TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The pressure and temperature of the selected section of the formation are controlled, where the pressure is controlled as a function of temperature, or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure. Heating a portion of coal formation involves heating a selected volume (V) of coal formation having average heat capacity (Cv), where heating pyrolyzes some coal within the selected volume of formation and heating energy/day provided to the volume is at most Pwr. Pwr is calculated by the equation, Pwr = hxVxCvxrhoB, where h is average heating rate of formation (less than 10degreesC/day) and rhoB is formation bulk density. Preferred Process: The coal formation is heated using at least two heaters, where superposition of heat from the two heaters pyrolyzes some coal within the selected section of formation. The heating of formation is controlled such that the mixture can be produced from the formation. The produced mixture comprises a partial pressure of hydrogen greater than about 0.5 bar. The partial pressure of hydrogen is measured, when the mixture is at a production well (825). The portion of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are separated from non-condensable hydrocarbons. The wellbore of the production well is heated to inhibit condensation of mixture within the wellbore. Preferred Composition: The mixture produced from the coal formation comprises condensable hydrocarbons having API gravity of 25degrees, and non-condensable hydrocarbons. The molar ratio of ethene to ethane in the non-condensable hydrocarbons, is 0.001-0.15. The non-condensable hydrocarbons contains (in weight%) olefins (0.1-15). The condensable hydrocarbons contains olefin (0.1-15), nitrogen (less than 1), oxygen (less than 1), oxygen containing compounds (5-30), sulfur (less than 1), aromatic compounds (more than 20), multi-ring aromatics (less than 5) with more than two rings, asphaltenes (less than 0.3) and cycloalkanes (5-30). The mixture further comprises ammonia which is used to produce fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - The heaters comprise electrical heaters, surface burners, flameless distributed combustors or natural distributed combustors.