NOVELTY - Bridged polymer membrane produced as follows is new: (a) preparing a solution containing a basic polymer (with amine-functional repeat units), a bridging reagent and a basic catalyst in a solvent; (b) casting the solution to form a film; (c) removing the solvent; (d) performing the bridging reaction in the film; and (e) doping the film with a strong acid.    USE - Membrane-electrode units (claimed) comprising at least one electrode and at least one membrane as above are useful in fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - It is implied (but not stated) that using the basic catalyst increases the mechanical strength of the membrane (compare WO200044816).
NOVELTY - Lithium ion secondary battery comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a polymer electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes. The polymer electrolyte comprises 5 - 95 wt.% of an aprotic solvent dissolving lithium salt and a partially cross-linked polyether polymer.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte has an improved mechanical strength as well as sufficient ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Lithium ion secondary battery comprises a negative electrode having anode active material doping and/or dedoping lithium ions reversibly, a positive electrode having cathode active material doping and/or dedoping lithium ions reversibly, and a polymer electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes. The polymer electrolyte comprises 5 - 95 wt.% of an aprotic solvent dissolving lithium salt and a partially cross-linked polyether polymer. The polymer is a cross-linked one prepared from a polyether polymer-(a) which contains the structural units of formula (1) and formula (2) and a polyether polyol poly(meth)acrylate-(b).
NOVELTY - The module comprises m-number of solar cells connected in series by strings and having a by-pass diode (5) interconnected between the solar cells. A resin film covering the front and back surfaces of the solar-cell module seals the surface area of connection node of successive solar cells where the by-pass diode is connected.    USE - Integrated by-pass diode solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature rise of the by-pass diode is prevented by the provision of the resin film whose degradation and damage are prevented by the specified assembly of the structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of the integrated by-pass diode solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    By-pass diode (5)
NOVELTY - The solar cell panel (1) has a light incident front panel (4) containing 30-60 volume% of silica and a back panel (5) containing unsaturated polyester. The coefficient of linear expansion of the light incident front panel and the back panel is 1.5x10power-5 to 3x10power-5 /degreesC. The difference between them is less than 0.5x10power-5 /degreesC.    USE - Solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell panel with high transmittance can be manufactured at low cost. Also generation of crack in the solar cell panel due to the temperature changes is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell panel manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the solar cell panel.    Solar cell panel (1)    Front panel (4)    Back panel (5)
NOVELTY - A glass substrate (50) mounted with optoelectric transducer, straw paper (52), sealing resin sheet and protective sheet, are laminated by melting the sealing resin to form a multilayered structure.    USE - For manufacturing photoelectric conversion device e.g. solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the removal operation of the resin from the substrate surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front elevation view of the multilayered structure of the photoelectric conversion device.    Glass substrate (50)    Straw paper (52)
NOVELTY - A method for the production of fluorinated monomer involves a dehalogenation reaction by means of an electrochemical reaction applied to a compound.    USE - The method produces the fluorinated monomer useful for a material for a polymer material, a fluorine-based polymer electrolytic film, including a diaphragm for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method improves the introduction of a vinyl group by the dehalogenation reaction. The dehalogenation reaction eliminates the need for using reducing metals, including zinc, reducing the development of by-products being a waste product. The method produces the fluorinated monomer under a low environmental burden.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for the production of fluorinated monomer of formula (I) involves a dehalogenation reaction by means of an electrochemical reaction applied to a compound.    m = 0 or 1;    n = 2 or 3;    Z = F, OM, OR1, NR2R3, NMSO2Rf, or CMQSO2Rf;    M = H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, quat. ammonium, or quat. phosphonium;    R1 = aryl, or fluorine-substituted alkyl;    R2, R3 = H, alkyl, aryl, or silyl;    Rf = fluoroalkyl; and    Q = H, or SO2Rf.    The compound from which (I) is prepared is of formula (II).    X1, X2 = Cl, Br, or I.
NOVELTY - A battery has a battery component containing a unit of battery component having a positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte layer. The electrolyte containing a crosslinked polymer is impregnated in a porous film of a spacer.    USE - For portable machines.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has excellent battery characteristics such as capacitance and rate. The light-weight battery is highly safe, and has high energy density.
NOVELTY - A conductive resin composition contains a conductive filler(100 parts by weight(pbw)), diamine (7-25 pbw) and maleic acid or maleic anhydride(5-22) as the essential components.    USE - For separator of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator prepared with the composition has good mechanical strength, high conductivity and small volume intrinsic resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: preparation of conductive resin composition; and a separator for fuel cells which is prepared by molding the conductive composition at 150-200 degrees C for 1-20 minutes by press-molding.
NOVELTY - An anode-mix layer consisting of active electrode material is provided to an anode (4), and has high porosity in the range of 18-34%, when the diameter value is more than 0.6 microns.    USE - Used for drive of electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Provides desirable load characteristics since high ionic conductivity of positive electrode is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective of the gel-like electrolyte battery.    Anode (4)
NOVELTY - A thickener comprises a methacrylic-acid polyoxyalkylene ether compound and ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid which are copolymerized.    USE - For a lithium ion secondary-battery cathode plate.    ADVANTAGE - A cathode plate with good binding property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a lithium ion secondary-battery.
NOVELTY - The battery comprises an anode (11) made of manganese oxide, binder containing polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, and at most 0.5% of nickel oxide. The battery contains cathode (12) made of lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for portable electronic devices e.g. camcorder, mobile telephone and laptop computer.    ADVANTAGE - Battery of excellent productivity and quality is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-section of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode (11)    Cathode (12)
NOVELTY - An adhesive tape (5) is wound around the main surface (3A-1,3A-2) of the lamination structure except the sides (3B-1,3B-2) of the lamination structure so that a gap (14) is formed between the sides and the adhesive tape.    USE - For electronic devices such as portable telephone and personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient permeation of electrolyte to all the corners of the lamination structure in short-time. Eliminates generation of unnecessary gap between the electrodes and separator of the lamination structure, hence battery characteristic is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the lamination structure with adhesive tape. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Lamination structure surfaces (3A-1,3A-2)    Lamination structure sides (3B-1,3B-2)    Adhesive tape (5)    Gap (14)
NOVELTY - The film comprises metallic oxide hydrate and the organic polymer containing proton electroconductivity.    USE - Used for fuel cell (claimed) used as portable power supply in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing cost. Enhances ion electroconductivity also at high temperature. Improves stability of the electrode contact piece.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrode contact piece; and    (2) fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of solid polymer-type lamination fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolytic battery has a gasket (8) consisting of biodegradable polymer with chitosan structure containing cellulose and starch.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolytic battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents environment contamination since the non-aqueous electrolytic battery consists of gasket which has good sealing property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the non-aqueous electrolytic battery.    Gasket (8)
NOVELTY - The three-phase boundary surface (B) of the hob of the gasket (5), current collector (6) and the electrolyte, is covered by the film containing an ionic or non-ionic surfactant.    USE - Alkaline cell such as alkaline dry battery.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates leakage due to degradation of gasket.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal sectional view of the alkaline dry battery.    Gasket (5)    Current collector (6)    Three-phase boundary surface (B)
NOVELTY - A diaphragm for solid polymer fuel cells consists of a hydrocarbon group cation exchange resin film having porous membrane made of a fluorine resin subjected to hydrophilization treatment, as base material.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The cation exchange resin is filled in the cavity of porous membrane without any gap. Hence permeability of gas is reduced. The dimensional stability, heat resistance and chemical resistance are improved. The adhesion of porous membrane and cation exchange resin is improved. The diaphragm can be used over a long period in the fuel cell and stable high battery output is enabled over a long period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid polymer fuel cell mounted with diaphragm.
NOVELTY - The multi-layered polymer electrolyte comprises a separator film layer, a gelled polymer electrolyte layer and an organic electrolyte solution in which lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent.    USE - For lithium secondary battery (claimed) used for small electronic appliances, communicating apparatus and electric automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The multi-layered polymer electrolyte has superior adhesive property with electrodes, compatibility with organic electrolyte solution for battery, mechanical strength and permeability. The battery showed good performance in low- and high-temperature characteristics, high rate of discharge characteristic, capacity of battery, cycle life and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The multi-layered polymer electrolyte comprises    (1) a separator film layer formed of a polymer electrolyte, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) or non-woven fabric;    (2) a gelled polymer electrolyte layer which is cast onto one or both surfaces of the separator film layer, comprising polyacrylonitrile (PAN) group polymer (in weight%) (5-90), polymer selected from PVdF group polymers and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) group polymers (5-80), polymer selected from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) group polymers and PVdF group polymers (5-80); and    (3) an organic electrolyte solution in which lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode and the electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of a lithium secondary battery comprising multi-layered polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte composition comprises a salt having: (i) an anion that contains a mesogen group and an alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 carbons or more in its structure and (ii) an (in)organic cation.    USE - Photoelectric chemical and non-aqueous secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is excellent in durability and charge transport performance and minimizes deterioration of electrochemical battery performance with time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical battery including the electrolyte composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a photoelectric conversion element.    Photosensitive layer (16)    Charge transport layer (18)    Counter electrode (20)    Dye-sensitized semiconductor (24)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte contains a high-molecular compound, a sulfur and oxygen-containing ring, and a metallic salt of a Group 1a or 2a metal.    USE - The solid polymer electrolyte is used for the secondary battery, a primary battery, capacitor, electrochromic display element, medical actuator.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte has high ion conductivity, superior electrochemical stability, high retentivity with respect to a plasticizer, an alkaline metallic salt. Its film has flexibility. Its gel has superior solution retention. The secondary battery has superior initial characteristics, load characteristics, good solution retention, superior shelf life stability in a charged state, and enhanced reliability. The good solution retention causes no solution leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte contains a high-molecular compound, a sulfur and oxygen-containing heterocyclic ring of formula (I) or (II), and a metallic salt of a Group 1a or 2a metal.
NOVELTY - An anode (2) and cathode (4) made of material containing lithium ion emitting and blocking characteristic are separated by a separator (5). The ratio of thickness of separator with respect to amount of copper content in the active material of anode is 10 or more.    USE - For camcorder, note book personal computer, mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Enlarges durability range of battery by suppressing voltage reduction due to short circuit generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross section of cylindrical lithium secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode (2)    Cathode (4)    Separator (5)
NOVELTY - A new electrolyte composition comprises a lithium salt of specific formula and a matrix polymer.    USE - For secondary lithium batteries or lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The new electrolyte composition has a higher ionic conductivity and higher safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new electrolyte composition comprises a lithium salt of formula (1) or (2) and a matrix polymer.    R1-(A)m-(Y)n-X-. Li+ (1)    Li+. X--(Y1)e-(A)p-(Y2)f-X-. Li+ (2)    R1 = 1-4C non-substituted or fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group;    A = perfluoroalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or polyfluoroxyalkylene;    Y = CH3, CF2, CF2CH2 or OCONHR2NHCOOR3;    R2, R3 = 1-18C hydrocarbon group;    m = integer of 1-70;    n = 0, 1, 2;    X = SO3, SO2NSO2R4, or COO;    R4 = 1-4C non-substituted or fluorinated alkyl group;    Y1 = CH2, CF2, CH2CF2, R5OCH2CF2, or R2OCONHR2NHCO;    Y2 = OCH2, OCF2, OCF2CH2, OCF2CH2OR5, or OCONHR2NHCOOR3;    R5 = 1-8C alkylene group;    e, f = 0, 1, 2; and    p = 0 or integer of 1-70.
NOVELTY - Polyolefin resin of 60-99% molecular weight and a soluble polymer of 1-40% molecular weight are heated to form kneaded material which is spread on a metal plate to obtain a sheet. The sheet is drawn to obtain a precursor porous film, from which the soluble polymer is removed.    USE - For manufacturing porous film used in separator (claimed) that is used in capacitor (claimed) and battery (claimed) used in mobile telephone, notebook personal computer, electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The porosity and strength of the porous film are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Porous film;    (2) Separator;    (3) Battery; and    (4) Capacitor.
NOVELTY - Lithium polymer secondary battery comprises a negative electrode using a carbon material as an active material, a lithium ion conductive polymer electrolyte layer, and a positive electrode using a metal oxide including lithium as an active material.    USE - Used as a lithium polymer secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has improved cycle characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Lithium polymer secondary battery comprises a negative electrode using a carbon material as an active material, a lithium ion conductive polymer electrolyte layer, and a positive electrode using a metal oxide including lithium as an active material. The polymer in the electrolyte layer is obtained by polymerizing a polyether polyol terminal (meth)acrylate containing ethylene oxide (EO) in the polymer chain or both EO and propylene oxide (PO) with two thermal polymerization initiators of different half-life times.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the charge/discharge cycle and the discharge capacity. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a transparent substrate on which a transparent conductive film is formed, a conductive substrate so disposed as to be opposed to the transparent conductive film, a porous semiconductor layer adsorbing a dye and disposed between the transparent conductive film and the conductive substrate, and an electrolyte also disposed between the transparent conductive film.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - By adopting such a constitution, there is an advantage that the composition of the electrolyte of a dye-sensitized solar cell is readily controlled, and the manufacturing process is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell is such that a gel electrolyte or a polymer solid electrolyte is used as the electrolyte which has a net structure containing a redox material and composed by crosslinking a compound A having at least one isocyanate group and any one of compounds B to D: B is a compound having at least one amino group, C is a compound having at least one carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group, and D is a compound reactive with at least one isocyanate group.
NOVELTY - Lithium ion polymer secondary cell, in which a porous material which comprises a fluoropolymer having vinylidene fluoride as its primary polymer unit and has a density of 0.55 to 1.30 g/cm3 and a Gurley value of 150 sec/100 cc or less is used as a base material arranged between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte exhibits improved ion conductivity, and thus provide a lithium ion polymer secondary cell improved in low temperature characteristics, cycle characteristics and high rate discharge characteristics, compared to conventional ones.
NOVELTY - Reinforcing woven cloth for envelope of positive electrode of lead-acid cell can be utilized in design of attendance-free and leak-tight cells. Proposed design of reinforcing woven cloth comprises threads of polyethylene terephthalate warp and yarn of modified polyacrylonitrile. Reinforced woven cloth additionally includes two zones of cloth binding in envelope which are produced from threads of polyethylene terephthalate. Size of each zone amounts to 0.03-0.15 length of reinforcing woven cloth. Employment of this cloth contributes to strengthening of seam in pocket in which positive electrode is wrapped , protects active mass from melting and prolongs service life of lead-acid cell by 15-20%.    USE - Manufacture of reinforcing woven cloth.    ADVANTAGE - Prolonged service life of lead-acid cell.
NOVELTY - In agreement with invention lead-acid cell includes electrolyte, unit of negative and unit of positive electrodes isolated by separators and packed in envelope from acid-resistant synthetic cloth. Polypropylene cloth fabricated by weaving of polypropylene complex threads with density of 15-20 tex and polypropylene yarn with density of 22-30 tex is utilized as cloth for envelope. Number of warp threads is 40-50 and of weft is 26-36. One side of cloth with long weft trestles has nap. Nap side of cloth is used as internal side of envelope.    USE - Electrical engineering, manufacture of cells with long service time.    ADVANTAGE - Strong adhesion of cloth of envelope to positive active mass which prevents completely its melting and leads to reduced corrosion of positive current tap and release of gas and to prolonged service life of lead-acid cell and its raised capacitance.
NOVELTY - Solar battery has frame assembled of flat panels made of carbon-plastic tubes or other structural materials of definite shape and provided with uniformly disposed cavities accommodating modules of series- or series/parallel-connected solar cells attached to perforated film substrate by means of rear glass strips; perforated film substrate is made of reinforced polyamide film and has strip projections uniformly disposed over module perimeter and used for securing module to solar battery frame.    USE - Electrical engineering; solar-to-electric energy conversion.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced mass of panels, enhanced power capacity, reduced space requirement, facilitated manufacture. 3 dwg
NOVELTY - A new cross-linked conductor is given from a compound having structural unit of specific formula and a polymerizing compound or composition having a number of polymerizing functional groups. The specific formula contains an alkykeneoxide chain and an acrylate chain.    USE - For polymer electrolytes of rechargeable lithium batteries, solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells, photoelectrochemical batteries, sensors, electrochromic devices, capacitors, anti-electrostatic coating, or conductive seal.    ADVANTAGE - The new conductor has higher ionic conductivity and improved stability from lower temperature and lower humidity to higher temperature and higher humidity atmosphere    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new cross-linked conductor is given from a compound having structural unit-(A) of formula (1) and a polymerizing compound-(B) or composition having a number of polymerizing functional groups.    R1 = 1-5C alkyl group;    R2, R3 = 2-10C aliphatic group;    m, n = positive integer
NOVELTY - A high-molecular gel electrolyte is new.    USE - The high-molecular gel electrolyte is used for the nonaqueous battery, particularly, a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - Applying the crosslinking polymerization to the multifunctional monomers retains with high concentration the electrolytic solution in a uniform interpenetrating polymer network consisting of the vinylidene fluoride polymer and the crosslinking polymer. The resulting high-molecular gel electrolyte has high ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolytic solution (I) formed by dissolving an ionic compound in an organic solvent is fixed by a matrix resin (II) consisting of at least (a) a vinylidene fluoride polymer with an amount capable of dissolving the electrolytic solution; and (b) a crosslinking polymer consisting of multifunctional monomers, each having two or more functional groups.
NOVELTY - A phosphonic acid polymer containing a fluoroalkyl group of formula (1).    USE - The fluoroalkyl group containing phosphonic acid polymer is useful as a polymer electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fluoroalkyl group containing phosphonic acid polymer is a novel polymer and has excellent ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A phosphonic acid polymer containing a fluoroalkyl group of formula (1).    R1, R2 = (CF2)nY, or CF(CF3)-(OCF2CF(CF3))p-OC3F7 (provided that Y=hydrogen atom, fluorine atom or chlorine atom;    n = 1-10;    p = 0-10;    R3 = hydrogen atom or methyl;    A = phosphonoethylene group;wherein a:b=1:99 -99:1 by mol).
NOVELTY - Crown ether derivatives are new.    USE - The present composition is used for electrolytes of secondary cells and sensor devices.    ADVANTAGE - Improved in ion transport efficiency and electrochemical reaction efficiency at the contact surface of the electrolyte and an electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Crown ether derivatives of formula (I) are new.    R1 - R4 = 1-25C alkyl (optionally one or more -CH2- is substituted by -O-, -CO-, 1, 4-phenylene, -CH=CH-, -C(CH3)=CH-, -CC- or epoxy); and    m, n = 1-10.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a new composition containing the crown ether derivative(s), alkali metal salt(s), a discotic columnar liquid crystal phase and an organic solvent.
NOVELTY - A heating panel (20) is mounted on a support which enables adjusting the position of the heating panel which presents the circulated water of swimming pool to solar radiation, so that the incidence of solar radiation on the water circulated by a pump is optimized. The pump electrically connected to a solar panel (35), circulates water from the pool through the heating panel and returns heated water to the pool.    USE - For heating water in outdoor swimming pools in sunny climates.    ADVANTAGE - Since the support enables varying the position of the heating panel, so as to track the sun during the course of the day, the incidence of solar radiation on water is optimized resulting in quick, efficient and economical heating of water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of assembly of solar panel and heating panel.    Heating panel (20)    Solar panel (35)
NOVELTY - Preparation of precursors for composites comprises forming rigid polymer solution having concentration 1-1.3 times the lower concentration limit (C2) for optical anisotropy, and removing solvent by absorbing solidifying agent to render solution non-flowing.    USE - For used in polymer electrolyte fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The composite material has high strength, elasticity and heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a molecular composite having an average thickness of 2-200 microns and obtained by impregnating having a moisture strength of 2-50kgf/mm2 in polymer or reactive molecule solution.
NOVELTY - A lithium polymer secondary battery comprising a solid electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, where the solid electrolyte consists of a porous material formed integrally with the anode or cathode and having a light transmittance of at least 50%, an organic electrolyte and a polymer.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A production method comprising the steps of impregnating a solid electrolyte forming mixed precursor solution containing a polymeric monomer, lithium salt, photopolymerizing initiator, and thermopolymerizing initiator into one of an anode material and a cathode material and a porous material, or a impregnating a solid electrolyte forming mixed precursor solution containing a polymeric monomer, lithium salt, photopolymerizing initiator, and thermopolymerizing initiator also into the other electrode material, pasting one electrode material and a porous material together, irradiating the pasted material with light within a temperature range of 30-100 degreesC to carry out a first polymerization, pasting the other electrode material, and heating the pasted material within temperature range of 30-100 degreesC to complete second polymerization.
NOVELTY - Manufacturing an electrolytic film electrode connection body comprises: (a) stacking hydrogen ion conductive high film on shape holding film; (b) forming a catalyst layer on hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film; (c) connecting a shape holding body on catalyst layer side; (d) separating shape holding film; and (e) forming a second catalyst layer on the hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film.    USE - Electrolytic film electrode connection body for fuel cell    ADVANTAGE - Capable of preventing a hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film and a catalyst layer from being damaged even when a thin hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacturing an electrolytic film electrode connection body for fuel cell comprises:    (a) stacking a hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film on one surface of a first shape holding film;    (b) forming a first catalyst layer on the hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film;    (c) connecting a shape holding body onto the surface of the hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film on the first catalyst layer side;    (d) separating the first shape holding film from the hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film; and    (e) forming a second catalyst layer on the hydrogen ion conductive high polymer film exposed by the separation.
NOVELTY - The battery comprises a gas exhaust valve (8) which is left open, when the internal pressure of a battery can (1) exceeds a predetermined value. A resin board made of material selected from polypropylene, polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, is installed outside the valve. The board has a pressure lower than the working pressure of valve and leaves open a gas spillway.    USE - Secondary battery e.g. lithium secondary battery used in portable electronic device, electric vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The gas spillway is left open reliably by predetermined working pressure without corroding gas exhaust valve due to contact with electrolyte. Prevents the abnormal pressure built-up within the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of secondary battery.    Battery can (1)    Gas exhaust valve (8)
NOVELTY - The battery case (5) within an aluminum container (7), includes output terminals (1a, 1b) which are connected to the ends of positive and negative electrodes. The container is bent such that notches (11) are formed at the opening sides (10) of the container.    USE - Cylindrical secondary battery such as lead storage battery, nickel cadmium storage battery, nickel hydrogen secondary battery, silver oxide zinc battery, lithium ion battery, used in electric vehicle, motor vehicle, cordless device, uninterruptable electric power device, watch, clock, calculator, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents short circuit between the terminals of the battery and the metal container by forming notches at the opening sides of the container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective and top views of the secondary battery.    Output terminals (1a, 1b)    Battery case (5)    Aluminum container (7)    Opening side (10)    Notches (11)
NOVELTY - A solar roof panel element comprises a flexible solar laminate (1) which is adhered to a metal roof sheet (2). The solar laminate consists of buried solar cells manufactured using thin film technology by deposition on a flexible substrate. Two adhesive layers are adhered either side of a metal film made of the same material as the substrate of the solar laminate substrate, in order to adhere it to the metal roof sheet (2).    USE - For manufacturing solar roof panels.    ADVANTAGE - Good heat conduction is obtained from the solar laminate into the metal roof sheet cooled by water carrying cooling pipes (5) which prevents a reduction of current production on hot sunny days.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Solar laminate (1)    Metal roof sheet (2)    Hot melt adhesive film (3)    Stainless steel film (4)    Coolant carrying tubes (5)    Protective film (6)    Isolation (7)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer type fuel cell, in which an ion conducting material contained in the polymer electrolyte film (1) or in the catalyst layer (5) of at least one of the electrodes (2,3) comprises a sulfonated polyarylene polymer having a sulfonic acid group in a side chain.    USE - As solid polymer type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer type fuel cell uses an alternative material to a conventional perfluoroalkylene sulfonic acid polymer compound which allows the production at a reduced cost, and also has excellent performance capabilities for generating electric power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer type fuel cell which has a pair of electrodes (2,3) consisting of an oxygen electrode (2) and a fuel electrode (3) both having a catalyst layer (5) containing a catalyst and an ion conducting material, and a polymer electrolyte film (1) sandwiched between catalyst layers (5) of both electrodes (2,3), such that the above ion conducting material contained in the polymer electrolyte film (1) or in the catalyst layer (5) of at least one of the electrodes (2,3) comprises a sulfonated polyarylene polymer having a sulfonic acid group in a side chain.
NOVELTY - A charge transport material comprises tertiary amine molecules, their oligomers or their polymers.    USE - Used as charge-conducting film or track in solid polymer electrolytes for opto-electronic, and electrochemical devices, e.g. photovoltaic cell (claimed), electroluminescent displays, batteries and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has variable redox potentials, high tendency to form amorphous organic films, good thermal and chemical stability, and good processibility. It also exhibits high conductivities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A charge transport material comprises tertiary amine molecules, their oligomers or their polymers. The molecules comprise at least one moiety of formula (I).    Ar3-N(Ar1)-Ar2 (I).    Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 = aromatic or hetero-aromatic ring or their fused or conjugated derivatives where one or more is derivatized with ion-chelating group(s) consisting of (-(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OCH3), (O(CH2CH2)nOCH3), (-(CH2CH(R)O)nCH2CH2OCH3), or (-(CH(R)CH2)nOCH3);    n = 0-10, preferably 2-4;    R = 1-10, preferably 1-2C alkyl    The ion chelating groups comprise side chains in oligomeric or polymeric structures.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a charge-conducting film or track comprising the above material;    (2) an electrooptic device comprising the above material;    (3) a photovoltaic cell comprising the above material; and    (4) an electrochemical device comprising the above material.
NOVELTY - A sealing material composition(I) for lithium ion cell comprises: (A) copolymer resin composed of; (A1) hydrolyzable group-containing silicon unit; (A2) 1-8C alkyl (meth)acrylate unit(s) and (A3) 10-30C alkyl (meth)acrylate unit(s) 100 parts by weight; (B) moisture-sensitive curing catalyst; (C) aminosilane; and (D) one or more inorganic fillers from metal carbonate(s) and metal(hydr)oxide(s) 40-300 parts by weight.    USE - (I) is useful as sealing material for lithium ion cell.    ADVANTAGE - (I) has good resistance to electrolyte of lithium ion cell.
NOVELTY - Production of a polymer having a repeating unit containing sulfonic acid group, in which a polymer having a repeating unit (1) is treated with an acid. It is thereby made into the sulfonic acid group containing polymer in one stage.    USE - The sulfonic acid group containing polymer is useful for a diaphragm for a fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - By changing the conventional sulfonic acid precursor (SO2F group) to a more readily hydrolysable compound (sulfone amide group), the conventionally employed two stage hydrolysis (i.e. alkali saponification followed by acid treatment) can be carried out only in one stage (i.e. acid treatment), to provide SO3H group.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a polymer having a repeating unit containing sulfonic acid group which is represented by formula (2), in which a polymer having a repeating unit of formula (1) is treated with an acid. It is thereby made into the sulfonic acid group containing polymer in one stage.    m = 0 or 1;    n = 2 or 3;    R1, R2 = H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or silyl;and R1 and R2 may be bonded to form a ring.
NOVELTY - A star polymer comprises a central nucleus and an arm moiety extending from the nucleus, wherein the arm moiety contains a polymeric chain having a repeating unit.    USE - The star polymer and the resulting polymer electrolyte (which is a compound made of one or more star polymers and one or more lithium salts) are useful for polymer solid electrolyte for a lithium battery having a long life and high performance.    ADVANTAGE - The star polymer and the resulting polymer electrolyte can provide a polymer solid electrolyte having high ion conductivity and high moldability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A star polymer comprises a central nucleus and an arm moiety (A) extending from the nucleus, wherein the arm moiety (A) contains a polymeric chain (A1) having a repeating unit (I).    R1 = H or methyl;    R2,R3 = H, or 1-6C alkyl;    R4 = H, alkyl, aryl, acyl or silyl;    n = 0,1 or 2;    m = 1-50.
NOVELTY - The back-side protection sheet (10) comprises an inorganic oxide thin film layer (2) formed on one surface of heat resistance and weather resistance plastic film (1). The plastic film contains polyester resin having annular trimer content of 0.5 weight% or less and intrinsic viscosity of more than 0.6 (dl/g). The sheet has other heat resistance and weather resistance plastic film (4) formed from the same resin.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The back-side protection sheet has excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and damp proofing property. The degradation of various functions of the back-side protection sheet is prevented in the outdoor use even for a long period of time, and quality stabilization of the solar cell module is attained at reduced cost. The back-side protection sheet has high industrial utility value in solar power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the back-side protection sheet for solar cell.    Heat resistance and weather resistance plastic film (1,4)    Inorganic oxide thin film layer (2)    Back-side protection sheet (10)
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous secondary battery has an electroconductive carbon material consisting of chromene type structure and pyrone form structure whose acidic functional group ratio is less than 50% and pH value of water slurry is less than 7.0. The carbon material is carbon black or graphite.    USE - For e.g. lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - Due to small size and light weight, high performance battery can be obtained.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator comprises a molded body. The molded body is produced by filling a molding die with graphite powder coated with phenol resin on body's surface, and molding the powder by applying pressure into a prescribed separate shape.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive separator has excellent mechanical strength, gas impermeability, and the electric characteristic properties, thus it is capable of producing fuel-cell-based battery of excellent capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for manufacturing a fuel cell separator comprising pressure molding a graphite powder with an average particle diameter of 15-125 microns and coated with resin on the surface into a prescribed separator shape at the molding pressure of 100-1000 kg/cm2, and molding at 120-240 degrees C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the filling and pressurizing state of a resin-coated graphite powder in a molding die in the production process of the inventive fuel cell separator.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte gel comprises: a crosslinked polymer formed through the ring-opening and crosslinking of a polymer having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule by the use of a supporting electrolyte as a catalyst; the supporting electrolyte; and an organic solvent.    USE - Polymer gel electrolyte for lithium secondary cell.    ADVANTAGE - In the case of a lithium secondary cell or the like using a liquid electrolyte such as an organic solvent, it is difficult to prepare a satisfactory lightweight cell, since the sealing of the electrolyte or the like is required for preventing the leakage of a liquid. A polymer electrolyte gel has been developed for overcoming the above defect through solidification of an electrolyte. However, the gelation by heating combined with the use of a catalyst results in the adverse effect on the conductivity of a ion due to impurities derived from the residual catalyst in the resulting polymer electrolyte gel, and the gelation by irradiation of a light needs the lamination of the resulting gel with an electrode, which leads to the reduction of the conductivity of an ion due to the interfacial resistance between electrolyte and electrode layers. The polymer electrolyte gel is free from the problems associated with above conventional polymer electrolyte gels, and thus exhibits enhanced ion conductivity.
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte type fuel cell includes a catalyst layer of at least one electrode comprising an electroconductive carbon carrying a platinum group metal catalyst, an electroconductive carbon carrying no catalytic metal and a H ion conducting polymer electrolyte. The amount of the electroconductive carbon carrying no catalytic metal is preferably 5-50 wt.% of that of the electroconductive carbon carrying the catalytic metal.    USE - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Incorporation of the electroconductive carbon carrying no catalytic metal in the catalyst layer permits the reduction of electric potential concentration into some of electron conducting paths, which leads to the manufacture of the electrode for a polymer electrolyte type fuel cell which is excellent in life characteristics.
NOVELTY - A supported or self-supporting electrochemical transistor device comprises active element having a transistor channel made of organic material that has an ability of altering its conductivity through change of redox state. A solidified electrolyte is interposed between the active element and a gate electrode to prevent electron flow which is controllable by a voltage applied to the gate electrode(s).    USE - As dynamic colorants useful in smart windows and in polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The device is an environmentally safe electrochemical transistor device so that, the disposal of the device together with the support does not give rise to handling problems and no safety restrictions have to be imposed on the use of the device. The source and drain contacts, gate electrode and active element are all arranged in a common plane thus production is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical transistor device comprises source and drain contacts (1, 2), gate electrode(s) (4), electrochemically active element (3) and solidified electrolyte (5). The active element is in direct contact with and arranged between the source and drain contacts. It comprises a transistor channel made of organic material having the ability of altering its conductivity through change of redox state. The electrolyte is in electrical contact with and interposed between the active element and the gate electrode so that flow of electrons is prevented between the active element and the gate electrode. The flow of electrons between source contact and drain contact is controllable by a voltage applied to the gate electrode(s).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of producing the above supported electrochemical transistor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic top view structure of a bi-stable transistor.    Source and drain contacts (1, 2)    Active element (3)    Gate electrodes (4)    Solidified electrolyte (5)
NOVELTY - The sulfonated copolymer is represented by a specific formula.    USE - For proton exchange membranes (claimed) used for fuel cells, and for ion exchange membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The sulfonated copolymers and membranes exhibit improved thermal stability and protonic conductivity, in fuel cell applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sulfonated copolymer is of formula (1).    Y = -S-, S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)- and/or -P(O)(C6H5)-;    Z = direct C-C single bond, -C(CH3)2-, -C(CF3)2-, -C(CF3)(C6H5)-, -C(O)-, -S(O)2 and/or -P(O)(C6H5)-; and    n/n+m = 0.001-1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A sulfonated polysulfone comprising a sulfonate moiety on a deactivated aromatic ring, adjacent to a sulfone functional group of polysulfone;    (2) A proton exchange membrane comprising a sulfonated copolymer or sulfonated polyimide membrane formed from the sulfonated polymer;    (3) A sulfonated polyimide of formula (2);    (4) Method for forming sulfonated polymer. The method involves reacting a monomer having sulfonate group(s) and leaving groups, and a co-monomer having leaving groups to form a sulfonated polymer. The leaving groups are removed by condensation of the monomer and co-monomer;    (5) Method for forming a sulfonated polysulfone involves condensing a sulfone monomer and a co-monomer. The sulfone monomer has sulfonate group(s) attached to an aromatic ring, adjacent to sulfone functional group of the sulfone monomer; and    (6) Method for forming sulfonated polyimide. The method involves polymerizing an aromatic diamine with a dianhydride. The aromatic diamine has at least a sulfonate moiety attached to an aromatic ring of the aromatic diamine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of conductivity cell comprising a membrane.
NOVELTY - Gel composition containing vinylidene fluoride copolymer with carboxyl group and organic solvent dissolving lithium ion.    USE - The gel composition is useful for producing lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The gel composition is improved in film formability and adhesive property of vinylidene fluoride copolymer with improved heat resistance and swelling property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gel composition containing vinylidene fluoride copolymer with carboxyl group comprising 80 - 98 mol % Vinylidine fluoride and 0 - 20 mol % fluoro-olefin monomer and 0.1 - 20 mol % fluorine containing unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer represented by formula of R1R2C=CR3COOH (R1,R2 and R3 is optionally same or different, hydrogen, fluorine atom, or 1 - 6 C halogen substituted alkyl and also at least one of R1,R2 and R3 is fluorine atom or fluorine substituted alkyl) and organic solvent dissolving lithium ion.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a gel composition containing organic solvent dissolving lithium ion being carbonate ester, preferably ethylene carbonate; and    (2) lithium ion secondary battery arranging gel polymer electrolyte comprising the gel composition and lithium salt.
NOVELTY - A solid-form electrolyte contains an electrolyte and a polymeric crosslinking component. The ratio of the electrolyte to the crosslinking density is good, when the amount of electrolyte is 85-90 weight % and crosslinking density of the cross-linking component is 10.3-20.2 x 10-4 mol x g-1 or more.    USE - Used in non-aqueous batteries (claimed) and electrochemical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The ratio of electrolyte and crosslinking density of the cross-linking component is good. The solid-form electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity and battery property. The non-aqueous secondary battery comprising the solid-form electrolyte has high discharge characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Manufacture of solid-form electrolyte, which involves controlling the crosslinking density of the polymeric crosslinking component by adding a low molecular weight compound with single reacting point and a low molecule weight compound with two reacting points or more;    (2) A non-aqueous secondary battery which comprises the solid-form electrolyte; and    (3) Manufacture of non-aqueous secondary battery, which involves processing an anode, a cathode and a diaphragm in a final battery form and providing the solid-form electrolyte in the battery form.
NOVELTY - Ion-conducting monomers are new.    USE - Used as a solid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Improving in electric resistance and electrode efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ion-conducting monomers of formula (1) are new.    R1, R1' = ion-conducting group;    R2 = hydrophobic group;    R3 = cross-linking group;    R4 = anionic group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) new polymers with polymerization degree of 20-42,000 that are prepared from (1);    (b) a new ion conductor containing the present polymer and an electrolytic compound of LiBF4;    (c) a new cell using the present electrolytic material; and    (d) preparation of an ion conductor by dispersing a 4-120C alkyl amphipathic compound and the present ion-conducting monomer in water (dispersion concentration = 0.02-2000 mol/l in total) to orient them like laminate and polymerizing the ion-conducting monomer.
NOVELTY - The electronic components (54-58) are mounted on a resin substrate (51). The cathode and anode terminals (52,53) of the electronic components are provided to the ends sides of the mounting surface of the resin substrate. The water proof resin (59) is formed on the whole surface of the resin substrate except the regions where the electronic components are mounted.    USE - Lithium ion battery protective circuit.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces weight of the circuit but the strength is maintained by the thickness of resin substrate and water proof resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for lithium ion battery protective circuit manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the lithium ion battery protective circuit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Resin substrate (51)    Cathode and anode terminals (52,53)    Electronic components (54-58)    Water proof resin (59)
NOVELTY - Transparent conductive sheet comprises: (1) a curable resin sheet; (2) a gas barrier film consisting of a coating composition containing constituents (a) and (b); and (3) a conductive film.    USE - The transparent conductive sheets obtained can be used as display elements of liquid crystal displays and sensing elements of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent conductive sheets obtained have rigidity, gas barrier properties, and chemical resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Transparent conductive sheet comprises:    (1) a curable resin sheet; and    (2) a gas barrier film consisting of a coating composition containing the following constituents:    (a) an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; and    (b) a metal alcoholate of formula, R1mM(OR2)n (1), a hydrolyzed product of the metal alcoholate, a condensation product of the metal alcoholate, a chelate compound of the metal alcoholate, a hydrolyzed product of the metal chelate compound, a condensation product of the metal chelate compound, a metal acylate, a hydrolyzed product of the metal acylate, and/or a condensation product of the metal acylate; and    (3) a conductive film, laminated on the curable resin sheet.    M = metal atom;    R1 = 1-8C organic group;    R2 = 1-5C alkyl or 1-6C acyl or phenyl;    m, n = 0; and    m + n = the valence of M.
NOVELTY - The battery uses an ionic conductor whose structural element is made of a compound obtained by a reaction of a compound with aliphatic double bonds at three points of benzene rings with polymer having polyether as main component of main chain and aliphatic double bonds at both ends.    USE - Polymer gel secondary battery for use with electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents problems of low dry temperature and low self-carrying characteristic in polymer gel secondary battery. The battery is small in size, high in capacity.
NOVELTY - A dome-like translucent resin mold (6a) which seals the light emitting diode (LED) chip (1) is mounted at the center of a substrate (2). A rectangular translucent resin mold (6b) is provided at the outer side of the resin mold (6a). The translucent resin mold (6a) has higher refractive index than that of translucent resin mold (6b).    USE - Semiconductor light emitting diode.    ADVANTAGE - Improves luminous efficiency, remarkably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the semiconductor light emitting diode.    LED chip (1)    Substrate (2)    Dome-like translucent resin mold (6a)    Rectangular translucent resin mold (6b)
NOVELTY - An insulation layer laminated between the metal substrate and the lower electrode, contains insulation particles dispersed in matrix. The matrix contains silicon oxide or heat resistance resin whose thermal coefficient of expansion is 0.1-1.5 times larger than that of the metal substrate. The glass transition point of the resin, is equal to or more than 260 degrees C.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Offers highly reliable and efficient solar cell using simple components.
NOVELTY - A two pack type liquid fluororesin layer having viscosity of 103-104 poise (25degreesC) is formed on a steel sheet using an injection molding process. The resin is injected with the steel sheet held in a mold. The fluororesin layer after injection molding is 0.05 mm/1.0 mm thick with hardness range of 30-70.    USE - Used as cushioning material for electrical and electronic components and for separator of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Three-dimensional fluororesin metal composite of specific hardness is manufactured correctly and efficiently using injection molding process.
NOVELTY - Mixture used in electrolytes, primary batteries, secondary batteries, capacitors, super capacitors and galvanic cells, contains a fluoroalkylphosphate salt and a polymer.    USE - Used in electrolytes, primary batteries, secondary batteries, capacitors, super capacitors and galvanic cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The mixture has a long service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Mixture contains a fluoroalkylphosphate salt of formula: Mn+((PFx(CyF2y+1-zHz)6-x)-)n (where Mn+ = a monovalent, divalent or trivalent cation; x = 1-; y = 1-8; z = 2y + 1; n = 1, 2 or 3; and the ligands (CyF2y+1-zHz); and a polymer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the mixture by mixing the fluoroalkylphosphate salt with the polymer and optionally a solvent.    Preferred Features: The Mn+ cation is a Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg or Al cation, preferably a Li cation, or an organic cation, preferably a nitrosyl, nitrile or cation of formula: (NR4)+, (P(NR2)k)+ (where k = 0-4), (C(NR2)3)+ or (CR3)+ (where R = H, CoF2o+1-p-qHpAq or A; o = 1-10; p = 0-2o+1; q = 0-2o+1; and A = aromatic residue with optional hetero atoms or a 5 or 6 membered cycloalkyl residue). The fluoroalkylphosphate salt is e.g. of formula: Li+(F6-xP(CF2-CF3)x)- (where x = 1-3), (N(C2H5)4(PF3(C2F5)3) or (C(N(CH3)2)3)(PF3(C4F9)3). The mixture additionally contains a solvent.
NOVELTY - Inks comprise a platinum catalyst for a cathode catalyst and a platinum-ruthenium catalyst for an anode catalyst, purified water which is 4-20 times that of the catalyst by weight, and a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer in an amount effective to provide an ionomer content in dried anode and cathode catalyst coats of 20-80 vol.%.    USE - For making anode and cathode catalysts for application to ionomeric membranes for direct methanol fuels.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) the production of inks for use in anode and cathode catalysts applied to membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, comprising combining platinum or platinum-ruthenium catalysts with purified water to form a first mixture, cooling the first mixture to a temperature that reduces evaporation of water from the first mixture, placing the first mixture in a cooler and agitating the mixture to obtain a first homogeneous suspension, adding an alcoholic solution of perfluorosulfonic acid to the first homogeneous suspension to provide a second mixture, agitating the second mixture in the cooler to obtain a homogeneous ink suitable for application to the appropriate anode or cathode side of the membrane; and    (b) a method for applying anode and cathode catalyst to anode and cathode surfaces for a direct methanol fuel cell, comprising forming a mixture of water, perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer, alcohols, and catalyst of platinum-ruthenium for the anode or platinum catalyst for the cathode while cooling and agitating the solution, placing the mixture in a cooler, continuously agitating the mixture, spraying the mixture on the anode or cathode surfaces as determined by the catalyst content.
NOVELTY - A vent hole is formed in a bottom (10) of a battery metal container. A vent plate (20) is fabricated and bonded to an outside of the container at the position of the vent hole. An inside and outside of a weld zone between the vent plate and the bottom of the metal container is coated with a phenolic resin.    USE - For battery e.g. lithium battery, used in camcorders, cellular phone, notebook PC, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the pressure required to open the safety vent is considerably uniform, even if the internal pressure in the battery rises abnormally, the safety vent provides higher reliability in preventing the battery explosion caused in case where the safety vent will not open. The safety vent has simpler construction, thereby enabling manufacturing cost reduction, and can be applied to a narrow space in the battery with more ease.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for safety vent for battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view illustrating the safety vent.    Bottom (10)    Vent plate (20)
NOVELTY - A heat shrinkable polystyrenic tube consists of a thermoplastic polymer containing a styrenic monomer component, 50 percent by weight or more, as a constituent in the thermoplastic polymer.    USE - The heat shrinkable polystyrenic tube is used interior-covering a dry cell.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silicone compound exhibits good inner surface sliding. The tube has good opening and sliding with the interior jacket of the dry cell inserted in the tube.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The tube is drawn. A liquid silicone compound, 1mg to 1 g per m2 of the tube, is applied to the inner surface of the drawn tube.
NOVELTY - An ion conductive composition is formed by polymerizing a polymeric compound consisting of an ion conductive mixture containing at least an electrolytic salt and a polymeric compound. The ion conductive mixture contains a polymerization inhibitor.    USE - The ion conductive composition is used for the battery, and the electro-chemical element.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductive composition retains low viscosity for a long period of time. The result stably assembles the battery and the electro-chemical element. The battery and the electrochemical element have high performance.
NOVELTY - A textile prepreg (12) comprises a resin layer (13) provided to at least one side of a textile fabric (12a) impregnated with a resin (12b).    USE - As textile prepreg for panel component, and as supporting material of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The textile prepreg has high bonding strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Manufacture of the textile prepreg, which involves impregnating the resin on the textile fabric and forming the resin layer to at least one side of the textile fabric impregnated with the resin; and    (2) Panel component, which is obtained by positioning the resin layer on the textile prepreg, providing a honeycomb core to the honeycomb core side, curing and joining the resin layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural drawing of textile prepreg.    Textile prepreg (12)    Textile fabric (12a)    Resin (12b)    Resin layer (13)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has several single cells, formed by placing a separator (106) between membrane-electrode contact pieces (101), which contacts polymer electrolyte between a fuel electrode and an air pole. An insulated spacer (2) is provided between the separators and the membrane-electrode contact pieces. The circumference of the insulated spacer protrudes from the battery surface.    USE - As a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Short circuiting of the fuel cell is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a manufacturing method of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of solid-polymer electrolyte type fuel cell.    Insulated spacer (2)    Membrane-electrode contact pieces (101)    Separator (106)
NOVELTY - Resin-impregnated expanded graphite product comprises a solvent-free low-viscosity acrylic resin.    USE - Resin-impregnated expanded graphite products are useful as sealing elements, fuel cell components or heat-conducting elements.    ADVANTAGE - The resin seals the pores of the graphite without creating defects, e.g. bubble or cracks, to obtain products that are corrosion-resistant, electrically and thermally conductive and impermeable to liquids or even gases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the resin-impregnated expanded graphite product comprising:    (1) impregnating the expanded graphite with the resin;    (2) optionally shaping the resulting prepreg; and    (3) curing the resin.
NOVELTY - A solidifying material for a cell electrolyte solution is a block copolymer comprising, as segments A, a polymer non-compatible with the cell electrolyte solution and, as segments B, a polymer compatible with the cell electrolyte solution. It absorbs and solidifies the cell electrolyte solution. A smallest unit of the block copolymer is A-B-A.    USE - For cell electrolyte solution and cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solidifying material can be formed into a thin film or sheet of uniform thickness and can easily absorb and solidify the electrolyte solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solidifying material for a cell electrolyte solution is a block copolymer comprising, as segments A, a polymer non-compatible with the cell electrolyte solution and, as segments B, a polymer compatible with the cell electrolyte solution. It absorbs and solidifies the cell electrolyte solution. A smallest unit of the block copolymer is A-B-A, and to each of the segments B, at least one group consisting of carboxyl group, ester group, hydroxyl group, sulfonic group, amino group, cyclic carbonate group or polyoxyalkylene group is bonded via a -S- bond or a -C- bond.
NOVELTY - Metal oxide dispersion liquid for dye-sensitized solar cells contains metal oxide fine particles, a binder and a solvent.    USE - The dispersion is used in the production of a dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is lightweight, flexible and stable. A porous metal oxide film is formed over a sheet-like electrode without sintering at a high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) the manufacture of a photoactive electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells by forming a metal oxide film on a sheet-like electrode by evaporating solvent after coating the dispersion liquid on a sheet-like electrode; (2) the photoactive electrode; (3) a dye-sensitized solar cell including the photoactive electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the detailed structure of the solar cell. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Conductive Film (2)    Metal Oxide Film (3)    Sensitizing Dye (4)    Electrolyte Layer (5)    Catalyst Layer (6)    Conductive Film (7)    Electrode Base Material (8)    Sheet Electrode (9)    Photoactive Electrode (10)    Dye Electrode (11)    Counter Electrode (12)
NOVELTY - Providing improved batteries by preventing capacity loss in battery cells with sulphur-containing cathodes and by preventing degradation of the surface of a lithium electrode in such cells.    USE - The invention is used for both primary and rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries used for portable electronic devices, e.g. cellular phones, and laptop computers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention exhibits improved storage and increased discharge capacity over cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery cell electrolyte comprises a main solvent of an electrolyte solvent mixture of formula R1(CH2CH2O)nR2, and an oxidizing agent additive which is not more than 40 wt.% of the electrolyte solvent mixture.    n = 1-10;    R1, R2 = optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted alkoxy.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) a negative electrode comprising a lithium material (118), and a film coating of the lithium material, formed by treating the lithium material with an oxidizing agent prior to incorporation of the electrode to a battery cell;    (b) a battery cell comprising a negative lithium electrode, a positive electrode comprising an electrochemically active material, and an electrolyte;and    (c) making a protected lithium electrode battery cell comprising treating a lithium material with an oxidizing agent to form a negative electrode having a protective film, forming a positive electrode comprising an electrochemically active material, and combining the negative and positive electrodes with an electrolyte following the treating of the lithium material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic illustration of a lithium electrode.    Lithium material (118)
NOVELTY - A bipolar plate producing composition comprises electrically conducting particles of carbon and graphite, a bonding agent, and an internal mold release agent for promoting separation of the mold from the bipolar plate upon completion of the compression molding operation.    USE - For producing bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows an increased rate of plate production. The need to apply an external mold release agent between each compression step is eliminated, thus productivity is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bipolar plate producing composition for a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell comprises electrically conducting particles of carbon and graphite, a bonding agent suitable for adhering the electrically conducting carbon and graphite particles together upon compression molding of the composition. An internal mold release agent promotes separation of the mold from the bipolar plate upon completion of the compression molding operation. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for producing a bipolar plate for a PEM fuel cell, comprising forming a mixture comprising electrically conducting carbon/graphite particles, a bonding agent, and a mold release agent' introducing the mixture into a mold suitable for compression molding the bipolar plate; and pressing the mixture into the mold at a temperature sufficient to melt the bonding agent and activate the mold release agent.
