    USE - For solar battery and magnetic head.    ADVANTAGE - Condensation of particles is prevented. Yield of the nickel-phosphorus powder is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pH regulator is sodium hydroxide. The nickel salt is nickel chloride, and the phosphorus compound is sodium hypophosphite. The carboxylic acid or its salt is acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid and/or their salts. The spherical metal particle has a mean particle diameter of 10 mum or less. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the nickel-phosphorus metal powder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of the manufacture of the nickel-phosphorus powder.    Reaction container (1)
NOVELTY - Frame-like sealant (12) is provided to peripheral end face of the cooling plate. Separators (10,11) are equipped with the frame-like sealant provided with fluororubber coating film (14) for smoothening the peripheral end face.    USE - Cooling plate of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Penetration of phosphoric acid into cooling substrate is prevented reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Seal device;    (b) Cooling plate coating method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of cooling plate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separators (10,11)    Frame-like sealant (12)    Fluororubber coating film (14)
NOVELTY - The amorphous and crystalline photo-voltaic conversion layers (14,17) and the sandwiched N-type and P-type semiconductor layers (13,16 and 15,18) respectively, are sequentially formed by use of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process (PE-CVD) that employs 6N purity hydrogen (99.9999%)-7N purity is not needed. The tandem cell construction package held between the electrodes (12,19), is supported over the substrate (11).    USE - Tandem cell solar battery manufacturing method.    ADVANTAGE - Has higher energy conversion efficiencies while being extremely cost effective since higher purity hydrogen is not used in the production process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system pressure within the CVD-chamber is held at 400 Pa or more, partial pressure of hydrogen being 50 times or more vis-a-vis the partial pressure of gaseous silane compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional outline depicting the tandem cell structure.    Substrate (11)    Electrodes (12,19)    Semiconductor layers (13,,15,16,18)    Amorphous and crystalline photo-voltaic conversion layers (14,17)
NOVELTY - Operating a device for reacting a hydrocarbon fuel with water and air comprises using a reactor having a reaction chamber with an inlet and an outlet and catalyst beds; feeding a first stream comprising a lean mixture of fuel and air through the reactor; reacting the mixture to heat the catalyst beds; feeding a second stream comprising a fuel-rich mixture of fuel, air and vapor through the reactor; and reacting the rich mixture to produce hydrogen.    USE - Used for operating a fuel processor, partial oxidation processes and steam reforming processes.    ADVANTAGE - The formation of carbon in the reactor is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Before introducing the second stream the delivery of the lean mixture is stopped and the reactor rinsed with vapor. The delivery of the second stream further comprises adjusting the amount of fuel and air relative to each other in the first stream and adding vapor to the first stream to form the second stream. The catalyst beds are arranged between the inlet and outlet of the reaction chamber. Air is introduced to the reactor and the first stream is delivered by adding fuel to the air.
NOVELTY - A high temperature cell (30) for synthesis gas production has a chamber (31) with an air inlet (2) and a chamber (33) with a synthesis gas outlet (4), with an ion- and electron-conductive ITM ceramic separator wall (12) for oxidizing the fuel feed to chamber (33) with O2 separated from the air so as to yield synthesis gas. There is an additional chamber (32) which has an additional separator wall (131) and also an O2 outlet (2').    USE - Joint production of synthesis gas and O2 allowing feed to a SOFC fuel cell for electricity production (see also DE10035425.    ADVANTAGE - A single unit is provided which can produce O2 in addition to the synthesis gas, thus making more efficient use of fuels such as natural gas and allowing electricity production in a high-temperature unit. Further, the H2 : CO ratio of the synthesis as obtained is at an optimal value for methanol synthesis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cell for synthesis gas production along with separate O2 recovery.    Cell (30)    Concentric cells (31,32,33)    Cell outer wall (130)    Separating walls (131,132)    Gas-permeable electrodes (A,K)
NOVELTY - A grating is formed by etching on a silicon substrate of a photoresponsive device on which light is incident, such that higher grating orders are generated within the photoresponsive device. The majority of the incidence light entering the photoresponsive device, propagates obliquely to the light incident surface, so that light absorption in the surface close to the incident surface is increased.    USE - The method is used for increasing absorption of light radiation in photoresponsive devices such as thin film solar cells, space solar cells, wavelength-selective photodetectors and polarization-dependent photodetectors.    ADVANTAGE - Performance of the solar cells and photodetectors are improved without affecting the surface passivation of the devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows oblique optical coupling into semiconductor using diffractive optics.
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a substrate having cleavage directions perpendicular to each other and textures (81) arranged on its light-receiving surface (30). The textures have bottom sides adjacent to each other on the cleavage direction. The bottom sides on at least one cleavage direction is discontinuous.    USE - Solar cell used in space or in ground.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has electronic and optical characteristics equivalent to the conventional solar cell with suppressed cracking and warpage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of producing textures of solar cell comprising forming an oxide film layer on a light-receiving surface of a substrate, forming a masking pattern of the oxide film layer using a photoresist and etching the light-receiving pattern using the masking pattern.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a plane view showing the texture arrangement in a solar cell.    Textures (81)    Light-receiving surface (30)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a heat exchanger with a heat transfer tube (1), a coolant for circulation, a fin (6) formed on the surface of heat transfer tube, and a catalyst layer containing a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst. A flow path of process gas is formed with the heat transfer tube and fin. Roughening is performed to the surface on which the catalyst layer is formed.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide from exhaust gas of motor vehicles and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus removes carbon monoxide selectively and effectively at a wide range of temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbon monoxide removal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the carbon monoxide selective oxidation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat transfer tube (1)    Fin (6)
NOVELTY - The ammonia modification catalyst consists of composite of metal (such as alkaline earth metal, alkali metal, transition metal and rare earth metal) having nitrogen occlusion ability, and oxide of alloy containing alkaline earth metal, alkali metal, transition metal and rare earth metal. The oxide content of alloy is 50 atom% or less.    USE - For use in production of hydrogen (claimed) used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Nitrogen produced from ammonia in the modification reaction is effectively occluded in the form of metal nitride. The occluded nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen to form ammonia at high conversion ratio and at low-temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of hydrogen by ammonia modification.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system which reproduces ammonia by reacting nitrogen (occluded in the metal) and hydrogen, using composite of nitrogen occlusion property metal and oxide. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Titanium dioxide semiconductor (101) consists of anatase type oxidized titanium dioxide and is formed by sintering fine powder of titanium. The porosity of the titanium dioxide semiconductor is 50-99%. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) Titanium dioxide semiconductor manufacturing method; (b) Solar batteries comprising the semiconductor    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Since the porosity is extremely high than the conventional wet solar batteries comprising titania electrode, the surface area of the titania is increased and thus the contact area of titania microparticles is also increased which leads to 1000 to 10000 fold increase in the electricity generated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the solar battery.    Titanium dioxide semiconductor (101)
NOVELTY - An auxiliary thin plate wiring material (104) for electrical output is provided to back of a solar battery element (103) and electrically connected with internal thin plate wiring material (107) which is embedded on a support section (108) and below sealing resin (105). Then thermosetting of resin is performed.    USE - For manufacturing thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deformation of solar battery cell. Reduces non-electrical generation area. Weight of module is reduced and high strength is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film solar battery module manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of thin film solar battery module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar battery element (103)    Auxiliary thin plate wiring material (104)    Sealing resin (105)    Internal thin plate wiring material (107)    Support section (108)
NOVELTY - Very high frequency electric power less than the twice the power required to decompose raw material gas containing silicon, is applied to cathode of discharge furnace, while forming an i-type semiconductor layer at 200-450degreesC by very high frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The discharge frequency of VHF plasma is 15-550 MHz.    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic cell such as solar battery, photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - Photovoltaic cell with improved output characteristics, reliability and fill factor is obtained thereby reducing the degradation of the cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of solar battery.
NOVELTY - The irradiation light source (6) is moved parallel to the sample solar panel (4) at fixed velocity. When light source is stopped, light is irradiated on the solar panel. The output voltage, short circuit current and fixed operating point voltage at the time of irradiation are measured based on which operation of solar panel is judged.    USE - For inspection of solar panel for terrestrial and satellite applications.    ADVANTAGE - Irradiation test of large-sized solar panel can be done quickly in a narrow chamber by moving the light source parallel to solar panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of solar panel test device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sample solar panel (4)    Irradiation light source (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack (11) has several cells laminated through an electroconductive separator (12). The output terminals for voltage measurement (13) of each separator, are attached to same side of fuel cell stack.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The installation of output terminal is made easier. Workability is improved. The fuel cell stack is compact.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell stack (11)    Electroconductive separator (12)    Output terminals for voltage measurement (13)
NOVELTY - Production of a hydrogen and nitrogen mixture involves the dissociation of gaseous ammonia in the dissociation unit of a cracker (4). The dissociation unit comprises a catalyst bed containing aluminum oxide pellets deposited with an active catalyst metal chosen from nickel, ruthenium, or platinum. The hydrogen and nitrogen mixture formed is supplied to a fuel cell (6).    USE - For the production of a hydrogen and nitrogen mixture from gaseous ammonia. The produced hydrogen is used as a fuel in a fuel cell, especially an alkaline fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen as fuel for a fuel cell, is produced efficiently from an ammonia source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a hydrogen and nitrogen mixture from gaseous ammonia, involves bypassing a gaseous ammonia stream to a dissociation unit of an ammonia cracker (4) to dissociate the stream to a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen at 500-750 degrees C. The dissociation unit comprises a catalyst bed containing aluminum oxide pellets deposited with an active catalyst metal chosen from nickel, ruthenium, or platinum. The hydrogen and nitrogen mixture is supplied to a fuel cell (6), and a portion of off gas of hydrogen electrode (6b) is fed into a heating unit (5) of cracker (4) to supply heat for further dissociation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram for production of hydrogen and nitrogen from ammonia, used as fuel for a fuel cell.    Ammonia cracker (4)    Heating unit (5)    Fuel cell (6)    Hydrogen electrode (6b)
NOVELTY - A water management system has a planar fuel cell with unit cells that are arranged in a plane such that each unit cell is separated from a neighboring unit cell by walls. Each unit cell has anode and cathode sides (12). The walls have aperture(s) to permit passage of a gas from one unit cell to a neighboring cell. The apertures have a hydrophobic portion that aids in water management of the cell.    USE - The water management system is used for fuel cells having solid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - The system reduces the problems with flooding and also enhances the flow of fuel gas to the anodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an exploded isometric view of a planar fuel cell.    Cathode sides (12)    Anode sides (14)    Unit cells (20)    Aperture wall (24)    Aperture (35)
NOVELTY - Paste material which is used to form electrodes on surface of silicon substrate, comprises organic binder containing required amount of organic solvent and 0.3-50 weight percent of silicon in 100 weight percent of aluminum powder.    USE - For forming electrodes of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Paste material is formed uniformly over the surface of silicon substrate, and hence large area is available on the substrate to form electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of components of solar battery.
NOVELTY - A transparent electrically conductive film (2) which includes transparent electroconductive film layer (22), is formed on a glass substrate (1). An etching stopper is provided to contact a semiconductor layer formed on the film (2), so that the roughness is formed on the surface of film (2), by wet or dry etching.    USE - Photovoltaic device e.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides uniform shaped transparent electroconductive film, by controlling the size of roughness formed on the electroconductive film. Therefore high conversion efficiency is enabled at reduced cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional views of transparent elastically conductive films, in the condition of forming zinc oxide film substrate and roughness on surface, by etching.    Glass substrate (1)    Film (2)    Transparent electroconductive film layer (22)
NOVELTY - Exhaust heat from cooler of solid polymer fuel cell, is used as a heat source of heater for absorbent regeneration.    USE - Air conditioning system.    ADVANTAGE - Air conditioning effect is efficient, as the exhaust heat from cooler of solid polymer fuel cell is used as heat source of heater for absorbent regeneration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of air conditioning system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The secondary battery has flexible photoelectric conversion sheet (3) wound around a cylindrical winding core. Optoelectric transducers (11) are arranged at the bottom of the front and back surfaces of the photoelectric conversion sheet. A control circuit regulates the charging and discharging of the secondary battery.    USE - Optical charging type secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to charge the battery reliably even when the photoelectric conversion sheet is turned by external force such as wind. Prevents environmental pollution and utilizes earth resources effectively and prevents the damage or degradation of optoelectric transducer and the reduction of electricity generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the photoelectric conversion sheet. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Photoelectric conversion sheet (3)    Optoelectric transducers (11)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device has a photosensitive layer containing semiconductor microparticles sensitized with a metal complex dye (I).    USE - The ruthenium complex dyes and the photoelectric conversion devices are for photocells, especially solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ruthenium complex dyes have high photoabsorption ability, i.e., high photoelectric conversion properties, in a wide wavelength region from visible to IR ones and can sensitize semiconductor microparticles effectively and the photoelectric conversion devices have high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric conversion device has a photosensitive layer containing semiconductor microparticles sensitized with a metal complex dye of formula (I).    R11 = alkyl or aryl;    R12 = H or substituent;    R13- R15 = substituent;    EWG = electron-attractive group;    L11 = monodentate ligand;    n11 = 1-5;    n13,n14 = 0-4;    n15 = 0- 3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for photocells using the photoelectric conversion devices and ruthenium complex dyes of (II);    R21 = alkyl or aryl;    X = halogen;    n21 = 1-5.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 is a schematic of the device.    Electroconductive layer (10)    Transparent electroconductive layer (10a)    Photosensitive layer (20)    Semiconductor microparticles (21)    Metal complex dye (22)    Charge transport materials (23)    Charge transfer layer (30)    Counter electrode electroconductive layer (40)    Transparent counter electrode electroconductive layer (40a)    Substrate (50)    Transparent substrate (50a)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric converter has a pigment-sensitized semiconductor electrode. At least one pigment used in pigment sensitization consists of a compound selected from a metal complex pigment, a phthalocyanine pigment, a porphyrin pigment, and a methine pigment. The pigment is adsorbed to a semiconductor in a supercritical fluid.    USE - The photoelectric converter is used for the photocell, particularly, for a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Adsorbing the sensitized pigment to an electrode consisting of the semiconductor exhibits spectral sensitization. The adsorption of the pigment in the supercritical fluid yields a high short circuit current even for a device using a molten salt electrolyte, or a hole transportation electrolyte. The photoelectric converter has the high short circuit current, superior conversion efficiency and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a photocell using the photoelectric converter.
NOVELTY - Ultrapure quartz material including quartz sand and/or waste quartz is smelted in electric furnace to produce molten silicon, the molten silicon is cast directly into directional crack-less polysilicon ignot, and the ignot is demoulded and sliced into silicon wafer directly. The said process is new method of producing silicon wafer for solar battery at low cost. The present invention can raise the value of ultrapure quartz sand and waste quartz.
NOVELTY - The surface of a substrate is exposed to reactive ion etching plasma comprising at least one etchant and metal particles introduced into plasma from at least one source.    USE - Used for silicon solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A randomly distributed and uniform textured surface is provided on the substrate. The surface with nanoscale texture has dimensions which are smaller than the wavelength of light in solar spectrum. The metal catalysts are introduced into the etching chamber in various ways, and interior surfaces of the etching chamber are pre-conditioned by providing a thin metal coating on its surface, and the need of additional amount of the metal for subsequent etching process is eliminated. Non-toxic and inert etchants are used, thereby the substrate is etched safely and inexpensively. A silicon solar cell with controlled and randomly textured dimension, is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate such as silicon wafer (4) is used, and metal particles are introduced into reactive ion etching plasma from sources such as chromium source (10).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Textured surface creation on silicon for use in solar cell;    (b) Silicon solar cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic illustration of texturing resulting from various strategic placements of metal-coated silicon chip relative to silicon to be textured in the reactive ion etching process.    Silicon wafer (4)    Chromium source (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell apparatus (20) has a fuel cell for generating electricity in response to the supply of heating gas containing hydrocarbon group fuel (HGF), and an oxidation catalyst for oxidizing the HGF. The apparatus has an exhaust gas purification unit to receive a supply of exhaust gas from an anode (32) to the fuel cell. The purification unit oxidizes the HGF in exhaust gas, and purifies the exhaust gas.    USE - For the generation of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction and simplification of the fuel cell apparatus reduction are obtained during exhaust gas purification.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a moving unit equipped with the above fuel cell apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell apparatus (20)    Anode (32)    Exhaust gas purifier (40)    Catalyst (42)
NOVELTY - The temperature of sealing container in which a solar battery is laminated to form a solar panel is detected in time-dependent manner and detected result is stored in a memory. The cross-linking conditions of a resin in lamination process is monitored based on analysis of recorded temperature hysteresis. The cross-linking conditions are altered or a new setup is carried out depending on necessity.    USE - For solar panels.    ADVANTAGE - Since cross-linking conditions are monitored based on recorded temperature analysis result, and altered depending on necessity, lamination process is performed in laminater itself and hence cross-linking conditions of a sealing resin is managed economically.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram explaining the management method of cross-linking process in laminater for solar panels. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The low resistance p-type zinc sulfide single crystal contains p-type dopant chosen from lithium, sodium and nitrogen and n-type dopant chosen from boron, aluminum, gallium, indium and from copper and silver. The single crystal has resistivity of 0.08 OMEGA.cm or less and hole concentration of 5.6x1018/cm3 or more.    USE - For optical electronic materials such as photoelectric conversion device, light emitting elements and solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The p-type zinc sulfide single crystal has extremely low resistance, excellent light emission characteristics, and effectively controls magnitude of energy gap freely by combining with low resistance n-type zinc sulfide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for p-type zinc sulfide single crystal manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows model of p-type dopant and n-type dopant in single crystal.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte film is supported between fuel electrode and oxidizing electrode. The fuel cell generates electricity by electrochemical reaction of reactive gas and oxidizing agent gas. Heated generated by fuel gas is supplied to an apparatus. Water is supplied along water cooling path for cooling fuel cell.    USE - For automatic vending machine (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Power consumption is reduced and energy conservation is achieved. Pollution is reduced, and hence reduction in fuel cell operating cost is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for automatic vending machine.
NOVELTY - A compound (I) is new.    USE - (I), (II) and (III) are useful for silver halide photographic photosensitive materials, dye-sensitized solar cells and photosensitive photofunctional materials.    ADVANTAGE - (I), (II) and (III) can give silver halide photographic emulsions with high sensitivity and suppressed aggregation for silver halide photographic photosensitive materials and the silver halide photographic photosensitive materials containing (I), (II) or (III) have high sensitivity and limited dye stain.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A compound of formula (I) is new.    Dye = organic dye;    R = divalent linking group;    V = substituent on the bipyridine with when several V's are present, they are optionally condensing mutually.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) compounds of (II), and (III);    (2) silver halide photographic photosensitive materials containing at least one of (I), (II) and (III) and    (3) a manufacturing method for (I).
NOVELTY - The protection sheet has an inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) formed on one side of a weather resistance base material (1). A printing layer (3) is formed on the vapor deposition film.    USE - For solar battery module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents penetration of moisture content, oxygen etc, thus excelling in protection capability property, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, hail resistance, chemical resistance, damp-proofing, stain repellent property, light-diffusion property, design property etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of back-side protection sheet.    Weather resistance base material (1)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    Printing layer (3)
NOVELTY - A sheet is made by: (a) either cooling a base having protrusions (2) or rotating a roller with protrusions on its peripheral surface and a cooling portion capable of cooling the protrusions; (b) dipping surfaces of the cooled protrusions into a melt material with a metal material and/or semiconductor material; and (c) forming crystals of the material on the surfaces of the protrusions.    USE - Used for manufacturing sheets, particularly silicon sheets for solar cells. The sheets can also be used for electronic devices which require electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - A sheet which is inexpensive, and has excellent evenness and a desired uniform thickness can be produced without the slicing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a sheet comprising a curve portion produced by the process;    (B) a sheet manufacturing apparatus including a roller with protrusions and cooling portion, and crucible including a melt material and capable of dipping the protrusions into the melt by rotation of the roller; and    (C) a solar cell produced by forming an electrode on the sheet produced by the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a base with linear protrusions.    Protrusion (2)
NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell comprises a p-type doped layers, an intrinsic photoelectric conversion layer, and n-type doped layer which are stacked in this order or vice versa. The doped layer (p- or n-type) is formed first followed by the photoelectric conversion layer. The firstly formed doped layer has crystallization ratio of equal to or greater than the secondly formed layer.    USE - Solar cell used as energy source substitute for fossil fuel, e.g. petroleum.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has appropriate junction interface structure so allowing high photovoltaic conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin film solar cell comprises a p-type doped layers (15), an intrinsic photoelectric conversion layer (14) and n-type doped layer (13), which are stacked in this order or vice versa. The doped layer is formed first followed by the photoelectric conversion layer. The layers are silicon thin films including crystal components. The firstly formed doped layer has crystallization ratio of equal to or greater than the secondly formed layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fabrication of the above thin film solar cell comprising forming the first doped layer by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a VHF frequency band higher than 13.56 Mhz.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of the thin film solar cell.    Substrate (11)    Conductive film (12)    Doped layers (13, 15)    Conversion layer (14)
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises the first insulating layer (12a) formed on the main plane (11a) of the conducting base (11), the second insulating layer (12b) formed a second main plane (11b) of the base, and the light absorption layer (14) arranged on the first insulating layer. The light absorption layer is made from a semiconductor containing an element from group Ib, IIIb and/or IVb.    USE - Used as a thin layer solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is reliable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a solar cell comprising forming a multiple layer film containing a conducting layer and a layer containing an element from group Ib, IIIb and/or IVb; and forming a light absorption layer formed from a conductor containing an element from group Ib, IIIb and/or IVb on the multiple layer film.    Preferred Features: The conducting base is made from a metal and the semiconductor is made from Cu, at least one of In or Ga, and at least one of Se or S.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar cell.    base (11)    main plane (11a)    first insulating layer (12a)    second insulating layer (12b)    light absorption layer (14)
NOVELTY - Zinc oxide powder whose purity is not less than 99.9% and aluminum oxide powder whose purity is not less than 99.9% or pure aluminum powder are mixed uniformly and sintered into block body whose density is not less than 94 % of theoretical density.    USE - Zinc-aluminum target material is used for preparing a transparent conducting film. The material can be substituted for indium tin oxide (ITO) in the transparent electrode of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The material has a simple composition, strong film base adhesive force, long service life, good performance and is low in cost. It is wear resistant, corrosion resistant, non-toxic and easy to dope. The ZAO film possesses good stability in the plasma body.
NOVELTY - Aluminum-containing interconnector (5) has nickel-aluminum alloy contact surfaces and gas distribution structures for electrodes of high temperature fuel cells.    USE - The interconnector is used in high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Long term contact of the anode is guaranteed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a fuel cell stack comprising at least two high temperature fuel cells; and    (b) a process for the production of an interconnector comprising applying a nickel foil to the contact surface of an aluminum-containing interconnector, and hot pressing forming nickel-aluminum alloy.    Preferred Features: A nickel foil is connected to the contact surface of the interconnector by forming an alloy. An elastic nickel network (2) is arranged between the anode and the interconnector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a high temperature fuel cell.    Anode (1)    Nickel network (2)    Interconnector (5)
NOVELTY - High temperature fuel cell comprises an anode (1), an electrolyte (2), a cathode (3), a cathode interconnection (5) and an anode interconnection (8). An elastic mass (11) is arranged between the anode and anode interconnection to absorb relative movements.    USE - The fuel cell is used for producing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a long service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell stack comprising at least two high temperature fuel cells.    Preferred Features: A further elastic mass (10), especially a corrugated perforated sheet is arranged between the cathode interconnection and the electrolyte. The cathode has a smaller base surface then the anode. A glass ceramic layer is arranged between the valleys of the perforated sheet and the electrolyte. The cathode interconnection is connected to the anode interconnection via a frame (7) made of an iron-based alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell.    Anode (1)    Electrolyte (2)    Cathode (3)    Cathode interconnection (5)    Anode interconnection (8)    Elastic mass (10)    Elastic mass (11)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack that includes power-generating cells, each having an electrolyte electrode assembly. The electrolyte electrode assembly includes an electrolyte interposed between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode.    USE - The fuel cell system is used for generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature in the fuel cell system can be set to be relatively high when the cooling medium which has been used to cool the power-generating cells is introduced into the heat exchanger. Efficient operation of the heat exchange is then performed by the aid of the heat exchanger. Thus, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the heat exchange device and the entire heat exchanger can be effectively miniaturized. Also, it is possible to easily improve the durability of the heat exchanger even when the fuel cell system is operated to generate the high output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises: (a) a fuel cell stack (10) provided with stacked power-generating cells (14), each having an electrolyte electrode assembly being interposed between separators and including an electrolyte interposed between anode and cathode electrodes; (b) a cooling medium-circulating passage (58) for supplying a cooling medium to the fuel cell stack to cool the power-generating cells; and (c) a heat exchanger (60) for cooling the cooling medium having been used to cool the power-generating cells, at the outside of the fuel cell stack. The operation temperature of the fuel cell stack is set at 100-210 degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic arrangement of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (10)    Stacked power-generating cells (14)    Cooling medium-circulating passage (58)    Heat exchanger (60)    Radiator (64)    Fan (66)
NOVELTY - Solar cells are manufactured by heating a film of tellurium-containing compound and treating the film with halogen-containing vapor. The film is subjected to a reducing atmosphere, and a tellurium-layer is formed onto the film. Copper is deposited onto the tellurium layer, and heat treated to form copper telluride. A conductor is deposited onto the copper telluride.    USE - For fabricating solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method eliminates the excessive amounts of liquid reactant and etching materials, thus reducing manufacturing costs and pollution from secondary waste streams. It enhances quality control and increases production efficiency.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen peroxide solution is added to a solution of zirconium compound dissolved in an alcohol, to form precipitate. Subsequently, the precipitate is foamed and zirconium oxide group porous substance is obtained.    USE - For manufacture of zirconium oxide group porous substance used as support for electrolyte of fuel cell, electrode, oxygen sensor, oxygen enriched membrane, heat emitting material, bio-sensor, bio-reactor and catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The porous substance can be obtained without complicated process and without formation of any byproducts which contaminates the environments.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a zirconium oxide group porous substance.
NOVELTY - A container (13) stores hydrogen occlusion alloy (3). A distributor (18) distributes a heating gas uniformly to catalyzed combustion object (4) placed inside a heat insulation container (2) to release hydrogen from the hydrogen occlusion alloy. Flow paths (29,30) guide the released hydrogen to the exterior of the container.    USE - For fuel cell of hydrogen powered motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since heating gas is distributed uniformly, the combustion object is burnt uniformly, and hence, occlusion alloy is heated uniformly to improve the hydrogen release efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hydrogen storage container.    Heat insulation container (2)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy (3)    Catalyzed combustion object (4)    Container (13)    Distributor (18)    Flow paths (29,30)
NOVELTY - A raw liquefied gas stored in a cylinder (1) is supplied to a reformer (3) through a gas pressure regulator (2) after vaporization. A heating controller (5) controls a heating unit (7) which heats the cylinder, based on a measurement signal from a pressure sensor (4) which measures the pressure of the vaporized gas supplied to the pressure regulator.    USE - For supplying raw liquefied gas in vaporized state to reformers of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Performs stable and efficient vaporized raw gas supply to reformer, by heating the cylinder efficiently. Enables to achieve total size-reduction of system by using raw gas supply apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the raw liquefied gas supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylinder (1)    Gas pressure regulator (2)    Reformer (3)    Pressure sensor (4)    Heating controller (5)    Heating unit (7)
NOVELTY - Serially arranged reaction stages (32,34,36) of a reformation unit (30) include catalyst which reforms hydrocarbon containing fuel to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases due to water vaporization and oxidation. An electronic control unit (ECU) (70) controls supply of the mixture gas to a shift reaction unit (60), based on oxygen concentration of the mixture gases from the reaction stages (32,34).    USE - Fuel reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon content fuel is efficiently reformed to hydrogen rich heating gas, while tracking the load fluctuation. Also, the catalyst property is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of a fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformation unit (30)    Reaction stages of reformation unit (32,34,36)    Shift reaction unit (60)    ECU (70)
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer (30) comprises a selective oxidation unit (33) which performs selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A solenoid valve (SV4) is in an air line (L4) which connects selective oxidation unit and a blower (B). A control unit controls the solenoid valve, based on internal temperature of a modification unit (32).    USE - For fuel cell apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide concentration in the reformed gas is reduced efficiently and accurately to a desired threshold value. Cost of the fuel reformer and the fuel cell apparatus is reduced. Operation of the fuel reformer is performed economically. Size of the fuel reformer is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer comprises a selective oxidation unit which introduces the modification unit which forms the reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The reformed gas is obtained from a fluid for modification which contains a fuel and water, by water vapor modification reaction. The blower is provided for supplying gas to the selective oxidation unit. A temperature measuring unit is provided for measuring the internal temperature of the modification unit.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Operating method of the fuel reformer; and    (b) Fuel cell apparatus (1)    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of the fuel cell apparatus equipped with the fuel reformer.    Fuel cell apparatus (1)    Fuel reformer (30)    Modification unit (32)    Selective oxidation unit (33)    Air line (L4)    Blower (B)    Solenoid valve (SV4)
NOVELTY - The porous hydrogen occlusion material (4) contains organic compound or its complex (5) having unsaturated bond, and a catalyst metal (3) which separates hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms, in its pore.    USE - As energy source for motor vehicles and reciprocating engine.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occlusion ability of hydrogen occlusion material is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of manufacturing process of hydrogen occlusion material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst metal (3)    Porous hydrogen occlusion material (4)    Complex (5)
NOVELTY - A chromium-nickel group heat-resistant alloy consists of chromium-nickel-iron ternary group alloy.    USE - Edge strip of solid electrolyte fuel cell and for chemical processing plant reformer peripheral device and partial oxidation reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The heat-resistant alloy has good corrosion resistance. Thinning is prevented even after prolonged use. Life span of alloy is improved. Material cost and maintenance cost are reduced. Durability of apparatus is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A chromium-nickel group heat-resistant alloy consists of chromium-nickel-iron ternary group alloy. The content of nickel (n) and chromium (c) satisfies the relation:    n+2c more than 100 (I).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of Cr-Ni-Fe ternary group alloy showing triangular vertex when each element is 100 weight%. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A methane modifier (7) generates hydrogen and carbon dioxide from town gas and natural gas obtained by processing excreta of livestock. The fuel cell (6) generates electrical and heat energies, based on reaction of hydrogen from the modifier with the oxygen. A control apparatus (15) supplies the generated energies to the barn.    USE - For supplying power to livestock barn.    ADVANTAGE - The power is generated efficiently using town gas and natural gas, without depending on main supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the power supply system for livestock barn. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (6)    Methane modifier (7)    Control apparatus (15)
NOVELTY - Production of a platinum catalyst electrode comprises printing platinum catalyst precursor ink on a substrate having conductivity and heating the platinum catalyst precursor ink to obtain a catalyst.    USE - For the production of platinum catalyst electrode used in a pigment-sensitized solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The platinum catalyst precursor ink is printed on the substrate. Heating the ink changes the ink into a catalyst, reducing the consumption of material necessary to produce the platinum catalyst at lower costs. The method employs printing, simultaneously forming a platinum catalyst electrode and providing patterning of the platinum catalyst electrode to avoid a short circuit between connected cells in the pigment-sensitized solar battery. The platinum catalyst electrode has improved reduction performance.
NOVELTY - Solar battery module has primer and glare-proof layers (40,10) sequentially formed on the top surface of transparent substrate (1). Glare-proof layer includes organic and inorganic particles (30) and a binder (20) containing acrylic resin. Photo semiconductor layer (3), resin and cover layers (6,7) are formed sequentially on rear surface of transparent substrate.    USE - Solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - By the provision of glare-proof layer and primer layer formed sequentially on the top surface of transparent substrate, problems due to air pollution are overcome and the waterproof property is improved. Effective utilization of solar light is enabled and design property is improved. Degradation of inorganic particles is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery module.    Transparent substrate (1)    Photo semiconductor layer (3)    Resin and cover layers (6,7)    Glare-proof and primer layers (10,40)    Binder (20)    Inorganic particles (30)
NOVELTY - The back-side protection sheet (A) has an inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) provided to one surface of a base film (1). Polyolefin type resin layer (3) and cyclic polyolefin type resin layer (4) are provided on one surface of the inorganic oxide film by co-extrusion of polyolefin type resin and cyclic polyolefin type resin.    USE - For solar battery modules (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inorganic oxide vapor deposition film has excellent water vapor barrier property and oxygen barrier property. The back-side protection sheet excels in weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, wind pressure resistance, light resistance, hail resistance, light reflection property, light diffusion property, design property and stain resistance. The sheet has damp proof property which prevents penetration of moisture and oxygen. Long term degradation is restrained to a minimum extent. The safe battery module is manufactured stably and inexpensively using the back-side protection sheet. The back-side protection sheet has excellent protection capability, strength and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module which comprises a surface protection sheet, filler layer, solar battery element as photovoltaic cell and a back-side protection sheet. Vacuum attraction of surface protection sheet, filler layer, solar battery element and back-side protection sheet is carried out to form a integrated compact by heat crimping lamination process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows rough sectional drawing showing the outline of back-side protection sheet laminate.    Base film (1)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    Polyethylene group resin layer (3)    Cyclic polyolefin type resin layer (4)    Co-extrusion resin layer (5)    Back-side protection sheet (A)
NOVELTY - The solar battery element is interposed between filler layers (2,4) having heat resistance property. The protective layers (1,5) are formed on top and bottom surface of filler layer respectively. Pollution protection layer (6), ultraviolet shield layer (7) weather resistance layer (8) are laminated on the surface of the protection oxide layer (1).    USE - Used in calculator, electronic devices, consumer applications, plasma chemical vapor deposition device, vacuum evaporation device etc.    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of battery is prevented by using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance, wind pressure resistance, hail resistance properties are improved by forming pollution protection layer, ultraviolet shield layer, weather resistance layer. A low cost and a highly durable battery module is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar-battery module.    Protection oxide layers (1,5)    Filler layers (2,4)    Pollution protection layer (6)    Ultraviolet shield layer (7)    Weather resistance layer (8)
NOVELTY - The laminate apparatus (10) is provided with several filming chambers (12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26) arranged continuously. A substrate (32) is transferred sequentially between the chambers for forming a semiconductor layer with predetermined structure on the substrate. The semiconductor layer of different types are laminated in a predetermined order in the filming chambers.    USE - Used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces administration expenses, since number of filming chambers in entire apparatus is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the laminate apparatus.    Laminate apparatus (10)    Filming chambers (12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26)    Substrate (32)
NOVELTY - Novel UV absorbing copolymer which is obtained by copolymerization of a mixture comprising (mass %): (a) a monomer having a reactive silyl group (3-60); and (b) monomer having UV absorbing group (15-70).    USE - The UV absorbing copolymer is useful for producing a UV absorbing thin film which is used for producing a UV absorbing multilayer laminate which is used for wrapping foods, solar battery, polymer battery, optical material (lens etc), building material (sound proof wall etc), antifouling sheet, marking film, or window material (for vehicle, building material etc).    ADVANTAGE - The UV absorbing copolymer can provide a thin film having high weather resistance and high solvent resistance which can be used as a protection layer for a resin substrate to prevent the resin substrate from being discolored by UV etc. The UV absorbing copolymer can provide a UV absorbing multilayer laminate which can be provided on not only resin substrates but also on glass, metal, wood, paper and inorganic materials etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Novel UV absorbing copolymer which is obtained by copolymerization of a mixture comprising (mass %):    (a) monomer having a reactive silyl group (3-60); and    (b) monomer having UV absorbing group, represented by formulae (I)-(IV) (15-70).    R1 = H or 1-8C hydrocarbon;    R2, R4 = lower alkylene;    R3, R5, R7, R8, R7', R8' = H or methyl;    R6 = H or cyano;    R9 = H or hydrocarbon;    X = H, halo, 1-8C hydrocarbon, lower alkoxy, cyano or nitro;    Y = O or imino; and    One of R1, R2, R3 and X = H.
NOVELTY - Silicon substrate is obtained by melting particulate silicon of grain size 1-1000 microns.    USE - Used for optoelectric transducer of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Silicon substrate is manufactured easily without cutting and slicing processes of bulk silicon. Rate of usage of silicon raw material is high. Silicon substrate of purity equivalent to that of silicon raw material is obtained. Manufacture of silicon substrate with moderate surface unevenness is simple, with low consumption of energy.
NOVELTY - A Lentz circular catalyst having a P,N semiconductors forms a junction. P,N photoconductors, a light source, a light guide solenoid, in a ferromagnetic cylinder are formed as a concentric circle and connected sequentially, for photoelectric power generation by photoelectric catalyst inversion.    USE - Honda-Fujishima-Hall photocatalyst synthetic fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Multiple substitutions in the arrangements with a dry solar cell, composite hall ferromagnetic box, antase electrode plates, P-type photoconductor, P-N junction electrode plates, ultraviolet radiations (UVR) catalyst are also facilitated and shown as figures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows one of the arrangement of fuel cell.
NOVELTY - An aggregate of metal matrix particles (5) and an aggregate of added component particles (6) are subjected to mechanical alloying or mechanical grinding to form hydrogen absorbing alloy powder (1) comprising metal matrix (2) and added components (3). The particle size (D) of metal matrix particles and particle size (d) of added component particle satisfies specific relation.    USE - For fuel cell electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The milling time of hydrogen absorbing alloy powder is shortened remarkably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An aggregate of metal matrix particles (5) and an aggregate of added component particles (6) are subjected to mechanical alloying or mechanical grinding to form hydrogen absorbing alloy powder (1) comprising metal matrix (2) and added components (3). The particle size (D) of metal matrix particles and particle size (d) of added component particle satisfies the relation d at most D/6.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) hydrogen absorbing alloy powder, which is an aggregate of alloy particles each including a magnesium (Mg) matrix and several ultrafine particles dispersed in it; and    (2) a hydrogen storing tank, containing the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder, for mounting in a vehicle.    The Mg matrix comprises several Mg crystals having grain size Dc of 1.0-500 microns. The ultrafine particles have particle size d0 of 10 nm at most d0 at most 500 nm and is selected from nickel, iron, vanadium, manganese, titanium, copper, aluminum, palladium, platinum, zirconium, gold, silver, cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, chromium, zinc, ruthenium, rhodium, tantalum, iridium and tungsten ultrafine particles or their alloys.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder.    Hydrogen absorbing alloy powder (1)    Metal matrix (2)    Added components (3)    Aggregate of metal matrix particle (5)    Aggregate of added component particles (6)
NOVELTY - An ultraphobic substrate has a total scattered light loss of at most7 (at most1)% and a contact angle with water at least140 (especially at least150)degrees.    USE - Claimed uses are as (a) transparent screens (eg windows) or cover layers for such screens (especially of glass or plastics) for use in solar cells, vehicles aircraft or houses; and (b) non-transparent external elements for buildings, vehicles or aircraft.    ADVANTAGE - Substrates are provided which combine low light scattering with ultraphobicity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also included is an INDEPENDENT CLAIM for identification of process conditions and production of suitable surfaces comprising:    (a) determining the refractive index of the individual coating layers for a number of substrates which have been selected with respect to the thickness and sequence of the coating layers;    (b) calculating the total scattered light loss for various surface topographies and selecting those with a loss of at most7 (especially at most1)%;    (c) selecting the topographies for ultraphobic properties using the expression Slog(f) = a(f).f such that the integral of the function Slog(f) is at least0.3 between the limits log(f1/mum1) = -3 and log(f2/mum1) = 3 (PCT/99/10322 (WO0039240);    (d) ensuring that the coating process is such that conditions (b) and (c) are fulfilled in series or (especially) parallel;    (e) determining the total scattering loss and the contact angle; and    (f) identifying the cases in which the contact angle at least140 (especially at least150)degrees and the total scattered light loss at most7 (at most1)%.
NOVELTY - Solutions of perfluorosulfonic acid polymers in aprotic dipolar solvents are claimed, as are also the polymers and membranes obtained from such solutions.    USE - Use is claimed of the polymer and polyblend membranes in fuel cells, especially direct-methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).    ADVANTAGE - Low cost membranes are obtained which fulfill all the requirements for DMFC membranes, being of maximum proton permeability and high temperature stability and, unlike some prior-art membranes, having a low methanol permeability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also included are INDEPENDENT CLAIMS for (i) production of perfluorosulfonic acid polymers in aprotic dipolar solvents by taking up the polymers in such solvents after and/or during heating; (ii) homogeneous polyblends of perfluorosulfonic acid polymers with other polymers.
NOVELTY - A magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy powder consists of at least 90 wt.% magnesium. The alloy powder has a hydrogen storage capacity of at least 6 wt.%, an absorption kinetics that allows the alloy to absorb 80% of its total capacity within 10 minutes at 300 degreesC, and a cycle life of at least 500 cycles without loss of either capacity or kinetics.    USE - For solid-state storage and delivery of hydrogen to power internal combustion engine or fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive alloy powder enables (for the first time) to realistically use the most ubiquitous, ultimate source of fuel (i.e. hydrogen). It has high hydrogen storage capacity, fast kinetics and long cycle-life.
