US6742588-B2  Reaction Kinetics Between Steam and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Oct. 1978 (8 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics and Diagnostics For Oil Shale Retorting, Alan K. Burnham, Oct. 19, 1981 (32 pages).;  Recent Experimental Developments in Retorting Oil Shale at the Lawrence Laboratory, Albert J. Rothman, Aug. 1978 (32 pages).;  Results From the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 pages).;  Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12 pages).;  Results of the Centralia Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, Hill et al., Aug. 1984 (18 pages).;  Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification-A Leading Contender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages).;  Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Cena et al., Aug. 14, 1987 (11 pages).;  Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Robert J. Cena, Aug. 14, 1987, (11 pages).;  Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis of Oil Shale, J.H. Richardson, & E.B. Huss, Oct. 1981 (27 pages).;  Further Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Sep. 1987, (16 pages).;  General Kinetic Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Dec. 1984, (25 pages).;  General Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Nov. 1983 (22 pages).;  &lt;13&gt;C NMR Studies of Shale Oil, Raymond L. Ward & Alan K. Burnham, Aug. 1982 (22 pages).;  A Laboratory Apparatus for Controlled Time/Temperature Retorting of Oil Shale, Stout et al., Nov. 1, 1976 (19 pages).;  A Laboratory Study of Green River Oil Shale Retorting Under Pressure In a Nitrogen Atmosphere, Wise et al., Sep. 1976 (24 pages).;  A One-Dimensional Model for In Situ Coal Gasification, Thorsness et al., Aug. 25, 1978 (76 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism Of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil Shale Retorting, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Ward, Nov. 26, 1980 (20 pages).;  An Evaluation of Triple Quadrupole MS/MS for On-Line Gas Analyses of Trace Sulfur Compounds from Oil Shale Processing, Wong et al., Jan. 1985 (30 pages).;  An Instrumentation Proposal for Retorts in the Demonstration Phase of Oil Shale Development, Clyde J. Sisemore, Apr. 19, 1977, (34 pages).;  Analysis of Multiple Gas-Solid Reactions During the Gasification of Char in Oil Shale Blocks, Braun et al., Apr. 1981 (14 pages).;  Analysis of Oil Shale and Petroleum Source Rock Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Comparisons of Gas Evolution at the Heating Rate of 10 C/Min., Reynolds et al. Oct. 5, 1990 (57 pages).;  Appalachian Coals: Potential Reservoirs for Sequestering Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Power Plants While Enhancing CBM Production; C.W. Byer, et al., Proceedings of the International Coalbed Methane Symposium.;  Application of Self-Adaptive Detector System on a Triple Quadrupole MS/MS to High Explosives and Sulfur-Containing Pyrolysis Gases from Oil Shale, Carla M. Wong & Richard W. Crawford, Oct. 1983 (17 pages).;  Assay Products from Green River Oil Shale, Singleton et al., Feb. 18, 1986 (213 pages).;  Assessment of the CRIP Process for Underground Coal Gasification: The Rocky Mountain I Test, Cena et al., Aug. 1, 1988 (22 pages).;  Biomarkers in Oil Shale: Occurrence and Applications, Singleton et al., Oct. 1982 (28 pages).;  Burn Cavity Growth During the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, R.W. Hill, Jun. 8, 1981 (28 pages).;  Catalytic Activity of Oxidized (Combusted) Oil Shale for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia as a Reductant in Combustion Gas Streams, Part II, Reynolds et al., Jan. 4, 1993 (9 pages).;  Chemical Kinetics and Oil Shale Process Design, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 1993 (16 pages).;  Coal Block Gasification Experiments: Laboratory Results and Field Plans: C.B. Thorsness & R.W. Hill, Jul. 1981 (23 pages).;  Coal Pyrolysis and Methane Decomposition In the Presence of a Hot Char Bed, Peters et al., Aug. 1983, (21 pages).;  Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Mar. 23, 1987, (29 