NOVELTY - A chamber (180) has a cathode (105) and an anode (110), and a semiconductor (135) is exposed to inert gas injected through a gas intake opening. The particles of semiconductor dislodged by positively charged ions of inert gas, are deposited on plastic substrate (170), to form a thin film. Energy from a laser source simultaneously anneals the thin film without damaging the substrate.    USE - For laser assisted deposition used to manufacture solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Irregularity in film is eliminated as the deposited layer is annealed at higher temperature. The temperature rise in substrate is minimized as less energy is used to anneal thin film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Thin film deposition method;    (2) Solar cells manufacturing method; and    (3) Solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a typical system using a parallel plate DC magnetron used to sputter deposit thin films.    Cathode (105)    Anode (110)    Semiconductor (135)    Plastic substrate (170)    Chamber (180)
NOVELTY - In optically transparent, mechanically stable, elastic, thermoplastic polyvinylacetal film containing plasticizers, which is especially suitable for electrochromic laminated safety glass, the film is polyvinylbutyral film modified with salts that can dissociate into ions, so that the film has an ion conductivity greater than 10-8 S/cm.    USE - The film is used in electrochromic laminated safety glass (claimed). It is also useful in lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Some existing polymer for use in electrochromic systems and other electrochemical devices lack ultraviolet stability and are also thermally, chemically and electrochemically unstable and cannot be used as both electrochromic systems and the intermediate layer of laminated safety glass. The present films combine the ion conductivity needed for electrochromy with those needed for laminated safety glass, e.g. mechanical stability, high adhesion to glass and high tear and tensile strength, giving protection against shattering. They also have good transparency, light resistance and elasticity and optimum adhesion to glass and are not toxic.
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has an electrolyte-electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte film and a pair of electrodes sandwiching the polymer electrolyte film, and a pair of conductive separators sandwiching the electrolyte-electrode assembly.    USE - Used as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A gas diffusion layer is obtained having a water retention property without sacrificing gas permeability. Without sacrificing the battery properties, a reduction of water supply, an improvement of response properties to load change and secondary characteristics of e.g. the cooling effect by the latent heat of evaporation are imparted.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode has a catalyst layer contacted to the electrolyte film and a gas diffusion layer comprising a conductive carbon fibre sheet contacted to the catalyst layer. The gas diffusion layer has a gas passage which uses the electrolyte film side as a lower surface. The properties of the carbon fibres composing the lower surface of the gas passage are different from those carbon fibres composing the side wall of the gas passage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 2 shows the fabric of the carbon fibre raw fibres for a porous electrode.    Protrusions (11)    Grooves (12)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical device comprises at least two capacitor electrodes. Each capacitor electrode comprises a conductive material. At least 10 % of the surface area of the conductive material is an edge plane.    USE - The electrochemical device is a flow-through capacitor for removing ions from an aqueous medium. It can also be a battery or a capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical device with many edges, points, corners, or fractal surfaces exhibits greater capacitance per unit volume or mass amount of capacitor electrode material, than a device having material with surface area that is predominantly basal plane. It has a single electrode capacitance of at least 20 farads/cm3 of electric material and at least 5 micro-farads/cm2 of surface area. The flow-through capacitor is able to remove at least 90 % of the ions in an aqueous solution of 0.01 M sodium chloride flowing through at least 1 ml per minute per gram of carbon (conductive material) at 2 V.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (I) a method of removing ions from an aqueous medium by providing the electrochemical device; allowing an electric current to flow between two capacitor electrodes; and allowing a source of aqueous medium to flow through the device; and    (II) a method of making an electrochemical device by providing at least two capacitor electrodes; and positioning a source of electrical current to provide electrical connection between each capacitor electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an electrochemical device of the invention in which a stacked layer of electrodes are separated by spacer layers and perpendicular through holes form channels for the flow of fluid.    spacer layer (8)    capacitor electrode (16)
NOVELTY - The plate comprises of a light metal selected from aluminum, magnesium, and mixtures thereof. The surfaces of the gas flow channels are hydrophobic.    USE - For use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Provides desired conductivity and withstands corrosive environments typically found in fuel cells. Mass produced in rapid and inexpensive manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross sectional view of the bipolar plate.
NOVELTY - Multiple recesses (3,3A) are cut in an EVA film (2). High load plating baths (4,4A) are formed connecting the recesses.    USE - For solar cells such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Degassing defect during damage of cell is prevented reliably. Extrusion of EVA resin is prevented, hence productivity can be increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view and top view of the sealing membrane. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    EVA film (2)    Recesses (3,3A)    High load plating baths (4,4A)
NOVELTY - An impregnation roller (3) provided in a polymer impregnation tank (2), is rotated so that an electrode sheet (1) provided on both sides of a strip-shaped collector is impregnated with the polymer solution (5). The solution (5) with bubbles overflowing from the tank (2) through an outlet (7) during rotation of the roller, is collected to a storage tank (4). The collected solution is fed to the tank (2) through a feed pipe (8).    USE - For portable electronic device, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As polymer solution with bubbles overflowing from the impregnation tank is collected in the storage tank, bubbles can be removed effectively, thus battery manufacturing yield is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the polymer impregnation tank. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode sheet (1)    Polymer impregnation tank (2)    Impregnation roller (3)    Storage tank (4)    Polymer solution (5)    Outlet (7)    Feed pipe (8)
NOVELTY - The lower end of a suspension plate (10) attached to a holder (3a), is welded to upper end of a plate (11). A bilayered protection sheet (20) obtained by copolymerizing polyolefin and unsaturated carboxylic acid, is adhered on the welded portion (12).    USE - For supporting plate in electrolytic cell used for electrolytic refining.    ADVANTAGE - By usage of the protection sheet, the welding portion of the suspension plate is prevented from directly contacting the vapor of the electrolyte, hence corrosion of the welding portion is prevented. The water resistance, acid resistance and the adhesive property of the protection sheet are improved and the protection function is ensured over longer period. The abrasion and peeling of the protection sheet are prevented and durability and life span of the sheet are increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of an electrolytic cell having the support structure.    Holder (3a)    Suspension plate (10)    Plate (11)    Welded portion (12)    Bilayered protection sheet (20)
NOVELTY - The processed surface of a passive state metal (1) is covered by high hardness particles (3) and noble metal (4) on its either sides. An ultrasonic wave is radiated to vibrate the high hardness particles that collide with the passive state metal to remove the surface oxide film and to coat the surface of the metal with the noble metal.    USE - For treating the carbon surface of separator used in solid polymer fuel cell used in motor vehicle and electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the passive state metal are treated using ultrasonic waves, a low contact resistance property of the solid polymer fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the surface treatment method of carbon present in the passive state metal.    Passive state metal (1)    High hardness particles (3)    Noble metal (4)
NOVELTY - Plastic moulding materials (I) based on polyarylene sulfide and/or liquid crystalline plastic contain carbon black with a specific surface of 500-1500 m2/g and a dibutyl phthalate number of 100-700 ml/100 g together with graphite with a specific surface of 1-35 m2/g and/or metal powder.    USE - For the production of moulded products, film and fibres, especially moulded bipolar plates, end plates or parts of end plates for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The combination of carbon black with graphite and/or metal powder has a synergistic affect, enabling the production of conductive plastic moulding materials with (a) better electrical and thermal conductivity, better flow properties and better mechanical properties than those of conventional carbon black compounds and (b) lower density and higher strength than graphite compounds (with similar electrical and thermal conductivity).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for increasing the conductivity of plastic moulding materials as above by the incorporation of carbon black and graphite and/or metal powder as described;    (b) bipolar plates, end plates or parts of end plates containing (I) for use in fuel cells;    (c) methods for the production of these plates from (I) by compression moulding or by combining the compounding and processing into a single-stage process.
NOVELTY - The support guide for solid electrolyte, consists of a laminated non-woven fabric made of layers containing gelable fiber with a non-aqueous solvent and fiber excluding gelable fiber, with the same non-aqueous solvent.    USE - Support guide for solid electrolyte used in non-aqueous secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables high electric conductivity by preventing short circuits. Provides excellent mechanical strength, since laminated non-woven fabric is equipped with gelable fiber layer.
NOVELTY - A porous surface layer (306) of a support plate (308) contains an inorganic material as a sealing material. The sealing material consists of organic resin compositions with melt flow-rate of about 0.5-50 g/10min in 190 degrees-Celsius and test load of about 2.16 kgf.    USE - For sealing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The bonding strength of the sealing material is improved by the porous layer containing inorganic material. Thereby, a long-term reliability in photovoltaic cell is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a detailed descriptional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    porous surface layer (306)    support plate (308)
NOVELTY - The water solar heater comprises a solar energy collector with hot and cold water entries and outlets, a resistor and a thermostat (5). A breather pipe (6) supplements the glass fibre collector with aluminum panels and copper pipes. The water mixer, of glass fibre, incorporates a PVC pipe (01), a copper pipe (02) a hot and cold water valve (03) and a shower (04).    USE - In civil engineering.
NOVELTY - A gel-type polymer electrolyte, where the polymer comprises: (A) an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or a derivative and (B) a polyalkylene oxide having a hydroxyl group at one terminal or a derivative which are bonded together by an ester bond.    USE - The gel-type polymer electrolyte is useful for polymer type lithium cells.    ADVANTAGE - The gel-type polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, and provides a cell which has excellent charge/discharge characteristics at low temperatures as well as high temperatures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure is a perspective view of a test cell for measuring the ionic conductivity and lithium ion transport number of the polymer electrolytes.
NOVELTY - A photoelectrode contains a transparent conductive layer laminated at least on one surface with optical semiconductor composite film (5). The film contains a porous polymer film (1) on optical semiconductor support. The porosity (1a) of the polymer film is connected to the external surface.    USE - For photogalvanic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Flexibility of the semiconductor layer is stabilized, while maintaining the porosity of the porous polymer film stably. A thick optical semiconductor layer can be formed that can support a lot of optical semiconductors. Baking of the porous polymer film can be carried out at high temperature when the optical semiconductor is used as a support, thus enhancing the adherence degree of optical semiconductors. Contact resistance is reduced and photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased. The adhesion of optical semiconductor particles on optical semiconductors is increased, such that diffusion of electrolyte in the optical semiconductor becomes easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Optical semiconductor composite film containing a porous polymer film with its porosity connected to external surface, on optical semiconductor support, which is obtained by coating or impregnating optical semiconductor (2) containing liquid to a porous membrane and baking it at 200degreesC; and    (2) Photogalvanic cell containing the photoelectrode and a counter electrode provided opposite to the optical semiconductor composite film of the photoelectrode, and an electrolyte is filled between the photoelectrode and the counter electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the optical semiconductor composite film.    Porous polymer film (1)    Porosity (1a)    Optical semiconductor (2)    Optical semiconductor composite film (5)
NOVELTY - A water electrolysis component comprises a redox electrolyte aqueous solution that contains redox electrolyte containing a water-soluble polymer.    USE - In photoelectric cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric cell containing the electrolysis component is durable, safe, stable and has a very high photoelectric-conversion ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photoelectric cell that uses the water electrolysis component.
NOVELTY - The module has sealing material film (202) laminated on either surface of a transparent substrate (201). The sealing material film contains ethylene vinyl acetate polymer in which 20-26 weight percentage of vinyl acetate content is provided and melt flow rate is 0.8-4 g/10min.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell module is cheap and is excellent in reliability and productivity, over a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for rotor cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of solar cell module.    Transparent substrate (201)    Sealing material film (202)
NOVELTY - The non-electrolyte lithium battery has a sheet (2) with a metal layer (3) arranged in between a thermoplastic resin lamination layer (4). The resin layer seals a portion of an electrode terminal (1) and has water trapping agent.    USE - Non aqueous electrolytic lithium battery for mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - A highly reliable non-aqueous electrolytic lithium battery is obtained as entry of water into the battery is prevented by provision of thermoplastic resin lamination layer having water trapping agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of non-aqueous electrolytic lithium battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode terminal (1)    Water trapping agent (2)    Metal layer (3)    Thermoplastic resin lamination layer (4)
NOVELTY - A gaseous diffusion layer (24) is arranged between a cathode catalyst layer (22) and a cathode side separation plate (60). Water retention and flow of oxidizing agent gas is higher in a region (24B) of the gaseous diffusion layer, when compared with that of the region (24A).    USE - For power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Gaseous diffusion property is improved over the entire region of solid polymer film and electrode catalyst layer. Therefore, high performance of power generation is carried out.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional model of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cathode catalyst layer (22)    Gaseous diffusion layer (24)    Regions of gaseous diffusion layer (24A,24B)    Cathode side separation plate (60)
NOVELTY - Thermoset composition comprises: (1) a functionalized poly(arylene ether); (2) an alkenyl aromatic monomer; (3) an acryloyl monomer; and (4) a conductive agent.    USE - Thermoset composition useful in the fabrication of a variety of conductive components of electrochemical cell including the bipolar plates of fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Thermoset composition provides fast curing, reduced curing rate oxygen sensitivity, high toughness, high stiffness, high heat resistance, high moisture absorption resistance, and high conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of preparing a thermoset composition which comprises:    (1) blending a functionalized poly(arylene ether);    (2) an alkenyl aromatic monomer;    (3) an acryloyl monomer; and    (4) a conductive agent to form an intimate blend.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte battery comprising a battery element having positive and negative poles wrapped through a polymer electrolyte, wherein a section of the battery element normal to the wrapping axis is curved, whereby, as compared with a polymer electrolyte battery with its planar battery element curved, the possibility of the electrode ends being shorted is very low and the battery has better battery characteristics.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an ion exchange membrane positioned between the first and second electrodes. The second electrode is formed from a carbon material consisting of fullerene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanofiber, or metal encapsulated fullerene.    USE - For stationary and portable power applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a safe, efficient and cost effective fuel cell that is suitable for mass production. It eliminates the need for complicated gas feeding and extracting circulation systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for generating electricity from a fuel cell comprising directing oxygen to the one electrode, and directing hydrogen to the other electrode.
NOVELTY - Polymer solid electrolyte comprises a solid formed by photopolymerization of a photopolymerizable composition which contains (a) an electrolyte and (b) a polymerizable compound having a polyoxyalkylene chain. The composition contains a photopolymerizable maleimide compound.    USE - The electrolyte is used in the production of lithium ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, electrical double layer capacitors, electrochromic elements, solar cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte shows an ionic conductivity of a useful level, and a photopolymerization initiator is not used. Charge-discharge capacity of the electrolyte is little reduced by repeated charge-discharge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a battery where the polymer solid electrolyte is interposed between the electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the lithium ion secondary cell using the electrolyte.    Positive Electrode (1)    Electrolyte (2)    Negative Electrode (3)    Accumulator (4)    Spacer (5)    Insulating Resin Sealing Agent (6)    Insulating Resin Sealing Agent (7)    Lead Wire (8)
NOVELTY - Multiple layered gas diffusion layer contains buffer layers (2) for controlling gas and water management between a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer (3).    USE - Used in hydrogen-operated and/or reformate-operated fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Gas and water management can be easily controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a membrane electrode arrangement, comprising:    forming a suspension containing carbon and/or carbon-containing material, a hydrophobic polymer and a liquid;    applying a suspension to form a buffer layer on a gas diffusion layer containing no hydrophobic polymer, and drying;    heat treating the layers at 300-450. preferably 370-420 degrees C;    producing a suspension to form a further buffer layer containing a hydrophobic polymer, carbon and/or carbon-containing material and a liquid;    applying the suspension to the buffer layer and drying; heat treating the layers at 300-450. preferably 370-420 degrees C;    electrochemically depositing the catalyst and/or catalyst layer to the buffer layer furthest away from the gas diffusion layer; and placing the electrode in 0.1 M H2SO4.    Preferred Features: The buffer layers contains carbon and/or carbon-containing material and a hydrophobic polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the membrane electrode arrangement.    Carbon paper (1)    Buffer layer (2)    Buffer layer (3)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (4)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic solution is retained in a polymer electrolytic base material.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used for electrochemical devices, including the nonaqueous secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The aromatic high-molecular compound having a rigid molecular chain and high mechanical strength is uniformly dispersed to form a crystalline in part of the aromatic high-molecular compound. The reactive functional groups of the aromatic high-molecular compound form the crosslinking structure to form an interpenetrating polymer network. The resulting polymer electrolyte has enhanced mechanical strength. The crosslinked body of the aromatic high-molecular compound inhibits no ion conductivity to provide the polymer electrolyte with enhanced ion conductivity. The nonaqueous secondary battery has superior capacity, cyclic life, and assures high safety generating no internal short circuit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolytic base material is formed of at least an ion conductive high-molecular compound (A) and an aromatic high-molecular compound (B) having two or more reactive functional groups. The aromatic high-molecular compound (B) forms a crosslinking structure by a compound (C) having a functional group capable of reacting with the reactive functional groups of the aromatic high-molecular compound (B).
NOVELTY - Polymer gel electrolyte forming composition comprises mono-vinyl monomers-(A) and polyvinyl monomers-(B). Monomers-(A) contain alkyl(metha)acrylate or alkoxypolyethyleneglycol (metha)acrylate. Monomers-(B) contain di(metha)acrylate which has urethane groups.    USE - For batteries or capacitors, especially electrical double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The composition holds a larger amount of an electrolyte solution. It is immobilized to gel after it is put into a casing of capacitors.
NOVELTY - Polymer gel electrolyte forming composition comprises mono-vinyl monomers (A) and polyvinyl monomers (B). Monomers (A) contain hydroxyl containing mono(metha)acrylate (a1) or carboxyl group containing mono(metha)acrylate (a2). Monomers (B) contain (metha)acrylate (b) having at least two functional groups.    USE - For batteries or capacitors, especially aluminum electrolytic capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The composition holds a larger amount of an electrolyte solution, having an improved heat resistance.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte contains an electrolytic solution and a high-molecular crosslinked structure.    USE - The solid electrolyte is used for the non-aqueous electrolytic solution-based battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte has no decrease in capacity after repeated charge and discharge. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution-based battery is prevented from solution leakage and has high versatility of a possible shape and high battery performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid electrolyte contains an electrolytic solution and a high-molecular crosslinked structure. The high-molecular crosslinked structure has a degree of crosslinking of formula (1) of 7.6 x 10-4 - 2.5 x 10-3.    SIGMA(nright arrowi=1) ((si-1) x (pi/Fi)) (1)    Where:    n = number of monomers used as a precursor for high-molecular crosslinked structure;    Fi = molecular weight of i-th monomer;    si = number of polymerizable double bonds contained in molecule of i-th monomer;    pi = mass ratio of i-th monomer to total mass of entire monomers; sum of pi from i = 1 to n = 1.
NOVELTY - A molded thin product which is made from an amorphous resin composition and has a thinnest part with a thickness of 0.5 mm or less is obtained by filling a cavity of a mold with a mixture of an amorphous resin composition in a molten state and carbon dioxide pressurized at 1 MPa or higher.    USE - The molded thin products obtained can be used as housings for secondary batteries and storage media (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The dimensional precision and productivity of molded thin products can be improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) molded thin products which are housings of secondary batteries; and    (b) molded thin products which are housings of storage media.
NOVELTY - A heat-shrinkable polystyrene group tube consists of a blend of 90-50 weight% (wt.%) of high impact polystyrene in which conjugated diene group hydrocarbon polymer particle is dispersed, and 10-50 wt.% of olefinic polymer mainly comprising olefin hydrocarbon, and has shrinkage percentage in 100degreesC hot water for 30 seconds of 40% or less and 40% or more along length and radial directions, respectively.    USE - For outside coating of a lithium ion secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The heat shrinkable polystyrene group tube has excellent resistance to chemical, such as organic solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A heat-shrinkable polystyrene group tube consists of a blend of 90-50 weight% (wt.%) of high impact polystyrene in which conjugated diene group hydrocarbon polymer particle is dispersed, and 10-50 wt.% of olefinic polymer mainly comprising olefin hydrocarbon, and has shrinkage percentage in 100degreesC hot water for 30 seconds of 40% or less and 40% or more along length and radial directions, respectively. The tube is formed by tabular drawing at a draw ratio of 1-1.7 times and 1.7-4 times along length and radial directions, respectively. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Manufacture of the heat shrinkable polystyrene group tube which involves extruding the blend of polystyrene and olefinic polymer in the shape of a tube from a cyclic die of an extruder, followed by tabular drawing the obtained tube; and    (2) Lithium ion secondary battery which has heat shrinkable polystyrene group tube in peripheral surface of a negative plate can.
NOVELTY - Electrochemical compositions comprise a perfluoropolyether additive (I).    USE - For use in electrochemical systems, e.g. lithium batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The additives improve the wettability of electrodes and separation membranes of an electrochemical system without negatively affecting the chemical and thermal stability of the cell and its performance in conductivity terms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrochemical compositions comprise a perfluoropolyether additive of formula (I).    d-f = integers;    a-c = 0 or integers;    T = -CF2X, -C3F7, -CF(CF3)COO-(1/n)M, -CF2COO (1/n)M, or -CF2C(O(1/n)M)2CF3;    X = F, CF3 or Cl;    M = cation having valence 1-4 (preferably Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+. Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+; metal cations of group IIIA, e.g. Al3+; transition metal cation, e.g. Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ti4+, or Cu2+; tetraalkylammonium NR4+ cations; or trialkylammonium NR3+ cations); and    R = H or linear or branched 1-4C alkyl.    The a-f units are statistically distributed along the chain, a+b+c+d+e+f such that the number average molecular weight is 500-5 x 10 to the power 5, preferably 1,000-50,000.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) Electrochemical system comprising the electrolytic compositions; and    (b) Perfluoropolyether additives.
NOVELTY - New trifluorostyrene fluorinated monomer is produced using easily-available compounds containing fluorine. The process includes nitration, diazotization and iodination followed by coupling with trifluorobromethylene (sic) to obtain the fluorinated monomer.    USE - The monomer can be copolymerized and sulfonated with styrene, trifluorostyrene or trifluorostyrene-like derivative to prepare proton-exchange membrane for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The preparation. method is to reduce the content of hydrogen atom on tertiary carbon in molecular structure of polystyrene sulfonic acid film by halogenation reaction, nitration reaction or hydroxy substitution reaction. Said method is used to proceed modify for polystyrene sulfonic acid film to increase the chemical oxidation resistance degradation function, the proton conductivity and the alcohol resistance function of the film. thus to increase its useful life effectively and to increase the battery function. The invention modified polystyrene sulfonic acid film is suitable for application of fuel battery field particularly for direct methyl alcohol fuel battery field that proton exchanging film is required having higher alcohol resistance function.
NOVELTY - The proton exchanging film is prepared by sol-gel process to add rare-earth metal salt with two dimension layer structure and crystal water in frame of organic polymer with resemble polyoxide (PEO) cross-linked structure. The production cost is reduced effectively and the defect that proton transmitting, ability of prior proton exchanging film is limited by water yield is overcome by said obtained. proton exchanging film, thus commercialization of fuel battery is improved and use range of fuel battery is further expanded.
NOVELTY - The preparation. method includes three technology processes of diffusion layer preparation. catalytic layer preparation. and integrated forming. In the invention, carbon carried platinum catalytic agent is dispersed inorganic solvent (alcohol, ether, resin or ketone), the catalytic agent bunch can be dispersed uniformly by ultrasonic, then polymer electrolyte is added and dispersed by ultrasonic, the polymer electrolyte is used as adhesive to cohered catalytic and proton exchanging film since that polymer electrolyte is easy to be absorbed on surface of carbon carried platinum catalytic agent, and also is used as proton conductor to extend three-phase reaction interface. The used quality of platinum is reduced obviously, PTFE material is saved, preparation. technology is simple and the electrochemistry function is increased.
NOVELTY - A process for synthesizing a proton exchange resin of polytrifluorestyrene type is disclosed, which is characterized by the copolymerization of three trifluorostyrene monomers with different substituents. It has 200000-2000000 of weight average molecular weight, 100000-500000 of number average molecular weight, 1.5-4.5 of dispersity, and 1.5-3.5 mmolHSO4(-)/g (resin) of ion exchange capacity.    USE - It can be used to prepare proton exchange membrane of fuel battery.
NOVELTY - A lithium polymer cell comprises an anode, a cathode and a separator, each containing a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. It further comprises an electrolyte consisting of a solvent composed of diethyl carbonate and a solute solved in the solvent and containing diphenyl ether as an additive.    USE - Lithium polymer cell.    ADVANTAGE - By using such an electrolyte, the thermal stability of a cell, when overcharged, is improved, the shutdown function is reliably activated and excellent safety is ensured.
NOVELTY - A pane of glass comprises a microstructure on both sides that can be produced e.g. by embossing. The microstructures used have a maximum peak to valley height difference of no more than 50 microns.    USE - The arrangement is used as a pane of glass for solar applications e.g. photovoltaic and thermal cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improved transmittance is achieved by placing an anti glare layer on the glass pane.
NOVELTY - Production of a catalyst-coated membrane comprises preparing an electrocatalyst coating composition (11) comprising an electrocatalyst and an ion exchange polymer in a liquid medium. Raised relief printing of the electrocatalyst coating composition is performed on a first surface of an ion exchange membrane, such that at least one electrode layer covering at least a part of the surface of the membrane is formed.    USE - For use in direct methanol fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Industrial manufacture of the catalyst coated membrane is performed efficiently. The liquid medium for the catalyst coating composition has sufficiently low boiling point, such that rapid drying of electrode layers is possible under the process conditions employed. Solvents with the capability to swell the ion exchange membrane provides better contact and more secure application of the electrode to the membrane. A coating composition with excellent printing properties, is obtained. The product is stored in roll form which facilitates handling and/or subsequent processing operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view showing the use of flexographic proof press equipment to form electrodes on one side of a discrete length of membrane.    Coating composition (11)
NOVELTY - Process for assembling a polymer membrane in a fuel cell (1a, 1b) comprises partially stretching the membrane (4) before assembly to achieve the prescribed assembly dimensions.    USE - Used in the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane can be easily handled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: the membrane used in the process; and a fuel cell containing the membrane. Preferred Features: The membrane used has basic dimensions which are small enough to achieve the assembly dimensions and having a moisture corresponding to the operational state in the fuel cell and the mechanical extension to achieve the assembly dimensions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell stack.    fuel cells (1a, 1b)    membrane (4)    anode (5)    cathode (6)
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery containing gel type polymeric electrolyte is provided, which is prepared by polymerization in the battery and has excellent ion conductibility, electrochemical stability, etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lithium secondary battery includes (i) an electrode assembly having a cathode, an anode and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode, (ii) a gel type polymeric electrolyte comprising 100 wt.% of a prepolymer of a copolymer composed of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, 100 to 3000 wt.% of dicarbonate and 100 to 1500 wt.% of organic liquid electrolyte containing lithium salts, and (iii) a case having the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. The separator is formed nonwoven fabrics of polyolefins or polyesters. The solvent containing lithium salts comprises 0.7 to 1 mole of LiPF6 dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate in a ratio of 1:1.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte composition containing polymers of acrylate monomer is provided which is prepared by polymerization in the battery and has excellent ion conductibility, electrochemical stability, mechanical properties and interface stability. Also, a lithium secondary battery using the electrolyte composition is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte composition comprises (a) one or a mixture of two or more of acrylate monomers represented by formula 1, in which: R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and R2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (b) a cross-linker of polyethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate represented by formula 2, in which R1 hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and n is 1 to 3000, (c) a polymerization initiator and (d) an organic solvent containing lithium salts. The molar ratio of the acrylate monomers and the cross-linker to the organic solvent containing lithium salts rate is 1:0.1 to 1:30.
NOVELTY - A hybrid organic solar cell is produced by introducing a semiconducting oxide layer (SOL) through thermal deposition.    USE - For producing a hybrid organic solar cell (claimed) useful in terrestrial applications.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method using the SOL improves the efficiency of the organic solar cells due to the enhancement of an electron transport to an anode. It provides an organic solar cell which is both inexpensive to produce and sufficiently efficient as to be promising in view of future terrestrial applications. The solar cell can further be produced on the flexible substrates.
(CN1330417-A)   NOVELTY - A coating solution is prepared by dissolving a conductive polymer in a solvent. The coating solution obtained is applied on a lithium complex metal oxide, to prepare a positive active material.    USE - For preparing positive active material used for lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The coating solution of conductive polymer is coated easily and uniformly on metal oxide surface, to form positive active material. The active material excels in electrochemical characteristics, particularly at elevated temperatures. The lithium secondary battery comprising the positive active material has good cyclic characteristics at high temperature. The decrease in volume of active material, is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing cycle characteristics of lithium secondary battery comprising the positive active material.
NOVELTY - Multilayered UV-cured polymer blend electrolyte comprising a separator film, UV-cured polymer electrolyte, and an organic electrolyte solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent.    USE - The UV-cured polymer blend electrolyte is useful for fabricating various types of lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The UV-cured polymer blend electrolyte is superior in adhesive property to an electrode, compatibility with an organic electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, and has an improved processability in fabrication of a battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A multilayered UV-cured polymer blend electrolyte comprises:    (A) a separator film layer formed of a polymer electrolyte, PP, PE, PVdF, or a non-woven fabric;    (B) a UV-cured polymer electrolyte layer comprising:    (1) a polymer obtained by curing an ethyleneglycoldi(meth)acrylate oligomer of formula (I), with UV irradiation;    (2) at least one polymer selected from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), PVdf and PVC polymers; and    (C) an organic electrolyte solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent.    CH2=CR1COO(CH2CH2O)nCOCR2=CH2 (I)    R1 and R2 = H or methyl; and    n = 3-20.
NOVELTY - A UV-cured multi-component polymer blend electrolyte comprises a function-I polymer, a function-II polymer, a function-III polymer, and an organic electrolyte solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent.    USE - The UV-cured polymer blend electrolyte is useful for fabricating various types of lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The UV-cured polymer blend electrolyte is superior in adhesive property to an electrode, compatibility with an organic electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, and has an improved processability in fabrication of a battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A UV-cured multi-component polymer blend electrolyte comprises:    (A) a function-I polymer obtained by curing an ethyleneglycoldi(metha)acrylate oligomer of formula (I) by UV irradiation;;    (B) a function-II polymer selected from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and mixtures;    (C) a function-III polymer selected from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and mixtures; and    (D) an organic electrolyte solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent.    CH2=CR1COO(CH2CH2O)nCOCR2=CH2 (I)    R1 and R2 = H or methyl; and    n = 3-20.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte has at least an acid polymer having acid groups, an at least divalent or more basic compound crosslinking the acid polymer, and an organic electrolytic solution.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used for the lithium secondary battery. The method produces the lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The organic electrolytic solution is held on the crosslinked body. The acid polymer is gelatinized by the organic electrolytic solution. The results hold the organic electrolytic solution without dissociating the polymer and the basic compound, or the polymers. The resulting polymer electrolyte has superior heat resistance. Crosslinking the acid polymer with the basic compound, or the polymers destroys no crosslinked structure at high temperatures. The crosslinking is formed by the acid basic compound. The result exhibits a very high rate of reaction. The crosslinked structure is uniformly formed, evolving no insufficient crosslinking.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic electrolytic solution is formed by dissolving a lithium salt in an aprotic solvent. The acid polymer is crosslinked by the basic compound to form a crosslinked body. The organic electrolytic solution is held on the crosslinked body. At least the acid polymer is gelatinized by the organic electrolytic solution.
NOVELTY - New polymer gel solid electrolyte composition comprises: (A) a polyether copolymer; and (B) a compound having at least three ethylenic unsaturated bondings or a melamine compound having ethylenic unsaturated bondings.    USE - For electronics devices including batteries, capacitors, or electrochromic displays.    ADVANTAGE - The new composition has higher ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, flexibility, and heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New polymer gel solid electrolyte composition comprises:    (A) a polyether copolymer comprises monomers of formulas (I) and (II) having repeating units of formulas (III) and (IV); and    (B) a compound having at least three ethylenic unsaturated bondings or a melamine compound having ethylenic unsaturated bondings.    R1 = 1-12C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, 6-14C aryl, 7-12C aralkyl, or tetrahydropyranyl group; and    l = 1-12.
NOVELTY - Hydrophilic coating film has surfactant on film surface comprising protein.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cells and heat exchangers.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrophilic coating film improves durability of heat exchanger and solid polymeric type fuel cell, for a long time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Manufacture of hydrophilic coating film which involves forming a coating film by applying a solution containing protein and surfactant on base, and laminating the formed coating film on film surface comprising protein;    (ii) Solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell consisting of solid polymeric electrolyte film (21) clamped between fuel electrode (22) and oxidizing electrode (23). Separators (24) with gas conduction-path (25) facing electrodes (22,23) are arranged on outer surface of electrodes (22,23). The separators have cooling water conduction path (26) on outer surface. The oxidizing gas flows through the gas conduction path of separator. The inner surface of gas conduction path of the separator is provided with hydrophilic coating film;    (iii) Heat exchanger comprising combustion chamber facing a burner. The combustion chamber has passage for high temperature gas. The inner surface of the passage is equipped with several fins having hydrophilic coating film on surface. The outer surface of the passage has pipes circulating coolant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of solid polymer type fuel cell.    Solid polymeric electrolyte film (21)    Fuel electrode (22)    Oxidizing electrode (23)    Separator (24)    Gas conduction path (25)    Cooling water conduction path (26)    Hydrophilic coating film (28)
NOVELTY - A proton-conductive polymer film comprises a polymer compound using repeat units which have proton-conductive substituent groups in parts of the aromatic units as a structural component. The solubility of the polymer compound at room temperature in methanol is at most 0.01 or the solubility at 5degreesC in N-methyl-pyrrolidone is at most 5%.    USE - Used as a film for solid polymer fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The proton-conductive polymer film shows a high proton conductivity and the kind used as a fuel of the fuel cell is selectable. The film has good mechanical characteristics and film damage due to film dimensional changes under fuel cell production environment is controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A proton-conductive polymer film comprises a polymer compound using repeat units which have proton-conductive substituent groups in parts of the aromatic units as a structural component. The solubility of the polymer compound at room temperature in methanol is at most 0.01 or the solubility at 5degreesC in N-methyl-pyrrolidone is at most 5%.    The polymer compound has repeat units of formula -(-Ar1-SOx-)- (I)    Ar1 = a divalent aromatic unit; and    x = an integer 0-2.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a film for fuel cells comprising the proton-conductive polymer film;    (ii) a solid polymer fuel cell using the proton-conductive polymer film; and    (iii) the manufacture of the proton-conductive polymer film comprising contacting a polymer film comprising a polymer compound having repeat units (I) with a sulfonating agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 3 shows a unit cell using the proton-conductive polymer film.    Proton conductive polymer film (1)    Fuel supply path (2)    Oxidizing agent supply path (3)    Catalyst layer (4)    Electrode (5)    Separator (6)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic material consists of a copolymer containing a repeating unit based on a monomer and a repeating unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and has an ion exchange capacity of 0.9-1.5 (milli equivalent/gram in dried resin).    USE - The electrolytic material is used for the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolytic material has ion conductivity and durability equivalent to those inherent in conventional electrolytic materials and is available at lower costs with short-term processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolytic material consists of a copolymer containing a repeating unit based on a monomer of formula (1) and a repeating unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and has an ion exchange capacity of 0.9-1.5 (milli equivalent/gram in dried resin).
NOVELTY - A new binder composition for the electrodes of lithium ion batteries comprises: (1) a polymer having a structural unit derived from conjugated diene; (2) a fluoro polymer having a structural unit of specific formula; and (3) water.    USE - The composition is used as a binder in the electrodes of lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The new binder composition has improved adhesion, binding effectively electrode active materials and/or electrode active material and current collectors, providing batteries with improved charge-discharge cycle performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new binder composition for the electrodes of lithium ion batteries comprises:    (1) a polymer having a structural unit derived from conjugated diene;    (2) a fluoro polymer having a structural unit of formula (1-I); and    (3) water.    R1 = hydrogen atom or methyl group; and    R2 = fluorine atom containing 1-18C hydrocarbon group.
NOVELTY - Sulfonic acid ionic group-containing polyazole resin comprises at least 1.5 meq/g of an ionic group, wherein logarithmic viscosity at 25 degreesC in methane sulfonic acid solution or 0.05 dl/g is at least 0.1 dl/g and weight loss immersed in water at 25 degreesC is up to 5%.    USE - The product is used in solid electrolytes for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Product gives a film with durability, keeping its form in a thermostat at 80 degreesC and 95% RH.
NOVELTY - A substrate film consists of an organic-inorganic polymer hybrid film.    USE - The substrate film is used for an electronic display element, electronic optical element, touch panel, or solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate film has high transparency, low water vapor permeability, and low birefringence and provides an organic electroluminescent element having long life and high contrast. A liquid crystal panel using the substrate film and display using the birefringence has less color drift.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic-inorganic polymer hybrid film uses the following as its major constituents: (a) an organic polymer having a solubility to water, 100 g, at 25 degrees C of 0-5 g, and a solubility to acetone, 100 g, of 25-100 g; and (b) a reactive metal compound capable of hydrolytic polycondensation or its hydrolyzed polycondensate.
NOVELTY - A novel ion conductive polymer comprises an ion conductive molecular chain and a borosiloxane which is linked to the ion conductive molecular chain and captures anion.    USE - The novel ion conductive polymer and the resulting ion conductor are useful for a polymeric solid electrolyte of a battery.    ADVANTAGE - The novel ion conductive polymer and the resulting ion conductor have light weight and high processability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A novel ion conductive polymer comprises an ion conductive molecular chain and a borosiloxane which has a structure of (1) in which Si and B are bonded via O.    a,b = 1,2 or 3.
NOVELTY - A new ion conductor comprises a polymer and electrolyte salt which is dispersed in the polymer. The polymer is produced by copolymerizing an ion conductive compound, a crystallization suppressing compound, and an orienting ion conductive compound.    USE - The ion conductor is used as an electrolyte for batteries, especially secondary lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The new ion conductor has improved ionic conductivity, flexibility, heat resistance, tensile strength, and film-forming property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new ion conductor comprises a polymer and electrolyte salt which is dispersed in the polymer. The polymer is given by copolymerizing an ion conductive compound, a crystallization suppressing compounds, and an orienting ion conductive compound or the polymer has formula (1).    R1 = ether, ester, sulfide, or amino bonding;    R2 = 4-120C steric compound group;    R3 = cyclo-compound group which has nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or non-metal element as its ring-forming member;    X = 1-120;    Y = 1-140;    Z = 8-240; and    Q = 1-58,000.
NOVELTY - The sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid group-containing polyimidazole compound has electric conductivity of 0.001 S/cm or more, when measured in 10000 Hz AC impedance at 80degreesC and 95% relative humidity. The compound solubility in N-methyl pyrrolidone is 5 weight% or more and average molecular weight is 1000-1000000. The repeating units in the compound are bonded randomly and/or in alteration.    USE - For forming film (claimed) preferably polymeric electrolyte film used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polyimidazole compound has excellent heat resistance, durability, stability, solvent resistance, mechanical characteristics, workability and ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Molding which contains sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid group-containing polyimidazole compound as main component; and    (2) Film which contains sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid group-containing polyimidazole compound as main component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows infrared spectrum of sulfonic acid-containing polybenzimidazole.
NOVELTY - A phosphonic acid-containing polyazole compound has random and/or alternating repeating units, average molecular weight of 1000-1000000, and weight reduction in temperature range of 200-400degreesC determined by thermogravimetric analysis of 3%.    USE - As an ionic group-containing polymer used for a molding such as a film, particularly a polymeric electrolyte film for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The phosphonic acid-containing polyazole compound has excellent heat resistance, dynamic characteristics and chemical resistance. The polymeric electrolyte film formed using the phosphonic acid-containing polyazole compound, has excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Molding comprising phosphonic acid-containing polyazole compound; and    (2) Film comprising phosphonic acid-containing polyazole compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the infrared spectrum of the phosphonic acid-containing polybenzimidazole synthesized from 3,3',4,4'-tetra amino diphenyl sulfone, 3,5-dicarboxy phenyl phosphonic acid and terephthalic acid. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The polyazole compound has 3% weight reduction temperature at 200degreesC rise point in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement, of 400degreesC or more. The solubility of the polyazole compound with respect to N-methyl pyrrolidone is 5 weight% or more. The average molecular weight of the polyazole compound is 1000-1000000. The repeating unit of the polyazole compound is coupled randomly and/or alternately.    USE - For molding and polymeric electrolyte film (both claimed) used in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polyazole compound has excellent heat resistance, mechanical characteristics, ionic conductivity and dynamic characteristics. The electrolyte film has excellent durability and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyazole compound has 3% weight reduction temperature based on sample weight at 200degreesC rise point in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement, of 400degreesC or more. The solubility of the polyazole compound with respect to N-methyl pyrrolidone is 5 weight% or more. The average molecular weight of the polyazole compound is 1000-1000000. The repeating unit of the polyazole compound is coupled randomly and/or alternately. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Molding; and    (2) Film    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the IR spectrum of the phosphonic acid containing polybenzimidazole.
NOVELTY - A carrier is made to support an active metal to prepare a catalyst. The catalyst is applied to a base material to prepare a catalyst carrying base material which is silanized to obtain a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cells such as polyethylene fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst oxidizes selectively carbon monoxide contained in the gas, even when the gas contains moisture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of polyethylene fuel cell apparatus which use carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The positive electrode of lithium cobaltate has microcrystalline cobalt as active material whose size is 800 Angstrom or more. The co-ordination number of cobalt crystal in the surface (003) is 5.7 or more. A solid electrolyte layer is intervened between positive and negative electrodes, which has a salt, mixed solvent and vinylidene fluoride as fluorine polymer.    USE - Lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in low temperature characteristics and cycle characteristics, as cobalt of specific microcrystal size and co-ordination number is provided. Avoids spillage of liquid and hence safety is enhanced in using lithium ion secondary battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Strip-shaped positive and negative electrodes have respective active material layers formed on both sides of a strip-shaped collector. The spiral winding of positive, negative and solid electrolyte layers is carried out along the length direction. The film thickness (B, A) of negative electrode and positive electrode is 80-250 microns range. The ratio (A/B) between film thicknesses of positive and negative electrodes is in the range of 0.4-2.2. Primary, secondary and tertiary protrusions are formed respectively at external peripheral end, inner peripheral end and lateral ends of both the anode and cathode for engagement during welding.
NOVELTY - The battery has an anode with an active material comprising Li-Co group complex oxide particles having specified surface area and specified mean particle diameter and a granular electroconductive material of grain size 2-3 microns and aspect ratio three or more. A solid electrolyte layer comprising an electrolyte, compatible solvent and vinylidene fluoride is interposed between the anode and cathode.    USE - Lithium secondary battery with low temperature characteristics.    ADVANTAGE - Since the anode has active material of specific surface area and specific mean particle diameter and the electroconductive material of specific grain size, size reduction of anode is achieved. Since the electrolyte layer consisting of the electrolyte, compatible solvent and vinylidene fluoride is used, the battery exhibits favorable low temperature characteristics and discharge voltage characteristics. Liquid spill in the battery is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electroconductive material has fibers of specified diameter. The active material of cathode of the battery is graphite. The strip-shaped anode consists of active material layer containing the active material and the electroconductive material, formed on both sides of a strip-shaped collector. The strip-shaped cathode has active material layer formed on both sides of the strip-shaped collector. The strip-shaped solid electrolyte layer is interposed between the strip-shaped anode and cathode. The electrolyte, anode and cathode are wound spirally along longitudinal direction. Thickness (B) of active material layers of cathode and thickness (A) of active material layers of anode, lie in the range of 80-250 microns. The thickness ratio (A/B) is in the range of 0.4-2.2. The primary, secondary and tertiary protrusions are formed respectively at external peripheral end, inner peripheral end and lateral ends of both the anode and cathode, for engagement during winding.
NOVELTY - A Teflon treated slurry containing mixture of carbon black, alcohol and water with 30-45 weight % of tetrafluoroethylene emulsion, is applied on a carbon cloth substrate (13) such that the application ranges from about 4-6 mg/cm2. The cloth is heated to dry and it is rolled.    USE - For manufacturing gas diffusion electrode used for producing membrane electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the Teflonized slurry is applied on the carbon cloth and it not impregnated, and it is heated to temperature above 300 degrees C, the hydrophobicity of the fuel cell is maintained. The tetrafluoroethylene of 35 weight % has lowest surface resistance which provides good electrical connection between a catalyst and the carbon black. Therefore, the charge transfer resistance of the fuel cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The rolled cloth is heated to a temperature ranging from 310-350 degrees C, to remove wetting agents from the Teflonized slurry. The cloth is cooled and rolled to form gas diffusion electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an air atomizing system for catalyzing a gas diffusion electrode.    carbon cloth substrate (13)
NOVELTY - Production of an electrical contact structure comprises forming a recess (10) in a substrate (3); depositing an electrically conducting substance on a section of the substrate containing the recess so that one section of the electrically conducting substance within the recess is not covered; and contacting the electrically conducting substance during or after deposition with an electrically conducting layer (7).    USE - Used in a solar module containing a number of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Metallization levels of multilayered circuit boards can be electrically connected to each other.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably the recess is formed up to a depth in which the electrically conducting later is arranged and the electrically conducting substance is contacted during deposition with the electrically conducting layer. The substrate is made from a support made from a glass, plastic or metal plate and a structured layer made from plastic, such as polyimide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a solar module.    Substrate (3)    Electrically conducting layer (7)    Recess (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises anode and/or cathode support plates containing hydrophilic substrate layer having pores, and a pump for creating pressure differential between the reactant gas streams and the coolant stream.    USE - For fuel cell power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents the cathode support plate from flooding, thus ensuring that the maximum amount of oxidant reactant gas reaches the cathode side of the membrane electrode assembly. It improves the electrical power output capacity of a fuel cell and increases the fuel cell's oxygen utilization, which further improves the fuel cell's operational efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly (16) disposed between anode and cathode support plates comprising hydrophilic substrate layer having pores, a water transport plate adjacent to each hydrophilic substrate layer of the support plates, a partially hydrophobic porous carbon fluoropolymer particulate composite diffusion layer disposed between the hydrophilic substrate layer and membrane electrode assembly, and a pump (30) for creating pressure differential between the reactant gas streams and the coolant stream (26) so that the pressure of each reactant gas stream is greater than that of the coolant stream. The pressure differential is more than 0-less than 2 psi. The diffusion layer comprises 10 wt.% fluoropolymer. The water transport plate has a passageway for a water stream and another passageway for a reactant gas stream (22). The membrane electrode assembly comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell power plant.    Membrane electrode assembly (16)    reactant gas stream (22)    Coolant stream (26)    Pump (30)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell comprises negative and positive electrodes. The negative electrode contains zinc, zinc oxide, gelling agent and an analyte. The zinc oxide and the gelling agent in the negative electrode are present at 2.5-11 and 0.35-0.85 wt.%, respectively.    USE - For use in high tech service applications.    ADVANTAGE - The enhanced negative electrode of the inventive electrochemical cell provides enhanced service performance at intermittent high rate discharge for high tech service applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) A negative electrode for an alkaline electrochemical cell;and    (b) A process for manufacturing the above negative electrode for alkaline electrochemical cell.
NOVELTY - A lithium battery comprises a cathode, an anode containing lithium metal or alloy, and a separator between the cathode and anode. The cathode has a cathode-active material layer comprising a cyclic bis(2,5-bis-dithio-1,4-dimethoxybenzene), conductive agent and binder.    USE - Secondary battery for portable devices.    ADVANTAGE - The battery includes organopolysulfide cathode-active material having excellent electrochemical utilization efficiency and capacity, and high reversibility of charging/discharging reaction. It is highly efficient as it has excellent capacity and cycle characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium battery comprises a cathode having an active material layer, an anode containing lithium metal or alloy, and a separator between the cathode and anode. The cathode-active material layer comprises a cyclic bis(2,5-bis-dithio-1,4-dimethoxybenzene) of formula (I), conductive agent and binder.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) An organopolysulfide of formula (II), (III) or (VII) for the cathode active material.    (2) A method of producing an organopolysulfide comprising reacting sulfur monochloride and a compound of formula (IV).    n = 2-10;    R = H or Me.