NOVELTY - Fuel for fuel cell system which is a vapor at room temperature, contains at least 5 mol% hydrocarbon compounds and 0.5-20 weight% oxygen-containing compounds based on oxygen atoms. The hydrocarbon compounds contain at most 5 mol% of at least 2C hydrocarbons, at least 90 mol% of 3C and 4C hydrocarbons and at most 5 mol% of at least 5C hydrocarbons.    USE - Used as a fuel for fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel shows increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, an improved fuel consumption, a decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability and a suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows a fuel cell system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since it reduces the deterioration of a fuel cell system such as a reforming catalyst, a water gas shift reaction catalyst, a carbon monoxide removal catalyst and a fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow chart of a steam reforming fuel cell system. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system includes a temperature detector for vapors of gas or liquid fuel and gas containing an oxygen, which to be supplied in a fuel reformer. The ratio of first flow rate of vapor to the second flow rate of gas is corrected depending on the output of temperature detector. The gas containing oxygen is supplied depending on the corrected ratio.    USE - Used in mobile fuel cell system, e.g. a fuel cell automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive system and method obtain reformed gas composition usable in fuel cell even if temperature supplied from an evaporator into the fuel reformer varies significantly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reforming system comprises a vapor detector of a first flow rate, gas detector of a second flow rate, and a temperature detector for vapors of gas or liquid fuel and gas containing an oxygen, which to be supplied in a fuel reformer. The fuel reformer generates a reformed gas containing hydrogen and oxygen. The ratio of first flow rate of vapor to the second flow rate of gas is corrected depending on the output of temperature detector. The gas containing oxygen is supplied depending on the corrected ratio.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel reforming comprising supplying the liquid fuel into a first supplier of the system and detecting the temperature of the vapors in the gas or liquid fuel supplied in the fuel reformer. A first correction coefficient is determined according to the detected temperature. The correction coefficient is a ratio between a first flow rate of vapors to a second flow rate of the gas containing oxygen. The second flow rate to be supplied to second supplier of the system is determined according to the detected first flow rate and determined first correction coefficient. A flow rate of gas containing the oxygen is adjusted according to the determined second flow rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the inventive fuel reforming system.
NOVELTY - Micro-tips are fabricated by depositing a first material on a substrate, and producing irregularities across a selected area on a surface of the deposited first material to provide increased uniformity of sites for forming the micro-tips. The irregularities are formed by swiping the surface with a polishing solution.    USE - For fabrication of micro-tips useful for electron sources, electron bonding, solar cells, optics, and flat panel display devices.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method allows the microtips to be produced in a controllable and repeatable manner. The produced microtips have uniform density, height, and shape.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fabrication of micro-tips involves depositing a first material on a substrate, and producing irregularities across a selected area on a surface of the deposited first material to provide increased uniformity of sites for forming the micro-tips. A second material is sputter deposited onto the surface of the first material, and the first material is etched. The irregularities are formed by swiping the surface with a polishing solution.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen occlusion alloy storage container has a hydrogen gas entrance (3) and is accommodated with a laminate of hydrogen occlusion alloy sheet (2, 2a) and metal porous sheet (1, 2b). The laminate is filled with hydrogen occlusion alloy powder and low melting alloy powder. Hydrogen which enters the container through the entrance is occluded by the hydrogen occlusion alloy.    USE - For purifying and supplying hydrogen to motor vehicles and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The combination of hydrogen occlusion alloy powder and low melting alloy powder sharply improves thermal conductivity of the container. Hydrogen supply to vehicles and fuel cells is accelerated from the storage container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the wound laminate of the hydrogen occlusion alloy accommodated in the container. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Metal porous sheet (1,2b)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy sheet (2,2a)    Gas entrance (3)    Gas outlet (3')
NOVELTY - A binder (2) is added to the titanium powder (1), and the mixture is sintered to form a sheet above the titanium fiber sheet (4).    USE - For manufacturing electric supply object (claimed) for electrolysis cell used in hydroacid generator for performing electrolysis of water.    ADVANTAGE - The sintered compact is obtained easily by eliminating need for high pressure application before sintering. Porosity of electric supply object can be adjusted easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electric supply object.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional views of laminated sheet article and fiber sheet.    Titanium powder (1)    Binder (2)    Titanium fiber sheet (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel oil contains 1.0 volume% or less of aromatic compound having 2 or more rings.    USE - In fuel cells used for manufacture of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Degradation by carbon precipitation during hydrogen production is prevented. Catalyst life is improved. Hydrogen is produced efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of fuel cell ingredient by contacting fuel oil with modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - A fuel oil for fuel cells contains less than 15 weight ppm of alkyl dibenzothiophene.    USE - For manufacture of liquid raw material for fuel cells by reforming process, and hydrogen used in fuel cells (claimed) used for consumer applications, industrial use and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the sulfur content of fuel oil is reduced by desulfurization, poisoning of reforming catalyst by sulfur in bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contained in fuel oil during production of hydrogen is prevented. Thereby, durability of the reforming catalyst is enhanced. Amount of desulfurizing agent used for desulfurization of the bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contained in fuel oil, is reduced. Liquid raw material and hydrogen are manufactured effectively using the fuel oil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Desulfurization of fuel oil; and (ii) Manufacture of liquid raw material for fuel cells which involves contacting fuel oil with a reforming catalyst after desulfurization of fuel oil.
NOVELTY - A fuel oil for kerosene group fuel cells contains 2 volume% (vol.%) or less of bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.    USE - For manufacture of liquid raw material by reforming process and hydrogen, used in fuel cells (claimed) used for consumer applications, industrial use and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the sulfur content of the fuel oil is reduced by desulfurization, poisoning of the reforming catalyst by sulfur contained in bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuel oil during production of hydrogen is prevented. Durability of the reforming catalyst is enhanced. The amount of desulfurizing agent used for desulfurization of the bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is reduced. Liquid raw material for fuel cells and hydrogen are manufactured effectively using the fuel oil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Desulfurization of fuel oil.    (2) Manufacture of liquid raw material for fuel cells by contacting fuel oil with a reforming catalyst, after desulfurization of the oil.
NOVELTY - The fuel oil consists of mixture of hydrocarbon compounds containing 90 volume percent or more of fractions having boiling point of 140-270degreesC. The molar ratio of carbon to hydrogen in the mixture is 0.5 or less. The fuel oil is free of aromatic compound.    USE - For fuel cell used for manufacturing liquid raw material of fuel cell (claimed) which is used for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacture of hydrogen with low carbon monoxide content is enabled without influencing reformed catalyst or fuel cell electrode. Since carbon monoxide content in hydrogen is low, the reforming of fuel oil is easy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) manufacture of fuel oil which involves catalytic hydro-treating JIS No.1 kerosene or its equivalent in presence of a catalyst at 200-400degreesC and at a pressure of 10-25 MPa; and    (ii) manufacture of liquid raw material for fuel cell which involves vaporizing fuel oil, contacting with reformed catalyst after mixing with water vapor and without performing de-sulfurization process.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage material consists of an organic compound having a carbonyl group into which hydrogen is introduced. A methylene group is contained between the two carbonyl groups of the organic compound. The Methylene and carbonyl group are alternately arranged in the hydrocarbon group organic compound.    USE - Used for fuel tanks of motor vehicles and chemical heat pump.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material can be used safely and efficiently under normal temperature and pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen storage method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen occlusion in the hydrogen storage method and the enlarged surface of the metal plate which has hydrogen permeability. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A cylindrical pipeline (46) having multiple rows of gas outlets (54a-54e) on its periphery, is fixed integrally at the center section of modification catalyst layers (44a-44e). The reformer has several flow paths (48a-48e) one end of which is connected to cylindrical pipeline and the other to periphery of modification catalyst layer, to guide fuel for reforming.    USE - For forming reformed gas containing hydrogen in fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel for reforming is supplied smoothly and reliably to each modification catalyst layer, by provision of flow paths.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory diagram of modifier with the fuel reformer.    Modification catalyst layers (44a-44e)    Pipeline (46)    Flow paths (48a-48e)    Gas outlets (54a-54e)
NOVELTY - An interconnector (8) is formed on an air pole (7) and baked. The interconnector is made up of a material composition La1-xMxCrO3. M = Ca or Sr.    USE - Interconnector formation for air pole in manufacture of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Presence of interconnector reduces frequency of baking of air pole. Thereby, reducing manufacturing cost and improving product yield of high performance solid electrolyte fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of structure of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel battery.    Air pole (7)    Interconnector (8)
NOVELTY - Production of a hydrogen separation membrane (1a-1c) involves forming a hydrogen separation membrane made of a thin film of palladium alloy on a base material and removing the palladium group hydrogen separation membrane from the base material. The palladium group hydrogen separation membrane carries out permeation separation of hydrogen from hydrogen-containing gas.    USE - For the separation of hydrogen from natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha and paraffin oil. Hydrogen is used in a fuel cell, in the production of semiconductors, in the production of fats and oils and in petroleum refining.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen separation membrane is manufactured economically in various shapes without using a support. The hydrogen separation membrane is free from defects, and has high permeability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic perspective view of the hydrogen separation membrane. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation membrane (1a-1c)
NOVELTY - A metal electrode is formed on the surface of a polyimide film having a coefficient of thermal expansion of -10 to 10 ppm/degree degreesC and a Young's modulus of 700 kg/mm2 or more. An amorphous silicon layer is formed on the metal electrode. A transparent electrode is formed on the amorphous silicon layer.    USE - The method efficiently produces the substrate for use in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has flexibility and is capable of bending. No crack is observed in producing or handling the substrate. The results exhibit superior handling, and invite no distortion in a substrate base, no curling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyimide film consists of a polyimide having structural units of formula (I) and formula (II).    R1, R2 = selected from group of formula (3);    R3 = 6C or more-aromatic group;    mol ratio of X:Y = 100-20:0-80.
NOVELTY - The speed of the ribbon feeder (5) which is provided on both sides of ribbon silicon wafer (3), and string feeder (6) which sends out string to the crucible from lower portion of crucible, are suitably controlled.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The defect by the excessive thermal stress and cooling process is prevented by controlling the temperature of contact surface. Quality is improved by effecting crystallization of the silicon using ring-like string. The possibility of mixing of impurities by contact with dissimilar material is restrained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heater provided under the ribbon feeder controls the contact surface temperature of the ribbon feeder and ribbon silicon wafer. The flow generator provided in the crucible generates flow of molten silicon in the crucible. The ring-like string made out of two rings or four rings, are provided between the tanks in the crucible (1). The ribbon silicon wafer is passed through the melting silicon and the crystalline silicon is pulled up by rotating the ring-like string. The nozzle supplies air at the meniscus limit of crystalline silicon and melting silicon on both sides. The ribbon is cut aslant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of ribbon silicon wafer for solar batteries.    Crucible (1)    Ribbon silicon wafer (3)    Ribbon feeder (5)    String feeder (6)
NOVELTY - Film formation chamber (101) is provided in a vacuum vessel (303). A strip-shaped substrate (300) is passed continuously through a discharge area provided inside the film formation chamber. A thin film is formed continuously on the substrate. An opening adjustment unit (100) provided with a groove (103) is arranged in the film formation chamber so that entry and exit of the substrate are performed.    USE - For forming film continuously on surface of strip-shaped substrate of photovoltaic cell used in manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage to the film deposit formed on the processed substance by avoiding contact of substrate with the opening adjustment unit. Improves the uniformity of film deposit formed on the substrate by preventing effectively leakage of gas, electromagnetic wave and plasma leak from the film forming chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The groove on the surface of the opening adjustment unit, is formed parallel to the conveying direction of the substrate and has depth more than the thickness of the strip-shaped substrate. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for film formation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional drawing of vacuum vessel provided with opening adjustment unit. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    opening adjustment member (100)    film formation chamber (101)    groove (103)    strip-shaped substrate (300)    vacuum vessel (303)
NOVELTY - Coating material is applied on the rectangular glass or quartz substrate by baking. Electrodes (8a,8b) are made to contact the baked surface at both ends of substrate, to cover whole length. Conductive film (2) is formed by applying voltage across the baked surface.    USE - For forming transparent electrically conductive film on substrate of solar battery, infrared rays reflective glass, display device e.g. LCD, plasma display.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces resistance of film by forming film using baking process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the outline of the vacuum reactor used for baking process. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    conductive film (2)    electrodes (8a, 8b)
NOVELTY - Carbon foam for use in fuel cell is produced in process comprising: (a) production of polyimide foam; and (b) pyrolysis of produced polyimide foam at 1000 degreesC.    USE - In fuel cells producing electricity, heat and by-product - water.    ADVANTAGE - Use of carbon foam according to invention improves efficacy of fuel cell and its resistance to oxidation problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell comprising layers of carbon foam (Mc) obtained using process as claimed and structure consisting of electrode, membrane (M) and another electrode (EME).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing represents fuel cell according to invention.    Carbon foam (Mc)    Bipolar plates (Pi, Pi + 1)    Electrolyte (M)    Frame (Cd)    Carbon fabric (C1)    Platinum-based catalyst (Ct)
NOVELTY - Process for melting metals and semi-metals in a mold (6) and solidifying the melt in the mold comprises using a cooling device (19) arranged below a base heating device (8). During the melting period, a slide (18) is inserted between the base heating device and the cooling device, and during a part of the solidification period, the slide is removed in the horizontal direction.    USE - Used in the production of wafers for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is reproducible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a crystallization chamber for melting metals and semi-metals in a mold and solidifying the melt in the mold.    The base heating device is preferably switched off during at least one part of the solidification phase. After melting a first charge, a following charge is post-charged to fill the mold. The following charge is pre-heated by waste heat from the mold.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a vertical section through a crystallization chamber.    Mold (6)    Base heating device (8)    Slide (18)    Cooling device (19)
NOVELTY - Silicon crystal has a doping made of aluminum, gallium and/or indium.    USE - Used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - A high value silicon crystal is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the silicon crystal comprising pulling the crystal from a quartz crucible containing a melt with a doping of aluminum, gallium and/or indium using a Czochralski method; and charging the melt with a new silicon material and/or dopant so that the doping differences in the crystal remain in the prescribed limits.
NOVELTY - An acid-base polymer blend membrane comprises (a) at least one polymeric acid with SO3H, PO3H2, COOH, or B(OH)2 groups and (b) at least one polymeric base (I) with a specific proton conductivity of at least 10-5 Scm.    USE - The membrane is used in the production of electrical energy (claimed), as components fuel cell membranes (hydrogen or direct methanol fuel cells) at 0-180 degrees C (claimed), in electrochemical cells, secondary batteries, electrolysis cells, in membrane separation processes, e.g. gas separation, pervaporation, perstraction (sic), reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and diffusion dialysis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membranes have increased specific proton conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (i) the preparation of a polymer blend membrane by mixing at least one polymeric acid with SO3X, PO3X, COOX, or B(OX)2 groups, where X = H or a mono-, di-, tri-, or quadrivalent metal cation and at lest one polymeric base (I) of specific proton conductivity of at least 10-5 Scm in a dipolar-aprotic solvent, especially N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, or sulfolanes to give a polymer solution; and    (ii) thin films drawn from the polymer solution onto a base, especially a glass, metal plate, fabric, fleece, or a porous polymer membrane, where the solvent is evaporated under normal pressure at 80-150 degrees C or under vacuum, and the thin film is post-treated in the following steps, where optionally step (a) and/or step (b), and/or step (c) can be omitted: (a) in water at 50-100 degrees C; (b) in 1-100% mineral acid, especially a hydrogen halide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, at 50-100 degrees C; (c) in 1-50% aqueous liquor, especially ammonia solution, amine solution, NaOH, KOH, Na carbonate solution, Ca or Ba hydroxide solution, and (d) in water at the region of 100 degrees C.
NOVELTY - A fuel for use in fuel cells comprises a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, which is in a gaseous state at ordinary temperatures, and 60 mole % or more of saturated components, 40 mole% or less of olefin, 0.5 mole% or less of butadiene and 0.1 mole% or more of a saturated iso-paraffin having 4 or more carbon atoms.    USE - The fuel is for fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel generates increased energy output for its weight and for the amount of CO2 generated, it has an improved fuel consumption, a decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as storage stability and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating.
NOVELTY - Tubular reactor (50) for catalyzing reaction of hydrogen and gaseous oxidant comprises elongate housing (51) filled with porous catalyst. The elongate housing has separate inlet for gaseous fuel and oxidant at one end. The catalyst promotes combustion between fuel and oxidant to generate heat and moisture and hot humidified gas exits through outlet provided at other end of housing.    USE - Catalyzing reactions of hydrogen and gaseous oxidant.    ADVANTAGE - The tubular reactor can be economically manufactured and has improved design which provides better performance characteristics. The tubular rector is elongate and suited for closed systems when compared to reactor beds. The tubular reactor has relatively large area for gas flow which reduces gas velocity and ensures favorable residence time for complete combustion as effected by catalytic reactor bed. The purging of hydrogen gas into fuel stack is controlled by solenoid valve so accumulation of contaminant in hydrogen fuel is prevented and the hydrogen obtained from outlet can be recycled for consumption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) fuel cell system; and    (b) fuel cell system operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective and side view of tubular reactor.    Tubular reactor (50)    Housing (51)
NOVELTY - A preferential oxidation catalyst is prepared by impregnating an alumina carrier having a low density and a high porosity with a source of ruthenium to provide ruthenium-containing composition having a ruthenium of 0.5-3 wt.%. The ruthenium-containing composition is reduced.    USE - The inventive method is for preparation of preferential oxidation catalyst used in preparing fuel gas stream for fuel cells, particularly for polymer electrode membrane fuel cells. The fuel cell is used in vehicle industry, i.e. for providing electro-fraction in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst of the invention can reduce the carbon monoxide in the prefox effluent to less than 50 ppm-vol at below 180 degrees C, particularly 160 degrees C.
NOVELTY - Water is distributed in an array including electrochemical fuel cell stacks by periodically reversing the oxidant stream flow direction within oxidant passages within at least one of the fuel cell stacks.    USE - The invention is used for distributing water in an array including electrochemical fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - The invention improves water management in an array of electrochemical fuel cell stacks.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Distribution of water in an array including electrochemical fuel cell stacks, involves utilizing water accumulating in an oxidant stream flowing through the fuel cell stacks by periodically reversing the oxidant stream flow direction within oxidant passages within at least one of the fuel cell stacks. The oxidant stream flow direction within at least one of the fuel cell stacks is reversed without simultaneously reversing the oxidant stream flow direction in each of the fuel cell stacks. Each of the fuel cell stacks includes at least one fuel cell assembly including an ion-exchange membrane interposed between a cathode and an anode.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell array including electrochemical fuel cell stacks. Each of the fuel cell stacks includes at least one fuel cell assembly. The array also includes an oxidant stream flow switching device (150).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell assembly.    Oxidant stream flow switching device (150)
NOVELTY - The de-sulfurizing apparatus has a tank (1) for supplying raw material oil. A preheater (2) heats the oil and a de-sulfurizer (3) de-sulfurizes the oil. The de-sulfurized oil is vaporized by a vaporizer (4) and is supplied to a modifier. The raw material oil is kerosene.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - De-sulfurization is effectively performed and the de-sulfurized oil is used for long duration. The vaporized gas is supplied to a modifier and hydrogen production is efficiently performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for de-sulfurizing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the de-sulfurizing apparatus for fuel cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tank (1)    Preheater (2)    De-sulfurizer (3)    Vaporizer (4)
NOVELTY - The de-sulfurizing agent contains a support comprising at least one element of XVII group.    USE - For de-sulfurizing petroleum group hydrocarbons e.g. kerosene. The de-sulfurized petroleum group hydrocarbon is used for manufacturing fuel cell water ingredient (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The sulfur contained in petroleum group hydrocarbon is removed effectively. The de-sulfurizing agent has excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) de-sulfurization of petroleum group hydrocarbon using de-sulfurizing agent;    (ii) manufacture of fuel cell water ingredient by contacting petroleum group hydrocarbon with water vapor modified catalyst after de-sulfurization.
NOVELTY - Deoxygenation membrane module comprises separation membrane made of inorganic material, interposed between inlet (1) and discharge port. The separation member has greater permeability to oxygen gas molecule than nitrogen gas molecule. Air is introduced through inlet, and oxygen enriched air (10) having oxygen concentration of 24-70 volume percent is ejected.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed) such as phosphate type fuel cell used as power source for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The deoxygenation membrane module has favorable thermal resistance, hence improves electricity generation efficiency of fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell including the deoxygenation membrane module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of deoxygenation membrane module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Inlet (1)    Oxygen enriched air (10)
NOVELTY - The strap (1) has several solar panels formed on its entire outer surface, and a connecting terminal connected to the mobile telephone (2). The solar power generated by solar panels is supplied to the charging circuit of mobile telephone.    USE - Strap for mobile telephones, which generates solar power using solar panels for pre-power supply to telephones.    ADVANTAGE - Since charging of mobile telephone is performed by solar power generated by solar panels provided in the strap, need for spare battery and battery charger is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the strap along with mobile telephone. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Strap (1)    Mobile telephone (2)
NOVELTY - The regenerating apparatus has a degradation detection unit (52) to detect deterioration of hydrogen accumulation alloy (MH2) by adhesion of impurities, and a residual amount detection unit (52) to detect residual hydrogen present/occluded in hydrogen reservoir. A heater (56) heats alloy (MH2) so that impurities are removed, based on the signal from detection units (52).    USE - For regenerating hydrogen accumulation alloy which occludes and releases hydrogen from modifier, used in fuel cell operating system.    ADVANTAGE - The regenerating apparatus improves life of hydrogen accumulation alloy in fuel cell operating system, by inexpensive method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell operating system comprises a modifier (3) which forms hydrogen from raw materials such as alcohol and gasoline, a hydrogen reservoir (51) containing hydrogen occlusion alloy (MH2) which occludes and releases hydrogen formed by modifier, an alloy regenerating system, and a fuel cell (2) into which hydrogen released from the reservoir is supplied.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of fuel cell operating system. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Modifier (3)    Hydrogen reservoir (51)    Degradation detection unit (52)    Heater (56)
NOVELTY - Vinyl house (1) has plant cultivation space (PCS), electrolyzer (14) for electrolyzing water to oxygen and hydrogen, and modifier (11) to produce natural gas, hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2). Fuel cell (10) forms electrical and heat energy by reacting hydrogen produced in modifier, and oxygen. CO2 generated in modifier, and energy generated by cell are supplied to PCS, to adjust cultivation environment.    USE - For agriculture.    ADVANTAGE - Effective consumption of energy is enabled by using together the fuel cell, solar battery and wind power apparatus. The cultivation environment for plant growth is adjusted effectively, in vinyl house.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The vinyl house comprises a plant cultivation space surrounded by vinyl film, solar battery, electrolyzer which carries out electrolysis of water to oxygen and hydrogen, using the electrical energy generated by the solar battery. The modifier produces natural gas, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and fuel cell forms electrical energy and heat energy by reacting hydrogen produced in the modifier, and oxygen. The hydrogen reservoir stores the hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer and modifier. The carbon dioxide generated in the modifier and the electrical energy and heat energy generated by the fuel cell are supplied to plant cultivation space to adjust the cultivation environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of vinyl house for agriculture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Vinyl house (1)    Main power supply (8)    Fuel cell (10)    Modifier (11)    Electrolyzer (14)    Oxygen reservoir (22)    Wind power apparatus (26)
NOVELTY - The oxidation catalyst contains ruthenium, platinum and at least one compound of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal. The amount of alkali, alkaline earth or rare earth metal (obtained by conversion of their respective compound in the catalyst) is 0.1-3 wt.%.    USE - For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in methanol reformed gas, used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation catalyst selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide in large temperature range. The oxygen transfer capability in the catalyst is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of carbon monoxide (CO) removal which involves contacting mixed gas of methanol reformed gas and oxidation gas containing oxygen with the selective oxidation catalyst. CO is selectively oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2), therefore the CO in methanol is selectively removed.
NOVELTY - Curable composition comprises (A) an organic polymer bearing at least one alkenyl group capable of hydrosilylation reaction, (B) a curative bearing at least two hydrosilyl groups in the molecule, (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst and (D) a compound bearing a vinylsiloxane backbone.    USE - The curable resin compositions are useful for gasket-sealing materials for capacitors, lithium batteries, fuel cells, batteries, chemical plants, engines and fuel tanks, sealing materials for buildings, gasket materials for housetop waterproofing and outdoor members, pipes, boxes for electric circuit sealing, lids for industrial and food cans and bottles, packings for inks, surface-protective coats for electric circuits, card materials for IC cards, surface- coating materials for aluminum packings for fuel batteries, soundproof and vibration-damping materials and sealing materials for pipes and joints passing hydrogen or oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - The curable compositions using an addition type curing system have a long pot life at room temperature and rapid curing characteristics in a practical temperature range and can give cured composition with low moisture permeability, low moisture absorption, low gas permeability, heat and weather resistance, electro insulation properties and vibration damping properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Curable composition comprises:    (A) an organic polymer bearing at least one alkenyl group capable of hydrosilylation reaction;    (B) a curative bearing at least two hydrosilyl groups in the molecule;    (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst; and    (D) a compound bearing a vinylsiloxane backbone of formula (I).    m, r = at least 2;    n, s = at least 0;    (m+n) = 2-5;    (r+s) = 2 - 4; and    R = methyl or vinyl.
NOVELTY - Reactive gas introduced inside a vacuum chamber (1) is decompressed to generate plasma state and cathode is attached to processed substrate (10) in the chamber. Cathode is coupled to HF power supply (12) through a matching box (11). The box containing matching surface, is positioned on the outer wall surface of the chamber at cathode side to form an earthing path symmetrical about the main axis passing through the cathode and anode.    USE - For etching large-sized solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to perform etching of the substrate of large area and to manufacture solar battery having excellent transformation efficiency at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the parallel plate-type reactive ion etching apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Vacuum chamber (1)    Substrate (10)    Matching box (11)    High frequency power supply (12)
NOVELTY - Bottom cell (2) is configured on germanium substrate (5) and a tunnel joining layer (3) is formed on its surface. The tunnel joining layer has N+ AlInP impurity trapping layer (11), N+ indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) layer (12), P+ InGaP layer (13) and P+ aluminum indium phosphide (AlInP) impurity trapping layer (14). Top cell (1) is formed on the P+ AlInP impurity trapping layer.    USE - Multijunction type solar battery with tunnel diode.    ADVANTAGE - By forming AlInP layer as optimal impurity trapping layer, occurrence of crystal defects such as misfit transfer is suppressed. The solar battery prevents modification of impurity element to adjacent semiconductor layer. Also the solar battery has excellent mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The N+AlInP impurity trapping layer and P+AlInP impurity trapping layer have composition of formula (I) such that 0.45 at most y at most 0.55.    The P+InGaP layer has composition of formula (II) such that 0.45 at most x at most 0.55.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for tunnel diode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of multijunction type solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Top cell (1)    Bottom cell (2)    Tunnel joining layer (3)    Germanium substrate (5)    N+AlInP impurity trapping layer (11)    N+InGaP layer (12)    P+InGaP layer (13)    P+AlInP impurity trapping layer (14)
NOVELTY - The composition includes metal and glass powder as basic elements. Then 0.001-5.0 wt.parts of additive agents chosen from among boron, chrome and palladium chloride, are mixed to 100 wt.parts of metal and glass powder. This composition is baked to form electrode.    USE - For formation of electrodes in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Eases formation of reflection prevention layer in solar battery without need for complicated processes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery.
NOVELTY - Crucibles (32) in deposition room (12) dissolves raw material pellet (P) supplied by supply mechanism (20) for forming an electrode layer. A dissolution mechanism (40) melts pellet by heating.    USE - For forming electrode layer used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables improving yield of raw material to form electrode layer. Since it does not require maintenance, installation operation rate improves, because supply mechanism supplies raw material for long duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A holder maintains the workpiece (W) in a deposition room. A high frequency current is supplied from variable power source (54) to cathode electrode (14) provided in holder and ring electrode (52), which is provided between cathode electrode and crucible. A generator (50) converts dissolved raw material in crucible to ion vapor. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for ion plating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the cross-sectional block diagram of ion plating apparatus. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    deposition room (12)    cathode electrode (14)    supply mechanism (20)    crucible (32)    dissolution mechanism (40)    generator (50)    ring electrode (52)    variable power source (54)    workpiece (W)
NOVELTY - Silicon group thin film photoelectric-conversion apparatus has conversion unit (111) comprising semiconductor layer (SC) (104), silicon group thin film conversion layer (105) and SC (106) (unlike conventional conversion unit comprising only first semiconductor layer(s)), on substrate (101). Refractive index of (104,106) containing 5-50 volume% of components, depends on volume fraction of components.    USE - For use in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The conversion apparatus exhibits improved performance characteristics. Multiple reflection of conductive layer is restrained by suitably controlling the volume fraction of components contained in the layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of photoelectric-conversion apparatus.    Substrate (101)    Metal thin film (102)    Transparent electroconductive thin film (103)    First semiconductor layer (104)    Conversion layer (105)    Second semiconductor layer (106)    Photoelectric conversion unit (111)
NOVELTY - The thin-film solar battery comprises substrate (1), reverse-side electrode (2a) containing metal film or metal silicide film, semiconductor layers (3-5) of different conductivity and a table electrode (7), which are sequentially laminated. A titanium nitride film (TiN) (2b) is formed on the surface of reverse-side electrode (2a).    USE - As solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The production of solar battery is economical. Etching of TiN film is prevented and the TiN film is used as high heat-resistant diffusion barrier. The thickness of the TiN is set to 20 nm or less and hence the reflecting characteristics of reverse-side electrode is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of thin-film solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Reverse-side electrode (2a)    Titanium nitride film (2b)    Semiconductor layers (3-5)    Table electrode (7)
NOVELTY - A crystal semiconductor layer (6) is formed on another crystal semiconductor layer (4). The crystal semiconductor layer has a rough surface.    USE - In e.g. solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacturing cost is reduced while apparatus for maintenance and management of waste liquid processing is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Solar battery element;    (b) Semiconductor device manufacturing method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Crystal semiconductor layers (4,6)
NOVELTY - The method involves thermally activating silane group raw material gas in the presence of gas having chemical etching property at 200-500 degrees C by a heated base to obtain a semiconductor base material essentially containing silicon. Gas having chemical etching property is chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and interhalogen compounds such as ClF3, BrF3, ClF, BrF and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).    USE - For manufacture of electronic devices including solar battery, flat surface display devices and transistor.    ADVANTAGE - Polycrystalline silicon group semiconductor base material exhibiting excellent crystallinity even below 500 degrees C is obtained. Silicon group raw material gas is selectively decomposed only near the substrate. Since adherence of sediments and particles to inner walls of chemical vapor deposition apparatus is prevented, the defect formation and contamination are minimized. Since crystallization is promoted by etching property gas and decomposition of raw material gas in the gaseous phase is suppressed, manufacture of semiconductor base material is simplified. Since the deposition of silicon group crystalline semiconductor is possible at pressure of 10 torr or more, non-uniformity of the base temperature is restrained and the crystallization rate is high. Thin film transistor of high mobility is produced. The polycrystalline silicon-germanium film is formed on a glass substrate even below 500 degrees C.
NOVELTY - New lanthanum-molybdenum oxide derivatives are claimed.    USE - The compound is used as an ionic conductor in devices such as oxygen probes, fuel cells, chemical membrane reactors, electrochemical cells and nitrogen oxide sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The compound has the property of being an ionic conductor and more particular as an anionic conductor that has numerous applications. The compound can be produced as a powder and may be sintered or extruded to form a variety of shapes to suit particular applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A compound of formula A2-xA'xB2-yB'yO9-z+deltaXz is claimed. The compound exhibits a cationic network of the cubic or pseudo-cubic beta-SnWO4 type.    A = trivalent rare earth element,    A' = monovalent alkaline element, or divalent element selected from alkaline earths, tin, lead, samarium, europium, erbium, thulium or ytterbium, or quadrivalent element selected from thorium, uranium, Group IVA elements, cerium, praseodymium and terbium,    B = hexavalent element of Groups VIA, VIIA, VIII or VIB with the exception of oxygen,    B' = at least one from lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, yttrium, rare earth of atomic number 63-71, group, IVA and IIB elements in an oxidation state less than 6, AlIII, SiIV, GaIII, GeIV, InIII, SnIV, PIV, SbV and BiV;    X = anion of sulfur, fluorine or chlorine;    x = 0 to less than 2;    y = 0 to less than 2;    z = 0-3.    When A is lanthanum and B is tungsten or molybdenum at least one of x, y or z is different to 0. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the utilization of the compound as an ionic conductor and for a device using the compound.
NOVELTY - Process for operating a fuel cell system recycles water contained in the moist exhaust air stream. The water is removed by absorption and then released by desorption and fed at least partially back into the fuel cell system.    USE - Used for an electromotor.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system can be operated at low pressure (atmospheric pressure). An external water supply is almost completely not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system having a device for recycling the water contained in the moist exhaust air stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device for recycling water in a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)    Absorber unit (15)    Desorber unit (16)
NOVELTY - A silicon-based thin film is formed by high frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition (HFPCVD) using a source gas that contains a silicon halide and hydrogen.    USE - Formation of a silicon-based thin film which is useful for i-type semiconductor layer(s) of a photovoltaic element (claimed) e.g. solar cell or sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables the formation of silicon-based thin films having less amorphous area and large crystallizing ratio at lower temperature and reduced cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silicon-based thin film is formed by high frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition using a source gas which comprises a silicon halide and hydrogen. The value of Q as defined by equation (1).    Q = Po x (P/S/d) at least 50 (1)    Po is the supplied power;    S is the area of a high frequency introducing-electrode;    d is the distance between the high frequency introducing-electrode and a substrate; and    P is pressure.
NOVELTY - A shield cover (9) made of heat insulating material, covers a rotatable cooler (1) which cools the silicon melting crucible (3).    USE - For manufacturing silicon sheet used in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of shield cover ensures uniform distribution of temperature and hence conversion efficiency is enhanced. Unnecessary heating up of coolant gas by heater is prevented due to provision of the shield. Silicon sheet of uniform thickness is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufactured using silicon sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the silicon sheet manufacturing apparatus.    Rotatable cooler (1)    Silicon melting crucible (3)    Shield cover (9)
NOVELTY - The desulfurizing agent comprises a support containing at least nickel component. 95 weight% or more of nickel metal is present in total content of the nickel component.    USE - For petroleum group hydrocarbons e.g. kerosene and fuel cells used in industries, motor vehicles etc.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizing agent effectively desulfurizes even low contents of sulfur contained in petroleum group hydrocarbon for long period. Fuel cell is effectively manufactured by carrying out the steam reforming process of treated desulfurized kerosene using the desulfurization agent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The raw material oil containing desulfurized naphtha, alcohol, town gas or liquefied petroleum gas, is contacted with nickel group desulfurizing agent containing 30 weight% or more of metal nickel. Desulfurization is carried out such that sulfur content is maintained less than 20 weight ppb.    USE - For fuel cells in motor vehicles and for consumer applications and industrial use.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient manufacture of fuel oil with minimum sulfur concentration utilized for hydrogen formation for fuel cells mounted in motor vehicles. The manufactured fuel oil can be efficiently utilized in the continuous operation of modification processing apparatus for fuel cells, for prolonged period.
NOVELTY - Desulfurizing agent for petroleum group hydrocarbon, comprises a support containing iron.    USE - For removing sulfur content, such as mercaptan, sulfide, di-sulfide, thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, in petroleum group hydrocarbon such as kerosene.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizing agent effectively removes sulfur content whose concentration is very low, in petroleum group hydrocarbon. The desulfurizing agent has high durability for long period of time. Modification catalyst utilized in the process is maintained for prolonged time. Manufacture of fuel cell element is performed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a desulfurization of petroleum group hydrocarbon; and    (b) a manufacture of fuel cell element.
NOVELTY - A porous ceramic hydrogen column (3) having silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) alloy layer (3a) of thickness 10-30 microns in its internal circumference is fixed to a metal fixing unit (6) through a metallic layer (8) with Ag-Cu-Ti alloy of thickness 5-60 microns and a brazing material layer (9) in a furnace. The melting point of the brazing material layer is less than that of the Ag-Pd alloy and more than 700 degreesC.    USE - For generating hydrogen from methanol etc for hydrogen fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Bonding strength degradation of hydrogen column is prevented even in high temperature environments (more than 500 degreesC). Avoids damage caused to the reformer due to vibration, thereby improving life span.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view of the fixing unit and hydrogen column.    Porous ceramic hydrogen column (3)    Ag-Pd alloy layer (3a)    Metal fixing unit (6)    Metallic layer (8)    Brazing material layer (9)
NOVELTY - The de-sulfurizing agent has a ratio (A/B) of 1 or less, by X-ray diffraction measurement (Cu-K alpha-rays, 1.5418 Angstrom ), A and B are strength of diffraction line appearing at 2theta = 7-15degrees, and 2theta = 40-50degrees, respectively.    USE - For fuel cells used in consumer applications, industries and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Sulfur content in petroleum group hydrocarbons used in fuel cells is effectively absorbed and removed. De-sulfurized property of the hydrocarbon is maintained for long duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen manufacture used for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A modifier (3) converts original fuel supplied from an original fuel tank (2) into a hydrogen rich reformed gas. A fuel cell (4) uses hydrogen in converted reformed gas as the fuel, for power generation. The waste heat delivered from the fuel cell and modifier are collected and stored in the original fuel tank itself.    USE - For fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Since separate arrangement of thermal storage tank is eliminated, size of co-generation system is reduced, thus installation of co-generation system in residence of city area is possible. Since waste heat is stored in original fuel tank, kerosene is pre-heated in original fuel tank itself. Thus, thermal efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell co-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel tank (2)    Modifier (3)    Fuel cell (4)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen occlusion material consists of binary alloy of strontium and aluminum (SrAl2).    USE - For fuel cell of motor vehicles, nickel hydrogen battery, hydrogen storage apparatus, hydrogen motor vehicle, hydrogen refiner, heat pump, power transformation system and catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occlusion material has high hydrogen occlusion characteristics. Fuel consumption is reduced. Transport and storage of hydrogen is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for novel metal hydride of composition SrAl2H2-4.
NOVELTY - An evaporator (22), a modifier (26), a combustor and carbon monoxide (CO) selective oxidation device are integrally accommodated in a casing (44). The casing also has fuel reforming chamber (40) and gas passageway (42) between each component.    USE - Fuel reformer for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since fuel reforming chamber and gas passageway between each component are provided in the casing, the structure of the whole fuel reformer is simplified. As the evaporator, modifier, combustor and CO selective oxidation device are integrally accommodated in the casing, size reduction is attained easily. Fuel reformer can be manufactured economically. Installation space is made narrow, so that effective utilization of space is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded isometric view of the fuel reformer.    Evaporator (22)    Modifier (26)    Fuel reforming chamber (40)    Gas passage way (42)    Casing (44)
NOVELTY - A metallic oxide structure has two or more metallic oxide layers which are laminated and has protrusions on its surface. The ratio of length to diameter of a protrusion along its cross-section is 1 or more and its diameter based on circle conversion is 0.01-10000 microns.    USE - As an insulator, conductive material, solid electrolyte, fluorescent display tube, electroluminescent device, ceramic capacitor, actuator, laser oscillation element, cold cathode element, ferroelectric memory, piezoelectric material, thermistor or varistor. The metallic oxide structure is used as a catalyst in a surface improving agent, gas phase and liquid phase sensor materials, for optical elements, electronic material, electromagnetic shielding agent, optical dielectric, optical switch, photosensor, solar battery, optical wavelength conversion element, optical absorption filter, thermosensor, gas sensor, gas modification agent, surface protection agent, anti-reflection agent, anti-microbe and anti-fouling agent.    ADVANTAGE - The metallic oxides are laminated in a narrow area therefore the surface area is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the metallic oxide structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Substrate (50) is arranged on electrode (3). U-shaped cover (23) which acts as electrode (2) is arranged without contacting electrode (3) and substrate by maintaining a preset space (25). Inlets (4,26) are coupled to exhaust ports (5,27) formed by cover, between cover and substrate. The cover forms main gas passageway (FR) for plasma treatment such that abrupt change is not applied to gas flow between inlet and exhaust ports.    USE - For performing silicon film forming, processing, surface using plasma manufacture thin film silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables improving the speed high quality and uniform plasma treatment is enabled for substrate of large surface area by the uniform plasma flow across the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the plasma processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of the plasma processing apparatus.    Electrodes (2,3)    Inlets (4,26)    Exhaust ports (5,27)    Cover (23)    Space (25)    Substrate (50)    Gas passageway (FR)
NOVELTY - In carrying exothermic reaction(s) and endothermic reaction(s) in a single reactor housing, the reactions are carried out (partly) in separate zones in the same fluid stream, which passes along a plate-type partition (partly) coated with catalyst, where it (partly) reacts, then turns at least at one end of the partition and reacts further along the other side of the partition, such that the total heat change in reactions occurring on the front is balanced by that on the back.    USE - The process is used for reforming methanol and/or producing hydrogen (H2) by exothermic oxidation on one side and steam reforming on the back of the plate; the reactor is used for recovering H2 and/or producing synthesis gas from methanol or hydrocarbons; and the process and reactor are used for recovering H2 in mobile reactor systems for providing fuel cells with H2 (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method of carrying out exothermic and endothermic catalytic reactions makes it possible to optimize thermal control by thermal coupling of the 2 types of reaction. It uses a very simple reactor with very efficient heat exchange between the 2 reactions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the reactor used in the above process, comprising plate-type partition(s), coated with catalyst(s), at least in some zones and consisting of a material with good heat conductance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective and schematic view of the catalytic plate reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reactor housing (1)    Plates (3)    Reaction gases (5)    Reaction zones (7, 11)    Fluid stream turned at end of plate (9)    Outlet (13)    Heat flow (15)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a porous semiconductor layer in which a dye is adsorbed and an electrolyte. The porous semiconductor layer and the electrolyte are between a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of a transparent substrate and a conductive substrate. The electrolyte is retained in a crosslinked polymer compound.    USE - As dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the crosslinked polymer compound provides a dye-sensitized solar cell including a polyelectrolyte having excellent retention of the solution and a favorable mechanical strength. The invention has a performance equivalent to a solar cell utilizing an electrolyte solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising:    (a) forming a transparent conductive film on a surface of a transparent substrate;    (b) forming a porous semiconductor layer on a surface of the transparent conductive film;    (c) impregnating a dye solution in the porous semiconductor layer;    (d) impregnating a solution containing units capable of forming a crosslinked polymer compound through polymerization in the porous semiconductor layer to form a polymer compound on the surface and in the inside of the porous semiconductor layer;    (e) impregnating an electrolyte solution in the polymer compound to form an electrolyte; and    (f) placing a conductive substrate and sealing a circumference portion.