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, B.C. Trent & R.T. Langland, Aug. 1981 (40 pages).;  Retorting and Combustion Processes In Surface Oil-Shale Retorts, A.E. Lewis & R.L. Braun, May 2, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages).;  Review of Underground Coal Gasification Field Experiments at Hoe Creek (34 pages).;  Rogers, Rudy E. "Coalbed Methane: Principles and Practice" Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1994, pp. 164-165.;  SO2 Emissions from the Oxidation of Retorted Oil Shale, Taylor et al., Nov. 1981 (9 pages).;  Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al., Nov. 1983, (27 pages).;  Some Relationships of Thermal Effects to Rubble-Bed Structure and Gas-Flow Patterns in Oil Shale Retorts, W. A. Sandholtz, Mar. 1980 (19 pages).;  Source and Kinetics of Sulfur Species in Oil Shale Pyrolysis Gas by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, Wong et al., Oct. 1983 (14 pages).;  Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages).;  Study of Gas Evolution During Oil Shale Pyrolysis by TQMS, Oh et al., Feb. 1988 (10 pages).;  Technical Underground Coal Gasification Summation: 1982 Status, Stephens et al., Jul. 1982 (22 pages).;  Tests of a Mechanism for H2 S Release During Coal Pyrolysis, Coburn et al., May 31, 1991, (6 pages).;  The Centralia Partial Seam CRIP Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Cena et al., Jun. 1984 (38 pages).;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oil, Glen L. Cook, et al., 1968 (12 pages).;  The Controlled Retracting Injection Point (Crip) System: A Modified Stream Method for In Site Coal Gasification, R.W. Hill & M.J. Shannon, Apr. 15, 1981 (11 pages).;  The Historical Development of Underground Coal Gasification, D. Olness & D.W. Gregg, Jun. 30, 1977 (60 pages).;  The Hoe Creek Experiements: LLNL's Underground Coal Gasification Project in Wyoming, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 1981 (162 pages).;  The Hoe Creek II Field Experiment of Underground Coal Gasification, Preliminary Results, Aiman et al., Feb. 27, 1978 (26 pages).;  The Lawrence Livermor Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts, Sandholtz et al. Sep. 18, 1978 (30 pages).;  The Permittivity and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Shale, A.J. Piwinskii & A. Duba, Apr. 28, 1975 (12 pages).;  The Pros and Cons of Carbon Dioxide Dumping Global Warming Concerns Have Stimulated a Search for Carbon Sequestration Technologies; C. Hanisch, Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, Easton, PA.;  The Use of Tracers in Laboratory and Field Tests of Underground Coal Gasification and Oil Shale Retorting, Lyczkowski et al., Jun. 16, 1978 (19 pages).;  Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150 to 350 C Rate of Production Formation, J.J. Cummins & W.E. Robinson, 1972 (18 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Steam, Stephens et al., Jan. 19, 1984 (37 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, R.T. Langland & B.C. Trent, Jul. 1981 (16 pages).;  Control Aspects of Underground Coal Gasification: LLL Investigations of Ground-Water and Subsidence Effects, Mead et al., Nov. 10, 1978 (21 pages).;  Conversion characteristics of selected Canadian coals based on hydrogenation and pyrolysis experiments, W. Kalkreuth, C. Roy, and M. Steller. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 89-8, 1989, pp. 108-114, XP001014535.;  Coproduction of Oil and Electric Power from Colorado Oil Shale, P. Henrik Wallman, Sep. 24, 1991 (20 pages).;  Enthalpy Relations For Eastern Oil Shale, David W. Camp, Nov. 1987 (13 pages).;  Environmental Controls for Underground Coal Gasification: Ground-Water Effects and Control Technologies, Warren Mead & Ellen Raber, Mar. 14, 1980 (19 pages).;  Evolution of Sulfur Gases During Coal Pyrolysis, Oh et al., Feb. 3, 1988, (11 pages).;  Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages).;  Geotechnical Instrumentation Applied to In Situ Coal Gasification Induced Subsidence, Ganow et al. Jun. 21, 1978 (16 pages).;  Ground-Water and Subsidence Investigations of the LLL In Situ Coal Gasification Experiments, Mead et al, Jul. 17-20, 1978 (31 pages).;  High-BTU Gas Via In Situ Coal Gasification, Stephens et al., Oct., 1978 (41 pages).