NOVELTY - Provided is an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery, which contains amorphous carbon and crystalline carbon, which are mixed uniformly, and has an excellent fill density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anode active material is produced by a process comprising the steps of: preparing an amorphous carbon solution by dissolving 2-100 pts.wt. of the amorphous carbon in 100 pts.wt. of an organic solvent, wherein the amorphous carbon is selected from the group consisting of tar, pitch, a phenol resin, a furan resin, and furyl alcohol; mixing the amorphous carbon solution with the crystalline carbon; ball-milling the mixture; filtering and drying the resultant; carbonizing the dried carbon under the inert atmosphere at a temperature of 500-2000 deg.C.
NOVELTY - A sulfonic acid group containing polyoxazole, has one or more sulfonic acid group(s) in a molecule, logarithmic viscosity of 0.1 dl/g or higher in 0.05 dl/g methanesulfonic acid solution at 25degreesC, solubility of 1 wt.% or higher in dimethylsulfoxide at 40degreesC and conductivity of 0.3 (S/cm) or higher when AC impedance of 10,000 Hz at 80degreesC at 95 % RH is measured.    USE - The polyoxazole is used for polymer electrolytes for fuel batteries and moldings.    ADVANTAGE - The polyoxazole excels in thermal resistance, ionic conductivity and processability.
NOVELTY - A laminate for use in an armor of a cell having an aluminium foil and an inner layer laminated sequentially, characterized in that a resin film layer containing a polymer (A) comprising an aminated phenol unit, a three-valent chromium compound (B) and a phosphorus compound (C) is caused to be present between the aluminum foil and the inner layer. The laminate for an armor of a cell is excellent in adhesion, gas-barrier properties and the like, and thus is suitable as an armor material for a cell, particularly for a lithium ion polymer secondary cell.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises flow passages and/or flow chambers which conduct moist gases in operation. A part of the flow passages and/or flow chambers are provided with a coating (36) which takes up water in distributed form at low temperatures and releases the water again at higher temperatures.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The coatings allow the fuel cell system to operate at pronounced temperatures below zero e.g. at most -40 degrees Celsius and to ensure adequate humidification of the operating gases which protects the membranes from damage to give a more rapid start-up of the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for operating the above fuel cell system comprising absorbing moist gases with a coating after switching off of the fuel cell system. The coating is located on the inner side of the flow passages and/or flow chambers. Freezing of the water does not occur or only occurs to non-damaging extent at temperatures below zero. On recommencing the operation of the fuel cell system with heating up, the water stored by the coating is released again and is exploited for the required humidification of the gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell which is provided with a coating.    Coating (36)
NOVELTY - A composite article has a porous, conductive layer (14) provided between a liquid crystalline polymer layer (I) (12) and a liquid crystalline polymer layer (II) (18). The porous, conductive layer is impregnated with liquid crystalline polymer layer (I), liquid crystalline polymer layer (II) or both liquid crystalline polymer layers.    USE - Bipolar plate of fuel cell (claimed). Also used to form cooling fields, manifolds and heating channels.    ADVANTAGE - The composite article is lightweight and conductive. High level of conductivity of bipolar plate is obtained without incorporating large amount of conductive filler into a resin. The liquid crystalline polymer is lightweight and highly chemically resistant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) formation of a composite article;    (2) a bipolar plate having composite article; and    (3) a fuel cell having bipolar plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a multilayer composite article.    Composite article (10)    Liquid crystalline polymer layer (I) (12)    Porous, conductive layer (14)    Liquid crystalline polymer layer (II) (18)
NOVELTY - Phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound has an electrical conductivity of 0.001 (S/cm) or more, measured at 10,000 Hz alternating current impedance, 80degreesC and 95 % relative humidity. The compound comprising randomly and/or alternately bonded repeating units, has a 3 % weight reduction temperature of 400degreesC or more and an average molecular weight of 1,000- 1,000,000.    USE - For molds and films (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound has excellent heat resistance and ionic conductivity. The mold obtained using the compound has high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound has an electrical conductivity of 0.001 (S/cm) or more, measured at 10,000 Hz alternating current impedance, 80degreesC and 95 % relative humidity. The compound has a 3 % weight reduction temperature of 400degreesC or more, based on sample weight at 200degreesC by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement. The compound comprising randomly and/or alternately bonded repeating units, has an average molecular weight of 1,000- 1,000,000. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Mold comprising phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound; and    (2) A film.
NOVELTY - The production of a plastic sheet comprises: (a) irradiating a polymeric composition containing a polymeric monomer having two or more polymeric functional groups in a molecule with an active energy beam; (b) polymerizing and setting the polymeric composition.    USE - The method produces the plastic sheet used for display for an organic electroluminescent display panel, touch panel; memory, recording for optical disk; solar battery panel, particularly, low-birefringence optical member, liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic sheet has high heat resistance and good hue with low active energy beam expose.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Vacuum degassing is applied to the polymeric composition in a closed container before irradiating the polymeric composition with the active energy beam.
NOVELTY - The production of a photo-setting resin sheet is new.    USE - The method produces with good productivity the photo-setting resin sheet used for display for an organic electroluminescent display panel, touch panel; memory, recording for optical disk; solar battery panel, particularly, low-birefringence optical member, liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-setting resin sheet has superior surface smoothness, thinness, and a wide area. The method allows molding without damaging the photo-setting resin sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The production comprises:    (a) facing a pair of plate-like molding tools in which at least one molding tool transmits an active energy beam at given spaced intervals;    (b) filling a photo-setting resin in a molding cavity formed by sealing the peripheral portions of the molding tools and in which a film is fixed through a pressure sensitive adhesive layer to the inner surface of each molding tool;    (c) irradiating the photo-setting resin through the molding tool transmitting the active energy beam with the active energy beam for setting the photo-setting resin;    (d) removing a photo-setting resin molded article from the molding tools. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness of 1-30 micronmeters.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte comprises a high molecular compound, acidic inorganic substance and a metallic salt of group Ia.    USE - For a secondary battery (claimed), a primary battery, a condenser, a capacitor, electrochromic display device, a medical actuator, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, high plasticizer and alkali metal salt retaining abilities. The secondary battery using the solid polymer electrolyte, has excellent battery properties, such as charging and discharging characteristics, storage stability and reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a secondary battery which contains the solid polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte film-gasket assembly for fuel cell comprises a high polymer electrolyte film, a gasket formed of a seal material covering the peripheral edge part, optionally a catalyst layer carried on both faces of the high polymer electrolytic film and a protective layer covering the area from the peripheral edge part of the catalyst layer to the peripheral edge part of the high polymer electrolytic film. The electrolytic film further comprises a number of through-holes located at the peripheral edge part. The part of the gasket covering one face of the electrolytic film and the portion of the gasket covering the other face are continued with each other through the through holes in the electrolytic film.    USE - High polymer electrolytic fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell does not suffer from gas cross-leakage due to separation of the gasket from the electrolytic film.
NOVELTY - A lithium battery has a pack (5) for storing a cell body and a lead wire (4) connected to the cell body to protrude outside of the pack (5). The pack (5) consists of a laminate sheet the periphery of which is heat-sealed. The outer face of the lead wire (4) is provided with a lead wire film.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lead wire film has a heat resistant base material film (22), a polyolefin layer (21) provided on the face of the base material film (22) on the laminate sheet side, and an acid-denatured polyolefin layer (23) provided on the face of the base material film (22) on the lead wire (4) side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the battery.    Lead wire (4)    Pack (5)    Polyolefin layer (21)    Base material film (22)    Acid-denatured polyolefin layer (23)
NOVELTY - A film surface (4) comprises laminated hardened layer (4b) and an airtight layer (4a). The structure is expanded by introducing gas. A heating wire (10) heat cures the hardened layer by convective heat transfer through gas.    USE - For large-sized antenna, radar, solar paddle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables uniform heating during heat curing hardened layer by convective heat transfer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the notional heat curable inflatable structure.    Film surface (4)    Airtight layer (4a)    Hardened layer (4b)    Heating wire (10)
NOVELTY - A new proton conductive material has specific formula having a siloxane moiety having sulfonic acid groups, another siloxane moiety having hydrocarbon groups, and a boron oxide moiety which is sandwiched between the silicon oxide moieties.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new material provides a higher proton conductivity, especially at 100-150 degrees C. The dissociation of the sulfonic acid groups is promoted by the introduction of the Lewis acidic boron. The new material is prepared easily from an organic silicon alkoxides and borates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new proton conductive material has the formula of (SiR1xO(4-x)/2)a(BO3/2)b(SiR2yO(4-y)/2)c    R1 = -X-SO3H;    X = 2-18C hydrocarbon group;    R2 = 1-18C hydrocarbon group;    x, y = 0-2;    a, b = 10-90 % of (a+b);    c = 0-80 % of (a+b+c).
NOVELTY - A counter electrode mutually opposes an electrolyte layer (13) having porous support elements (27) that are arranged on a semiconductor layer (7). A layer (25) having electroconductive microparticles (23), is arranged between transparent electrode (5) and the semiconductor layer.    USE - For solar cell, photo galvanic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the presence of semiconductor layer, the transducer of low resistance loss and transparency loss is obtained. The presence of electroconductive particles enhances contact area of the semiconductor layer and the transparent electrode and reduces the resistance loss in the boundary surface of the electrode and the layer. Excellent reliability over long duration is achieved using the porous support element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of optical transducer.    Transparent electrode (5)    Semiconductor layer (7)    Electrolyte layer (13)    Electroconductive microparticles (23)    Layer (25)    Porous support elements (27)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte-absorptive polymer is composed of a nonaqueous polymer into which a hydrophilic polar group is introduced. The electrolyte-absorptive polymer is produced by introducing a hydrophilic polar group into a nonaqueous polymer.    USE - Electrolyte-absorptive polymer for battery cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cell includes such a dried electrolyte-absorptive polymer and a dried electrolyte as cell constituent members. The electrolyte-absorptive polymer and the cell using the electrolyte-absorptive polymer are inexpensive and high in safety. The polymer can absorb various kinds of electrolyte simultaneously.    The cell is free from leakage to the outside and vaporization of the electrolyte and can be stored for a long term before use.
NOVELTY - A method of separating metal hydride complexes or their oxidized compounds from alkaline solution comprises using microporous membranes which have a salt blocking ratio of at least 70 %.    USE - For removing metal hydride complexes from alkaline solution in the hydrogen generating system of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Metal hydride complexes and their oxidized compounds are easily separated from alkaline solution without any environmental pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of separating metal hydride complexes or their oxidized compounds from alkaline solution comprises using microporous membranes which have a salt blocking ratio of at least 70 %. The metal hydride complexes are of formula (I) or (II).    MIMIIIH4-nRn (I)    MII(MIIIH4-nRn)2 (II)    MI = alkali metal;    MII = alkaline earth metal or zinc;    MIII = boron, aluminum, or gallium;    R = alkyl, alkoxy or acyloxy;    n = integer of 0-3.
NOVELTY - A separator for fuel cells, comprises 100 weight parts of carbon or graphite material as main component, and 0.1-20 weight parts of poly(meth)acrylate.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel cell used for power supply of vehicle-mounted internal combustion engine, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The separator for fuel cells, has excellent gas-impermeable property. The fuel cell separator is produced easily, and has high industrial value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of solid polymeric fuel cell using separator.
NOVELTY - A negative plate for lithium ion secondary battery, comprises a composite material of carbon powder, stannic acid compound and silicon oxide, and a resin binder.    USE - For lithium ion secondary battery for mobile telephones and personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - Charging and discharging characteristics of the battery are excellent. The battery has reduced size and weight.
NOVELTY - A proton conductor film for use in a fuel cell which comprises a proton conductor and poly(vinyl alcohol) as a binder for the proton conductor. The proton conductor film can produce a high output by electrode reactions and also has excellent capability of intercepting a hydrogen gas.    USE - Proton conductor film for use in fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for regulating the transmission of energy comprises elongated supports (16) positioned adjacent to an energy transmissive panel (14) encapsulated by the inner surface of a polymer bag having reflective outer coating. An air distribution header attached to support, controls air inflow through inner surface of bag, to inflate and deflate bag to regulate transmission of solar energy through panel.    USE - For regulating amount of solar energy transmission and amount of heat transfer through roof of greenhouse, atrium, sky light or similar glazed opening.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces cost of construction by using simplified arrangement which is inexpensive to install and provides an important precondition for its economic applications in greenhouses, particularly those with large areas of cultivation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar energy transmission regulation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cut-away view of the energy transmissive structure for regulating the transmission of energy in a deflated state.    Energy transmissive panel (14)    Support (16)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte composition comprises a siloxane compound containing a repeating unit (1) and having at least two substituents capable of forming covalent bond by reacting with an electrophile.    USE - For opto-electric conversion devices used in photoelectric cells    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte composition is excellent in durability and charge transport ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolyte composition comprises a siloxane compound containing a repeating unit (1) and having at least two substituents capable of forming covalent bond by reacting with an electrophile.    R1 = L1-Q01;    R2 = L2-Q02;    L1, L2 = bond or divalent bonding group;    Q01, Q02 = substituent when L1 or L2 is bond, or H or substituent when L1 or L2 is divalent bonding group    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for an opto-electric conversion device and a photoelectric cell.
NOVELTY - A layer consisting of a high-molecular compound is provided between a solar battery module and a support structure made of a resin. A solar battery panel has a formula (1) of -40 to 130 degrees C.    USE - Used as a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery panel inhibits cracks caused by the expansion contraction of the support structure made of the resin and prevents a decrease in power generation efficiency. The use of the rubber-modified thermoplastic resin exhibits easy moldability, cost reduction, and superior durability and adhesion to the support structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery panel has a formula (1) of -40 to 130 degrees C.    ( E x L / 1. 5 x 105 x d ) (alpha - 20 ) x 10-6 x 170 less than 10-3 (1).    E (MPa) = vertical elastic modulus of layer consisting of high-molecular compound;    L (mm) = length of solar battery module;    d (mm) = thickness of layer consisting of high-molecular compound;    alpha = coefficient of linear expansion (multiplied by ten to the part of -6/degree C) of support structure.
NOVELTY - An electrode is formed by printing an electrode paste on a reverse conductivity-type impurity diffusion layer (1a), in a non-oxidizing atmosphere using polyethylene glycol as an organic binding material.    USE - For the formation of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents formation of oxide film between substrate and electrode, as electrode is formed in non-oxidizing atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacturing method of the solar cell.    Diffusion layer (1a)
NOVELTY - The method involves sealing electricity generation element in a bag-like packing, followed by pressurized processing of the sealed element in a pressure vessel. The electricity generation element consists of a positive electrode, negative plate, separator and non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE - Used for electronic devices like mobile telephone, personal computer, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient impregnation of the non-aqueous electrolyte between the electrodes is carried out in a short time. Battery with high initial charge efficiency, large discharge capacity, excellent charging and discharging cycle characteristics and sufficient reproducibility is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The bag-like packing consists of a laminated film comprising metal sheet and resin film. The packing is an armored can made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of manufacture of thin non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer battery comprises two or more cells of opposing structure laminated through a polyelectrolyte layer, anode layer (4) on anode collector (5). An elastic layer (9) is provided to at least one side of the laminated battery.    USE - For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer battery, using solid type polyelectrolyte phase without solvent, is obtained in a short process. Power supply system with high voltage is formed using multi layer laminated structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cells of opposing structure contains lithium salt, and is accommodated in a battery case (8). The elastic layer is a rubber property layer. The polyelectrolyte comprises polyether having cross-linked structure. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solid polymer battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of the solid polymer battery. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    anode collector (2)    anode layer (4)    cathode collector (5)    cathode layer (7)    battery case (8)    elastic layer (9)
NOVELTY - Cell includes a cathode (1) and an anode (3) which are accommodated in the cathode and anode holders (2,4), respectively. A perfluoropolyether material is formed at the side of the cathode, and a film (7) is provided between the cathode and the holder (2).    USE - For electronic wrist watch and electronic desk computer.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures favorable conduction by providing perfluoropolyether material at the side of the cathode. Prevents leakage without usage of mercury.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for button-shaped alkaline cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of the button-shaped alkaline cell.    cathode (1)    holders (2,4)    anode (3)    film (7)
NOVELTY - The battery pack comprises a concave portion on outer surface opposing the thickness direction of the packing case and a surface affected zone having difference in surface condition and surroundings in the concave portion base. The battery pack (1) accommodates a battery in a synthetic resin flat packing case (2).    USE - For portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Pasting of photograph and sticker to the packing case of the battery pack are easily stripped. The portable apparatus of improved efficiency and simple composition is obtained by grain processing and/or by providing fluorine containing resin coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram showing the battery pack.    battery pack (1)    packing case (2)
NOVELTY - Combination of Si-O-Si silicone-based resin layer having a main skeleton and 5-30 wt.% of an inorganic filler having the average particle diameter of 3-300 psim on a metal substrate and adjustment of the surface roughness of the resin layer to RMAX of 0.3 to 1.5 psim.    USE - Insulating substrate is useful for producing thin-film polycrystal silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film polycrystal silicon layer laminated on the silicone-based resin layer is not cut.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The main skeleton has the following formula -(-Si(R1)(R2)-O)m-(Si(R3)(R4)-O)n.    R1, R2 = alkyl group, alkenyl group or phenyl group;    R3, R4 = phenyl group;    m, n = m less than n.
NOVELTY - The acid-treated flaky graphite powder (33) is filled in metallic molds (31,32). The powder is heated rapidly to produce graphite compact of definite shape.    USE - For producing graphite mold for fuel cell (claimed) and gas passages.    ADVANTAGE - The homogeneous graphite mold is cheaply produced. The reliability of fuel cell is improved, by integrating the graphite mold.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the graphite mold manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Metallic molds (31,32)    Flaky graphite powder (33)
NOVELTY - A macromolecular solid fuel cell has an electrodes-film conjugate consisting of an electrolytic film and electrodes placed at both the surfaces of the electrolytic film, respectively, and separators placed at both the surfaces of the electrodes-film conjugate, respectively.    USE - The method produces the macromolecular solid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon compound is present on the surface of the separator so that the silicon compound may have the thickness of a monomolecular layer or a multimolecular layer. The reaction product of the silicon compound yields sufficiently durably water repellency. The result efficiently provides the water repellency to the separator. The macromolecular solid fuel cell has stable high output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for producing the macromolecular solid fuel cell for treating the surface of each separator using a silicon compound in which an isocyanate group or a hydrolyzing group, and a fluorine-containing organic group are bonded to the silicon.
NOVELTY - A catalyst layer is disposed on both surfaces of an ion exchange membrane by adjoining the ion exchange membrane. A gas diffusion layer is disposed on the exterior of each catalyst layer by adjoining each catalyst layer.    USE - Manufacture of macromolecular solid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The surface of the carbon black is efficiently covered with a small amount of the water repellent solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer. The result exhibits low resistance and high void volume entailing improved gas dispersibility. The resulting macromolecular solid fuel cell has high output density and less aged deterioration in output characteristics. The use of the solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer eliminates the need for a dispersant used for containing the water repellent into the coating solution. The result eliminates the need for high temperature burning used for removing the dispersant and simply forms the water repellent carbon layer at room temperature by removing only the solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one gas diffusion layer uses carbon paper or a carbon cloth as its base material. A water repellent carbon layer is formed on the catalyst layer-adjoined surface of the base material. The water repellent carbon layer contains carbon black and a substantially ion exchange group-free solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer.
NOVELTY - The nanostructure includes randomly aligned platelets having an aspect ratio of 1500:1-20000:1 or 1500:1-8000:1 and a footprint of 10 mum x 30 mum. The platelets have an average thickness of less than 100 nm and a specific surface area of 5 m2/g. The majority of the platelets are structurally independent and have angular or planar morphology.    USE - For industrial and vehicle lubricants, especially coatings such as cathode ray tube coatings for conductivity and black matrix contrast, radiation absorbent coatings, battery can coatings, EMI shielding, etc., for use in bipolar fuel cell separator plates, screen printable polymeric thick films and as fillers in a variety of polymer/plastic composites such as polypropylene and nylon for structural and electronic applications.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer composite created by adding graphite nanostructures to polymers has improved mechanical and electrical characteristics, flexural modulus, heat deflection temperature, tensile strength and electrical conductivity. Graphite nanostructure is manufactured at low price and the yield is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Graphite particles fracturing method involves introducing the graphite into the high pressure flaking mill which causes a hydrowedging effect that overcomes the Van der Waal forces of the particles and fractures the particles into platelets; and    (2) Polymer matrix composite that includes graphite platelets having specific surface area of 5 m2/g and thickness of less than 100 nm and a polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a high pressure flaking mill for manufacturing the graphite platelets.
NOVELTY - A battery is contained in an armoring material together with an ion moving medium. The edge part of the armoring material is sealed so an electrode laminate is covered and sealed. A lead terminal is connected to the electrodes and positioned out of the armoring material and sealed. An insulating resin layer is sealed between the metal foil and the thermally fusible resin layer at the lead terminal.    USE - Useful in a power source for an electronic apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Sealing ability is improved and reliability and stability of a battery are remarkably improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery is contained in an armoring material together with an ion moving medium. The armoring material is a laminated film consisting of at least a metal foil and a thermally fusible resin layer. The peripheral part of the armoring material is sealed so an electrode laminate is covered and sealed. A lead terminal made of metal is connected to a positive and negative electrode and taken out to the external part of the armoring material and sealed. An insulating resin layer formed of 4-methyl-1-pentene resin is disposed and thermally sealed between the metal foil and the thermally fusible resin layer at the lead terminal.
NOVELTY - A new solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer compound and a electrolyte salt. The polymer compound is an open ring polymer of an oxetane compound of specific formula comprising an acrylate structure.    USE - The electrolyte is used for primary or secondary batteries, electrochromic displays or capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte has a higher ionic conductivity of around 10-4 to 10-5 S/cm at 30 degreesC, having higher film forming performance, higher flexibility, and higher mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer compound and a electrolyte salt. The polymer compound is an open ring polymer of an oxetane compound of formula (1) comprising an acrylate structure.    a = 10-400;    m1 = 1-6;    n1 = 1-20;    R1, R2 = 1-12C alkyl group or hydrogen atom
NOVELTY - A new gel electrolyte forming composition comprises (A) mono-vinyl monomers and (B) polyvinyl monomers. (A) contains alkylmono(meth)acrylate or alkylmono(meth)acrylate and polyethyleneglycol mono(meth)acrylate. (B) contains polyethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate. The main part of the alkylmono(meth)acrylate has at least 3 carbon atoms.    USE - For electrochemical devices including batteries or capacitors, especially aluminum electrolytic capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The new composition holds a larger amount of electrolyte solution, having higher ion conductivity, improved durability at higher temperature and higher resistance to hydrolysis.
NOVELTY - A catalyst for a fuel cell is formed of carbon powder carrying platinum transition metal fine particles dispersed by a silicon high molecule compound.    USE - Useful in an electric automobile or a power source for a domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency is high and durability is excellent.
NOVELTY - A perchlorate-containing composition using perchlorate and an organic medium as its major constituents is prepared.    USE - The method prepares the perchlorate-containing composition used for an electrolytic solution for a lithium ion battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and a conductivity providing agent for antistatic finish.    ADVANTAGE - Water present in the perchlorate aqueous solution decomposes the perchlorate. The result prevents the organic medium from burning acceleration. The resulting perchlorate-containing composition has no danger, including explosion, burning. The method controls perchlorate content and moisture content.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for preparing the perchlorate-containing composition comprising: (a) adding, and mixing a perchlorate aqueous solution to and with the organic medium or mixing the perchlorate aqueous solution with the organic medium; (b) heating and dewatering the resulting mixture under pressure reduction.
NOVELTY - A new method of producing plastics sheets comprises molding plastics into sheets with a mold. The surface electrical charges are removed from the surface of the plastics sheets when they are separated from the mold.    USE - For optical discs, solar cell panels, or liquid crystal displays.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of impurities is greatly reduced in the plastics films.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing plastic sheets whereby the surface charges on the mold are removed before molding.
NOVELTY - A backside coating layer (111) and a surface coating layer (112) are formed on either sides of a photovoltaic cell (104). The backside coating layer has surface protection reinforcement (105), sealing material (106) and backside layer (107). The backside layer is made of thermoplastic resin with melting temperature lower than component material of photovoltaic cell, surface coating (112) and other coating materials (105,106).    USE - Solar-cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a solar-cell module having long term reliability, and which also provides enhanced workability. Bonds to the desired support substrates, by maximum heating of backside layer without causing damage to solar-cell module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar-cell application method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of photovoltaic cell of solar-cell module.    Photovoltaic cell (104)    Surface protection reinforcement (105)    Sealing material (106)    Backside layer (107)    Backside coating layer (111)    Surface coating layer (112)
NOVELTY - A new proton conductive membrane for fuel cells is a composite of a proton conductive polymer and another polymer of specific formula.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells, especially direct methanol fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new proton conductive membrane prevents methanol cross-over effectively    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new proton conductive membrane for fuel cells is a composite of a proton conductive polymer and another polymer of formula (1) or another composite of the proton conductive polymer, the polymer of formula (1), and metal oxide of formula (2).    X = functional group containing nitrogen atoms;    A = organic group;    n = integer;    M = titanium, zirconium, aluminum, boron, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, iridium, germanium, or vanadium;    x = 1 or 2;    y = 2,3,4, or 5
NOVELTY - A proton conductive film for a direct alcohol type fuel battery, which comprises a polyimide having the repeating unit of formula (I) as its main component.    USE - The proton conductive film is useful for a direct alcohol type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductive polyimide film has high proton conductivity (proton conductivity at room temperature of not less than 1.0 x 10-2 S/cm and ion exchange capacity of not less than 0.50 meq/g) and has high methanol barrier properties (methanol permeation coefficient of not more than 1.3 x 10-12 (cm3 cm)/(cm2 s Pa)).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A proton conductive film for a direct alcohol type fuel battery, which comprises a polyimide having the repeating unit of formula (I) as its main component.    X = one or more tetravalent organic groups;    Y = one or more divalent organic groups;a part of X and Y contains a proton conductive substituent.
NOVELTY - A proton conductive polyimide resin composition has a proton conductive substituent and comprises a repeating structural unit obtained by polycondensation of a polyfunctional component having three or more amino groups and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.    USE - The proton conductive polyimide resin composition is useful for producing a proton conductive polyimide film which is used for a solid polymer type fuel battery such as pure hydrogen type, reformed methanol type or direct methanol type.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductive polyimide film has high proton conductivity.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a positive electrode (26) and a negative plate (24) which can occlude and release lithium, separator (25) and non-aqueous electrolyte. The negative plate material consists of two or more kinds of carbonaceous material containing low-temperature baking carbon.    USE - For electronic devices like mobile telephone, personal computer, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has improved high temperature charging and discharging cycle characteristics. The negative plate of the battery is improved, producing highly reliable and high-performance battery which is operated normally even in harsh environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive electrode and the negative plate have the structure respectively applied to the collector positive electrode material and negative plate material. The low-temperature baking carbon is the carbon material baked at a temperature of less than 1,000 degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Negative plate (24)    Separator (25)    Positive electrode (26)
NOVELTY - Composite formation crosslinking electrolyte comprises a composite of a porous material and a crosslinked fluorine group electrolyte.    USE - As composite formation crosslinking electrolyte for electrolyte film used for solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The composite crosslinking electrolyte has excellent chemical stability, and high temperature durability. The electrolyte readily forms thin films. The electrolyte does not produce a reduction of ionic conductivity, leakage of reactive gas or reduction of output characteristics even when used at high temperatures for long periods of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of composite formation crosslinking electrolyte. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)    Composite formation crosslinking electrolyte (10)    Fluorine group electrolyte (12)    Porous material (14)    Crosslinking agent (16)
NOVELTY - Tetrakisfluoroalkylborate salts (I) are new.    USE - The novel tetrakistrifluoroalkylborate salts (I) are useful as an electrolyte salt in primary batteries, secondary batteries, capacitors, super capacitors or galvanic cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The salts (I) are resistant to hydrolysis, have a high ionic conductivity, good solubility and high thermal stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Tetrakisfluoroalkylborate salts of formula (I) are new:    Mn+((BR4)-)n (I)    Mn+ = mono, di- or trivalent cation;    R = (CxF2x+1);    x = 1-8; and    n = 1-3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a process for the production of a tetrakisfluoroalkylborate salt (I) comprising reaction of a salt of formula (II) with a fluorinating agent in a solvent followed by purification and separation by conventional means;    (2) a mixture comprising a salt (I) and at least one polymer;    (3) a process for the production of the mixture comprising mixing the salt (I) and at least one polymer, optionally with a solvent;    (4) an electrolyte primary battery, secondary battery, capacitor, super capacitor or galvanic cell containing the tetrakisfluoroalkyl borate salt (I).    Mn+((B(CN)4)-)n (II)
NOVELTY - The method involves depositing thin film solar cells on a flexible sheet of polyimide becoming a first thermal emissive covering layer for the thin film solar cells for communicating solar illumination to the thin film solar cells and for heat rejection and forming a flexible sheet of solar cells.    USE - For manufacturing integral thin film solar array used in micro-satellites and nano-satellites.    ADVANTAGE - Provides integrated thin film solar array which can be provided in power sphere nano-satellite with reduced mass and wiring.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method further involves applying a solvent based thermal emissive covering layer onto the thin film solar cells of the flexible sheet of solar cells, and curing the solvent based thermal emissive covering layer into a second thermal emissive covering layer for forming the integral thin film solar cell array.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts a thin film solar cell.
NOVELTY - An ion electroconductive film consists of a composite of ion electroconductive polymer and a compound containing nitrogen. The compound containing nitrogen has fixed portion with respect to the polymer, and a tautomer structure formed by protonation.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ion electroconductive film maintains ionic electroconductivity and inhibits the cross-over of methanol sufficiently. The compact fuel cell comprising the film provides stable output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell which comprises an electrolyte film, and a fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode which clamp the electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of the composition of methanol fuel cell.
NOVELTY - An acid and a phenol derivative are added to a lignocellulose group substance. Lignin is separated from the mixture, polymerized using a polymerization agent, and is used as addition agent for lead storage batteries.    USE - For lead storage battery (claimed), used in motor vehicles and electric power devices.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has long life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for lead storage battery.
NOVELTY - The solar battery cell has an electricity generation layer (8), which is formed by an oxide semiconductor film (4) impregnated with electrolytic solution. The film (4) which supports the pigment sensitizer is formed by mixing and baking microparticles having high-light diffusion ability (1-50 weight%) and oxide microparticles having a diameter of 0.1 nm-10 micrometer.    USE - In pigment sensitizing type solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery cell has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent mass productivity, and is manufactured economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar battery cell is a laminate of transparent substrate (1), transparent electrode layer (12), electricity generation layer (8), back-side electrode layer (5) and back-side substrate (6), formed on light-receiving surface side. Layer (8) is formed by an oxide semiconductor film (4) which is impregnated with electrolytic solution. The film (4) which supports the pigment sensitizer is formed by mixing and baking microparticles having high-light diffusion ability (1-50 weight%) and oxide microparticles having a diameter of 0.1 nm-10 micrometer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) A pigment sensitizing type solar battery cell manufacture; and    (2) Pigment sensitizing type solar battery module manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the pigment sensitizing type solar battery cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrode layer (2)    Oxide semiconductor film (4)    Back-side electrode layer (5)    Back-side substrate (6)    Electricity generation layer (8)    Transparent electrode layer (12)
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous electrolytic solution uses a nonaqueous solution having a firing point of at least 70 degrees C as a major solvent, and contains a mixed solvent containing at least one chained carbonic acid ester (I), 0.1-20 wt.% on a chained carbonic acid ester and other nonaqueous solution basis, and a lithium salt electrolyte.    USE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used for the secondary battery (claimed), particularly for a lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The nonaqueous solution has good wettability to a separator with high firing point in the entire electrolytic solution retaining, and enhanced safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A nonaqueous electrolytic solution uses a nonaqueous solution having a firing point of at least 70 degrees C as a major solvent, and contains a mixed solvent containing at least one chained carbonic acid ester of formula (I), 0.1-20 wt.% on a chained carbonic acid ester and other nonaqueous solution basis, and a lithium salt electrolyte.    R1-(OA)m-OCOO-(BO)n-R2 (I)    R1, R2 = optionally branch-bearing 1-12C hydrocarbon;    A, B = hydrocarbon of -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH(CH3)-, or CH(CH3)CH2-;    total C and O contained in R1-(OA)n- and/or R2-(OB)n- = at least 4; and    m, n = 0-4.
NOVELTY - The method involves forming polymers (I,II) which are prepared by different processes. The film has a porous base material (1) whose pore (2) inner surface has a swelling-resistant property in an organic solvent and water. The polymers (I,II) have proton conductivity.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed) such as methanol direct type solid polymeric fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte film inhibits permeation of methanol. The electrolyte film has excellent heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Electrolyte film;    (2) Fuel cell; and    (3) Manufacture of fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of the porous base material.    Porous base material (1)    Pore (2)
NOVELTY - A color solar battery (a pigment sensitizing solar battery) has a pigment-adsorbed porous semiconductor layer and an electrolyte between a transparent conductive film formed on the surface of a transparent substrate and a conductive substrate.    USE - The method produces the color solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Partitioning the porous semiconductor layer with a material, including glass frit to obtain the given patterns exhibits characters, symbols, diagrams, pictures on the photoreceiving surface. Each pigment is sensitized to each partitioned area to express a rich color.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least two or more colors for forming given patterns are adsorbed to the porous semiconductor layer to provide a photoreceiving surface with an indication function.
NOVELTY - Peroxide-crosslinkable rubber composition comprises 100 pts. wt. of (A) divinylbenzene-copolymerized butyl rubber with 20-100 pts. wt. of (B) flat fillers.    USE - The rubber composition is used for molding materials of sealing plates of batteries, electrolytic capacitors, and electrical double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The rubber composition has improved gas barrier properties, electrical insulating properties and resistance to electrolytic solution while maintaining low compression set.
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte contains an ether compound.    USE - The gel electrolyte is used for an electrochemical device, including the lithium battery, the photoelectric converter.    ADVANTAGE - The ether compound has high boiling point and safety relative to lithium metal, and superior safety and handling compared with an ester carbonate-based electrolytic solution. Very high electrolytic solution retention and no attack to sealing material are observed. The result evolves no liquid leakage. The gel electrolyte has high ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ether compound consists of formula (I), (II), or (III).    R1, - R11 = 1-6C alkyl or 2-6C alkenyl:    R2, R10 = may be H:    l, m, n,o, p, q, r, s,t, u, v, w = 0-12;    all l, m, n,o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w = not simultaneously 0.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery consists of anode, cathode, separator and a gasket. An inner or cathode can (203) is inserted into an outer or anode can (204) and sealed to form a structure of non-aqueous electrolyte battery. A gasket (202) provided between anode and cathode cans, is fluororesin. An electric insulating layer (201) is provided between gasket and cathode can.    USE - As non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, particularly coin type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery having favorable sealing property is obtained by using the fluororesin gasket, even during rapid temperature change of reflow soldering. The fluororesin gasket is stably used by providing the electric insulating layer between cathode can and gasket, so that the electric charge is not supplied to the fluororesin surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery has a non-aqueous solvent and electrolyte containing a supporting electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electric insulating material (201)    Gasket (202)    Cathode can (203)    Anode can (204)
NOVELTY - The lead storage battery comprises an electrolyte arranged between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate. The whole battery is filled with a mixture (3) containing silica and an acid-resistant heat-cured binder resin.    USE - Used for power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Variation in capacitance of the battery is prevented and volume and output of the battery are improved. Productivity of the battery is improved. Durability of the battery is improved, since the fluororesin has high acid resistance and dropping off of the active material from lattice object during shock or vibration is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of lead storage battery which involves providing the electrode group (2) in battery jar (1), covering battery jar with a lid having an injection nozzle, injecting the mixture and electrolyte via the injection nozzle, charging and hardening the mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of lead storage battery.    Battery jar (1)    Electrode group (2)    Mixture (3)
NOVELTY - A lithium battery with self-adhesive polymer is prepared by dissolving polyacrylonitrile in a solution, filling a battery with electrode plates and separators with polyacrylonitrile solution, and filling the battery with organic solvent. The gellacous polyacrylonitrile solution is phase-separated and electrode plates and the separators of the lithium battery adhere to each other.    USE - For preparing a lithium battery.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides excellent adhesion between plates and separators, thus producing batteries with high energy density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the charge/discharge curve of the example given above.
NOVELTY - Provided is a simple process for producing a lithium ion polymer battery, which can increase mechanical properties of a polymer electrolyte and give a low interfacial resistance between electrode plates and the polymer electrolyte and make the lithium ion polymer battery light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process comprises the steps of: preparing a cathode by spreading cathode slurry comprising a cathode active material such as meso phase carbon microbead(MCMB), a polymer binder such as poly vinylidene fluoride(PVDF), and a solvent on a current collector such as an expanded or punched metal; preparing an anode by spreading anode slurry comprising an anode active material such as a lithium cobalt oxide, a conductive agent, a polymer binder such as the PVDF, and a solvent on a current collector such as the expanded or punched metal; preparing the polymer electrolyte by spreading a gel obtained from a polymer matrix such as the PVDF, a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluoro phosphate, and a plasticizer of the polymer electrolyte, such as ethylene carbonate, on a film; winding or laminating the cathode, the anode, and the polymer electrolyte to make an end-cell; putting the end-cell into a plastic bag.
NOVELTY - Provided is a polymer electrolyte composition for a lithium ion polymer battery, which is excellent in ion conductivity and improves heat-stability, high temperature properties, and charge/discharge efficiency at low, ordinary, and high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte(1) composition comprises: 10-50wt% of a poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro propylene) copolymer as a polymer matrix, which contains 70-99wt% of vinylidene fluoride and 1-30wt% of hexafluoro propylene; 10-50wt% of dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer; 1-80wt% of a mixture comprising a ceramic filler such as silica, alumina, lithium aluminate, or zeolite and artificial micro mica as an inorganic material.
NOVELTY - Nonaqueous electrolytic solution for use in lithium secondary batteries comprises specific heterocyclic compound(s)    USE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used for the lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution exhibits electrochemical polymerization at a battery voltage below the maximum operating voltage to form a good thin conductive coating. The result dramatically enhances cycling characteristics at the upper limit voltage, higher than 4.1 V and/or charge and discharge at a high temperature, 40degreesC or higher when the nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains the heterocyclic compound (0.001-0.8 wt.%). The lithium secondary battery has superior cycling characteristics, electric capacity, and shelf life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Nonaqueous electrolytic solution for use in lithium secondary batteries comprises a heterocyclic compound of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI) and/or (VII) (0.001-0.8wt.%) on a nonaqueous electrolytic solution basis.    Y1 - Y10 = O, S, alkylamino;    X1 - X14 = H, 1-12C alkyl, 7-15C aralkyl, halo, 1-12C alkylsilyl;    X1 and X2, X2 and X3, X3 and X4, X5 and X6, X7 and X8, X9 and X10, X11 and X12 = optionally form 3-12C straight chain or branched alkylene, or 1-6C straight chain or branched alkylene dioxy by bonding together; and    m, n = 0 - 2.
NOVELTY - A P-type semiconductor layer (11) is formed on a tray and an insulating resin (13) covers the layer. The layer is exposed through the resin and is hardened. The resin is removed and N-type semiconductor layer (12) is formed on the P-type semiconductor layer. The N-type layer is exposed to form a spherical cell (10).    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Inexpensive solar cell with high reliability with sufficient effectiveness is provided by forming P-type and N-type semiconductor layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of solar cell.    Spherical cell (10)    P-type semiconductor layer (11)    N-type semiconductor layer (12)    Insulating resin (13)
NOVELTY - A barrier bottom surface protective sheet has a metal or metal oxide evaporated film on one surface of a substrate film. A weather-resistant resin layer is provided on the deposited film-side of the barrier bottom surface protective sheet. A weather-resistant outermost layer is provided on the weather-resistant resin layer surface.    USE - The bottom surface protective sheet is used for the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The bottom surface protective sheet has superior strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, sleet resistance, chemical resistance, damp proofing resistance, antifouling property, light reflection, light diffusion, and design.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The weather-resistant outermost layer consists of a hardening resin composition containing an unsaturated group-containing acrylate-based copolymer.
NOVELTY - The high molecular compound which has carboxy group is dissolved in a solution containing metal alkoxide. A composite gel of high molecular compound and metal alkoxide which have carboxyl group is formed and reacted to form a metallic oxide microparticle colloidal dispersion sol liquid. Solvent is mixed with sol liquid, and a sol liquid for production of metallic oxide microparticle aggregate, is manufactured.    USE - For manufacture of a sol liquid for production of metallic oxide microparticle aggregate for a photoelectric conversion apparatus (claimed), a photovoltaic material, a photoconductive material and a photocatalyst material.    ADVANTAGE - The sol liquid for production of metallic oxide microparticle aggregate, having excellent productivity, is manufactured. The photoelectric conversion apparatus using the metallic oxide microparticle aggregate, has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The high molecular compound which has carboxy group is dissolved in a solution containing metal alkoxide, and a composite gel containing high molecular compound and metal alkoxide which have carboxyl group is formed and reacted to form a metallic oxide microparticle colloidal dispersion sol liquid. Water-soluble solvent with boiling point of 120degreesC, water-insoluble compound with boiling point of more than 120degreesC, alcohol, ether, and/or ketone is mixed with sol liquid, and a sol liquid for production of metallic oxide microparticle aggregate, is manufactured. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Sol liquid for metallic oxide microparticle aggregate production;    (2) Metallic oxide microparticle aggregate; and    (3) Photoelectric conversion apparatus.
NOVELTY - Melted resin is injected through an injection hole (2a) formed in the center section of a metallic mold (20). The bound portion of a disc-like portion (2b) of the gasket center section and the folded back portion of the metallic mold, are detached after the completion of the injection molding.    USE - For manufacturing gasket of coin-type lithium ion secondary batteries and capacitors used in portable apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - A gasket of definite shape is manufactured efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of gasket metallic mold. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Injection hole (2a)    Disc-like portion (2b)    Metallic mold (20)
NOVELTY - An integrated solar wall has a thermosyphon system. It has a length of 8-500 inches.    USE - For domestic hot water line.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can deliver solar energy in an efficient and reliable means. It eliminates all the complexity and high maintenance that is usually associated with domestic hot water solar system. It also eliminates propylene glycol storage tank and complex control and moving parts. It does not allow the water to freeze up.
NOVELTY - A polymer gel electrolyte system (40) comprises a support structure comprising aromatic polyether polymer film. An electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt in an organic solvent, is impregnated within the support structure.    USE - For electrochemical cells and storage batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer gel electrolyte system is novel, has good mechanical properties, liquid electrolyte absorptivity so that high ionic conductivity is exhibited. The electrolyte avoids electrode passivation and problems such as decreased life expectancy of battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a composition used as polymer gel electrolyte having electrical conductivity of 10 to the power -2 - 10 to the power -3 ohm per cm, which comprises a polymer support material impregnated with a plasticizer solution. The support material comprises polyphenylene oxide or its mixture with polysulfone, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene oxide and/or polypropylene oxide. The plasticizer solution comprises lithium salt(s) in organic solvent(s).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic representation of electrochemical cell.    Electrochemical cell (10)    Cathode (20)    Anode (30)    Polymer gel electrolyte system (40)
NOVELTY - A material is synthesized comprising a core and a coating and/or being interconnected by a carbon crosslinkage. The core of the compound comprises other metal-containing lithium-based phosphates, sulfates or silicates. The synthesis is performed by reacting and balancing the mixture of precursors with a reducing atmosphere to bring the transition metal(s) to the desired degree of valency. The synthesis is carried out in the presence of a carbon source.    USE - The materials have applications as electrode materials for primary and secondary batteries, supercapacity generators and electrochrome light modulation systems such as anti-dazzle mirrors in cars.    ADVANTAGE - The reducing reaction carried out on the reaction mixture is essentially due to the reducing atmosphere, the deposited carbon being relatively inert.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Compounds of formula LixM1-yM1y(XO4)n (compound A) are synthesized.    x = 0-2;    y = 0-0.6;    n = 1.5;    M = transition metal or metal mixture of the first series of the periodic table;    M1 = fixed valence metal from Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+ and Zn2+; and    X = S, P or Si.    The compounds are synthesized by the reaction of a intimate mixture in the proportions required of    (a) a source of M, transition metal(s) in an oxidation state higher than in the final compound (A);    (b) a source of M1;    (c) a lithium source; and    (d) a source of X.    The synthesis is carried out in a reducing atmosphere.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the materials obtained and their use in electrochemical cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the first cycle obtained by slow voltammetry controlled by a battery cycling unit of type Macpile (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An insulating film is formed on the surface of a metal substrate.    USE - The method produces the insulating substrate used for a thin film polycrystal silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The silicone-based resin having a high inorganic bond ratio provides the insulating film with enhanced heat stability and evolves no defects, including blister at high-temperature heating. The insulating film has superior heat stability, less gas generation at high-temperature heating in forming the solar battery cell. No adverse effect is exerted on equipment for forming the solar battery cell. No heat cracks and superior insulation are observed. The solar battery cell has high electric power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The insulating film is formed by blending a silicone-based resin using an Si-O bond of formula (I) as its major skeleton with a composite oxide pigment having a particle diameter of 1 micrometers or less, 10-60 percent by mass.    R1, R2 = alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl;    R3 = phenyl;    m = less than n.
NOVELTY - A new polymer gel solid electrolyte composition comprises: (A) a polyether copolymer; and (B) a fluoro compound polymer.    USE - For electronics devices including batteries, capacitors, or electrochromic displays.    ADVANTAGE - The new composition has higher ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, flexibility, and heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new polymer gel solid electrolyte composition comprises:    (A) a polyether copolymer; and    (B) a fluoro compound polymer.    (A) consists of monomers (I) and (II), having the repeating units of formula (III) and (IV).    R1 = 1-12C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, 6-14C aryl, 7-12C aralkyl, or tetrahydropyranyl group;    l = 1-12
NOVELTY - Polysiloxanes comprising hydrolyzed/condensed product of mixture of specific silane compounds (A) and (B), and (C) either one or both of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, heat treating at 100-300 degrees C provides a self supporting film.    USE - Used in fuel cell, capacitor and electrochromic display element.    ADVANTAGE - Product is obtained in a self supporting film and is highly proton conductive and reduction of the conductivity retains even in hot and dry condition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polysiloxanes comprises a hydrolyze/condensed product of a mixture of (A) a silane compound of formula (I), (B) a silane compound of formula (II) and (C) one or both of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, then heat treating at 100-300 degrees C as required.    R1aSi(OR2)4-a (I)    R3bSi(OR2)4-b (II)    R1 = monovalent functional group;    R2 = monovalent organic group;R3 = H, halogen atom, alkyl or aryl;    a = integer 1-2;    b = integer 0-2
NOVELTY - A packing material is located at at least the single side peripheral edge portion of a separator for a macromolecular solid fuel cell.    USE - The packing material is used for the macromolecular solid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The mixing weight ratio of the liquid silicone rubber to the liquid fluorocarbon rubber, 30/70-95.5, exhibits superior acid resistance. The packing material has the superior acid resistance, long-term service, superior durability, and retains long-term elasticity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The packing material is formed by mixing liquid silicone rubber and liquid fluorocarbon rubber.
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell comprises a UV-light absorbing material which contains a polycondensate of formula (1-I).    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new cell is less degraded on long time exposure to sunlight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell, having a transparent substrate, a metal oxide semiconductor electrode, dye adsorbed on the electrode surface, electrolyte, and a counter electrode, comprises a UV-light absorbing material which contains a polycondensate of formula (1-I). Formula (1-I)-p    R1 to R4 = hydrogen or halogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl group;    X1, X2 = phenylene or naphthylene group;    Y1, Y2 = 1-20C alkylene group;    n1, n2, m1, m2 = 0 or 1 (n1+m1 = 1-2, n2+m2 = 1-2)
NOVELTY - The continuous manufacture of a transparent resin substrate is new.    USE - The method continuously manufactures the transparent resin substrate for a display substrate for liquid crystal, organic electroluminescent device; optical filter; optical communications material; solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The irradiation with the active ray applies no heat shrinkage to the support sheets in peeing the support sheets after hardening the photopolymeric monomer composition. The result exhibits no drift between the support sheets and the sheet-like photopolymeric monomer composition. The resulting transparent resin substrate has the uniform flat surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The continuous manufacture comprises:    (a) supplying a photopolymeric monomer composition on a lower support sheet to be transferred;    (b) laying an upper support sheet transferred in the same direction at the same speed as those for the lower support sheet on the photopolymeric monomer composition;    (c) irradiating the photopolymeric monomer composition with an active ray for hardening the photopolymeric resin composition. One support sheet comprises a seamless endless steel sheet. The other support sheet comprises a transparent flexible synthetic resin sheet.