NOVELTY - A new polymer, comprises triaryl amine monomers.    USE - For use as a hole transport layer in a light emitting device, as a component of a photorefractive material, or as a component for wide-bandgap semiconductor for a solid state electrolyte in a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive polymer is soluble in common organic solvents, is crosslinkable, and exhibits a high glass transition temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer comprises triaryl amine monomers of formula (I).    N(Ar1)(Ar2)(Ar3) (I)    Ar1-Ar3 = optionally substituted aryl or fused ring aromatic consisting aryl, where one is vinylated phenyl.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polymerizable monomer comprising a triaryl amine of formula (I), a linking group, and a cyclic olefin that is capable of undergoing a ring-opening polymerization reaction.
NOVELTY - A cylindrical tank (4) for storage of a roll of hydrogen occlusion alloy sheet has a hydrogen gas inlet (3) and outlet (3'). The roll consists of porous metallic heating sheets interposed between sheets applied with hydrogen occlusion alloy powder.    USE - For fuel cell in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Speeds up release of hydrogen by hydrogen occlusion alloy sheet roll at the time of start-up of fuel cell, because porous metallic heating sheets are laminated to the sheet applied with hydrogen occlusion alloy powder. Eases start-up and acceleration of vehicle, by quick release of occluded hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of storage state of hydrogen occlusion alloy sheet. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Inlet (3)    Outlet (3')    Cylindrical tank (4)
NOVELTY - A gas flow controller (5) provided under cell (C), increases the amount of fuel electrode gas flowing through a path (f), such that oxygen concentration of gas is high, when detected by oxygen concentration detector (S).    USE - Fuel cell for power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Increase in efficiency and reduction of damage to fuel cell are realized, by increasing fuel electrode gas flow.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas flow controller (5)    Cell (C)    Path (f)    Oxygen concentration detector (S)
NOVELTY - Air is supplied to a fuel cell (2) and electrical and heat energies are generated by the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen in the air. An electrolytic cell (3) coupled to wind power generator (8) and solar battery (9), electrolyzes the water, and the hydrogen generated by electrolysis is occluded with a hydrogen cylinder (4). Electricity is generated continuously using energy from fuel cell, wind power generator and solar battery.    USE - Fuel cell based co-generation system for use in remote places e.g. meteorological station, mountainous regions where the electric power from electromagnetic wave repeaters supplied by main power supply is not obtained.    ADVANTAGE - Since supply of air to fuel cell is supplemented with the hydrogen stored in hydrogen reservoir during data time, in rainy season or night time, two hours independent operation is enabled without replenishment of external energy and without causing environmental pollution. Since the exhaust heat of fuel cell is utilized, energy conservation is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel cell based co-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Electrolytic cell (3)    Hydrogen cylinder (4)    Wind power generator (8)    Solar battery (9)
NOVELTY - An alloy for hydrogen permeation film consists of 0-20 at% of gold, silver or copper and 3-15 at% of cerium, samarium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium or ytterbium, remaining palladium and unavoidable impurities.    USE - For hydrogen permeation film used for purification and separation of hydrogen gas generated from air conditioner, used for fuel for fuel cells and for reducing environment used for silicon semiconductor production, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Deformation and embrittlement of the hydrogen permeation film containing the alloy at high temperature, are prevented. The hydrogen permeation film containing the alloy has high rate of hydrogen permeation.
NOVELTY - A carbon film (11) and an insulating layer (12) constitute a substrate (1) of the solar battery.    USE - For e.g. CIS thin film semiconductor solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Offers flexible solar battery with reduced weight and excellent photoconversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a right sectional view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Carbon film (11)    Insulating layer (12)
NOVELTY - The heat exchanger (42) has the reforming raw material flow tube and catalyst holder, welding fixed partially.    USE - For fuel reformer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Simplification of the manufacturing of heat exchanger is attained. The heat exchange property is maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat exchanger has corrugated partition plate and the contact plate welding fixed partially. The corrugated partition plate partitions the fluid flow route. The length of the welding fixation portion from the fluid outlet end and from the fluid inlet end is set as a predetermined length. The partition route formed by the partition plate and the contact plate in the catalyst holder causes an exothermic reaction within the surface. The temperature of heat exchange is less than or equal to 600 degreesC.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer which forms hydrogen rich gas by reforming the raw material containing hydrocarbon type fuel. The reformer arranges the raw material flow tube and the heat carrier to facilitate heat exchange.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of vaporizer of fuel reformer.    Heat exchanger (42)
NOVELTY - Regeneration of a desulfurizing agent involves washing the agent using organic solvent such that desulfurizing property is restored.    USE - For regenerating desulfurizing agent used for absorption-removal of sulfur in a petroleum group hydrocarbon oil such as paraffin oil. The oil is used for production of hydrogen for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple and inexpensive.
NOVELTY - A mixture of aqueous nitrates of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and aluminum (Al) is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The precipitate consists of CuZnAl stratified double hydroxide. After aging, a catalyst precursor is obtained by filtering, washing and drying. The dried precipitate is thermolyzed in air and CuZnAl oxide catalyst is obtained.    USE - The novel copper-zinc-aluminum oxide catalyst is used for manufacturing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen can be manufactured without generating carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) CuZnAl oxide catalyst for hydrogen production by part oxidation reaction of methanol.    (ii) Manufacture of hydrogen by converting methanol (by partial oxidation) in the presence of air using the CuZnAl oxide catalyst.
NOVELTY - A new mono-dispersed (5,15-diaryl substituted Zn(II)-polyporphyrin) compound, its derivatives given by removing zinc from it or given by replacing Zn by Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Ed, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, ta, Th, U, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, or Bi.    USE - For electronics material, optical devices, sensors, solar energy transducers, or electrode material for batteries    ADVANTAGE - The new polyporphyrin compound provides photo-electric transducing or electrical conductive performance in a molecular level.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new mono-dispersed (5,15-diaryl substituted Zn(II)-polyphylynyrene) compound of formula (I), its derivatives given by removing zinc from it or given by replacing Zn by Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Ed, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, ta, Th, U, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, or Bi.    n = integer equal to larger than 9; and    R = alkyl or higher alkoxy group.
NOVELTY - The substrate is made of silicon carbide sintered compact. The thermal expansion coefficient of compact is in the range of 3.8 x 10-6-4.6 x 10-6/degreesC and heat conductivity is more than 150 W/mK.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Distortion of photoelectric conversion layer, crack and debonding are prevented due to specific thermal expansion coefficient. Since thermal conductivity is high, the substrate is heated quickly and hence solar battery that excels in productivity is achieved.
NOVELTY - Flexible photoelectric conversion sheet (3) is wound around a cylindrical core (2) in the internal space formed between core and cylindrical outer peripheral wall (51), by rotating the peripheral wall. A slit (51a) is provided in the wall, for insertion/extraction of sheet. Convex projections (51b) are formed on the internal circumference of peripheral wall.    USE - Solar battery used as power source of electrical equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Since convex projections are formed on the internal circumference of outer peripheral wall, damage to photoelectric conversion sheet is prevented and durability of sheet is improved. Hence power generation efficiency and charging performance of sheet are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A storage battery (4) and a control circuit (5) to control charging and discharging of storage battery, are provided inside the core. Upper and lower flanges (6,7) are formed on both ends of outer peripheral wall, for supporting the wall during rotation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylindrical core (2)    Photoelectric conversion sheet (3)    Storage battery (4)    Control circuit (5)    Flanges (6,7)    Outer peripheral wall (51)    Slit (51a)    Convex projection (51b)
NOVELTY - The partially saturated metal solution (112) is contacted with base material (109) containing coarse crystal plane semiconductor raw material. Subsequently, semiconductor layer (115) is grown on the crystal plane of base material with saturated metal solution (114).    USE - Solar battery (claimed) and as epitaxial board in production of bipolar large scale integrated circuit    ADVANTAGE - The board formed by liquid phase crystal growth method has excellent surface smoothness without subjecting to additional process. The epitaxial growth of the film is of high quality with minimized defects.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) manufacture of semiconductor member in which the base material with first semiconductor layer is formed by liquid phase growth method serves as a raw material. A first member is formed with second semiconductor layer and separated by a another layer. The separating layer is moved to second member side after bonding the first member and second member so that the second semiconductor layer exists between the first and second member and; and    (ii) manufacture of solar battery in which a second semiconductor layer has a junction portion which serves as a solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the manufacture of semiconductor member. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Base material (109)    Partially saturated solution (112)    Saturated metal solution (114)    Semiconductor layer (115)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor electrode has a metal oxide semiconductor layer having p-type conductivity and containing an iron-family oxide.    USE - The semiconductor electrode is used for an opto-electric conversion element for use in photochemical batteries, solar batteries and optical sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor electrode is available at lower cost and evolves no deterioration caused by optical dissolution. The opto-electric conversion element has improved opto-electric conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - A fuel gas generation system (20) comprises a reactor (23) that generates hydrogen by a reaction mode of a hydrolysis and a pyrolysis of metal hydride, and an injector (3) that supplies water and heat to the reactor. The water and heat are generated by a fuel cell (1) in accordance with the reaction mode in the reactor.    USE - For use in generating a hydrogen-rich fuel gas for fuel cell using metal hydride.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive system allows for the size reduction of water tank for hydrolysis and for the efficient supply of heat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a material cassette used in the fuel gas generation system comprising a connecting opening portion connected to a piping that communicates with the reactor, a first storage portion that stores the metal hydride, a second storage portion that stores water to be supplied during hydrolysis, a piping structure that mixes water and metal hydride and causes the mixed liquid to flow out via the connecting portion, and a housing case that houses the first and second storage portions and the piping structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagram schematically illustrating a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Injector (3)    Fuel gas generation system (20)    Reactor (23)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device exhibiting improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.    USE - Used for photoelectric conversion devices for use as optical sensors, copying machines, photovoltaics, solar cell etc. using a metal, semiconductors, organic pigment or dye etc..    ADVANTAGE - Has enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric conversion comprises a conductive support, a photosensitive layer containing a semiconductor fine particle on which a dye is adsorbed, a charge transfer layer and a counter electrode, the dye being treated with a treatment solution composed of quaternary salt and a solvent before or after the dye is adsorbed on the semiconductor fine particle.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photoelectric cell composed of the photoelectric conversion device. .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a partial cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion device.    Electrically conductive layer (10)    Photosensitive layer (20)    Semiconductor fine particles (21)    Dyes (22)    Charge-transporting material (23)    Charge transfer layer (30)    Counter electrically conductive layer (40)    Undercoating layer (60)    Substrate (50)
NOVELTY - Graphitization of carbonized sheet comprises heating to 1,200-3,200 degrees C in rows or columns with a laser ray in the presence of air.    USE - The carbonized fleece produced in this way is used as a gas distributor layer in fuel cells, as a base material for electrodes in supercapacitors, as a conductive lining for electrical connections to electronic equipment in articles of clothing, as antenna for electronic equipment and/or as a heat conductor in clothing (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Existing methods of producing graphitized sheets comprise heating a carbon fiber fleece in an inert atmosphere or heating precursor fibers to 180-550 degrees C in an oxidizing atmosphere and then heating with a carbon dioxide laser, first to 700-1200 degrees C and then to 1200-3600 degrees C in an inert atmosphere. The present process is much simpler, as no inert atmosphere is needed. The sheet by is not destroyed by combustion of the fibers and the process is suitable for continuous operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the dependence of conductivity on the laser energy in the process described in the example.
(CN1318873-A)   NOVELTY - A platinum halogen compound or mixture of platinum and ruthenium halogen compounds, and active carbon are added to water. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 2.5-10.5. A reducing agent is added drop-wise to an amount of 2.5-5 times in excess of that of noble metal in moles. The liquid is filtered-off and the remaining solution is washed and dried to form nanometer electrocatalyst.    USE - For preparing nanometer electrocatalyst used for direct methanol proton exchange membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The nanometer electrocatalyst has increased catalytic activity to oxidation reaction of methanol and hydrogen. The catalyst has lower degree of crystallinity of metal platinum, uniform particle size and superior electrochemical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A platinum halogen compound or mixture of platinum halogen compound and ruthenium halogen compound, and active carbon are added to water. The amount of noble metal in the solution is 0.5-10 g/L, and the amount of active carbon is 0.05-2 g/L. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 2.5-10.5 using potassium hydroxide and/or ammonium hydroxide. A reducing agent is added drop-wise to an amount of 2.5-5 times in excess of that of the noble metal in moles. The liquid is filtered-off and the remaining solution is washed and dried.
NOVELTY - The catalyst has formula M1AM2BZC, where M1 and M2 are transition metals, A,B and C are integers and Z is carbon, nitrogen and/or boron. B is 0 or an integer greater than 0. The transition metal comprising M1 does not comprise the transition metal comprising M2. M1 is molybdenum and/or tungsten. M2 is iron, nickel, cobalt and/or copper. The catalyst is substantially sulfur tolerant.    USE - For water gas shift reaction in proton exchange membrane type fuel cell (claimed) used for powered vehicles. For producing hydrogen for chemical processing and petroleum refining, and reducing carbon monoxide content of feeds to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst increases rate of the water gas shift reaction with time and facilitates reduction of carbon monoxide levels in a hydrogen-containing stream. Reduction of carbon monoxide levels occur upstream of the fuel cell. The catalyst exhibits good reactivity, stability and sulfur tolerance, as compared to conventional catalysts. Size and cost of the fuel cell processor are reduced. Durability of the fuel cell is increased.
NOVELTY - Sealing material for ultraviolet (UV)-hardenable solar battery comprises a UV-hardenable ethylenic copolymer where a carboxylic acid or its organic derivatives which have functional groups selected from styryl groups, cinnamyl groups and cinnamylidene groups, is grafted using an ethylenic polymer having glycidyl (meth)acrylate units as the framework.    USE - Used as a sealing material for UV-hardenable solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The material is easily formed into films or sheets. It has excellent heat adhesion to solar battery structural components and can be hardened by UV irradiation. The material has good transparency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery comprising a light receiving sheet, a back sheet, and a solar battery module sealed via the sealing material between these sheets.
NOVELTY - A catalyst contains compound(s) containing metal, e.g. lead, bismuth and thallium, and lead, bismuth or thallium, and ruthenium. The catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen gas in which gas containing oxygen is added, and removes carbon monoxide from the hydrogen gas.    USE - For refining hydrogen in fuel cells, particularly solid polymer electrolyte type-fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen gas and removes carbon dioxide efficiently. By-production of methane at high temperature is prevented. Operation of the fuel cell is stabilized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a vehicle-mounted fuel cell power generating device in which a catalyst for refining hydrogen in fuel cell is used.
NOVELTY - A fuel oil for fuel cells has a caulking index of 0.35 or less.    USE - For manufacture of liquid raw material by reforming process and hydrogen, used in fuel cells (claimed) used for consumer applications, industrial use and for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel oil suppresses degradation of reforming catalyst by carbon precipitate, during production of hydrogen by reforming process. Thereby, durability of the reforming catalyst is enhanced. Manufacture of liquid raw material and hydrogen is performed efficiently, using the fuel oil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of liquid raw material for fuel cells which involves contacting the fuel oil with a reforming catalyst.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply apparatus (1) has hydrogen reservoir (47) with two storage units (48,50). The hydrogen generated by modifier (3) is stored in storage unit (48) equipped with hydrogen accumulator (MH2). When the hydrogen supplied by modifier (3) is insufficient to fuel cell, the storage unit (50) releases the hydrogen from the accumulator to the fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cell mounted in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Water ingredient to the fuel cell is supplied rapidly and sufficiently, by determining the required hydrogen supply to fuel cell and according to the driving mode of the vehicle or the gear shift condition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The driving mode switching unit (65) determines the amount of hydrogen necessary for fuel cell and the residual amount detector (66) detects electrical energy of fuel cell (2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen supply unit (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Modifier (3)    Hydrogen reservoir (47)    Storage units (48,50)    Driving mode switching unit (65)    Residual amount detector (66)    Hydrogen accumulator (MH2)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas supply unit supplies hydrogen gas to fuel cell stack (10). A fan drive circulates air from outside to the fuel stack. The fuel stack generates electric current by reaction of air and hydrogen. The gas ejected from stack (10) is supplied to the hydrogen supply unit, so that the release of hydrogen gas is accelerated.    USE - Fuel cell mounting vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The generation of electric current and pipes of supplying air and gas are simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of fuel cell mounting vehicle.    Fuel cell stack (10)
NOVELTY - The cell assembly (NC) consists of several cells which are juxtaposed. Each cell is provided with an electrolyte layer whose surfaces are provided with oxygen pole and fuel electrode. Combustion and heating sections (Ub,Uh) are provided in an accommodation chamber (B) for cell assembly.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of energy. Provides a fuel cell which can regulate the output over a large range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Stream lines provided to the fuel electrode and oxygen pole sides, are accommodated in the accommodation chamber. The combustion section burns the exhaust gas on the oxygen pole sides and the fuel electrode side discharged from the stream lines. The heating section heats the oxygen pole side gas supplied to the stream line with the heat of combustion generated by combustion in the combustion section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of vertical section of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Accommodation chamber (B)    Cell assembly (NC)    Combustion and heating sections (Ub,Uh)
NOVELTY - A main cooling path (10) of a fuel cell (1), has a radiator (11) to cool a primary heat carrier at high temperature. A secondary heat carrier at low temperature, circulated through an auxiliary cooling path (20), is passed through the main cooling path depending on fuel cell output. The two heat carriers are mixed and circulated through the fuel cell.    USE - For generating electricity using chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - Improves cooling capacity by the provision of auxiliary cooling path to assist main cooling path.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the cooling circuit of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Main cooling path (10)    Radiator (11)    Auxiliary cooling path (20)
NOVELTY - A mixture of powdery substance and binder are press-molded in a metallic mold of definite shape and heated at a temperature which does not carry out graphitization of the mixture. Anisotropy is relieved and a separator having an electric conductivity of 10-3 OMEGA cm or less is obtained.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is inexpensive, corrosion resistant and can be processed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of separator, which involves performing compaction of the powdery substance at 100-300degreesC.
NOVELTY - The heater includes a solid polymer fuel system including a hydrogen cylinder (1) and a blower (4). A fuel cell (3) generates electricity by fuel supplied from hydrogen cylinder. A control unit (12) regulates operation of flow rate (2) of hydrogen cylinder and a pump (7) of stored water tank (10). A battery (11) and an operating panel (23) are provided in fuel system.    USE - For heater with solid polymer fuel system controlled by a controller.    ADVANTAGE - Improves working performance by controller for regulating operation of flow valve of hydrogen cylinder and circulation pump of water tank. Reduces unpleasant feeling by avoiding ejection of carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of fan heater. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen cylinder (1)    Flow rate (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Blower (4)    Pump (7)    Water tank (10)    Battery (11)    Control unit (12)    Operating panel (23)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a sulfonated polymer, comprises sulfonation-reacting a polymer bearing an aromatic ring in the principal chain and with sulfonating agent, using a reactor having a stirring blades in the reaction chamber. The reaction is performed in the presence of a solvent under specific conditions and a shearing force of 0.1-100 N/cm2.    USE - The sulfonated polymers obtained by the method are useful for ion exchange resins, solid acid catalysts, macromolecular solid electrolytes for fuel cells, selective permeation membranes for precision filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis filtration and electroconductive polymers.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method are economical, have high yield and can be carried out on industrial scale.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of a sulfonated polymer, comprises sulfonation-reacting a polymer bearing an aromatic ring in the principal chain and with sulfonating agent, using a reactor having a stirring blades in the reaction chamber. The reaction is performed in the presence of a solvent under conditions conforming to mathematical expression (i) and a shearing force of 0.1-100 N/cm2.    4 less than Q/V less than 400 (i)    Q = outflow (m3/minute) of reaction solution from reaction chamber;    V = liquid amount (m3) in reaction chamber;    Q/V = circulation number (l/minute).
NOVELTY - Alkaline aqueous solution is added to a solution containing tin salt and indium salt to form hydrate of tin oxide and indium oxide. Then, the hydrate of tin oxide and indium oxide is heated after performing wet pulverization. The rate of content of particle with particle diameter of 10 nm or less and grain size of 50 nm or more, is 15% or less, respectively.    USE - For window glass of vehicles, for transparent electrically conductive film for solar battery, liquid crystal display, electroluminescent display.    ADVANTAGE - The particle size distribution of microparticle powder is narrowed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The average particle diameter of the microparticle is 40 nm or less. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of tin containing indium oxide microparticle powder.
NOVELTY - Water vapor containing exhaust gas is ejected from heat exchanger (24) for exhaust gas, which is provided downstream to heat exchanger (23) for cooling water. Hot and cold water flowing in communicating path (22) is heated with condensation latent heat of water vapor containing exhaust gas.    USE - Co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - High temperature water is stored in hot water storage tank, by improving the rate of waste heat recovery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows systematic diagram of co-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Communicating path (22)    Heat exchangers (23, 24)
NOVELTY - The substrate (4) arranged with hydrogen absorption layer (5) on both sides, is provided in the case (1). Hydrogen is introduced into the case through hydrogen introducing pipe (2). The hydrogen in the case is released through a hydrogen release pipe (3), when the atmospheric pressure in the case increases by heating the substrate.    USE - Hydrogen storage apparatus of hydrogen engine in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is stored in large quantity, compactly and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the right sectional drawing of hydrogen storage apparatus.    Case (1)    Hydrogen introducing pipe (2)    Hydrogen release pipe (3)    Substrate (4)    Hydrogen absorption layer (5)
NOVELTY - A modifier (1) has a heating tube (3) which heats the modification catalyst. The heating tube has a U-shaped superstructure material (21) with convex-shaped curved surface in the inlet side of raw material gas to be modified.    USE - For modification of hydrocarbon gas to obtain hydrogen used for fuel cell system for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing cost of modifier is reduced, since the superstructure material is made of stainless steel. The superstructure material has excellent carborization-resistant property. Therefore, the modifier has improved durability, mechanical strength, thermal efficiency and reliability. Since the temperature distribution of raw material gas inside the heating tube is uniform, the amount of stress applied to the superstructure material is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of modifier explaining the flow of raw material gas.    Modifier (1)    Heating tube (3)    U-shaped superstructure material (21)
NOVELTY - A methanol modification catalyst contains aggregate of powder of carrier supporting activated metal copper or cupric oxide. A cuprous oxide layer is formed on the surface of the activated metal copper or cupric oxide contained in surface layer part of the aggregate.    USE - As methanol modification catalyst for solid polymer fuel cell used in internal combustion of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The activated methanol modification catalyst is stable in oxygen atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for stabilization of the methanol modification catalyst which involves activating the non-active catalyst by performing reduction to metal copper or cupric oxide contained in the catalyst. The surface of the activated metal copper or cupric oxide is oxidized.
NOVELTY - The method involves atomization of raw material solution by heating and spraying it through a nozzle (31) on a board. The distance in-between the board and nozzle is detected and kept uniformly.    USE - For production of solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform film thickness is formed and film quality is maintained with sufficient reproducibility by the method. Continuous film formation is possible by using this process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of thin film forming device.    Nozzle (31)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas is produced by oxidative steam reforming of methanol in the presence air and steam using copper-zinc-aluminum-zirconium oxide, copper-zinc-zirconium-cerium oxide, or cobalt-copper-zinc-aluminum oxide as catalyst.    USE - The production of hydrogen gas for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is able to produce hydrogen gas at high conversion rate and selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for methods of producing:    (1) the copper-zinc-aluminum-zirconium (CuZnAlZr) oxide,    (2) the copper-zinc-zirconium-cerium (CuZnZrCe) oxide, and    (3) the cobalt-copper-zinc-aluminum (CoCuZnAl) oxide catalyst.    The CuZnAlZr oxide catalyst is produced by reacting a mixture of aqueous solutions of each nitrate of Cu, Zn, Al, and Zr with an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and aqueous sodium carbonate (NaCO 3) solution; performing co-precipitation; aging, filtering, washing and drying the precipitate to obtain a catalyst precursor consisting of CuZnAlZr layered double hydroxide; and calcining the catalyst precursor to obtain the CuZnAlZr oxide.    The CuZnZrCe and CoCuZnAl oxide catalysts are each produced by preparing a catalyst precursor consisting of aurichalcite, and calcining the catalyst precursor in an air ambient atmosphere.
NOVELTY - The autothermal catalyst steam reforming of hydrocarbons by the passage of a pre-warmed reactant mixture of hydrocarbons, oxygen and water or water vapor over a catalyst comprises adiabatic operation of the process with a platinum group metal catalyst supported on an oxide support comprising aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and/or titanium dioxide with zeolites.    USE - The process is useful for the autothermal catalytic steam reforming of hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - The process has an improved yield of hydrogen.
NOVELTY - An aggregate, especially a drive aggregate for a vehicle, which requires hydrogen for the drive, has a membrane separating the hydrogen from a gas mixture.    USE - The aggregate preferably is a vehicle drive aggregate (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Supplying fuel cells with pure oxygen and hydrogen, rather than a hydrogen-rich mixture from a methanol-steam reformer, increases their efficiency and power density. However, the gases must be kept in separate containers or produced by electrolysis in a lithium high-energy cell of the lithium/water or lithium/hydrogen peroxide type. As these increase the load, they do not increase the efficiency or power density. Using a membrane to separate hydrogen from a hydrogen-rich mixture increases the power density and efficiency and saves energy. The aggregate is very reliable, compact and lightweight and reduces emissions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the use of a membrane in an aggregate, especially the above aggregate, for separating hydrogen from a gas mixture, associated with a reformer or fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of an aggregate with suction system and feed pipes.    Aggregate (1)    Reformer (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Supply pipes (5)    Ambient air feed pipe (7)    Feed pipe system (9)    Feed pipe for hydrogen mixture (11)    Hydrogen supply pipe (13)    Membrane (15)    Exhaust gas pipe (17)    Fuel pipe (19)
NOVELTY - A magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy has an intergranular material inhibiting sintering of the alloy during high temperature hydriding/dehydriding.    USE - For hydrogen storage unit useful as a hydrogen supply for many applications, e.g. automobiles, and as a source of hydrogen for internal combustion engine or fuel vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a high storage capacity, fast hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics, and a long cycle life. It can be easily mechanically ground into smaller particles via attrition.
NOVELTY - Generating hydrogen from metal hydride involves reacting metal hydride with alcohol(s).    USE - For generating hydrogen used for fuel cell systems used in vehicular applications.    ADVANTAGE - The process is an efficient, safe and reliable source of hydrogen for fuel cells. Control of the supply of alcohol, mixture of alcohol and water enables control over the rate of reaction and the release of hydrogen. The amount of produced hydrogen can be regulated by gradual feeding of reactive liquid. The reaction can be stopped or increased based on the demand for hydrogen. Hydrogen production is maximized since both reactions contribute to hydrogen generation. The reaction rate and path are fully controllable through adjustable contribution of the reactions. Hydrides such as borohydrides does not undergo hydrolysis without special catalysis, but the addition of alcohol can change their activity or reaction path such that hydrogen generation proceed effectively, without the loss of hydrogen capacity. The use of combined alcoholysis and hydrolysis extends the temperature range of hydrogen production towards temperatures below freezing temperature of water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen generator (10) comprising a container (12) for a metal hydride, a container (14) for alcohol, a flow unit for the delivery of alcohol to the container (12) and a hydrogen gas outlet conduit (18) for the delivery of generated hydrogen gas from the container (12).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the hydrogen generator.    Generator (10)    Container for metal hydride (12)    Container for alcohol (14)    Hydrogen outlet conduit (18)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell power generating system comprises a fuel cell unit (1) having a coolant circulation system, a water storage tank (2) for supplying water, a water treatment system (3) for purifying the supply water in the water storage tank and supplying the purified supply water, heat exchanger (4, 7) for water, a hot water storage tank (5), and a condensed-water supply system (6).    USE - As fuel cell power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - Can set low capacity of the water purifying equipment low, thus reducing the equipment cost and the operation cost and decreasing the space for this equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a fuel cell power generating system comprising supplying the water storage tank with condensed water obtaining by condensing steam from the hot water in the hot water storage tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell generating system.    fuel cell unit (1)    water storage tank (2)    water treatment system (3)    heat exchanger (4, 7)    hot water storage tank (5)    condensed-water supply system (6)    condensed-water supply path (8)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen occlusion alloy electrode contains two alloys (I,II) in weight ratios of 3 mol.% or more and 10-90% respectively. Alloy (I) has a CaCu5-type crystal structure.    USE - For secondary batteries used in hybrid cars, electric vehicles (claimed) and portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occlusion alloy electrode has good low temperature discharge characteristics. The electrode is capable of carrying out capacitance recovery in the initial stages after high temperature storage. Running performance, e.g. fuel consumption of the hybrid car or electric vehicle is significantly improved. The number of charging-discharging cycles after high temperature storage are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen occlusion alloy electrode comprises two alloys (I,II) in weight ratios of 3 mol.% or more and 10-90.% respectively. Alloy (I) has a CaCu5-type crystal structure and a composition of (RE1-xMgx)NiyAz-wAlw, where: RE = rare earth elements including yttrium and calcium and/or zirconium; A = cobalt, manganese, iron, copper, tin, zinc, gallium, silicon and/or boron; x, y and z are atomic ratios satisfying the relation, 0.1 at most x at most 0.6; 0 at most z at most 1.5; 0 at most w at most 0.15; and 2.5 at most y+z at most 4.0.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode plate comprising alloy (II) and an alkali electrolyte;    (ii) a hybrid car containing an electric drive power supply unit comprising the above secondary battery; and    (iii) an electric vehicle comprising the above secondary battery as a drive power supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a notched perspective view of a cylindrical alkali secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Container (1)    Anode (2)    Separator (3)    Negative plate (4)
NOVELTY - A mixture (Y) is produced by passing through process (I) which chemically reduces a cation containing platinum group metal (P1), made to adsorb to mixture (X) containing a cation exchange resin and a carbon particle. The mixture is then passed through process (II) which chemically reduces the cation containing platinum group metal (P2) different from (P1) made to adsorb in mixture (Y).    USE - For electrodes used for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - High catalyst utilization factor and high carbon monoxide resistance are ensured. The fuel cell using the catalyst material exhibits high performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrode for fuel cells, using the catalyst material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the electric current-voltage characteristics during hydrogen supply to fuel cell surface equipped with catalyst material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The semiconductor electrode (4) consists of sintered compact of active semiconductor material contained in titanium oxide, and is porous.    USE - For solar battery especially single crystal silicon type solar battery for satellites, and for industrial and domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor electrode enables manufacture of solar battery having excellent photo-electric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Semiconductor electrode manufacturing method;    (b) Solar battery (1)    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar battery (1)    Semiconductor electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A detection element (1) with a resistor (1a) and a compensation element (2) with a resistor (2a) are connected with gas distribution lines. The resistor of compensation element having same value as that of detection element resistor is sealed with a suitable standard gas so that the gas sample that is circulated in gas distribution line is mixed properly with standard gas during processing.    USE - Compensation element for gas detector used in fuel cells for detecting gas concentration in gas sample.    ADVANTAGE - Detects composition of gas supplied to fuel cell, thereby monitoring control and maintenance become easy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Gas heat conduction type gas detector;    (b) Gas supply apparatus for fuel cells    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of gas heat conduction type gas detector. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Detection element (1)    Resistors (1a,2a)    Compensation element (2)
NOVELTY - The protective sheet (A) is obtained by laminating a base film (1) provided with a shading film (2) and a base film (3) provided with vapor-deposited inorganic oxide film (4).    USE - For solar battery module (claimed) as electricity generation unit for calculator, electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The protective film has excellent water vapor barrier property, oxygen barrier property, strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, chemical resistance and stain resistance. The protective sheet is inexpensive and has excellent durability, and can manufacture safe and stable solar battery module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module which has surface protection sheet, and a pair of filler layers separated by a solar battery element such as photovoltaic cell. The layers are integrated by heat crimping lamination process in vacuum.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the rough sectional drawing of protective sheet.    Base films (1,3)    Shading film (2)    Inorganic oxide film (4)    Protective sheet (A)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device comprises a conductive support (10), a photosensitive layer (20) containing a semiconductor, a charge transfer layer (30) containing an electrolyte composition, and a counter electrode (50). The electrolyte composition comprises 0.01-2.5 weight% (wt.%) of a metal cation, and 1-30 wt.% of isothiocyanate (SCN-) and/or an anion represented by formula (I).    USE - For photo-electrochemical cell (claimed), such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion device has high durability and excellent photoelectric conversion properties. The cell utilizing the photoelectric conversion device has grooved or textured surface which enhances incident light-utilizing efficiency of the cell. The cell has improved productivity and improved electric power production efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric conversion device comprises a conductive support, a photosensitive layer containing a semiconductor, a charge transfer layer containing an electrolyte composition, and a counter electrode. The electrolyte composition comprises 0.01-2.5 weight% (wt.%) of a metal cation, and 1-30 wt.% of isothiocyanate (SCN-) and/or an anion represented by formula:    Rf-COO- (I)    Rf = alkyl group substituted by fluorine atom(s)    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photo-electrochemical cell composed of the photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial cross-sectional view of photoelectric conversion device.    Conductive support (10)    Photosensitive layer (20)    Semiconductor fine particles (21)    Dye (22)    Charge transport layer (30)    Counter electrode (50)
NOVELTY - A platinum selective oxidation catalyst comprises a substrate with a mixed crystal of two or more oxides. It has a boehmite- or hydrotalcite structure.    USE - To remove carbon dioxide from a mixture containing hydrogen, by selective catalytic oxidation. The method is applied especially in electric vehicles operating from fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst improves selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas. At the same time, reversion to carbon monoxide through the reverse water gas shift reaction, is reduced. Suitable mixed oxides are commercially available.
NOVELTY - The electrical recovery of energy, comprising using a fuel cell by reforming an organic fuel, removing carbon monoxide from the reformate and converting the hydrogen in the reformate and the oxygen into electrical energy, where the reformate is treated in a bioreactor containing a thermophilic microorganism strain to remove carbon monoxide, is new.    USE - Used for obtaining energy from an organic fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The process is energetically efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell containing a polymer electrolyte membrane having one side coated with an anode catalyst and the other side coated with a cathode catalyst. Both catalysts are covered with a gas distributor structure for electrically contacting and introducing and removing the reaction media. The microorganisms are immobilized on the gas distributor structure for the anode.
NOVELTY - Bipolar plate and gasket assembly (PGA) comprises a graphite sheet (2), rigid gasket main body or bodies, compressible gasket material, and at least two pieces of carbon cloth (7) and gas flow channel(s) positioned between or around the pieces of carbon cloth.    USE - For use as component in an ionomer membrane fuel cell, fuel cell stack, or battery particularly useful in portable and transportation-related applications.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly, unlike state-of-the-art graphite bipolar plates, does not have flow-field channels machined into the graphite, thus permitting the fabrication of very thin bipolar plate and gasket assemblies. The graphite plate and gaskets prevent cross-mixing of the reactant gases in the cell. The gases are distributed to the appropriate fuel cell electrode, and thermal control is achieved by a mechanism of the thermal conductivity of the graphite fins (8). The invention comprises lightweight and inexpensive precursor materials, and all of the component parts of the bipolar plate and associated gaskets can be stamped, molded, or cut, thus enabling the potential reduction of manufacturing costs. It increases the stacking density of ionomer membrane fuel cells beyond that currently possible with state-of-the-art bipolar plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a top plan view of a graphite sheet with manifold slots and the carbon cloth flow-field.    Graphite sheet (2)    Piece of carbon cloth (7)    Thermal control fin (8)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly comprises fuel cell plates arranged a form a fuel cell stack (50). The plates establish a manifold passageway to communicate a reformed fuel for the fuel cell stack. The plate(s) includes flow channels to communicate the fuel through the fuel cell stack. A plastic membrane enclosure (140) made of a shrink film material surrounds the fuel cell stack.    USE - Fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell assembly effectively controls the leakage of fluids from fuel cells. It employs plastic membrane enclosure that forms an environmental back-up seal around various fuel cell components and provides an isolation seal to isolate potential ignition sources within the assembly. The enclosure protects the fuel cell stack and prevents shorting of the plates in the stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cutaway front elevation of the fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell stack (50)    Plastic membrane enclosure (140)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system having a preferential oxidizer stage is operated by calibrating the fuel cell system at different operating parameters by determining a target rate for injecting an oxidant into the preferential oxidizer stage. While running the fuel system, the oxidant is injected into the oxidizer stage at a rate determined by the stored calibrated results.    USE - Operating a fuel cell system having preferential oxidizer stage.    ADVANTAGE - The process reduces the level of CO in the reformed fuel stream to an acceptable level that does not poison the fuel cell catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Operation of a fuel cell system having a preferential oxidizer stage, involves calibrating the fuel cell system at different operating parameters by determining a target rate for injecting an oxidant into the preferential oxidizer stage. The results of the calibrating step is stored in a memory. While running the fuel system to produce power, the oxidant is injected into the preferential oxidizer stage at a rate determined by the stored results, and the fuel cell is periodically recalibrated to update the stored results.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell generator system comprising a fuel cell stack, a conditioning system, a gas flow path, and a controller. The fuel cell stack provides electricity to a load. The conditioning system includes catalytic reactors and flow regulators for providing a reformed fuel gas stream at a fuel flow rate to the fuel cell. The gas flow path is provided from a fuel source through the conditioning system and to the fuel cell stack. The controller monitors the output parameters of the fuel cell stack, and includes a calibrating routine to calibrate the fuel cell generator system at different operating parameters.
NOVELTY - A calcium-magnesium-nickel system hydrogen occluding alloy occludes hydrogen under 0.5-1.1 MPa at 0-50 degrees C and desorbs the hydrogen under 0.01-0.3 MPa at 60 degrees C to boiling temperature.    USE - Used as a raw material of hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen storage components, and heat pumps.    ADVANTAGE - This product is lighter than the conventional MmNi5 system alloy and can be manufactured with lower cost, and exhibits a greater hydrogen occluding capacity under 0.1-1.0 MPa at room temperature-100 degrees C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A calcium-magnesium-nickel system hydrogen occluding alloy occludes hydrogen under 0.5-1.1 MPa at 0-50 degrees C and desorbs the hydrogen under 0.01-0.3 MPa at 60 degrees C to boiling temperature. The alloy is expressed as Ca(A)Mg(B)Ni(C)M(D), where: M = at least one element selected from aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc; (C+D)/(A+B) = not less than 3.0 and not greater than 3.2; (B)/(A+B) = not less than 0.4 and not greater than 0.6; and (D)/(C+D) = not less than zero and not greater than 0.2.
NOVELTY - A catalyst contains a ruthenium component, a zirconium component and an alkali metal component on an alumina support.    USE - For water vapor modification (claimed) of hydrocarbons such as kerosene. The processed hydrocarbon is used for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high catalytic activity. The degradation of catalyst under high temperature during baking or reaction is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for water vapor modification of a hydrocarbon using the above catalyst.