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Colorado Oil Shale, Alan K. Burnham & Mary F. Singleton, Oct. 1982 (23 pages).;  Hobson, G.D., Modern Petroleum Technology, Halsted Press, Applied Science Publishers LTD. 1973, pp. 786, 787.;  Hyne, Norman J. Geology for Petroleum Exploration, Drilling, and Production. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984, p. 264.;  Identification by &lt;13&gt;C NMR of Carbon Types in Shale Oil and their Relationship to Pyrolysis Conditions, Raymond L. Ward & Alan K. Burnham, Sep. 1983 (27 pages).;  In Situ Measurement of Some Thermoporoelastic Parameters of a Granite, Berchenko et al., Poromechanics, A Tribute to Maurice Biot, 1998, p. 545-550.;  Kinetic Analysis of California Oil Shale By Programmed Temperature Microphyrolysis, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 9, 1991 (14 pages).;  Kinetic Studies of Gas Evolution During Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal, J. H. Campbell et al., May 11, 1976, (14 pages).;  LLL In-Situ Coal Gasification Program, Stephens et al., Jun., 14, 1976 (12 pages).;  Laboratory Measurements of Groundwater Leaching and Transport of Pollutants Produced During Underground Coal Gasification, V.A. Dalton & J.H. Campbell, Mar. 1, 1978 (21 pages).;  Laboratory Scale Simulation of Underground Coal Gasification: Experiment and Theory, J.R. Creighton & (27 pages).;  Mathematical Modeling of Modified In Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting, Robert L. Braun, Jan. 1981 (45 pages).;  Mild Coal Gasification-Product Separation, Pilot-Unit Support, Twin Screw Heat Transfer, and H2S Evolution, Camp et al., Aug. 9, 1991 (12 pages).;  Nitric Oxide (NO) Reduction by Retorted Oil Shale, R.W. Taylor & C.J. Morris, Oct. 1983 (16 pages).;  Numerical Model of Coal Gasification in a Packed Bed, A.M. Winslow, Apr. 1976 (27 pages).;  Occurrence of Biomarkers in Green River Shale Oil, Singleton et al., Mar. 1983 (29 pages).;  Oil Degradation During Oil Shale Retorting, J.H. Raley & R.L. Braun, May 24, 1976 (14 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting Processes: A Technical Overview, Lewis et al., Mar. 1984 (18 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting: Part 3 A Correlation of Shale Oil 1-Alkene/n-Alkane Ratios With Yield, Coburn et al., Aug. 1, 1977 (18 pages).;  On-line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia From Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization, Crawford et al., Mar. 1988 (16 pages).;  Operating Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts In An In-Situ Mode, W. A. Sandholtz et al., Aug. 18, 1977 (16 pages).;  Pilot Test Demonstrates How Carbon Dioxide Enhances Coal Bed Methane Recovery, Lanny Schoeling and Michael McGovern, Petroleum Technology Digest, Sep. 2000, p. 14-15.;  Progress Report on Computer Model for In Situ Oil Shale Retorting, R.L. Braun & R.C.Y. Chin, Jul. 14, 1977 (34 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics and Maturation of Coals from the San Juan Basin, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 1992, (30 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics for Green River Oil Shale From the Saline Zone, Burnham et al., Feb., 1982 (33 pages).;  Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coals as it Relates to In-Situ Coal Gasification, J.H. Campbell, Jan. 17, 1977 (20 pages).;  Quantitative Analysis & Kinetics of Trace Sulfur Gas Species from Oil Shale Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (TQMS), Wong et al., Jul. 5-7, 1983 (34 pages).;  Quantitative Analysis and Evolution of Sulfur-Containing Gases from Oil Shale Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, Wong et al., Nov. 1983 (34 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO2 and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Mar. 22, 1978 (9 pages front & back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO2 and Oil Shale Residual Carbon. I. Effect of Heating Rate on Reactivity, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 11, 1978 (11 pages front and back).