NOVELTY - The continuous manufacture of a transparent resin substrate is new.    USE - The method continuously manufactures the transparent resin substrate for a display substrate for liquid crystal, organic electroluminescent device; optical filter; optical communications material; solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The irradiation with the active ray applies no heat shrinkage to the support sheets in peeing the support sheets after hardening the photopolymeric monomer composition. The result exhibits no drift between the support sheets and the sheet-like photopolymeric monomer composition. The resulting transparent resin substrate has the uniform flat surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The continuous manufacture comprises: (a) supplying a photopolymeric monomer composition on a lower support sheet to be transferred; (b) laying an upper support sheet transferred in the same direction at the same speed as those for the lower support sheet on the photopolymeric monomer composition; (c) irradiating the photopolymeric monomer composition with an active ray for hardening the photopolymeric resin composition. The method comprises: (a) a former stage hardening process - passing the lower support sheet and/or the upper support sheet to irradiate the photopolymeric monomer composition with the active ray; (b) a latter stage hardening process - peeling both the sheets; irradiating the photopolymeric monomer composition with the active ray.
NOVELTY - The continuous manufacture of a transparent resin substrate is new.    USE - The method continuously manufactures the transparent resin substrate for a display substrate for liquid crystal, organic electro luminescent device; optical filter; optical communications material; solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The irradiation with the active ray applies no heat shrinkage to the support sheets in peeing the support sheets after hardening the photo polymeric monomer composition. The result exhibits no drift between the support sheets and the sheet-like photo polymeric monomer composition. The resulting transparent resin substrate has the uniform flat surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The continuous manufacture comprises: (a) supplying a photo polymeric monomer composition on a lower support sheet to be transferred; (b) laying an upper support sheet transferred in the same direction at the same speed as those for the lower support sheet on the photo polymeric monomer composition; (c) irradiating the photo polymeric monomer composition with an active ray for hardening the photo polymeric resin composition. The photo polymeric monomer composition has a viscosity of 500-100000 mPa.second.
NOVELTY - The continuous manufacture of a transparent resin substrate is new.    USE - The method continuously manufactures the transparent resin substrate for a display substrate for liquid crystal, organic electroluminescent device; optical filter; optical communications material; solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The irradiation with the active ray applies no heat shrinkage to the support sheets in peeing the support sheets after hardening the photopolymeric monomer composition. The result exhibits no drift between the support sheets and the sheet-like photopolymeric monomer composition. The resulting transparent resin substrate has the uniform flat surface and the improved product yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The continuous manufacture comprises: (a) supplying a photopolymeric monomer composition on a lower support sheet to be transferred; (b) laying an upper support sheet transferred in the same direction at the same speed as those for the lower support sheet on the photopolymeric monomer composition; (c) irradiating the photopolymeric monomer composition with an active ray for hardening the photopolymeric resin composition. Prior to peeling both the support sheets, the ear portions of the hardened sheet-like photopolymeric monomer composition at its opposite ends in the longitudinal direction are cut.
NOVELTY - A modular multifunctional fuel cell comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic end plate (1) with integrated media distribution and sensors; a current removal plate (2) with channels for media; a plastic sealing support; a polymer electrolyte membrane; a unipolar plate as a gas distributor; a fine gas distributor; a seal for the polymer electrolyte membrane cell elements; an electrically conducting gas-tight film (e.g. graphite film) with different openings for the media flow; and a seal (10) uniformly distributed over the surface. The fiber-reinforced plastic end plate mechanically stabilizes the cell and is thermally insulated from the surroundings.    USE - Used as a multiple cell battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is reliable and quick to install.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The unipolar plate is made from graphite having a structured surface on the side facing away from the media flow. The media is air, oxygen-enriched air, hydrogen or hydrogen-rich reformate gas, deionized water or insulating oil.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell.    Fiber-reinforced plastic end plate (1)    Current removal plate (2)    Seal (10)
NOVELTY - A top surface protective film that has a water repellent and oil repellent antifouling layer on a substrate film.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The falling angle in the distilled water or the n-hexadecane of 30 degrees or less and the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of dynamic friction of 0.3 or less prevent stain adhesion, and easily washes the water-based or oily dust in the air by rainwater. The solar battery module has less adhesion and accumulation of stains including the water-based or oily dust in the air and efficiently uses sunlight for power generation, and has high photoelectric conversion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery module consists of a laminate consisting of the substrate film side and a light receiving surface having a photo electromotive force element.
NOVELTY - A new polyphenyl azomethine derivative has a specific formula.    USE - For positive electrodes of protonic secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - A light weight protonic secondary battery having a higher capacity and a longer operating life is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new polyphenyl azomethine derivative has formula (1-1) or (2-2).    R1, R2, R3 = alkyl or aryl group;    R', R'', R''' = hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group;    n, m = integer equal to or larger than 2
NOVELTY - The proton conductive film has a porous membrane which bears polymer comprising a phosphorous acidic radical, phosphonic acid group or a phosphinic acid group in its side chain.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductivity film has high proton conductivity and strength, and can be obtained at reduced cost. The polymer is insoluble in water. Polymer has high adhesion to porous membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous membrane is ultra-molecule polyolefin resin or fluororesin. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Proton conductive film manufacture; and    (2) Fuel cell which uses proton conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows electric current-voltage (I-V) curve determined by Tafel method, which indicates fuel cell characteristics of the film negative electrode contact piece prepared using the proton conductive film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The base has a low melting alloy plate (7) provided between a pair of isolated electrodes (3,4), which is covered by the flux (8). The alloy plate and electrodes are sealed by a flexible plastic sheet (1) comprising a thermosensitive resin layer (2).    USE - Fuse for lithium ion secondary battery used in electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - By the provision of thermosensitive resin layer, plastic sheet is sealed easily and the fuse with outstanding damp-proofness is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of fuse.    Flexible plastic sheet (1)    Thermosensitive resin layer (2)    Electrodes (3,4)    Low melting alloy plate (7)    Flux (8)
NOVELTY - Gel like polyelectrolyte for lithium cell consists of hardened reaction product of a composition containing terpolymer with three specific repeating units, lithium salt and organic solvent.    USE - For lithium cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of electrolyte is prevented even on increasing the capacity of the cell. The swelling phenomenon by the electrolyte is inhibited, hence reliability and safety of the battery are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The terpolymer has three repeating units of formulae (I-III).    R = 1-12C alkyl group; and    n = 1-12    The polyelectrolyte is obtained by polymerizing the composition with crosslinking agent in presence of a catalyst.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the charging and discharging graph of lithium secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An insulating coating having a film thickness of 2-20 micrometers is formed on the surface of a metal substrate.    USE - The method produces the insulated substrate used for a thin film polycrystal silicon solar battery having high power generation efficiency.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silicone-based coating material provides the insulating film with enhanced heat stability. The result evolves no defects, including blistering. Less heat deterioration is observed even at high-temperature heating in forming a thin film polycrystal silicon solar battery cell. No heat crack is observed, exhibiting superior insulation. The insulated substrate has superior heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The insulating film is formed by blending a silicone-based resin using a Si-O bond of formula as a principal chain skeleton with a glass frit powder, 5-40 percent by mass, serving as a heat-resistant pigment.    R1, R2 = alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl;    R3, R4 = phenyl;    m = less than n.
NOVELTY - A primer composition is used for adhesive sealing to the carbon separator of a fuel battery. The primer composition is formed by dissolving a platinum-based catalyst and a silane coupling agent in an organic solvent.    USE - The primer composition is used for the fuel battery formed by laying up a member, including the carbon separator, a solid electrolyte, an electrode on the fuel battery and by sticking and sealing the member by the use of a hardening resin and particularly finds its application in the adhesive sealing agent using the addition polymeric isobutylene resin.    ADVANTAGE - The hardening composition using the primer composition has quick hardening without evolving poor hardening to the carbon separator, exhibiting good adhesion. Adhesion with high strength is observed without compromising workability, costs, resin preservation by previously applying the primer composition to the carbon separator and by applying the addition polymeric isobutylene to the carbon separator for hardening. Sufficient adhesion is observed without separation even if vibration, shock are encountered. No high-temperature and long-term heating is required.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a separator (SP1,SP2) containing a gas passageway. The electrodes contain a catalyst layer (1,5) containing a fluoropolymer and its precursor containing sulfonic acid groups. The fluoropolymer is different in the inlet and outlet regions of the gas passageway. The melting extrusion temperature of the precursor of fluoropolymer in the inlet and outlet regions, is 5-200degreesC.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Drainage of the outlet region of the gas passageway of catalyst layer, is improved. Reaction site of the catalyst layer is ensured. Generation of flooding is prevented, even when heavy current is passed. The fuel cell has high battery output for long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid polymer fuel cell consists of a separator (SP1,SP2) containing a gas passageway having a inlet and outlet. The separator contacts an anode (6) containing gaseous diffusion layer (4) and catalyst layer (5), and cathode (3) containing gaseous diffusion layer (2) and catalyst layer (1). The polymeric electrolyte film is arranged between the cathode and anode. The catalyst layer contains a fluoropolymer and its precursor containing two or more sulfonic acid groups. The fluoropolymer in the catalyst layer is different in the inlet and outlet regions of the gas passageway. The melting extrusion temperature of the precursor of fluoropolymer in the inlet and outlet regions, is 5-200degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solid polymer fuel cell.    Catalyst layer (1,5)    Gaseous diffusion layer (2,4)    Cathode (3)    Anode (6)    Separator (SP1,SP2)
NOVELTY - The storage battery has a battery-jar component which contains 60 weight% or more of regeneration polypropylene as raw material.    USE - As storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The storage battery has a battery jar component containing polypropylene resin which is recyclable. This enables the use of polypropylene resin component of inferior quality, generated by the manufacturing process. The resin components of the used storage batteries are used for other components, such as lid and liquid stopper. The polypropylene resin components are also colored by pigments, and used. Thus the environment and resource protection recycle activity is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the transition of a reduction in the tensile strength of the storage battery and a comparative product. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A polymer gel electrolyte comprises a base polymer and polymer compounds which penetrate or tangle with each other and form a polymer network structure. The polymer compound has a ring structure.    USE - For electrochemical devices including batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The new polymer gel electrolyte has a higher ionic conductivity and a higher mechanical strength. It is heat resistant.
NOVELTY - A high-molecular dispersion liquid crystal element has a pair of substrates, a high-molecule liquid crystal composite layer, and electrodes.    USE - The high-molecular dispersion liquid crystal element is used for a display using a liquid crystal, an optical shutter, a battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the high-molecular compound suppresses a relaxed display state, particularly, suppresses a relaxed transparent state. A high-molecule precursor is polymerized without external field application to a mixture consisting of a liquid crystal and a high molecule precursor. The result evolves no macro-liquid crystal flow to assure uniform liquid crystal alignment. The high-molecule easily retains liquid crystal alignment with respect to the transparent state and a light scattering state. The resulting liquid crystal element requires no several second-voltage application for forming a desired memory state. The high-molecular dispersion liquid crystal element has good memory properties and high response speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The high-molecule liquid crystal composite layer is formed by dispersing a two-frequency driving liquid crystal having positive and negative dielectric constant anisotropies into a high-molecular compound layer sandwiched between the substrates. The electrodes apply a voltage to the high-molecule liquid crystal composite layer. The high-molecular compound has a meshed structure in which the straight chains of a straight chain macromolecule are bonded through a crosslinking agent to each other. The high-molecular straight chain has a side chain in which its terminal is a free terminal. A ratio of the length of the side chain to the length of the residue of the crosslinking agent is greater than 0.25 and less than 2.
NOVELTY - A raw material (21) whose viscosity is adjusted, is made to adhere to the surface of a base material (1) by pressing between the base material and a concave groove (31) formed in a metallic mold (3) with a shape corresponding to a sealant. The mold is then released and the raw material is cured to obtain the sealant (2) as an attachment on one side of the base material.    USE - For attaching a sealant to the peripheral surface of a base material such as the case of a separator, a solid polymer fuel cell formed with an electrolyte film, etc.    ADVANTAGE - A sealant can be attached on the surface of a base material easily with a high dimensional accuracy and outline form without variation by curing the raw material adhering to the base material after pressing the raw material with a preadjusted viscosity between the groove of a metallic mold and the surface of the base material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the method for attaching a sealant on a base material.    Base material (1)    Sealant (2)    Metallic mold (3)    Raw material (21)    Concave groove (31)
NOVELTY - The solid electrolytic capacitor comprises a cathode electrode foil (2) containing through-hole, anode electrode foil (1) with a dielectric oxide film, and a support plate (11) containing through-hole on at least one side of the electrolyte layer. The electrode foils are laminated by a separator (3) containing 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene monomer, which is heated under pressure and polymerized, in the presence of oxidizing agent.    USE - For vehicle mounting.    ADVANTAGE - Suitable pressure is applied, and polymerization reaction is finalized after sufficient permeation of the monomer and the oxidizing agent. Thus, large sized flat plate and uniform solid electrolyte layer is formed. Since adhesion of the oxide film on the anode electrode foil and solid electrolyte layer is increased, electrostatic capacitance is increased and equivalent series resistance value is reduced. The solid electrolytic capacitor has high volume and high frequency characteristics, particularly, high withstand voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pressure applied at the time of pressurization of the monomer is 30-1000 kg/cm2. The solid electrolytic capacitor has a high withstand voltage of 100 V, high electrostatic capacitance of 5 muF or more, high frequency of 5-1000 KHz at equivalent series resistance of less than 100 mOMEGA.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of the solid electrolytic capacitor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the solid electrolytic capacitor.    Anode electrode foil (1)    Cathode electrode foil (2)    Separator (3)    Support plate (11)
NOVELTY - The non aqueous secondary battery comprises a negative plate obtained by coating a negative plate material on a negative plate collector. The negative plate material contains a binder and an active material. The binder contains a cross linking carboxy containing polymer and a cross-linking material containing epoxy-group(S), where the epoxy-group(S) and carboxy group reacts.    USE - As non aqueous secondary battery used for portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The non aqueous secondary battery is small sized, with reduced capacity accompanied by charging and discharging cycle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non aqueous secondary battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative plate and a non aqueous electrolyte. The negative plate is obtained by coating a negative plate material comprising a binder and an active material on a negative plate collector. The binder present in the negative plate material contains a cross-linking carboxy-containing polymer and a cross-linking material containing epoxy-group(S), where epoxy-group(s) and carboxy group reacts.
NOVELTY - A safety valve (27) comprising a metal foil (24) is fixed by clamping its periphery made of plastic material to the base of the counterbore in order to obstruct the opening end of the ventilation hole.    USE - In portable equipment like cordless audio-visual equipment, portable personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Provides enhanced safety and can be made cheaply eliminating possibilities of damage and deformation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for battery safety mechanism manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining manufacturing process of battery safety mechanism. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Metal foil (24)    Safety valve (27)
NOVELTY - A battery packages a non-aqueous battery element having a cathode and an anode, by a laminate film. The laminate film (10) has a polyolefin type resin layer (12) and metal layer (11), laminated through an adhesive layer.    USE - For non-aqueous batteries, such as a lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has excellent water-resistance permeability and high durability. The battery stably maintains the battery property of the non-aqueous battery element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the laminate film in battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Laminate film (10)    Metal layer (11)    Polyolefin type resin layer (12)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolytic fuel cell in which electrodes; gas introducing electrode diffusion layer; separators for preventing mixture of gases and ensuring current collection the electrode surface and electrical connection in the direction of the thickness of the cell and for constituting the shell of a unit cell; are provided on both sides of an electrolytic film containing a matrix serving as a film base material and a proton donor are provided in order, wherein non-crystalline polyolefin is used for the electrolytic film matrix.    USE - Solid polymer electrolytic fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A soft resin protective layer (4), a sealing material layer (3) and a photo voltaic cell group (1) are sequentially laminated on a rigid resin substrate (5) whose surface is covered by a transparent adhesive layer (6).    USE - Solar power generation module installed on roof of buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Internal thermal stress generated between the photo voltaic cells, is reduced effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar power generation module.    Photo voltaic cell group (1)    Sealing material layer (3)    Soft resin protective layer (4)    Rigid resin substrate (5)    Transparent adhesive layer (6)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive paste is applied to a metal wire (202) and is heated with a baking furnace, to form an electroconductive coating layer. The coating and heating processes are performed repeatedly 5-20 times, to obtain the collector electrode.    USE - For photo voltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The production yield of the collector electrode is favorable. The electrode is reliable and has a long life. The adhesive property of the paste is favorable and the electrode has low resistance value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus for forming collector electrode.    Metal wire (202)
NOVELTY - Polyguanamines comprising 6-substituted 1,3,5-triazine unit and diaminoalkane unit gives high ion conductivity and is useful as a polymer electrolyte, especially for a Li-cell solid electrolyte and a gel electrolyte.    USE - Used in polymer electrolyte, especially a solid electrolyte for Li-cell and a gel electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Product provides very high ion conductivity when used as a polymer electrolyte. It is especially suited to be used as a polymer electrolyte of a Li-cell. It is soluble in organic solvent and gives high film forming ability and is thermally stable in addition to good mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polyguanamine comprises a structural unit of formula (I).    R1 = -(CH2CH2O)pR2 or -(CH2CH(CH3)O)qR3;    p, q = integer 0-30;    n = integer 1-30;    R2 and R3 = H, 1-12C alkyl, aralkyl or aralkyl or 1-12C aryl; and    R4, R5 = H, 1-12C alkyl;    Also included is a claim for manufacturing method of polyguanamines comprising polycondensing a substituted triazinedihalide of formula (II) and a diaminoalkanes of formula (III).    X = halogen atom
NOVELTY - A binder is formed of polyacrylic lithium salt and calboxy methyl cellulose sodium salt.    USE - Useful in a lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Charge discharge cycle characteristics are excellent.
NOVELTY - A macromolecular solid electrolyte contains a compound having an acid anhydride structure, and a Group Ia metallic salt in a high-molecular compound.    USE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte is used for the secondary battery (claimed), a primary battery, capacitor, electrochromic display element, medical actuator.    ADVANTAGE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity, superior electrochemical stability, high retention for a plasticizer and an alkali metal salt. Its film has flexibility. Its gel has superior liquid retention. The secondary battery has superior charge discharge characteristics, good liquid retention, superior shelf life stability in a charged state, and enhanced reliability. Least liquid leakage is observed.
NOVELTY - The polishing silicon ball (W) has a perfect sphere of 0.1 microns or less, and a surface roughness of 0.5 nmRas or less.    USE - Polishing silicon ball such as single crystal silicon ball or polycrystalline silicon ball used as spherical semiconductor circuit base during integrated circuit (IC) manufacture and also for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to be used as single crystal by accurately maintaining the surface layer without crystal distortion and residual stress. Enables simple installation and high production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polishing silicon ball manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a notched perspective diagram of the polishing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Polishing silicon ball (W)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer subassembly, fuel cell stacks, an air supply header, an air and water return header, a fuel supply header and a fuel discharge header. Each fuel cell stack has fuel inlet channels, an air inlet channel, and an air and water outlet channel.    USE - Used in electric utility systems, and in residential and light commercial applications.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system has improved discrete fuel cell modules, and provides for economical and efficient production of electricity. It can be made more compact and achieves optimal mass transport. The fuel cell stack replacement is simplified and maintenance operation for failed fuel cell assemblies are quicker with less down time. Flooding and drying out of the electrolyte are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer subassembly (100), fuel cell stacks (210), an air supply header (260), an air and water return header (270), a fuel supply header (240), and a fuel discharge header (250). The fuel cell stacks are arranged to surround the reformer assembly. Each fuel cell stack has fuel inlet channels having top and bottom, an air inlet channel, and an air and water outlet channel. The air supply header serves to connect an air supplying mechanism to the fuel cell stack. The air and water return header is connected to the air and water outlet channel. The fuel supply header serves to connect the reformer sub-assembly to the top of the fuel inlet channels. The fuel discharge header is connected to the bottom of the fuel inlet channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system.    Reformer subassembly (100)    Fuel cell stacks (210)    Fuel supply header (240)    Fuel discharge header (250)    Air supply header (260)    Transition pieces (265)    Air and water return header (270)
NOVELTY - A method for manufacturing rutile titanium oxide slurry to decrease manufacturing cost of a dye-reacting solar cell, by reducing manufacturing cost of the rutile titanium oxide film as compared with a titanium oxide of an anatase structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Rutile titanium oxide powder is prepared. The rutile titanium oxide powder is distributed in distilled water to form a colloid solution. Polyethyleneglycol and poly ethylene oxide are added to the colloid solution. The colloid solution is stirred up to manufacture rutile titanium oxide slurry.
NOVELTY - The negative plate active material powder of lithium ion battery, comprises high molecular compound component and active material particle component. The high molecular compound component forms a covalent bond on the surface of the active material particle component.    USE - For lithium ion battery used in electric and electronic devices like telephone, video camera, notebook type personal computer, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method of lithium ion battery electrode plate includes simplified rolling process, producing lithium ion battery having high capacitance and low temperature characteristics. The electrode mixture paste of the lithium ion battery has excellent storage stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The negative plate active material powder contains 0.4-0.8 weight parts of high molecular compound component to 100 weight parts of active material particle component. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Lithium ion battery negative electrode plate;    (2) Manufacturing method of lithium ion battery negative electrode plate;    (3) Electroconductive agent powder for lithium ion battery anode mixture;    (4) Lithium ion battery positive electrode plate; and    (5) Manufacturing method of lithium ion battery positive electrode plate.
NOVELTY - A lead alloy sheet (1) is partially processed to form lattice frames (6,7). A resin frame (15) is attached to the edges of lattice frame by ultrasonic welding.    USE - For lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The lead frame is light weight and has excellent discharge property and longer life span.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lead structure formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the lattice manufacture method.    Lead alloy sheet (1)    Lattice frames (6,7)    Resin frame (15)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell plate having first and second surfaces, is applied with a coating precursor on the first surface and exposed to radiation or heat to initiate polymerization. The coating precursor is adapted to polymerize in response to radiation or heat.    USE - For electrically insulating and sealing fuel cell plates.    ADVANTAGE - The coating frequencies can be quickly and precisely applied to fuel cell plates resulting in substantial cost savings. The cured solid coatings provide excellent chemical resistance with mechanical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) an insulated fuel cell plate; and    (b) an ultraviolet radiation-curable coating precursor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sketch of an exploded cross-sectional view of fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell assembly (100)    Fuel cells (102)    Multi-layer active portion (104)    Bipolar plates (106)    End plate (108)    Membrane electrode assembly (110)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (114)    Anode (116)    Cathode (118)
NOVELTY - A lithium battery comprises an electrode assembly having a cathode, an anode and a separator; a gel electrolyte; and a case. The gel electrolyte is prepared by curing a composition comprising a polysiloxane compound or polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene, a polyethylene glycol derivative and an organic solvent containing a lithium salt.    USE - The lithium battery is used in electronic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The battery uses a polymeric gel electrolyte that can effectively suppress swelling of the battery caused by the electrolytic solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium battery comprises:    (a) an electrode assembly having a cathode, an anode and a separator;    (b) a gel electrolyte; and    (c) a case that accommodates the electrode assembly and the gel electrolyte.    The gel electrolyte is prepared by curing a composition comprising a polysiloxane compound of formula (I) or a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene compound of formula (II), a polyethylene glycol derivative of formula (III) and an organic solvent containing a lithium salt.    R1-O-(CH2)m-(Si(R2R3)-O)n-Si(R2R3)-(CH2)n-O-R4 (I) R5-O-(CH2)m-(Si(R2R3)n-O)n-Si(R2R3)-(CH2)m-O-(CH2-CHR6-O-)x-R7 (II) H2C=C(R')C(=O)(OCH2CH2)n-OR'' (III)    R1 = -C(=O)CR8=CR9R24 or -CR10R11R25;    R2, R3 = CaH2a+1, phenyl, benzyl or allyl;    a = 1-5;    R4 = -C(=O)CR12=CR13R14, -CR15R16R17 or -CaH2a+1;    R5, R7 = -C(O)CR18=C(R19R20) or -CR21(R22R23);    R6 = H or CaH2a+1;    m = 1-5;    n = 1-20;    x = 1-15;    R8-R25 = H or -CbH2b+1;    b = 1-5;    R' = H or CH3; and    R'' = H, -C(=O)CH=CH2 or -C(=O)C(CH3)=CH2.
NOVELTY - An anion receptor comprises a boron-based compound.    USE - The anion receptor is used as additives in non-aqueous battery electrolytes useful in lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The invention enhances the conductivity of lithium battery electrolytes and increases the transference number of the lithium ion in electrolytes. It is a cost saving for the electrolytes. The lithium batteries using the inventive anion receptor have an increased rate capability or discharge current density, and an increased cathode utilization because of the increased lithium ion transference number.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An anion receptor comprises a boron-based compound of formula QO2BR or (QO)2BR.    R = fluorinated phenyl or fluorinated alkyl substituted phenyl;    Q = -C6H3F-, -C6H2F2-, C6HF3-, -C6F4-, -((CF3)2C)2-, C6F5, or (CF3)2CH.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an electrochemical cell comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent and electrolyte additive comprising the inventive anion receptor; and    (B) a non-aqueous battery electrolyte comprising solvent, lithium salt, and an additive comprising the inventive anion receptor.
NOVELTY - An olefin-resin sheet modified by the ethylenic unsaturated silane compound expressed by R1SiR2nY3-n, where R1 is a hydrocarbon group, Y is the hydrocarboxy group and n' is the integer of 0-2, is formed between a front cover and the solar battery element. The sheet consists of radical generating agent of 0.001 weight percent (wt.%) or less, laminated with gel having molar fraction of 30 % or less.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides excellent bonding strength between the front and back covers.
NOVELTY - Fabrication of a porous film (F) for an accumulator battery by binding a modifier to at least two carbon atoms of the polymer film.    USE - Batteries for portable applications and e.g. automobiles    ADVANTAGE - The battery has reduced cost and high reliability    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for the fabrication of a porous film (F) for an accumulator battery comprising the following stages: formation of a porous polymer film; modifying at least one part of the film by binding a substituent, with a different group to that in the polymer, to the carbon atoms of the polymer chain to cover at least two successive C atoms of the substituent.    INDEPENDENT claims are included for porous film (F), (ii) an electrode of a non-aqueous accumulator comprising a plaque for a positive or negative electrode and porous film (F) attached to the plaque
NOVELTY - Provided is a method for recycling a waste lithium secondary battery using LiCoO2 as an anode active material, which can separate cobalt and lithium effectively in a high purity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of: heating the waste lithium secondary battery and cutting to separate plastic fragments; heating the resultant to make electrode material powdered and separating the electrode material and metal fragments; burning the separated electrode material to eliminate a carbon or organic binders and to select LiCoO2 only; dissolving LiCoO2 in sulfuric acid or nitric acid to leach and separate the cobalt and the lithium. And the plastic fragments are separated form the metal fragments by using the difference of specific gravity and the metal fragments are sorted by using the difference of magnetic force.
NOVELTY - The lead storage battery is obtained by laminating an anode plate and a cathode plate through a separator. A lignocellulose impregnated with phenol derivative is provided on the cathode plate or cathode plate and separator.    USE - For uninterruptable electric power devices, electric and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The lead storage battery having excellent durability is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lead storage battery contains wood meal as lignocellulose. The phenol derivative is 2-methoxy phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy phenols or polyphenols.
NOVELTY - The closed type lead storage battery contains an exhaust port, which is sealed using a rubber safety valve. A fluorine oil which does not contain chlorine is applied in molecular structure of the safety valve.    USE - As closed type lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The closed type lead storage battery is highly durable. By using a rubber valve containing ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber applied with perfluoro polyether group oil, determination of battery properties is prevented. The pressure of switching valve action is maintained stably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the capacitance transition in 60degreesC float test. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The polymer battery composite package (1) has aluminum foil (3), a surface treatment layer (6), maleic anhydride modified polypropylene layer (4) and thermoplastic resin layer (5) laminated sequentially on composite aluminum foil (2) having a metal adhesion amount of 1-100 mg/m2 on foil (3) surface. Layer (6) contains a metal chosen from chromium, zirconium, titanium and silicon.    USE - For polymer batteries (claimed) used for power supply of electronic devices, such as mobile telephones, note type personal computers and video cameras.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer battery composite package has excellent heat sealing property and adhesion with electrode terminals. The peeling of aluminum foil and thermoplastic resin layer is prevented. The manufacturing method provides composite package with excellent electrolyte-resistance and solvent resistance when contacted with electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) the manufacture of the polymer battery composite package; and    (2) a polymer battery using polymer battery composite package.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of polymer battery composite package. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Polymer battery composite package (1)    Composite aluminum foil (2)    Aluminum foil (3)    Maleic anhydride modified polypropylene layer (4)    Thermoplastic resin layer (5)    Surface treatment layer (6)
NOVELTY - A porous separator (3) made of polymer and containing organic electrolyte is provided between anode and cathode plates (2,1). The thickness of separator (3) is lesser than the thickness of base material (3a) which holds the separator.    USE - For manufacturing battery such as lithium polymer secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Adherence of polymer to heat roller surface is prevented, even when positional offset of cathode plate or separator is generated. Ensures highly reliable stabilized separator with high operation rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing method of battery.    Positive and negative electrode plates (1,2)    Porous separator (3)    Base material (3a)
NOVELTY - Polymer is impregnated on strip-shaped electrode sheet by passing the sheet through polymer solution obtained by dissolving polymer in solvent. Subsequently, solvent extraction is performed and solvent is removed by immersing the sheet in an extracting tank (42) stored with deionized water having electric conductivity of 5 microseimens/cm or less. The sheet is dried and electrolyte is held by the polymer.    USE - For manufacturing non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The extracting solvent is inexpensive and the solvent does not deteriorate the properties of secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal cross-sectional view of solvent extraction stage. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Extracting tank (42)
NOVELTY - The lithium polymer secondary battery comprises a microporous polyolefin thin film (3) and gel-like polymer electrolyte (4) arranged between anode (1) and negative plate (2) and sealed within exterior packing material (7). The gel comprises two laminations of polyarylonitrile group thin-film absorbed with non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE - As lithium polymer secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium polymer secondary battery has improved heat safety, even till the terminal stage of the cycle, due to the presence of the gel electrolyte film. The polyethylene fine porous film has a surface heat-absorption effect. The lithium polymer secondary battery does not ignite even when exposed to high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microporous polyolefin thin film is a polyethylene film. The polyacrylonitrile group thin film comprises 90% of polymer material containing acrylonitrile unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of the exterior component, comprising lamination material which shows the composition of the lithium polymer secondary battery.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Polyolefin thin film (3)
NOVELTY - The battery components such as an anode plate, a non-aqueous electrolyte and a cathode plate are attached to a separator made of polymer. The lamination-integration of the battery components is performed by passing the components through gap between two rollers of a hot roll, after contacting the top surface of the hot roll.    USE - For manufacturing lithium polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces variation in the thickness of the battery and stabilizes battery characteristics. Improves productivity of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the cathode plate.
NOVELTY - A core agent solution containing chlorophyll group pigment dissolved/dispersed in a core agent solvent, and a shell agent solution containing polyfunctional isocyanate dissolved in volatile solvent, are mixed and emulsified in an emulsifying-dispersing aqueous solution containing emulsifier and dispersing agent. The volatile solvent is distilled and a chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule is obtained.    USE - For manufacture of associative chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule.    ADVANTAGE - The chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule having predetermined degree of association is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A core agent solution containing chlorophyll group pigment and a core agent solvent which dissolves or disperses chlorophyll group pigment, is prepared. A shell agent solution containing polyfunctional isocyanate dissolved in volatile solvent, is prepared. The core agent solution and shell agent solution are mixed and emulsified in an emulsifying-dispersing aqueous solution containing an emulsifier and an dispersing agent. The volatile solvent is distilled and a chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microcapsule is obtained. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for chlorophyll group pigment inclusion microparticle which has core portion containing core agent solvent which dissolves disperses chlorophyll group pigment, and shell portion containing polyurea resin which coated the core portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the visible absorption spectrum of chlorophyll group pigment (I) in the core agent solution of n-hexyl alcohol and n-tridecane. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The slurry comprises an oxide powder and a binder. The oxide powder has a particle diameter of 0.1-1 mum, and 90% of oxide powder has an average particle diameter of less than 3 mum. The binder contains 40-95 mass% of copolymer of 1-20C alkyl (meth)acrylate as main monomer. The alkyl (meth)acrylate group copolymer has acid value, amine titer and/or hydroxyl value which is in the range of 1-80.    USE - For solid electrolyte film formation (claimed) for solid electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The oxide thin film has excellent moldability, thermal decomposition property and gas shielding property. The slurry controls the heat resistance of the fuel cell. Durability of the electrolyte film forming apparatus is enhanced. The electrolyte film is obtained economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - The cadmium negative plate contains active material layer (2) comprising cadmium compound as main component. The active material layer is covered by an ultraviolet rays cured resin layer (1) comprising styryl pyridinium salt and polyvinyl alcohol.    USE - For nickel-cadmium storage battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the negative plate is covered by ultraviolet rays cured resin layer containing styryl pyridinium salt and polyvinyl alcohol, the charging and discharging cycle of the battery are improved. The melting of cadmium is prevented and the shelf-life of nickel-cadmium storage battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) manufacture of a cadmium negative plate comprising immersing the negative plate or applying with a polyvinyl alcohol solution containing styryl pyridinium salt and irradiated with ultraviolet irradiation, the styryl pyridinium salt and polyvinyl alcohol cross-linking to form ultraviolet (UV) rays resin layer;    (ii) nickel-cadmium storage battery equipped with positive electrode containing nickel as main material, negative plate containing cadmium as main material, separator and alkali electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of negative plate.    Ultraviolet rays cured resin layer (1)    Active material layer (2)    Conductive layer (4)
NOVELTY - A gel-like thermal storage material (13) between a floor material and a heat insulation panel (6), is sealed by a heat accumulation panel (7). A thermal source (8) is provided between the heat accumulation panel and the floor material. A metal thin film layer (17) for thermal diffusion, is formed on the surface of panel (7).    USE - For heating floors in apartment and residence.    ADVANTAGE - The repair or exchange of a heater is performed easily, without damaging the floor or wall of a room, hence enables maintaining the warmness in a room for a long time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Thermal storage material; and    (2) Floor heating structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the floor heating structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat insulation panel (6)    Heat accumulation panels (7)    Thermal source (8)    Thermal storage material (13)    Metal thin film layer (17)
NOVELTY - Polyester having a substituted triazine dithio structural unit is new.    USE - The polyester having a substituted triazine dithio structural unit is useful for an electrolyte for lithium battery of high capacity and high energy density.    ADVANTAGE - The polyester having a substituted triazine thio structural unit has high ion conductivity when it is used as a polymer solid electrolyte or a gel electrolyte, it has good mechanical strength and high heat resistance. It has high processability and can be solved in an organic solvent and formed into a film easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polyester having a substituted triazine dithio structural unit, has a structural unit of (1) and one or more structural units of (a), (b) and (c).    R1 = group of (2);    p, q = 1-30;    X = group of (a) or (b) or group of (4).    R2, R3 = H, 1-12C alkyl or aralkyl, or 6-12C aryl;    m,n = 1-30;    k = 1-30.
NOVELTY - A vacuum condensing solar boiler is provided to reduce the cost for facilities and to promote warmth-keeping and heat conductivity by vacuuming the structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Mercury is coated on the semi-circular portion on the bottom of a semi-circular glass tube(1) to receive sunlight in a vertical state. If light is condensed in an oval titanium tube(3) of high conductivity through an oval glass tube(2) due to the refraction of the light, thermal energy is accumulated in a heat medium. For increasing thermal energy absorption coefficient, the oval titanium tube is painted in black. The inner oval glass tube and the oval titanium tube are vacuumized by a ledge(5) of a silicone type vacuum cap(4) or a ledge(6) of the semi-circular glass tube. Therefore, warmth-keeping efficiency and conductivity are enhanced.
NOVELTY - A curable composition for a high molecule solid electrolyte has four essential components (A) - (D). (A) polysiloxane having an SiH group, (B) a compound having an organic group, (C) a hydrosililated catalyst. and (D) an electrolytic chloride compound .    USE - Useful in a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - Ion conductivity is high and its temperature dependency is low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A curable composition for a high molecule solid electrolyte has four essential components (A) - (D).    (A) polysiloxane having an SiH group;    (B) a compound having an organic group selected from a group consisting of a benzene ring, polysiloxyl coupling (a coupling consisting of Si-O-Si), a carbonyl group , amide coupling, and an amino group and at least two alkenyl group;    (C) a hydrosililated catalyst; and    (D) an electrolytic chloride compound.
NOVELTY - A gel-like ionic conductive electrolyte contains a resin, electrolyte and a photoinitiator containing amino-free benzophenone derivative.    USE - For electrochemical devices such as battery.    ADVANTAGE - The gel-like ionic conductive electrolyte has excellent mechanical strength and cyclic characteristic, maintenance property with respect to external stress, heat resistance, and ionic conductivity. The gel-like ionic conductive electrolyte is formed in a short period of time. The electrolyte is suitable for lamination forming of thin film electrochemical devices simply. The electrochemical device having excellent dimensional accuracy of the package is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrochemical device formed using the gel-like ionic conductive electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer fuel cell has an electrolyte film electrode contact piece, which contains a solid polymer electrolyte film with a catalyst layer (2A) and a gaseous diffusion layer (3), on both sides. The catalyst layer contains a high water content layer (22) at the electrolyte film side and a low water content layer (21) at the gaseous diffusion layer.    USE - For electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer fuel cell has improved gaseous diffusion property, electroconductivity and excellent electricity generation characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of solid polymer fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the second catalyst layer formed on the gaseous diffusion layer.    Catalyst layer (2A)    Gaseous diffusion layer (3)    Low water content catalyst layer (21)    High water content catalyst layer (22)
NOVELTY - Solid macromolecular electrolyte is formed by containing an isocyanate group-bearing compound and a Group Ia metallic salt in a high-molecular compound.    USE - The solid macromolecular electrolyte is used for secondary battery, primary battery, capacitor, electrochromic display device, medical actuator.    ADVANTAGE - The solid macromolecular electrolyte has high ion conductivity, superior electrochemical stability, and enhanced retention performance in terms of plasticizer, alkali metallic salt. Its film has flexibility. Its gel has superior liquid retention and stability at charge and discharge. The secondary battery has superior performance, including charge discharge characteristics, and good liquid retention, evolving least liquid leakage, and superior shelf life stability under charged state, enhancing reliability.
NOVELTY - A composition for sealing a solar battery consists of a polymer blend or a polymer alloy consisting of at least one polyolefinic copolymer and at least one crystalline polyolefin.    USE - The composition is used for sealing the solar battery and finds its applications in the solar battery module and the building material-integrated solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The polyolefinic copolymer has superior weather resistance and transparency. The crystalline polyolefin has heat resistance and mechanical strength. The resulting sealing material has superior weather resistance, transparency, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. The solar battery module has enhanced heat resistance, creep resistance, and scratch resistance. The building material-integrated solar battery module is used under severe conditions under high temperatures.
NOVELTY - Edge strip installation method, involves bending thin strip to U-shape of required length and then inserting edge of battery plate into opened end of the strip supported by stopper.    USE - For placing edge strips on battery plates of industrial batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces labor and cost of placing the edge strip on battery plates due to adopting simple technique.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin strip is bent to U-shape and a channel is formed. The channel is cut to form an edge strip (16) having a length substantially equal to length of an edge of a battery plate (10). The edge strip is supported by a stopper (96) so as to orient the open end of the strip in a specific direction. The battery plate is moved towards opened end of the supported strip so that edge of the battery plate is inserted into the edge strip. The stopper is then released.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for insertion device for inserting edge of battery into an edge strip.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the edge strip in installation stage.    Battery plate (10)    Edge strip (16)    Stopper (96)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous secondary battery has positive electrode formed by forming positive electrode mix layer on at least one surface of positive electrode collector, negative electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode mix contains a fluorine-based non-ionic surface active agent.    USE - The method produces non-aqueous secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous secondary battery has high capacity and superior charge discharge characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production method of non-aqueous secondary battery.
NOVELTY - New laminate comprises: (i) a layer of amorphous silicon, polysilicon or polycrystalline compounds; (ii) a liquid crystal polymer film; and (iii) an electrical conductive layer. The liquid crystal polymer shows optical anisotropic property when it is melted.    USE - The laminate is used in flexible solar cells used for calculators, watches, houses or streetlights.    ADVANTAGE - The new laminate is flexible, having higher heat resistance and dimensional stability, lower water absorptivity, and excellent water vapor barrier performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: (1) a solar cell that comprises an electricity generating layer of the amorphous silicon, polysilicon, or polycrystalline compounds; and (2) a solar cell that comprises a liquid crystal polymer film, a conductive layer, an electricity generating layer and a transparent electrode.
NOVELTY - The proton conductor comprises polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride group copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene oxide, polyphenylene oxide, perfluoro sulfonic acid group resin and/or their derivatives, and fullerene derivative which introduces proton dissociation property group in carbon atom of fullerene molecule.    USE - For use in electrochemical devices such as fuel cell and air battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductor has high strength and gas permeation prevention property. The thin film of the proton conductor has high acid resistance and heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrochemical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model of the fullerene derivative. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An electroconductive paste (25) is provided on a side of a cooling plate (5) provided on upper and lower surfaces of a product layered unit (8). On the side of the paste, a short circuit jig (20) is provided. The short circuit jig is fixed to the cooling plate, by a stopping unit (21).    USE - For power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Since short circuit jig is reliably fixed, the flexibility with respect to creep deformation is achieved. The stopping unit is simple in manufacture, thus cost reduction is achieved. The crack and notch of the short circuit jig by impulse force are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell faulty unit processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the processing apparatus of faulty unit of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cooling plate (5)    Product layered unit (8)    Short circuit jig (20)    Stopping unit (21)    Electroconductive paste (25)
NOVELTY - A heat resistant protective layer (1), biaxially stretched nylon film layer (2), aluminum foil layer (3) and a thermobonding resin layer (4) are laminated in specific order so as to form the laminated film (50).    USE - For container (claimed) of lithium polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Thin laminated film excellent in mechanical characteristics such as moldability, has high degree water vapor barrier property and heat resistant property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of laminated film.    Heat resistant protective layer (1)    Nylon film layer (2)    Aluminum foil layer (3)    Thermobonding resin layer (4)    Laminated film (50)
NOVELTY - Thin shaped non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises positive electrode (4), negative plate (8) and a structure accommodating non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte mainly comprise lithium tetrafluoroborate, non-aqueous solvent consisting of gamma-butyrolactone and/or cyclic carbonate, and at least a compound chosen from vinylene carbonate, its derivative and vinyl ethylene carbonate.    USE - For power supply of electronic devices such as mobile communicating device e.g cordless telephone, portable personal computers, integrated video camera, and portable compact disk player.    ADVANTAGE - The thin-shaped non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has favorable charging and discharging cycle characteristics over a wide range of temperature. The battery has high safety and high reliability by preventing the increase in internal pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The negative plate consist of carbaneous material. The positive electrode and negative plate occlude and release lithium. An electrode object (1) comprising a separator (5) is provided between cathode and anode. The entire battery assembly is enclosed by a packing film (11) comprising laminated films interposed with gas barrier film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of thin shaped non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Electrode object (1)    Positive electrode (4)    Separator (5)    Negative plate (8)    Packing film (11)
NOVELTY - Solid macromolecular electrolyte is formed by containing Lewis acid or compound generating Lewis acid, and Group Ia metallic salt in a high-molecular compound.    USE - The solid macromolecular electrolyte is used for secondary battery, primary battery, capacitor, electrochromic display device, medical actuator.    ADVANTAGE - The solid macromolecular electrolyte has high ion conductivity, superior electrochemical stability, and enhanced retention performance in terms of plasticizer, alkali metallic salt. Its film has flexibility. Its gel has superior liquid retention and stability at high temperatures. The secondary battery has superior performance, including charge discharge characteristics, and good liquid retention, evolving least liquid leakage. It has superior shelf life stability at high temperatures and superior stability in storing charged secondary battery, enhancing reliability.
NOVELTY - The lead terminals of anode and cathode are adhered to an outer cladding film, so that the terminal project outside the film. The lead terminal (9) by the side of anode consists of aluminum or aluminum alloy and the whole circumference of the terminal (9), is sealed with an outer cladding film formed with a porous alumina material.    USE - For electronic device such as mobile telephone, personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Increases adhesion strength of lead terminals with outer cladding, thereby accidental disconnection of anode terminal is prevented. Prevents permeation of electrolyte through outer cladding film, thereby damage to terminal is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of battery.    Lead terminal (9)
NOVELTY - The separator comprises non-woven fabric which contains polyacrylonitrile group fiber and multicore type composite fiber, as main components. The multicore type composite fiber contains poly-mono vinyl aromatic ring compound having ion exchangeable group (sea component) and reinforced polymer having ion exchangeable group (island component). The sea component can be crosslinked and insolubilized.    USE - For alkali secondary batteries, such as nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, and nickel zinc batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The separator for batteries has favorable liquid holding ratio and battery characteristics. The raise of impedance by capacitance reduction due to self discharge, and charging and discharging cycle is less.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion exchangeable group in multicore fiber is cation exchangeable group. The polyacrylonitrile is homopolymer of acrylonitrile. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for alkaline secondary batteries.
NOVELTY - The thin battery has a separator provided between an anode and a cathode and an electrolyte. A filler, comprising polypropylene is provided one side of the cathode and/or anode and adhered to the separator, using an adhesive resin layer.    USE - For supplying power to small size electronic devices such as mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The thin battery has excellent safety even at high temperature.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a positive electrode containing manganese containing complex oxide as active material, a negative plate containing active material which occludes and releases lithium, and a separator containing polyolefin-type resin film whose surface is modified by cation exchange group.    USE - For electric power storage system, motor vehicle and electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery has improved cycle life, and high volume, since surface of the separator is modified by trace amount of cation exchange group such as carboxylic acid group or sulfone group. The battery does not require any ion exchange resin. The lower manganese ion eluted from positive electrode reacts with cation exchange group so that reduction of discharge capacity during repeated charging and discharging of battery is minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the charging and discharging cycle characteristics of non-aqueous secondary battery which uses separator subjected to acrylic acid graft polymerization process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolytic battery (1) has electrode object (9) formed by winding a pair of strip-shaped positive electrodes (3), strip-shaped negative plate (7) and two or more kinds of strip-shaped separators (5a,5b) of differing thermal mechanical characteristics.    USE - In electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Charging condition of positive and negative plate active material is reduced. Non-aqueous electrolytic battery is more reliable and prevents abnormal temperature rise and thermal runaway at time of overcharge. Improves heat resistance by inhibiting self heating and is safe.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of expanded and notched portion of electrode object of the non-aqueous electrolytic battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Non-aqueous electrolytic battery (1)    Strip-shaped positive electrode (3)    Strip-shaped separators (5a,5b)    Strip-shaped negative plate (7)    Electrode object (9)
NOVELTY - The polymeric gel is obtained by adding 0.01-1 mol of isocyanate group to reaction mixture (RM), to react 1 mol of residual hydroxide groups of cellulose/cellulose-ether derivative.    USE - As polymeric gel electrolyte battery for portable electronic device and personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric gel electrolyte has high ionic conductivity. The gel condition is maintained in the electrolyte even when large amount of solvent is contained in the electrolyte. The polymeric gel electrolyte suitable for power supply is obtained, since the precipitation of lithium electrolyte dissolved to the solvent, is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - RM is obtained by mixing cyanoethylated cellulose/cellulose-ether derivative with substitution degree of 2-2.8, and 1 mol of its repeating unit, lithium compound equivalent to 0.01-1 mol of lithium ions, and 10-100 mol of solvent. The polymer gel electrolyte has a cross-linked structure and high ionic conductivity.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (1) consists of a negative plate (4) comprising carbon material, which occludes and releases lithium, and 0.5-5 weight % of lithium salt of polymer which carries out carboxy modification, is used as a binder. The polymer is styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).    USE - For electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The non aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has excellent storage characteristics and cycle characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of rectangular non aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Non aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (1)    Negative plate (4)
NOVELTY - A varnish vat apparatus (2) impregnates electroconductive varnish (W) on a web-like base material (A) conveyed by a supply apparatus (1). A radiation type heater (5) dries the varnish impregnated on the base material. A winding device (8) winds the dried web-like base material.    USE - For producing battery component, electromagnetic shield.    ADVANTAGE - Improves workability of electroconductive web-like material and prevents dropping-off of skin layer as the fixing strength is high. Enables driving of web-like base material with high efficiency and electroconductive web-like material with a high quality electroconductive skin layer can be produced, economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of electroconductive web-like material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional summary figure of the principal section of the electroconductive web-like material manufacturing apparatus.    Supply apparatus (1)    Varnish vat apparatus (2)    Radiation type heater (5)    Winding device (8)    Web-like base material (A)    Varnish (W)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer type fuel cell system which is characterized by comprising a hot water feed device (41) using as a heat source a discharged fluid from an electric production system (23) with the condensation heat exchanger (38,40) of a heat collecting system (19), using feed water from a water feed system (66) as a heated source to effect heat exchange to provide hot water, and feeding the hot water to a heat using section, a gas-moisture separation unit (30) for pre-mixing drain water, produced during heat exchange in the condensation heat exchanger (38,40), with fuel which is fed to a fuel modifying system (22), and a circulation passageway (45) for circulation water in the cell main body (32) of the electric production system to effect heat exchange and feeding the resulting hot water to the heat using section.    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell system    ADVANTAGE - A solid polymer type fuel cell system which efficiently and sufficiently collects drain water contained in combustion exhaust gases and makes effective use of the collected drain water.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte composition comprises one or more polar materials; and one or more polyesters.    USE - For coulometers, displays, smart windows (variable transmission devices), cells or batteries (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composition possesses good ionic conductivity and excellent mechanical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte composition comprises one or more polar materials; and one or more polyesters of formula (III): (-A-)y.    y = 1.5-80;    A = a group of structure (IV): -O-(O)C-O-(B)x-;    x = 1-5;    B = a group of structure (V): -(R)-C-(R1)-;    R, R1 = H, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl or inert functional group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of preparing the polymer electrolyte composition, comprising preparing a solution containing a homogeneous mixture of the polyester and the salt components in a solvent; and optionally, allowing the solvent of the solution to evaporate under an inert atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a variation of conductivity with reciprocal temperature for polymer electrolytes based on a (TMC)n lithium triflate system.