NOVELTY - The catalyst supports a ruthenium component on a support. The cross-sectional cross direction distance (r) and X-ray intensity (I) obtained by carrying out line analysis measurement of ruthenium atoms along one direction in the cross-section of the catalyst using an electron probe and a micro-analysis apparatus satisfies a specific relationship.    USE - For the modification of hydrocarbons such as kerosene oil for the manufacture of fuel cell water.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic activity of ruthenium is good. High activity can be maintained under high temperature during baking or reacting.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalyst supports a ruthenium component on a support. The cross-sectional cross direction distance (r) and X-ray intensity (I) obtained by carrying out line analysis measurement of ruthenium atoms along one direction in the cross-section of the catalyst using an electron probe and a micro-analysis apparatus satisfies the relation S = (N/N0) x 100, which is 50 or more, where N is a value obtained by subtracting N1 from N0 (N0 is the integral value of I(r) in the interval between one side of catalyst cross section r0 and other side -r0 and N1 is the integral value of I(r) in the interval between -2/3r0 and 2/3r0).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) the manufacture of a catalyst for hydrocarbon modification;    (b) a water vapor modification method;    (c) a partial oxidation modification method; and    (d) an auto-thermal reformation method.
NOVELTY - Pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter comprises a conductive support, one or more photosensitive layers containing pigment-adsorbed semiconductor fine particles, a charge-transfer layer and a counter electrode.    USE - The pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter is used for the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, particularly, high short-circuit current density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one photosensitive layer is formed by burning semiconductor particles-dispersed product containing a block copolymer using two or more alkylene oxides as its constituent unit.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery that uses the pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter of the claim.
NOVELTY - A molding mixture containing 100 weight parts of alumina powder and 1-50 wt.pts of clay mineral having high swelling property, is baked to form porous alumina substance.    USE - As catalyst support in fuel reformer used for reforming raw materials such as hydrocarbon and water in hydrogen-rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - The porous alumina substance has excellent collapsible strength, collapsible shapeability and pore volume rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - 1-5 wt.pts of organic substance is contained in porous alumina substance for 100 wt.pts of total of alumina powder and clay mineral.
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon and water vapor are supplied to an upstream side catalyst layer which is made of heat-resistant ceramics. The reformed hydrocarbon is passed to a downstream side catalyst layer which contains ruthenium component, rhodium component and/or nickel component.    USE - For modifying water vapor, and modified hydrocarbon is used for fuel cells for consumer applications and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The water vapor is modified continuously using catalyst having high activity and durability for long period of time. The water vapor is modified easily and inexpensively using minimum amount of catalyst.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell laminate (13) has several single cells which are divided into several blocks (14, 15) whose number of cells differs. Combustion gas (hydrogen) is supplied to block with several cells. Number of cells in each block is divided by setting the number ratio of cells so that it is the same as ratio (hydrogen utilization factor) of hydrogen supply amount to hydrogen consumption for every block.    USE - The fuel cell laminate is used as a power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The total hydrogen utilization factor of fuel cell laminate, is improved. Therefore, the fuel utilization factor of the fuel cell laminate which uses high concentration hydrogen gas is increased, without recycling the combustion gas. Thus, the efficiency of electrical power generating device is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell laminate consists of a fuel electrode equipped with an electrode catalyst layer and an oxidizing agent electrode. An electrolyte layer is arranged between the fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode. The base materials of oxidizing agent electrode and fuel electrode have ribs made of porous material which provides a flow path for reactive gas for supplying combustion gas (hydrogen) and oxidizing agent gas (as reactive gas) to each electrode. The laminate has several cells which are laminated by laying a separator which is a gas shielding board. Single cells are divided into several blocks whose number of cells differs along lamination direction. The reactive gas is supplied to the reactive gas space and ejected through a manifold.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of fuel cell laminate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell laminate (13)    Blocks (14, 15)
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell laminates cell through an electroconductive separator which has a gas flow route. The cell comprises hydrogen ion electroconductive polyelectrolyte film and pair of electrodes arranged an either side of polyelectrolyte film. The separator is formed from stainless steel plate of ferrite or austenitic type containing 0.03 weight% (wt.%) or less of carbon.    USE - For portable power supply, motor vehicles and domestic co-generator system.    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell is inexpensive and compact, and has excellent electricity generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell laminates cell through an electroconductive separator which formed a gas flow route. The cell comprises hydrogen ion electroconductive polyelectrolyte film and pair of electrodes arranged an either side of polyelectrolyte film. The fuel gas containing hydrogen is supplied-ejected to one of the electrodes, and oxidizing agent gas containing oxygen is supplied-ejected to the other electrode. The separator is formed from stainless steel plate of ferrite or austenitic type containing 0.03 wt.% or less of carbon.
NOVELTY - Water produced in a fuel cell is collected and supplied to a deionization apparatus by a pump (3). The collected water is separated into deionized and concentrated water. The deionized water is used as cooling water of fuel cell. The concentrated water is introduced to electrode chamber (E) of deionization apparatus. The electrode water is discharged out from electrode chamber.    USE - For formation of cooling water by treating water from fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces cost of system by reducing number of components of piping system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of fuel cell power generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Pump (3)    Electrode chamber (E)
NOVELTY - The micro fuel cell has a silicon substrate (2) having a penetrating pore (8) into which an electrode member (5), composed of electrolyte (19) sandwiched between a pair of electrodes (18,20), is arranged. Covers (3,4) comprising silicon are provided on both sides of silicon substrate so that spaces (7,9) are respectively formed.    USE - For power generation portable devices.    ADVANTAGE - The micro fuel cell has thin electrode member, thereby reducing the size of entire structure. By forming an impurity diffusion layer on substrate, the surface area of electrode member is increased. Leakage of gas is prevented, by providing covers on both sides of the substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for micro fuel cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows sectional view of entire structure of micro fuel cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (2)    covers (3,4)    electrode member (5)    spaces (7,9)    penetrating pore (8)    electrodes (18,20)    electrolyte (19)
NOVELTY - A heater heats the sodium battery (2) connected to the fuel cell (1). A heat flow path (5A) is provided between the heater and the fuel cell for introducing the exhaust heat from the fuel cell into the heater.    USE - Electricity generation system in power stations.    ADVANTAGE - Effective usage of exhaust heat is enabled, hence overall efficiency is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of electricity generation system. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (1)    sodium battery (2)    heat flow path (5A)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor device comprises semiconductor thin films (3,4,5) on a cementing layer (15) which is provided on an invar type alloy substrate (14).    USE - Used for solar battery optical elements (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor thin film or a solar battery element is peeled from the substrate easily. The semiconductor device is handled at low and high temperatures. The semiconductor device is manufactured easily and inexpensively. The optical element is manufactured inexpensively using the semiconductor device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Semiconductor device manufacture;    (b) Solar battery;    (c) Solar battery manufacture;    (d) Optical device    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows process drawing of the manufacture of single cell type thin film single crystal silicon solar battery.    Semiconductor thin films (3,4,5)    Invar type alloy substrate (14)    Cementing layer (15)
NOVELTY - A pressure applicative valve (2) is provided for pressurizing hydrogen generated by electrolysis of water in a water-splitting apparatus (1). The secondary battery (7) stores the electric power generated by turbo generator which is driven by the hydrogen. The hydrogen engine generator (6) or the fuel cell generates electric power using hydrogen released from the turbo generator as fuel.    USE - Hybrid electric power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of power generation is increased by storing the power generated by the effective usage of hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Oxygen released from the turbo generator is pressurized and used as an oxidizing agent of fuel cell. A heat exchanger cools the hydrogen and oxygen released from the respective turbo generators and the heat produced is added to hydrogen and oxygen generated in water splitting apparatus. Compressor is also used for applying pressure to hydrogen and oxygen. Solar battery is used for the power unit of water splitting apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the structure of hybrid electrical power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water-splitting apparatus (1)    Pressure application valve (2)    Hydrogen engine generator (6)    Secondary battery (7)
NOVELTY - The method involves forming a protective layer with openings on the silicon substrate comprising n and p type impurities doped areas. A metal layer is formed on protective layer. A polyimide insulating layer is then formed and etched corresponding to doped areas. After hardening the insulating layer at two different temperatures, another metal layer is formed.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the polyimide insulating layer formed on the metal layer is hardened at two different temperatures, highly flattened board is obtained, hence the generation of void and soldering faults are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart explaining manufacturing process of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A protective layer is formed on the main surface of a silicon substrate having n-doped and p-doped areas. A metal layer, insulator layer and another metal layer made of polyimide are adhered to the rear side of substrate and hardened. Opening are made at predetermined intervals, penetrating the layers.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the surface of substrate is flattened, the generation of void or solder fatigue is reduced. Hence the electroconductivity of the cell is improved efficiently.
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte contains oxides of zirconium and a rare earth element.    USE - The solid electrolyte is used as the raw material of oxygen sensors or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is able to manufacture solid electrolyte which is highly active and ion conductive at 600 degreesC, and its crystal structure is stable at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid electrolyte has a composition expressed    by formula (I):    x is 0.05-0.16 and Ln is a rare earth element.
NOVELTY - A process for the production of hydrogen-rich synthesis gas for use in fuel cells, involves the reaction of hydrocarbon liquids, vapors or gases with water (or water vapor) and air (or O2). The reaction takes effect on the surface of a material which is electrically conductive and so can be heated by an applied voltage.    USE - Production of synthesis gas for use in e.g. PEM fuel cells to be used in vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is obtained and the problems of slow cold starts and cold spots are overcome.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the apparatus used in the process of production of hydrogen-rich synthesis gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an electrocatalytic reformer with a catalyst-coated porous inner tube and a gas-tight tubular mantle optionally having an internal or external catalyst coating. (Drawing has non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A reactor unit of a fuel cell system, in which carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide in a carbon monoxide-containing medium (2), is provided with at least one oxygen-permeable, especially oxygen ion-permeable reactor wall (3).    USE - Used in a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The introduction of oxygen is explosion-proof. No containers are required for dangerous chemicals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the conversion of a carbon monoxide-containing medium in a fuel cell system using at least one oxygen-permeable reactor wall.    Preferred Features: The reactor wall is hydrogen-impermeable and selectively oxygen-permeable. The reactor wall has at least one tubular membrane consisting of a ceramic material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a tubular membrane.    Tube (1)    Carbon monoxide-containing medium (2)    Reactor wall (3)    Carbon monoxide-free medium (4)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (1) has an anode and a non-consumable cathode (3) in a cell container. The anode is in a permeable fluid state admixed with a fluid electrolyte, and the cathode is disposed within the fluid anode to form a cell interface. The electrochemical cell further comprises a moving unit for moving cathode through anode to form cell interface between cathode and additional material of anode.    USE - Metal-air hybrid cell e.g. zinc-air type for providing reliable power source in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell enhances cell capacity and performance of fuel cells. Because a fresh interface is always available between the electrodes due to the movement of cathode, electrochemical cell is suitable for high rate discharge, and avoids high resistance build up at the interface which normally limits the rate of discharge. A series of electrochemically interconnected cathodes movable in tandem also increases the power and discharge capacity of the cell. Since the anode is present as a fluid pool, it is readily replenished. No separate storage supply reservoir is required to constantly supply fresh anode material. Only relatively simple and volumetrically minimal driving unit is required for the cathodes, and no pump for supply of metal anode paste and removal of reaction product is necessary, thereby greatly simplifying cell design.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of electrochemical cell having movable cathode and circulating anode.    Electrochemical cell (1')    Non-consumable cathode (3)
NOVELTY - A tubular reactor (50) for catalyzing reaction of hydrogen and a gaseous oxidant comprises an elongated housing, a porous catalyst filling the housing, inlets (52, 54) for gaseous fuel and oxidant, and outlet (56) through which a heated and humidified gas (fuel for fuel cell) exits. The catalyst promotes combustion between fuel and oxidant to generate heat and moisture.    USE - The tubular reactor is used for supplying heated and humidified fuel to fuel cells (claimed), which employ hydrogen as fuel and proton exchange membrane (PEM) as solid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Both humidity and heat are imparted to the stream (fuel) through the reactor, prior to the admission to the fuel cell stack, whereas in previous systems humidification through membrane stacks provided humidification only, without imparting a significant temperature shift to fuel for fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) fuel cell system (10); and    (b) method of operating fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (10)    Fuel stack (14)    Fuel supply line (16)    Catalytic reactor (50)    Hydrogen and air inlets (52, 54)    Tubular outlets (56)
NOVELTY - An electric energy generator, using of hydrogen and oxygen, comprises a hydrogen electrode membrane to which hydrogen is supplied and which is provided with a catalyst layer containing a dissociating catalyst for dissociating hydrogen to protons and electrons, an electrolyte membrane provided with a sheet that contains a proton permeable material and has voids, and an oxygen electrode membrane to which oxygen is supplied.    USE - The electric energy generator is used for generating a desired electromotive force.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Since the voids of the electrolyte membrane contain the proton permeable material and/or a dissociating catalyst, hydrogen hardly reaches the oxygen electrode membrane, and the concentration of hydrogen in the oxygen electrode membrane of when hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen electrode membrane is so lowered that a desired electromotive force is generated.
NOVELTY - A cation-selective ion exchange membrane is manufactured by contacting the side(s) of a membrane with a solution comprising soluble salt(s) of onium ion(s) and a salt which will prevent swelling of the membrane. The membrane comprises a polymer having side chains that contain acid or acid salt groups.    USE - For the manufacture of cation-selective ion exchange membranes used in electrolytic systems, electrodialysis systems, fuel cells, and secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides membranes having improved selectivity without causing significant increase in their resistivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of a cation-selective ion exchange membrane comprises contacting one or both sides of a membrane with a solution comprising soluble salt(s) of onium ion(s) and a salt which will prevent swelling of the membrane. Contacting is carried out for a period sufficient to allow the desired extent of substitution of the cations that are associated with the acid groups by onium ions. The membrane comprises a polymer having side chains that contain acid or acid salt groups.
NOVELTY - A method for manufacturing an anti-reflecting layer of a solar cell is provided to effectively reduce a surface reflection rate of a silicon solar cell and to obtain a surface passivation effect, by forming the anti-reflecting layer having a dual structure composed of CeO2 and MgF2.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - CeO2 having a lattice constant similar to that of silicon is deposited on a solar cell to form a CeO2 layer by using a sputtering method, evaporation method or chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method. MgF2 is deposited on the CeO2 layer by using an evaporation method, spray method or CVD method. The CeO2 layer is deposited on the CeO2 layer by a predetermined thickness by performing a sputtering method in an Ar/O2 atmosphere within a temperature scope from a room temperature to 400 deg.C. while using a Ce metal target.
NOVELTY - The terminal (21) has a spring (24) with a jaw (16) and narrow section (18) inserted into the terminal attaching hole (15) formed on the separator (14). A slack section (25) extends out from the jaw, to protrude out from the separator. The flexible section (26) of the terminal permits relative displacement between the separator and circuit board (23).    USE - Fuel cell voltage detector terminal.    ADVANTAGE - Favorable terminal connection is maintained with a simple structure and jaw of terminal can be easily released to remove terminal. Positional offset produced during cell lamination when flexible section bends, is absorbed, hence attachment of fuel cell stack and circuit board is done easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal-part sectional view of the fuel cell voltage detector terminal.    Separator (14)    Terminal attaching hole (15)    Jaw of spring (16)    Narrow section of spring (18)    Terminal (21)    Circuit board (23)    Spring (24)    Slack section (25)    Flexible section (26)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module comprises a transparent surface substrate having a first and a second major plane, a semiconductor photoelectric converting layer, a filling resin, and bottom surface cover provided on the first major plane of the substrate, and a glare-resistant film formed on the second major plane of the substrate.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a glare-resistant film effectively prevents light environmental pollution caused by light reflection. The glare-resistant film has improved hydrophilicity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery module comprises a transparent surface substrate having a first and a second major plane, a semiconductor photoelectric converting layer, a filling resin, and bottom surface cover provided on the first major plane of the substrate, and a glare-resistant film formed on the second major plane of the substrate. The glare-resistant film has good wettability having a contact angle to water of less than 75degrees.
NOVELTY - Production of ZrO2 by solvent treatment of thermally-dissociated Zr silicate (optionally SiO2-enriched) uses aqueous HF as the solvent.    USE - The ZrO2 thus obtained can be used in the production of pigments, (especially piezo-) ceramics, fuel cells or catalyst supports.    ADVANTAGE - Various ZrO2 modifications (monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic) with silica contents below 0.1 wt.% can be obtained in a one stage process and a content of as low as below 0.05 wt.% is achieved in 2 stages (claimed), this being unattainable in the process of EP501142 where silica contents of below 0.2 wt.% cannot be achieved even when using multiple stages with large amounts of alkali solvent.
NOVELTY - Production of a photoelectrically active compound semiconductor layer comprises forming a part of the layer in a vaporizing step; and then inserting an alkali metal dopant amount by co-vaporization of a corresponding alkali metal material into the layer during vaporizing.    USE - Used for a thin layer solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The alkali metal can be added in the required amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The alkali metal is sodium. The corresponding alkali metal material is sodium, Na2Se, Na2S or NaF. The alkali metal material co-vaporization rate is controlled to a doping concentration of up to 1018 cm-3. The compound semiconductor layer is formed on the substrate held at not more than 480, preferably not more than 450 degrees C during vaporization.
NOVELTY - Ammonia is autothermically decomposed by feeding a mixture of ammonia and oxygen-containing gas into a reaction zone. Ammonia decomposition catalyst is provided to decompose the ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen through endothermic reaction. A portion of the produced hydrogen is combusted in the reaction zone to maintain the ammonia decomposition reaction.    USE - The process is used for decomposing ammonia to produce high purity hydrogen useful as fuel in fuel cell and internal combustion engines (claimed). The hydrogen is also used in petroleum industry for hydrogenation, hydrocracking, hydrotreating and hydroisomerization.    ADVANTAGE - The process is made autothermic, i.e., without the need for added heat from an outside source. By conducting the ammonia decomposition reaction under such autothermic conditions leads to higher conversions of ammonia and to higher hydrogen selectivities.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell gas diffusion substrate comprises primary fibers, secondary fibers in the form of carbon nanofibers, thermoplastic polymers for binding the fibers, and a carbon based filler/coating material. The loading of the carbon based filler/coating material is more than 15 weight %.    USE - For fuel cells, metal-air batteries, electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical reactors for electrosynthesis of useful chemical compounds, or separator mats for batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon nanofibers of the invention provides distinct properties and are not merely very small conventional carbon fibers. They can be produced with much smaller fiber diameters and shorter fiber length than conventional carbon fibers. They also have a different morphology from the materials normally classified as carbon fibers. They are vapor grown graphitic or semi-graphitic carbon structures (tubular, solid, intermediate in nature) that exist as curved, intertwined entanglements or clusters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a gas diffusion electrode comprising a gas diffusion substrate and an electrocatalyst material, and    (b) a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprising the gas diffusion electrode.
NOVELTY - Contaminant is removed from a fuel cell, e.g. proton-exchange membrane cell by passing a removal substance through a flow channel of fuel cell. The substance is selected to remove the contaminant.    USE - The method is used for removing contaminant from a fuel cell, e.g. proton-exchange membrane cell or fuel cell in e.g. bus and automobile, or from a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The method removes a variety of contaminants from fuel cell and enhances fuel cell or fuel cell stack performance. It utilizes inexpensive and easily obtainable removal substance and wash solutions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a de-contaminating kit comprising an element for identifying a contaminant in the cell and a removal substance.
NOVELTY - Reformer controller comprises reformer with catalyst unit containing catalysts for steam reforming and partial oxidation reactions, and suppliers for raw fuel gas and oxidizing gas to catalyst unit. Correctors adjust the amount of gas fed to the catalyst unit, and/or its feed timing based on reaction state detectors.    USE - In fuel cell power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Conventionally, the concentration of oxygen in an oxidizing gas is controlled without changing the quantity of oxygen depending on the temperature of the reformer. Errors in the amounts of feed gas thus cause abnormality in the temperature distribution in the reformer. The novel apparatus allows for more stable control of reaction rates, by monitoring reaction rates within the catalyst unit as well as upstream of this unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reformer controller comprises reformer with catalyst unit containing catalysts for steam reforming and partial oxidation reactions, and suppliers for raw fuel gas, containing hydrocarbon and steam, and oxidizing gas, containing oxygen, to catalyst unit. Correctors adjust the amounts of fuel and oxidizing gases fed to the catalyst unit, and oxidizing gas and/or its feed timing based on reaction state detectors within the catalyst unit and upstream of fuel gas and oxidizing gas flows into catalyst unit, respectively.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of controlling a reformer using the abovementioned apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of a fuel cell power generation system loading a reformer controlling apparatus.
NOVELTY - A solar cell structure is made by forming first layer of conductive material and second layer of amorphous silicon over a substrate. The second layer is annealed to convert into polycrystalline silicon, and formed with a third layer of amorphous silicon to form a p-n junction between the second and third layers. The third layer is also annealed, and formed with fourth layer of conductive material.    USE - For forming a solar cell structure.    ADVANTAGE - The formed solar cell structure is transparent, thus can be placed over glass or other see-through structures. The inventive method is cost effective as it uses thin film amorphous silicon. The annealing step uses an Excimer laser, thus allowing the formation of polycrystalline silicon without exposing the substrate to high temperature that will destroy or distort it.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of solar cell structure involves sequentially forming first conductive layer (120) and second amorphous silicone layer (135) of first dopant type overlying a substrate layer (110). The second layer is annealed to convert the amorphous silicon into polycrystalline silicon. A third amorphous silicon layer (145) of second dopant type is formed over the second layer forming a p-n junction between the second and third layers. The third layer is annealed to convert the amorphous silicon to polycrystalline silicon. A fourth conductive layer (150) is formed overlying the third layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional diagram of the inventive transparent solar cell.    Substrate layer (110)    First conductive layer (120)    Second amorphous silicone layer (135)    Third amorphous silicon layer (145)    Fourth conductive layer (150)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell as power supply is connected to electrolytic cell through electric power converter for voltage adjustments. The electrolytic cell is started by fuel cell. The voltage of the electrolytic cell is raised gradually to the voltage of fuel cell using electric power converter. The electrolytic cell is stably operated through the converter to electrolyte salt water to form sodium hypochlorite solution.    USE - For controlling salt water electrolyzer to form sodium hypochlorite solution.    ADVANTAGE - The fluctuation of fuel cell output during connection of fuel cell and electrolytic cell, is prevented. The fuel cell is operated stably, and the sodium hypochlorite solution is formed stably. The electric power loss of the electric power converter is eliminated.
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon layer (9) is formed by introducing a metal catalyst element to the amorphous silicon layer under an electric field of predetermined strength at predetermined temperature along its thickness direction. The p-type and n-type polycrystalline silicon films (4,6) are formed on either sides of the silicon layer.    USE - Crystalline silicon thin film semiconductor device used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the polycrystalline silicon layer is formed at predetermined temperature and electric field of predetermined strength quality is improved and cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for crystalline silicon thin film semiconductor manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the crystalline silicon thin film semiconductor device.    Polycrystalline silicon films (4,6)    Polycrystalline silicon layer (9)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (1) system consists of a heater (6) which heats the cell using a heat carrier, which is circulated in the cell. The heat carrier entrance is heated to predetermined temperature, so as to generate electricity. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the cell and electricity is generated at the entrance. Non-heated area of the cell is heated using heat generated by electricity, through heat carrier.    USE - For electricity generation and to control the temperature of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system effectively controls the temperature non-uniformity of the fuel cell during its heating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell (1) system consists of a heater (6) which heats the cell using a heat carrier which is circulated in the cell. The heat carrier has an entrance which is heated by the heater to predetermined temperature, so as to generate electricity. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the cell and electricity generation is started near the heat carrier entrance. The non-heated area of the fuel cell is heated using the heat, generated by the electricity generation, through the heat carrier. The fuel cell performs chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and produces an electric power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model figure of the schematic structure of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Heater (6)
NOVELTY - Glass material from damaged portion of a glass substrate is removed and inorganic polymer coating film (23) is provided to the removed portion (22).    USE - Solar battery module manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - As the damaged portion of glass substrate is repaired, high quality solar battery module without revealing repaired areas is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of glass substrate of solar battery module provided with inorganic polymer coating film.    Removed portion of glass substrate (22)    Inorganic polymer coating film (23)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive paste (10) attaches lead wires (9a,9b) with an electrode terminal (7). The paste (10) in the attachment portion of the lead wires and the electrode terminal, is coated with a coating agent (11).    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since electrode terminal is connected with lead wire using a electric conducting paste, the loss of output electric power is reduced. The coating agent of lead wire improves the weather resistance and hence a high output is obtained for longer period, reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the solar battery sub-module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode terminal (7)    Lead wires (9a,9b)    Electroconductive paste (10)    Coating agent (11)
NOVELTY - A photo-carrier generating and transporting thin film for photo-electric transducers comprises a polyaniline derivative comprising specific repeating units.    USE - For photo-electric transducers including transistors, light emitting diodes or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The films are free of solvent, generating photo-carriers with longer life time and mobility, providing photo-electric transducers having improved conversion efficiency and higher switching time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photo-carrier generating and transporting thin film for photo-electric transducers comprises a polyaniline derivative comprising specific repeating units of formula (I).    R = oleophilic group.
NOVELTY - The removal carbon dioxide from a mixture of water and fuel in a fuel cell comprises using an electro-osmosis separating device.    USE - Used in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon dioxide removal is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electro-osmosis cell device for performing the removal process.
NOVELTY - Membranes comprise at least one polymeric acid and before, during or after the membrane forming process salts, metal oxide, metal hydroxides or their corresponding organic precursors are incorporated into the membrane.    USE - The membranes are useful for the recovery of energy by electrochemical means, as a component of a membrane fuel cell (H2 or direct methanol fuel cell) at 0-180 degreesC, in electrochemical cells, in secondary batteries, in electrolysis cells, in membrane separation processes, such as gas separation, pervaporation, perstraction, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and diffusion dialysis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membranes have good mechanical and thermal stability with improved water retention capacity at or above 100 degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for the production of the membranes by mixing a polymeric acid having SO3X-, PO3X2-, COOX or B(OX)2 (where X is H or a mono-tetravalent metal cation), at least one polymeric base having prim., sec or tert amine groups, pyridine groups, imidazole-, benzimadazole-, triazole-, benzotriazole-pyrazole- or benzpyrazole groups either in the side or main chains and at least one metallo or elemento-organic compound in a dipolar aprotic solvent, preferably N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or sulfolan.
NOVELTY - Reformate fuel treatment system for fuel cell power plant comprises at least one fuel cell to generate electricity from reformate fuel and process oxidant streams with electrolyte, reformer to process hydrocarbon fuel into reformate and disposable ammonia scrubber in fluid communication with reformer.    USE - Fuel cell for use in vehicles, or portable or stationary power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Reformation of hydrocarbon fuels generates ammonia that reduces the efficiency of a fuel cell. The novel system effectively reduces ammonia levels in the fuel cell to below 1 ppm using an ammonia scrubbing arrangement that may be either disposable or regenerable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reformate fuel treatment system for fuel cell power plant comprises at least one fuel cell (12) to generate electricity from reformate fuel and process oxidant streams with electrolyte (30) secured between anode (32) and cathode (34) catalysts, component to process hydrocarbon fuel into reformate including reformer (48), and disposable ammonia scrubber (86) in fluid communication with reformer, secured with fuel inlet that directs reformate fuel from scrubber to pass the anode catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematically a reformate fuel treatment system for a fuel cell power plant including a disposable ammonia scrubber.    fuel cell (12)    electrolyte (30)    anode (32)    cathode (34)    oxidant blower (36)    water transport plate (40)    reformer (48)    ammonia scrubber (86)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide is selectively oxidized in a hydrogen-rich gas stream by contacting a mixture of the hydrogen-rich gas stream and a molecular oxygen-containing gas with a monolithic structure material, at a gas velocity such that flow through the monolithic structure is laminar. The monolithic structure material has a conductivity of at least 30 W/m-K, and is provided with a catalyst.    USE - For the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas stream.    ADVANTAGE - The method minimizes the temperature gradients in a catalyst bed without applying internal cooling, and results in higher carbon monoxide conversion.
NOVELTY - An oxide tin/oxide titanium double oxide semiconductor electrode is provided to reduce the manufacturing costs by one third of the conventional price.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxide tin/oxide titanium double oxide semiconductor electrode includes a SnO2/TiO2 oxide semiconductor layer as well as an Eosin Y color agent. The color agent is provided on the surface of the semiconductor applied. The SnO2/TiO2 oxide semiconductor layer includes a glass substrate including a conductive surface and an oxide tin and oxide titanium. The SnO2/TiO2 oxide semiconductor layer includes RuL2(SCN)2 color agent on the surface thereof. Further, SnO2/TiO2 oxide semiconductor layer, a matching electrode which corresponds to the electrode and a Redox material touching the electrode.
NOVELTY - A hybrid vehicle comprises a hydrogen engine (2) and a motor (3) as a power source, and a hydrogen storage apparatus (6) which supplies hydrogen as fuel to the hydrogen engine and a fuel cell (7). The fuel supplied to the hydrogen engine is used to drive a motor. The hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell is used to generate electric power to drive the motor.    USE - As a hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A driving force sufficient to drive a vehicle is obtained, without generating exhaust gas. The hydrogen is efficiently used as a fuel for a hydrogen engine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of a hybrid vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen engine (2)    Motor (3)    Hydrogen storage apparatus (6)    Fuel cell (7)
NOVELTY - Inflammable waste material with volatile matter/fixed carbon ratio of one or more is thermolyzed initially in a decomposition furnace (1) at 400-1000degreesC under low concentration oxygen atmosphere which is 3 volume% (vol.%) or less of oxygen. Again the material is thermolyzed in a decomposition furnace (2) 1000-1500degreesC under low concentration oxygen atmosphere which is 3 vol.% or less of oxygen.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from inflammable waste materials and the hydrogen and carbon monoxide are used for fuel cells, and for synthesis of ammonia and methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Water and tar produced from initial thermolysis, is reacted in the subsequent thermolysis, producing high purity hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide are manufactured with yield of 50 weight% or more. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide is obtained at volume ratio of 0.8-3 and at lower calorific value greater than 1500 kcal/Nm3.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ratio of water/tar in the initially thermolyzed material is 0.5-1.5.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow sheet of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide manufacturing method.    Decomposition furnaces (1,2)
NOVELTY - Heat transfer plates are arranged in piles to accelerate the heat transfer of each gas in main housing of heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a molded construction in the periphery. A raw material heater (16) is arranged between each transfer plate without brazing a fin. The heater is attached in a modifier (6) through a heat insulating material (20).    USE - For modifying raw material gas such as natural gas in carbonate type fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing cost by eliminating brazing operation of fins and thereby facilitates mass production having the same manufacturing method as that of raw material pre-heater. Obtains a compact apparatus with increased structural strength in high temperature area of a raw material pre-heater.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A modification chamber and a combustion chamber are arranged vertically in alternate piles. The heat exchanger carries out heat exchange between a raw material gas and a modified gas whose piping (5,8) protrude horizontally from the side of the raw material pre-heater.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of raw material pre-heater and the integrated plate type modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Piping (5,8)    Modifier (6)    Raw material heater (16)    Heat insulating material (20)
NOVELTY - A heat reclaimer (150) heats methanol mixed solution before supplying to hydrogen production device (100), using exhaust gas from a burner (111). A heat insulation container (151) stores heated methanol solution which is supplied to the hydrogen production device.    USE - For vehicle, vessel and portable electricity generation device.    ADVANTAGE - Heated methanol solution is stably supplied to the hydrogen production device, thereby operation of the fuel cell is stabilized immediately after the start-up.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen production device (100)    Burner (111)    Heat reclaimer (150)    Heat insulation container (151)
NOVELTY - By-pass pipe (7) selectively supplies heating gas to fuel cell stack portions (1a,1b) which charges a secondary battery (17). Electrical connection switch (19) selectively connects fuel cell stack portion and secondary battery. Controller (29) controls the by-pass pipe and the connection switch such that electric power generated by the fuel cell stack portion is supplied to the secondary battery.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents over-discharge of secondary battery during starting of fuel cell stack by using control apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell stack portions (1a, 1b)    By-pass pipe (7)    Secondary battery (17)    Electrical connection switch (19)    Controller (29)
NOVELTY - Heat insulation unit with vacuum insulation structure is provided surrounding the fuel cell main unit (105) such that vacuum chamber (111) is formed. The degree of vacuum is adjusted according to the temperature distribution along axial direction of fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell with thermal protection structure.    ADVANTAGE - Failure due to contact by difference in thermal expansion inside the cell and cell tube on temperature change is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of a fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell main unit (105)    Vacuum chamber (111)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (200) generates electricity by chemical processing of hydrogen and oxygen. Another fuel cell (210) generates electricity by chemical processing of unreacted hydrogen and oxygen that are output from the fuel cell (200). A valve (505) closes or opens the exhaust route which outputs unreacted hydrogen ejected from fuel cell (200) to fuel cell (210).    USE - For vehicles, vessels and portable electricity generation device.    ADVANTAGE - Effective usage of unreacted hydrogen is performed by the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cells (200,210)    Valve (505)
NOVELTY - A composite layer having predetermined length, comprises internal and external catalyst layers (14a,14b) on both sides of an electrolyte layer (13). The composite layer is between the internal electrodes (12a,12b) of predetermined length, such that gas passageways (15a,15b) are formed between the electrodes.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies structure and production process of fuel cell. Improves yield and production cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory and sectional views of fuel cell.    Internal electrodes (12a,12b)    Electrolyte layer (13)    Catalyst layers (14a,14b)    Gas passageways (15a,15b)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte film has area (I) consisting of a polymer containing ion exchange group having ionic conductivity, and area (II) consisting of polymer not having ion exchange group.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte film has excellent film strength and ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) manufacture of solid polymer electrolyte film: The method involves forming a film and then introducing ion exchange group to partial area of the film;    (ii) solid polymer fuel cell which is equipped with solid polymer electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - Membranes comprise at least one polymeric acid halide and before, during or after the membrane forming process, salts, metal oxides, metal hydroxides or their corresponding organic precursors are incorporated into the membrane.    USE - The membranes are useful for the recovery of energy by electrochemical means, as a component of a membrane fuel cell (H2 or direct methanol fuel cell) at 0-180 degreesC, in electrochemical cells, in secondary batteries, in electrolysis cells, in membrane separation processes, such as gas separation, pervaporation, perstraction, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and diffusion dialysis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membranes have good mechanical and thermal stability with improved water retention capacity at or above 100 degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for the production of the membranes (I) by mixing a polymeric acid halide having SO2X-, POX2-, COX- or BX2 groups (where X is F, Cl, Br, I) with metallo- or elemento-organic compounds in a dipolar aprotic solvent, preferably N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or sulfolane or in an ether solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glyme, diglyme and/or triglyme.
NOVELTY - Reduction of carbon monoxide from hydrocarbon reformate involves channeling reformate-oxidizing gas mixture into reactors comprising bifunctional material, chemisorbing the carbon monoxide by the bifunctional material, converting the chemisorbed carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, and regenerating the chemisorption capacity of the bifunctional material in the reactors.    USE - For reducing CO from hydrocarbon reformate used in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, particularly PEM fuel stack.    ADVANTAGE - The method eliminates parasitic consumption of hydrogen and the reverse shift effect. It also optimizes the speed, robustness and thoroughness of CO removal even when the CO level in the reformate fuel input changes significantly. It fully utilizes a packed bed adsorbent with minimum volume and weight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) from hydrocarbon reformate involves mixing an oxidizing gas with the reformate to form a reformate-oxidizing gas mixture, channeling the mixture into reactors comprising bifunctional material, preferentially chemisorbing the CO by the bifunctional material, converting the chemisorbed CO to carbon dioxide, and regenerating the chemisorption capacity of the bifunctional material in the reactors. The reactors are capable of positional change.
NOVELTY - An electricity generation system (22) has a plasma-type gasification melting furnace (1) which gasifies a combustible material (23) containing carbon and hydrogen at preset temperature. Harmful substances are removed (26) from the obtained gas (25) to form a purified gas, which is supplied to an electrical power generator (30).    USE - For generating electricity by gas turbine and fuel cell using combustible material, such as refuse and coal.    ADVANTAGE - The combustible material is gasified easily at high temperatures without generating dioxin. A pure gas free of harmful substance is used for electricity generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows flow chart of electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Melting furnace (1)    Electricity generation system (22)    Combustible target component (23)    Gasification gas (25)    Gas purification device (26)    Purified gas (27)    Electrical power generating device (30)
NOVELTY - An internal combustion engine system comprises a fuel reformer (6) to reform a fuel using reforming catalyst and water and to supply a reformed gas to the engine (1), units (11,19) to supply fuel and water to the reformer when stoppage of engine is detected, and a unit to store the reformed gas formed by the reformer after stoppage of engine.    USE - As internal combustion engine system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The internal combustion engine can be restarted easily. The temperature of the fuel reformer after engine stoppage is reduced. Increase in pressure within the reformed gas storage unit is prevented, and reliability of fuel supply system is improved. Partial oxidation which is an exothermic reaction, is prevented during stoppage of engine. The amount of storage of reformed gas is increased reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the internal combustion engine system with fuel reformer.    Engine (1)    Intake passage (2)    Fuel reformer (6)    Fuel valve (11)    Air pump (13)    Air valve (15)    Water valve (19)    Reservoir (20)    Gas valve (23)    Temperature sensor (32)    Pressure sensor (33)
NOVELTY - An electroplating system comprises oxygen recovery unit (5) to recover oxygen generated by electrolysis in plating liquid contained in bath (2), hydrogen recovery unit (6) to recover hydrogen generated by metal dissolution tank (4), electric power device and fuel cell. The fuel cell performs electricity generation, and sets recovered hydrogen as fuel and recovered oxygen as oxidizing agent.    USE - For electroplating steel strip.    ADVANTAGE - The electroplating system has improved efficiency and the energy saving of resources is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electroplating system comprises oxygen recovery unit (5) to recover oxygen generated by electrolysis in plating liquid contained in bath (2), hydrogen recovery unit (6) to recover hydrogen generated by metal dissolution tank (4), electric power device and fuel cell. The fuel cell performs electricity generation, and set hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidizing agent. The metal dissolution tank replenishes the metal plating metal ion to plating liquid in the bath.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electric power supply method, which involves recovering oxygen generated by electrolysis, recovering hydrogen generated by metal dissolution tank, performing electricity generation of fuel cell which sets recovered hydrogen as fuel and recovered oxygen as oxidizing agent, and supplying electric power by which the electricity generation is carried out, to the electrode in the bath.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematic block diagram of electroplating system.    Bath (2)    Metal dissolution tank (4)    Oxygen recovery unit (5)    Hydrogen recovery unit (6)
NOVELTY - The system includes a heat release apparatus which releases heat into interior side of motor vehicle. A heat carrier (301) conveys heat of fuel cell and an engine (10), to the heat release apparatus.    USE - In hybrid motor vehicles mounted with fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves operation performance by control unit which monitors operation of regulation unit, and hence efficient heating of vehicle indoor is performed by using the heat source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A regulation unit adjusts supply of heat to heat release apparatus from fuel cell and engine. A control unit is provided to monitor operation of regulation unit. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for indoor heating method of hybrid motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an explanatory diagram of indoor heating system. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    engine (10)    heat carrier (301)
NOVELTY - A heating gas or oxidizing agent flow path (4) is formed in a support material (3) of a laminate (10) composed of electrolyte layer (1) and electrode layers (2). A hydrophilic photocatalyst layer (5) is formed on the flow path (4).    USE - Fuel battery with heating gas or oxidizing agent flow path occlusion prevention structure.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids occlusion of flow path by water droplet and facilitates smooth flow of heating gas and oxidizing agent by forming hydrophilic photocatalyst layer, thereby improving operation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of principal portion of fuel battery.    Electrolyte layer (1)    Electrode layers (2)    Support material (3)    Flow path (4)    Hydrophilic photocatalyst layer (5)    Laminate (10)
NOVELTY - Synthesis of dimethyltin dichloride comprises reacting tin with methyl chloride in the presence of an organophosphorus compound as a catalyst.    USE - Dimethyltin dichloride is used as a raw material for a transparent conductive tin oxide film useful in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - High purity dimethyltin dichloride is prepared using a cheap catalyst which can be easily recovered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Synthesis of dimethyltin dichloride comprises reacting tin with methyl chloride in the presence of an organophosphorus compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) as catalyst.    R1- R4 = 1-24C alkyl or aryl;    X = Cl or Br
NOVELTY - The activator containing zirconium-hafnium oxide, monazite is packed with synthetic resin and coated with a protective film. The activator is inserted into the sulfuric acid liquid and accelerates the ionization activity of water molecules.    USE - Used in storage battery of motor vehicles and in the electrolysis diaphragm of the fuel cell, in aluminum battery which is used to treat affected skin, relieve back pain and provide shoulder fitness, for purification of waste water and enzymatic decomposition of gasoline fuel of fuel/light oil.    ADVANTAGE - The activation increases ionization of water molecules, when used with a fuel cell and reduces power consumption. The activator also reduces possible hazards in disposed batteries as the activator of appropriate chemical composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of stick to insert an activator.