NOVELTY - Provided is a polymer electrolyte composition using crosslinked polyethylene oxide, which is excellent in ionic conductivity and mechanical properties and can be used for electrochemical devices such as lithium polymer secondary batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte composition comprises: 42-74wt.% of a linear polymer having the polyethylene oxide as a main chain; 8-43wt.% of an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, or their mixture; 15-20wt.% of a lithium salt such as lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium hexa fluoro phosphate, and etc; and 4-7wt.% of an initiator.    And the polymer electrolyte is produced by a process comprising the steps of: dissolving the polymer electrolyte composition in acetonitrile solvent and casting at 40-50 degreesC; volatilizing the acetonitrile solvent under the high pure nitrogen for 0.5-3 hours; crosslinking at 60-80 degreesC for 4-6 hours.
NOVELTY - A transparent soft resin composition is film-deposited to form a sealing film. The transparent soft resin composition consists of an expandable adhesive resin composition foamed by heating.    USE - The sealing film is used for the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The irregular surface of the sealing film formed by foaming exhibits light scattering. The sealing film for the solar battery provides irregular reflection to incident light at the portions except the cell. The resulting light is again incident on the cell. The result provides the light incident on the solar battery with high utilization factor to enhance power generation efficiency.
NOVELTY - The fiber structure is a nonwoven fabric, and contains polyvinyl chloride as main component. The fiber structure has 10-50 mum of thickness, and air permeability of less than 10 sec/100 cc.in2 according to JIS P8117.    USE - For hydrogen ion conductivity polymer film (claimed) for solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fiber structure containing polyvinyl chloride which is a fluorine-free polymer, has favorable radical resistant property. The inexpensive hydrogen ion conductivity polymer film reinforcement base material for fuel cells is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen ion conductivity polymer film.
NOVELTY - A plastic sheet has dimensional change of within plus or minus 0.02 % between each before and after three heat-cycling tests in which the plastic sheet is heated at 150 degreesC for 3 hours in the air and left at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week.    USE - The plastic sheet is useful for plastic laminates having gas-barrier layer, a cured film and/or a conductive film. The plastic sheet is useful for an organic electric luminescent display panel, a touch panel, an optical disc, a panel for solar battery, low double refractive optical components, especially liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic sheet has good dimensional stability    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a plastic sheet which has a dimensional change of within plus or minus 0.02 % between each before and after three hot water cycling tests in which the plastic sheet is dipped in a water held at 40 degreesC for 1 hour and left at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week; and a plastic sheet which is produced by photo-polymerizing and by curing a polymerizing composition with active energy rays in the presence of a radically polymerizing initiator.
NOVELTY - The back-side sealing film (3) consists of polyethylene terephthalate film whose thickness is 7% or more of total thickness, and contains polymer with 18500-40000 number molecular weight laminated to a gas barrier layer.    USE - For solar battery (claimed) used in electronic components e.g. watch, calculator, mobile telephone, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Back-side sealing film has high reflecting rate, hydrolyzable resistance, heat resistance and weather resistance. Is excellent in reducing leakage current and has light-weight property. The sealing film has favorable mechanical characteristics and is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar battery which uses the solar battery back-side sealing film.    Back-side sealing film (3)
NOVELTY - The lithium cell comprises 0.25-3 weight% of heat-absorbing agent having a melting point of 100-210 degreesC, producing heat of fusion above 16 cal/g. The material of the heat-absorbing agent is different from that of the separator. The lithium cell consists of anode (1), cathode (2), separator (3) and a non-aqueous electrolyte, in a battery container (4).    USE - For electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Rise in internal pressure of the battery is prevented, when lithium cell is exposed to high temperature environmental conditions. Reaction between non-aqueous electrolyte and the anode is prevented. Reduction in discharge capacity is also prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the lithium secondary battery.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Separator (3)    Battery container (4)
NOVELTY - A gel-form electrolyte contains cross-linked product of prepolymer for epoxy resin formation, an amine, a lithium salt, and an organic solvent.    USE - Used for lithium cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The leakage of electrolyte from the case is eliminated, thereby reliable and safer lithium secondary battery is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium cell which has an electrode assembly (10) comprising a separator (13) between an anode (12) and a cathode (11), and the gel-form electrolyte accommodated in a case (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded perspective view of a common lithium ion battery.    Electrode assembly (10)    Cathode (11)    Anode (12)    Separator (13)    case (20)
NOVELTY - A solid macromolecular electrolyte contains a high-molecular compound consisting of a ring-opening polymer and an electrolytic salt.    USE - The method manufactures the solid macromolecular electrolyte for use in a primary battery, secondary battery, electronic display device and capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The high-molecular compound has high ion conductivity even at about room temperature. The solid macromolecular electrolyte has superior film deposition, flexibility and mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ring-opening polymer consists of at least one oxetane compound of formulas (I), (II) or (III).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the electrolyte comprising ring-opening polymerization of the oxetane compound in the presence of a catalyst.    m = 1-6;    n = 1-20; and    R = optionally branched 1-12C alkyl.
NOVELTY - A liquid crystal electrolyte contains a compound and a metallic salt which expresses liquid crystal property by hydrogen bonding.    USE - Used for secondary electrolyte battery, and sensor devices.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has high ionic conductivity.
NOVELTY - The oxygen electrode plate and airflow path plate (26) are bonded such that each opening (29) of airflow path plate connect with the openings of oxygen electrode plate to form an airflow path between them.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has simple structure and the electric power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the bottom planar view of airflow path forming plate.    Airflow path plate (26)    Opening (29)
NOVELTY - The edges of urethane foam sheets (1,2) are piled through a hot molten non-woven fabric (3). The piled sheets are adhered by heating, such that the thickness of the junction portion of the sheets equals the thickness of the non-junction portion of the sheets.    USE - Used as a base material for nickel metal foam production for secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The sheets are joined firmly with uniform thickness, and easily handled by using the hot molten non-woven fabric, thus the productivity of nickel foam is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the sheet joining process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Urethane foam sheets (1,2)    Hot molten non-woven fabric (3)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer containing metallic salt of group Ia. The polymer is formed by Michael addition reaction of compound A which has two or more (meth)acrylic groups in one molecule and compound B which has two or more imino groups in one molecule.    USE - Used for secondary batteries (claimed), and for primary batteries, capacitors, electrochromic display devices and medical actuators.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability. The electrolyte in the film form has flexibility. The gelled material of the electrolyte has high maintenance property. The electrolyte is manufactured easily and quickly using the compounds. The need of the high temperature conditions and the special apparatus for the production of the electrolyte are eliminated. The generation of by-products during manufacture of electrolyte is eliminated. The secondary battery comprising electrolyte excels in charging and discharging characteristics, and reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for secondary battery.
NOVELTY - Glass-less flexible solar laminate has a permanently elastic self adhesive layer on its rear side in which flat electrical lines (5) for connecting to a roof or facade and additional lines (6) for wiring are embedded.    USE - Used on roofs and facades for converting daylight into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The laminate can be easily installed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar laminate.    Rubber adhesive (2)    Foam (4)    Flat electrical lines (5)    Additional lines (6)
NOVELTY - An aqueous organic fuel-feed fuel cell includes an electrolyte having proton-conducting membrane (18) that is coupled to two electrodes (14, 16) of different polarities. A first pump (20) circulates a liquid organic fuel, which is free of acid-containing electrolytes, into the first electrode to cause potential difference between the electrodes when a second component is in the second electrode.    USE - Useful as electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive fuel cell includes a solid polymer membrane that has excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability, high ionic conductivity, and can function both as electrolyte and as a separator. The use of the membrane permits operation of fuel cell at 120 degrees C. Since the fuel and water solution is free of sulfuric acid, there is no need for expensive corrosion-resistant components in the fuel cell and its accessories.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a fuel cell. The fuel cell is operated by preparing a first electrode to operate as a first polarity electrode; circulating an organic fuel in a first surface of the first electrode; preparing a second electrode to operate as second polarity electrode; preparing an electrolyte including a proton conducting membrane; circulating a second reactive component into a second surface of the second electrode; and coupling an electrical load between the two electrodes. The organic fuel has a component that is capable of electro-oxidation, and the second reactive component includes a component that is capable of electro-reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the inventive liquid feed organic fuel cell having a solid polymeric membrane.    Two electrodes (14, 16)    Proton-conducting membrane (18)    Pump (20)
NOVELTY - A lithium primary battery is provided which has superior ion conductivity at a lower temperature and a room temperature, reduces the drying time of a solvent for dissolving a polymer resin for forming a matrix, and improves the safety of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a lithium primary battery equipped with a cathode, an anode and a polymer electrolyte which is interposed between the cathode and the anode, the lithium primary battery is characterized in that the polymer electrolyte comprises an electrolyte consisting of a polymer resin, lithium salt and non-water based solvent, wherein the polymer resin is ter-polymer comprises acrylonitrile(formula 1), methyl methacrylate(formula 2) and styrene(formula 3) repeating units, wherein the styrene repeating unit contains 0.1 to 0.6 mol.% based on one mole of ter-polymer, the acrylonitrile repeating unit contains 0.1 to 0.4 mol.% based on one mole of ter-polymer, and the methyl methacrylate repeating unit contains 0.1 to 0.4 mol.% based on one mole of ter-polymer.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a hydrogen electrode plate and a hydrogen gas passage plate (6) with several openings (2) arranged in the form of lattice. The hydrogen electrode plate and the gas passage plate are bonded such that each opening of the passage plate contacts with openings of hydrogen electrode plate to form hydrogen gas path between them.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas is supplied efficiently with a hydrogen electrode and the electric power generation of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the hydrogen gas passage plate.    Openings (2)    Hydrogen gas passage plate (6)
NOVELTY - High-molecular weight electrolyte gel composition (I) comprising: (A) non-crosslinked polymer; (B) crosslinked polymer derived by crosslinking of reactive compound(s); (C) nonaqueous solvent; and (D) supporting electrolyte(s).    USE - The composition (I) is useful as material for preparation of electrochemical device(s) such as cell, capacitor, condenser etc.    ADVANTAGE - The composition (I) has good electrical properties, heat resistance and flexibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-crosslinked polymer (A) comprises (a1) cationic polymer(s) prepared from polymerizable compound(s) having primary-, secondary- or tertiary-amino group(s), quaternary ammonium group(s) or plural amino groups belonging to different classes to each other. The amino- and ammonium-group(s) are free from acid(s) except carboxylic acid.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of the composition (I) comprising: (a) dissolving (A), monomer(s) of (B) and (D) into (C); (b) polymerization of monomer(s) of (B); and (c) gelation of the reaction product.
NOVELTY - A composition for sealing a solar battery consists of a polymer blend or a polymer alloy consisting of at least one polyolefinic copolymer and at least one ionomer resin.    USE - The composition is used for sealing the solar battery and finds its applications in the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The polyolefinic copolymer has superior adhesiveness, weather resistance, and transparency. The ionomer resin has heat resistance and mechanical strength. The resulting sealing material has superior adhesiveness, weather resistance, transparency, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. The solar battery module has enhanced heat resistance, weather resistance, creep resistance, and scratch resistance.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte uses a polymer, an electrolytic salt, and a nonaqueous solvent as its constituents.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used for the secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer is easily manufactured and has superior quality stability. The secondary battery has high electric capacity and high safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer has at least a repeating unit of -(Cx2Hx-O)m-, and a repeating unit of -(CH(R1)-CH2-O)n- and a urea structure of formula (I). Wherein, x = integer of 1-6; m = greater than or equal to 0; n= greater than or equal to 0; m+n = greater than or equal to 5; R1 = 1-6C alkyl or benzyl.    R2, R3 = 1-6C hydrocarbon chain, or aromatic ring-bearing 7-11C hydrocarbon chain;    R4 = H, 1-6C hydrocarbon chain, or aromatic ring-bearing 7-11C hydrocarbon.
NOVELTY - In operating a fuel cell, especially a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, in which membrane impregnated with liquid is used as electrolyte and there is a membrane-electrode unit with a bipolar plate, no corrosive liquid is used in direct contact with the bipolar plate in high temperature operation.    USE - The fuel cells are especially useful as high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells with phosphoric acid as electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents corrosion by phosphoric acid, allowing the use of bipolar plates of graphite or cost-effective, easily machined metals in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells operating at about 160 degrees C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) PEM fuel cells, especially high temperature PEM fuel cells, with an intermediate layer with satisfactory electrical conductivity between the membrane electrode unit and bipolar plate;and    (b) the production of the PEM fuel cell by inserting an intermediate layer with satisfactory electrical conductivity between the membrane electrode unit and bipolar plate to prevent phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid-water mixtures coming into contact with the bipolar plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a units with multi-layer system of different hydrophobized carbon papers.    membrane electrode unit of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)    cooling system (2)    bipolar plate (3)    laminated structure (10)    five layers of separate carbon papers (11,12,13,14, 15)    individual cooling channels (21,21')
NOVELTY - The method involves providing a fuel cell plate having surfaces (I,II) (122,124), applying a coating precursor on at least the surface (I) of the fuel cell plate and exposing the coating precursor to ultraviolet radiation to initiate polymerization. The coating precursor is adapted to polymerize in response to ultraviolet radiation. The coating precursor contains an acrylated oligomer and a photoinitiator.    USE - For fuel cell plates and fuel cell assembly containing two or more fuel cell plates.    ADVANTAGE - The coating precursor is applied quickly, precisely and economically onto fuel cell plate. The coating precursor has good chemical resistance and excellent mechanical property. The radiation cured coating precursor is cross-linked at much lower temperatures than the heat-cured coating precursor. Curing rate, adhesion, tensile strength and cross-link density of the coating precursor are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Insulated fuel cell plate. The plate has surfaces (I,II) on which a coating precursor is applied; (ii) Ultraviolet radiation-curable coating precursor.The precursor comprises an acrylated aliphatic urethane oligomer, an acrylated epoxy oligomer, a mono-functional monomer for reducing viscosity of the coating precursor, a multi-functional monomer for increasing cross-link density, an adhesion promoter, and a photoinitiator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded cross-sectional view of a fuel cell assembly.    Surfaces (122,124)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized photoelectric transducer is composed of fine oxide semiconductor particles sensitized with a dye having an acrylic acid site.    USE - The photoelectric transducer is used for semiconductor devices and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Semiconductor devices and solar cells having the invented photoelectric transducer have high conversion efficiency and are produced with a low production cost.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing a lithium secondary battery is provided, which uses a gel-type polymer electrolyte to form an electrode and an electrolyte in one body for improving the mechanical properties and to trap an electrolyte solution stably for preventing the leakage of liquid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of: directly coating or casting a cathode active material or an anode active material on a current collector to make a cathode plate or an anode plate; intervening a porous membrane between the cathode plate and the anode plate to for an electrode assembly; inserting the electrode assembly into a battery case; injecting an electrolyte forming composition comprising a non-aqueous organic electrolyte, a cross-linking agent, a polymerization initiator and optionally a polymer or a vinyl-based monomer, into the battery case; and heating the battery case or irradiating light to it to allow the cross-linking to be formed between the cross-linking agents or the cross-linking agent and a polymer or a vinyl-based monomer.    Preferably the polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(acrylonitrile), a terpolymer of acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate- styrene and their mixtures, and the vinyl-based monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, 2-vinyl-2,3-dioxolane, acrylomorphorine, vinyl methacrylate and their mixtures.
NOVELTY - Provided is a support for a polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell produced by compression-molding soft material, which dose not need a special gasket because the soft support that itself can be used as a gasket, therefore, the volume of the fuel cell can be reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The support supporting a membrane and electrode assembly(MEA) comprises: a supply opening(210) for inletting a fuel gas, which is made by molding a soft flat-plate having conductivity and non-conductivity, wherein the flat-plate is made of soft graphite, an expanded metal impregnated with rubber, a nickel wire impregnated with rubber, or a mixture of copper powder, graphite powder, and rubber powder; a supply hole(230) to which the inlet gas is transferred through a supply-inducing way from the supply opening(210); a channel(300) for transferring the inlet fuel gas and the generated water; a channel wall(310) maintaining the channel(300) and operated as a gasket, wherein the height of the channel wall(310) is lower than the inside of the support and the channel(300) is parallel with the channel wall(310); an exhaust hole(240) for discharging non-reacted gas and generated liquid to an exhaust opening(260) through an exhaust inducing way; a coupling hole(400) in which a bar coupling the MEA with the support is inserted.
NOVELTY - A new photo-electric transducer has a photo-sensitive layer of dye-adsorbed semiconductor fine particles. The layer contains a cation polymer.    USE - For photo-sensors, copy machines, or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new transducer provides a higher photo-electric conversion efficiency suitable for solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of producing the photo-electric transducer comprises treating the photo-sensitive layer with cation polymer. The cation polymer is prepared by treating the photo-sensitive layer with polymerizing monomers having cationic groups; then polymerizing the monomers.
NOVELTY - A binder composition contains a cellulose ether compound and rubber grains.    USE - The binder composition is used for the slurry for the electrode for the lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Specifying the average degree of polymerization increases the relative amount of the active material in the slurry, resulting in increasing battery capacity. Specifying the product of the average degree of polymerization and the degree of etherification assures the solubility of the celluloses to water, yielding the smooth electrode. The lithium ion secondary battery has high capacity and enhanced charge discharge cyclic characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cellulose ether compound has an average degree of polymerization of 1,500-3,000 and a product of the average degree of polymerization and the degree of etherification of 750 or more and less than 2,000.
NOVELTY - A new solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer compound having acid anhydride structure and Group 1A metal salt.    USE - For electrochemical devices including primary or secondary batteries, capacitors, electrochromic displays, or actuators for medical use.    ADVANTAGE - The new solid polymer electrolyte has a higher ionic conductivity, a higher electrochemical stability, keeping solvent effectively, providing a film having improved flexibility.
NOVELTY - A hardening composition is a sealing agent for sealing the contact surface of a pair of bipolar plates or around a pair of reaction electrodes in sandwiching the pair of reaction electrodes sandwiching a solid high-molecular electrolytic film by the pair of bipolar plates having fuel gas passages.    USE - The hardening composition is used for a solid high-molecular electrolytic fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - In anchoring the pair of bipolar plates to an ion exchange resin membrane, no pretreatment is required for the ion exchange resin membrane. The hardening composition retains a wet state under a high acid state. Sealing is available by separating a fuel gas from an oxidizing gas. The hardening composition has resistance to a coolant, allowing fluid sealing for the coolant. The hardening composition is easily hardened by heating and has low gas permeability, and good rubber elasticity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sealing agent uses the following as its major constituents:    (a) an isobutylene-based polymer containing at least one alkenyl group capable of forming a hydrosilylation reaction in a molecule;    (b) an organohydrodiene polysiloxane;    (c) a hydrosilylation catalyst; and    (d) silane coupling agent.
NOVELTY - The installation condition output device (1) displays the deformed location of a heat exchanger tube (3) as an emphasis output location (2) when a pressure condition inside the pipe changes and exceeds an allowable pressure based on an installation structure, the partial thinning of the tube and an installation virtual running condition.    USE - For heat exchanger tube of boiler.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures efficient output display of abnormal spot of heat exchanger tube during running operation, thereby enabling design safety consideration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of installation condition output device.    Installation condition output device (1)    Emphasis output location (2)    Heat exchanger tube (3)
NOVELTY - Lithium ion-conductive organic/inorganic composite material includes a poly(ethyleneoxide) and a Li2S-SiS2-based amorphous material.    USE - Lithium ion-conductive organic/inorganic composite material is useful for producing solid lithium secondary cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The organic/inorganic composite material exhibits high lithium ion conductivity at room temperature, and provides a solid electrolyte having a lithium ion transfer rate of about 1.
NOVELTY - The insulating metal foil band (1) has an insulated skin layer, formed by applying a coating material (6) on one surface of a metal foil band having thickness of 10-200 mum. The coating material comprises polyether sulfone resin as principal component and 5-40 volume% of pigment having mean particle diameter of 3-30 nm.    USE - For amorphous silicon solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The insulating metal foil band has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and insulating property. Generation of cracks or pin-holes on the surface is prevented. The film thickness of metal foil band is effectively controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for insulating metal foil band manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows production of photogravure system.    Metal foil band (1)    Coating material (6)
NOVELTY - Recycling of CdTe/CdS thin layer solar cell modules comprises mechanically crushing the modules; heating the crushed pieces containing a hydrocarbon adhesive at at least 300 degrees C and removing the gaseous decomposition products; and further heat treating the crushed pieces in a chlorine-containing atmosphere at more than 400 degrees C; and cooling the CdCl2 and TeCl2 formed.    USE - Used for CdTe/CdS thin layer solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The process is cost effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A chlorine- or nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere is used. The process additionally comprises etching the TCO layer with HCl gas which is diluted with nitrogen. The chlorine- and nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere contains chlorine and nitrogen in a partial pressure ratio of chlorine to nitrogen of 0.01-0.1.
NOVELTY - Production of a fluid flow field plate (100) comprising at least one expanded graphite sheet of area weight A involves forming at least one flow channel (104) and at least one landing (102) associated with the flow channel in at least one major surface of the sheet. Web thickness (118) of the plate is above A/(1.8 g/cc), preferably above A/(1.6 g/cc).    USE - For electronic cells, such as fuel cells, and particularly in solid oxide electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The plates have adequate strength, flexibility and impermeability and ensure adequate imaging of embossed features    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Each flow channel (104) has channel depth to channel width ratio less than 1, and has draft angle (112) of 7-15 degrees. The flow channel (104) is formed by embossing the sheet, preferably at less than atmospheric pressure. After flow channel formation, the plate (100) can be impregnated with resin selected from phenols, epoxies, melamines, furans and methacrylates.    When the area weight of the expanded graphite sheet is around 0.2 g/square cm, 0.06-0.1 g/square cm and around 0.07 g/square cm, the ratio of the channel depth to landing width of the plate is at most 3, at most 1.2 and at most 1, respectively.    When at least one flow channel (104) and at least one landing (102) are formed in both major surfaces of the sheet, flow channel and landing dimensions in one main surface are different from those in the other main surface.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a fluid field plate made according to the invented process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of a portion of a fluid flow plate according to the invention.    Plate (100)    Landing (102)    Flow channel (104)    Draft angle (112)    Web thickness (118)
NOVELTY - Crosslinked sulfonic fluorinated ionomer includes sulfonic fluorinated ionomers, fluorinated compound as crosslinking radical initiator, and fluorinated bis-olefin as crosslinking agent. The sulfonic fluorinated ionomers comprises monomeric units deriving from tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated monomeric units containing sulfonyl groups, and monomeric units derived from the fluorinated bis-olefin.    USE - Useful in preparing membranes for electrochemical applications, particularly for fuel cells and ionic exchange resins acting as catalyst (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive ionomer provides membranes having high hydration percentage both at room temperature and high temperature without compromising the membrane physical integrity. The produced membrane can also be utilize even in 120-180degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Crosslinked sulfonic fluorinated ionomer comprises sulfonic fluorinated ionomers with equivalent weight of 380-1300 (380-800) g/eq, fluorinated compound as crosslinking radical initiator, and fluorinated bis-olefin of structure R1R2C=C(H)-(CH2)m-C(H)=CR5R6 (I) as crosslinking agent, where    m = 2-10, preferably 4-8;    R1, R2, R%, and R6 = H or 1-5C alkyl    The sulfonic fluorinated ionomers comprises 48-85 mole % monomeric units deriving from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), 15-47 mole % fluorinated monomeric units containing sulfonyl groups, and 0.01-5 mole % monomeric units derived from bis-olefin of formula (I). The radical crosslinking was carried out at 250-310 (preferably 260-300)degreesC.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) A supported or self-supported membranes obtainable from the crosslinked sulfonic fluorinated ionomers;    (2) A process of preparing sulfonic fluorinated ionomers crosslinked by radical crosslinking; and    (3) A process for preparing supported or self-supported membranes.
NOVELTY - An optically triggering process for preparing gel-state Li-ion polymer electrolyte film used as solid electrolyte of Li-ion battery or other electrochemical elements features that acrylate derivatives are used as monomer, the multi-function-radical substance is used as cross-linking agent, and the ultraviolet ray is used to trigger polymerization. Its advantages are simple process, one-step filming forming and stable performance of film.
NOVELTY - A zinc oxide crystal whisker or nm material modified gel electrolyte film for rechargeable lithium battery, portable computer, sensor, etc is prepared from polymer, plasticizer, zinc oxide crystal whisker or nm material and lithium salt, and features high stability and environmental safety, higher mechanical performance, and better ionic electric conductivity.
NOVELTY - A water adhesive for Li-ion battery features that the molecular chain of its copolymer has both hydrophilic and lipophilic structure units in Wt ratio of 5-90 to 10-95 and is prepared by copolymerizing the monomers correspondent to the structure units. The resultant amphiphilic copolymer can be dispersed in water medium and has better adhesion to the electrode material of Li-ion battery. Its advantages are no environmental pollution, high initial charge efficiency of 97-99.5% for positive and 88-93% for negative, and high capacity over 80% after 500 charge-discharge cycles.
NOVELTY - A composite solid polymer-ceramic electrolyte comprises a salt incorporated in a nano-composite material. The nano-composite material is formed by catalyzed condensation of ceramic precursor in the presence of solvated polymer material and catalyst comprising anion(s) and cation(s).    USE - The electrolyte is used in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, sensors, and electrochromic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte exhibits improved ambient temperature conductivity (i.e., at least10-4 S/cm at 20-25degreesC), and maintains dimensional stability while subjected to at least500 g/cm2 at 20-25degreesC. It also exhibits higher current densities and better anticipated cycle life in electrochemical batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composite solid polymer-ceramic electrolyte comprises a salt incorporated in a nano-composite material. The nano-composite material is formed by catalyzed condensation of ceramic precursor in the presence of solvated polymer material and catalyst comprising anion(s) and cation(s). The cation is amenable to solid polymer electrolyte applications. The electrolyte is imbued with a charge carrying species provided by the catalyst. The anion is allowed to be consumed during condensation. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a battery comprising electric current producing electrochemical cell(s), and    (B) a method of producing the nano-composite solid polymer-ceramic electrolyte. The electrochemical cell(s) comprises an anode, a cathode, and the electrolyte. The nano-composite solid polymer-ceramic electrolyte is produced by dissolving the catalyst in a solvent, dissolving the polymer material in the solvent to form a solution, dissolving the ceramic precursor in the solution, aging the solution, pouring the solution into molds, and curing the solution in the molds.
NOVELTY - A new solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer compound having isocyanate groups and Group 1A metal salt.    USE - For electrochemical devices including primary or secondary batteries, capacitors, electrochromic displays, or actuators for medical use.    ADVANTAGE - The new solid polymer electrolyte has a higher ionic conductivity, a higher electrochemical stability, keeping solvent effectively, providing a film having improved flexibility.
NOVELTY - The lithium secondary battery comprises a separator (3) placed between a positive electrode (1) and a negative plate (2). The positive electrode contains complex oxide of lithium and a transition metal, and the negative electrode contains lithium graphite dope and carbon material which performs de-doping. A thin layer holding electrolyte, is formed on the base material of separator.    USE - As power supply for mobile telephone and personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The battery property is not reduced due to lack of electrolyte. The cycle capacity of battery is improved. Separator having high mechanical strength is obtained due to the presence of the electrolyte. The raise of impedance by the increase of interval between positive and/or negative poles is controlled. Ionic conductivity of the electrolyte maintenance layer is increased. The negative plate having density of 1.5-1.8 g/cm3 improves the capacity during high discharge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal cross-sectional view of lithium secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative plate (2)    Separator (3)
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has an envelope (2), in a rectangular case (3). A winding electrode group (1) containing positive electrode (12) and negative electrode (13) with a separator (14) in between, is inserted into the rectangular case. The envelope is a resin sheet which is made to swell when a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the rectangular case.    USE - For power supply of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Smooth insertion of electrode group is enabled using a resin sheet as envelope. When the envelope is swollen due to the injection of electrolyte, moderate back tension is obtained. The battery has favorable discharge capacity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the battery.    Winding electrode group (1)    Envelope (2)    Rectangular case (3)    Positive electrode plate (12)    Negative electrode plate (13)    Separator (14)
NOVELTY - The lithium polymer secondary battery has an active material layer comprising electrolyte. The concentration of electrolyte in the active material is reduced towards collector.    USE - For portable machines such as electric vehicle, personal computer and mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium polymer secondary battery has excellent output characteristics, increases adhesive strength between active material layer and polymer electrolyte, has improved flexibility and impact resistance. Debonding of active material is prevented and reliability is improved.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer fuel cell (FC) comprises polymeric electrolyte film (PEM) arranged between an anode (8) and a cathode (5). The cathode has catalyst layers (1,2) provided between PEM and a gaseous diffusion layer (4). The specific resistance of perfluorocarbon polymer having sulfonic acid group contained in the catalyst layer (1) is 13 OMEGA or less and that of catalyst layer (2) is more than 13 OMEGA.    USE - As electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conduction resistance close to the reaction site is reduced effectively. Supply of a reactive gas to the reaction site, is maintained for long period of time. Occurrence of flooding is prevented and oxygen reduction reaction overvoltage is reduced. High battery output is obtained stably from initial stage for longer duration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model sectional drawing of the solid polymer fuel cell.    Catalyst layer by the side of PEM (1)    Catalyst layer by the side of gaseous diffusion layer (2)    Gaseous diffusion layer (4)    Cathode (5)    Anode (8)    Fuel Cell (FC)    Polymeric electrolyte film (PEM)
NOVELTY - Non-coated portions are formed in the strip-shaped collector of an electrode sheet, intermittently. The electrode sheet with mixture layer is passed through a polymer electrolytic solution. After removing the solvent, polymer electrolyte adhering to non-coated portions of the collector is wiped using non-woven fabric sheet.    USE - For manufacturing non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Damage during lead welding is prevented by wiping the polymer electrolyte on non-coated portions of the collector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded side view explaining the operation of press roll. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A silicone film contains 0.005-5 atom% a halogen atom and 0.01-15 atom % a hydrogen atom, and has an optical forbidden band width of 1.55-1.75 eV.    USE - Useful in a photoelectromotive force element.    ADVANTAGE - Visible light is effectively absorbed and photo-deterioration resistance is high.
NOVELTY - The high load plating paths (48a,48b) connect the heating gas path (46) and oxidizing agent path (44) to a fuel cell stack (12) through a fuel gas flow path (34) and an oxidizing agent flow path (32), respectively. When both the plating paths are opened, an oxidizing agent is supplied to the fuel cell stack through the oxidizing agent flow path.    USE - Phosphoric acid mold fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since only the oxidizing agent is supplied to the fuel cell stack, the water content remaining in the flow paths are reliably removed and thus the electricity generation property is effectively maintained. The battery life span is reliably increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for phosphoric acid mold fuel cell system operation stop method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the phosphoric acid mold fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell stack (12)    Oxidizing agent flow path (32)    Fuel gas flow path (34)    Oxidizing agent path (44)    Heating gas path (46)    High load plating paths (48a,48b)
NOVELTY - The contact has an electrolyte layer (14) which is made of polybenzimidazole impregnated with phosphoric acid. An anode lateral electrode (16) and cathode lateral electrode (18) are formed on both sides of the electrolyte layer. The portion of the electrolyte layer contacted by the electrodes is active region (20) and the other portions are inactive regions (22).    USE - For phosphoric acid fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the electrolyte layer has active and inactive portions, the phosphoric acid in the active region is replenished efficiently in the inactive region, hence the electricity generation property of the battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for phosphoric acid fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the electrolyte-electrode contact.    Electrolyte layer (14)    Anode lateral electrode (16)    Cathode lateral electrode (18)    Active region (20)    Inactive region (22)
NOVELTY - Resin composition comprising (A) a specific resin, (B) photopolymerization initiator, (C) plasticizer and (D) electrolyte provides a solid polymer electrolyte with high film strength, high ion conductivity, used in battery, capacitor and sensor.    USE - Used in battery and condenser.    ADVANTAGE - Product excels in thin film workability, film strength and product electrolyte excels in high ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid polymer electrolyte comprises (A-1) copolymer containing an aliphatic chain and an epoxy group in a side chain, (C) plasticizer and (D) electrolyte.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte contains a high-molecular compound and a metallic salt.    USE - The electrolyte is used for the secondary battery and also finds its application in a sensor device.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has superior ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The high-molecular compound is formed by crosslinking a compound of formula (I).    A = discotic crystalline mesogen group;    R = 1-100C straight chain or branched alkyl;    one or more methylenes in alkyl = may be replaced by -O-, -CO-, -S-, -CH=CH-, or -C triple bond C-;    H in alkyl = may be replaced by fluorine;    n = 1-8;    Formula (II) = optically active group.
NOVELTY - Upper and lower collector pole frames (1) respectively include convex protrusion and concave groove which are provided in accord with each other. An adhesive layer of thickness ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm is coated between the top surface of gasket (2) and the upper frame.    USE - Fuel cell frame.    ADVANTAGE - Since gasket has simple cross-section, collector pole frame attachments becomes simple and highly reliable safety mounting is obtained, thereby reducing detachment time and manufacturing cost. Excellent moldability is enabled and an inexpensive gasket is obtained easily. Because of simple structure of gasket, limitation to gasket material is eliminated, sealing performance and durability are improved. Clear path is provided between frames for heating gas, water, thereby increasing the efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of collector pole frames in connected condition. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Collector pole frames (1)    Gasket (2)
NOVELTY - Sunlight electricity generation system comprises (a) solar battery module for electricity generation; (b) member combined with the solar battery module; and (c) sealing material, comprising saturated hydrocarbon-based polymer crosslinked by siloxane bond, provided to a given position for a structure formed of the solar battery module and the member.    USE - The sunlight electricity generation system is placed on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The sunlight electricity generation system has superior weather resistance, water resistance, and waterproof.
NOVELTY - A proton conductive polymer electrolyte comprises a sulfonated compound of formula (1).    USE - The polymer electrolyte is suitable for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte has good water-absorbing properties and good liquid-retaining properties. The polymer electrolyte is free from fluorine, and comprises only hydrocarbons. This reduces cost of material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A proton conductive polymer electrolyte contains a sulfonated compound of formula (1).    R1,R4,R4' = H, methyl or ethyl;    R2 = H or methyl;    R3 = alkyl;    n = integer;    M, M' = optionally substituted phenyl;    k, m, k' = integer.
NOVELTY - Lithium secondary battery consists of a negative electrode (6) comprises tungsten dioxide capable of electrochemically doping and dedoping lithium, a positive electrode (5), and organic electrolyte. The negative electrode (1) is prepared that, with tungsten dioxide doped, carbon capable of electrochemically doping and dedoping is added in the negative electrode (1).    USE - Useful in a power source for operation to drive a portable type apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Charge discharge cycle characteristics, overcharge resistance, and over discharge resistance are remarkably improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows the sectional view of a battery.    Positive electrode (5)    Negative electrode (6)
NOVELTY - The battery having an electrolyte of lithium ions and a cathode of silver vanadium oxide particles has a pulsed specific energy of about 575 m Wh/g, when pulsed down to a pulse discharge voltage of 1.5 V in groups of 4-10 second pulses at a current density of 25mA/cm2 while maintaining a time interval of 15 seconds between each pulse and 30 minutes between each pulse groups.    USE - For use in implantable medical devices used for cardiac defibrillation and pacemaking.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has improved versatility in producing long living implantable medical devices capable of additional functions, since it has high specific capacities under low loads and improved pulsed capabilities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Defibrillator;    (b) Implantable defibrillating/pacemaking medical device;    (c) Pacemaker;    (d) Silver vanadium oxide particles production method;    (e) Electrode production method;    (f) Vanadium oxide particles production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plot of the specific capacities of the silver vanadium oxide battery as a function of cycle number.
NOVELTY - Solid photoelectric conversion element has a solid substance which acts as a hole transporting layer and a hole-collecting electrode.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells for mobile power sources for communication computer terminals and for power source devices for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion is high for low irradiation amounts. Secondary batteries are effectively charged where current output from the conversion element is stored in a capacitor. Energy conservation is possible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) the manufacture of a solid photoelectric conversion element by forming a solid substance containing a pi-conjugated compound and/or a complex comprising a conjugated compound and a metal element at the outermost surface where a solution including this is included in the pores of a metal oxide having a photosensitivity-increasing compound on the surface and the solvent is removed;    (ii) a solar cell using the element;    (iii) a mobile power source including the element;    (iv) a mobile communication computer terminal including the mobile power source;    (v) a power source device for vehicles having a photoelectric conversion module and a capacitor for electricity storage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a solid photoelectric conversion element.    transparent conductive electrode (5)    titanium oxide (6)    photosensitivity-increasing compound (7)    solid material (8)
NOVELTY - A junction portion (903) joins the electrodes (901-1, 902) electrically and mechanically. The density of the electro conductive particles (903-1) in the junction portion is reduced near the surface of electrode (901-1).    USE - E.g. Solar battery for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The stress resistant property of photovoltaic cell is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of photovoltaic cell and sectional view of junction portion. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrodes (901-1, 902)    Junction portion (903)    Electroconductive particles (903-1)
NOVELTY - The functional film has at least two functional layers (12,13) on a support (11). At least one of the two functional layers is compressed layer of functional microparticles.    USE - The functional film comprising conductive layer and photocatalyst layer, is used for solar batteries. The functional film can be combined with functional layers such as magnetic layer, ferromagnetic layer, dielectric layer, ferroelectric layer, insulating layer, optical absorption layer, optical selective absorption layer, reflex layer, anti reflex layer, catalyst layer, photocatalyst layer, color development layer, emitter layer, electrochromic or electroluminescent film, to form multilayered functional films.    ADVANTAGE - The functional film can be easily manufactured at low temperature by coating. The functional film eliminates problems associated with resin binders used conventionally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for functional film manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the multilayered structure of functional film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Support (11)    Functional layers (12,13)
NOVELTY - A current collector is manufactured by coating a curable pattern forming composition on source material.    USE - For manufacturing current collector for secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can effectively form openings on positive and negative current collectors. It can manufacture a current collector, in which patterns having the same shapes as openings to be formed on the collector can be directly printed on a source material using general gravure printing or flexo printing, without need of an exposure or development step, and can be etched and peeled off, leading to reduction of the cost of production and improvement of productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of current collector for secondary battery involves preparing a source material for a current collector. The source material is pre-treated and passed between two rollers, one of which has a patterned portion shaped like openings to be formed on the current collector. A curable pattern forming composition is coated on the source material, and cured. The source material is etched to form the openings. The forming composition remaining on the source material is removed for completing the current collector having openings.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for manufacturing a current collector for a secondary battery comprising a main roller (31), a guide roller (32), and a pattern forming composition storage unit. The guide roller guides a current collector source material between the guide roller and the main roller to form patterns shaped like openings formed on the current collector source material. The storage unit supplies the composition to the main roller.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagram in which steps of a process of forming the openings are represented by functional elements of the current collector manufacturing apparatus.    Main roller (31)    Guide roller (32)    Nozzle (64, 66)
NOVELTY - The electrolyte comprises a base material polymer that has an ether bond, thio ether bond, ester bond, carbonate bond, amine bond and/or urethane bond in the principal chain, and a high-branched polymer having repeating unit that contains oligo-ethylene oxide chain connected through a connecting molecule to principal chain, and a lithium salt.    USE - For lithium solid polymer electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE - Even when the solid electrolyte has high density of oxygen atoms there is no crystallization of base material polymer. The electrolyte has high moldability and improved ionic conductivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows change of ionic conductivity of electrolyte with mix ratio of polyethylene oxide base material polymer and high-branched polymer.
NOVELTY - A hose of a multilayer wall comprises an innermost rubber material layer cured by an agent not containing any metal oxide and/or sulfur, and a hydrogen gas-impermeable metallic barrier layer formed in the wall surrounding the innermost layer.    USE - The hose is used for conveying a hydrogen fuel in a fuel-cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hose prevents the dissolution of metal ions causing the deterioration of the fuel-cell catalyst by pollution. It prevents the diffusion of hydrogen gas causing the embrittlement of the metal wall. It also prevents any factor obstructing the electrical insulation of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram illustrating method for testing hoses for gas impermeability.    hose (1)    bottle (2)    tank (3)    hood (4)    bubbles (5)    cylinder (6)
NOVELTY - A phenyl naphthalene polymer used for lithium ion battery and electrically conductive high-molecular material is prepared from naphthalene and benzene in mole ratio of (5-12000):1 through preparing solution of naphthalene in benzene, mixing anhydrous CuCl2 with anhydrous AlCl3 in mole ratio of (2-8):(2-8) in reactor protected by inert gas, adding the solution, reaction at 25-50 degrees C for 1-5 hrs. while stirring, eluting out Al, Cu and Cl ions, filtering and baking.
NOVELTY - Solar generator comprises several solar cells (2) mounted at a distance from each other on a support (6) and covered with sealing layers (1) on at least the side facing away from the support material. Conducting layers (5) are applied to the sealing layers and there is at least one gap between each solar cell and the neighboring solar cells.    USE - Used for spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The solar generator is easy to manufacture. Effective prevention of primary discharge is guaranteed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: At least one of the gaps per solar cell is filled at least along a part of its length between neighboring solar cells with a conducting adhesive (3) from the support material up to the conducting layers.    The conducting layers (5) cover at least partial regions of the surfaces (8) of the sealing layers facing away from the solar cells.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing the solar generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a solar generator.    Sealing layer (1)    Solar cell (2)    Conducting adhesive (3)    Conducting layer (5)    Support (6)    Surface of sealing layer (8)
NOVELTY - A heat transfer fluid composition comprises a base heat transfer fluid and a nanometer sized phase change material. The nanometer sized phase change material is dispersed in the base heat transfer fluid.    USE - For use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composition has increased heat capacity and high reversible heat transfer properties at up to 120 degreesC while maintaining low viscosity at low as -40 degreesC. It remain stable during millions of cycles of pumping and is economically feasible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for preparing a heat transfer fluid with enhanced heat transfer performance by making capsules having an outer shell and a phase change material, and dispersing the capsules into a base heat transfer fluid so that a ratio between the capsules and the base heat transfer is 0.1-30 (preferably 25) wt.%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram showing the heat transfer process using the heat transfer fluid incorporating the nanometer sized phase change material in the cooling mode.
NOVELTY - A solar cell has a layer of light harvesting rods comprising a specified polymer, electrically coupled to a first electrode.    USE - Used in electrical devices, e.g. radios, televisions, computers (such as personal computers), processors, calculators, telephones, wireless communication devices such as pagers, watches, emergency location devices, electric vehicles, emergency power supplies, power generators, lights or lamps, and other illuminating devices, monitoring devices, inspection devices, radiation detectors, imaging devices, or optical coupling devices.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is thin (e.g. rods not greater than 500 or even 200 nm in length), lightweight, portable, flexible, and has good efficiency. It can be easily fabricated, has rational molecular design, and has high absorption coefficient. It provides strong absorption of light, and provides for energy migration and charge migration in opposite directions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell comprises a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode, and a layer of light harvesting rods electrically coupled to the first electrode. The first and second substrates are positioned to form a space between them. At least one of the substrate and the first electrode, and the second substrate and the second electrode is transparent. Each of the light harvesting rods electrically coupled to the first electrode, comprises a polymer of formula X1(Xm+1)m (I). It further comprises an electrolyte in the space between the first and second substrates.    m = at least 1;    X1 = charge separation group having excited-state of energy at most X2;    X2-Xm+1 = chromophores    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrical device comprising a solar cell, and a circuit electrically coupled to the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows diagrams of the two common molecular approaches for light to electric energy conversion.
NOVELTY - Conducting polymer composition comprises graphite and/or a graphite compound, a binder, and a polyurethane dispersion.    USE - The composition is used in the production of lithium ion accumulators and batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition has high conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a dispersion containing a conducting polymer composition consisting of graphite and/or a graphite compound, a binder, and a polyurethane dispersion; an inert diluent; and an additive;    (b) a multilayer electrode material comprising an inner conducting metal-containing polymer composition coated with the conducting polymer composition; and    (c) a process for the production of a foil-like multilayer electrode material comprising: preparing a pourable dispersion as in (a); applying the dispersion to a carrier foil made of a conducting metal-containing layer; and drying and optionally calendering at elevated temperatures.
NOVELTY - Method involves using liquid polymer composition hardening under exposure to bilateral ultraviolet radiation source. The composition fills space between two glass sheets or between one glass sheet and transparent polymer film sheet. The photoelectric cells placed between the sheets are connected to each other with conductors. The polymer composition has methyl acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2,2-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile photoinitiator, mixture of 2,6- ditretoctyl-4-methylphenol and dodecyl sulfide as heat stabilizer, photostabilizer taken in known proportions.    USE - Electric engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Prolonged service life of solar power modules.
NOVELTY - Provided is an operation-controlling type polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generating system to control automatically the amount of reacted gas and the amount of cooling water according to the amount of load obtained from the outside of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The operation-controlling type polymer electrolyte fuel cell power generating system contains: a water cooling and inner humidification type main body(30) of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell; an outer control type controller to control the supplied gas amount; an outer control type pump to control the supply of the cooling water; a current sensor(38) to sense the outer load(39); a thermocouple to sense the temperature of the fuel cell main body(30); a main controller(35) to control the system by each control logic and to perform calculation; a signal converter to convert the signal between the main controller(35) and the parts for operation; a touch screen to control order and operate parts.
NOVELTY - Provided is a polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, which is excellent in ion-conductivity, processability, electric insulation ability, and mechanical property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer matrix, an ionic inorganic salt, and a solvent, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a vulcanized polymer containing 1-15wt% of sulfur. The vulcanized polymer is produced by reacting the sulfur with a polymer selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, polybutyl rubber, polyacrylate, and poly methylacrylate. And the polymer electrolyte is coated on both sides of a separator.
NOVELTY - Provided are a cathode active material composition containing a binding agent and a lithium ion polymer battery produced by using the cathode active material composition and a polymer electrolyte, which has excellent contact property between the polymer electrolyte and the cathode active material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cathode active material composition comprises a conductive agent, a cathode active material, an organic solvent, and 3-15wt% (based on the total weight of the cathode active material composition) of the binding agent selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and their copolymers. And the lithium ion polymer battery comprises; a cathode formed with the cathode active material layer on a current collector; an anode formed with the anode active material layer on a current collector; and the polymer electrolyte comprising polyacrylonitrile, lithium salts, and a non-aqueous organic solvent.
NOVELTY - Provided is a lithium battery having electrodes combined with electrolyte, which is excellent in high ratio property, mechanical strength, and low temperature property and can be used as power source for portable electric appliances and electric cars.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lithium battery comprises; an anode formed by coating an electrode with a polymer electrolyte(1), wherein the electrode is formed by coating an anode current collector(3) with an anode material(2); a cathode formed by coating an electrode with the polymer electrolyte(1), wherein the electrode is formed by coating a cathode current collector(5) with a cathode material(4); a separator(6) laid between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte solution impregnated into the anode, the cathode, and the separator. The anode and cathode current collectors(3)(5) are metal foil or metal expended mesh. And the polymer electrolyte(1) is selected from the group consisting of amorphous polyethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyether series.    The lithium battery is produced by a process comprising the steps of: coating the electrodes with the polymer electrolyte slurry and drying; laying the separator(6) between the anode and the cathode to make a battery; heating the battery under the vacuum to heat-cure the polymer electrolyte(1); and injecting the liquid electrolyte solution into the battery.
NOVELTY - The separator (10) has porous sheet (1) which is made of glass fiber and folded in U-shape. A thermoplastic resin (2) is coated at the edges (3) of porous sheet on both sides.    USE - For closed lead storage batteries used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive strength of separator is improved by coating thermoplastic resin on porous sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of separator.    Porous sheet (1)    Thermoplastic resin (2)    Edges (3)    Separator (10)
NOVELTY - Macromolecular solid fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode and a macromolecular electrolytic film displaced between the anode and the cathode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic layers have good drainage and retain the supply of a reaction gas to a reaction site for a long period of time. The result sufficiently prevents development of flooding even if a high current is flowed by increasing battery output at the initial starting. The macromolecular solid fuel cell stably obtains the high battery output for a long period of time from the initial starting.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cathode comprises a gas diffusion layer and catalyst layers displaced between the gas diffusion layer and the macromolecular electrolytic film. Each catalyst layer contains a substantially ion exchange group-free solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer, an ion exchange resin and a catalyst. Equations (1), (2) and (3) are satisfied.    2 at most X at most 28 (1)    5 at most Y at most 30 (2)    2 at most (Y - X) at most 28 (3)    X (percent by mass) = content of solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer contained in innermost catalytic layer kept into contact with macromolecular electrolytic film; and    Y (percent by mass) = content of solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer contained in outermost catalytic layer kept into contact with gas diffusion layer.
NOVELTY - A circulating path (48) which is connected between the oxidizing agent gas inlet (36) and outlet (40) of a fuel cell stack (12), is provided with a heater (58) and a circulating pump (60). The pump circulates heated oxidizing agent gas to the gas inlet through the circulating path, for raising the temperature of fuel cell stack.    USE - Phosphoric acid type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leakage of phosphoric acid and improves durability of the fuel cell efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of phosphoric acid fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell stack (12)    Oxidizing agent gas inlet (36)    Oxidizing agent gas outlet (40)    Circulating path (48)    Heater (58)    Circulating pump (60)
NOVELTY - A polymeric ion exchange membrane has long-chain branched polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) structure as main framework grafted with polystyrene side chain bonded to a sulfonic acid group. The ion exchange membrane has ion exchange capacity of 0.5-4 meq/g and tensile breakage strength of 1-25 MPa in hydrated condition.    USE - Used as solid polymer electrolyte film for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric ion exchange membrane is inexpensive, and has high ion exchange capacity. The polymeric ion exchange membrane has high film strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of ion exchange membrane: A PTFE film is irradiated with 5-300 kGy of electron beam or gamma-rays at 300-365degreesC and oxygen partial pressure of less than 10 Torr and a long-chain branched PTFE film is produced. 5-100 kGy of gamma-ray or electron beam is again irradiated at room temperature at inert atmosphere on the film. Graft reaction of styrene to the irradiated PTFE film is carried out at a temperature ranging from room temperature to less than the boiling point of solvent using the solution in which styrene monomer is diluted by a solvent at temperature ranging from room temperature to less than boiling point of styrene monomer, to introduce polystyrene graft side chain into the PTFE film. Subsequently, a sulfonic acid group is introduced into the polystyrene graft side chain to manufacture a polymeric ion exchange membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the influence of the exposure on the grafting rate of styrene to high temperature irradiated PTFE film and unirradiated PTFE film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The silicon raw material is melted in a smelting furnace (12) and is supplied to a cast furnace (13) through a pipe (6). The melting and casting processes are performed in inert helium or argon gas environment at suitable pressure.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - As casting and melting are performed in He or argon gas environment at suitable pressure, product yield is improved and quality is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon crystal manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of cast silicon crystal manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Pipe (6)    Smelting furnace (12)    Cast furnace (13)
NOVELTY - A paste liquid containing starch, binder substance and dispersion solvent containing mixture of alcohol and water, is applied on a separator (3) and dried, and a manganese dry battery is obtained. The battery comprises an anode mix (1) containing manganese dioxide as anode active material, a zinc cathode and the separator.    USE - As manganese dry battery.    ADVANTAGE - The manganese dry battery has excellent load discharge property. The amount of alcohol used as solvent in the paste liquid is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of tube type manganese dry battery.    Anode mix (1)    Separator (3)
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery includes non-aqueous electrolyte containing conductive polymer-forming monomers which are electrochemically polymerizable on positive electrode within a battery operation voltage, and film-forming agents which are electrochemically decompose within the battery operation voltage to form films on a surface of the negative electrode.    USE - As power secondary batteries for use in electric cars and hybrid cars.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive battery includes a non-aqueous electrolyte having characteristics of high energy densities, thus providing high-performance battery. It exhibits very high safety even during overcharging with great electric current, irrespective of the kind of lithium transition metal composite oxide as positive active material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium secondary battery comprises positive electrode, negative electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte. An active material in the positive electrode is lithium transition metal composite oxide. An active material in the negative electrode is carbon material. The electrolyte includes lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent. The electrolyte contains conductive polymer-forming monomers, and film-forming agents. The polymer-forming monomers have alkyl group and are electrochemically polymerizable on positive electrode within a battery operation voltage. The film-forming agents are electrochemically decompose within the battery operation voltage to form films on a surface of the negative electrode.
NOVELTY - A polymer matrix material (1, 2) comprises a polymerization product of monomer(s) from water-soluble, ethylenically-unsaturated acids and acid derivatives; and a crosslinking agent. Water is used to swell the polymer material to a defined volume upon curing.    USE - For supporting a liquid solution, for use e.g. as a separator in rechargeable electrochemical cells, such as batteries, fuel cells, sensors, electrochemical gas separation systems, electrochromic devices and protein separation devices.    ADVANTAGE - The material provides improved ionic conductivity while providing an effective barrier against the penetration of metal dendrites and the diffusion of reaction products. It prevents penetration of dendrite metal through the membrane, and protects the negative electrode from dendrite formation, particularly during charging of rechargeable cells. It also prevents destruction of the cell by preventing diffusion of the metal oxidation product into the electrolyte solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the polymer matrix material comprising polymerization of an aqueous solution of monomer(s).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic depiction of a zinc/air fuel cell incorporating an anode protective polymer matrix membrane and a hydroxide conducting polymer matrix membrane.    Polymer matrix material (1, 2)
NOVELTY - A pigment-sensitized photoelectric conversion element has a conductive layer, a pigment-adsorbed semiconductor-containing photosensitive layer, a charge transport layer, and a paired electrode.    USE - The pigment-sensitized photoelectric conversion element is used for the photocell and the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion element has superior durability and photoelectric conversion characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The charge transport layer consists of an electrolytic composition containing a compound of formulas (1), (2), or (3), and a high-molecular compound.    Qy1 = optionally substituent-bearing atomic group forming five-membered or six-membered ring aromatic cation in conjunction with nitrogen;    Ry1 = optionally substituted alk(en)yl;    Ay1 = nitrogen or phosphorus;    Ry2-Ry5 = optionally substituted alk(en)yl and may form Ay1-containing nonaromatic ring by linking two or more of Ry2-Ry6 together;    Ry6-Ry11 = optionally substituted alk(en)yl and may form ring by linking two or more of Ry6-Ry11 together;    Rx1-Rx4 = H, or alkyl;    n = 2-6.    At least one substituent in Ry1 and Qy1, at least one of Ry2-Ry5, and at least one of Ry6-Ry11 are -(CRx1RX2-CRx3Rx4-O)n-bond and silicon.
NOVELTY - Electroconductive adhesive, consists of carbon powder, resin binder and water as solvent. The primary particles of carbon powder have weighed mean particle diameter of 5-100 nm. The adhesive contain 5-50 weight% of carbon powder based on the total weight of carbon powder and resin. The paste-like electroconductive adhesive has moisture content of 70-95%.    USE - For adhering active material layer and collectors in energy storage units such as nickel hydrogen battery, lithium cells and electrical double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive adhesive has high adhesive property and electroconductivity. The adhesive when used for batteries improves capacitance and cycle characteristics of batteries. The adhesive enables to form thin adhesive layers on a cell plate. The adhesive uses water as solvent and hence is eco-friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electroconductive adhesive manufacture. A resin and carbon powder are sequentially dispersed in water. The resulting solution is mixed and dispersion process is accelerated for primary particle formation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship of carbon powder content and electroconductivity of adhesive. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Electroconductive sheet is porous, and comprises electroconductive fibers of varying length as major component.    USE - For electrodes of fuel cells such as solid polymeric fuel cell used in motor vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive sheet has improved bulk density and reduced porosity. The sheet has favorable fluid, gas permeability, and electroconductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Electrode;    (b) Electrochemical apparatus;    (c) Fuel cells;    (d) Motor vehicles
NOVELTY - The ionic conduction film is obtained polymerizing 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexylidene diphenol containing 1-8 sulfonic acid groups, and bisphenol A carbonate containing 0-8 sulfonic acid groups as raw material.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cell, direct methanol type fuel cell, laptop personal computer, light emitting element, flat panel of electrochemical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conductive film has excellent strength, ionic conductivity, methanol barrier property and heat resistance due to introduction of sulfonic acid groups into hydrophobic bifunctional polymer. The electricity generation energy efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of methanol barrier property measurement apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Gel composition comprising a lithium salt soluble organic solvent and a ternary copolymer comprising 92 - 97 mol % of vinylidene fluoride, 1 - 4 mol % of hexafluoropropene and 1 - 7 mol % of chlorotrifluoroethylene, having a melting point of 130 - 160 degrees C, a number average molecular weight Mn of 150,000 - 300,000, and the logarithmic viscosity of 1.0 - 1.4 dl/g.    USE - The gel composition is useful for a gel polymer electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The ternary copolymer used for the gel composition has high melting point and a low viscosity, and has good film forming properties. When it is used as a polymer matrix for an organic electrolyte, it can provide good organic electrolyte swelling properties and satisfactory mechanical strength under organic electrolyte. The copolymer also reduces the deterioration of the resin by the organic electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) a gel polymer electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising the above-mentioned gel composition and a lithium salt;    (2) a lithium ion secondary battery having the above-mentioned gel polymer electrolyte between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and    (3) a production of the ternary polymer in which the whole amount of chlorotrifluoroethylene is loaded in a reactor and allowed to react with vinylidene fluoride (which is preferably added in several portions) and hexafluoropropene (which is added in one portion or in several portions). The above-mentioned copolymerization is carried out in an aqueous medium at a reaction temperature between 50 - 100 degreesC.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module comprises a gap between wirings (4) and solar battery cells (3) that is filled with a specific filler material (6). A spacer (7) consisting of acrylic type resin having compression set value smaller than that of filler material is provided near the connection section (A) of the cell (3) and the wiring (4).    USE - For solar power generation system installed on roofs.    ADVANTAGE - Even when large load is added to the surface, electric insulation is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solar battery module.    Solar battery cell (3)    Wiring (4)    Filler material (6)    Spacer (7)    Connection section (A)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte battery has an outer cladding (3) surrounding a positive electrode, negative plate and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt. The positive electrode contains complex oxide of lithium, cobalt, aluminum and transition metal element as positive electrode active material.    USE - As a power supply for portable machines.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolyte battery is safe to be used, and has excellent charging and discharging characteristics. Deformation of outer cladding of the battery is minimized, since reduction of amount of gas ejection is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-aqueous electrolyte battery has positive electrode, negative plate and non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt. The positive electrode contains a complex oxide of formula (I) as positive electrode active material.    LiCoxMyAlzO2 (I)    M = transition metal element, or element chosen from group IIA, IIIB, IVB, or VB excluding aluminum, preferably titanium, niobium or zirconium;    x = greater than or equal to 0.9 (preferably 0.94) and less than 1;    y = greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.05, (preferably 0.00001-0.05);    z = greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.05, (preferably 0.0001-0.05); and    (x+y+z) = 1.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    Outer cladding (3)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical element (10) with terminals (13,14) is sealed in an outer cladding object (20), to obtain an electrochemical element (1). The outer cladding object has at least one aluminum layer with a surface layer of aluminum oxide hydrate.    USE - Used as e.g. lithium ion secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The aluminum layer prevents penetration of moisture content into the battery and evaporation of electrolyte from the battery. Weight reduction of the battery is enabled. The battery has excellent leakage resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of electrochemical element.    Electrochemical elements (1,10)    Terminals (13,14)    Outer cladding object (20)
NOVELTY - The solid polymeric fuel cell stack comprises laminated unit batteries containing membrane electrode composite provided with packing at periphery and clamped with separator (11). The separator surface opposing gas diffusion electrode of electrode composite is provided with gas passage (15). The gas passage and through-hole (13) at separator periphery, are covered by sealing member parallel to separator.    USE - Power source for vehicle and home.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymeric fuel cell stack has high efficiency and high reliability. The electricity generation can be stabilized for long period of time by using the fuel cell stack. The degradation of polymer film is inhibited. The solid polymer fuel cell stack has time dependent stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid polymeric fuel cell stack comprises unit batteries laminated in series. The unit batteries consists of membrane electrode composite consisting of polymeric film interposed between gas diffusion electrode. The membrane electric composite is provided with packing at the periphery, and clamped with separator. The battery is provided with through hole at the separator periphery, penetrating along the direction of lamination. The separator surface opposing gas diffusion electrode, is provided with gas passage. The gas passage and the through hole are covered by sealing member which is provided parallel to separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of separator used in the fuel cell stack. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separator (11)    Through-hole (13)    Gas passage (15)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell comprises a fuel cell separator (1). The fuel cell separator comprises an internal manifold (11) integrated to inlet (12). The inlet has metal cap (2) having an introductory path (121) through which heating gas and oxidation gas are supplied to each cell from internal manifold. The metal cap is made of material having fixed strength.    USE - Used as solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell resists corrosion and gas leak after prolonged usage. The manufacture of fuel cell by simple method using reduced labor, is enabled. Miniaturization of fuel cell is enabled, and the inlet has high strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of fuel cell separator used in solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell.    Fuel cell separator (1)    Metal cap (2)    Internal manifold (11)    Inlet (12)    Introductory path (121)
NOVELTY - Sheets (21,22) or a powder mixture of a resin and carbon are press stamped with a thin plate with grooves (23,24) in between. Grooves in shape of cooling water channel (26) are formed. The thin plate is then removed and the hollow groove is closed with silicone rubber (27).    USE - For solid polymeric fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of the separator is easily performed, in good production rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacture of separator.    Sheets (21,22)    Thin plate with grooves (23,24)    Groove in cooling water channel shape (26)    Silicone rubber (27)
NOVELTY - The alkaline cell has a cylindrically-shaped separator (14) formed by winding base of composite of vinylon fiber, rayon fiber, polypropylene fiber, pulp and vinylon binder. The separator bottom portion is formed by thermobonding, by bending edge portion of cylindrical separator in axial direction. The periphery (14a) of separator bottom and positive electrode can (11) are adhered with hot-melt resin (13).    USE - Alkaline cell.    ADVANTAGE - Time for thermobonding of separator bottom portion, is reduced. During manufacture of separator by winding base of composite polypropylene fiber, vinylon fiber, pulp, vinylon binder, polypropylene fiber and other fibers are adhered firmly. Productivity of the alkaline cell is improved and cost reduction of alkaline cell is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The can (11) has separator (14) interposed between hollow cylindrically shaped anode mix (12) and gel-like negative plate material (15).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the alkaline cell.    Positive electrode can (11)    Anode mix (12)    Hot melt resin (13)    Separator (14)    Separator bottom periphery (14a)    Gel-like negative plate material (15)
NOVELTY - A noble metal colloid (22) is dispersed in a solvent (21). An ion exchange polymer (23) and carbon black (24) are sequentially added to solvent, and noble metals (25) are supported on carbon black. A reducer is then added to solvent and carbon black supported noble metals are adhered with the ion exchange polymer and an electrode raw material for solid polymeric fuel cell is manufactured.    USE - Used for manufacturing electrode material used in solid polymeric fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is inexpensive, and enables manufacture of electrode material within short time using reduced labor. Battery property is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell consists of solid polymeric electrolyte provided with electrodes on both sides. A separator is clamped to both sides of the unit cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the electrode material manufacture.    Solvent (21)    Nobel metals colloid (22)    Ion exchange polymer (23)    Carbon black (24)    Noble metals (25)
NOVELTY - Electric poles (5,5') are arranged at the junction of adjacent cells. A groove provided to the upper portion of the electric poles is filled with acid resistant resin.    USE - Cell connection structure of lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Increases battery life as corrosion at junction of adjacent cells is prevented by providing acid resistant resin filled groove to electric poles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cell connection structure.    Electric poles (5,5')
NOVELTY - The electronic machine (10) comprises a polymer battery (500) for power supply, and a body which has an attachment or detachment mechanism part (50) for detachably placing the polymer battery. The polymer battery is a solid electrolyte cell or a gel-like electrolyte battery. The polymer battery has positive electrode and negative plate terminals.    USE - Used for electronic machine such as small sized electronic machine of portable type.    ADVANTAGE - Since the mount system and the electric connection system of the polymer battery are simple, the electronic machine containing the polymer battery has reduced size and is thin-shaped.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the polymer battery and the body part. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electronic machine (10)    Attachment or detachment mechanism part (50)    Polymer battery (500)
NOVELTY - Several secondary batteries (2) are arranged in the longitudinal direction of a case (1). An insulated shock absorbing material (4) is arranged between the secondary batteries and the case.    USE - Laptop personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Absorbs shock against secondary battery and prevents bad effects produced by vibration of secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the battery pack. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Case (1)    Secondary battery (2)    Insulated shock absorbing material (4)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical element (1,10) equipped with electrode terminals (13,14) is sealed by outer cladding material (20). At least metal and polymer having covalent bond and/or functional group having coordinate bond, are interposed between electrode terminals and outer cladding material to form sealing portion (22).    USE - Used for e.g. polymer lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical element has excellent leakage resistance. The sealing performance of terminal and outer cladding object is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of electrochemical element.    Electrochemical element (1,10)    Terminal (13,14)    Sealing portion (22)    Outer cladding object (20)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical element (10) terminals (13,14) are sealed with a multi-layered outer cladding material having at least one diamond-like carbon layer.    USE - Electrochemical element e.g. lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The multilayered outer cladding material having diamond-like carbon layer improves leak resistance of the battery. Strength and durability of the battery are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the electrochemical element.    Electrochemical element (10)    Electrodes (11,12)    Terminals (13,14)    Sealing part (13a,14a)
NOVELTY - A battery element is pinched between the covering sheet (35) which is double folded on the boundary of battery element. The sheet adheres to the battery element by heating. The sheets are held in jig and an upper blade is simultaneously descended in the side of the sheet. The fold alignment line is formed in the upper face of the sheet and the side of sheet is cut and trimmed.    USE - Polymer battery coverings processing method.    ADVANTAGE - Length of covering sheet is obtained with high precision, as the side portions are cut from top to bottom, simultaneously. Burr production during cutting of covering sheet is eliminated and electrode short circuit by contacting with electrode of battery element is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polymer battery coverings processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the polymer battery coverings processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Covering sheet (35)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises: (i) a membrane electrode assembly having electrolyte membrane, anode and cathode; (ii) separators holding the membrane electrode assembly; (iii) a projecting portion extending from the membrane and projecting from the electrodes peripheries; and (iv) a seal contacting with the projecting portion while the membrane electrode assembly is disposed between the separators.    USE - For vehicle in which space for fuel cell is limited.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid sealant pressed between the membrane and the separators maintains gas-tightness between them. The reaction force produced by the seal is uniform thus making the seal uniform. The management accuracy in cell size is easy and manufacturing cost of the cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly having a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (18), an anode side diffusion electrode (22) disposed at one side of the membrane, and a cathode side diffusion electrode (20) disposed at the other side of the membrane. A pair of separators (14, 16) hold the membrane electrode assembly. A projecting portion extends from the membrane and projects from the peripheries of the anode and cathode electrodes. A seal (S) provided onto the separators is liquid sealant at the time of application. It makes contact with the projecting portion while the membrane electrode assembly is disposed between the separators.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a fuel cell stack comprising fuel cell units having a non-adhesive seal provided between the separator of one fuel cell unit and the separator of the other cell unit; and (B) a method for producing a fuel cell or fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell.    Seal (S)    Separators (14, 16)    Electrolyte membrane (18)    Cathode side diffusion electrode (20)    Anode side diffusion electrode (22)    Grooves (28, 30)    Opening (38a)
NOVELTY - A fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite with anisotropic properties is produced by extruding a mixture of a reinforcing fiber and a polymer through a die having a surface to volume ratio of at least 10 in-1.    USE - For producing a fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite with anisotropic properties.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method aligns and orients very short fibers in the polymer matrix composite. It is simple, effective and does not require drawing to achieve significant fiber orientation. It provides a polymer matrix composite having high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity. It also provides a shaped article having superior electrical conductivities in its transverse directions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for:    (A) a shaped polymer article having anisotropic electrical conductivity, comprising a mixture of a polymer and vapor-grown carbon fibers arranged in a parallel relationship;    (B) a process of making the shaped polymer article, comprising extruding the mixture of the polymer and the vapor-grown carbon fiber through the die, thus producing strands of extrudate; and bonding the strands together in a parallel relationship to form the shaped article; and    (C) a battery or fuel cell, including one or more electrically conductive plates which can be a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the flow of a polymer/fiber mixture through a cylindrical die.
NOVELTY - Provided are an organic electrolyte containing monomers for forming polymers to trap a mixed organic solvent and lithium salts, which is not volatilized at a high temperature, and a lithium secondary battery using the organic electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic electrolyte comprises the mixed organic solvent, the lithium salts, 1-20wt% (based on the total weight of the organic electrolyte) of the monomers polymerized at 40-150 degreesC for forming the polymers to trap the mixed organic solvent and the lithium salts, and 0.01-2wt% (based on the total weight of the organic electrolyte) of a polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and azobis isobutyronitrile, wherein the monomer is acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, or their mixture. And the lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode containing lithium-contained metal oxides, an anode containing metal lithium, lithium alloy, or carbon material, a separator laid between the cathode and the anode, and the organic electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The electrode composition without plasticizer, is coated on collector, and electrode precursor is produced. Electrode precursor and separator precursor which is obtained by coating slurry of plasticizer and ionic conductive polymer, on both sides of porous polymer film not gelatinized by electrolyte, are laminated, and an electrolyte is injected to obtained battery precursor, to activate battery precursor.    USE - For manufacture of a lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium secondary battery is manufactured at low cost, without extraction of plasticizer by an organic solvent. Thereby, use of organic solvent is not required, and environment pollution is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph of life span characteristics based on charging and discharging cycles of the lithium secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous secondary battery has a positive electrode, a negative plate and an non-aqueous electrolyte. A conductive layer containing crystalline thermoplastic resin, an electroconductive agent and a binder, and having a thickness of 0.1-5 mum, is formed on the collector of positive electrode and/or negative plate. The thermoplastic resin has a function of resistor with positive temperature coefficient.    USE - As a power supply for information terminals such as a mobile telephone and a notebook personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Resistance of collector increases by heat generated at the time of overcharging of the non-aqueous secondary battery. Bursting and ignition of the battery are prevented. The battery has high performance, excellent safety and low energy and is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the temperature dependent volume resistivity of the conductive layer of the battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A liquid crystal electrolyte contains a discotic liquid crystal compound and a metallic salt having lyotropic liquid crystal property.    USE - For electronics industries, secondary batteries (claimed), photochromic devices and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid crystal electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for secondary battery in which liquid crystal electrolyte is used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cathode (41)    Anode (42)    Electrolyte layer (43)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte is impregnated on a gel electrolyte precursor comprising a first polymer slightly soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte and a second polymer that gelatinizes the non-aqueous electrolyte. The polymers are heated and cooled to form the gel electrolyte precursor. The volume ratio of the first polymer with respect to second polymer in the electrolyte precursor is within 0.1-5.    USE - For non-aqueous secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gel electrolyte precursor offers an electrolyte having improved reliability, and a non-aqueous secondary battery having improved cycle life and rate characteristics is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a non-aqueous secondary battery. The battery comprises the gel electrolyte layer (3) between the positive electrode (1) and negative plate (2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of structure of non-aqueous secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative plate (2)    Gel electrolyte layer (3)    Positive electrode collector (4)    Positive electrode layer (5)    Negative plate collector (6)    Negative plate layer (7)    Outer covering (12
NOVELTY - Positive and negative electrodes of each battery element (1) are combined and connected to respective positive and negative terminals. The bases of the positive and negative terminal leads (21) are coated and sealed with epoxy or acrylic resin (5).    USE - E.g. non-aqueous secondary batteries such as lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the short circuit in the terminals reliably, since the bases of the terminal leads are coated with epoxy or acrylic resin, thus enhancing the safety of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of the battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Battery element (1)    Acrylic resin (5)    Positive and negative terminal leads (21)
NOVELTY - A filler layer is laid up on the top surface and the bottom surface of a solar battery element. The filler layer consists of a resin film formed of a heat reversible crosslinking olefinic polymer composition.    USE - The filler layer is used for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The filler layer has superior strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, hail resistance, and very enriched durability.
NOVELTY - The composite consists of a charge transport property matrix (3) and a transition metal compound particle (4). The charge transport property matrix is a high molecular compound containing a hole transport property polymer or a hole transport property low molecular weight compound. The transition metal compound is titanium oxide of mean particle diameter 100 nm or less.    USE - For use as semiconductive polymer for semiconductor element of solar battery used in photoelectric conversion apparatus such as optical switching device and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric semiconductor element is obtained simply and economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the semiconductive polymer comprising the composite.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of the polymeric semiconductor element.    Charge transport property matrix (3)    Transition metal compound particle (4)
NOVELTY - An insulating layer (3), a lower electrode (4), a photoelectric conversion layer (5) and an upper electrode (6) are formed sequentially on the surface of an organic flexible substrate (2). The insulating layer made of metallic oxide, has particles dispersed in matrix form. The thickness of the insulating layer is 0.6-50 mum.    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the solar battery is improved. The swelling of substrate produced in photoelectric conversion layer formation area, is restrained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of component of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Organic flexible substrate (2)    Insulating layer (3)    Lower electrode (4)    Photoelectric conversion layer (5)    Upper electrode (6)
NOVELTY - Mesomorphic compound having a partial structure comprises mesomorphic mesogen groups and two divalent groups each connected to the mesogen group.    USE - The mesomorphic compound is used as a smectic liquid crystal material for use in an electrolyte which is useful in a secondary battery (claimed). The electrolyte is also used in battery or sensor device in the field of electronics.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the inventive mesomorphic compound as a component of a liquid crystal electrolyte provides the electrolyte with a high ion conductivity and an ion conductivity anisotropy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Mesomorphic compound having a partial structure comprises a mesomorphic mesogen groups and two divalent groups each connected to the mesogen group. Each divalent group is of formula (OCH2CH2)x or (OCH2CH(CH3))y.    x and y = 3-25.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an electrolyte comprising at least one species of the inventive mesomorphic compound and a metal salt; and    (B) a secondary battery comprising an electrolyte (13) and an electrode (11-12).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic sectional view of a secondary battery.    Electrodes (11-12)    Electrolyte (13)
NOVELTY - Light energy converting and/or storing device has two surface-divided electrodes with functional materials between them. The contact to the electrodes is formed as a conducting textile fiber arrangement.    USE - Used in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Energy losses are minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: An upper electrode and/or a contact and a lower electrode and/or a contact are formed as a fleece, foil, thread arrangement or knitted fabric. A central electrode and/or contact is inserted between the electrodes.    The textile fiber arrangement contains immobilized functional materials such as electrolytes, semiconductors, dyes, conducting particles, optically active particles, bacteriorhodopsia, biopolymers, fillers, magnetic particles, chromatophores, luminophores or gas bubbles. The textile fiber arrangement is made of carbon, platinum, gold or other metals, photoconductors, mixed compounds or oxides.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the device.    electrodes (10)    dye molecules (13)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises stacked polymer electrolyte fuel cells, each separated by an intermediate cooling chamber. Cooling medium distribution and collection chambers are not arranged on opposing lateral surfaces of the stack. A seal is provided between the neighboring single fuel cells on their outer edge regions.    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The system has a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system comprises stacked polymer electrolyte fuel cells, each separated by an intermediate cooling chamber. A cooling medium distribution chamber is arranged with a cooling medium inlet opening on one lateral surface of the stack. A cooling medium collecting chamber and the cooling medium distribution chamber are not arranged on the other lateral surfaces of the stack. A seal is provided between the neighboring single fuel cells on their outer edge regions.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for cooling a fuel cell system using a coolant flowing through the intermediate chambers of the system.    Preferred Features: At least one cooling medium distribution chamber and one cooling medium collecting chamber are arranged on two opposite lying lateral surfaces of the stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell system.    fuel cell system (1)    single fuel cells (2)    stack (3)    intermediate chamber (10)    cooling medium (13)    cooling medium distribution chamber (15)    cooling medium inlet opening (16)    cooling medium collecting chamber (18)
NOVELTY - The metal layer (4) has electrically-conducting connections on both surfaces and the plastic (3) layers have surface channels for gas transport.    USE - Used to make bipolar fuel cell plates for fuel cell stacks for current supply in mobile and static devices (claimed applications).    ADVANTAGE - Simple low cost fabrication is offered. Because two components (metal and plastic) are employed, each can be selected to optimize its properties for the application.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the fabrication of bipolar plates by forming the metal layer to make electrically-conducting connections, with subsequent over-injection of plastic.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A perspective view and cross-section of an implementation is shown.    Plastic (3)    Metal layer (4)
NOVELTY - Co-substituted linear phosphazene polymer is new. At least part of the side groups impart ionic conductance to the polymer. At least part of the side groups are non-conductive hydrophobic groups that provide the polymer with mechanical stability. Polymer is capable of functioning as sole polymer component of a gel electrolyte system having conductance at room temperature of at least 10-5 S/cm.    USE - Co-substituted linear phosphazene polymers are useful in gel polymer electrolytes (claimed) which are alternatives to solid polymer electrolytes and liquid electrolytes for battery applications.    ADVANTAGE - Gel is dimensionally stable and can attain high levels of ionic conductivity with minimum amounts of organic additives.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A co-substituted linear phosphazene polymer is of formula (I).    -(NPRR')q- (I)    R, R' each = side chains on a linear phosphazene chain; and    q = 2-20,000, the number of moles of monomer units in the polymer.    At least part of the R groups impart ionic conductance to the polymer. At least part of the R' groups are non-conductive hydrophobic groups that provide the polymer with mechanical stability. The polymer is capable of functioning as the sole polymer component of a gel electrolyte system having a conductance at room temperature of at least 10-5 S/cm.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a co-substituted linear phosphazene polymer of formula (II); and    (2) a gel polymer electrolyte system including a co-substituted linear phosphazene polymer component. -((NPRR)r-(NPRR')s-(NPR'R')t)m- (II)    r = 0-100,000;    s = 0-100,000;    t = 0-100,000; and    m = 0-100,000.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a linear phosphazene polymer containing only methoxyethoxyethoxy side chains (MEEP).
NOVELTY - A negative active material comprises a graphite particle(s) (21), a silicon micro-particle(s) (22) attached on a surface of the graphite particle, and a carbon film coated on the graphite particle and the silicon micro-particle.    USE - For a rechargeable lithium battery.    ADVANTAGE - The negative active material has a higher charge and discharge capacity, higher charge and discharge efficiency, and good charge and discharge cycle life characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of preparing a negative active material comprising attaching a silicon micro-particle to a graphite particle; coating a polymer on the graphite particle on which the silicon micro-particle is attached to prepare a negative active material precursor with a polymer film, and calcining the precursor such that the polymer film is carbonized to obtain a carbon film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the negative active material.    Graphite particle(s) (21)    Silicon micro-particle(s) (22)
NOVELTY - New non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprises a porous solid polymer electrolyte having a specific polymer with ethyleneoxide chains and boron oxide structure.    USE - For lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The batteries have improved safety guard as well as higher charge-discharge performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprises a porous solid polymer electrolyte having a polymer of formula (I) or (II) which has ethyleneoxide chains and boron oxide structure.
NOVELTY - A battery has a porous macromolecular solid electrolyte in the battery.    USE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used for the battery.    ADVANTAGE - The porous macromolecule is swelled or wetted in the electrolytic solution. The result absorbs the electrolytic solution and uniformly delivers the electrolytic solution to the entire electrodes even if a small amount of the electrolytic solution is filled in the battery. The battery has enhanced charge discharge performance compared with conventional hole-free macromolecular solid electrolyte and superior safety compared with conventional batteries using no macromolecular solid electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous macromolecular solid electrolyte has a macromolecule of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) and/or (VI).    x, y, z, m, n = natural number;    R, R1, R2 = 1-12C alkyl; and    R1 = R2, or R1 not equal to R2.
NOVELTY - A secondary battery (20) has a positive electrode and a negative plate which performs release and occlusion of lithium ion by charging and discharging, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a leveling agent which inhibits precipitation of metal ion in positive electrode and/or negative plate.    USE - For portable apparatuses such as note book personal computer and mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The leveling agent contained in the electrolyte prevents precipitation of the metal ion in the negative plate. Therefore, the generation of short circuit using the battery is prevented. The degradation of the negative plate is inhibited. The secondary battery has high reliability and durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal cross-sectional view of the sealed cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery.    Secondary battery (20)
NOVELTY - The gel-like ionic conductive electrolyte contains polyurethane having carbonate group, and electrolyte.    USE - Used for electrochemical device (claimed) and battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gel-like electrolyte has high mechanical strength against exterior stress and ionic conductivity. The electrolyte is simple and weightless, and excels in dimensional accuracy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyurethane is obtained using polycarbonate diol. The electrolyte is chosen from tetra fluoro lithium borate, hexafluoro lithium phosphate, lithium per chlorate and LiN(CF3SO2)2. The liquid solvent in the electrolyte is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) electrochemical device; and    (b) battery.
NOVELTY - A polyaniline is doped with bis (perfluoro alkane sulfonyl) imide anion and/or tris (perfluoro alkane sulfonyl) methide anion.    USE - Used for batteries, electrolytic capacitor and electrochemical capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - Polyaniline has high electric conductivity. Electrochemical capacitor and electrolytic capacitor with excellent characteristics are manufactured using the polyaniline. The electrolytic capacitor has excellent impedance characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (i) a method of manufacturing polyaniline, comprising performing electrolytic polymerization in solution containing more than one compound chosen from aniline, bis (perfluoro alkane sulfonyl) imide, tris (perfluoro alkane sulfonyl) methide and/or their salts; and (ii) an electrode material containing the polyaniline.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the various devices using the conductive polyaniline. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An end plate (A) consists of a resin material having compressive strength of 100 MPa or more.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The light weight fuel cell is manufactured easily using the end plate. The resin end plate is formed easily, hence the production of end plate is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell using end plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the respective diagram of fuel cell using resin end plate.    End plate (A)
NOVELTY - The electrolyte supporting polymer film comprises a composite matrix thin film formed by coating a resin matrix (B) on both surfaces of a thermoplastic resin matrix thin film (A) having melting point of at least 130 degreesC or more. Resins (A) and (B) moisten-swell in a non-aqueous electrolyte and resin (B) has tack strength of at least 10 kN/m2 when it swells in the non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE - For secondary battery (claimed) e.g. lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - Electrolyte supporting polymer film has favorable adhesive property with the electrode. The electrolyte supporting polymer film shows excellent mechanical characteristics and high conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for secondary battery using the electrolyte supporting polymer film.
NOVELTY - The sealant coating method of gasket involves applying solution formed by dissolving polyamide resin contained as sealant main component in solvent containing isopropyl alcohol and/or toluene to gasket, followed by stirring the gasket in water.    USE - For coating sealant to gasket used in button-type battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The sealant is applied uniformly to the gasket and leaking-resistant characteristics are increased. The battery has long-term reliability and cracking of gasket during sealant coating process is prevented. Adhesion between gaskets is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for button-type battery.
NOVELTY - The tertiary copolymer electrolytic film is prepared by adding polymer material, which includes meta-fluoroethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene and plasiticizer and capable of forming gel together with electrolytic liquid and crosslinking and grafting electrolyte film to form polymer electrolyte film, into electrode. During the process, powder, granular of fibrous additive and film support may be added so that the electrolyte liquid forms gel without dendrite formed and leakage of electrolyte liquid. The cell is used in portable electronic equipment.
NOVELTY - Solid polymer type fuel cell comprises electrolyte film, air electrode contacting 1 side of said film and fuel electrode contacting the other side. The electrolyte film comprises film base of polymeric ion-exchanging ingredient and dispersed phyllosilicate particles, which have undergone a treatment for metal ion/proton exchange.    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte film (2) has excellent high temperature strength and can improve power generation performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer type fuel cell (1) comprises an electrolyte film (2), an air electrode (3) in close contact with one side of the electrolyte film (2) and a fuel electrode (4) in close contact with the other side thereof. The electrolyte film (2) comprises a film base (9) made of a polymeric ion-exchanging ingredient and dispersed in the film base (9) phyllosilicate particles (10) which have undergone a treatment for metal ion/proton exchange. It has a proton conductivity Pc higher than 0.05 S/cm.
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte film, an anode and cathode sandwiching the electrolyte film, an anode side conductive separator plate which has a gas flow path which supplies fuel gas to the anode, and a cathode side conductive separator plate which has a gas flow path which supplies oxidizing agent gas to a cathode.    USE - Used as a portable power source, power source for electrical vehicles, domestic go-generation systems, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The distribution properties of the reaction gas are improved. Current variations between cells of a laminated battery are improved to a large extent. Reverse stacking where the front and back surfaces of the cell stack are inverted during assembly, is completely prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separator plates have a rectangular shape and have manifold holes for the oxidizing gas of the inlet side into one longer side, and manifold holes for oxidizing gas of the outlet side on the other longer side. Manifold holes for fuel gas and manifold holes for cooling water are arranged on different short sides so that the holes are mutually opposed. The opening shape of all these holes is different.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the cathode side of the cathode plate.    Manifold Holes for Oxidizing Gas (2a-b)    Manifold Holes for Cooling Water (3a-b)    Manifold Holes for Fuel Gas (4a-b)    Gas Flow Path (5)    Sliced-off Parts (7-8)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell with high performance catalyst layer    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a catalyst layer exhibiting high performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the fuel cell, the weight ratio of a hydrogen ion conducting polymer electrolyte to electroconductive carbon particles in the catalyst layer in an electrode of the cell satisfies the formula (I):    Y = a logX b+c (I)    log = natural logarithm;    X = specific surface area of the electroconductive carbon particles;    Y = (the weight of the hydrogen ion conducting polymer electrolyte)/(the weight of the electroconductive carbon particles);    a = 0.216;    c = +/-0.300;    b = 0.421 at an air electrode; and    b = 0.221 at an fuel electrode.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte composition in which liquid electrolyte is supported inside a porous polymer membrane and a method its manufacture are provided to manufacture a polymer electrolyte by supporting the liquid electrolyte onto the porous polymer membrane after coating a polymer having superior compatibility with the liquid electrolyte to a thin thickness on the surface of a porous polymer membrane and inside micro pores.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte composition is characterized in that liquid electrolyte consisting of constituents (d) and (e) is infused into micro pores after coating the melted material on the surface of a porous polymer membrane and inside micro pores of constituents (a) after melting a polymer of constituents (b) having good affinity with the liquid electrolyte together with inorganic materials represented as constituents (c).    The method for manufacturing the polymer electrolyte composition comprises the steps of drying the coated porous polymer membrane after dipping a porous polymer membrane into a solution in which polymer is dissolved together with inorganic materials using the above composition so as to coat the surface and inside the porous polymer membrane; drying again the coated membrane after coating the surface of the dried membrane with a solution in which polymer is dissolved with inorganic materials; and supporting the manufactured porous polymer membrane together with liquid electrolyte onto a mixed solvent under the atmosphere of argon.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for a direct methanol fuel cell or a polymer fuel cell is provided, to reduce the transfer resistance of a reactant and a product and to increase the catalyst supporting amount per unit area, thereby improving the performance of a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of mixing carbon powder and a polymer ionomer solution to make an ink, coating both the sides of an electrolyte membrane(15) with the ink to form a carbon(16)-ionomer(18) film; evaporating and depositing a mono-component or multi-component-system metal catalyst used as a catalyst of an anode and a cathode on the coated electrolyte membrane in a plasma sputtering reactor, to form a catalyst film(14) on the carbon-ionomer film; and repeating the two processes to form the multi layered carbon-ionomer and catalyst films both the sides of the membrane. Preferably the electrolyte membrane is a poly perfluoro sulfonate-based solid polymer membrane with the thickness of 25-150 micrometers; the carbon powder is carbon black with the particle size of 1-100 nm and the surface area of 50-1,000 m2/g; and the polymer ionomer is a hydrogen ion-conductive poly perfluoro sulfonate-based material and it is dissolved in alcohols by the concentration of 5-15 wt%.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing lithium secondary battery is provided to improve processability of a gel polymer electrolyte and battery assembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises    (i) coating a polymer film with affinity for electrolyte on at least one side of the anode and cathode;    (ii) placing a porous separator between the anode and cathode; and    (iii) integrating the electrode and the porous separator by gelling the coated polymer film with affinity for the electrolyte with liquid electrolyte at high temperature.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing lithium secondary battery is provided to improve processability of a polymer electrolyte and battery assembly without preprocessing and a gelling process at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises    (i) preparing an electrode, a porous separator, and a polymer film with affinity for electrolyte;    (ii) placing the polymer film with affinity for an electrolyte between the electrode and the porous separator; and    (iii) integrating the electrode and the porous separator by gelling the polymer film with affinity for the electrolyte with liquid electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer fuel cell has a catalyst layer (11) and a porous gaseous diffusion layer (3) formed sequentially on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film. Separators (I) and (II) are provided respectively on each of the gaseous diffusion layer. The amount of electrolyte in the catalyst layer changes along the thickness direction and the longitudinal direction.    USE - Power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The gaseous diffusion layer has excellent gas diffusion property and prevents inhibition of gas diffusion due to the presence of moisture content. The regulation of electrolyte content in the catalyst layer is made easier so adjusting gas diffusion property arbitrarily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separator (I) has fuel gas passage way for supplying and ejecting heating gas comprising hydrogen, and is provided on one of the gaseous diffusion layers. The separator (II) has oxidizing gas passage way for supplying and ejecting oxidizing gas, and is provided on the other gaseous diffusion layer. The catalyst layer comprises the catalyst powder and electrolyte.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer fuel cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows catalyst layer formed on gaseous diffusion layer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Porous gaseous diffusion layer (3)    Catalyst layer (11)
NOVELTY - The lead storage battery has addition agent that contains polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic ester, polyvinyl alcohol, soluble lignin, sulfuric acid or colloidal lead sulfate, in the electrolyte and a molded active negative plate casting.    USE - For use in electric vehicle, UPS.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of battery capacity due to repeated charging and discharging is prevented, due to the presence of the addition agent in the electrolyte, thus the life of battery is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for addition agent for lead storage battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a comparison graph of hydrogen overvoltage of the battery addition agent with the conventional product. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A lead alloy sheet with expanded lattice configuration is formed on the anode board.    USE - Lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves deep discharge life span characteristics without impairing overcharge life span characteristics.
NOVELTY - New solid polymer electrolyte comprises Gp.Ia metal salt which is incorporated into a polymer compound having nitrogen atoms.    USE - For electrochemical devices including batteries, capacitors, or electrochromic displays, or actuators for medical use.    ADVANTAGE - The new electrolyte provides rechargeable batteries free of electrolyte leakage, having improved stability and reliability at high temperature.
NOVELTY - A base material layer (1) is provided to upper surface of an inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2), for shielding the film.    USE - For solar battery module used for various electronic devices e.g. calculator for consumer applications, for rolling up type vacuum evaporation device, low temperature plasma chemical vapor deposition device.    ADVANTAGE - The protection sheet has excellent strength and is resistant to weather, heat, water, light, wind pressure, chemical, stain, hail and is damp proof, and hence inexpensive and safe solar-battery module can be manufactured stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the protection sheet.    Base-material layer (1)    Inorganic vapor-deposition film (2)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has an electrode including a catalyst layer and a diffusion layer. The catalyst layer is sectioned into portions including upstream and downstream portions along a reactant gas flow direction. The upstream portion has a structure for preventing a drying-up of the cell, and the downstream portion has a structure for preventing a flooding of the cell.    USE - Used as polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents drying-up of the cell at the upstream portion and flooding of the cell at the downstream portion so electric voltage and output power of the cell and power efficiency are increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front elevation of a cell plane of the fuel cell sectioned into zones along the gas flow direction.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell gas sensor (S) comprises working and counter electrodes (12, 14); and a catalyst disk (17a) for chemically oxidizing gases on a counter electrode side of the counter electrode to reduce an amount of gases that will reach the counter electrode from the counter electrode side.    USE - For detecting oxidizable gases, e.g. hydrogen or carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell gas sensor does not only detect oxidizable gases in places where the gases are restricted to the working electrode (e.g. in fuel cell power generators, or hydrogen and fuel cell powered automobiles), but also in places where the gases can reach both the working electrode and the counter electrode (e.g. in ambient air space).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the fuel cell gas sensor.    Fuel cell gas sensor (S)    Main body (10)    First protection membrane (11)    Working electrode (12)    Electrolyte (13)    Counter electrode (14)    Second protection membrane (15)    Contacts (16)    Catalyst disk (17a)
NOVELTY - Air for an enclosure is conditioned by disposing a water-conducting membrane (10) between a first stream of outside ambient air and a second stream of enclosure return air. The membrane is comprised of a sulfonated statistical copolymer consisting of aryl vinyl monomer(s) and olefin monomer(s), where the aromatic derivatives of the aryl vinyl monomer are at least partially sulfonated.    USE - Used for conditioning air for an enclosure.    ADVANTAGE - By using the water-conductive membrane, the process makes it possible to operate an air conditioner unit at a higher temperature or a heater at a lower temperature such that operating costs are reduced. The membrane allows diffusion of protons, but prevents both the flow of electrons and the diffusion of molecular gases. It is mechanically stable and free of porosity and pinholes, which would allow passage of molecular gases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Conditioning air for an enclosure comprises:    (a) disposing a water-conducting membrane between a first stream of outside ambient air and a second stream of enclosure return air; and    (b) contacting the first and second streams with an opposite surface of the membrane such that heat and moisture are transferred from the first stream to the second stream.    The membrane is composed of a sulfonated statistical copolymer consisting of aryl vinyl monomer(s) and olefin monomer(s), where the aromatic derivatives of the aryl vinyl monomer are at least partially sulfonated.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for the above process comprising a heat and moisture exchanger core, which comprises the water-conducting membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a typical fuel cell incorporating a water-conducting membrane.    Water-conducting membrane (10)
NOVELTY - A liquid electrolyte made of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or methane sulfonic acid, is impregnated on a polymer film with matrix structure having alkyl, fluoride alkyl, amino, carboxy, alkoxy or halogen functional groups. The protective polymer film is coated on the surface of composite electrolyte.    USE - For electrochemical cell e.g. fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the liquid electrolyte is impregnated on the polymer film, the elution of liquid electrolyte with water is prevented, hence the characteristics of the fuel cell are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell;    (b) Polymer film coated electrolyte manufacturing method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Sheet-like battery lead wire member comprises olefin type resin film (2) adhered to particular portion of ribbon-like metal (1) sides using thermoplastic elastomer adhesive. The metal has predetermined length and the adhesive contains a metal (3) adhesion agent. Electricity is supplied to the ribbon-like metal through the resin film.    USE - For construction of polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - The resin film has excellent adhesive strength. Electrolyte leakage from the sheet-like battery is prevented. The battery can be produced efficiently in a short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) lead wire member material; and    (b) manufacture of lead wire member material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the lead wire member.    Ribbon-like metal (1)    Olefin type resin film (2)    Thermoplastic elastomer adhesive containing metal (3)
NOVELTY - Resin composition includes: (a) a polyphenylene ether-based resin; (b) a polypropylene-based resin; and (c) a hydrogenated block copolymer of at least two polymer blocks A composed mainly of a vinyl aromatic compound and at least one polymer block B composed mainly of a conjugated diene compound, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the polypropylene-based resin in the resin composition is not less than 8.    USE - Resin composition is useful for producing cell vessels, particularly sealed type secondary cell vessels, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The resin composition exhibits excellent welding property with excellent high temperature creeping characteristic.
NOVELTY - The solar battery has a reflective electroconductive thin film (110), silicon crystal thin film and a transparent conductive thin film (130), in order on a plastic substrate (100) with a melting point or glass transition point of 130degreesC or more.    USE - As a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery is lightweight, portable and inexpensive, and has high operativity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Plastic substrate (100)    Reflective electroconductive film (110)    Transparent electrically conductive film (130)
NOVELTY - An organic macromolecular composition for lead accumulator contains polyorganosiloxane 0.5-2 portions as component A, organic silicon oil 0.5-2 portions as component B, sulfuric acid whose density is 1.40-1.60 10-50 portions as component C and diluent water 10-300 portions.    USE - Used for an accumulator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic macromolecular composition for lead accumulator contains polyorganosiloxane 0.5-2 portions as component A, organic silicon oil 0.5-2 portions as component B, sulfuric acid whose density is 1.40-1.60 10-50 portions as component C and diluent water 10-300 portions.    The component A and component B are fully stirred and mixed, then diluted by adding component D, and then mixed with component C. Said invented composition can effectively raise the low-temp .discharge capacity service life and all electric indexes of accumulator and can reduce the corrosion of electrode plate by electrolyte.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for its preparation method and its application as electrolyte or chemical solution.