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode layer (102), a photoelectric conversion layer (103) and a backside electrode layer are formed on one surface of a permeable organic resin substrate (101). The surface passivation layer which contains a white filler is formed on the other surface of the organic substrate.    USE - Solar battery for low power consuming electronic devices such as calculator, clock, radio, wrist watch.    ADVANTAGE - The surface reflection reduces due to the unevenness of surface passivation layer. The incident light quantity increases conjointly with optical containment effect due to the filler. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar battery is enhanced. Exterior quality of the wrist watch using the solar battery is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view explaining production process of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Permeable organic resin substrate (101)    Transparent electrode layer (102)    Photoelectric conversion layer (103)
NOVELTY - An adhesive film (1) has resin layer (3) containing ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymerization system, bonded to a glass non-woven fabric (2).    USE - Used as sealing film in solar batteries (claimed) and laminated glass.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive film can be laminated effectively on various plates, without any problems such as exclusion of adhesive. The adhesive film has high quality, excellent electric insulation property, dimensional stability, heat resistance, fire resistance, corrosion resistance and durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of adhesive film.    adhesive film (1)    glass nonwoven fabric (2)    adhesion resin layer (3)
NOVELTY - An aggregate, especially a drive aggregate for a vehicle, which requires oxygen as well as other fuels for the drive, has a membrane separating the oxygen from the surrounding air.    USE - The aggregate preferably is a vehicle drive aggregate (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Supplying fuel cells with pure oxygen and hydrogen increases their efficiency and power density. However, the gases must be kept in separate containers or produced by electrolysis in a lithium high-energy cell of the lithium/water or lithium/hydrogen peroxide type. As these increase the load, they do not increase the efficiency or power density. Using a membrane to separate oxygen from the surrounding air increases the power density and efficiency and saves energy. The aggregate is very reliable and reduces emissions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the use of a membrane in an aggregate, especially the above aggregate, which is placed in the suction/feed pipe of a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of an aggregate with suction system and feed pipes.    Aggregate (1)    Fuel cell (3)    Hydrogen supply pipe (7)    Suction pipe (9)    Ambient air feed pipe (11)    Oxygen feed pipe (13)    Membrane (15)    Exhaust gas pipe (17)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer comprises particles having several peaks in distribution of grain sizes.    USE - The semiconductor layer is used in the field of solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - The product has improved efficiency in converting light energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solar cell using the semiconductor layer,    (2) preparation of the semiconductor layer,    (3) preparation of the solar cell and    (4) an electricity supplying apparatus using the solar cell.
NOVELTY - A composite ion-exchange material has a first conductive polymer and a support material for the polymer. The support material comprises a second conductive polymer.    USE - The composite ion exchange material, e.g. ion-exchange membrane is used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell or electrolyzers (claimed). The membrane may be used in Hydrogen Fuel Cells or Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. It is also used in filtration (as parts of filtration membranes), e.g. ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or in reverse osmosis.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive material has improved mechanical and physical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making a composite material.
NOVELTY - A combustor (5) burns the off-gas discharged from the anode of fuel cell and a condenser condenses the water content in the off-gas. Reservoirs (36,44) accumulate the condensed content.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Unstable combustion and pulsation and accidental fire due to combustion by the condensed water content are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    Combustor (5)    Reservoirs (36,44)
NOVELTY - A solar battery element (3) is provided between heat resistant resin filler layers (2,4). A transparent, elastic protective layer (1) and a protective layer (5) are formed on respective surfaces of respective filler layers.    USE - Solar battery module for use in electronic device such as calculator.    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of battery is prevented by using heat resistant resin filler layer comprising resin layer such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. Excellent weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance, and wind pressure resistance properties are achieved, thus reliability is improved and durability is increased. Since manufacturing is simplified, cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar battery module.    Protective layers (1,5)    Filler layers (2,4)    Solar battery element (3)
NOVELTY - A polyarylene copolymer comprises (A) 60-3 mol% aromatic compound units having a main chain containing electron-withdrawing group(s), and (B) 40-97 mol% aromatic compound units having a main chain containing no electron-withdrawing groups.    USE - Useful as proton-conductive membrane (claimed) utilizable in applications such as electrolytes for primary batteries, electrolytes for secondary batteries, solid polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, display elements, various sensors, signal-transmitting media, solid capacitors, or ion-exchange membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The copolymers can be sulfonated while being easily regulated by the amount of sulfonic acid groups to be incorporated. The sulfonated polymer has high proton conductivity, shows excellent adhesion to substrates and electrodes, is not brittle, and has excellent strength and excellent resistance to hot water.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell arrangement comprises catalytic reactor units (3, 10, 12, 13) for converting a fuel which is used to operate the cell. A heating fuel different from the fuel is used to heat the reactor units. A catalyst for converting the heating fuel to heat the units is also provided.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cold start behavior of the arrangement is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a reformer for converting a fuel; and    (b) a process for treating fuel with the reformer.    Preferred Features: The catalytic material of the reformer is the same material as the catalytic material of the catalyst for converting the heating fuel. The reactor units contain the catalyst for converting the heating fuel. The reformed fuel corresponds to the heating fuel. At least one storage unit (20) is provided for storing the reformed fuel. A valve or dosing unit is arranged between the reactor unit and the storage unit. A pressure producing unit (21) is arranged between the reactor unit and the storage unit. A control unit regulates the conversion of the heating fuel. The catalytic units comprise a reformer (10), an oxidation unit (13), a shift unit (12) and a catalytic burner (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell arrangement.    Catalytic burner (3)    Reformer (10)    Shift unit (12)    Oxidation unit (13)    Storage unit (20)    Pressure producing unit (21)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a silica gel comprises forming a burned ash by burning grain husks, forming a mixed liquid by stirring and mixing the burned ash in an aqueous solution containing a strong alkali component, heating the mixture and solid-liquid separating into a filtrate and ash, cooling the filtrate to precipitate solids and solid-liquid separating and washing the solids.    USE - The silica gel is used in the production of inorganic materials of such as semiconductors, optical fibres, solar cells, various fine ceramics etc.    ADVANTAGE - High purity silica gel is produced from e.g. unhulled rice husks which are produced in a large quantity and treated as a waste. The silica gel is simply.
NOVELTY - A polymeric composition comprises a blend of highly fluorinated ion-exchange polymer (HFIEP) and highly fluorinated non-functional polymer (HFNFP). The blend has interpenetrating continuous phase of HFIEP and HFNFP.    USE - For use in manufacture of membranes for electro-chemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The composition is widely useful for protective and other coating applications, with improved adhesion on substrates. The composition containing ion-exchange polymers in their precursor forms, has improved tensile and/or other properties. The HFNFP increases resistance to chemical and thermal degradation. The polymeric composition when used in electro-chemical purposes has high ionic conductivity with higher ion-exchanger polymer content. The membranes obtained using the polymeric composition has higher tensile strength, and has thickness of less than 50 microns, hence has improved electrical performance.
NOVELTY - The inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) is formed on one side of the base film (1). A heat resistant polypropylene group resin film containing, whitener and ultraviolet absorber is formed on both sides of the film.    USE - Solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module has excellent weather resistance, heat-resistance, water-resistance, light resistance, wind pressure-resistant property, hail resistance, chemical resistance, damp proofing, stain-repellent property, light reflection property, light diffusion property and design property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module. The surface protection film contains a filling layer, solar battery element as photovoltaic cell and inorganic oxide vapor deposition film to one side of the base film. The reverse side is coated with polypropylene group film. The sheet is laminated with heat resistant polypropylene group resin containing whitener, ultraviolet absorber in both sides of base film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of reverse side protection sheet for solar battery module.    Base film (1)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)
NOVELTY - Process for removing carbon dioxide from a water-fuel mixture present in a fuel cell comprises using a separating device operating according to the principle of a fuel cell.    USE - Used for removing carbon dioxide from a water-fuel mixture present in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Removal of carbon dioxide is efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for carrying out the process comprising a separating device operating according to the principle of a fuel cell. Preferred Features: The fuel is methanol. The anode liquid is guided through a membrane in the separating device. The methanol is conveyed together with the water to the cathode and the liquid enriched with the carbon dioxide at the anode remains. The liquid enriched with the carbon dioxide is separated into gas and water in a gas separator.
NOVELTY - Process for cold starting fuel cells in a fuel cell arrangement comprises directly converting process gas in a catalytic reaction on a suitable catalyst into thermal energy; and using the thermal energy to heat the fuel cell arrangement. The process of heating the fuel cell arrangement is carried out separately from the operation of the arrangement.    USE - Used for cold starting a polymer-membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic surfaces are optimized for the catalytic reaction. Heat losses are minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell arrangement comprising heating units which form separated components in a fuel cell stack.    Preferred Features: The catalytic reaction is optimized by forming a concentration gradient in the catalyst coating of the heating unit.
NOVELTY - An integrated reactor comprises a waste gas oxidizer assembly (14) comprising a chamber (62), an inlet, an outlet (80) and a flow path for exothermic gases produced in the chamber; and an autothermal reactor assembly (12) comprising process gas inlet and outlet (36, 42) and a catalyst bed between the inlet and the outlet. Part of process gas inlet is located in waste gas oxidizer flow path.    USE - The integrated reactor is used to produce fuel gas for a fuel cell, which is an alternative way of producing electricity for use in commercial and industrial establishments, electric vehicles, and homes.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of the integrated reactor allows for operation of the ATR assembly using lower amounts of oxidant or air compared with the state-of-the-art system, thus achieving higher efficiencies because less fuel is directly processed with oxygen and more fuel is directly processed with steam. The arrangement facilitates heat transfer within the reactor, thus high quality heat generated in the combustor of WGO assembly can be used to preheat the process gas entering the ATR.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a method of controlling the integrated reactor; and    (B) a method of providing thermal energy to the process gases in an autothermal reactor assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of the integrated reactor.    ATR assembly (12)    WGO assembly (14)    Partial oxidation catalyst (30)    Steam methane reformer catalysts (32, 34)    Process gas inlet and outlet (36, 42)    WGO annular space (56)    WGO chamber (62)    Ignition mechanism (68)    WGO outlet (80)
NOVELTY - Fuel for a fuel cell system comprises at least 5 vol.% hydrocarbon oil as fuel total amount, 0.5-20 vol.% oxygen-containing compound based on fuel total amount, at most 15 vol.% 4C hydrocarbon compound, at least 5 vol.% 5C hydrocarbon compound, at least 10 vol.% 6C hydrocarbon compound, at least 20 vol.% 7C and 8C hydrocarbon compound and at most 20 vol.% at least 10C hydrocarbon compound.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Water (2)    Fuel preheater (3)    Steam generator (4)    Vaporized fuel (5)    Steam (6)    Reformer (7)    Reformed gas (8)    Carbon monoxide treating device (9)    Solid polymer fuel cell (10)    Air (11)    Electric energy (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system contains at most 15 wt.% 4C hydrocarbon compounds, at least 5 vol.% 5C hydrocarbon compounds and at least 10 vol.% 6C hydrocarbon compounds.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of the fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Water (2)    Fuel pre-heater (3)    Steam generator (4)    Vaporized fuel (5)    Steam (6)    Reformer (7)    Reformed gas (8)    Carbon monoxide treating device (9)    Solid polymer fuel cell (10)    Air (11)    Electric energy (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system contains at least 20 vol.% of 7C + 8C hydrocarbon compounds and at most 20 vol.% at least 10C hydrocarbon compounds.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of the fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel pre-heater (3)    Steam generator (4)    Reformer (7)    Carbon monoxide treating device (9)    Solid polymer fuel cell (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system contains at least 5 vol.% hydrocarbon oil based on fuel total weight, 0.5-40 mass% oxygen-containing compounds relative to the total amount of fuel, at least 20 vol.% 7C + 8C hydrocarbon compounds based on total amount of hydrocarbon oil and at most 20 vol.% at least 10C hydrocarbon compounds based on hydrocarbon oil total amount.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of the fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (a)    Water (b)    Fuel pre-heater (c)    Steam generator (d)    Vaporized fuel (e)    Steam (f)    Reformer (g)    Reformed gas (h)    Carbon monoxide treating device (i)    Solid polymer fuel cell (j)    Air (k)    Electric energy (l)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system contains 0.5-40 mass% oxygen-containing compounds relative to the total amount of fuel.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of the fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Water (2)    Fuel pre-heater (3)    Steam generator (4)    Vaporized fuel (5)    Steam (6)    Reformer (7)    Reformed gas (8)    Carbon monoxide treating device (9)    Solid polymer fuel cell (10)    Air (11)    Electric energy (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system comprises hydrocarbon compounds which have an initial temperature of distillation of 24-50 degrees C, a 10 vol.% distillation temperature of 35-70 degrees C, a 90 ol.% distillation temperature of 100-180 degrees C and a final distillation temperature of 130-210 degrees C.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of the fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Water (2)    Fuel Preheater (3)    Steam Generator (4)    Vaporized Fuel (5)    Steam (6)    Reformer (7)    Reformed Gas (8)    Carbon Monoxide Treating Device (9)    Solid Polymer Fuel Cell (10)    Air (11)    Electric Energy (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system comprises hydrocarbon compounds which have an initial temperature of distillation of 24-40 degrees C, a 10 vol.% distillation temperature of 25-50 degrees C, a 90 vol.% distillation temperature of 45-130 degrees C and a final distillation temperature of 55-150 degrees C.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of the fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Water (2)    Fuel pre-heater (3)    Steam generator (4)    Vaporized fuel (5)    Steam (6)    Reformer (7)    Reformed gas (8)    Carbon monoxide treating device (9)    Solid polymer fuel cell (10)    Air (11)    Electric energy (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system comprises hydrocarbon compounds which have an initial temperature of distillation of 40-100 degrees C, a 10 vol.% distillation temperature of 50-120 degrees C, a 90 vol.% distillation temperature of 110-180 degrees C and a final distillation temperature of 130-210 degrees C.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of a fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Water (2)    Fuel pre-heater (3)    Steam generator (4)    Vaporized fuel (5)    Steam (6)    Reformer (7)    Reformed gas (8)    Carbon monoxide treating device (9)    Solid polymer fuel cell (10)    Air (11)    Electric energy (12)
NOVELTY - Fuel for a fuel cell system comprises at most 15 vol.% 4C hydrocarbon compound, at least 5 vol.% 5C hydrocarbon compound, at least 10 vol.% 6C hydrocarbon compound, at least 20 vol.% 7C and 8C hydrocarbon compound and at most 20 vol.% at least 10C hydrocarbon compound.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of the fuel cell system (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Water (2)    Fuel pre-heater (3)    Steam generator (4)    Vaporized fuel (5)    Steam (6)    Reformer (7)    Reformed gas (8)    Carbon monoxide treating device (9)    Solid polymer fuel cell (10)    Air (11)    Electric energy (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel for a fuel cell system comprises a hydrocarbon compound having at least 30 vol.% saturated components, at most 35 vol.% olefin components and at most 50 vol.% aromatic components.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in electrical vehicles, hybrid vehicles using engines and fuel cells, portable power sources, dispersion-type power sources and domestic power sources co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel exhibits an increased output generated per its weight and per amount of CO2 formed, improved fuel consumption, decreased evaporative emission, good handling properties such as good storage stability, and suitable flash point, and reduced calories required for preheating. The fuel allows the system to keep its initial performance for a long period of time, since deterioration of system is reduced.
NOVELTY - Solar cell arrays having electrical contacts are interconnected by patterning a conductive and thermal epoxy (non-electrical epoxy) on a substrate.    USE - For interconnecting solar cell arrays having electrical contacts for interconnection to form a solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - The method eliminates the need for wire bonding directly to the solar cells to minimize damage to the solar cells, reduces the cost of manufacture, and minimizes processing steps. It also isolates the individual cell from electrical shortage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Interconnection of solar cell arrays (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62) having electrical contacts to form a solar cell panel comprises forming an interconnection pattern of electrically conductive areas and non-electrically conductive areas on the substrate, applying an electrically conductive epoxy on the electrically conductive areas, aligning the electrical contacts on a solar cell array(s) with the electrical conductive areas, and disposing the solar cell arrays on the substrate so that electrical contacts are in contact with the conductive areas to form an assembly. A joint is defined between the substrate, which is an aluminum hollow foil panel carrier, and solar cell (64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80) array(s).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar panel comprising solar cell array(s), each having a positive polarity electrical contact (82) and a negative polarity electrical contact (84); a substrate having an interconnection pattern; an electrically conductive epoxy; and a non-electrically conductive epoxy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the interconnection of solar cell arrays.    Solar cell arrays (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62)    Solar cell (64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80)    Positive polarity electrical contact (82)    Negative polarity electrical contact (84)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric converter contains semiconductor fine particles sensitized by a metal complex pigment. The semiconductor fine particles consist of titanium oxide fine particles. The metal complex pigment consists of    USE - The photoelectric converter is used for the photocell.    ADVANTAGE - The metal complex pigment has high photoelectric conversion at the infrared region as well as visible light. The resulting photoelectric converter exhibits high photocelectric conversion characteristics at the wide wavelength region, the visible light to the infrared region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric converter contains semiconductor fine particles sensitized by a metal complex pigment. The semiconductor fine particles consist of titanium oxide fine particles. The metal complex pigment consists of formula (I).    M = metal;    R1, R2, R3 = H, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl;    LL = monodentate-terdentate ligand of formula (II);    m1 = integer of 1-5;    m1 = 2 or greater when NR1, R2, R3 are same or different, and may be linked to each other;    m2 = integer of 1 or 2;    m2 = 2 when LL is same or different;    CI = counter ion when counter ion is required for neutralizing electric charge.    Za, Zb = nonmetal atomic group capable of forming five-membered or six-membered ring;    a, c = 0 or 1.
NOVELTY - The solar panel has several solar battery element (110) which are connected in series or in juxtaposition. A cover glass (101) provided to light-incidence side covers solar battery elements and reinforcing material is provided to the back side of the battery elements. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin filler seals solar battery and heat resistant or fire resistant layer (102) is interposed between the cover glass and EVA resin filler (103).    USE - Solar panel installed in roof top of building and residences and side walls is used for electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The fire occurrence is reduced by heat-resistant or fire-resistant resin layer which protects solar battery even if cover glass breaks due to high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Roof with solar battery;    (b) Electrical power generator    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of solar panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cover glass (101)    Heat resistant or fire resistant layer (102)    EVA group resin filler (103)    Solar battery element (110)
NOVELTY - Production of electrolyte membrane comprises forming a mixture of a perfluoro carbon polymer having sulfonic acid groups or their precursors and a fluorocarbon polymer which can be fibrillated, into a membrane. A support film is laminated to the membrane, for stretching the resulting laminated membrane. The laminate of the membrane and the support film is then stretched under heating.    USE - The electrolyte is used for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A thin electrolyte membrane with uniform thickness, excellent in power generation performance, capable of mass production and excellent in hydrogen gas barrier property, is offered. The fibril-form fluorocarbon polymer reinforcing material can attain reinforcing effects such as an increase in tear strength and improvement in dimensional stability even with its small contents in the cation exchange membrane. Increase in electrical resistance of the membrane can be suppressed when the fibril reinforcement is incorporated. A polymer fuel cell excellent in performance at initial stage and stability in long term performance, can be obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) an electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a cation exchange membrane made of a perfluoro carbon (PFC) polymer having sulfonic acid groups, reinforced with reinforcement made of a fibril form fluorocarbon (FC) polymer, having thickness of 3-70 microns. The number of fibrils of the reinforcement having a fibril-fiber diameter of at most 1 microns accounts for at least 70% of the total number of fibrils;    (ii) a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising an electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion electrode disposed on each side of the membrane.
NOVELTY - Composite membrane comprises a support layer (2) made from a first material and a permeation layer (1) made from a second material arranged on the support layer. The second material is selectively permeable for a predetermined substance. The support layer has a mechanical support structure with through-holes (4) through which the predetermined substance can move orthogonally and optionally also laterally to the plane of the permeation layer through the support layer. The support layer exposes surfaces of the permeation layer which are connected to the through-holes.    USE - Used for selectively diffusing materials, especially for purifying hydrogen for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has high selectivity and high strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a diffusion membrane system comprising at least two of the above composite membranes connected to each other in a stack; and    (b) a process for producing the composite membrane comprising applying a permeation layer to a support layer; and molding a support structure in the support layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the composite membrane.    permeation layer (1)    support layer (2)    through-holes (4)
NOVELTY - A suspension of a particulate ceramic material provided in a non-aqueous liquid, is electrophoretically deposited onto an electrically conductive fiber core. The deposited material is dried and sintered at specific temperature and time to combust the fiber core to produce a porous hollow ceramic membrane.    USE - The method is used for manufacturing porous hollow ceramic membrane used for producing tubular electrode supported electrochemical fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hollow ceramic membranes have a small cross-sectional area of 1.0 x 10 to the power -5 to 25 mm2. The configuration of hollow ceramic membrane may be any geometry such as circular, square, rectangular, triangular or polygonal. The membrane have multiple concentric layers of varying composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for producing tubular electrode supported electrochemical fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic thin-film module with a thin-film solar cell system on support materials and encapsulating material on one or both sides, is made by passing a strip of encapsulating material, comprising protective and sealing layers, on another strip of material for the system and its support into a laminating station, with the sealing layer on the thin-film solar cell system, and lamination at elevated pressure and optionally elevated temperature.    USE - The product is a photovoltaic thin-film module with a thin-film solar cell system (all claimed). It is useful for applications ranging from small energy plants for emergency call posts, mobile homes and integrated plant in buildings to large plant and polar power stations.    ADVANTAGE - Thin-film solar cells must be encapsulated to protect them from environmental influences, e.g. moisture, oxygen and ultraviolet light, and mechanical damage and to provide electrical insulation. An existing method uses vacuum lamination but this uses relatively large amounts of energy and long process times. The present method is quicker, uses less energy and gives satisfactory weathering resistance for outdoor use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing showed a stiffened photovoltaic module.    Photovoltaic module (1)    Thin film solar cell system (2)    Rigid support and encapsulating material, e.g. glass (3)    Second encapsulating material (4)
NOVELTY - The cathode is switched to an output load effective to reduce the cell voltage at a pulse width effective to reverse performance degradation from OH adsorption onto cathode catalyst surfaces.    USE - For operating polymer electrolyte fuel cells such as hydrogen/air polymer electrolyte fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cell using platinum based cathode catalyst, at high voltages.    ADVANTAGE - The performance of fuel cell is improved and sustained by stepping its voltage to a value less than 0.6 V. No external power supply is needed to produce a reducing voltage of cathode. The operational cell voltage is set at a level that will reactivate the cathode activity. The potential at the anode does not change appreciably, since the fast hydrogen oxidation at the anode occurs at low polarization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cell voltage is reduced to a voltage less than 0.6 V, preferably at most0.5 V, at a pulse width at least0.4 seconds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is cyclic voltamogram diagram of polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathode at 80 degrees C, with a cathode catalyst loading of 0.2 mg Pt cm2.
NOVELTY - A methanol modification catalyst comprises amphoteric oxide or complex oxide of amphoteric oxide carried on a support and an active palladium component    USE - Used for methanol modification (claimed), and obtained gas is used in solid polymer fuel cells (SPFC) for replacement of an internal combustion engines in an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst having high heat resistance, performs methanol water vapor modification reaction and methanol oxidation reaction at high temperature (300 degrees C or more), simultaneously. The hydrogen gas formed comprises very low amount of carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for methanol modification which involves contacting catalyst with raw material gas containing methanol and water, and heating. Hydrogen is formed from the raw material gas.
NOVELTY - An automizer (5) which forms reactive fluid by automizing raw material solution (7) is provided. A rectangular spray nozzle (2) sprays the reactive fluid on substrate (17) mounted in the reaction chamber (1). A temperature sensor (14) provided closer to the opening (16) of spray nozzle, controls heater (12) for reactive fluid.    USE - For forming thin film on substrate used for production of solar battery, flat panel display, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains uniform thin film on substrate of large area. Improves utilization efficiency of raw material. Simplifies film forming process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film forming method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of thin film forming apparatus.    Reaction chamber (1)    Rectangular spray nozzle (2)    Automizer (5)    Automizing raw material solution (7)    Heater (12)    Temperature sensor (14)    Opening (16)    Substrate (17)
NOVELTY - The film-like ceramic object (7) consists of a ceramic film (8) of thickness 2-200 mum formed on a substrate (3). The powder filling ratio of the film-like ceramic object containing ceramic powder, before baking is 63% or more.    USE - For actuator, sensor and solar power generation element.    ADVANTAGE - Formation of film-like ceramic object is carried out at low temperature without applying great load to the environment. Energy consumption is reduced and flexibility of the substrate is increased. Mechanical strength of the ceramic object is secured. By using film-like ceramic object, the piezoelectric ceramic film with excellent workability is obtained, which leads to effective production of micro machine element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The film-like ceramic object consists of ceramic powder and a sol gel precursor substance. The substrate is a non-flat plate with a curved surface. INDEPENDENT CLAIM are also included for the following:    (a) Film-like ceramic object formation method;    (b) Ceramic film    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the formation of ceramic film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (3)    Film-like ceramic object (7)    Ceramic film (8)
NOVELTY - A film for fuel cells, consists of sulfonated body of isobutylene group block copolymer having isobutylene and aromatic vinyl group compound as main component.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed) such as solid polymer fuel cells, pure hydrogen type fuel cells, reforming methanol type fuel cells, direct methanol type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The film is inexpensive and offers fuel cell with excellent chemical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell using the film.
NOVELTY - Reformer, comprises burner; main body (304); combustion tube (CT) for introducing combustion gas into (304); route (305), field fuel route having catalytic layer (CL) and route (308) sequentially formed on CT; and route (309). Route (305) contacts CT at its end. Route (309) communicates with routes (308,305) at rear end of CT. Route (309) covers CT inner wall, and contacts with heat insulating member, CL.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reformer has improved fuel reforming efficiency. The heat insulating member close to rear end of catalyst layer efficiently transmits heat to catalytic layer, and thereby heat loss is reduced and reforming efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reformer (3), comprises main body (304) provided with burner (12) along periphery; combustion tube (CT) (303) for introducing gas to be combusted into (304); route (305), field fuel route (307) having catalytic layer (CL) which reforms fuel supplied and route (308), sequentially formed on CT periphery; and route (309). Route (305) communicates with CT at its end. Route (309) communicates with route (308) and (305) at rear end of CT. Route (309) covers inner wall of CT, and prolongs such that it contacts with heat insulating member and CL.    INDEPENDENT CLAIM are also included for solid polymeric fuel cell electricity generation system comprising modifier for chemically reacting hot gas such as natural gas, town gas and methanol; carbon monoxide transformer for transforming carbon monoxide and a carbon monoxide removal device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (3)    Burner (12)    Combustion tube (303)    Modifier main body (304)    Routes (305,308,309)    Field fuel route (307)    Heat insulating member (310)
NOVELTY - A sealing material for a solar battery consists of an ethylene copolymer composition.    USE - The sealing material is used for the solar battery and finds its application in the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silane coupling agent containing the amino group, or the epoxy group provides the sealing material with superior heat resistance and adhesiveness without compromising transparency inherent in the ethylene.polar monomer copolymer and yiedls the sealing material having a storage elastic modulus at 150 degrees C of 1.0 multiplied by ten to the part of 3 Pa or more, preferably, 5.0 multiplied by ten to the part of 3 Pa or more, and a light transmittance of 90% or more, preferably, 91% or more. The sealing material has no fluidity or deformation even if temperature elevation is observed in using the solar battery module without compromising the external appearance of the solar battery. No peroxide is used. The result dramatically increases productivity in producing the solar battery module to dramatically reduce production costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ethylene copolymer composition is formed by blending an ethylene.polar monomer copolymer, 100 parts by weight, containing a polar monomer, 1 percent by weight or more, having a polar group selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylate, a carboxylic acid anhydride,, epoxy group, hydroxyl group, and amino group with a coupling agent, 0.05-5 parts by weight, containing an amino group, or epoxy group. Where, when the polar monomer has the epoxy group only, the coupling agent containing the amino group is used as an essential constituent. When the polar monomer has the hydroxyl group, or the amino group only, the coupling agent containing the epoxy group is used as the essential constituent.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for leveling out the concentration swings of a gas component in a combustion gas stream in a dynamically-operated fuel cell system (1) is such that there is included 'in-line' a buffer unit (10) containing a material which adsorbs or absorbs gas components showing a partial pressure-dependent uptake capacity.    USE - None given for the fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The leveling out is effected by a relatively simple device which can be included in the system without the need for further controls.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Apparatus for leveling out the concentration swings of a gas component of a combustion gas stream in a dynamically-operated fuel cell system (1) is such that a buffer unit (10) is provided upstream of and 'in-line' with of one of the protective units (2, 3, 4, 7, 9) of the system (1), this unit (10) removing the gas component when there is an increase in the partial pressure and releasing it back into the stream when the partial pressure falls. The characteristic feature is that unit (10) contains a material which adsorbs or absorbs gas components showing a partial pressure-dependent uptake capacity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a block diagram showing    Gas production unit (2)    Gas purifier (3)    Fuel cell (4)    Anode chamber (5)    Cathode chamber (6)    Off-gas treatment unit (7)    Buffer unit (10)
NOVELTY - Process for catalytically treating a medium used in a vehicle fuel cell comprises heating the medium using a microwave emitter.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Heating is quick and efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for catalytically treating a medium used in a vehicle fuel cell. The device is connected to a heating device (11) formed as a microwave emitter.    Preferred Features: The device has a mixing chamber (12) for mixing fuel and medium containing water; and a catalytic reactor (13) connected to the mixing chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device for catalytically treating a medium used in a vehicle fuel cell.    heating device (11)    mixing chamber (12)    catalytic reactor (13)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane or gas diffusion electrode includes a semi-crystalline copolymer comprising a first unit including an ion-exchange site, second crystalline unit, and a third amorphous unit.    USE - As ion-exchange material for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The third unit disrupts crystallinity of the copolymer, thus increasing solubility in polar aprotic solvents, without detrimentally affecting water solubility and robustness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) a device including fuel cell, electrolyzer, or gas diffusion electrode incorporating a semi-crystalline copolymer; (b) method of manufacturing the above device comprising using a semi-crystalline copolymer to prepare an ion-conducting element; and (c) preparation of a semi-crystalline copolymer by polycondensing a compound of formula X1-BM-X2 with a compound of formula Y1-SU-Y2, Y1-XT-Y2, and Z1-AM-Z2.    Y1, X1, Y2, X2, Z1, Z2 = halo;    BM = base monomer part;    SU = functionalized or functionalizable moiety;    XT = crystallized or crystallizable moiety;and    AM = amorphous moiety.
NOVELTY - A silylcyclopentasilane for converting cyclopentasilane to a solvent-soluble polysilane by radical ring-opening addition polymerization is new.    USE - (I) is used as a radical polymerization initiator for cyclopentasilane and as a radical initiator for a vinyl monomer. It is used to form silicon film useful in electronic devices, e.g. solar cells, photosensors, thin film transistors, photosensitive drums, and protective films.    ADVANTAGE - The solution comprising (I) has excellent coatability, and is capable of forming a satisfactory polysilane coating film which can be converted into a metallic silicon film by a dehydrogenation reaction caused by thermal decomposition or optical decomposition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silylcyclopentasilane of formula (I) is new.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (A) a solution comprising cyclopentasilane of formula (II) for forming a silicon film on the surface of a substrate;    (B) a method of forming a silicon film on a substrate comprising coating the substrate with the above-mentioned solution, and heating the coating film; and    (C) a spiro(4,4)nonasilane of formula (III).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-rich fuel gas stream is generated by passing fuel stream at 70 to less than 160 degreesC oxidation temperature in the presence of oxygen-containing preferential oxidation catalyst to produce hydrogen-rich fuel gas stream. The catalyst comprises ruthenium metal dispersed on an alumina carrier having an apparent bulk density of 0.2-0.4 g/cm3.    USE - The method is used for generating hydrogen-rich fuel gas stream for use in fuel cell. The fuel cell is used to generate electric power in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The more active preferential catalyst reduces carbon monoxide in the prefox effluent or in the hydrogen-rich fuel gas to less than 50 ppm-volume. It converts carbon monoxides while maintaining reasonably high selectivity production of carbon dioxide without regeneration. The alumina base with low density and high porosity results in superior performance of the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generation of hydrogen-rich fuel gas stream involves passing a feed stream to a fuel compressor to produce a fuel stream. The feed stream comprises hydrocarbon or oxygenate. The fuel compressor comprises an integrated reforming and water gas shift conversion zone. The fuel stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. It is passed at an oxidation temperature (70 to less than 160 degreesC) in the presence of an oxygen-containing a preferential oxidation catalyst to produce the hydrogen-rich fuel gas stream having less than 50 ppm-volume carbon monoxide. The catalyst consists of ruthenium metal dispersed on an alumina carrier having an apparent bulk density of 0.2-0.4 g/cm3. A portion of the alumina carrier has an average pore size of 800-1500 Angstrom. The hydrogen-rich fuel gas stream is passed to a fuel cell to generate electric power. Electric power is withdrawn.
NOVELTY - Improving the start-up in the cold start of a catalytic unit (2) in gas producers in a mobile fuel cell system involves accumulating (i.e. trapping) start-hindering gas components in an intermediate storage unit (1) in the gas feed system and then allowing the heated gases from storage unit (1) to re-enter the operation.    USE - None given for the fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The storage unit (1) performs a 'buffer' function , preventing harmful gases reaching and deactivating (or, in the case of water) icing the catalytic unit. These gases are eventually released in a heated state and unit (1) (e.g. an adsorber) is regenerated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the system.    Storage unit (1)    Catalytic unit (2)    Pipe or conduit (3)
NOVELTY - Composite membrane (10) comprises a first material (1) which is permeable for a first substance; and a second material (5) which is selectively permeable for the first substance. The second material is arranged in the first material so that predetermined substances other than the first substance can pass through the membrane via a permeation path which longer than the thickness of the membrane whilst the first substance can pass through the membrane via a permeation path which is the same as the thickness of the membrane.    USE - Used for selectively diffusing materials, especially for purifying hydrogen for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has high selectivity and high strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the composite membrane comprising preparing a melt or solution of a first material (1); mixing in flat particles (5) of a second material; forming a film of the mixture; and stretching the film to such an extent that the flat particles from the second material are directed in the film so that their flat sides are essentially parallel to the surfaces of the film. Preferred Features: The first substance is hydrogen and the other substances are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or oxygen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the composite membrane.    first material (1)    second material (5)    membrane (10)
NOVELTY - Fuel oil composition has a density of 0.60-0.72 g/cm3 at 15degreesC, a surface tension of 170-250 microN/cm at 20degreesC and an octane value of at least 70, and can be used for direct injection gasoline engines and fuel cells.    USE - Used for direct injection gasoline engines and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The composition is free from the adverse effects on a reforming catalyst and a fuel cell electrode when used in a fuel cell, and does not damage driving characteristics when used in a direct-injection gasoline engine.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system is operated by introducing air with stoichiometric rate of 25-140. It has active membrane(s) (2) in between anode layer (4) and cathode layer (3) and has a catalyst, and a fuel supply with access to the anode layer and an air supply (17, 18) having access to the cathode layer. The air is supplied by pressure, passes along the cathode layer, and leaves the system.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The method simplifies stack or similar configuration while the effectivity of the system with reference to energy conversion, volume, and weight are kept favorable. It uses an air flow with a high stoichiometric rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel system comprising cathode layer(s) or a part of the cathode layers that is equipped with air penetrating ducts allowing an air flow parallel to the membrane at the specified flow rate above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section view through a circular fuel cell stack with two blowers.    Active membrane (2)    Cathode layer (3)    Anode layer (4)    Separator plates (5)    Air conducting layer (10)    Channels (11)    Central tube (16)    Air supply (17, 18)    Endplates (19)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has two electrolyte-electrode assemblies with hydrogen ion-conductive electrolyte layers respectively between a fuel electrode and a hydrogen-generating electrode and between a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode, a separator plate to supply fuel and an applicator to apply a potential to the first assembly, and a separator to supply generated hydrogen to the second assembly.    USE - For use in cogeneration systems and mobile apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents permeation of the alcohol which causes cross leakage, and suppresses poisoning of carbon dioxide poisoning which is a by-product during the electrode reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises:    (a) an electrolyte-electrode assembly (MEA 1) comprising a hydrogen ion-conductive electrolyte layer (5) sandwiched between a fuel electrode (1) and a hydrogen-generating electrode (6),    (b) a second electrolyte-electrode assembly (MEA 2) comprising a hydrogen ion-conductive electrolyte layer (7) sandwiched between a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode (2),    (c) a separator plate (3) to supply liquid or gas fuel to the first assembly,    (d) a device to apply to the first assembly a potential which is positive to the hydrogen-generating electrode of the first assembly, and    (e) separator (4) to supply to the second assembly hydrogen generated in the hydrogen-generating electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross sectional view of the structure of the inventive fuel cell system.    Fuel electrode (1)    Oxidant electrode (2)    Separator plate (3)    Separator (4)    Hydrogen ion-conductive electrolyte layer (5)    Hydrogen-generating electrode (6)    Hydrogen ion-conductive electrolyte layer (7)    Electrolyte-electrode assembly (MEA 1)    Electrolyte-electrode assembly (MEA 2)
NOVELTY - Mixture A is extruded, and several extruded membranes are cooled from temperature A to C. Bubble surfaces of mixture B are formed between the extruded membranes. The extruded membranes and the formed bubble surfaces are cooled to semi-solid at temperature B to C which is less than temperatures A,B. The cooled extruded membranes and cooled bubble surfaces are heated to form sintered ceramic which is cooled.    USE - For manufacturing electrochemical extruded membrane supports used for electrochemical cells which are used as NOx decomposing unit or purifier for purifying exhaust gases from automobile or electric power generating apparatus. The electrochemical cell is used for cogeneration for heating domestic hot water together with electric power. Also used for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical extruded membrane supports are formed easily. The membrane supports without any defects are provided due to the presence of sacrificial binder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Mixture A at temperature A and mixture B at temperature B, are provided. The mixture A is extruded to form several spaced-apart supportable membranes. The extruded membrane is cooled from temperature A to temperature C. Bubble surfaces of the mixture B are formed between the membranes. The extruded membranes and the formed bubble surfaces are cooled to form semi-solid at temperature B to temperature C which is less than temperatures A,B. The cooled extruded membranes and cooled bubble surfaces are heated at temperature C to an elevated temperature to form sintered ceramic which is cooled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view, partially broken away of an extrusion apparatus.    Extruder (116)
NOVELTY - The electrolyte tank (20) is divided by film walls (21) into several units. The electrolyte supplied through the inlet (22) during charging is released through the outlet (23). During discharge, the electrolyte supplied through the inlet (24) is released through the outlet (25). A four-way valve is provided to switch ON the electrolyte outlet when switching between charging and discharging.    USE - Redox flow battery electrolyte tank.    ADVANTAGE - The utilization factor of the electrolyte is improved, as the electrolyte does not diffuse. Battery efficiency is improved and several tanks need not be used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the redox flow battery electrolyte tank. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolyte tank (20)    Film walls (21)    Inlets (22,24)    Outlets (23,25)
NOVELTY - Redox flow battery electrolyte tank has a cylindrical outer tank (21) extended upward. A partition plate (24) of cylindrical shape is extended from the bottom of outer tank upwards to divide the tank into two spaces. The spaces are filled with electrolytes of different polarity.    USE - Redox flow battery electrolyte tank.    ADVANTAGE - Improves space utilization factor and simplifies the structure as a cylindrical shaped partition plate is extended from the bottom of the outer tank upwards to divide the outer tank into two spaces for filling electrolytes of different polarity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of redox flow battery electrolyte tank. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylindrical outer tank (21)    Partition plate (24)
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer (1) has a shift reaction device (13) and a membrane separation unit (14), provided to outlet of modifier (12) containing hydrogen gas by juxtaposition. The shift reaction device removes carbon monoxide by the shift reaction and the polymeric separation membrane unit separates hydrogen gas selectively.    USE - The fuel reformer is used for fuel cell system (claimed) used as electric power unit for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas of high purity is obtained without any increase in shift catalyst and the membrane separation unit is operated at optimum conditions. Impurities like carbon monoxide, methanol, etc., are removed by providing a selective oxidation reactor to the downstream side of shift reaction device and membrane separation unit. Exhaust gas is recycled as heating gas of combustor and the amount of fuel used for combustion is reduced. The thermal efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Flow control valve (18) controls the flow rate of hydrogen gas based on the substantial amount of system loads. When the flow rate of hydrogen gas from the modifier is less than the flow rate of the membrane separation unit, the valve is placed in full closure position. When the flow rate from the modifier is more than the flow rate of membrane separation unit, the valve is fully opened.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system using fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (1)    Modifier (12)    Shift reaction device (13)    Membrane separation unit (14)    Flow control valve (18)
NOVELTY - The electrode for fuel cells is a solid polymer electrolyte-catalyst composite electrode containing a cation exchange resin, a carbon particle (1) and a metal catalyst (5). The amount of metal catalyst carried by the carbon particle surface which touches the proton conduction path (2) of the cation exchange resin is more than 50 weight percent of total metal catalyst content.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell used as electrical power units.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode has high activity and the utilization factor of the metal catalyst is improved. Production of cheap and high performance fuel cell is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode for fuel cells consists of metals other than platinum group metal. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of the surface layer of the carbon particle of the electrode.    Carbon particle (1)    Proton conduction path (2)    Metal catalyst (5)
NOVELTY - The production of hydrogen-containing gas involves reacting methanol, water vapor and air in the presence of a catalyst which is a precursor solution obtained by mixing alumina precursor with a precursor mixture containing copper and zinc.    USE - For use in chemical industries for the hydrogenation of ammonia synthesis and organic compounds, petroleum refining, desulfurization, metallurgy, glass production and for semiconductors. Also used as raw material for fuel cells used as a power source for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high activity in the methanol steam reforming of self-heat supply type reaction. A compact apparatus is offered and hydrogen containing gas is manufactured easily.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell unit (1) with an anode (2) and a cathode (3); a media feeding path for the anode; a media feeding path for the cathode; and a cathode waste gas flow path (4). A compressor (5) for supplying air to the cathode is arranged in the feed path of the cathode. A catalytic burner (8) is arranged in the cathode waste gas flow path. The anode waste gas flow path opens into the burner and/or upstream of the burner in the cathode gas flow path. The combined catalytically converted fuel cell waste gas stream is fed into an expansion machine (7).    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The cathode waste gas is utilized better to increase the power of the system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a fuel cell system. Preferred Features: The expansion machine is a waste gas turbocharger or turbogenerator. The compressor is coupled to the expansion machine via a common shaft.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    fuel cell unit (1)    anode (2)    cathode (3)    cathode waste gas flow path (4)    compressor (5)    expansion machine (7)    catalytic burner (8)
NOVELTY - A proton-conducting polymer membrane having a thickness of less than 100 microns comprises channels and/or capillaries which are arranged such that the dimension of the channels and/or the capillaries in the z-direction of the membrane is less than 50 microns.    USE - For membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane allows for the supply of additional water to the system to sustain water electrolysis during incidences of cell reversal in MEA or fuel cell. The MEA exhibits improved performance at low reactant gas pressure (close to ambient pressure).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming the membrane by placing tow or yarn or inserting metal wires within the membrane during its formation, and subsequently removing the tow or yarn or the metal wires to form channels; and/or inserting tow or yarn within the membrane during its formation, and leaving the tow or yarn in-situ to form capillaries.
NOVELTY - Proton conducting membrane contains a network of voids within the thickness of the membrane.    USE - For membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Allows for a reservoir of additional water within the MEA to sustain water electrolysis during incidences of cell reversal. The MEA shows improved performance at low reactant gas pressure close to ambient temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for the generation of a membrane comprising placing fibers and/or particles within the membrane during its fabrication and removing them to create a network of voids; and    (b) a method of operating a fuel cell under cell reversal conditions comprising the use of a membrane to provide a reservoir of water within the membrane electrode assembly.
NOVELTY - Diffusion substrate consists of a base that is capable of conducting electrical charge and porous to be able to transport reaction constituents, and a bed that is operatively attached to the base. The bed includes micro elements and channels.    USE - For use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a base and bed structure that has relatively low-cross plane resistance, relatively stable porosity for reactant flow, mechanical characteristics that promote low cross-plane resistance and stable porosity, and resistance to degrading influences.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Diffusion substrate includes:    (a) a base (32) that is capable of conducting electrical charge and porous to be able to transport reaction constituents; and    (b) a bed (33) that is operatively attached to the base.    The bed includes micro elements that are capable of conducting electrical charge and extend between a first surface and a second surface. The bed further includes channels that extend between the first and second surfaces and are capable of transporting reaction constituents.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fragment of the diffusion substrate.    base (32)    bed (33)    micro-studs (34)
NOVELTY - The dust-proof and weather-resistant photovoltaic module (2) has a front substrate of light transmittable safety glass plate (1) and a back substrate of weather-resistant polyester polymer. A photosensitizer having electrical circuit copper foils and polymeric enclosing material, is located between the front and back substrates. A photocatalyst semiconductor material (3) is applied on the safety glass plate.    USE - For converting light into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module overcomes adherence of air pollutants to the surface of module and conventional problems with adhesion and uniformity of applied semiconductor material. The organic pollutants such as dust and dirt flow away from the surface of photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material is inexpensive, and has high chemical stability, non-toxicity and easy activation under a wavelength of less than 400 nm. The acid reagent added into the semiconductor material improves adherence of semiconductor material to substrate, without degrading its activity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic graph showing mechanism of photovoltaic module.    Glass plate (1)    Photovoltaic module (2)    Semiconductor material (3)
NOVELTY - A method for processing the surface of a separator of a molten carbonate fuel cell is provided to intensify corrosion resistance at a high temperature and improve coating adhesion, by coating aluminum-chrome alloy in the wet sealing part of the separator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An aluminum-chrome alloy is coated in the wet sealing part of a separator of a molten carbonate fuel cell by a vacuum deposition method. The chrome density is controlled to be not greater than 20 wt%. The thickness of coating is controlled to be not less than 10 micrometer. The temperature of the separator is controlled to be not lower than 100 deg.C in the vacuum deposition process.
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide removal method from hydrogen rich process objective gas containing carbon monoxide, involves adding an oxidizing agent to the gas and carrying out oxidation of carbon monoxide using copper system carbon monoxide removal catalyst which contains copper as main component.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen rich process gas containing carbon monoxide, supplied as heating gas to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide is removed efficiently by the inexpensive and durable method. Hydrogen loss is minimum during the process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbon monoxide removal catalyst obtained by baking carbon oxide powder.
NOVELTY - A solid macromolecular fuel cell has an ion conductive ion exchange membrane, electrodes placed by bonding to both the surfaces of the ion exchange membrane, an electrode diffusion layer for guiding gas to the single surface of each electrode, and a separator for forming the outer shell of a cell for preventing the gas from mixing and for securing current collection in the electrode plane and conductivity in the cell thickness direction.    USE - The solid macromolecular fuel cell is used for delivering electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has low material and production costs and improved mass-production. The solid macromolecular fuel cell has high power generation efficiency and long-term stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid macromolecular fuel cell has an ion conductive ion exchange membrane, electrodes placed by bonding to both the surfaces of the ion exchange membrane, an electrode diffusion layer for guiding gas to the single surface of each electrode, and a separator for forming the outer shell of a cell for preventing the gas from mixing and for securing current collection in the electrode plane and conductivity in the cell thickness direction. The surface of the separator is covered with a material of formula (I).    (OxSi-R'-A-R-B-R''-SiOy)z (I)    R, R' and R'' = macromolecular material containing at least two of H, C or O, where R' and R = 0 is possible;    A and B = bond derived from a reactive group reacting with organic group, including vinyl, epoxy, amino, methacryl, mercapto;    x and y = greater than 0 and less than or equal to 3;    z = 1-100,000.
NOVELTY - An ion conductor comprises a substance having acid functional group chemical bonded with the inorganic substance, in a polymeric material or polyelectrolyte material.    USE - As proton conductor used for solid polymer electrolyte film of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell, which is used as low pollution power source for motor vehicles, and for electrolysis of water cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor has excellent stable ionic conductivity (electric conductivity) and material strength. High battery output is obtained efficiently.
NOVELTY - A curable resin composition having high conductivity, comprising: (A) a vinyl ester resin, (B) at least one monomer selected from allyl ester monomers, acrylic ester monomers and methacrylic ester monomers, (C) a radical polymerization initiator and (D) a carbon type filler in an amount of at least 40 mass %.    USE - The curable resin composition is useful for electronics products, electric appliances, mechanical parts, car parts and members etc. It is particularly useful for a fuel battery use separator, which has volume resistivity of up to 5 x 10-2 ohm cm, and gas permeability of up to 1 x 10-5 cm2/sec.    ADVANTAGE - The curable resin composition of the present invention can provide a cured product having volume resistivity of up to 1.0 ohm cm, and heat conductivity of not less than 1.0 W/m K. The cured product has high conductivity, high heat resistance, high heat releasing properties, and high corrosion resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The amount of each component is as follows;    (A) 3 - 50 mass %,    (B) 0.5 - 40 mass %,    (C) 0.05 - 10 mass % and    (D) 40 - 95 mass %.
NOVELTY - A precursor membrane which can be block polymerized, has a surface which undergoes prior plasma treatment in an oxidative atmosphere. A side chain polymer is block polymerized onto the precursor membrane. A proton-conducting functional group is introduced into the side chain polymer unit.    USE - To make a polymer electrolyte membrane, especially for a fuel cell. Formation and use for electrodialysis, diffusion dialysis and as a cell diaphragm are also cited.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has a hydrophobic characteristic, with improved adhesion. The electrolyte membrane reduces boundary resistance between electrode and membrane. When used in the fuel cell with proton-conducting membranes, flooding is reduced and operational stability of the cell is adequate. Improved cell power density and extension of use to e.g. electric vehicles is facilitated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding method of manufacture of the electrolyte membrane. Preferred features: The precursor membrane is formed as any individual type of polymer and copolymer. The side chain polymer is a hydrocarbon polymer, into which a proton-conducting functional group can be introduced, or with which the proton-conducting functional group is introduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - In a graph containing non-English text, current density is plotted against voltage, for two implementations and two comparative examples.
NOVELTY - Membranes comprising a blend of (a) a functional polymer selected from sulfonated aryl polymers, (b) a reinforcing polymer selected from aminated or nitrated polyether(ether)sulfones and (c) a plasticizer are new.    USE - The membranes are useful in membrane-electrode assemblies for fuel cells, especially low-temperature fuel cells operating at 10-200degreesC.    ADVANTAGE - The reinforcing polymer interacts ionically with the functional polymer to improve the stability of the membrane against swelling, and the plasticizer reduces the brittleness of the membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell containing such a membrane.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical device (12) comprises an anode (14) constructed from a material that will make the anode chemically rechargeable, and a fuel source exposed to the anode.    USE - As a fuel cell or battery.    ADVANTAGE - The device is capable of switching as a fuel cell or as a battery. It is capable of chemical recharging and self repairing, is simple in construction, has increased electrical output, and is capable of providing a stack of chemical devices that afford low mechanical and thermal stresses. It is capable of producing electricity in the absence of fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a stack of electrochemical devices comprising two of the above electrochemical devices, and an interconnect; and    (B) a method of energy conversion comprising providing the above electrochemical device, producing electricity in the presence of the fuel provided to the anode without anode consumption, and causing electricity to be produced in the device in the absence of the fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional schematic view of the electrochemical device.    Electrochemical device (12)    Anode (14)    Electrolyte (15)    Cathode (16)
NOVELTY - A regenerative fuel cell (RFC) is operated by using sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte with a charge of 1.8-2.5 for at least a part of a charge/discharge cycle. The charge is defined as the ratio of total number of sulfur present in the sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte to the total number of negative charge units carried by sulfur.    USE - For operating RFC for storing and delivering electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The invention shows that operating the RFC such that the charge of the sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte enters within 1.8-2.5 reduces the rate of diffusion of sulfide through the membrane and also reduces the overpotential on the negative side of the cell during charging resulting in an increase in the efficiency of the cell. The cell can operate with an average cell efficiency of 56%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Operation of a regenerative fuel cell (RFC) uses sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte with a charge of 1.8-2.5 for at least a part of a charge/discharge cycle. The charge is defined as the ratio of total number of sulfur present in the sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte to the total number of negative charge units carried by sulfur. One unit of negative charge is equivalent to the charge on an electron. The cell comprises two half-cells separated by a cation-exchange membrane (16), being a halogen/halide electrolyte in one half of the cell, a sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte in the other half of the cell and cations in both halves of the cell that act as charge carriers in between.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of an electrochemical reduction-oxidation cell.    Cation-exchange membrane (16)
NOVELTY - Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) for use as an electrolyte membrane of a PEM fuel cell comprises: (A) a main polymer with acidic or basic sites; and (B) a sub-polymer capable of forming acid/base composite structure with (A). The sub-polymers (B) are introduced more into the acidic or basic sites of (A).    USE - The PEM is used as an electrolyte membrane for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has generally improved proton conductivity and favorable proton conductivity at temperatures above 100 degreesC and less than 100 % humidity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for    (1) A PEM comprising:    (a) a membrane body formed with a main polymer having acidic or basic sites; and    (b) a sub-polymer capable of forming an acid/base composite structure with the main polymer. The membrane is formed by impregnating the main polymer into the sub-polymer.    (2) A method of producing a PEM comprising:    (a) forming a membrane body with a main polymer having acidic or basic sites; and    (b) introducing a sub-polymer capable of forming an acid/base composite structure with the main polymer into the membrane body.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Production flow chart showing an example of the production process of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
NOVELTY - A carbon material comprising particles having a coarsely granular surface consists of mesophase pitch as a main raw material. It has at least two granular carbonaceous projections having a diameter of not more than a minimum particle diameter on a particle surface and an oxygen content of at least 0.1 wt.%.    USE - The carbon material is used as raw material for carbon material products. The carbon material products are used for electrochemistry, e.g. fuel cell or electrode for electro-discharge machining; electricity, e.g. current collector; metallurgy, e.g. crucible or boat material; and machines, e.g. sealing. It is also used for nuclear reactor or activated carbon.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive carbon material, comprising particles of coarsely granular surface, is free from dusting and excellent in handling properties so that the carbon material products can be efficiently produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a carbon material comprising heating carbonaceous particles up to 200-600 degreesC under an inert gas atmosphere with stirring, changing the inert gas atmosphere to a slightly-oxidizing atmosphere containing at least 0.1 mol.% of oxygen and/or nitrogen dioxide, adding mesophase pitch in solid or molten state into the particles during the stirring, and continuing stirring the mixture while maintaining at higher temperature.
NOVELTY - A platinum complex (I) comprises platinum and two ligands one a dithiolate and the other a 2,2-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline compound with at least one anionic group.    USE - The complexes are used as dye sensitizers for solar cell electrodes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Solar cells containing the complex have improved efficiency in conversion of photo energy to electric energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A platinum complex of formula PtL1L2 (I).    L1 = 2,2-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline with at least one anionic group;    L2 = dithiolate of formula (a)-(d); R = 1-6C alkyl, 2-12C alkoxyalkyl, 1-12C aminoalkyl, 2-6C alkoxycarbonyl, CN or H;    R1 = R.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) dye sensitized electrodes comprising an electrically conductive surface, an oxide semiconductor film on the surface and a platinum complex of formula (I) or (II);    (2) solar cells comprising an electrode as described above and a counter electrode with an electrolyte between.
NOVELTY - A method for manufacturing a material layer is provided to manufacture a device such as a thin film transistor or solar cell, by forming a medium layer having a different chemical characteristic on a substrate single-crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous, and by growing a polycrystalline or amorphous thin film on the medium layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A medium layer(2) is formed on the first substrate(1). A material layer(3) is formed on the medium layer. The material layer is separated from the medium layer. The separated material layer is bonded to the second substrate. The first substrate is mainly composed of Al2O3, AlN, BeO, BN, SiC or industrial diamond.
NOVELTY - The plastic base material sheet for electro-conductive laminate, consists of methylacrylate group photoresist sheet having saturated moisture absorption of 0.1-1.5%. The hardening temperature of photoresist sheet measured by differential scanning-type calorimeter (DSC) is 190-220degreesC or less.    USE - For electro-conductive laminate used in optical lens, optical disk substrate, liquid crystal substrate, color filter, solar battery substrates, touch panel and optical element.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic base material sheet is effectively used as an substitute for glass as optical material. The adhesion of indium-tin oxide (ITO) film with respect to plastic base material sheet, is favorable.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of carbon-based hydrogen gas storage material involves heat processing a mixture of carbon material, and an additive for adding an element to the carbon material. The carbon material is oxidized, and the element in the additive is added to the carbon material.    USE - For manufacture of carbon-based hydrogen gas storage material for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of carbon-based hydrogen gas storage material is simplified. By heat processing at temperature beyond the melting point of the additive, liquid phase and size of the additive increase, and the element in the additive is easily added to the carbon material. Since heat processing is performed in a inert or vacuum atmosphere after oxidation of the amorphous carbon in the carbon material, decrease in amount of carbon material by excess oxidation is prevented. By heat processing in mixed gas atmosphere of carbon dioxide and inert gas, carbondioxide reacts with carbon at high temperature to produce carbon monoxide, and thereby oxidation is suppressed.
NOVELTY - A fuel containing a hydrocarbon compound, water and hydrogen peroxide as essential raw material is converted into heating gas by vaporization. The heating gas is modified to reformed gas at a modification temperature in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - For a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The heating apparatus and cooling system are compact. Oxidizing agent is replaced by air. Since raw material of fuel is mixed uniformly, the rate of hydrogen extraction is improved. The provision of hydrogen peroxide removal unit prevents degradation of the catalyst. The excess vaporization of water is prevented. Energy efficiency is increased. The heat evolved during exothermic reaction of hydrogen peroxide is used for heating fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heating gas satisfies an autothermal condition so that heat evolved in exothermic reaction and heat absorbed in endothermic reaction are balanced.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a fuel reformer; and    (b) a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A compressed graphite particle contains 10 volume% spindle-like graphite particle having an aspect ratio of 1-5, and 50 volume% of disk-shaped graphite particle having an aspect ratio of 1-10, and has a tap density of 0.7-1.3 g/cm3.    USE - As fillers for negative plate material for lithium ion secondary batteries, and for separator for fuel cells. The compressed graphite particle has high crystallinity and bulk density.    ADVANTAGE - A molded product containing compressed graphite particle has high isotropy. The lithium ion secondary battery using the negative plate containing compressed graphite particle, has high discharge capacity per volume of graphite particle, and electroconductivity in the thickness direction. Decomposition of electrolyte solvent in the lithium ion secondary battery, at the time of charging and discharging, is suppressed. A separator for fuel cells having low gas permeability, and high electroconductivity in the thickness direction, is obtained using the compressed graphite particle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Manufacture of compressed graphite particle;    (b) Negative plate material for lithium ion secondary batteries
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide transformer (4) transforms carbon monoxide which is removed by carbon monoxide removal device (5). A burner provided to lower portion of case, produces combustion gas which is ejected through discharge port provided to upper portion of case.    USE - The apparatus is used for domestic electric power systems    ADVANTAGE - As single burner is used, carbon monoxide processing apparatus size is reduced and fuel consumption is also reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of carbon monoxide processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    Carbon monoxide transformer (4)    Carbon monoxide removal device (5)
NOVELTY - Cylindrical combustion space wall (2) of main section (1), consists of flame holding tube (21), heat insulation multilayer board (22) and water cooled layer (23) arranged sequentially from inner side to outer side. A heat exchanger (5) which is used to vaporize liquid fuel, is located at downstream side of combustion space (11) of main section.    USE - For performing partial combustion of liquid fuel such as methanol, ammonia in order to generate combustible gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The flame is stably generated because inner side of space wall, is maintained at high temperature and outer side of space wall is maintained at low temperature. The burner is simple and compact, since heat exchanger is integrally formed. The rating of heat exchanger is increased because temperature of waste gas is reduced by mixing waste gas with water vapor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross section of burner. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Main section (1)    Cylindrical combustion space wall (2)    Heat exchanger (5)    Combustion space (11)    Flame holding tube (21)    Heat insulation multilayer board (22)    Water cooled layer (23)
NOVELTY - Reformer comprises combustion gas line (4) which forms path to heat shift reaction part (3) and reformer (2), and heat exchanger (7) which exchanges heat from line (4) between (2,3). Outer air is introduced through air duct (6a), and a flow path switcher (9) to change air duct (6a) which supplies air from (7) to combustion chamber (1), and air duct (6b) which introduces air directly into the chamber (1).    USE - For utilization of heat energy of combustion gas.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer utilizes the heat energy of combustion gas efficiently and controls the temperature of combustion gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer has combustion chamber (1) which generates combustion gas by combustion of heating gas containing air, and reformer (2) which forms reformed gas, which is rich in hydrogen by obtaining heat from combustion gas. Shift reaction part (3) reduces carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas and combustion gas line (4) in which the combustion gas flows. The combustion gas line forms a path to heat the shift reaction part and the reformer. The heat exchanger (7) exchanges heat from combustion gas line between reformer and shift reaction part. The outer air is introduced through air duct (6a), a flow path switcher to change air duct (6a) which supplies air from heat exchanger to combustion chamber, and air duct (6b) which introduces air directly into the combustion chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion chamber (1)    Reformer (2)    Shift reaction part (3)    Combustion gas line (4)    Air ducts (6a,6b)    Heat exchanger (7)    Switcher (9)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator comprises a separator base material, and a metal coating layer formed from a metal that is subjected to melting and gradual cooling. The metal coating is formed at least on part of a surface of the base material.    USE - The fuel cell separator is used for separating fuel gas and oxidized gas.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is corrosion resistant, thus preventing oxidation of the metal forming the metal coating layer while ensuring electrical conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell separator (30) comprises a separator base material (60), and a metal coating layer (64) formed at the base material associated with electrical contact resistance between the separator and adjacent member of the fuel when the separator is brought in contact with the member when the separator is integrated into a fuel cell. The metal coating is formed from metal that is subjected to melting and gradual cooling.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a fuel cell comprising stacked single cells, each of which contains the above mentioned separator(s); and    (B) a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned fuel cell separator integrated into a fuel cell comprising forming a layer of molten metal at least on a portion of a separator base material, and gradually cooling and solidifying the layer of the molten metal formed to form a metal coating layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a separator.    Separator (30)    Base material (60)    Underlying coating layer (62)    Metal coating layer (64)    Carbon coating layer (66)
NOVELTY - Providing a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device having enhanced photoelectric characteristics and durability.    USE - Used for photoelectric and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Have enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device comprises a conductive layer, a photosensitive layer, a charge transfer layer and a counter electrode, comprises:    (a) forming on the photosensitive layer, a first layer containing a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor and a thiocyanate; and    (b) overcoating the first layer with a molten salt to prepare the charge transfer layer.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) the photoelectric conversion device;    (2) a photoelectric cell comprising the photoelectric conversion device; and    (3) a solar cell comprising the photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 is a partial schematic of a photoelectric conversion device.    Conductive layer (10)    Charge transfer layer (30)    Counter electrode conductive layer ( 40)    Fine semiconductor particles (21)    Dye (22)    Charge transfer material (23)    Optional substrate (50)    Transparent conductive layer (10a)
NOVELTY - Production of nitrated aryl polymers (I) comprises: (a) dissolving an aryl polymer in concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature below 25degreesC; (b) adding concentrated nitric acid at a temperature below 25degreesC; and (c) precipitating the product in water.    USE - (I) and amino-substituted or sulfonated polymers prepared from them are useful in polymer blends for making membranes, e.g. for use in fuel cells or for filtration or gas separation.    ADVANTAGE - Only inexpensive bulk chemicals (sulfuric and nitric acid) are used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polyethersulfones and polyetherethersulfones of formula (II) and (III) and block copolymers of formula (IV):    X = O or H;    m, n = 1-100.
NOVELTY - A strip sensor in an analytical meter device is calibrated by measuring the voltage output difference of photodetector when the light source is on and off using a standard with high or low reflectance, calculating a voltage threshold (VTH), evaluating the value of VTH, and permanently storing VTH in the device.    USE - For calibrating a strip sensor in an analytical meter device.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the use of lower cost strip sensor devices, without compromising performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Calibration of strip sensor having photodetector and light source in an analytical meter device, comprises:    (a) measuring the voltage output difference of the photodetector between when the light source is on and off using standard having high reflectance;    (b) measuring the voltage output difference of the photodetector between when the light source is on and off using a standard having low reflectance;    (c) calculating a voltage threshold (VTH) produced by the strip sensor to be strip sensor to be used by the analytical meter device to indicate when a test element has been inserted according to formula;    (d) evaluating the value of VTH calculated in step (c) for acceptability according to predetermined criteria; and    (e) permanently storing VTH in the analytical meter device if evaluated as acceptable in step (d).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of an analyte meter system.
NOVELTY - A flexible circuit board (40) has multiple signal input terminals formed at its lower surface corresponding to each bonding pads of an image sensing chip (30). A transparent layer (52) covering the upper surface of the flexible circuit board, through which the image sensing chip receives and transforms the image signals into electrical signals which is transmitted to a printed circuit board.    USE - Package structure for image sensor used for sensing audio and optical signals.    ADVANTAGE - Since the usage of substrate is eliminated, the image sensor is made into thin, small, and light structure. The number of package elements are reduced and thus the package cost is reduced, thereby the manufacturing process is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for image sensor packaging method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates an exploded view of the image sensor package structure.    Image sensing chip (30)    Flexible circuit board (40)    Transparent layer (52)
NOVELTY - The water discharge rate from a load tank (104) is controlled by a servocontroller, based on the muscle fatigue rate of the weight-lifter.    USE - For adjusting weight in load tank of weight lifting machine used in gymnasium. Also for physiotherapy to condition muscles.    ADVANTAGE - The weight adjuster can be retrofitted to the existing machines without need to purchase additional equipment. The weight adjustment provides an efficient workout for the weight-lifter to lift his capacity of weight during each repetition. Thus during each repetition, the weight-lifter can achieve the desired effect of the exercise in less period of time. The muscle fatigue rate dependent weight adjustment further enhances dynamic control of the weight.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a rear perspective view of the weight lifting machine.    Load tank (104)
NOVELTY - A pair of legs (216) attached with a wheel stand for supporting wheels (218), is connected to the lower end of a spine (214). A crank with a foot pedal (234) is attached to a motor driven arm (232) that is connected at a center of the spine. The wheel stand is dimensioned longer than the diameter of the wheel which is equal to the throw of the arm.    USE - For use by paraplegics, quadriplegics.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment can be easily moved to the corner of the room by the use of wheels and can be rested vertically. Easy rolling of the wheel is ensured, by setting the wheel diameter equal to the throw of the arm. The design is more comfortable, economic, lightweight, energy conserving, easy to operate and maintain.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the passive leg exercise equipment.    Spine (214)    Legs (216)    Wheels (218)    Motor driven arm (232)    Foot pedal (234)
NOVELTY - An apparatus for obtaining the power for generation is provided to generate power by applying the water pressure generated by blocking the water with the plate to the rotation wings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A blade assemblage includes a blade, a fan, a rudder, and a plate. The structure of the blade assemblage has a triangular tube to consider the dispersion of pressure and decompression caused by leakage in rotation. The triangular tube includes a long tube(9) and a horizontal tube(9a). Hinge(9b) are inserted into the hinge hole in the long tube(9). The long tube(9) is welding with the hinge. The rudder plate(9c) is attached to the hinge and is bended at an angle of 45 degrees, thereby the rudder plate serves as the wheel of the ship.
NOVELTY - An image sensor and a method for manufacturing the same is provided to improve a capacitance of a photodiode and a light sensitivity by increasing a generation of electron-hole pairs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - After forming a defined lower structure made of an epitaxial layer(31) isolation layers(32), a photodiode, a transistor and an interconnection on a semiconductor substrate(30), the rear surface of the semiconductor substrate(30) is polished. Then, an aluminum layer(41) is formed on the polished rear surface of the semiconductor substrate(30) by sputtering an Al and an USG(Undoped Silicate Glass) layer(42) is formed on the entire rear surface of the resultant structure. After forming a blue, a red, and a green color filters(B,R,G), an OCN(Over Coating Material) layer(39) is formed on the entire surface of the resultant structure. Then, a micro-lens(40) is formed. At this point, though an electron-hole pair is firstly not formed by an incident light in the photodiode region, the electron-hole pair is secondly formed through the aluminum layer(41), thereby increasing electron-hole pairs.
NOVELTY - The marks (9s,9a-9c) used for positioning the solid-state image sensor (5) are formed on the inner bottom face (4) of the sensor, during die bonding of the sensor.    USE - For solid-state image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Accuracy of the positioning of the solid-state image sensor is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Package manufacturing method; and    (2) Light receiving apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top views of the package and the standard mark.    Inner bottom face (4)    Solid-state image sensor (5)    Marks (9a-9c,9s)
NOVELTY - A detector detects the player's physiological state and outputs a signal. A game controller changes execution processing of the game, depending on the player's physiology state.    USE - Fitness training device e.g. bicycle ergometer, stepper, twister, room runner, air worker, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the exercise and fitness training, effectiveness and quality of exercise.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for game program.
NOVELTY - A CPU operates an auxiliary light emitter (190) if no sheet of paper is detected along the optical path along which a light emitter (130) radiates light towards a light receiver (140).    USE - For detecting passage of sheet of paper along conveyance path.    ADVANTAGE - Increases response speed with respect to sheet detection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sensor layout of the sheet detector.    Light emitter (130)    Light receiver (140)    Auxiliary light emitter (190)
NOVELTY - The method involves using a magneto-optical component, which has rectangular flat surface view and which combines its vertical width in lateral width direction crossing a weld line (4), to check the weld line and to scan for surface defects on the weld line.    USE - Used in e.g. piping inspection, high tension steel inspection, welding inspection.    ADVANTAGE - Highly accurate in testing a weld line in a short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the magnetic-optical testing device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the working condition of a magneto-optical testing device. Drawing includes non-English language text.    Weld line (4)
NOVELTY - The installation of the optical-heat composite solar panels (m) and solar-cell panels (n) is performed at the optimum installation areas (A1,A2), with the inverse proportion of the ratio of a light-and-heat cost with an initial investment amount and the ratio of the initial investment amount with the light-and-heat cost in a solar-energy utilization system.    USE - For solar-energy utilization system.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures effective usage of solar energy in solar-energy utilization system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar-energy utilization system construction device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure perspective diagram of solar-energy utilization system.    Optimum installation areas (A1,A2)    Optical-heat composite solar panels (m)    Solar-cell panels (n)
NOVELTY - A connector (101) with several projections, is mounted in a bolt (104), such that the projections contact the solar cell modules (102) fixed onto a mounting stand (103).    USE - For installing solar cell module array.    ADVANTAGE - Since the projections contact the solar cell module, the electrical connection and the connector fixation connection are performed efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective and sectional views of the solar cell module installation.    Connector (101)    Solar cell module (102)    Mounting stand (103)    Bolt (104)
NOVELTY - The switch case (10) has a light transmitter (11) and a light receiver (12) and is provided outside a vacuum tank (25) having a transparent window (27). A reflector (13) is provided at the inner wall of the tank, reflects the light through the transparent window to the receiver.    USE - Photoelectric switch for vacuum tank in semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces cost by providing one transparent window only. Easily distinguishes reflected light from a processed object and the reflected light from a reflector.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for vacuum conveyor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the vacuum conveyor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Switch case (10)    Light transmitter (11)    Light receiver (12)    Reflector (13)    Vacuum tank (25)    Transparent window (27)
NOVELTY - A cover (11) covering the opening (100) in the substrate (10), contacts with the semiconductor chip (12) within the opening. An encapsulant (15) is formed covering the conductive traces (103) in the substrate lower surface (102), except the opening. A sealing plate (16) is attached to the encapsulant. Another encapsulant (18) is formed flushing with ends (170) of the connecting lumps (17) and the cover outer surface (110).    USE - In e.g. image-sensing or ultraviolet erasable EP-ROM package.    ADVANTAGE - As the encapsulant is formed on upper and lower surfaces of the substrate, the mechanical strength is increased. Hence, thickness of the substrate and the manufacturing cost are reduced. As the sealing plate covers the encapsulant and the through-hole entirely, the adhesion of sealing plate to the encapsulant is performed easily. Eliminates thermal stress resulted from the encapsulant exerted in the substrate during temperature cycle and high temperature condition under operation. Hence, warpage of the semiconductor device is eliminated. As the delamination between the semiconductor chip and the cover plate is prevented, the yield and reliability of the package is improved. As the cover is made of heat dissipating metal, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a semiconductor device.    Substrate (10)    Cover (11)    Semiconductor chip (12)    Encapsulants (15,18)    Sealing plate (16)    Connecting lumps (17)    Opening (100)    Substrate surface (102)    Conductive traces (103)    Cover outer surface (110)    Lump ends (170)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric convertor converts the light sensed by a light sensor plate into corresponding current signal. A converted-current processing circuit and voltage stabilizer produces charging current adapted to charge a battery (3) of a mobile telephone handset. The battery housing surface (310) faces the battery cap housing of the handset, with a recess (30) to receive the solar powered device (1) and protective cover plate (2).    USE - For battery (claimed) of mobile telephone handset.    ADVANTAGE - Since the light sensor, processor, photoelectric convertor are integrally placed within the device, the battery is charged by simply removing the cap of the battery, hence eliminates the need for carrying a battery charger or spare battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for battery of mobile telephone handset.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic partly exploded view of the solar powered device.    Solar powered device (1)    Cover plate (2)    Battery (3)    Recess (30)    Housing surface (310)
NOVELTY - A cover glass (1) used as a substrate improves the resistance to radiation characteristics of the solar cell. A crystalline thin film of the compound semiconductors (3-5) acting as a photovoltaic conversion element is formed on the cover glass using metal organic chemical vapor deposition system.    USE - Solar cell used as main power source in man-made satellite in space.    ADVANTAGE - As the semiconductor thin film is formed with the cover glass, the need to attach the cover glass to solar cell using adhesive is completely eliminated, thereby reducing the weight and manufacturing cost of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of a compound semiconductor type solar cell.    Cover glass (1)    Semiconductors (3-5)
NOVELTY - Several integrated thin film solar cell segments (12) having rectangular surfaces, are provided on a glass substrate (11), such that their long sides extend parallel to one another and are spaced at regular intervals. A portion (112) of the substrate surface exposed between two adjacent solar cell segments, defines a light transmitting window. A transparent resin fills a gap between the adjacent solar cell segments.    USE - See-through structured thin film solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The light transmitting window, ensures flow of current in the module, and is manufactured using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of the see-through structured thin film solar cell module.    Glass substrate (11)    Solar cell segments (12)    Substrate portion (112)
NOVELTY - A wind wheel has a current generator and a wind vane (10) to self-steer the wheel against the wind direction. Wheel and vane turn about a vertical axis and the vane turns about a horizontal extension of the wheel axis. The upper surface of the wind vane includes a solar collector (11).    USE - As a wind-powered current generator (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The solar collector provides power if the wind is insufficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A sectional view of the unit is shown.    Wind vane (10)    Solar collector (11)
NOVELTY - Movable endless track has endless belt made in the form of flat ring with flanges and rigid base filled with bulk material, for example sea sand, belt drive, and body configured in accordance with form of belt rigid base and comprising transition bridges extending through endless belt for dividing it into exercising sectors. Track is provided with heating members for heating sea sand, control panel and fans-aromatizers allowing aroma imitating sea or forest odor to be created.    USE - Mechanical engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Increased efficiency in producing sea, heated sea sand effect etc and simplified construction. 5 cl, 2 dwg
NOVELTY - A method for tidal power generation is provided to generate power for 24 hours by adjusting the height of a turbine corresponding to unit water pressure and by restraining the drain port of the turbine from sinking in the ebb tide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A turbine structure(3) is installed between a water reservoir(1) and a drainage area(2). A turbine(8) having a vane, a vane moving ring and a water mill is installed adjustably. The turbine is operated by adjusting the pressure of the water in the water reservoir, and the water is drained to the drainage area. In the tide, the height of the turbine is adjusted corresponding to the height of the tide. Therefore, the turbine is not sunk in the tide. Further, continuous power generation is possible.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer structure (31) has a side wall (11a) with angle within 90-110degrees with respect to upper face. A second layer structure (12) is formed in the etched portion of the layer structure (31). A shape control layer (122) with thickness 20-150 nm is formed at the lower side of the layer structure (12).    USE - Semiconductor integrated optical element.    ADVANTAGE - Deformation by abnormal growth of semiconductor layer structure is reduced, thus degradation of the characteristics of semiconductor optical element and degradation of optical coupling is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for semiconductor integrated optical element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side sectional drawing of the semiconductor integrated optical element.    Side wall (11a)    Layer structure (12)    Semiconductor layer structure (31)    Shape control layer (122)    Well layer (125)
NOVELTY - The optical transmission device has protrusions (T) formed on the light emitting elements (3a,3b) which are arranged opposite to a photodiode (7) and an optical fiber (F), respectively.    USE - Optical transmission device.    ADVANTAGE - Since light emitting elements are arranged opposite to the photodiode and the optical fiber, optical axis of the emitted light is easily adjusted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the optical transmission device.    Light emitting elements (3a,3b)    Photodiode (7)    Optical fiber (F)    Protrusions (T)
NOVELTY - The short circuit between the upper and lower electrode layers (7,2) formed on substrate (1), is prevented by etching the portion of the electrode layers at the edge of the substrate, and by spraying fine ground particles (22) using compressed air on the etched portion.    USE - For finishing process of solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids need for acid cleaning after etching. Reduces cost of manufacture of solar cell panel, and improves industrial value of panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view indicating the solar cell panel finishing method.    Substrate (1)    Lower electrode layer (2)    Upper electrode layer (7)    Spraying fine ground particle (22)
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion portion of pixel area of image pick-up is halved. The characteristics of the pixel in the divided pixel area differs based on the dividing direction of the pixel.    USE - Solid-state image pick-up e.g. video camera.    ADVANTAGE - The time spent for range-finding is reduced by reading the pixels in desired block of pixel area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid-state image pick-up system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the solid-state image pick-up. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An optical transducer receives optical information and converts it into an electric charge which is read by a semiconductor element. A substrate (37) having the semiconductor element is laminated on another substrate having an optical transducer. A contact connects the two substrates electrically.    USE - Solid-state image pick-up unit.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces occupancy area per pixel and improves resolution of device. Improves S/N ratio and avoids need for on-chip microlens for increasing rate of condensation, thereby reducing the device cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid-state image pick-up unit manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solid state image pick-up unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (37)
NOVELTY - A micro convex lens (134) is formed on the photosensors arranged on a semiconductor substrate. A color filter (4) having fixed film thickness, is attached to the upper surface of the micro convex lens, to form a pigment on the lens.    USE - For digital still camera and digital camcorder.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces height of upper layer of photo sensor, and enables reliable condensing of oblique-incidence light on light-receiving surface of photo sensor, hence increases photosensitivity corresponding to oblique-incidence light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid-state image sensor manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solid-state image sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Color filter (4)    Micro convex lens (134)
NOVELTY - A sub-mount substrate (42) is bonded to a light receiving substrate (41) having a light receiving element (45). The laser diode chips (43,44) are mounted on a prescribed site of the sub-mount substrate after appropriate time and cut out of light receiving element.    USE - For optical head used for reproduction of optical recording discs such as CD, digital versatile disc.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the position accuracy of the light receiving element and laser diode chip.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing method of the light receiving/emitting apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Light receiving substrate (41)    Sub-mount substrate (42)    Laser diode chips (43,44)    Light receiving element (45)
NOVELTY - An optical semiconductor device (1) consists of wings (11,12) at either sides of pair of light emission lenses (14,15), at right angle with respect to device flat surface from which loads (13) are drawn.    USE - For personal computer, electronic still camera.    ADVANTAGE - Accuracy of light receiving/emitting of light can be improved and reliability of optical semiconductor device can be improved sharply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of an optical semiconductor device.    Optical semiconductor device (1)    Wings (11,12)    Loads (13)    Light emission lenses (14,15)
NOVELTY - The module (10) includes several solar battery elements (11) which are arranged between resin sealing surfaces (14s,14r) with fluorescent material in an inner surface of weather resistance surface (13) which is provided below sealing resin surface (14r).    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell module can be recognized easily with improved element output, as the light reflected from fluorescent material and solar battery element, differs mutually.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top expanded sectional view of solar cell module.    Module (10)    Solar battery element (11)    Weather resistance surface (13)    Resin sealing surfaces (14r,14s)
NOVELTY - A power supply controller selectively controls the power supplied independently or mutually to the sensor group comprising of sensors (61,62). A power supply supplies common power to a sensor (63) which does not belong to the sensor group.    USE - For facsimile machine (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduces power consumption on using less number of output terminals in sensor device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for facsimile machine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram of the sensor device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sensors (61-63)
NOVELTY - A through-hole is formed in a base (10) comprising a single crystal silicon by anisotropic etching of front and back surfaces of optical semiconductor element carrier (M1). A lens (12) is arranged in the through-hole.    USE - For optical fiber communication system and optical LAN.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy handling of the optical semiconductor element carrier by arranging the lens in the through-hole.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for mounting structure of optical semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows mounting form of optical semiconductor element carrier.    Base (10)    Lens (12)    Optical semiconductor element carrier (M1)
NOVELTY - A base (2) is formed by adhering copper coating layer (B) on the surface of metal carbon composite (A) comprising carbonaceous base material dispersed with carbon fiber and impregnated with copper or silver particles.    USE - For optical semiconductor elements such as laser diode and photodiode.    ADVANTAGE - The air resistance and coupling efficiency of light and high frequency transmission characteristics of optical semiconductor element are improved by impregnating copper or silver particles to base material. Heat dissipation property during operation of optical semiconductor element is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optical semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the optical semiconductor device package.    Base (2)    Metal carbon composite (A)    Copper coating layer (B)
NOVELTY - A high density energy light is irradiated on an image forming layer (2) which is formed on metal support (1) through a peeling layer (3). The peeling layer is peeled off, when the exposed image on the image forming layer is transferred to the peeling layer.    USE - For image formation.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates image stain and color stain and enables obtaining a high quality and highly stable images, since a high density energy light is used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the image forming material.    Metal support (1)    Image forming layer (2)    Peeling layer (3)
NOVELTY - A container (7) with a transparent lid (5) exposed to road surface, accommodates a solar-cell-type self-illuminating device (10) to automatically switch a lamp (11) provided with a solar cell (12).    USE - E.g. floating pier provided with self-illuminating device, for use in island.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids manual switching operation of lamps. Solar cell equipped battery makes an external energizes unnecessary. Highly cost effective and improves safety for people traveling during night hours.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial longitudinal cross-sectional view of the coast structure with the self-illuminating device.    Transparent lid (5)    Container (7)    Lamp (11)    Solar cell (12)
NOVELTY - A crucible (4) accommodating silicon raw material (3a) is mounted on a tyl plate (8) comprising lattice and penetration portions arranged alternately. Heaters (7a,7b) are arranged to melt the raw material into molten metal (3). The crucible is cooled by thermal radiation from the penetration portion.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces production time of the polycrystalline silicon reliably as the cooling time of molten metal is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Molten metal (3)    silicon raw material (3a)    Crucible (4)    Heaters (7a,7b)    Tyl plate (8)
NOVELTY - The solar modules, horizontally and vertically aligned, are secured on profile rails of walls and roofs. The profile rails (1,1') of triangular double-trough shape, have deposition faces (1a,b,c) and are to be secured on the roof tiles. The lower part of one profile rail (1') overlaps the top part of the other profile rail (1). Into the free space under the deposition faces (1a,b) with seals are so inserted hooks that a clasp reaches under the deposition faces and solar modules abut the rear and in the fastening clamp of the hook for firm securing.    USE - For securing solar modules on building walls and roofs.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost structure for sealed and long service life cover.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fitting of profile rails.    profile rails, (1,1')    deposition faces (1a,b,c)
NOVELTY - The fixing device (3) consists of two back-to-back profiled components shaped to accept solar panels (11). It has one angled side (9) so that the width of the space enclosed by the mouth formed by the profile widens from top to bottom. The inner face of the mouth is lined with weather resistant foam strip, against which solar panels butt, and are held in place. Device feet (13) engage in clamps (4) formed from an oblong sheet metal blank which is secured to a support element, here a wire rope, stretched between roof ridge and eaves.    USE - Mounting solar panels on building roofs.    ADVANTAGE - The varying width over the mouth accepting the panels can accept panels of different thicknesses. The feet engaging in clamps provide a positive and secure fixing of the panels and the fact that they engage in opposite directions provides a non releasable fixing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows to a section through a fixing device the present invention.    fixing device (3)    clamps (4)    angled side (9)    solar panels (11)    feet. (13)
NOVELTY - A pair of rotary mechanism (8) for receiving and turning a pair of ropes (9) in opposite directions to each other, and pair of DC motors are provided in the pair of stations (14) arranged in mirror-image facing relation supported by a tripod stand (2). A synchronizer in each station synchronizes the rotation of the mechanisms. A controller controls speed of the rotary mechanisms.    USE - For recreation and physical fitness center, competitive team, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Allows the user to jump with single rope in more effective manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the jump rope device.    Tripod stand (2)    Rotary mechanism (8)    Ropes (9)    Stations (14)
NOVELTY - The optical detector has a shielding body (9) that prevents the lights that produce an interference effect and the lights other than the lights with the predetermined wavelength band from being transmitted through the optical filters (21-24). The optical filters are disposed between a window material (2) and a detection element (5).    USE - Used for detecting infrared rays or ultraviolet rays.    ADVANTAGE - Enables shading disturbing light that produces an interference effect.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view of the optical detector. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Window material (2)    Detection element (5)    Shielding body (9)    Optical filters (21-24)
NOVELTY - A bolometer-type infrared sensor is provided to improve a sensitivity and a through-put by using a thermistor and forming a defined heat isolation structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bolometer-type infrared sensor comprises thin thermistor devices(20) manufactured by a tape-casting method, and a heat isolation substrate(40) including device mounting grooves(42), empty parts(41) on the upper and lower surface of the heat isolation substrate(40), and a heat prevention part(45). At this point, the bolometer-type infrared sensor has a heat isolation and temperature compensation structure without performing an etching, thereby a sensitivity and a productivity are improved. The thin thermistor devices(20) are mounted and fixed on the heat isolation substrate(40). The bolometer-type infrared sensor further includes a base fixed with the heat isolation substrate(40), a mounting cap, and a window.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric sensor (42), operated based on the actuation and non actuation of an oil mist removal unit due to the high speed rotation of a motor (3), detects the concentration of oil mist by varying the output frequency of an inverter controller (45).    USE - For machine tool.    ADVANTAGE - Offers cost reduction by providing the photoelectric sensor which detects oil mist concentration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the oil mist removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Motor (3)    Photoelectric sensor (42)    Inverter controller (45)
NOVELTY - A pair of rear wheels (4) and front wheels (2) are connected by frames (3,5-8). A water-treatment pond (11) has a solar panel (9) arranged on mounting stand (1). The solar panel is inclined with respect to the front wheel than that of the rear wheel. A space (10) is formed below the panel for detachably mounting the panel to the stand.    USE - For water-treatment pond such as sedimentation basin.    ADVANTAGE - Solar panel is mounted easily and efficiently. The size and strength of mounting stand are increased. The operativity and maintenance checks of the water-treatment pond are improved and the panel is protected against production of alga and plants.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows right view of the solar power generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Mounting stand (1)    Front wheels (2)    Frames (3,5-8)    Rear wheels (4)    Solar panel (9)    Space (10)    Water-treatment pond (11)
NOVELTY - The fitness training system includes a computer and at least one fitness training apparatus. The computer includes control logic, program blocks and modules. A data carrier is provided in the form of a Smart card. Data relevant to the user and data relating to selected modules and program blocks are stored on the data carrier. The training apparatus is formed such that it is controlled via the data carrier.    USE - For optimal training based on personal data of the user.    ADVANTAGE - The training is optimally controlled according to the fitness level etc. of the user.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the system
NOVELTY - A trend base attached to a support structure, is selectively movable between an operating position and a storage position. A roller is provided on the front portion of the base pivotally with respect to a roller on the rear portion of the base.    USE - Foldable treadmill used in gym, home and retail stores for performing aerobic exercises.    ADVANTAGE - The treadmill is folded reliably thereby reducing the amount of space required to store and transport the treadmill.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional side view of the junction between the hand rail and side part of the treadmill.