NOVELTY - A Lewis acid-containing polymer comprises a Lewis acid group and a polymeric chain with spacer groups, in the repeat unit.    USE - For precursor of polyanionic polymer used as solid polymeric electrolyte in lithium secondary battery used in electrochemical devices and electric automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The novel polyanionic polymers exhibit high conductivity and desired electrochemical and physical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A Lewis acid-containing polymer comprises repeat unit (I).    (AL)p (I) -O-X(Y1)-O- (II)    A = Lewis acid group (II);    X = group (III) element;    Y1 = ligand bound to X;    O = ligand bound to X and to the polymer chain L;    L = polymeric chain chemically linked to a ligand in Lewis acid and comprises preset number of spacer groups ((Z)n);    Z = same or different spacer group;    n = number of spacer groups;    p = number of repeat units in the polymer.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Polyanionic polymer which comprises the Lewis acid-containing polymer (I) and a salt of a Lewis base.    (ii) Method for forming polyanionic conductive polymer which involves combining a Lewis acid-containing polymer and a Lewis base salt under conditions where the Lewis base anion combines or associates with the Lewis acid-containing polymer.    (iii) Method for forming a Lewis acid-containing polymer (I). Lewis acid group comprising group (III) element coordinated to three ligands where one ligand is Y1, and a polymeric group with repeating spacer groups and a reactive group capable of reacting with non-Y1 ligands are combined under preset conditions. The non-Y1 ligands and the reactive group react to form Lewis acid-containing polymer and a small molecule.    (iv) Polyanionic polymeric network which comprises cross-linked polyanionic polymer.    (v) Solid polymeric electrolyte which comprises polyanionic polymer.
NOVELTY - Solar cell module with anti-dust and anti-pollution functions, includes (a) substrate with light transparent safety glass upper layer, in which the safety glass has been treated with an optical catalyst coating treatment and polyester type lower layer with climate-resistant characteristics; (b) photosensitizer including a conduction wire copper foil and a packaging film, located between the upper and lower substrates.    ADVANTAGE - Has high conversion efficiency and output power in addition to high reliability and stability, since the solar cell module has anti-dust and anti-pollution properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of fabricating the composition by coating the composition material of optical catalyst on the safety glass,and heating to transform to crystal type metal red stone. The composition material of optical catalyst includes metal oxide material, acid solution and interface activation solution.
NOVELTY - Workpiece is placed on the lower case (1) which is in open-condition. The elevatable upper case (2) is lowered after vacuumizing the space between the lower and upper cases. Lamination is performed by heating and pressurization of the workpiece.    USE - For laminating solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides compact structure with lower height as the upper chamber is elevatable.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of the lamination apparatus.    Lower case (1)    Elevatable upper case (2)
NOVELTY - System has pressure regulation containers (1,2) storing a pressure governing liquid product within the limits of 30 % or lesser than the upper space volume. The container (2) has a tube (7) positioned lower than the liquid level, for fluid communication with container (1) which in turn is connected to an electrolytic tank (3) through an upper tube (5).    USE - For regulating the pressure of electrolytic tank of redox flow secondary battery or zinc bromide battery.    ADVANTAGE - The differential pressure of the gaseous pressure and the atmospheric pressure is maintained to a predetermined narrow range, irrespective of the positive and negative pressure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of water tank.    Pressure regulation containers (1,2)    Electrolytic tank (3)    Tubes (5,7)
NOVELTY - The substrate (2) is fixed on a plate (3) that has a heater (22). The cylindrical mold (6) with desired pattern at peripheral surface is mounted above the plate. The mold is pushed against the substrate with specific force and rotated. The pattern is transferred to substrate by relative transfer of mold and plate.    USE - For pattern transfer in fine processing of circuit in production of LCD device, field emission display device, PDP and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces damage of substrate caused by unbalanced load of mold. Reduces manufacturing cost of apparatus by reducing size of cylindrical mold. Improves precision in pattern transfer on substrate. Reduces heat loss by heat exchange of substrate by passing substrate through preheater and cooling unit, to pattern transfer area. Improves productivity of substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The height of mold from the substrate is controlled by detecting height of its ends from substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of pattern transfer apparatus.    Substrate (2)    Plate (3)    Cylindrical mold (6)    Heater (22)
NOVELTY - A new photo-carrier generating and transporting thin film for photo-electric transducers is made of a polythiophene derivative which consists of specific repeating units.    USE - For photo-electric transducers including transistors, light emitting diodes, or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The films generate photo-carriers with longer life time and mobility, providing photo-electric transducers having improved conversion efficiency and higher switching time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new photo-carrier generating and transporting thin film for photo-electric transducers is made of a polythiophene derivative which consists of specific repeating units of formula (1).    R = 1-20C alkyl group
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a positive electrode comprising a positive active material; a negative electrode comprising a negative active material; and a porous polymer electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive and negative electrodes, and the polymer electrolyte are fixed to each other.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a high rate discharge performance and exhibits a high safety for overcharge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising laminating the positive and negative electrodes (1, 21) with a porous polymer (43) interposed in between the two electrodes to form an electricity-generating element; injecting an electrolyte into the electricity generating element to render the porous polymer to be a polymer electrolyte; and heating the polymer electrolyte of the electricity-generating element melt the polymer electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of a structure of an electricity-generating element.    Positive and negative electrodes (1, 21)    Porous polymer (43)    Porous polymer film (50)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrochemical apparatus has difference (gammas t-gamma se) of less than 10 dynes/cm, where gamma st is surface tension of electrolyte and gamma se is surface free energy of electrode.    USE - For lithium secondary battery used in portable information terminals, portable electronic devices, domestic small sized power storage devices, automatic two wheel vehicles, electric cars, hybrid electric cars.    ADVANTAGE - The wettability of electrodes or separators with electrolyte is enhanced, thereby improving life characteristics, storage characteristics and high rate discharge characteristics of electrochemical apparatus. The diffusability of ions at the interface is increased, and so electrochemical apparatus having high load characteristics, low evolution of gases, excellent charge and discharge characteristics, and cycle life is obtained. The electrochemical apparatus is good in discharge characteristics at a great current, and can be utilized for devices which require large current.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal sectional view of cylindrical battery.    Battery case (1)    Anode (5)    Cathode (6)    Separator (7)
NOVELTY - Back cover material, comprises moisture resistant film interposed between heat and weather resistant films. The moisture resistant film consists of base film having a deposited layer of inorganic oxide, on surface.    USE - Used as rear surface protective material for solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The back cover material for solar cell excels in moisture resistance, durability and insulating characteristics. The layer of deposited inorganic oxide on base surface is an excellent insulator, hence short-circuit and leak current associated with underlying components such as photovoltaic element and wire of a solar cell module is prevented. The back cover material is light and thin. The anchor coat layer prevents permeation of moisture through back cover material, for a long time. The heat and weather resistant films protect the moisture resistant film, and improves working efficiency of solar cell. The solar cell module has high durability and performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module comprising solar cell(s) interposed between front and rear surface protection materials. The rear surface protection material is the back cover material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of a back cover material.    Back cover material (1)    Heat and weather resistant films (2,3)    Adhesive (16)
NOVELTY - A process for producing insulation sheet of battery is provided to continuously mass-produce the sheet used for manufacturing cellular phone and computer and/or camcorder and to accomplish complete localization of the product and save foreign currency due to import-substitution effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process comprises:    (i) cutting and winding the raw material (A);    (ii) cutting a portion in desired numbers excluding PET film(10) during the movement of the material(A);    (iii) removing a cut part(A-1) from the material(A) and winding the remaining part to prepare another material;    (iv) removing PET film(18);    (v) adhering the adhesive(16) to the insulation paper; and    (vi) forming a gap on PET film(10) by generating a square hole in the middle of a product sensitivity fluorescent material having a formula of CaBaW2O8:Eu+3,Sm+3 comprises fluorescent material containing 0.005mol EuCl3 compound having 0.5-2.0% EU and 0.002 mol SmCl3 compound having 0.3-1.5% Sm ions plasticized in three steps and ground as an activator and, as a base matrix, calcium barium tungstate (CaBaW2O8).    The plasticization process comprises a first step of plasticizing the compounds at 600 degreesC for 60 minutes under oxidation atmosphere and grinding it into 15 micrometer size of particles; a second step of plasticizing the first obtained material at 1100 degreesC for 60 minutes and grinding it into 3 micrometer size of particles; and a third step of plasticizing the second obtained material at 600 degreesC for 60 minutes.
NOVELTY - An electrical faded film is provided to save the energy and give convenience to the life by controlling the solar energy, which comes in through the glass of a building or a car, and to use the film as a display instrument or a written information transmitting instrument.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrical faded film includes ITO(Indium-tin-oxide) films(1A, 1B), MoO3(2), Polyaniline(3), BLi-Al2O3(4), WO3(5), an adhesive(6) and a vinyl film(7). MoO3(2) with the thickness of 0.2-0.25 micro meter is additionally laid on an ITO film(1A). WO3(5) with the thickness of 0.25 micro meter is additionally laid on the other ITO film(1B). BLi-Al2O3(4) with the thickness of 0.3 micro meter, a solid electrolyte is additionally laid on the WO3(5). And Polyaniline(3), a semiconductor, is applied between MoO3(2) and BLi-Al2O3(4) and a high frequency pressed roller passes them.
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery is provided, to improve the binding power between electrodes and a separator, thereby inhibiting the swelling of a battery when it is placed at a high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lithium secondary battery is such that it comprises a cathode comprising an oxide of lithium-containing metal; an anode comprising metal lithium, lithium alloy or carbon material; a separator which is placed between the cathode and the anode; and an organic electrolytic liquid comprising a nonaqueous organic solvent and lithium salt, and it is prepared by adding a thermosetting monomer or oligomer to the organic electrolytic liquid for improving the binding power among the cathode, the anode and the separator, and polymerizing and thermosetting it. Preferably the thermosetting monomer is selected from the group consisting of an acrylate-based monomer, an acrylamide-based monomer and divinyl benzene, and the thermosetting oligomer is selected from the group consisting of an acrylate-based oligomer and an acrylamide-based oligomer.
NOVELTY - An air supply line (52) branched from a line (29), is connected to a generating device (II). A preheater (26) is provided to the air supply line (52) to heat thermal effluent ejected from a cooling unit of fuel cell (I) for recycling.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables utilizing thermal effluent ejected from cooling unit effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of power generating device of solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell.    Preheater (26)    Line (29)    Air supply line (52)    Fuel cell (I)    Generating device (II)
NOVELTY - The paste containing hydrogen storage alloy powder as principal component, is applied on a support and a hydrogen-occlusion alloy negative plate is obtained. Solution containing fluororesin dispersed in organic solvent is applied to surface of the negative plate by ultrasonic oscillation, such that the fluororesin powder and organic solvent are mixed.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen-occlusion-alloy negative plate for nickel-hydrogen storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Water repellency of the plate and hydrogen gas absorption of the hydrogen occlusion alloy, are increased. Rise of internal pressure of the battery is suppressed. Jamming and application irregularity of a nozzle, are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Nickel-hydrogen storage battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the surface condition of the hydrogen-occlusion alloy negative plate. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An opto-electric transducer has photosensitive layer, electric charge moving bed (30) and counter electrode (40) sequentially laminated on electroconductive support (50). The void between semiconductor microparticle (21) which absorbed pigment (22) in photosensitive layer is filled with charge transport material (23). The porosity between microparticles gradually decreases towards the direction of support.    USE - For solar battery (claimed) such as single crystal silicon solar battery, polycrystalline silicon solar cell or amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The opto-electric transducer excels in photoelectric conversion efficiency. The short-circuit current density is large.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Solar battery which has opto-electric transducer.    (2) Solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fragmentary sectional view of an opto-electric transducer.    Semiconductor microparticle (21)    Pigment (22)    Charge transport material (23)    Electric charge moving bed (30)    Counter electrode (40)    Support (50)    Undercoat (60)
NOVELTY - Separator (1) is formed by molding a mixture of carbon powder and a tabular resin. Gas passageways comprising gas flowing grooves (6) are provided on one or both sides of the separator. A frame is integrally molded to periphery of grooves. Gas flowing grooves and frame have electric specific resistances of 2 x 10 to the power -4 Ohm m and 3 x 10 to the power -4 Ohm m, respectively.    USE - The separator is used for fuel cells such as solid polymer fuel cells used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has high strength and is thin. The battery has high output characteristics, and reduced thickness. Height of the battery stack is reduced and size reduction of battery is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for separator manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial cross-sectional view of solid polymer fuel cell.    Separator (1)    Grooves (6)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte comprises a first solvent having a dielectric constant of at least 20, a second solvent having a viscosity of at most 1.3, and an electrolyte salt.    USE - For lithium-sulfur battery for use in portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has excellent high-temperature and low-temperature characteristics. The battery incorporating the inventive electrolyte shows excellent capacity and cycle life characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a lithium-sulfur battery comprising a negative electrode, the inventive electrolyte, and a positive electrode comprising a positive active material and an electrically conductive material. The negative electrode comprises a negative active material consisting of lithium metal or lithium-containing alloy, combination electrode of a lithium/inactive sulfur, a compound that can reversibly intercalate lithium ion, and a compound that can reversibly redoxidate with a lithium ion at a surface. The positive active material comprises sulfur-based material(s) that can be sulfur element, Li2Sn (n is at least 1), organic sulfur compound, or carbon-sulfur polymer ((C2Sx)n, where x = 2.5-50 and n is at least 2).
NOVELTY - A module (1) for installation of photovoltaic and/or solar elements (4) on building roofs, comprises a block like base (3) which consists of a heat insulating material (3a). (3) is equipped on its top side with means (5) for fixing the solar elements, and is attachable to a roof surface.    USE - For installing photovoltaic and/or other solar elements on building roofs, especially flat roofs.    ADVANTAGE - The installation of photovoltaic and other solar elements is made simpler and easier in comparison with known practices.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an example of the module (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Base (3)    Solar elements (4)    Means for fixing solar elements (5)
NOVELTY - The fuel oil is obtained by polymerizing light olefins and subjecting to hydrogenation.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel oil has extremely low sulfur concentration. Sulfur- and coke-poisoning of the catalyst in the reforming process, is suppressed. Durability of the catalyst is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of hydrogen in fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Safety valve (11) is provided in flow path (7) through which heating gas or oxidizing agent is supplied.    USE - Fuel cell safety device.    ADVANTAGE - Gas supply during combustion is stopped easily and reliably by a simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the fuel cell safety device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Flow path (7)    Safety valve (11)
NOVELTY - A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) comprises a fluor-containing cation exchange membrane, porous electrode material layers, electroconductive inactive material, and fluorpolymeric binder. The fluor-containing cation exchange membrane is produced of hydrolyzed copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with perfluorosulfur-containing vinyl ether.    USE - Used in fuel cells, in water electrolyzers, and other electrochemical processes.    ADVANTAGE - The MEA has an improved electrochemical characteristics such as low catalyst loading, increase in efficiency of electrocatalyst usage and life time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) comprises a fluor-containing cation exchange membrane, porous electrode material layers (made of electrocatalyst), electroconductive inactive material, and fluorpolymeric binder situated on both surfaces of cation exchange membrane. The fluor-containing cation exchange membrane is produced of hydrolyzed copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with perfluorosulfur-containing vinyl ether (EW = 900-1300), which has a degree of crystallinity of 2-8%. The porous electrode material layers are produced with porosity 40-70%, that decreases in the direction of cation exchange membrane surface with gradient of porosity of 5-15 %/1 microns.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of an MEA comprising applying a mixture of electrocatalyst and electroconducting inactive material with fluor-containing polymeric binder to both surfaces of cation exchange membrane. A mixture of electrocatalyst, electroconducting inactive material, and 1-5% solution of cation exchange fluorcopolymer identical to fluorcopolymer which cationic exchange membrane is produced of in organic solvents mixture is applied. Heat-treating is carried out with multi-stage increase of the temperature at 20-35 degrees C to 80-100 degrees C.
NOVELTY - One of the electrodes of the fuel cell contains non-fibrous water repellent polymer in the gas diffusion layer.    USE - Used for solid and liquid type batteries using hydrogen, methanol or petroleum as fuels.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high discharge. The water repellent material has the right molecular weight and melt viscosity and structure to render the product with no uneven coating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel battery comprises a pair of electrodes having a hydrogen ion conducting electrolyte polymer film, a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer film, and a gas diffusion layer, and conductive separators containing gas circuits for supplying and discharging fuel gas to one of the electrodes and circuits for supplying and discharging oxidation gas to the other electrode. One of the electrodes contains non-fibrous water repellent polymer in the gas diffusion layer.
NOVELTY - Cell voltage monitor (2) for a fuel cell stack comprises a rectifier in series with a heating resistor, and a sensing thermistor electrically isolated from and in thermal communication with the heating resistor.    USE - The invention is used for monitoring the voltage of fuel cells in a fuel cell stack for detecting and preventing voltage reversal conditions in fuel cells. Fuel cells are used as power supplied in various applications, e.g. automobiles and stationary power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The device provides for voltage detection values and response times that allow for normal stack operation without falsely alarming of voltage reversal, while still providing adequate warning of voltage reversal in abnormal operation situations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for detecting a low voltage in fuel cell in a fuel cell stack, which comprises connecting a heating resistor and a rectifier in series across the fuel cell, where the polarity of the rectifier is such that the current is prevented from flowing through the rectifier when the fuel cell is in voltage reversal; positioning a sensing thermistor in thermal communication with and electrically isolated from the heating resistor such that the sensing thermistor is heated when current flows through the heating resistor; and obtaining a signal indicative of the resistance of the sensing thermistor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a solid polymer fuel cell stack in which each pair of cells is equipped with a thermistor-based voltage monitor.    Cell voltage monitor (2)
NOVELTY - Applying a coating comprising a metal or an alloy and one or more lithium-containing spinels on a substrate comprises applying the coating galvanically or by electrolessly plating from an aqueous solution of one or more soluble ionic compounds of the metal or alloy and a dispersion of the lithium-containing spinel(s) containing a tenside.    USE - Used for lithium batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The metallized surface is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) the production of an active cathode composition comprising forming a mixture of 55-75 wt.% of one or more lithium-containing spinels with 25-35 wt.% highly conductive carbon black and 5-10 wt.% of an organic binder, adding an aprotic polar solvent to form a paste, rolling the paste formed into a thin film of 300-500 microns thick, and drying for 20-24 hours at 50-70 degrees Celsius;    (b) the production of a thin layer composite cathode using the active cathode composition;    (c) the production of an active anode composition comprising forming a mixture of 90-95 wt.% graphite and 5-10 wt.% of an organic binder, adding an aprotic polar solvent to form a paste, rolling the paste formed into a thin film of 300-500 microns thick, and drying for 20-24 hours at 50-70 degrees Celsius; and    (d) a device for carrying out the process comprising two rollers (13) arranged in a galvanizing station or a station for electrolessly plating (7) to convey the material (10) having an elliptical cross-section to rhythmically expand the material in the conveying direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device for carrying out the process.    Station for galvanizing or electrolessly plating (7)    Material (10)    Rollers (13)
NOVELTY - Gel-like electrolyte, used for a polymer battery, comprises a matrix polymer, a non aqueous solvent and a lithium inorganic salt.    USE - The gel-like electrolyte is used for the polymer battery and is suitably used for a non aqueous battery or particularly a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The gel-like electrolyte exhibits sufficient ion conductivity and superior gel properties. Manufacturing the gel-like electrolyte by the ultraviolet ray crosslinking method dramatically reduces a manufacturing time. The gel-like electrolyte has properties sufficiently used for the lithium ion battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gel-like electrolyte, used for a polymer battery, comprises a matrix polymer, a non aqueous solvent and a lithium inorganic salt.    The matrix polymer contains a chemically crosslinked product consisting of an N-vinyl amide-based compound of formula (I) and an alkylene oxide compound of formula (II) containing two radical polymeric functional groups.    R1 = H or alkyl;    R2 = H, alkyl, aryl, acyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl; may have alkylene oxide denaturation;    R3 = radical polymeric functional group of formula (III) or (IV);    R4, R5 = H or 1-5C alkyl;    n = integer of 1-50; and    R6, R7 = H or alkyl.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte comprises 20-200 micron thick electrolyte film having microporous structures, and an ion conductive liquid electrolyte. The electrolyte film contains at least more than 70 wt.% inorganic absorbent having not more than 40 micron particle size under dried condition. The ion conductive liquid electrolyte is present in 20-90 wt.%.    USE - For rechargeable cells.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive solid electrolyte has a good ionic conductivity by rendering a liquid electrolyte absorbed easily in the film. It has merits in the manufacturing process and the requirements of materials are simple. It has good capacity and stability. It provides easy assembly of the cell. The good properties of the film are maintained even after assembly of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for forming a lithium rechargeable cell by dispensing an inorganic absorbent having particle in a solution of a polymer binder and in 70/30-95/5 weight ratio based on the polymer binder, making the resulting mixture into a film, drying to form a microporous electrolyte film having porosity rate of 5-95%, arranging the resulting electrolyte film between a cathode and an anode, laminating and binding the resulting structure in the form of a cell, and subjecting the resulting cell to absorb an ion conductive liquid electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A polyanionic polymer chain is new.    USE - For use in a solid polymeric electrolyte useful in an electrochemical cell and in a lithium battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polyanionic polymer enhances the conductivity, and optimizes certain physical properties of the polymers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polyanionic polymer chain has a formula (I):    The L is a chain group comprises a determined number of repeating spacer groups and has the formula: L = (Z)n.    AL = repeat unit in the chain;    A = anionic group comprising a Group III element;    L = polymeric chain group chemically linked to A;    m = number of repeat units in the polymer;    q = charge of the anion;    M+ = cation or cationic group;    P = number of repeat groups;    b = repeat number of cations or cationic groups;    k = charge on the cation;    bk = pm;    Z = spacer group;    n = number of each spacer group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a method of forming the polyanionic chain polymer, comprising combining a weakly coordinating anionic group having the formula: MA; and a polymeric chain group having the formula: LB, where A is an anionic group comprising oxygen, a Group III element and a capping group Y, M is hydrogen ion, a cation or a cationic group, B is a reactive group capable of combining with M under conditions in which L binds to A, and the molecule MB is formed;    (B) a cross-linked polyanionic polymer prepared by forming chemical bonds between the polymeric chain groups; and    (C) a polyanionic polymeric network, comprising the above cross-linked polymer and formed by contacting the chain polymers with boron hydride under conditions where cross-linking between the chain occurs.
NOVELTY - An alkaline battery comprises a cathode (12); an anode (14); a separator (16); an alkaline electrolyte; and a hydrogen recombination catalyst (6) comprising a hydrogen oxidizing material, and an activating material comprising a first and a second activating component. The first and second activating components are each capable of homolytically cleaving hydrogen.    USE - As energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive alkaline battery effects reduced hydrogen gassing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of an alkaline electrochemical cell.    Hydrogen recombination catalyst (6)    Cathode (12)    Anode (14)    Separator (16)
NOVELTY - Claimed charge-transporting layer contains a combination of a charge-transporting polymer and low molecular charge-transporting compound. The molecular weight of the charge-transporting group in the polymer is higher than that in the charge-transporting compound.    USE - The charge-transporting layer is used for electrostatographic equipment, solar batteries and organic electronic devices including electro-luminescent displays.    ADVANTAGE - The layer has improved charge mobility, useful for devices utilizing electro-luminescence, and is low cost for such applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an organic electronic device having the charge-transporting layer.
NOVELTY - Pigment for color filter is prepared by salt milling of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based pigment.    USE - The pigment is used in color filter and coloring compositions. The red color filter is used in a liquid crystal display device or a solid image pick-up element.    ADVANTAGE - Applying salt milling in the presence of the coloring matter derivative to fine deposited pigment suppresses crystal growth of the diketopyrrolopyrrole-based pigment. The transparent pigment has fine primary particles. The filter has high transparency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pigment is obtained by:    (a) adding a solution formed by dissolving a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based pigment in concentrated sulfuric acid to water to deposit the pigment;    (b) kneading a mixture containing the deposited pigment, a coloring matter derivative, a water-soluble inorganic salt and a water-soluble organic solvent substantially dissolving no water-soluble inorganic salt; and    (c) removing the water-soluble inorganic salt and the water-soluble organic solvent from the mixture.
NOVELTY - The battery comprises wound/laminate electrodes having outer cladding of a polymeric material. The electrode group (1,2) comprises polymer electrolyte layer (3) interposed between positive electrode (1) comprising anode mix layer and negative plate (2) comprising negative mixture layer, on a collector. A transparent particulate material is contained in the electrode mixture of anode and/or negative plate.    USE - For portable electronic machines, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A high safety polymer electrolyte battery is obtained by the inclusion of transparent particulate material in the anode or negative plate mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of polymer electrolyte battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative plate (2)    Polymer electrolyte layer (3)
NOVELTY - The cell (10) for fuel cell, comprises an anode (12) and a cathode (13) arranged on respective main surfaces (12F,13F) of solid polymer film (11). Both anode and cathode comprises catalyst layers (12C,13C) respectively provided on supports (12A,12B). The angle between edge part of the catalyst support which is in contact with solid polymer film, is an obtuse angle.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the edge part of catalyst support which is in contact with solid polymer film forms an obtuse angle, the interlocking of the edge part during cell production is controlled. The cell voltage of fuel cell is not deteriorated, and the durability of fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Chamfer processing of edge part of catalyst support which is in contact with solid polymer film is carried out, so that the angle between solid polymer film and edge part of catalyst support is 100-160degrees (preferably, 100-175degrees).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell comprising the cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of fuel cell.    Cell (10)    Solid polymer film (11)    Anode (12)    Cathode (13)    Catalyst support (12B,13B)    Catalyst layer (12C,13C)    Main surfaces (12F,13F)
NOVELTY - The polyacene clay composite is manufactured by inserting thermosetting resin containing phenol-formaldehyde resin, between clay stratums.    USE - For protecting organic electrodes in lithium cells.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method is quick, and forms polyacene clay composite which protects electrodes from formation of lithium dendrite.
NOVELTY - New (amorphous silicon) solar cell comprises a base of a flexible polymer film which satisfies at least two of the following requirements: (1) water absorption is up to 2.0 %; (2) damp permeation is up to 10 g/m3.24hr and oxygen permeation is up to 30 cm3/m2.24hr.atm.    USE - The solar cell is used for solar-electric power generators.    ADVANTAGE - The new solar cells are in a thin film form, providing stable output.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte comprises a first component solvent comprises a sulfur solubility of at least 20 mM, a second component solvent having a sulfur solubility of less than 20 mM, a third component solvent having a high dielectric constant and a high viscosity and an electrolyte salt.    USE - For a lithium-sulfur battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive electrolyte improves the initial discharge capacity and cycle life characteristics of the lithium-sulfur battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a lithium-sulfur battery comprising:    (1) a negative electrode comprising a negative active material;    (2) the electrolyte as above; and    (3) a positive electrode comprising a positive active material.    The negative active material comprises lithium metal, lithium-containing alloy, a combination electrode of lithium/inactive sulfur, a compound that can reversibly intercalate a lithium ion, or a compound that can reversibly redoxidate with the lithium ion at a surface. The positive active material comprises sulfur-based material(s) from a sulfur element, Li2Sn (where n is at least 1), an organic sulfur compound and carbon-sulfur polymer ((C2Sx)n, where x is 2.5-50 and n is at least 2, or an electrically conductive material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph of specific discharge capacities of lithium-sulfur batteries.
NOVELTY - Solar cell unit comprises in order a back electrode (2), a photovoltaic layer (1), a front electrode (3), and a transparent top layer (4). Removable transparent polymer film(s) is formed on top of the layer (4).    USE - For generation of electricity (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - When using the solar cell unit, transparency of the polymer film present at the top of the unit is decreased by deposition of dirt and damage, during which the top polymer film is removed simply to expose underlying polymer film which is clean and undamaged. The removal process can be repeated as many times as there are removable transparent polymer films available. Labor intensive cleaning of the top layer is not required, and life span of the solar cell unit is extended. Reduction in the yield of solar cell unit is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for generation of electricity using solar cell unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the drawing of solar cell unit.    photovoltaic layer (1)    back electrode (2)    front electrode (3)    transparent top layer (4)
NOVELTY - A composite solid electrolyte containing lithium salts of sulfonimide, such as lithium salt of polyfluoro alkoxyl sulfonimide, lithium salt of polyphenoxyl sulfonimide, etc, is prepared through purifying reagent including pressing sodium wire in tetrahydrofuran, reflux for 3-4 hr and distilling, and preparing solid electrolyte including respectively dissolving PEO (or PEG) and the lithium salt in tetrahydrofuran by a certain mole ratio, mixing, stirring, reflux, and vacuum drying. It features excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities.
NOVELTY - A glass structure is formed by securing a rigid interlayer to a glass (30) such that the interlayer applies a compressive force to the glass.    USE - The method is used for the formation of glass structure, e.g. mirror facet. The glass structure is useful for forming heliostats, parabolic dishes, and trough concentrators, for use in collecting and reflecting thermal energy in a solar power system.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces glass structure which is robust yet lightweight and inexpensive to manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the glass structure.    Glass (30)    Composite structure (32)    Support (34)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell plate is made by molding a composition comprising unsaturated prepolymer resin including unsaturated polyester and/or vinyl ester resin, an unsaturated material copolymerizable with the resin and including a terminal ethylene group, an inorganic conductive filler, and an initiator.    USE - For making a fuel cell plate.    ADVANTAGE - The invention results in non-cracking compound, better hot strength out of the mold, lower production costs, shorter cycle times, better overall electrical conductivity, increased mechanical properties, and better rheological characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Making of a fuel cell plate having an intricate flow pattern involves mixing a composition comprising an unsaturated prepolymer resin including unsaturated polyester and/or vinyl ester resin, an unsaturated material copolymerizable with the resin and including a terminal ethylene group, an inorganic conductive filler to provide a bulk conductivity of at least 40S/cm to the fuel cell plate, and an initiator; and molding the composition to form the fuel cell plate having a pattern without machining the pattern.
NOVELTY - Cellular plastic sheet consisting of a plastic cap film which has many protrusions and a flat plastic back film which is bound to the bottom surface of the protrusions of the cap film to form many sealed cells is characterized in that 0.1-20 weight percent sintered dolomite having particle diameters of 1-100 mum, or composite ceramic powder of formula Ca mMg n(CO 3) o(OH) 2 pO q (m, n, o, p, q = arbitrary numbers; m plus n = o plus p plus q), is added to the plastic.    USE - The cellular sheets obtained can be used as packaging, cushioning, heat insulating, structural, and core materials.    ADVANTAGE - When the cellular plastic sheets invented are incinerated, the amounts of dioxins contained in the exhaust gases can be reduced as compared with conventional sheets.
NOVELTY - The base material (A) comprises bilayered non-woven fabric sheet comprising a dense layer and a coarse layer. The coarse layer is a plate layer (b) comprising nickel plating film on the fiber surface. The dense layer is a separator layer (a). The separator layer comprises polyolefin resin single component fiber and/or composite fiber. The non-woven fabric sheet is free of binder.    USE - For secondary batteries such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries used for mobile telephones, personal computers and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A light weight, thin shaped and high performance batteries are manufactured in large amounts using the base material. The batteries of complicated shapes are provided, and interlaminar peeling and floating up phenomenon of the battery are eliminated. The reduction of internal impedance of the battery is prevented. The battery has high discharge capacitance characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model-expanded view of the base material for secondary batteries.    Base material (A)    Separator layer (a)    Plate layer (b)
NOVELTY - A resin comprising compound with functional group is provided between surfaces of two lead alloy sheets and the lead alloy sheets are adhered to form a coupled sheet of sulfuric-acid resistance.    USE - Adhering lead alloy sheets used for connection part between cells, terminal sealing part and air-tight junction parts of lead battery used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The lead alloy sheets are adhered firmly such that the air-tight and fluid-tight adhered sheet having sulfuric acid resistance property, is provided.
NOVELTY - A hydrophilic macromolecular film consists of a resin composition comprising a hydrophilic macromolecule as its major constituent and has a thickness of 50 micrometers or less.    USE - The hydrophilic macromolecular film is used for the macromolecular solid electrolytic film used for an electrochemical device, including a battery, capacitor, sensor, electrochemical device, particularly, for a macromolecular solid electrolytic layer for a lithium polymer battery. The film deposition is applied to the hydrophilic macromolecular film (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrophilic macromolecular film has no pin holes, uniform film thickness, 50 micrometers or less, and superior quality. The liquid polymer battery has no electrolyte leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) The process where the hydrophilic macromolecular film is formed on the high peeling-treated surface of a high peeling-treated film base material. A covering layer consisting of a resin composition comprising an inorganic compound-blended thermoplastic resin as its major constituent is then laid on the surface of the hydrophilic macromolecular film consisting of a three-layer structure; and    (2) the use of the crosslinking hydrophilic macromolecular film as a solid electrolytic layer for a lithium polymer battery.
NOVELTY - Frame-like sealant (12) is provided to peripheral end face of the cooling plate. Separators (10,11) are equipped with the frame-like sealant provided with fluororubber coating film (14) for smoothening the peripheral end face.    USE - Cooling plate of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Penetration of phosphoric acid into cooling substrate is prevented reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Seal device;    (b) Cooling plate coating method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of cooling plate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separators (10,11)    Frame-like sealant (12)    Fluororubber coating film (14)
NOVELTY - A battery comprises a positive electrode (21), a negative electrode (22) and an electrolyte. The negative electrode has a collector layer (22b) consisting of foil including a metal which is not copper and does not form an alloy with lithium, or a copper foil covering the metal. The electrolyte contains a polymer compound synthesized by radical polymerization.    USE - Battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has improved characteristics. The collector layer material of the negative electrode can progress polymerization of the monomers smoothly even if the negative layer is adjacent. The content of unreacted monomers in the electrolyte can be extremely low. This prevents deterioration of battery characteristics because decomposition or reaction of the monomer is controlled even if charge and discharge are repeatedly conducted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a battery of the invention.    Positive electrode (21)    Negative electrode (22)    Collector layer (22b)
NOVELTY - Gel electrolyte (4) comprises a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, which is gelled by a matrix polymer. The electrolyte solution is obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent. The matrix polymer is a vinylidene fluoride copolymer into which structure(s) formed by esterifying a part or all of a carboxyl, a carboxylic acid or an acetic anhydride is introduced.    USE - For a non-aqueous electrolyte battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gel electrolyte has an improved ionic conductivity at low temperature. Thus, a low temperature characteristic, a cyclic characteristic and a load characteristic are improved. It provides a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, which maintains no leakage of liquid and a light and compact form, because an outer casing (6) can be made of a laminate film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery (1), comprising an anode (3), a cathode (2) and the above gel electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing show a schematic sectional view showing a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    non-aqueous electrolyte battery (1)    cathode (2)    anode (3)    gel electrolyte (4)    outer casing (6)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte for lithium ion battery is prepared from acrylate derivative and liquid lithium-ion electrolyte solution through thermochemical cross-linking reaction under the action of thermal trigger to form gel-state lithium-ion polymer used as the electrolyte. It can be used to make lithium ion battery. Its advantages include no change to leakage, corrosion and combustion, and simple preparation.
NOVELTY - The heat exchanger (6) is provided with a special board with antibacterial-fungicidal property to the upper side. The special board is made of porous material and has multiple holes.    USE - For air conditioner.    ADVANTAGE - Anti-microbe and antifungal effects are obtained by using the special board. Special board can be manufactured economically. Reproduction of bacterial or mold is prevented for long period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of indoor heat exchanger in air conditioner.    Heat exchanger (6)
NOVELTY - A high proton-conductivity electrolyte comprises a hydrocarbon group polymer with a super-strong acid group in polymer chain. The super-strong acid group is introduced such that the compound has an ion exchange capacity of 1.2 milli-equivalents/g or more.    USE - As electrolyte for fuel cells, for water or brine electrolysis cells, oxygen enricher apparatus, humidity sensors and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The degree of dissociation of proton is very high for the electrolyte, and sufficient proton conductivity is ensured by introducing an ultra-strong acid group as ion exchange compound. Ion exchange capacity is improved with maintenance of sufficient strength. When the electrolyte is used in a fuel cell, even in a damp environment, electricity generation is carried out stably. Non-humidifying, high temperature operation of a fuel cell, with miniaturization, and improvement of freezing-resistance and efficiency, is enabled. The electrolyte film is inexpensive. High electrical conductivity is expressed by the synergistic effect of the super-strong acid group and high ion-exchange capacity. The electrolyte has high industrial utility.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows graph showing relationship of ion-exchange capacity and electrical conductivity in low humidity region (RH = 50%) for an electrolyte film, in contrast with a graft film having different acid groups. (Drawing includes non-English language text)
NOVELTY - A heater (16) in an open cycle absorption dehumidification refrigeration system (11) utilizes exhaust heat from a solid polymer fuel cell (1) for regenerating the absorbent.    USE - Air conditioning systems.    ADVANTAGE - Enables arbitrary control of indoor humidity conditions by using an electrical heater in addition to the exhaust heat from fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the air conditioning system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solid polymer fuel cell (1)    Open cycle absorption dehumidification refrigeration system (11)    Heater (16)
NOVELTY - The battery element is provided between coverings (2,3), joined in the periphery. The covering is a composite laminate of a metal layer and a synthetic resin layer. A lead (21) is externally pulled out between the coverings. An insulating layer (20) isolates the lead and the exposed metal layer of the coverings. The insulating layer has a concave part (18) or a break (19).    USE - For non-aqueous secondary batteries like lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The coverings are so joined that the lead is held air-tightly. The lead is easily curved in the scheduled position.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of a battery.    Coverings (2,3)    Concave part (18)    Break (19)    Insulating layer (20)    Lead (21)
NOVELTY - A lower portion (16) of an electronic machine formed by resin is combined with its upper portion (14). A polymer battery (2000) is arranged within the inner surfaces (14B,16B) of the upper and lower portions.    USE - E.g. personal stereo using polymer battery unit (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size, cost and number of parts of the electronic machine, thereby providing small design.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polymer battery unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of electronic machine with polymer battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Upper portion (14)    Inner surfaces (14B,16B)    Lower portion (16)    Polymer battery (2000)
NOVELTY - An auxiliary thin plate wiring material (104) for electrical output is provided to back of a solar battery element (103) and electrically connected with internal thin plate wiring material (107) which is embedded on a support section (108) and below sealing resin (105). Then thermosetting of resin is performed.    USE - For manufacturing thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deformation of solar battery cell. Reduces non-electrical generation area. Weight of module is reduced and high strength is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film solar battery module manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of thin film solar battery module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar battery element (103)    Auxiliary thin plate wiring material (104)    Sealing resin (105)    Internal thin plate wiring material (107)    Support section (108)
NOVELTY - A bipolar current collector separator comprises a metal plate having flow channels and contact faces that come into contact with electrodes or collectors. A corrosion-resistant layer is disposed on each flow channel.    USE - Fuel cell e.g., on-vehicle fuel cell for an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The metal bipolar current collector separator is excellent in corrosion resistance. A fuel cell using the separator has high stability of electric generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fragment of a fuel cell using the separator.    Separator (51)    Anodized aluminum layer (61)    Conductive film (71)    Flow channel (81)
NOVELTY - The battery comprises an assembly of an anode, a counter electrode and a separator disposed between anode and counter electrode. The assembly is sandwiched between two outermost current collectors (12, 14) to form a package. A seal (16) is disposed between the two current collectors for sealing the package.    USE - For use as back-up or secondary power supply for electronic devices such as microelectronic application e.g. smart cards, keep-alive circuitry, or low power transponders, especially for portable or hand-held devices.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has thin profile and flexible structure, formed by current collectors. The seal functions to provide an airtight and water tight package while maintaining the current collectors in spaced-apart relationship.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of a battery having a thin profile and flexible structure.    Battery (10)    Current collectors (12, 14)    Seal (16)
NOVELTY - A water management system has a planar fuel cell with unit cells that are arranged in a plane such that each unit cell is separated from a neighboring unit cell by walls. Each unit cell has anode and cathode sides (12). The walls have aperture(s) to permit passage of a gas from one unit cell to a neighboring cell. The apertures have a hydrophobic portion that aids in water management of the cell.    USE - The water management system is used for fuel cells having solid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - The system reduces the problems with flooding and also enhances the flow of fuel gas to the anodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an exploded isometric view of a planar fuel cell.    Cathode sides (12)    Anode sides (14)    Unit cells (20)    Aperture wall (24)    Aperture (35)
NOVELTY - A method for preparing the polymer electrolyte product for a lithium polymer secondary polymer and a method for preparing the lithium polymer secondary polymer using the polymer electrolyte product are provided, to prevent the leakage of liquid electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The preparation method of a polymer electrolyte product comprises the steps of: dissolving poly(vinyl chloride) as a matrix polymer into a first solvent, adding a plasticizer with high boiling point, adding silica whose surface is coated with an organic material, and mixing them; coating the mixture onto a substrate uniformly and drying it to make a polymer electrolyte film that the first solvent is removed; dipping the polymer electrolyte film into a second solvent that the plasticizer with high b.p. is dissolved and the matrix polymer is not dissolved, to remove only the plasticizer, and thereby making a polymer film with many micropores; and dipping the polymer film into a liquid electrolyte containing lithium salts for allowing the liquid electrolyte to soak into the micropores, and thereby obtaining the polymer electrolyte product. Preferably the number mean molecular weight of poly(vinyl chloride) is 10,000-200,000; the particle size of silica is less than 1 micrometer; the organic material is silane; the first solvent is tetrahydrofuran; the plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate; and the second solvent is methanol or ethyl ether.
NOVELTY - Electrochemical cell includes negative terminal cover with hole or raised portion with notches to provide air ingress during coating of non-conductive material on the raised portion of the negative terminal.    USE - The electrochemical cell is used for flashlights.    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents the flow of electrical current between the electrochemical cell and another adjacent electrochemical cell aligned in an end-to-end configuration and positioned in the reverse direction relative to the other. It has a highly reliable cell reversal protection that is easy and inexpensive to manufacture and that reduces migration of the non-conductive material on the terminal of the electrochemical cell during manufacture without adding to the cost or complexity of the manufacturing process or the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical cell comprises a housing and two terminals at the housing ends. The second terminal (14) has flat and raised portions, the uppermost part is insulated, and a passageway at or radially inward of the raised portion to allow air ingress to the radial center of the second terminal when a flat structure is placed against the second terminal parallel to the flat portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the electrochemical cell.    Second terminal (14)    Notches (25)
NOVELTY - An air depolarized electrochemical cell is manufactured by laminating active and hydrophobic layers. The active layer comprises a catalytically active and binding materials. The hydrophobic layer comprises microporous membrane. A laminated air electrode combined with a separator, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte in a cell housing.    USE - The method is used for manufacture of air depolarized electrochemical cells, e.g. button air cell useful for electrical devices such as hearing aids.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces air electrodes having improved performance in high or low humidity conditions, without increasing performance variability or requiring additional manufacturing equipment, processes, or costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of an air depolarized electrochemical cell involves laminating active and hydrophobic layers with a sufficient force. The active layer has first and second sides, and comprises a catalytically active and binding materials. The hydrophobic layer comprises a microporous membrane having an air permeability of 50-800 seconds. A laminated air electrode with an air permeability of 5000-20000 seconds is produced. The air permeability is the time required for 2.5 cm3 of air under constant pressure of 12.2 inches of water to pass through a part of a sample 0.1 in2 in area. The air electrode is combined with a separator (13), a negative electrode (5), and an electrolyte in a cell housing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the air depolarized button cell.    Anode cup (3)    Negative electrode (5)    Separator (13)    Current collector screen (15)    Polytetrafluoroethylene layer (19)
NOVELTY - A polymer battery comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode have a power generating element each interposed through a gel polymer electrolyte.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer battery has superior discharge capacity and cyclic characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte is formed by hardening a pregel solution consisting of a polymer precursor containing at least one compound selected from a compound group of formula (I) and an electrolytic solution.    R1, R2 = H, alkyl, alkyl derivative, phenyl, phenyl derivative or halo.
NOVELTY - The temperature of sealing container in which a solar battery is laminated to form a solar panel is detected in time-dependent manner and detected result is stored in a memory. The cross-linking conditions of a resin in lamination process is monitored based on analysis of recorded temperature hysteresis. The cross-linking conditions are altered or a new setup is carried out depending on necessity.    USE - For solar panels.    ADVANTAGE - Since cross-linking conditions are monitored based on recorded temperature analysis result, and altered depending on necessity, lamination process is performed in laminater itself and hence cross-linking conditions of a sealing resin is managed economically.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram explaining the management method of cross-linking process in laminater for solar panels. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The closed-type lead storage battery has a lead alloy collector (1) fitted in a porous resin frame (2). A paste-like active material (4) is filled on both sides of a positive electrode board and is dried to form an active material covering (3). The covering and the frame are then joined.    USE - Lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has excellent discharge characteristics and cycle life, and is obtained at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the positive electrode board structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Collector (1)    Resin frame (2)    Active material covering (3)    Active material (4)
NOVELTY - Ion conductive resin, used for a solid electrolyte, comprises an ion conductive resin formed by polymerizing specified monomers.    USE - The ion conductive resin is used for the solid electrolyte and the ion conductive resin composition for the solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte is used for the battery. Examples of the battery include a fuel cell, secondary battery. The ion conductive resin, the resin composition, and the solid electrolyte are particularly used for a capacitor, a binder or an electrolyte for an electrode for a polymer battery using a lithium ion.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductive resin has superior ion conductivity and mechanical strength. The battery is of a small type and has lightweight, and exhibits high capacity, high energy density, and good cyclic characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ion conductive resin is formed by polymerizing monomer(s) selected from the group of monomers of formula (I).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) a solid electrolyte comprises the ion conductive resin of the claim or the ion conductive resin composition of the claim and an ionic compound; and (2) a battery that uses the solid electrolyte.    R1 = H, 10C or less-alkyl or alkyl fluoride; and    n = natural number of 20 or below.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte film is supported between fuel electrode and oxidizing electrode. The fuel cell generates electricity by electrochemical reaction of reactive gas and oxidizing agent gas. Heated generated by fuel gas is supplied to an apparatus. Water is supplied along water cooling path for cooling fuel cell.    USE - For automatic vending machine (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Power consumption is reduced and energy conservation is achieved. Pollution is reduced, and hence reduction in fuel cell operating cost is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for automatic vending machine.