NOVELTY - Solar battery has frame assembled of flat panels made of carbon-plastic tubes or other structural materials of definite shape and provided with uniformly disposed cavities accommodating modules of series- or series/parallel-connected solar cells attached to perforated film substrate by means of rear glass strips; perforated film substrate is made of reinforced polyamide film and has strip projections uniformly disposed over module perimeter and used for securing module to solar battery frame.    USE - Electrical engineering; solar-to-electric energy conversion.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced mass of panels, enhanced power capacity, reduced space requirement, facilitated manufacture. 3 dwg
NOVELTY - Proposed channel hydropower unit is designed for taking part of energy of river free flow and converting it into electric energy. Device has hydraulic turbine with bearings on its shafts secured in frame and hydraulic turbine spherical deformation compensators secured on frame, flow shaper whose bottom plate is installed at acute angle to water flow with shading of lower part of hydraulic turbine and having the length more than twice as great as diameter of hydraulic turbine. Frame is installed on support slides for axial displacement relative to slides and is connected with bank supports by holding wire rope and hinged rigid spacing element, all forming bank system for lowering the unit into flow. Space of spacing element is used to protect transmission line from generator arranged in hermetically sealed capsule and mechanically connected with hydraulic turbine or to install propeller shaft drive from hydraulic turbine to bank generator. High efficiency and stability of unit being placed in river and during its operation are provided by flow shaper. Efficiency of usage of flow energy is provided by positioning of hydraulic turbine relative to its core by means of bank starting system, and operation reliability is provided owing to spherical deformation compensators.    USE - Power engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Increased efficiency, stability and reliability. 10 cl, 18 dwg
NOVELTY - A cover (2) with a water-flow hole is provided to the solar cell (1) with foamed-resin plate provided to the roof of a house.    USE - For horticulture.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction of amount of generated electricity by solar cell while maintaining heat retaining property of house.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a perspective view showing the heat-retention house structure. (Drawing included non-English language text)    Solar cell (1)    Cover (2)
NOVELTY - An uneven diffusion layer (50) is provided on the surface of a glass cover (14) arranged on light incident side of the panel (52).    USE - Solar panel for buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The light reflected from the panel is scattered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar panel.    Glass cover (14)    Uneven diffusion layer (50)    Panel (52)
NOVELTY - A ball cell having a spherical substrate with n and p type silicon forming p-n junction, is prepared. The p-type silicon is exposed and a ball cell substrate is formed. The exposed portion of the p-type silicon is removed and n-type silicon is exposed, by spraying abrasive grains to exposed p-type silicon with prescribed jet pressure by sand blasting method.    USE - For manufacturing ball diode substrate.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficiently removing the exposed portions of the p-type silicon of the ball cell substrate, using simple method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a portion of the ball diode substrate.
NOVELTY - A sub-module is formed by sealing several solar battery elements (1) between a pair of translucent films (2,4). The gaps (6) are formed by arranging spacers (5) between a reinforced glass (20) and the translucent film (2).    USE - Solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Since the battery elements are sealed between the translucent films, the moisture resistance and reliability of the battery are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar battery module.    Solar battery elements (1)    Translucent films (2,4)    Spacer (5)    gaps (6)    Reinforced glass (20)
NOVELTY - A P-type well (13) has a driver transistor (Q13) which is formed such that the P-type well is connected to source diffusion layer (18a) of driver transistor, and has a load transistor (Q23) connected to ground. The P-type well is electrically separated from N-type well (12) which is connected to a power supply (VDD) through a N-type diffusion layer (16).    USE - Solid-state image sensing device.    ADVANTAGE - High gain source follower type amplifier with supply voltage higher than substrate voltage, is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solid-state image sensing device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    N-type well (12)    P-type well (13)    N-type diffusion layer (16)    Source diffusion layer (18a)    Driver transistor (Q13)    Load transistor (Q23)    Power supply (VDD)
NOVELTY - The method involves in depth study of meteorological, geological, ecological, hydraulic engineering, civil engineering, electromechanical engineering, IT, administrative and economical aspects involving construction projects, and in response building the flood/drought defense. The defense also uses river water to generate electricity. Transfer gates are formed at the points where the water is interrupted for electric turbines or pumping stations that pump water to storage areas for hydroelectric pumped storage applications. Water storage areas used for recreational purposes are also formed using passageways in the banks or ducts.    USE - For combating flooding and preventing droughts.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of the invention.    different zones (1)    areas with excess water (2)    drought areas (3)    sea (4)    rivers (5)    streams (6)    coastal areas (7)    lakes and lagoons (8)
NOVELTY - The series connected array of multiple photovoltaic cell includes a second cell (308) positioned overlying the portion of the light incident top surface (352) of a first cell (308) to facilitate the electrical joining of the electrically conductive foil of the second cell and the electrically conductive grid structure of the first cell through the joining portions (42,44).    USE - Series connected array of multiple photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables mass production of serially interconnected photovoltaic cells at low cost with high efficiency. Ensures improved process and structure for supplying current collector grids. Photovoltaic junction and metal foil support can be produced in bulk without using expensive and intricate material removal operations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrically conductive grid structure for collecting current from light incident surface of photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the lamination process for producing serially interconnected photovoltaic cells.    Joining portions (42,44)    Cell (308)    Light incident top surface (352)
NOVELTY - A hydroelectric power generator is provided to generate electricity without constructing a dam.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydroelectric power generator is composed of posts installed on both sides of the area where water flows with more than predefined velocity, an electricity generating unit(2) as a fluid guide, and a load body(4). A cable(3') connected to the posts is fixed on the electricity generating unit(2). The load body(4) is installed through the cable(3') and does not make the electricity generating unit float on water.
NOVELTY - A protecting surface (103) and a backside reinforcing surface (104) are provided to light receiving and non-irradiation surfaces of a battery (102), respectively. A notch (105) is provided to the protecting surface to expose the backside reinforcing surface.    USE - For solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Since non-irradiation surface is exposed, sensitivity of solar module is measured accurately to detect DC ground faults.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Roof;    (2) Solar cell array;    (3) Solar cell module DC ground fault detection method; and    (4) Building materials.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an entire perspective view of the solar cell module.    Battery (102)    Protecting surface (103)    Backside reinforcing surface (104)    Notch (105)
NOVELTY - A coupler (2) inserted into an insertion portion (111) of a ridge side transverse frame (11) is detachably connected to an eaves side transverse frame (12) through a fixing portion (121).    USE - For residential buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The operativity of the solar-cell module, is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar-cell module accommodation structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar-cell frame structure.    Coupler (2)    Ridge side transverse frame (11)    Eaves side transverse frame (12)    Coupler insertion portion (111)    Fixing portion (121)
NOVELTY - Horizontal pipe (111) of a transverse frame (11) is connected to a longitudinal pipe (131) of a longitudinal frame (13) in a solar cell module (1). Opening is provided in the longitudinal pipe (131) in the eaves direction for draining rain water on the outer surface of the solar cell module.    USE - Solar cell frame structure for solar power generation system for residence.    ADVANTAGE - Improves waterproof condition of the solar cell module by draining rain water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell frame structure.    Solar cell module (1)    Transverse frame (11)    Longitudinal frame (13)    Horizontal pipe (111)    Longitudinal pipe (131)
NOVELTY - A solar cell charges a battery that supplies electric power to a load. A voltage equalizer balances the charging voltage of each cell of the battery. According to a repeating pattern consisting of an equalizer operation period and an equalizer stop period, a controller makes the voltage equalizer operate.    USE - Electric-power supply system.    ADVANTAGE - Improves charging-and-discharging efficiency of battery cells, without increasing system cost. Avoids loss of electrical-storage energy of cell by equalizer operation.
NOVELTY - Light is radiated on the photoelectric cell immersed in the water or aqueous solution to be electrolyzed. Output voltage (V0) generated across anode (21) and cathode (22) of the cell due to light radiation, electrolyzes water or aqueous solution.    USE - For electrolysis of water or aqueous solution.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric cell is small-sized and performs the electrolysis of water or aqueous solution efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the photoelectric cell of the lamination structure.    Positive electrode (21)    Negative electrode (22)
NOVELTY - A controller is provided to output stop signal for the weaving operation, based on the rush width detector (100) which detects the width of each rush with respect to the reference standard width.    USE - For preventing overlap weaving of textile fabrics such as tatami mat using rush.    ADVANTAGE - Overlapping weave portion of the rush product is prevented, thereby enhancing the commercial value of product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the transverse plane view of the fasten with overlapping weave prevention apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Rush width detector (100)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell (52) mounted on a vehicle window (20) produces a reference output signal independent of the window open condition. Another photovoltaic cell produces window open or close indication signal which is compared with the reference signal by a microprocessor. An RF transmitter indicates the window open state based on the comparison result.    USE - For detecting the open or close state of windows in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a warning signal to be provided to the vehicle owners by providing the RF transmitter which efficiently indicates the window open state based on the comparison of signals from photovoltaic cells by the microprocessor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for apparatus for association with window movable between open condition and closed condition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the vehicle window in open condition.    Vehicle window (20)    Photovoltaic cell (52)
NOVELTY - A walk belt (20) is moved by the user manually. A processor varies a display in response to information indicating the operation state of the walk belt.    USE - Indoor tread machine.    ADVANTAGE - Varies display based on walking movement of user, thereby making exercise more enjoyable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a tread machine control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the perspective diagram of the indoor tread machine.    Walk belt (20)
NOVELTY - The method involves detecting the best focus position of a projection optical system in two regions based on the area ratio between the two regions during evaluation. The projection optical system outputs a photoelectric conversion signal when scanning a pattern for measurement based on the illumination intensity of the light irradiated to the pattern for measurement.    USE - Used in semiconductor manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Detects best focus position of projection optical system with high precision. Ensures accurate and effective light distribution when setting signal sensitivity. Performs highly precise exposure, thus improving semiconductor manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) the signal sensitivity setting method;    (b) the aligner and exposure apparatus;    (c) and the semiconductor manufacture using the aligner and exposure apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the detection of the best focus position of the projection optical system. Drawing includes non-English language text.
NOVELTY - The method involves setting the best exposure condition of an aligner and exposure apparatus during pattern transfer by defining the reference standard strength value when exposing a measurement mark based on the comparison result of the peak value and reference standard intensity value.    USE - Used in semiconductor manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures simple set-up of suitable exposure condition in which reduction in exposure accuracy is suppressed. Improves productivity in semiconductor manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A controller computes the best focus position of a projection optical system based on the photoelectrical conversion signals from an optical sensor and computes the peak value of the photoelectrical conversion signal corresponding to the best focus position. The distribution of light intensity on a space image is measured for every position on a slit plate which is scanned and illuminated with respect to the space image of the mark formed on an image surface. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) the aligner and exposure apparatus;    (b) and the semiconductor manufacture using the aligner and exposure apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the concrete composition of an illuminating system used in exposure setting. Drawing includes non-English language text.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric element (22) is provided on the upper surface of the circuit board (20). A photoelectric conversion structure (22A) is provided corresponding to the through-hole (21) in the circuit board. A signal processing chip (24) is mounted opposite to the photoelectric element and a shielding pattern is formed around the through-hole.    USE - Photoelectric sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a small-sized photoelectric sensor with excellent shielding property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photoelectric sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Circuit board (20)    Through-hole (21)    Photoelectric element (22)    Photoelectric conversion structure (22A)    Signal processing chip (24)
NOVELTY - A photodiode (1) and a signal processing unit are mounted on a lead-frame circuit board. The exposed portion of the circuit board other than the mounting portion, is bent. The photodiode is provided with respect to a light guide ON window (H) for guiding light within the housing (K).    USE - For brightness detection.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to reduce the size of the illumination intensity sensor module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the illumination intensity sensor module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Photodiode (1)    Light guide ON window (H)    Housing (K)
NOVELTY - A photoreceiving portion (31) of a lighting device (30), is formed with same shape as that of a solar cell panel (24) and is integrated in a solar energy generator (21).    USE - Residential building with solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - External appearance of the building is not impaired and lighting is ensured in arbitrary rooms in the building. Attachment operation is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the residential building with the solar cell panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar energy generator (21)    Solar cell panel (24)    Lighting device (30)    Photoreceiving portion (31)
NOVELTY - A cover has a battery accommodation recess (31) comprising a hollow portion (34) which is lower than the support portion that supports the solar cell (2). A drainage channel is provided to the bottom portion of the cover.    USE - For solar cells installed in the roof of buildings for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents degradation of solar cell and roof, by providing the drainage channel. The supports prevents shaking of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for roof-covering structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded sectional view of the roof-covering structure.    Solar cell (2)    Battery accommodation recess (31)    Hollow portion (34)
NOVELTY - An inner cover (21) and an outer cover upper face of solar cell panel (3). A rail (4) is arranged in the outer cover, in moving direction of the outer cover. A hanging portion (6) for hanging cable (5) of the solar cell panel, is arranged slidably.    USE - For covering solar cell panel installed in water treatment and sewage treatment plants.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for cable removal operation and protects the cable of solar cell effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the cover.    Solar cell panel (3)    Rail (4)    Cable (5)    Hanging portion (6)    Inner cover (21)    Outer cover (22)
NOVELTY - A support section (34) provided to the edge of an aperture (11) of a water treatment tank (10), supports a frame (30) provided to the periphery of a solar cell module (21) that acts as a lid of the water treatment tank.    USE - For water treatment tanks such as sedimentation basin and aerator used in water supply and sewage processing fields for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the number of components and hence reduces the cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the sewage line.    Water treatment tank (10)    Aperture (11)    Solar cell module (21)    Frame (30)    Support section (34)
NOVELTY - The image pick-up module has a base (40) integrally molded with a transparent material, and an image pick-up component (3) with a bump connected to a photoreceiver (6). Injection holes are formed to inject adhesive to the connection portion of the bump and electroconductive circuit pattern portion to which the bump is also connected.    USE - Used on camera.    ADVANTAGE - Has simple structure and reduced number of parts. Ensures reliable injection of sealing agent to the gap by the bump vicinity. Prevents irradiation of light with wavelength longer than desired wavelength without having to use separate low-pass filter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lens is connected to the image pick-up component for forming an optical image in the photoreceiver of the image pick-up component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram and sectional drawing of the image pick-up module with lens.    Image pick-up component (3)    Photoreceiver (6)    Base (40)
NOVELTY - An additional rotary shaft separates an active segment (13) from an inactive segment (14) of a closed loop (1) so that shortening of the inactive segment does not interfere with lengthening of the active segment for enabling output of the potential energy stored by the active segment.    USE - Closed power loop apparatus for power generation from non-conventional sources due to physical exercise, walking of animals. Also suits for tidal power plant, hydral power plant, wind power plant. For converting energy released from lightening into electric energy.    ADVANTAGE - Multiple shafts can be used to support the closed loop, and shortening of inactive segment does not interfere with the complete lengthening of the active segment at any time. Thus enabling essentially all of the stored potential energy to be output as kinetic mechanical energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method for input of kinetic energy, storage of potential energy, and output of kinetic energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the closed loop configuration.    Closed loop (1)    Active segment (13)    Inactive segment (14)
NOVELTY - A hydroturbine is rotated by water flowing from a delivering reservoir (101) to a receiving reservoir (102). Distance between functioning level of water in the delivering reservoir and a rotational axis of the hydroturbine, is fixed to sustain the rotation of hydroturbine at a constant speed.    USE - For activating machinery such as oil drill, conveyor belt in factory.    ADVANTAGE - Due to constant functioning level of water in the delivering reservoir, the energy output from the hydroturbine is in a steady state. The hydroturbine system introduces an uncomplicated and practical way to convert energy in erratic natural sources into power of useful steady form.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of hydropower conversion system.    Delivering reservoir (101)    Receiving reservoir (102)
NOVELTY - The assembly (1) comprises a single-piece support (2) with a first support surface for ballast and a second support surface for the solar panel (3) when it is laid flat during transport. The second support surface is preferably recessed. A stand mechanism is provided for supporting the solar panel in an angled position during use.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly is simple to transport, the support can be easily placed in position and solar panel cooling is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) a combination of two of these assemblies, in which the assemblies are positioned opposite each other, and (b) the support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a plan view of the solar panel assembly.    Solar panel assembly (1)    Tray made from e.g. polyethylene (2)    Solar panel, e.g. PV (photvoltaic) panel (3)    Flanges (7a, 7b)    Raised regions (8a, 8b)    Depression (9a)    Raised profile (9b)    Recessed regions (10a, 10b)    Tray base (12)    Solar panel-receiving region of tray (13)    Hinge pins (19a, 19b)    Solar panel length edges (22a, 22b)    Tray edges (23a, 23b)
NOVELTY - A sensor (160A,160B) outputs a detecting signal when one step falls to a predetermined position. A memory stores scale information on a series of sound or music. A controller pick-out scale information on the following sound from the memory upon receiving the detecting signal and outputs series of music via speaker using the scale information.    USE - For indoor use.    ADVANTAGE - Allows the exerciser to enjoy a monotonous exercise by providing music and changing the music tempo and rhythm corresponding to the treading timing, thus prolongs exercise period and improves user's health.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a perspective view of the structure of a foot treading type exercise instrument.    Sensor (160A,160B)
NOVELTY - A support (B) having radius about 150-600 millimeters performs reciprocating motion on the periphery at the end of a sector about 10-180 degrees. A drive mechanism actuates the support to reciprocate the right and left direction at the speed about 20-200 cycles per minute.    USE - Exercise equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Can apply torsion to the whole body and improves bowel movement of the user since stimulation is applied to the stomach and intestines.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exercise equipment with a support that performs right and left reciprocating motion.    Support (B)
NOVELTY - A read-out transistor (31), resetting transistor (32), amplification transistor (33) and selector transistor (34) are formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate (21), with each having a channel area (23) formed on the side of a trench (22).    USE - For e.g. digital still camera, mobile telephone, personal computer, personal digital assistant (PDA).    ADVANTAGE - Unit area of photodiode is increased without reducing degree of integration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an image sensor manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view of a pixel unit in the image sensor.    Semiconductor substrate (21)    Trench (22)    Channel area (23)    Read-out transistor (31)    Resetting transistor (32)    Amplification transistor (33)    Selector transistor (34)
NOVELTY - An amplification transistor (26) and a selector transistor (28) are respectively laminated on a read-out transistor (24) and a resetting transistor (22) through an insulation membrane (37).    USE - Image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Photosensitivity is improved. Unit area of photodiode is increased without reducing degree of integration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an image sensor manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view of a pixel unit in the image sensor.    Resetting transistor (22)    Read-out transistor (24)    Amplification transistor (26)    Selector transistor (28)    Insulation membrane (37)
NOVELTY - An aperture pattern on the surface of a semiconductor substrate (11) demarcates a photodiode area (12) that photoelectrically converts incident light. Sublayer wirings (21,22) are embedded in insulating films (15,16) capped by a passive membrane (17) in which a top wiring (23) is embedded.    USE - Image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Has improved sensitivity and condensing property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an image sensor manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the cross-sectional view of the image sensor.    Semiconductor substrate (11)    Photodiode area (12)    Insulating film (15,16)    Passive membrane (17)    Sublayer wiring (21,22)    Top wiring (23)
NOVELTY - A thermosetting sheet (206) is interposed between a semiconductor element and a circuit body. The external electrode terminal of the element is electrically connected to the electrode of the circuit body via through holes (234) formed on the thermosetting sheet.    USE - Semiconductor element mounting method.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures highly-reliable positioning of the electrode terminals on the corresponding through holes of the thermosetting sheet, thereby ensuring accurate electrical connection between the terminals on both the semiconductor chip and the circuit body.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an optical information processing device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view and sectional drawing of the thermosetting sheet used in joining a semiconductor chip with a circuit board.    Thermosetting sheet (206)    Through holes (234)
NOVELTY - The opposing surface of a porous ferromagnetic sleeve or a shaft (11) has magnetization variation portions corresponding to dynamic pressure generating grooves (22,23). The magnetic field necessary to suck oil is formed in the gap.    USE - Magnetic-fluid hydrodynamic bearing motor for recording device.    ADVANTAGE - As the necessary magnetic field to suck oil is formed in the gap between the sleeves, the durability of the bearing is improved. The motor has simplified structure and hence reduces cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for magnetic-fluid hydrodynamic bearing motor manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the shaft and the sleeve of the motor and the magnetizing distribution of the sleeve sliding face.    Shaft (11)    Grooves (22,23)
NOVELTY - A micro-structure solar facade has horizontally or vertically arranged solar cell modules (1) singly or multiply adjacent in angled rows in step and cassette form on step holders (5) with shadow-free facings (3) and forming a unit on holders (2) fixed to an underframe (4).    USE - For the production of solar energy with simultaneous weather protection for buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is aesthetically pleasing and gives a high solar energy production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A perspective drawing of the structure is shown.    Solar modules (1)    Facings (3)    Underframe (4)    Step holders (5)
NOVELTY - The rotor has blades (2) with spaces (2.1) between neighboring blades. The spaces enclose ring segments (10), which are connected to the neighboring rotor blades and are coaxial to the vertical longitudinal rotor axis (5). The segments are profiled, and are shaped like a rotor profile when seen in axial section through the rotor. Several neighboring blades with their segments are formed as an integral module.    USE - Water turbine for energy generation.    ADVANTAGE - Improved vibration resistance, can be operated at all part loads, and is highly efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows rotor.    blades (2)    spaces (2.1)    rotor axis (5)    ring segments (10)
NOVELTY - The sliding cover movable in direction parallel to plane of roof, comprises several solar modules (6) and an auxiliary electrical generator. The size of the solar modules is equal to width size of roof opening. The auxiliary generator mounted on end face of the cover is hydrogen operated strip shaped polymer electrolyte fuel cell or direct methanol fuel cell.    USE - For covering roof opening of motor vehicle such as passenger car, truck, van, bus, railroad car, ship, airplane and mobile homes etc.    ADVANTAGE - By providing auxiliary generator, the engine of the vehicle is independently operated by arranging the solar modules equal to size of roof opening, several modules are arranged and hence usage efficiency of the cover is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross section of the sliding cover guide arrangement.    Solar modules (6)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic collector panel (32) collects the solar energy and provides electric power to charge batteries (34) which provide power to the cooler during nights. A thermoelectric unit (24) has semiconductor elements (50) to transfer the heat from a colder end of a storage compartment (12) to an upper hotter end (28) and a heat sink (26).    USE - For storing drug vial with protein based drug, primarily insulin for diabetic patient or drug for out-of-hospital thrombolytic therapy.    ADVANTAGE - The combined solar and battery power supply allows keeping an article in the cooler at low temperatures at all times during long travels in hot or tropical conditions where even short term exposure to surrounding temperatures can destroy the potency of the drug. Since the semiconductor elements effectively pump heat from bottom of storage compartment, the cooler is very efficient in keeping the internal portion of the compartment cold, with very low energy being spent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the miniature thermoelectric cooler.    Storage compartment (12)    Thermo-electric unit (24)    Heat sink (26)    Upper hotter end (28)    Photovoltaic collector panel (32)    Battery (34)    Semiconductor elements (50)
NOVELTY - A wheel has a runner section comprising of two sidewalls and bottom surface. The full runner blades (2020,2022) are arranged between the sidewalls from a bucket (2024). The partial blades (2026) arranged between the runner blades, has opposing sides defining respective bucket sections and allows water to travel from one bucket section to other as wheel rotates.    USE - Water-driven impulse turbine for electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The configuration of the bucket structure allow the working fluid to constantly impact the runner blades, that more amount of energy is transferred from the fluid to the runner blades, thereby allowing the wheel to rotate efficiently. So, a consistent speed of rotation and maximum available torque can be maintained efficiently with low installation and operating costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for impulse turbine usage method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the impulse turbine.    Full runner blades (2020,2022)    Bucket (2024)    Partial blade (2026)
NOVELTY - An inner panel (16') and a smaller outer panel (20') respectively have an array of segmented solar cells (26) on the front faces. The inner panel has additional array of cells which become a sub-array of cells on outer panel in folded configuration. The total cell area (A) is divided such that pA is provided by the outer panel where p is an integer less than unity and A is area of inner panel and (1-p)A is provided by the inner panel.    USE - Foldable solar cell array used in spacecraft mission.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces total mass and inertia by properly choosing value such that its significantly less than unity. The sub-array of cells in the folded configuration, provides sufficient power to meet spacecraft requirement in a transfer orbit, without displaying the array. The continuous array of cells in deployed configuration, provides sufficient power to meet maximum demands of the spacecraft.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the configuration of the solar cell array.    Inner panel (16')    Smaller outer panel (20')    Solar cells (26)
NOVELTY - A portion (1) of side walls and roof of the building is used for greening, while the other portions (2) are used for solar power generation.    USE - Residential building with greening and solar power generation facility.    ADVANTAGE - Enables storage of rain water and reduces wall temperature, sufficiently. Energy conservation is achieved, since a portion of the building is used for solar power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the residential building.    Greening portion (1)    Solar power generation portion (2)
NOVELTY - The fixed mount stands (32) are mounted on fixing tools (41,51) that penetrate roof panel (21), through the screws (42A,52A). Roof units (31,34) are fixed to the stands through a fixed bracket (33).    USE - Roof fixing structure.    ADVANTAGE - Since roof units are fixed to fixed mount stands, the support space of roof and cost are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for roof fixing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of roof fixing structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Roof panel (21)    Roof units (31,34)    Fixed mount stands (32)    Fixed bracket (33)    Fixing tools (41,51)    Screws (42A,52A)
NOVELTY - A solar cell (36) is connected to a power supply plug (3) through a battery (33), a live portion (26) and an AC adapter (19). A connecting terminal (31) connects the battery to an electronic device (2). The AC adapter, live portion, battery and solar cell are arranged in one box.    USE - For electronic equipment e.g. notebook personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Installation space is made small by arranging AC adapter, live portion, battery and solar cell in one box. Battery output and solar cell output are provided to an electronic device and hence usage time of the electronic device is extended.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of an electric power device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electronic device (2)    Power supply plug (3)    AC adapter (19)    Live portion (26)    Connecting terminal (31)    Battery (33)    Solar cell (36)
NOVELTY - A solar cell sealing material is formed by heat cross-linking ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer having vinyl acetate content of 26-30 mass%, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane as cross-linking adjuvant. The half life period of cross-linking adjuvant is 30 minutes or less at 140degreesC. The sealing material has volume resistivity of 3x1015 OMEGA.cm.    USE - For solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing material has high volume resistivity, and effectively prevents leakage of electric current from a solar cell. The sealing material improves insulation of solar cell module, and enables size reduction and cost reduction of solar cell module preparation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell sealing material is formed by heat cross-linking ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer having vinyl acetate content of 26-30 mass%, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane as cross-linking adjuvant. The half life period of cross-linking adjuvant which is an organic peroxide, is 30 minutes or less at 140degreesC. The sealing material has volume resistivity of 3x1015 OMEGA.cm, after cross-linking.
NOVELTY - A weight (4) provided at the end of a baton (1), is mass adjustable and/or position adjustable towards or away from the end of the baton, in order to vary the effective torque of the device, when the device is swung by a user.    USE - Exercise device e.g. dumb-bell, wrist weight.    ADVANTAGE - The effective torque of the device is easily set for a particular user when the device is swung by the user, by adjusting the weight without removing the housing from the baton. Hence a wide range of individuals of different fitness levels can use the device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Device can also include accelerometer connected to microprocessor for determining the user's exercise performance. Communication port, antenna, optical or ultrasonic link may also be incorporated for downloading data to a computer for further analysis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the interior view of the exercise device.    Baton (1)
NOVELTY - The light emitted by multiple light emitting elements of an LED unit, are converted into corresponding photo-electric signals. The light emission state of each light emitting element is displayed based on the photo-electric signal. Each LED unit is inspected in accordance with corresponding light emission states.    USE - For inspecting light source e.g. LED unit used in image reader e.g. charge coupled device (CCD) scanner.    ADVANTAGE - By inspecting the light emitting state of the LED unit based on the photo-electric signals, the LED unit is inspected easily and accurately without affecting human eye.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for light source inspection method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of a digital print system.
NOVELTY - A solar battery (12) provides power to a display driver that drives a display screen (11) which shows data stored in an electrically erasable programmable ROM.    USE - Used as e.g. credit card, automated teller machine card, phone card, fare card.    ADVANTAGE - Enables user to read data stored in IC card without using card reader. Improves IC card structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric view of an integrated circuit card.    Display screen (11)    Solar battery (12)
NOVELTY - A group of refractive elements (3) and parallel total internal reflecting (TIR) lens blocks (2) are arranged alternately on the incident surface. Each lens block has a facet and is arranged between two adjacent refractive elements.    USE - For backlight unit of liquid crystal display incorporated in watches, computer, personal data devices, electronic time piece. Also for use in imaging projector, spectrophotometer, photovoltaic cell, solar power system, vehicle mounted lightings.    ADVANTAGE - Focuses the light efficiently without creation of light/dark concentric rings thereby assumes brightness uniformity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for illumination device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of lens.    TIR lens blocks (2)    Refractive elements (3)
NOVELTY - A solar blanket (100) has several solar power modules. Spines extend along the modules and hinge adjacent modules to each other to enable them to be accordion-folded for stowage. The spine is mounted at one end to a base plate (21) and the other end to a tip plate (22). A pentograph deployment structure extends between the two plates. An electrical harness is attached to the modules.    USE - Solar array apparatus for power satellite vehicles such as spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Enables mass production at low cost, as the field of solar cell is separated into individual identical modules. The modules are individually and readily replaceable during test or repair. Rapid integration of each module into the blanket requires only minimum number of fastening elements. The solar array is easily deployable without the risk of snapping.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar array in an intermediate configuration.    Base plate (21)    Tip plate (22)    Solar blanket (100)
NOVELTY - Solar cells (14) for producing electric power are arranged in a filler (13) between a transparent cover (12) and a substrate (11). Electroconductive heat pipes (16,17), passing through the filler and respectively touching the upper face and undersurface of each solar cell, take out the electric power of each solar cell.    USE - Used in solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures improved cooling effectiveness and restrains temperature increase in each solar cell especially during daytime, in which sunlight is high, to ensure effective electricity generation. Ensures excellent and reliable photoelectric conversion without big output reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the photoelectric converter. Drawing includes non-English language text.    Substrate (11)    Transparent cover (12)    Filler (13)    Solar cells (14)    Electroconductive heat pipes (16,17)
NOVELTY - A transparent cover (12) is arranged on a substrate (11) with a predetermined gap in between. Solar cells (13) are arranged between the transparent cover and substrate to produce electric power. Lead wires (14) connect the solar cells while maintaining the gap between the substrate and transparent cover.    USE - Used in solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures excellent and reliable photoelectric conversion while reliably restraining temperature increase in solar cells during daytime, in which sunlight is high, to ensure effective electricity generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the photoelectric converter. Drawing includes non-English language text.    Substrate (11)    Transparent cover (12)    Solar cells (13)    Lead wires (14)
NOVELTY - A filler (13) is formed on a substrate (11). A first transparent cover (12a) is arranged on the filler. A second transparent cover (12b) is arranged on the first transparent cover. Solar cells (14) for producing electric power are provided in the filler. Lead wires (15) are used to connect the solar cells and to take out the electric power of the solar cells.    USE - Used in solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures excellent and reliable photoelectric conversion while reliably restraining temperature increase in solar cells during daytime, in which sunlight is high, to ensure effective electricity generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the photoelectric converter. Drawing includes non-English language text.    Substrate (11)    First transparent cover (12a)    Second transparent cover (12b)    Filler (13)    Solar cells (14)    Lead wires (15)
NOVELTY - Pipings (16,17), passing through a filler (13), are in contact to the upper face and undersurface of each solar cell (14). Water is poured into the pipings to cool the solar cells. The solar cells are parallelly and electrically connected by the pipings which are also used for externally taking out the electric power of each solar cell.    USE - Used in solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures improved cooling effectiveness and improved electricity generation since photoelectric conversion can be performed with excellent reliability and without big output reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the photoelectric converter. Drawing includes non-English language text.    Filler (13)    Solar cells (14)    Pipings (16,17)
NOVELTY - A chromium film (62) is formed on a colored glass filter (61) which is exposed through a slit (63) and irradiated by a laser source. The fluorescence emitted from the glass filter due to excitation is detected by a photoelectric element, based on which focal position of the co-focal point of optical system is determined.    USE - For scanner (claimed) equipped with cofocal point optical system.    ADVANTAGE - The focus of the optical system used in scanner is adjusted easily and reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Scanner equipped with co-focal point optical system;    (2) Focal position determination device; and    (3) Focal position control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of focal position determination system.    Glass filter (61)    Chromium film (62)    Slit (63)
NOVELTY - A workpiece (11) for lamination, is supported on a support plate (3) located in a lower chamber casing (1). A hot plate (43) is located at under surface of an upper chamber casing (2). The workpiece is heated and pressurized by making the support plate or the hot plate elevatable.    USE - For manufacturing laminated structure such as solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for providing diaphragm for pressurizing the workpiece, since the support plate or the hot plate is elevatable. Reduces cost of the lamination equipment by eliminating the diaphragm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the lamination equipment.    Lower chamber casing (1)    Upper chamber casing (2)    Support plate (3)    Workpiece (11)    Hot plate (43)
NOVELTY - The image sensor chips (1) are arranged in a straight line on a substrate along main scanning direction. The light receiving elements (2) are arranged at a interval similar to pixel interval depending on the pixel resolution and existence of virtual light receiving elements (3) in between the chips.    USE - E.g. scanner for facsimile, copier.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of leakage current due to effective distribution of light receiving elements thereby output characteristics of light receiving elements is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of image sensor chip.    Image sensor chip (1)    Light receiving elements (2)    Virtual light receiving elements (3)
NOVELTY - The pin hole pattern is scanned by the electron beam which is deflected by the mask (10). The intensity of the detected beam passing through the hole in hole plate provided at the lower side, is measured.    USE - For evaluating intensity of electron beam for manufacturing microdevices such as semiconductor chip e.g. IC, LSI, etc., liquid optical panel, CCD, thin film magnetic head, micromachine, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Evaluates beam intensity distribution accurately.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Electron beam projection exposure device; and    (2) Electron beam projection exposure device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the optical system of projection exposure device.    Mask (10)
NOVELTY - The optical system (OL1) comprises positive lens (I) comprising an optical material having a negative refractive index temperature coefficient, and positive lens (II) comprising an optical material having positive refractive index temperature coefficient.    USE - As optical system for aberrational measuring device, projection exposure device and micro-device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optical system reduces the variation of optical properties, such as focal position variation, during temperature change. Aberration of projection optical system contained in the projection exposure device, is measured accurately using the optical system, and without the influence of environmental temperature or temperature change. Micro-device with favorable through-put, is produced using the projection exposure device utilizing the optical system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Aberrational measuring device;    (2) Projection exposure device;    (3) Manufacture of optical system;    (4) Manufacture of aberrational measuring device;    (5) Manufacture of projection exposure device; and    (6) Manufacture of micro-device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the lens cross-section of optical system.    Optical system (OL1)
NOVELTY - The optical disk includes a dielectric layer (12), diffusion prevention layers (13,15), recording layer (14) sequentially formed on the substrate (11). A dielectric layer (16) is formed on the layer (15). By controlling the thickness of layer (16) the phase difference of the light reflected from the area (S) in the layer (14) is reduced.    USE - Optical disk e.g. DVD-RAM.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an optical disk with favorable recording characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an optical disk manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the optical disk.    Substrate (11)    Dielectric layers (12,16)    Diffusion prevention layers (13,15)    Recording layer (14)    Recording area (S)
NOVELTY - The power generation water wheel has an automatic height adjustment for varying water levels and access by raising or lowering the axle bearings by known mechanisms mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically.    USE - For electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The rate of output may be optimized for varying water levels and speeds and to allow passage of small boats.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates a schematic view of the system.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a power source comprising photovoltaic solar panels (102,104) within a polyhedral-shaped buoyant enclosure comprising floatable composite plastic material to drive an electrolytic reaction. A polarity reversing module is connected to plural oxidizer coated metal electrodes extending outward from the buoyant enclosure.    USE - For generating chlorine electrolytically to purify water in a swimming pool.    ADVANTAGE - As the material and design of the enclosure allows the apparatus to float freely in a swimming pool, a natural and gentle chemical generation process is achieved. The metal and oxidizer coating on electrodes enhances the performance of the apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top perspective view of structure of floatable sanitizer apparatus.    Photovoltaic solar panels (102,104)
NOVELTY - The mount housing (3) has anchors (9), holding slots and installing structures (10) integrally formed in its clamp face. The installing structures push in and attach the anchors to the holding slots through the loop-shaped mounting grooves (5,6) of the flat plate (1), to attach the flat plate to the housing and housing to the clamp face (2).    USE - For mounting flat plate solar cell module on toll gate in toll roads.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple mount structure for easily and rapidly mounting the solar cell module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar cell module attachment; and    (2) Solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the mount housing attached to the panel.    Flat plate (1)    Clamp face (2)    Mount housing (3)    Mounting grooves (5,6)    Anchor (9)    Installing structures (10)
NOVELTY - A diode (12) is included in a terminal box (17) where the electrode plates (13,14) are connected to anode and cathode of the diode respectively. The electrode plates are connected to solar cell (20) through respective lead wires (21,22).    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A diode is used which provides thin heat dissipation. The efficiency is increased and the size of the terminal box is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of terminal box of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Diode (12)    Electrode plates (13,14)    Solar cell (20)    Lead wires (21,22)
NOVELTY - The power converter includes a rotation sealing mechanism consists of a spring which is mounted to the inner side of a cylindrical high rotation seal. The ends of the seal are held in an airtight state by an O-ring. An automatic rotation prevention mechanism includes ranks mechanisms that are provided between the rotation scroll and a housing.    USE - For hydroelectric device used for a power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents contamination of water with abrasion powder, lubricating oil. Promotes conservation of the environment since air pollution is eliminated. Increases operating efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the spiral protrusion of the rotation scroll. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The generation units generate a modulation clock and a signal based on a standard clock. A drive pulse is generated to be synchronous with modulation clock, based on the generated signal.    USE - For driving solid state image pick-up elements such as CCD sensor and CMOS sensor used in digital camera and image reading device (claimed) used in digital copier.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces radiation noise generation by generating a drive pulse synchronous with modulation clock, based on generated signal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Image reading device; and    (2) Solid state image pick-up element actuation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the three line color CCD sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A front and back panels (4,5) have minimum value of coefficient of linear expansion in the length direction of a solar cell module (2) and maximum value in the orthogonal direction. The length and width of the solar cell module, that includes solar cells connected in series, satisfy specified relationship.    USE - Solar cell panel installed in motor vehicle, residential building.    ADVANTAGE - A thin film solar cell module is embedded without causing performance degradation of the solar cell module, by the differential thermal expansion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solar cell panel.    Solar cell module (2)    Front and back panels (4,5)
NOVELTY - A pair of solar cell modules (4,4') provided between device base frames (1), is detachedly fixed to the sides (1b) of the base frame. A module supporting piece (8) protrudes from the base frame to have polymerization contact with a base frame of another device which is fixed to the upper end of the base frame (1).    USE - Solar cell module mounting device.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates with favorable mounting of solar cell module, using the simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front elevation of the solar cell module mounting device.    Device base frames (1)    Frame sides (1b)    Solar cell modules (4,4')    Support piece (8)
NOVELTY - A porous surface layer (306) of a support plate (308) contains an inorganic material as a sealing material. The sealing material consists of organic resin compositions with melt flow-rate of about 0.5-50 g/10min in 190 degrees-Celsius and test load of about 2.16 kgf.    USE - For sealing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The bonding strength of the sealing material is improved by the porous layer containing inorganic material. Thereby, a long-term reliability in photovoltaic cell is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a detailed descriptional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    porous surface layer (306)    support plate (308)
NOVELTY - The arrangement has a bearer structure (1) and photovoltaic modules (3) mounted on the structure and connected together electrically by an electrical connection arrangement. The connection arrangement for each module contains 2 plug connection elements (10a,10b; 13a,13b) that can be plugged together to make electrical contact, one on the module and one on the bearer structure to be plugged together by mounting the module on the bearer structure.    USE - E.g. for photovoltaic generators for buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Modules can be electrically wired at relatively low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic perspective exploded representation of a module bearer structure unit for an inventive device    bearer structure (1)    photovoltaic module (3)    plug connection elements (10a,10b; 13a,13b)
NOVELTY - A bidirectional energy-accumulated tidal electric generating apparatus has stage-one water turbine to drive stage-one air compressor to produce compressed air. Compressed air passes via pipeline to the stage-two air compressor driven by stage-two water turbine, where it is compressed further. The compressed air from stage-two compressor drives the electric generator set to generate electricity. The excess stage-two compressed air is compressed further under stage-three air compressor driven by accumulating turbine and stored in air tank for use.
NOVELTY - Light concentrator system comprises a primary light collector with an optical mixer near its focal zone and having a broken symmetry shape plus a transparent entrance aperture, a reflective housing with reflective surface components and a transparent exit aperture. The unbroken symmetry shape comprises reflective walls coupled at discontinuities in slope and the primary light collector is a reflector dish or lens. The optical mixer is a solid material, hollow container or container enclosing a liquid. The mixer housing surface causes total internal reflection and specular reflection.    USE - System is for solar electricity generation and is for producing a uniform irradiance on a concentrating photovoltaic array.    ADVANTAGE - System improves concentrating photovoltaic array efficiency using inexpensive broken symmetry optical mixers and an exit aperture concentrator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a light flux contour map for the entrance to the optical mixer.
NOVELTY - A lens seat (3) arranged on an upper edge of an image sensor (2), has an image pick-up cylinder (31) to cover a coupling transistor (22). The lens seat has a connecting section (32) that sealingly attaches to the outer periphery of the top package of the image sensor, so that axis of a lens (33) is projected onto the sensor center (221) of the transistor.    USE - CCD and CMOS image pick-up module.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids image deflection as the axis of the lens is not deflected from the image sensor and prevents the sealing glass sheet during packaging, thereby promoting production efficiency. Facilitates the design and use of the pick-up module by the provision of reduced volume.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective exploded view of the CCD and CMOS image pick-up module.    Image sensor (2)    Lens seat (3)    Coupling transistor (22)    Image pick-up cylinder (31)    Connecting section (32)    Lens (33)    Sensor center (221)
NOVELTY - A fitness controller (100) controls the audio sound heard by an exerciser, based on the artery signals corresponding to artery movements, which is detected by a photodetector (212) of a fitness headphone (200).    USE - Aerobic exercise aid device.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the user to perform aerobic exercise safely and comfortably at level best suited to that person.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for exercise aid method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an overview of the aerobic exercise aid device.    Fitness controller (100)    Fitness headphone (200)    Sensor (212)
NOVELTY - A pair of profile channel engagement hooks (202,204) are attached to a solar module frame (300). The hook comprises neck portion extending from an attachment portion towards a foot portion, perpendicularly with respect to solar collection surface. The foot portion has cross-sectional area larger than that of the neck portion.    USE - Solar collector with solar module (claimed) such as solar thermal module, solar electrical cell such as p-n photo cell, amorphous photo cells, photo electrochemical photo cells, MIS photo cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the foot portion of profile channel attachment hook has larger cross-sectional area, the solar module is easily attached. The structure is simplified and therefore the individual pieces are readily replaced when necessary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar module; and    (2) Solar collector mounting method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial sectional view of solar collector.    Profile channel engagement hooks (202,204)    Solar module frame (300)
NOVELTY - Plant has curvilinear narrowing chute to feed water to cylinder which accommodates turbine with output shaft. U-shaped chute is turned through 90degrees so that its outer vertical wall is arranged between horizontal flanges and cylinder is located outside river bed.    USE - Conversion of river flow energy into turbine shaft rotation mechanical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of operation of turbine without abrasive wear caused by hard particle suspension. 4 dwg
NOVELTY - Device has an upper and lower tanks communicating with each other and a hydroelectric generator positioned in the lower tank. The upper tank rests on supporting pipes and has a sluice valve for admission of water to the hydroelectric generator. Discharge chambers are located in the upper tank above the supporting pipes. Each discharge chamber has a volume gate valve and flaps located on each side of the chamber. Through the supporting pipes water from the lower tank is fed to the upper tank due to the movement of the volume gate valves. From the upper tank water is fed to the hydroelectric generator for generation of electric power.    USE - Hydraulic power engineering, applicable at hydroelectric pumped storage power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Provided compactness of the device due to the use of supporting pipes as water conduits for supply of water to the upper tank. 1 dwg
NOVELTY - A water turbine (3) for driving a generator (4), is driven by the force of water flowing through a pipeline (2) from a top edge portion. The pipeline has a drained water portion (21) and a pumping portion (23) which is provided with an air life mechanism.    USE - For electricity generation using water turbine for home, factory use.    ADVANTAGE - Enables generating sufficient amount of electricity by simple setup.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational view of the hydroelectric power generator.    Pipeline (2)    Water turbine (3)    Generator (4)    Drained water portion (21)    Pumping portion (23)
NOVELTY - A fluid passage (15) connects upstream side (13) of impeller (3) to downstream side (14) of draft tube (4) for ejecting water. The downstream portion (15b) of the fluid passage is arranged between a shroud ring (5) provided at periphery of the impeller and a seal ring (6) surrounded by a cover (7). The downstream portion of fluid passage is inclined inwardly relative to flow direction of water through inlet port (4a) of draft tube.    USE - For installation in dams, weir, etc., for generation of hydroelectricity.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces generation of turbulence in water flow by inclining the downstream portion of the fluid passage relative to water flow direction in the inlet port of the draft tube, hence prevents reduction in efficiency of the Francis turbine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the principal portion of the Francis turbine. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Impeller (3)    Draft tube (4)    Inlet port (4a)    Shroud ring (5)    Seal ring (6)    Cover (7)    Upstream and downstream sides of impeller (13,14)    Fluid passage (15)    Downstream portion of fluid passage (15b)
NOVELTY - A clamp metal fitting (6a) is fixed by a nail (4a) that passes through and fixes the bottom (3) of a clay roofing tile (1), and restrains the floating up of the solar-cell unit (5) positioned in the bottom side of the clay roofing tile.    USE - For attaching clay roofing tile which integrated solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesive agent or caulking material is not needed for assembling solar-cell unit to a tile. Prevents falling of solar cell due to strong wind.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Another clamp metal fitting is fixed by another nail that passes through and fixes the bottom of the tile in a water bottom, and restrains the floating up of the solar-cell unit positioned in the head (2) of the clay roofing tile.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a principal-part sectional view showing the attachment structure of tile which integrated solar cell.    Clay roofing tile (1)    Head (2)    Bottom (3)    Nail (4a)    Solar-cell unit (5)    Clamp metal fitting (6a)
NOVELTY - Rectangular-shaped solar cells (51) are arranged in rows, and the terminal box (71) for conducting electric current from the solar cells are arranged on non-electricity generation area of light receiving surface. A bending portion (30a) formed at one end of the box, is fixed to side portion of the wiring duct (30).    USE - For providing electric power supply for residence.    ADVANTAGE - The defect in solar cell module and deformation due to raise in temperature, are prevented. The installation of solar cell module and power cable is performed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Wiring duct (30)    Bending portion (30a)    Solar cells (51)    Terminal box (70)
NOVELTY - The sensor consists of a black substrate (1) on which a semiconductor chip (2) with a photoreceiver (3) is mounted and sealed by a transparent resin (4), so as to absorb all indirectly radiated light rays of a light source (5).    USE - Optical semiconductor sensor used for light intensity detection.    ADVANTAGE - As the output of the sensor corresponds only to the directly radiated light of the light source without an influence of indirectly radiated light, an accurate detection of light intensity is realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural view of the optical-semiconductor sensor.    Black substrate (1)    Semiconductor chip (2)    Photoreceiver (3)    Transparent resin (4)    Light source (5)
NOVELTY - A laser beam (LB) is irradiated into an isolation area between optoelectric transducers (5), to form separating grooves (21a,21b) for isolating back electrodes (4) of each transducer. The back electrodes in the grooves are removed by chemical etching process.    USE - For manufacturing integrated photovoltaic device.    ADVANTAGE - Isolation of back electrodes of each adjacent optoelectric transducer, is reliably performed. Yield and output characteristics are improved. Also the back electrodes in the grooves are removed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the manufacturing process of integrated photovoltaic device.    Back electrodes (4)    Optoelectric transducers (5)    Separating grooves (21a,21b)    Laser beam (LB)
NOVELTY - A panel arranged on a roof collects solar heat energy and transmits heat energy to a heat collection unit (10) through heat medium. A heat medium flow path (7) which circulates the heat medium from the panel to the heat collection unit, is formed on the ridge side of the panel.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction of light receiving area even when the panel surface is covered with snow, hence power generation is performed smoothly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of heat medium flow path.    Heat medium flow path(10) Heat collection unit (7)
NOVELTY - Panels (12a,12b) equipped with solar cells are installed towards different directions, in a solar cell assembly.    USE - For generating electric power, for use in clock stand, sign posts and for illuminating display posters.    ADVANTAGE - The enlargement of space for installation of the solar cells assembly is suppressed because the panels installed with solar cells are oriented towards different directions. Electricity generation capability of the solar cell assembly is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a pillar installed with a display poster and a solar cell assembly. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Panels (12a,12b)
NOVELTY - A glass substrate is cut into a predefined shape and etched. The etched gas substrate is lapped and polished. Surface roughness of the end faces of the substrate are of specific value. The residues on the glass surface are eliminated and chipping of the glass is prevented.    USE - For electronic optical parts.    ADVANTAGE - The degradation in radiation characteristics and processing defects, which occur in the processing and washing stage of glass, is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the glass.
NOVELTY - The optical signal elements and an optical signal transmission window are arranged two-dimensionally on a substrate. The optical signal elements are arranged in the concave shape, such that the optical axes of all the elements intersect at a particular point near the window and in front of the substrate.    USE - For optical communication.    ADVANTAGE - The influence of diffused external light is reduced by reducing the area of the window.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the optical communication equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The lead frames (1,2 and 3,4) on light emitting element and photodetector branch from header portions (1c,3c) and forward end portions (2c,4c) into outer and inner lead frames (1a,2a and 3a,4a, 1b,2b and 3b,4b). The outer and inner lead frames are formed at pitches of 1 inch and 0.5 inch respectively.    USE - Photocoupling semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - As the outer and inner lead frames are formed at different pitches, the semiconductor device is applicable to several interterminal pitches.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an internal view of photocoupling semiconductor device.    Lead frames on light emitting element (1,2)    Outer lead frames (1a-4a)    Inner lead frames (1b-4b)    Header portions (1c,3c)    Front end portions (2c,4c)    Lead frames on photodetector (3,4)
NOVELTY - A laser displacement gauge (13) measures the thickness of solar cell and cover glass held on suction surface of die (4). A head (17) coats surface of cell or cover glass with adhesive corresponding to the measured thickness. Pins are provided for positioning solar cells and cover glasses at specified interval when dispersed oppositely and the cell and glass are bonded by a heater (25).    USE - For providing solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents adhesives from projecting or being unfilled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the solar cell panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Die (4)    Laser displacement gauge (13)    Head (17)    Heater (25)
NOVELTY - Spherical photodetectors (CEL1) are arranged in two parallel layers, in matrix form and with gap (GAP) formed between two layers. The N-type layers and P-type layers on each photodetectors are respectively connected by the electrodes (TMLn,TMLp).    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Absorbs sunlight from a wider angle than that of a flat plate type receiver, hence improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the light receiver. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Photodetectors (CEL1)    Gap (GAP)    Electrodes (TMLn,TMLp)
NOVELTY - The electronic component has internal and external electrodes at respective surfaces of an insulation substrate. A hole provided at the insulation substrate enables connection between both the electrodes. The internal electrode contains conductive particles of diameter smaller than the conductive particle in the external electrode.    USE - Electronic component having surface electrodes for connecting with solar cell and other exciting sources.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the characteristics and reliability of electronic component using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the electronic component.
NOVELTY - A white board reinforced glass (3) and back cover (10) are arranged respectively on the light reception surface and the reverse side of the flat solar cell (1). Fillers (4,5) are packed between the white board reinforced glass and the back cover. The back cover has an opening (11) to draw the lead wire (6) externally. A mat (7) covers the back cover opening.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The fireproof performance of the solar cell module is high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module.    Flat solar cell (1)    White board reinforced glass (3)    Fillers (4,5)    Lead wire (6)    Mat (7)    Back cover opening (11)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode layer (2) is laminated over the main surface of a transparent insulation substrate (1). A semiconductor photoelectronic conversion layer (3), a reverse side electrode layer (4) are formed on the electrode layer (2) to constitute a battery cell (5). The battery cell is sealed on the reverse side by a filler (6) and a dazzling prevention film (10) is formed on another main surface of the substrate. A protection coat (20) is formed on the side of the filler (6).    USE - Solar cell module manufacturing method.    ADVANTAGE - Easy manufacture of solar cell module is realized. Prevents generation of defect such as insulation failure due to intrusion of water from outside and the corrosion of the silicon layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module.    Transparent insulation substrate (1)    Transparent electrode layer (2)    Semiconductor photoelectronic conversion layer (3)    Reverse side electrode layer (4)    Battery cell (5)    Filler (6)    Dazzling prevention film (10)    Protection coat (20)
NOVELTY - A reduction gear (15) and a following gear (29) that are rotated by a motor (17) in a horizontal support (6), rotates the solar cell panel (11) supported on a shaft (13), so that the panel is always oriented towards the sun. The shaft is attached at its ends to the support which is inturn supported on a base (1) by a post (2).    USE - Solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The solar energy is utilized efficiently for optimum power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional front elevation of the solar power generation system.    Base (1)    Post (2)    Horizontal support (6)    Solar cell panel (11)    Shaft (13)    Reduction gear (15)    Motor (17)    Following gear (29)
NOVELTY - The side surface of the substrate (11) having a tapered edge widening towards its upper side, includes several metallized projections. A positioning marker is formed near projections to mount optical component.    USE - For mounting optical component.    ADVANTAGE - Enables precise mounting of optical component and fiber on the same substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the substrate.    Substrate (11)
NOVELTY - A gap (5) is formed between anode and cathode patterns (2,3) of the light receiving device mounted in a ceramic chip carrier (1).    USE - Semiconductor light receiving device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces parasitic capacitance, effectively by gap formation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the chip carrier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Ceramic chip carrier (1)    Anode and cathode patterns (2,3)    Gap (5)
NOVELTY - Each blade root has key that slides into keyway of next blade root when 2 blades are brought together. Process is repeated with each blade until turbine is complete. As clamping plate is tightened up, action of keyways and keys in blade roots, tapered pins on hub and tapered recess on blade roots, and annular raised ring on clamping plate and annular recess (9) on blade roots combine to align blades and to lock turbine assembly rigidly together.    USE - For turbine capable of both wind and water generation.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a quick, simple and secure way of assembling and disassembling the turbine for transport or storage, and/or replacement of damaged blades without the use of tools.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In order to prevent clamping plate from unscrewing due to vibration, clamping plate has two spring ball plungers. These bear on indentations (11) arranged annularly on rear face of blade roots, and prevent vibration from loosening clamping plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of the rear of a turbine assembly, consisting of five blade roots.    Annular recess (9)    Indentations (11)
NOVELTY - The frames (4) have at their shanks, near the lower edge (4a), outwards pointing holding strap (6), engaged by holding shsanks (8a,b) of a holdign plate (7) secured on an understructure. Starting from a middle anchorage, or fastening point (10), each holding plate has two oppositely pointing holding shanks for simultaneously engaging of two adjacent frames, with one holding shank (8b) located from the middle to outer free end obliquely upwards, while the holding strap tapers obliquely downwards. The holding shank grips over the holding strap.    USE - For inclined holding structure of solar current generator.    ADVANTAGE - Simple assembly on inclined understructure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional presentation of invented solar current generator.    frames, (4)    lower edge, (4a)    holding strap, (6)    holding shanks, (8a,b)    holding plate, (7)    fastening point (10)
NOVELTY - The solar collectors (10,11) are supported on the roof by assembly rails (12,13) with U-shaped cross-section. The U-shanks (12.1,2) are inwards bent at their face ends. Into the open side of the rails are insertable L-shaped clamps. The clamps can be fastened over the edge (10.2,11.2) of the collectors to secure them to the assembly rails. The clamps have, at their end insertable into the rails, lateral grooves engaged by inwards bent ends of the U-shanks of the assembly rails.    USE - For rapid and easy fitting of solar collectors on roofs.    ADVANTAGE - No need for assembly tools.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of two assembly rails and two collectors.    solar collectors, (10,11)    assembly rails, (12,13)    collector edge, (10.2,11.2)    rail U-shanks (12.1,2)
NOVELTY - The solar energy collector is in the form of an aluminium space frame (14) with glass panels(30) set into the surfaces so as to transmit light into a building. Located into the space behind the panels are solar cells that are mounted such that their inclination can be changed to follow the sun. Water is warmed by the cells which in turn are cooled.    USE - Provides electrical power, water heating and transmits light    ADVANTAGE - Effective recovery of energy    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - General view of panel    Frame (14)    Glass panel (30)
NOVELTY - The solar panel includes an array of photoelectric cells (CE). These are connected in series loops, with the loops being connected in parallel. The configuration is such as to keep positive and negative output terminals as far apart as possible, minimising the risk of arcing.    USE - Solar panel to use on space satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Has reduced risk of arcing between output terminals, without increasing production cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar panel includes an array of photoelectric cells (CE) arranged side by side in a grid. The cells are electrically connected in several loops (SE1, SE2) each comprising cells connected in series, forming cell segments in parallel. Two successive segments (SG) in a loop are electrically connected by their ends. The loops are interlaced, so that two contiguous segments of the panel belong to different loops, with the direction of current being reversed in each adjacent segment. The positive and negative terminals are distributed along the edges of the panels, as far from each other as possible, to minimise the risk of an electric arc occurring between the terminals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the array of cells with segments of cells interconnected.    cells (CE)    loops (SE1, SE2)    segments (SG)
NOVELTY - An unitary revolution structure rotatable in response to the impinging wind, includes air-foil assembly at one end and electromagnetic-generator rotor of power generating assembly at other end. The air-foil assembly and the rotor are operatively joined without an interconnecting shaft, to generate electric power in response to rotation produced by the air-foil assembly.    USE - For converting fluid flow power such as wind power and water power to electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Since the air foil assembly and rotor are joined operatively, the need for power transfer structure is eliminated, the efficiency and energy transfer are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Fluid-flow power to electrical power conversion system;    (2) Direct-drive system;    (3) Electrical power generation system;    (4) Electrical power generator;    (5) Mechanical power conversion method;    (6) Cup-shaped apparatus;    (7) Power transduction system;    (8) Fluid flow power to electrical power conversion method;    (9) Fluid flow power to electrical power conversion apparatus; and    (10) Mechanical power delivering apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the perspective views of the support structure and wind turbine system.
NOVELTY - A collector (10) collects the heat energy of solar heat, for heating the heat medium flowing in the flow path (7). The heat medium from the flow path (7) is supplied to the circulation path which circulates heat medium between the heater (27) and the panel (P).    USE - Solar power generation device.    ADVANTAGE - Since reduction of light receiving area is prevented, the power generation process is performed efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of heat medium flow path. (Drawing includes Non-English language text).    Flow path (7)    Collector (10)    Heater (27)    Panel (P)
NOVELTY - A ventilator (106) surrounding a heat sink (104) on the non-light receiving surface is connected with an aperture (105) provided at the light receiving surface of a photovoltaic cell (102).    USE - For public facility, residence, electricity generation plant, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The aperture diverts the flow of air on the light receiving surface towards the heat sink. Thereby, efficient cooling of the solar cell is provided and stable electric power can be obtained. Since air blowers such as fan are not used, cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a typical structure of the solar cell module.    Photovoltaic cell (102)    Heat sink (104)    Aperture (105)    Ventilator (106)
NOVELTY - A light irradiation unit (14) that irradiates light signal to a light receiving element is integrated with the operation buttons (13a-13g) on the console panel (12).    USE - Remote controller for electronic device such as television, video device, stereo device and air conditioner.    ADVANTAGE - As the irradiation unit is integrated with the console panel, installation space of the console panel is reduced and increase in operativity of the button is realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top elevational view of the remote controller. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Console panel (12)    Operation buttons (13a-13g)    Light irradiation unit (14)
NOVELTY - The protective layers (6,10) are laminated on either side of an electric lead (12) which electrically connects the solar cell. The edge (40) of the electric lead, is drawn out and fixed on the outer surface of the protective layer using insulation and adhesive patches (41,42).    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Reliability of insulation is improved by the arrangement of the lead. Connection of a cable with the electric lead is performed simply and easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar cell module.    Protective layers (6,10)    Electric lead (12)    Edge (40)    Insulation and adhesive patches (41,42)
NOVELTY - The physical training machines (12,21) are connected to a server (13) containing different types of exercise programs such as physical fitness measurement program, through a private network (11) and Internet (22), respectively. The server selects an exercise program, according to a request received from a user and provides it to the machines.    USE - For operating physical training machine e.g. bicycle-type ergometer used in health promotion facility such as sports club, in home, medical organization and operation business entity's facility.    ADVANTAGE - Since any exercise program stored in the server is supplied to the training machine in response to a user's request, up-to-date programs making use of results of medical science, exercise physiology or other sciences is presented inexpensively and specifically for individual.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for physical training machine operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a network configuration of the training machine operation system.    Private network (11)    Physical training machines (12,21)    Server (13)    Internet (22)
NOVELTY - The hand held physical exercise machine has a rotary spindle (12) on which are mounted a pair of hand grips (14,15). The grips may be turned against a force and a mass (22). Detectors provide inputs to a counter (3) that logs the number of cycles performed,.    USE - Physical exercise    ADVANTAGE - simple and compact    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - General view    Spindle (12)    Hand grips (14,15)    mass (22)    Counter (3)
NOVELTY - Turbines (220,240) are provided adjacently and rotated in opposite directions, so as to cancel out the rotational counter-torque generated by the individual turbines.    USE - For adjustable deployment in water.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to stabilize the flow of water without using complex anchoring mechanism, thereby the turbine unit is easily oriented to obtain optimum water flow. The turbine unit is economical to build and operate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of dual turbine unit.    Turbines (220,240)
NOVELTY - A handle (101) has a vertical rod (102) whose lower end is provided with a transmitting rod to move with handle. A control case (1) in lower end of handle has a sensor and a shade plate which controls lights emitted by electronic elements of two circuit boards. The movement of handle controls the shade plate and sensor to send different signals to a computer program for controlling images of rider on bike moving directions.    USE - Turning control device for virtual stationary bike.    ADVANTAGE - The rider can utilize the movement of the handle to change the image of him and the bike running on a road on the video monitor, so that the rider feels as if he was riding a real bike on a road and the pleasure of the exercise is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the virtual stationary bike.    Control case (1)    Handle (101)    Vertical rod (102)
NOVELTY - A user transmits user-specific data such as user's previous-current health, medical fitness, nutrition conditions and habits, to central controller which processes the user specific data to detect the level of risk associated with user's health problem. The controller outputs a statement of the user to begin nutrition program such as meal plan or to obtain health care advice before starting nutrition program, based on the risk level.    USE - Data processing apparatus for fitness triage system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables user to access reliable health information through internet, thus enhancing safe and effective physical activity and nutritional adherence for the user. The health information are obtained easily through internet for less amount of fee than contacting a physician at non-determined fee.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method to determine whether user can begin nutrition program.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the data input and analysis stages of the fitness triage system process performed in the data processing apparatus.
NOVELTY - Biometric characteristic such as fingerprint, eye retina or facial pattern of a potential user, is detected by a sensor (3) of a fitness device (1), based on which the user is identified. The user's identity is compared with an information in a reservation system database (11) which includes desired date and time of use of the device, to determine whether or not to allow the user access the fitness device.    USE - For controlling the use of physical fitness device such as stationary bicycle, tread mill, stair stepper, weight resistance machine etc., using biometric data such as fingerprint, eye retina or facial pattern of user.    ADVANTAGE - Combines scheduling and access control for individual exercise equipment, thereby allowing physical fitness facility to effectively co-ordinate individual exercise machines, and to preclude unauthorized users from initiating use of the fitness equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for physical fitness device usage control apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a general layout of the physical fitness device usage control system.    Fitness device (1)    Sensor (3)    Reservation system database (11)
NOVELTY - A method for fabricating a fine crystalline silicon thin film is provided to crystallize the silicon thin film when the silicon thin film starts to grow, by forming a seed layer without an additional crystallization process like a repeated process or annealing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The seed layer(3) composed of metal or metal oxide is formed on a substrate(1) before the fine crystalline silicon thin film(4) is deposited, so that the fine crystalline silicon thin film is crystallized as soon as the fine crystalline silicon thin film is deposited. A transparent conductive layer(2) or amorphous silicon layer(5) is formed on the substrate before the seed layer is formed.
NOVELTY - A complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor is provided to minimize the area necessary for an isolation region by forming an isolation layer while using a channel ion implantation process, and to improve a characteristic of the image sensor by exhausting excess charges while using a lateral over flow drain(LOFD) structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photodiode(36) converts an image signal regarding light into an electrical image signal. An LOFD transistor(38) laterally exhausts the excess charges generated from the photodiode, wherein one electrode of the LOFD transistor is connected to the photodiode. A transfer signal(TX) is applied to the gate of a transfer transistor(35), wherein one electrode of the transfer transistor is connected to the photodiode and the other electrode of the transfer transistor is connected to a floating node(32). A reset signal(RX) is applied to the gate of a reset transistor(31), wherein one electrode is connected to the floating node and the other electrode of the reset transistor is connected to a reset drain region, so that the charges of the floating node are reset after signal charges are read.
NOVELTY - A method for fabricating a photoelectric device having a transparent ohmic contact is provided to form an ohmic contact wherein a contact resistance value is very low and transmissivity is increased by 75 percent, by including a transparent indium-tin-oxide(ITO) layer or Co/ITO layer on a gallium nitride layer formed a specific substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gallium nitride layer is formed on the substrate. A pretreatment process is performed to clean the surface of the gallium nitride layer. The ITO layer is deposited on the pretreated gallium nitride layer. A heat treatment process is performed regarding the substrate having the ITO layer to form an ohmic contact between the gallium nitride layer and the ITO layer.
NOVELTY - A CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor is provided to improve sensitivity and remove noise by forming a charge amplification circuit between an access transistor and a CDS.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A charge amplification circuit is formed with the first input gate(21), the second input gate(22), the third input gate(23). An Nin region(20) is formed in one side of the first input gate(21). The Nin region(20) is used as an input region of the charge amplification circuit. The first input gate(21) is connected with an output terminal of a pixel circuit. A floating diffusion region(24) and the second reset gate(25) are formed in one side of the third input gate(23). The floating diffusion region(24) is connected with a CDS(300). The second reset gate(25) is connected with a VDD terminal.
NOVELTY - A thin film photocell using a tunneling junction on an interface of an indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/n-type semiconductor layer is provided to increase conductivity, by applying cadmium to a portion between ITO as a front electrode and CdS as an n-type semiconductor layer and by performing an annealing process to form an n+ region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The front electrode(13) having high light transmissivity is formed on a glass substrate(11). The n+ region(14) for an electrical conductive tunneling contact between the front electrode and the n-type semiconductor layer(15) is formed. The n-type semiconductor layer of which the band gap energy is broad functions as a light transmitting layer, in contact with the n+ region. A p-type semiconductor layer(17) forms the n-type semiconductor layer and a p/n junction, functioning as a light absorbing layer. A rear electrode(19) is in ohmic contact with the p-type semiconductor layer.
NOVELTY - Several amorphous type solar cells with equal rated output are distributed radially, with same elevation angle with respect to the center of each cell. The output of each cell is connected in parallel manner.    USE - For solar power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates adherence of dust on the module surface, thereby maintenance is made unnecessary. Operativity at the time of installation is improved sharply, since the adjustment of bearing of solar cell module is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar cell module manufacturing method; and    (2) Solar power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solar power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Several solar cell modules (10) are connected in parallel by connecting plug (41) of one solar cell module with socket (42) of adjacent module so that output lead wires (51,53) of the plug are joined with corresponding output lead wires (52,54) of socket.    USE - For solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Since parallel connection of solar cell modules is carried out using plugs and sockets, the number of connectors is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram of a solar power generation system.    Solar cell module (10)    Plug (41)    Socket (42)    Lead wires (51,53)
NOVELTY - An attachment plate (18a) attaches a terminal box (17) to the module case and is larger than the base of the terminal box.    USE - For installation on building (claimed), tent, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the breakage of the attachment plate and the movement of the terminal box along with the tent material as the attachment plate larger than the base of the terminal box is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar cell module installation method; and    (2) Building.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top and sectional views of solar cell module with attachment plate.    Terminal box (17)    Attachment plate (18a)
NOVELTY - A controller controls the swinging pattern of a seat on which a person is seated, based on the pattern instructed by an operating unit. An arithmetic section calculates the training time based on the swinging strength of the seat.    USE - Exercise equipment for providing horse riding exercise.    ADVANTAGE - Strengthens the muscular group near waist and hip. Provides desired swinging for appropriate time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the exercise equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The holder comprises a first support member (2) and a second support member (3). The support members include oblong parts (4,5) and (7,8), that are connected to each other by receptacle means (6) and (9) respectively. The receptacle means receive shoring means (12) in the form of a slab of concrete. The first support member is equipped with attaching means (13,14), and the second support member is equipped with protruding means (15,16).    USE - The holder is suitable for use on an underground such as a flat roof. It is also suitable for use with photovoltaic panels of different sizes.    ADVANTAGE - The holder is easily movable. The mounting, installing and maintenance of the panel require little work-time. The panel can be provided at different angles. The holder offers a large stiffness of structure and it is also highly resistant to pressure of air flowing towards it and to down forces exerted by an attached photovoltaic panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing depicts a perspective view from the left of the holder in which shoring means have been received and to which a photovoltaic panel has been attached.    First support member (2)    Second support member (2)    , (7,8) Oblong parts (4,5)    Receptacle means (6,9)    Shoring means (12)    Attaching means (13,14)    Protruding means (15,16)
NOVELTY - Detectors on the exercise bicycle provide signals to a microprocessor which runs a game driven by the sensor outputs. Slopes can be simulated by applying a brake using air accumulated from a pump driven by the user pedaling the bicycle. A joystick or keyboard may be provided to allow the user to run game software on the microprocessor or a game from the Internet while exercising.    USE - Playing an electronic game wile exercising.    ADVANTAGE - Provides greater interest and thus an incentive to use the exercise bicycle.
NOVELTY - A low dislocation buffer (16) is formed between a substrate (10) and a nitride semiconductor, as a device material. A layer (16a) is laminated for preset number of times alternately with a layer (16b) containing no impurities, on the substrate to form a super lattice structure. The layer (16a) comprises a nitride semiconductor containing an impurity at a concentration exceeding its doping level.    USE - For devices (claimed) such as light-emitting devices, light-receiving devices and electron devices.    ADVANTAGE - The low dislocation buffer is formed effectively by a simple process within a short time, without producing cracks.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A low dislocation buffer is formed between a substrate (10) and a nitride semiconductor, as a device material formed for constituting a device structure on the substrate. A layer (16a) is laminated for preset number of times alternately with a layer (16b), containing no impurities on the substrate to form a super lattice structure. The layer (16a) comprises a nitride semiconductor containing an impurity at a concentration exceeding its doping level.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) process for producing low dislocation buffer; and    (2) a device provided with low dislocation buffer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of structure of low dislocation buffer.    Substrate (10)    Low dislocation buffer (16)    Nitride semiconductor layer containing impurities at high concentration (16a)    Nitride semiconductor layer containing no impurity (16b)
NOVELTY - A measuring device measures weight of user when the user is positioned on weight surface of weight scale sensor (11). An electronic circuit stores the measured weight and controls the resetting of sensing device. A programmable controller calculates calories lost by the user based on the weight data stored in the electronic circuit.    USE - Exercise apparatus e.g. treadmill exercise device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The weight control progress of user is periodically correlated with regular workout activities by measuring the weight of user on treadmill exercise device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for Treadmill exercise device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of treadmill with a weight scale sensor.    Weight scale sensor (11)
NOVELTY - The stationary bicycle has base (10) mounted on a supporting surface and an upstanding support (12) to which an exercise mechanism is coupled, to support the user. A flexible coupler (13) movably couples the upstanding support to the base and allowing lateral movement of upstanding support when base is in stable condition.    USE - For use as exercise machine.    ADVANTAGE - The exercise machine allows for more natural exercise experience by enhancing available natural bicycle sidewise movements on the stationary structure, and is responsive to the extra workout efforts of an exerciser such as sidewise movements by providing lateral motion of upstanding support structure. The exercise system is also adjustable to accommodate for various operator attributes such as height and weight.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of stationary bicycle.    Base (10)    Upstanding support (12)    Flexible coupler (13)
NOVELTY - A computer controls movement of fluid within a fluid circuit (20). During active mode of operation, a constant cycling of fluid is realized at minimum force levels. In passive mode, push and pull of the exercise bar provides corresponding resistance and a solenoid valve (10) is opened so that fluid is forced from rod end (7) to cap end of a fluid cylinder (1) through a check valve (3 or 4) that keeps residual pressure to minimum.    USE - For use in physical therapy and rehabilitation applications e.g. for muscle loss or injury.    ADVANTAGE - The check valves compensate for the differential areas of the fluid cylinder, thus simplifying the hardware arrangement. Allows real-time monitoring of progress, downloading of personalized settings, the compiling of information about progress, changes, effects, etc., by the computerized framework.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fluid circuit of the exercise device during passive mode operation.    Fluid cylinder (1)    Check valves (3,4)    Rod end (7)    Solenoid valve (10)    Fluid circuit (20)
NOVELTY - A switching mechanism (106) initiates operation of a game device (100), when an exercise equipment (102) is in use. A control circuit (112) maintains operation as long as the game device and exercise equipment are used simultaneously.    USE - Combination system includes exercise equipment such as stationary bicycle, treadmills, stair climbers and game device such as gambling device, slot machine.    ADVANTAGE - Offers entertainment for the individuals using exercise equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Control circuit;    (2) Method for operating combination system; and    (3) Method for manufacturing combination system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exercise bicycle with game device.    Game device (100)    Exercise equipment (102)    Switching mechanism (106)    Control circuit (112)
NOVELTY - Self-powered sunroof assembly has a movable window, a motor (24) to control movement of the window, a self-contained power supply unit that supplies power to the motor and including at least one auxiliary battery and at least one solar cell array that charges the auxiliary battery, and a monitor (30) that detects and displays activity of the solar cell array and the auxiliary battery.    USE - The self-powered sunroof assembly is used in vehicles roof. It can be used in spoiler sunroofs, slide-tilt sunroofs, or other types of sunroofs.    ADVANTAGE - The invention requires minimal coordination between automotive manufacturer and supplier and minimal reliance on the vehicle's systems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a top view of a self-powered sunroof assembly.    Motor (24)    Auxiliary battery (26)    Solar cell array (28)    Monitor (30)
NOVELTY - The electrodes (12',13') of solar cells (10,11) are connected to a metallic interconnect such as copper or silver strip (14'), through metal based material containing silver-silicone pastes (15',16') having 85% silver, 14% silicone and 1% solvent and aminopropyltriethoxy silicone.    USE - For space applications e.g. RAPTOR path finder solar electric air plane.    ADVANTAGE - The interconnects do not show any degradation under high current testing, while having a very low contact resistance value. Eliminates the solar cell breakage and undesired residue on the active surface of the solar cell. Eliminates the heating of the solar cells due to interconnect formation and thus the thermal and mechanical stress are eliminated and also allows flexibility after curing. Provides the solar array module that is light weight, flexible and hermetically sealed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of solar cell electrodes interconnection method.    Solar cells (10,11)    Electrodes (12',13')    Metallic interconnect (14')    Silver-silicone pastes (15',16')