NOVELTY - The protection sheet has an inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) formed on one side of a weather resistance base material (1). A printing layer (3) is formed on the vapor deposition film.    USE - For solar battery module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents penetration of moisture content, oxygen etc, thus excelling in protection capability property, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, hail resistance, chemical resistance, damp-proofing, stain repellent property, light-diffusion property, design property etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of back-side protection sheet.    Weather resistance base material (1)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    Printing layer (3)
NOVELTY - A phosphoric acid fuel cell is made by: (i) allowing matrix impregnated with liquid electrolyte to be placed between an anode and a cathode each having an electrode catalyst layer to give a stack; and (ii) pressing the stack to join matrix to anode and cathode. The liquid electrolyte is extruded to impregnate electrode catalyst layers when the matrix is joined to the anode and cathode.    USE - For producing a phosphoric acid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method produces a phosphoric acid fuel cell efficiently by eliminating the impregnation of respective electrode catalyst layers of both electrodes with a liquid electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a phosphoric acid fuel cell comprises:    (a) impregnating a matrix with a liquid electrolyte;    (b) allowing the impregnated matrix to be interposed between an anode (14) and a cathode (16) each having an electrode catalyst layer (12) to provide a stack; and    (c) joining the matrix to the anode and cathode by pressing the stack to provide an electrolyte electrode assembly.    The liquid electrolyte, with which the matrix is impregnated, is extruded to impregnate the electrode catalyst layers when the matrix is joined to the anode and cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode provided for the phosphoric acid fuel cell.    Electrode catalyst layer (12)    Anode (14)    Cathode (16)
NOVELTY - A phosphoric acid fuel cell with an electrolyte layer (16), between an anode (12) and a cathode (14), having a matrix comprising basic polymer impregnated with acidic liquid electrolyte is operated by supplying hydrogen-containing and oxygen-containing gases to anode and cathode, respectively, and operating the cell in a state in which pressure on the cathode is higher than the anode.    USE - Operating a phosphoric acid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Allows improved energy conversion ratio of the phosphoric acid fuel cell allowing the phosphoric acid fuel cell to generate the power at a high output.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates an arrangement of a power-generating cell provided for a phosphoric acid fuel cell.    Anode (12)    Cathode (14)    Electrolyte layer (16)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode is obtained by adhering an electrode material consisting of hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and binding agent composed of polymeric material to a current collector. An aqueous polymeric material except fluorocarbon resin is applied to the hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode to form a coating layer.    USE - Used as negative electrode (2) in alkaline storage battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode is improved to prevent dropping of hydrogen absorbing alloy powder from the hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode, to improve output characteristics and charge/discharge cycle performance of the alkaline storage battery, and to prevent a rise in internal pressure of the battery during overcharging.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode is obtained by adhering an electrode material consisting of hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and a binding agent composed of a polymeric material to a current collector. An aqueous polymeric material except fluorocarbon resin is applied to the hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode to form a coating layer. A polymeric material in the coating layer is different from the polymeric material in the binding agent.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of fabricating a hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode comprising:    (a) adhering an electrode material consisting of hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and a binding agent composed of a polymeric material to a current collector;    (b) applying emulsion or latex of an aqueous polymeric material which is not fluorocarbon resin and is different from the polymeric material in the binding agent; and    (c) forming a coating layer by drying the emulsion or latex.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic sectional view showing the internal construction of each of alkaline storage batteries.    Negative electrode (2)
NOVELTY - Production of a battery cell comprises preparing components (20, 30) of a battery cell consisting of a separator between the anode and cathode, a cathode grating and an anode grating, and applying an isostatic pressure to the components of the cell.    USE - Used in the production of lithium-polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The components of the cell can be laminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably the isostatic pressure is applied whilst the components of the battery are enclosed in an isostatic hot press (27). The components are heated before the pressure is applied. The components contain a binder which softens when heated. The battery cell is a flat prismatic cell. Before the pressure is applied, the anode and cathode can be spirally wound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the cell production steps.    Components of cell (20, 30)    Isostatic hot press (27)
NOVELTY - Use of solar energy for transformation into heat, utilizes a loose material as a heat-carrying substance.    USE - In heating of residential houses and industrial objects, and in the production of energy.    ADVANTAGE - The invention implies that even with the existing prices of energy, it is possible to find a solar source, which has a chance of mass spread, and the price of which can compete with the existing classical thermal or nuclear energy. It produces relatively cheap, competitive solar energy systems with high efficiency comparable to economic parameters. It is an effective system with relatively low operational and acquisition costs, which allows accumulation of energy in both short and long term. Since it is possible to use generally available construction materials. The appliances do not burden the environment, but to the contrary, they can better use the areas, which are already built up and serve to other purposes, e.g. walls or roofs of buildings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an appliance for utilizing solar energy, comprises collectors (1) for the heat-carrying substance. One end of the collectors is furnished with a feed opening for the heat-carrying substance, and the other end is furnished with an exit port with a shut-off valve (5), after which a heat exchanger (10) and a container (11) for the heat-carrying substance are located.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the appliance.    Collectors (1)    Shut-off valve (5)    Heat exchanger (10)    Container (11)
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode active material, an anode active material, a polymer electrolyte, and an organic electrolyte solution dissolving a lithium salt. The polymer electrolyte is constructed in the form of superfine fibers having a diameter of 1-3000 nm.    USE - The battery is used for electronic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has good adhesion with electrodes, mechanical strength, low- and high-temperature characteristics, and compatibility with an organic electrolyte solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for fabricating a lithium secondary battery comprising inserting a polymer electrolyte prepared by an electrospinning between a cathode and an anode, inserting the resulting plates into a battery casing after laminating or rolling them, injecting an organic electrolyte solution into the battery casing, and sealing the battery casing.
NOVELTY - A hybrid polymer electrolyte comprises a superfine fibrous porous polymer matrix with a diameter of 1-3000 nm, and an organic electrolyte solution dissolving a polymer and a lithium salt incorporated into the polymer matrix.    USE - The electrolyte is used for a lithium secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has good adhesion with electrodes, good mechanical strength, good low- and high-temperature characteristics, and good compatibility with an organic electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery. The lithium secondary battery using the inventive polymer electrolyte has a simple fabrication process, advantage in scaling-up of the battery size, and superiority in energy density, cycle characteristics, low- and high-temperature characteristics, high rate discharge characteristics and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a method of fabricating a hybrid polymer electrolyte comprising: obtaining a polymeric solution by dissolving a polymer or a polymeric mixture in an organic solvent; generating a porous polymeric matrix by filling the polymer solution into the barrel of an electrospinning apparatus and discharging the polymeric solution into a substrate including a metal plate, a Mylar film and electrodes with a nozzle charged with a high voltage; and injecting a polymer electrolyte solution comprising a polymer and an organic electrolyte solution into the porous polymer matrix; and    (B) a method for fabricating a lithium secondary battery comprising inserting the inventive hybrid polymer electrolyte between a cathode and an anode, inserting the resulting plates into a battery casing after laminating or rolling them, injecting an organic electrolyte solution into the battery casing, and sealing the battery casing.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack that includes power-generating cells, each having an electrolyte electrode assembly. The electrolyte electrode assembly includes an electrolyte interposed between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode.    USE - The fuel cell system is used for generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature in the fuel cell system can be set to be relatively high when the cooling medium which has been used to cool the power-generating cells is introduced into the heat exchanger. Efficient operation of the heat exchange is then performed by the aid of the heat exchanger. Thus, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the heat exchange device and the entire heat exchanger can be effectively miniaturized. Also, it is possible to easily improve the durability of the heat exchanger even when the fuel cell system is operated to generate the high output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises: (a) a fuel cell stack (10) provided with stacked power-generating cells (14), each having an electrolyte electrode assembly being interposed between separators and including an electrolyte interposed between anode and cathode electrodes; (b) a cooling medium-circulating passage (58) for supplying a cooling medium to the fuel cell stack to cool the power-generating cells; and (c) a heat exchanger (60) for cooling the cooling medium having been used to cool the power-generating cells, at the outside of the fuel cell stack. The operation temperature of the fuel cell stack is set at 100-210 degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic arrangement of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (10)    Stacked power-generating cells (14)    Cooling medium-circulating passage (58)    Heat exchanger (60)    Radiator (64)    Fan (66)
NOVELTY - Provided is a polymer material for a non-aqueous secondary cell, which is excellent in compatibility with organic solvents, impregnation property into organic electrolyte, ionic conductivity, and mechanical property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer material is produced by a process comprising the steps of: neutralizing methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers having a repeat unit represented by the formula 2 with alkali metal hydroxide water solution to obtain methyl methacrylate-alkali metal methacrylate copolymer ionomers having a repeat unit represented by the formula 1; dissolving the copolymer ionomers and a vinylidene fluoride polymer in the weight ratio of 1:99-99:1 in a cosolvent and adding an organic solvent as a plasticizer to obtain a homogeneous solution; casting the homogeneous solution and volatilizing the cosolvent to obtain a polymer film; extracting the plasticizer by impregnating the polymer film with a low alcohol to obtain a porous polymer film. In the formula, x is 0.01-0.99 and M is Li, Na, or K.
NOVELTY - A process for preparing a polymer electrolyte composition capable of obtaining high ion conductivity and having excellent mechanical physical properties by blending an acrylate-based polymer and an acrylate-based ionomer with polyvinyl chloride and impregnating a polymer matrix having a porous structure with a liquid electrolyte is provided. Thereby, the composition can be effectively used as material of polymer electrolyte for lithium secondary battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composition blended with polyvinyl chloride/acrylate-based polymer/acrylate-based ionomer is obtained by impregnating polyvinyl chloride, an acrylate-based polymer and an acrylate-based ionomer with a liquid electrolyte comprising a cosolvent and lithium salts in a ratio of 8 : 1 : 1 to 5 : 2 : 3. The polyvinyl chloride has an average molecular weight of 70,000 to 300,000.
NOVELTY - A novel solution type adhesive composition (P1) contains a certain thermoplastic elastomer (A) and a certain coupling agent (B).    USE - (P1) is suitable for manufacture of (P2) that is suitably used for manufacture of soft pack type small size polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - (P1) is excellent in adhesion to both of metals like Ni, Al, and Cu and polyolefin type plastics and resistance to electrolytes. Therefore, (P1) is suitable for bonding members of polymer batteries. (P2) is suitable for assembling polymer batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also claimed is as an independent claim an adherent member (P2) that has an adhesive layer formed from (P1) on the surface of a member (C).
NOVELTY - An outer cladding film and an electrode assembly are provided between upper and lower presses (10,20). A support (41) which acts as fulcrum, holds the lower press inclinably. A controller (40) regulates inclination range of the lower press.    USE - For attaching outer cladding film with electrode assembly of battery in portable electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - Since the support is regulated by controller, inclination of the lower press is changed depending on the pressing condition of the upper press, by which uniform pressing is enabled and hence the film and electrode assembly attachment, is precisely performed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the pressing apparatus.    Upper and lower presses (10,20)    Controller (40)    Support (41)
NOVELTY - The air battery utilizes oxygen in air as positive electrode active material, and has negative metal plate active material (22). The surface of the negative metal plate is coated with a perforated panel (current collector board) filled with ion exchange resin (21).    USE - As air zinc cell (10) used as secondary battery, for charging purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The electric capacitance and discharge output density does not reduce sharply. Hence the air battery can be efficiently used as a secondary battery. Charging can be performed easily, even after repeated charging and discharging process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of entire structure of the air battery.    Air zinc cell (10)    Perforated panel filled with ion exchange resin (21)    Negative plate active material (22)
NOVELTY - Solar battery module has primer and glare-proof layers (40,10) sequentially formed on the top surface of transparent substrate (1). Glare-proof layer includes organic and inorganic particles (30) and a binder (20) containing acrylic resin. Photo semiconductor layer (3), resin and cover layers (6,7) are formed sequentially on rear surface of transparent substrate.    USE - Solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - By the provision of glare-proof layer and primer layer formed sequentially on the top surface of transparent substrate, problems due to air pollution are overcome and the waterproof property is improved. Effective utilization of solar light is enabled and design property is improved. Degradation of inorganic particles is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery module.    Transparent substrate (1)    Photo semiconductor layer (3)    Resin and cover layers (6,7)    Glare-proof and primer layers (10,40)    Binder (20)    Inorganic particles (30)
NOVELTY - The back-side protection sheet (A) has an inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) provided to one surface of a base film (1). Polyolefin type resin layer (3) and cyclic polyolefin type resin layer (4) are provided on one surface of the inorganic oxide film by co-extrusion of polyolefin type resin and cyclic polyolefin type resin.    USE - For solar battery modules (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inorganic oxide vapor deposition film has excellent water vapor barrier property and oxygen barrier property. The back-side protection sheet excels in weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, wind pressure resistance, light resistance, hail resistance, light reflection property, light diffusion property, design property and stain resistance. The sheet has damp proof property which prevents penetration of moisture and oxygen. Long term degradation is restrained to a minimum extent. The safe battery module is manufactured stably and inexpensively using the back-side protection sheet. The back-side protection sheet has excellent protection capability, strength and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module which comprises a surface protection sheet, filler layer, solar battery element as photovoltaic cell and a back-side protection sheet. Vacuum attraction of surface protection sheet, filler layer, solar battery element and back-side protection sheet is carried out to form a integrated compact by heat crimping lamination process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows rough sectional drawing showing the outline of back-side protection sheet laminate.    Base film (1)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    Polyethylene group resin layer (3)    Cyclic polyolefin type resin layer (4)    Co-extrusion resin layer (5)    Back-side protection sheet (A)
NOVELTY - An ultraphobic substrate has a total scattered light loss of at most7 (at most1)% and a contact angle with water at least140 (especially at least150)degrees.    USE - Claimed uses are as (a) transparent screens (eg windows) or cover layers for such screens (especially of glass or plastics) for use in solar cells, vehicles aircraft or houses; and (b) non-transparent external elements for buildings, vehicles or aircraft.    ADVANTAGE - Substrates are provided which combine low light scattering with ultraphobicity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also included is an INDEPENDENT CLAIM for identification of process conditions and production of suitable surfaces comprising:    (a) determining the refractive index of the individual coating layers for a number of substrates which have been selected with respect to the thickness and sequence of the coating layers;    (b) calculating the total scattered light loss for various surface topographies and selecting those with a loss of at most7 (especially at most1)%;    (c) selecting the topographies for ultraphobic properties using the expression Slog(f) = a(f).f such that the integral of the function Slog(f) is at least0.3 between the limits log(f1/mum1) = -3 and log(f2/mum1) = 3 (PCT/99/10322 (WO0039240);    (d) ensuring that the coating process is such that conditions (b) and (c) are fulfilled in series or (especially) parallel;    (e) determining the total scattering loss and the contact angle; and    (f) identifying the cases in which the contact angle at least140 (especially at least150)degrees and the total scattered light loss at most7 (at most1)%.
NOVELTY - Electrically conductive plate in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a resin selected from a thermoplastic type, fluorinated resin type, thermosetting resin type and liquid crystalline type resins and carbon nano-tubular fibers in amount 10-85 wt. % having average diameter 1 nm-300 nm.    USE - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The bipolar plate has improved electrically conductivity while maintaining mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and low manufacturing cost, good mechanical strength and impermeability to hydrogen and air in fuel cell operating conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon nano-tubular fibers comprise multiwalled graphitic tubes containing multiple coaxial cylinders of increasing diameters, the cylinders being separated from one another by about 0.34 nm. Alternatively, the nano-tubular fibers comprise single walled graphitic tubes bundled together in the form of a rope.    The conductive plate is a bipolar plate.
NOVELTY - Providing low temperature molten salts that are compatible with lithium metal which can be used as electrolytes in rechargeable lithium or lithium-ion batteries.    USE - Used in electrochemical cells, batteries, capacitors, and photoelectrochemical cells, as well as in electroplating, electrorefining, catalysis and synthesis.    ADVANTAGE - Have high stability towards oxidation and a high stability toward lithium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte comprising a non-hydrophobic pyrazolium cation-containing molten salt and at least one non-Lewis acid counter ion comprising BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, and/or CF3SO3-.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an electrochemical ell comprising a non-hydrophobic pyrazole or pyrazolium cation-containing molten salt, the electrolyte exhibiting an oxidation limit of greater than about 5V vs. lithium, and a thermal stability of upto at least 300 degreesC; and    (2) an electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte comprising a non-hydrophobic pyrazolium cation-containing molten salt, the pyrazolium cation having formula (I);    R1, R2 = 1-12C alkyl;    R3, R4, R5 = H, F, CH3, 1-5C alkyl; and    X- = counter ion selected from anion-Lewis acid counter anion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic of the test cell used to test the electrolytes.
NOVELTY - The polymer type battery or capacitor is provided with an isolation layer (3) which isolates a negative plate (2) and a positive electrode (1). The electrodes comprise electrode active material and a polymer as main components. A marking (41,42,43) for degradation judging is provided on at least one of the electrodes and isolation layer.    USE - As polymer type battery or capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The marking for degradation judging enables to judge degree of degradation in the middle of production. The battery or capacitor has high quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Capacitor manufacturing method;    (b) Degradation degree testing method of capacitor    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of battery internal structure.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative plate (2)    Isolation layer (3)    Marking (41,42,43)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer fuel cell stack has packing (10) and alternatively laminated membrane electrode composite (9), separator (6). A base groove (5) is provided to at least one sealing portion configured in both sides of separator. A convex-shaped portion of the packing is configured inside the groove. Offset surface of packing is made into a schematic right-angled flat surface to the stack lamination direction.    USE - For fluid sealing.    ADVANTAGE - The packing structure has sufficient sealing performance and can sufficiently absorb the variation in thickness of a component. Generation of electricity is thus stabilized. Failures such as short circuiting of the solid polymer fuel cell stack is prevented. The fuel cell stack has excellent performance and can be manufactured economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composite comprises a solid polymer film (7) clamped by fuel electrode (8a) and oxidizing electrode (8b). The separator has gas passageways (4a,4b) for supplying reactive gas so that the gas reacts with the moisture content. At least one portion of the packing contacts the opposing surface of the separator directly or through a polymer film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of a solid polymer fuel cell stack in the direction of lamination. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode composite (9)    Separator (6)    Solid polymer film (7)    Fuel electrode (8a)    Oxidizing electrode (8b)    Packing (10)
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric-electrolyte solution is mixed with solution containing carbon black supported platinum dispersed in organic solvent. The solid-polymeric-electrolyte layer is precipitated on carbon black surface, and solid polymeric-electrolyte type electrode is manufactured.    USE - Used in solid-polymeric-electrolyte-type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid-polymeric-electrolyte-type fuel cell enables manufacture of electrode in mass. The electrode manufactured has excellent voltage characteristics and favorable polarization characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid polymeric electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - The polymer lithium secondary battery is equipped with positive electrode, negative plate active material and organic electrolyte containing polymer gel which performs charging and discharging repeatedly. The battery has a reset-type switch which interrupts conduction of battery when the battery temperature exceeds 60degreesC, or during overcharge or short-circuit.    USE - As power supply for electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has reset-type switch which interrupts conduction of battery when the battery temperature exceeds 60degreesC, or during overcharge or short-circuit. Therefore, the ignition of battery is prevented. The reliability of the battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the polymer lithium secondary battery.    Reset-type shape memory alloy (A3)
NOVELTY - Negative plate (4) is provided inside a hollow anode plate (2) accommodated in an anode jar (1). A mixture clamp ring (20) has surface (20a) contacted to upper portion internal circumference surface of the anode plate. A protrusion (1a) is provided to the anode jar at upper portion outer circumferential surface side of the mixture clamp ring.    USE - Bobbin form non-aqueous electrolytic battery.    ADVANTAGE - Distance between the anode plate and the negative plate, can be maintained narrow, thereby increase in internal resistance is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional diagram of the bobbin form non-aqueous electrolytic battery.    Anode jar (1)    Protrusion (1a)    Anode plate (2)    Negative plate (4)    Cramp ring (20)    Cramp ring surface (20a)
NOVELTY - The injection and exhaust port (9) is formed in the package inner wall opposing end face (4) of the wound electrode group in the package. The injection and exhaust port injects electrolyte into the package and exhausts the gas from the package.    USE - For portable devices such as mobile telephone, PHS and personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - As the injection and exhaust port is arranged opposing the end face of the wound electrode group, the electrolyte is injected directly on the electrode end face. Thus substitution of the electrolyte and the gas is performed quickly and reliably. Enhances productivity and electrical property of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polymer electrolyte battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic top view of the polymer electrolyte battery.    Electrode end face (4)    Injection exhaust port (9)
NOVELTY - The thickness measuring apparatus of polymer electrolyte layer which is arranged opposing the positive electrode and negative plate, has a thickness detection unit to optically detect thickness of the polymer electrolyte layer.    USE - For measuring thickness of polymer electrolyte layer used in non-aqueous electrolyte battery which is used as power supply of camcorder, mobile telephone and portable computer.    ADVANTAGE - Thickness of the polymer electrolyte layer is detected continuously and accurately in a non-contacting manner since thickness is detected optically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A measurement area detection unit detects the area of the layer where thickness is to be measured, and thickness measurement meter measures the thickness, based on detection result.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thickness measuring method of polymer electrolyte layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the thickness measuring system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sensor head part (1, 2)    Sensor amp part (3, 4)    I/F part (10, 20)    Data processing part (30)
NOVELTY - A conductive polymer of specified formula is new.    USE - For a photocell, especially a solar cell or an optical detector.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive polymer can be easily synthesized and has a photovoltaic effect in wide wavelength range and small band gap. A solar cell using the conductive polymer has improved short current, compared with the conventional polymeric solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A conductive polymer of formula (I) is new.    R1-R3 = H, optionally substituted 1-18C alkyl, optionally substituted 1-18C alkoxy, optionally substituted aromatic, cyano or hydroxyl;    X = S, O, Se or -N(R4)-;    R4 = H or optionally substituted 1-18C alkyl;    n = 5-1000.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photocell which contains:    (a) a transparent electrode;    (b) a conductive polymer layer comprising a conductive polymer of formula (I); and    (c) a back electrode.
NOVELTY - A metal electrode is formed on the surface of a polyimide film having a coefficient of thermal expansion of -10 to 10 ppm/degree degreesC and a Young's modulus of 700 kg/mm2 or more. An amorphous silicon layer is formed on the metal electrode. A transparent electrode is formed on the amorphous silicon layer.    USE - The method efficiently produces the substrate for use in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has flexibility and is capable of bending. No crack is observed in producing or handling the substrate. The results exhibit superior handling, and invite no distortion in a substrate base, no curling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyimide film consists of a polyimide having structural units of formula (I) and formula (II).    R1, R2 = selected from group of formula (3);    R3 = 6C or more-aromatic group;    mol ratio of X:Y = 100-20:0-80.
NOVELTY - A solid or gel electrolyte, which is prepared by polymerization reaction, contains carboxylic acid, alkali metal carboxylate, and alkaline-earth metal carboxylate.    USE - As an electrolyte for batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The incorporation of the carboxylic acid, alkali metal carboxylate, and alkaline-earth metal carboxylate in the electrolyte allows the polymerization of monomers (during electrolyte preparation) to be smoothly processed even under existence of copper. As a result, excellent quality of electrolyte with little amount of remained monomers can be obtained. Thus, decomposition and reaction of monomers are suppressed even after repeated charging/discharging of the battery, and deterioration in the charging/discharging efficiency can be prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte containing the inventive solid or gel electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The graphite article (100) comprises a flexible graphite sheet having planar major faces (101,103), and exfoliated graphite particles (50,500,5000) in the sheet. The graphite sheet has high electrical, thermal conductivities in a direction transverse to planar surfaces of the graphite sheet. The graphite sheet comprises optically detectable portion having un-aligned interlocked expanded graphite particles.    USE - Useful as component for electrochemical fuel cells, gaskets, and heat conducting and heat resistant articles.    ADVANTAGE - The graphite sheet which excels in flexibility, strength and orientation degree is manufactured easily and continuously. The graphite sheet material exhibits enhanced isotropy with increased thermal and electrical conductivities. The resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheet excels in corrosion resistance, heat resistance and water resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The graphite sheet has high electrical and thermal conductivities in a direction transverse to opposed planar surfaces, when compared to a graphite sheet of same thickness and density which does not have optically detectable portion. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheet continuous production apparatus;    (b) Surface patterned, resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheet continuous production system; and    (c) Resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheet continuous production method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows planar part of flexible graphite having portions of un-aligned graphite particles.    Graphite article (100)    Planar major faces (101,103)    Exfoliated graphite particles (50,500,5000)
NOVELTY - A solid or semi-solid state polymer electrolyte composite, comprises an electrically insulating length of non-woven glass fiber net (15) which has been coated with and is embedded in an ionically conductive solid or semi-solid state matrix. The non-woven net includes a polyvinyl alcohol binder.    USE - For alkali metal-ion electrochemical devices, e.g. batteries (10) and capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The composite electrolytes are flexible, tough, easy to handle, yet lightweight, mechanically strong, and resist shorting under pressure. They are highly stable at elevated temperatures, and allow rapid processing and low cost mass production. They are inert to the component materials used in various electrochemical devices and have excellent adherence and low shrinkage properties. The devices that use the electrolytes have greater life cycles and capacity retention. The electrically insulating component does not curl, resists shrinkage, and does not absorb moisture. It can be dip coated, or coated by other means, or pressed under heat into a polymer electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagrammatic view of an electrochemical device.    Battery (10)    Glass fiber net (15)
NOVELTY - Battery sealed in an outer cladding (7), is charged, with initial gas evolution, till a predetermined cell voltage (more than 3.7V) is generated, followed by aging at 90-100degreesC, for 0.5-3 hours. Then, second charging for stabilizing gas generation and battery characteristics, is performed, with aging at 60-70degreesC. Part of the outer cladding is opened to eject accumulated gas, then resealed.    USE - For lithium polymer battery having favorable battery characteristics.    ADVANTAGE - The thickness of the lithium polymer battery can be controlled easily, and excellent battery characteristics are imparted. A stable manufacture of lithium polymer battery, comprising a most suitable gel as non-aqueous electrolyte, is offered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bag-like outer cladding comprising a laminate of a metallic foil between resin films, seals an electricity generating element (4) consisting of a sheet-like positive electrode board, a film of polymer separator and a negative electrode plate. A non-aqueous electrolyte is also dispersed in the electricity generating element. Positive and negative electrode leads (5,6) are extracted externally, from sealed outer cladding, to form terminals (8,9).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of lithium polymer battery.    Electricity generating element (4)    Positive electrode lead (5)    Negative electrode lead (6)    Outer cladding (7)    Output terminals (8,9)    Insulating protective film (10,11)    Outer cladding heat-welded part (P1,P2)    Outer cladding bent part (T)
NOVELTY - A reinforcement ring (30) is mounted between an outer cover (10) and power generation element (20).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures favorable battery property, since problem of short circuit and failure are eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded isometric view of the polymer battery.    Outer cover (10)    Power generation element (20)    Reinforcement ring (30)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprises an outer cladding component (3) to accommodate positive electrode having positive electrode active material, negative plate and non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium salt. The positive electrode active material comprises complex oxide containing lithium.    USE - Portable machines.    ADVANTAGE - The battery excels in cycle characteristics. The deformation and bursting of the outer cladding component is suppressed since amount of gas evacuated from the battery is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive electrode active material comprises complex oxide containing lithium of composition (I) and alumina addition agent of composition (II).    LiCo1-xMxO2 (I)    y Al2O3 (II)    M is transition metal element and elements from groups IIA, IIIB, IVB and VB (excluding aluminum);    x = 0-0.05, particularly 0.00001-0.05; and    y is 0-0.05, particularly 0.0001-0.05.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front elevation of non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    Outer cladding component (3)
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous polymer battery is equipped with an electrode which has a porous ionic conductive agent containing a conductive support agent and a battery active material.    USE - Used as power supply for electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous polymer battery has fine discharge property at high and low temperatures and self-discharging of battery is less, compared with conventional non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery has excellent long-term charging characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of non-aqueous polymer battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a non-aqueous polymer battery.
NOVELTY - Ionic conduction film is a combination of a fiber assembly and an ionic conduction resin (IC) comprising an aromatic monomer (I), an ionic conduction monomer (II), a high volume monomer (III) and a cross-linking agent (IV), in a film form.    USE - Ionic conduction film is used for solid polymeric fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conduction film has excellent methanol exclusion property, heat resistance, ionic conductivity, film strength and physical properties. The ionic conduction film forms fuel cells having high electricity generation efficiency, inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of ionic conduction film. A fiber assembly is impregnated in a pick-up range of 20-520% with respect to vinyl monomer solution comprising hydrophobic polymerization phase and hydrophilic phase. The hydrophobic phase contains 5-80 weight% (wt.%) of (I), 0.1-50 wt.% of (III), 0.02-30 wt.% of (IV), 0.01-20 wt.% of hydrophobic polymerization initiator and 1-85 wt.% of an organic solvent. The hydrophilic phase contains 3-90 wt.% of (II), 0.03-25 wt.% of a hydrophilic polymerization initiator and 6-95 wt.% of water.
NOVELTY - An inner molded structure (11) is shaped in such a way that connection of conductor (2a) of branch cable (2) and conductor (1a) of trunk line cable (1) is covered. An exterior molded section is shaped to cover the inner mold section.    USE - For cross-linked polyethylene insulation vinyl sheet cable used for solar system in residential buildings or business places.    ADVANTAGE - Waterproof capability is improved as two mold sections are provided one over another to cover the connection portion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for cable branch connection formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a horizontal sectional view of the molded structure.    Trunk line cable (1)    Conductor (1a)    Branch cable (2)    Conductor (2a)    Inner molded structure (11)
NOVELTY - Photolithography is used to form a number of converters (A) on a semiconductor wafer. The semiconductor layers in the converter comprise Group III-V elements.    USE - For converting light carried by optical fibers and originating from a laser, in order to generate electrical energy for use in hazardous environments, e.g. for powering sensors and electronics in applications such as mines, high voltage equipment, the (petro)chemical industry, nuclear installations, aircraft, rockets, satellites or biomedical applications (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Photovoltaic electricity is generated efficiently at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high efficiency photovoltaic converter for high intensity light is made using optoelectronic technology. The semiconductor layers in the converter comprise Group III-V elements and photolithography is used to form a number of photovoltaic converters on a semiconductor wafer, as well as to form the front mesh for each of these layers. The size of the converter is in the magnitude of 0.1-1 x 10 power -1 mm2. Converters are separated from the wafer by sawing, point cutting, cleavage or other techniques.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a photovoltaic converter comprising several semiconductor layers.    Medium with given refraction index (1)    Anti-reflection layers (2)    Photoactive semiconductor layers (3-5)    Photovoltaic converter (A)    Beam of light (B)    Substrate (n)
NOVELTY - A graphite article comprises a flexible sheet of graphite having opposed planar major surfaces. The graphite sheet is made of particles of exfoliated graphite. An optically detectable portion of the interlocked particles of expanded graphite is unaligned with the opposed planar surface.    USE - For use in electrochemical fuel cells, gaskets, and heat conducting and heat resistant articles.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive graphite article exhibits an enhanced isotropy with respect to thermal and electrical conductivity and fluid diffusion. It has decreased electrical resistivity and increased thermal conductivity in a direction transverse to the opposed planar major surfaces of the graphite sheet, and increased resistance to fluid flow.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) an apparatus for the continuous production of resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheet, and (B) a method for the continuous production of resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheet. The apparatus comprises a reactor vessel for containing reactant graphite particles and liquid intercalant solution, an expansion chamber that expands the intercalated graphite particles to form exfoliated graphite particles, a compression station for compressing the exfoliated particles into a coherent self-supporting mat of flexible graphite, an impregnation chamber for impregnating the mat with liquid resin, and a calender mill. The method comprises reacting raw natural graphite flake-like particles with liquid intercalant solution to form intercalated graphite particles. The intercalated graphite particles are exposed to at least700degreesC to expand the particles to form a stream of exfoliated graphite particles. The stream of exfoliated graphite particles is compressed into a continuous coherent self-supporting mat. The flexible graphite mat is continuously contacted with liquid resin, impregnated with resin, and calendered.
NOVELTY - A new polymer electrolyte composition is provided which can be easily manufactured compared to a gel polymer electrolyte, obtains a high ionic conductivity even with a smaller electrolyte content and has superior mechanical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a polymer electrolyte composition for secondary batteries, the porous polymer electrolyte composition comprises a porous polymer matrix in which vinyl chloride/vinylacetate copolymer and acrylate polymer are blended; and a liquid electrolyte in which lithium salts are added to an organic solvent impregnating micropores of the porous polymer matrix. A method for manufacturing the polymer electrolyte composition for secondary batteries comprises:    (i) blending vinyl chloride/vinylacetate copolymer and acrylate polymer using a cosolvent;    (ii) obtaining a polymer film after adding a plasticizer to the blended solution for producing porous structures, casting a homogeneous solution manufactured by adding inorganic materials to the solution onto a glass plate and evaporating the cosolvent from the cast solution;    (iii) obtaining a porous polymer film by impregnating the polymer film into diethylether, thereby selectively melting the plasticizer only in the film; and    (iv) impregnating the porous polymer film into a liquid electrolyte manufactured by dissolving a lithium salt of 5 to 30 wt.% based on the polymer weight of at least one or more salts selected from lithium perchloride, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium triflate, lithium bis trifluoro methyl sulfonyl amide and lithium tetrafluoroborate into a solvent of 50 to 200 wt.% based on the polymer weight of one or more mixed solvents selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethoxy ethane, diethoxy ethane and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran.
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte (3) with lithium ionic conductivity is arranged between anode (2) and/or cathode (4). The electrodes contain active material capable of reversible occlusion release of lithium ion. The electrolyte and active material particle are surface-treated by tetralkoxysilane and bound using monoalkyl trialkoxysilane polymer or monoalkyl trialkoxysilane-poly dialkyl siloxane copolymer.    USE - For manufacture of lithium secondary battery used for mobile apparatuses such as mobile telephone, personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Lithium secondary battery of high density is obtained. The battery has high conductivity and improved workability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the lithium secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode (2)    Solid electrolyte (3)    Cathode (4)
NOVELTY - Positive electrode (1) and negative plate (2) are arranged, with porous material (3) in between, to form electricity generator (EG) (3). Electrolyte (EL) (I) and pregel electrolytic solution (PES) containing EL (II), polymerizable compound and/or heat polymerization initiator are decompression impregnated sequentially into EG. Outer cladding (7) is sealed with EG, heated and PES is gelatinized.    USE - For manufacture of lithium polymer secondary battery for portable electronic information apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By heating the outer cladding and gelatinizing the electrolyte, permeation of pregel electrolyte to the electricity generating element is enabled favorably. As the gelatinization is carried out uniformly inside the outer cladding, battery with high discharge rate, low temperature discharge characteristic and leak-proof property is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of components of lithium polymer secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Positive electrode (1)    Negative plate (2)    Porous film (3)    Outer cladding (7)
NOVELTY - A battery element (1) is placed between covering sheets (2,3) and the peripheral portions of the coverings are joined and the battery element is sealed. A packaging portion (4B) and junction portion (4A) are bend and adhered to packaging portion using an adhesive (5).    USE - Non-aqueous secondary battery e.g.lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The joining portion and junction portion are bend and joined, therefore the volume is reduced. The strength and rigidity of the battery are improved even under high shock. The generation of scale due to active material is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Battery element (1)    Covering sheets (2,3)    Junction portion (4A)    Packaging portion (4B)    Adhesive (5)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte cell comprises solid electrolyte (3) with lithium ion conductivity, between positive (2) and/or negative electrodes (4) of active material which performs reversible occlusion and release of lithium ion. Active material particles and electrolyte (3) are binded by a polymeric binder of monoalkyl trialkoxysilane polymer (P), or copolymer of polymer (P) and tetraalkoxysilane monomer.    USE - Used for a mobile apparatus such as a personal computer, and a portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte cell has high ionic conductivity and energy density, and favorable charging and discharging characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solid electrolyte cell.    Positive electrode (2)    Solid electrolyte (3)    Negative electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer fuel cell has positive electrode (11) and negative plate (12) separated by proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte film (13). Gaseous diffusion layers (14,15) are provided to outer side of electrodes. The electrode contains carbon powder and catalyst binder material which is a mixture of non-ion conductive fluororesin and solid polymer electrolyte material dissolved in liquid.    USE - As solid polymer fuel cell for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since a proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte film is pinched between electrodes, the transfer of ion is increased, thereby improving the electricity generation property. The reduction in electromotive force during high electric current density is prevented. Generation of uniform electric current is prolonged for longer duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-ion conductive fluororesin is independently dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. The fluororesin is polyvinylidene fluoride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of solid polymer fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Positive electrode (11)    Negative plate (12)    Solid polymer electrolyte film (13)    Diffusion layers (14,15)
NOVELTY - The lithium cell (10) consists of an electricity generation element and a laminated structure covering (30) in the circumference of electricity generation element. The laminated structure covering which seals the electricity generation element, contains a sealing member layer (6), an adhesive layer, an aluminum layer (7) obtained by boehmite treatment and a heat-resistant film (8), provided sequentially.    USE - For lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electricity generation element is sealed favorably using the covering. The covering has electrolyte-resistant property. Durability of the lithium cell is enhanced and the lithium cell is operated at normal temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lithium cell consists of an electricity generation element and a laminated structure covering in the circumference of the electricity generation element. The laminated structure covering which seals the electricity generation element, contains a sealing member layer, an adhesive layer, an aluminum layer obtained by boehmite treatment and a heat-resistant film, provided sequentially. The adhesive layer is obtained by adding an isocyanate resin curing agent to an acid modified polyolefin resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of the structure of the lithium cell.    Sealing member layer (6)    Aluminum layer (7)    Heat-resistant film (8)    Lithium cell (10)    Laminated structure covering (30)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte film and a technology for preparing secondary polymer lithium battery are disclosed. Said polymer electrolyte film contains inorganic compound (10-90 Wt.%) with microporous structure which is generated by the gaps between the micropores of inorganic compound and inorganic compound particles. Its adhesive is the fluoropolymer, or polyacrylnitrile (PAN) or their mixture.
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a porous semiconductor layer in which a dye is adsorbed and an electrolyte. The porous semiconductor layer and the electrolyte are between a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of a transparent substrate and a conductive substrate. The electrolyte is retained in a crosslinked polymer compound.    USE - As dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the crosslinked polymer compound provides a dye-sensitized solar cell including a polyelectrolyte having excellent retention of the solution and a favorable mechanical strength. The invention has a performance equivalent to a solar cell utilizing an electrolyte solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising:    (a) forming a transparent conductive film on a surface of a transparent substrate;    (b) forming a porous semiconductor layer on a surface of the transparent conductive film;    (c) impregnating a dye solution in the porous semiconductor layer;    (d) impregnating a solution containing units capable of forming a crosslinked polymer compound through polymerization in the porous semiconductor layer to form a polymer compound on the surface and in the inside of the porous semiconductor layer;    (e) impregnating an electrolyte solution in the polymer compound to form an electrolyte; and    (f) placing a conductive substrate and sealing a circumference portion.
NOVELTY - A new polymer, comprises triaryl amine monomers.    USE - For use as a hole transport layer in a light emitting device, as a component of a photorefractive material, or as a component for wide-bandgap semiconductor for a solid state electrolyte in a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive polymer is soluble in common organic solvents, is crosslinkable, and exhibits a high glass transition temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer comprises triaryl amine monomers of formula (I).    N(Ar1)(Ar2)(Ar3) (I)    Ar1-Ar3 = optionally substituted aryl or fused ring aromatic consisting aryl, where one is vinylated phenyl.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polymerizable monomer comprising a triaryl amine of formula (I), a linking group, and a cyclic olefin that is capable of undergoing a ring-opening polymerization reaction.
NOVELTY - Provided is a lithium ion cell containing a safety plate made of a polyolefin resin, which reduces sharply the space occupied by the safety plate and simplifies structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The safety plate of the lithium ion cell comprises: a gasket(8) having a protruded jaw in the lower part and the lower part of the protruded jaw is open; a disk-shaped lower aluminum plate(6) for supporting the safety plate, which is mounted on the protruded jaw and has a hole in the center; a disk-shaped second polyolefin resin safety plate mounted on the lower aluminum plate(6), wherein one side of the second polyolefin resin safety plate is cut; a first aluminum foil(4) overlapped on the cut part of the second polyolefin resin safety plate; a disk-shaped upper aluminum plate(7) for supporting the safety plate mounted on the first aluminum foil(4) and having a hole in the center; a positive temperature coefficient element(3) mounted on the upper aluminum plate(7); an upper cap(1) mounted on the positive temperature coefficient element(3) and having a gas exhaust hole(2); a cathode terminal(9) connected with the lower aluminum plate(6).
NOVELTY - The system has cleaning unit (2), a grinding-mixing unit (3), a granulator (4), a storage tank (5) and a molding unit (6) which forms beta-alumina solid electrolyte pipe from granular powder of raw material. Membrane filter sieves (10,11,22,23) are provided in a curved pipe (7) which transfers the slurry from grinding-mixing unit to granulator so that flow of slurry is made to curve more than once.    USE - For sodium-sulfur battery.    ADVANTAGE - The system forms electrolyte pipe which does not contain organic fiber. Generation of pinholes, formed by carbonization of foreign materials such as fiber, is prevented, by providing sieves to filter raw material and air. The electrolyte pipe provides excellent battery characteristics and reliability, to the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system has grinding-mixing unit which forms slurry from raw material powder and granulator which forms granular powder from the slurry. The system has storage tank to store granular powder with fixed moisture content. Air which transfers granular powder to the molding unit is filtered by a sieve. All the sieves provided in each apparatus and each pipe are metal membrane filter sieves.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows beta-alumina solid electrolyte pipe manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cleaning unit (2)    Grinding-mixing unit (3)    Granulator (4)    Storage tank (5)    Molding unit (6)    Curved pipe (7)    Membrane filter sieves (10, 11, 22, 23)
NOVELTY - A lithium polymer secondary cell comprising a positive electrode containing a lithium-containing composite oxide, a negative electrode containing a material to/from which lithium ions can be added/desorbed, and a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, wherein the following inequalities are satisfied: WsWnWp; 20 less than or equal to 100 Wp/(Wp + Wn + Ws) less than or equal to 50; 20 less than or equal to 100 Wn/(Wp + Wn + Ws) less than or equal to 50; 20 less than or equal to 100 Ws/(Wp + Wn + Ws) less than or equal to 50; where Wp is the weight of the polymer material of the polymer electrolyte contained in the positive electrode, Wn is the weight of the polymer material of the polymer electrolyte contained in the negative electrode, and Ws is the weight of the polymer material of the polymer electrolyte contained in the separator. Therefore the cycle stability is excellent and the reliability is high.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - Production of rechargeable lithium-polymer batteries comprises mixing a cathode active layer, an anode active layer and a polymer gel electrolyte layer; and laminating the layers on collector films.    USE - Used as a battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a carrier solvent is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cathode active layer contains an intercalatable transition metal oxide, a conducting salt solution, a conducting additive and a polymer that swells in the solution. The anode layer contains an intercalatable material, a conducting salt solution and a polymer that swells in the solution. The polymer gel electrolyte layer contains a conducting salt solution and a polymer that swells in the solution.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell has an anode, a cathode, a separator (4), a non-aqueous electrolyte (6), and a cell can (17) with an interior surface having the cathode material. The interior has a current collector (30) conductively attached and disposed to it to be in contact with the cathode material. A carbon powder coating (32) is on the current collector surface and the adjacent interior surface.    USE - As an electrochemical cell for various known cell configurations, e.g. spiral wound and round cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cell can be stored and/or used for extended periods at a very wide range of temperatures. It is capable of delivering pulse currents of greater amperage than previous systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the electrochemical cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows in section the electrochemical cell.    Separator (4)    Electrolyte (6)    Anode (10)    Cathode (12)    Cell can (17)    Current collector (30)    Carbon powder coating (32)
NOVELTY - A conductive microporous sheet material comprises primary carbon fibers having a cross-sectional dimension of at least 1 microns, secondary carbon fibers in the form of carbon nano-fibers, and binding agent for binding the primary and secondary fibers.    USE - As gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell or as electrode material for a battery; or used in other electrical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The material has a microporous structure as well as electrical conductivity and high level of chemical resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) the production of a porous conductive sheet involving forming an aqueous slurry of primary and secondary carbon fibers with a binding agent, applying the slurry to a paper forming screen to produce a sheet, and drying the sheet; and    (B) a battery which includes a portion of sheet material.
NOVELTY - Sealing material for ultraviolet (UV)-hardenable solar battery comprises a UV-hardenable ethylenic copolymer where a carboxylic acid or its organic derivatives which have functional groups selected from styryl groups, cinnamyl groups and cinnamylidene groups, is grafted using an ethylenic polymer having glycidyl (meth)acrylate units as the framework.    USE - Used as a sealing material for UV-hardenable solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The material is easily formed into films or sheets. It has excellent heat adhesion to solar battery structural components and can be hardened by UV irradiation. The material has good transparency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery comprising a light receiving sheet, a back sheet, and a solar battery module sealed via the sealing material between these sheets.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen occlusion alloy negative plate contains hydrogen occlusion alloy, comprising 0-7 weight% (wt.%) of cobalt, and methyl cellulose. The amount of methyl cellulose is preferably 0.1-2.0 wt.%.    USE - For alkali secondary battery e.g., nickel hydrogen secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The negative plate has reduced cobalt content, thereby preventing corrosion. Production cost of electrode is reduced and cycle life of battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen occlusion alloy negative plate manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte comprises a liquid crystal compound, a straight chain or branched polyether compound and a metallic salt.    USE - For secondary batteries (claimed), photochromic devices and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has desired ionic conductivity and required anisotropy in ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for secondary battery using the electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of secondary battery. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte element, comprises a polyelectrolyte layer containing a resin, a polymerizable compound with one or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds, a photo initiator or heat polymerization initiator and an electrolyte, applied on a support (12). The element is subjected to light irradiation, electron beam irradiation or heating, as needed.    USE - For batteries (claimed), especially lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Polyelectrolyte element with uniform film thickness is obtained. The element has excellent dimensional accuracy of thinning and laminate formation. A lightweight battery is obtained by simple process. Polyelectrolyte layer without gas bubbles are obtained. The element has high strength, excellent ion electroconductivity, laminate property, workability, extremely low interfacial resistance, adhesive property and tracking property. Mixing of refuse and dust with the polyelectrolyte element is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Manufacture of polyelectrolyte element roll by winding the polyelectrolyte element in roll form;    (ii) Polyelectrolyte element roll; and    (iii) Manufacture of a battery which involves laminating a polyelectrolyte element with polyelectrolyte layer, between a negative plate material and positive electrode material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model figure of polyelectrolyte element manufacturing apparatus.    Support (12)    Polymeric protective film (13)
NOVELTY - The negative plate object (1) comprises a negative plate active material of lithium metal or lithium ion supported on carbonized or graphitized mesocarbon micro beads with specific surface area of 5 m2/g or less. The end face of 6 carbocyclic ring network flat surface which compose each crystal group, is present in the particle surface.    USE - For lithium secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The lithium secondary battery has high output density, discharging capacity and cycle characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Lithium secondary battery which consists of the negative plate object;    (b) Manufacture of the negative plate object for lithium secondary battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the lithium secondary battery.    Negative plate object (1)
NOVELTY - Polyelectrolyte contains matrix polymer cross-linked by adding monomer which can cross-link by heat or light reaction and a non-aqueous electrolyte formed by dissolving an alkali metal salt in an acrylic resin having weight average molecular weight of 5,000-5,000,00. The acrylic resin contains structural units derived from methacrylate, acrylonitrile and units which has double bond in side chain.    USE - For battery used as power supply for electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte has excellent mechanical strength and ionic conductivity higher than conventional polyelectrolyte. The use of acrylic resin in the polyelectrolyte provides a lithium secondary battery which has characteristics superior to a lithium secondary battery using a simple polyelectrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polyelectrolyte contains a matrix polymer cross-linked by adding a monomer which can cross-link by heat or light reaction and a non-aqueous electrolyte formed by dissolving an alkali metal salt in an acrylic resin having weight average molecular weight of 5,000-5,000,00. The acrylic resin contains (A) 40-89.9 weight% (wt.%) of structural units derived from methacrylate, (B) 10-50 wt.% of structural units derived from acrylonitrile and (C) 0.1-10 wt.% of structural units which has double bond in side chain. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery using the polyelectrolyte.
NOVELTY - A binder is used for a battery using a non-aqueous electrolytic solution having an electrode formed by holding a current collector with a mix used for the battery electrode and containing at least an active material and the binder.    USE - The binder is used for an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.    ADVANTAGE - The binder and the mix have flexibility compared with a polyvinylidene fluoride and chemical stability. The battery has high 50% capacity cycle number and good charge discharge cyclic characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The binder consists of 30-80 mol.% vinylidene fluoride, 10-50 mol.% tetrafluoroethylene, 13-30 mol.% vinyl ether-based monomer and 0-10 mol.% monomer copolymerizable with them. The binder has an storage elastic modulus obtained by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity at 25 degreesC of 3.0x10power9 dyn.cm-2 or less.
NOVELTY - The protective sheet (A) is obtained by laminating a base film (1) provided with a shading film (2) and a base film (3) provided with vapor-deposited inorganic oxide film (4).    USE - For solar battery module (claimed) as electricity generation unit for calculator, electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The protective film has excellent water vapor barrier property, oxygen barrier property, strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, chemical resistance and stain resistance. The protective sheet is inexpensive and has excellent durability, and can manufacture safe and stable solar battery module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module which has surface protection sheet, and a pair of filler layers separated by a solar battery element such as photovoltaic cell. The layers are integrated by heat crimping lamination process in vacuum.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the rough sectional drawing of protective sheet.    Base films (1,3)    Shading film (2)    Inorganic oxide film (4)    Protective sheet (A)
NOVELTY - An all solid-state polymeric electrolyte formed from a macromolecular material in which is dissolved an ionized lithium salt and comprising one or more fluorinated polymers and a ratio by weight of macromolecular material to fluorinated polymer of 6-700    USE - The electrochemical generators are used as rechargeable batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The claimed electrolyte minimizes the formation of irregularities such as dendrites on the negative electrode during recharging. This reduces the risk of short- circuiting and permits the use of a higher charging current.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an electrochemical generator comprising a negative electrode capable of producing a lithium cation and the claimed electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A storage battery includes a uniform matrix of closely packed solid phase iron (VI) salt particles and sulfonated resin beads held within a non-conductive tubular housing forming side walls and spaced apart conductive end plates.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides Fe (VI) salt-based storage battery having the attributes of economy, long life and stability, and improved power output while being environmentally friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A storage battery comprises a housing (12) formed of non-conductive side walls and spaced apart conductive end plates (20, 26). A uniformly mixed, packed matrix (13) of conductive iron (Fe) (VI) salt particles (18) and sulfonated conductive resin beads (14) are positioned within the housing. Each of the Fe (Vi) salt particles are smaller in size than each conductive resin bead, the conductive resin beads carrying waters of hydration. A uniform layer of the Fe (VI) salt particles is positioned in electrical contact with the first end plate defining a positive (+) terminal of the battery. A uniform layer of non-conductive resin beads (24) is in physical contact against, and establishes a non-conductive resin barrier against, the second end plate which defines a negative (-) terminal of the battery. The waters of hydration are attached to the conductive resin beads acting as an electrolyte enabling current flow through the matrix.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a side elevation sectional schematic view of the storage battery.    Housing (12)    Packed matrix (13)    Sulfonated conductive resin beads (14)    Fe (VI) salt particles (18)    Conductive end plates (20, 26)    Non-conductive resin beads (24)
NOVELTY - Bipolar plate and gasket assembly (PGA) comprises a graphite sheet (2), rigid gasket main body or bodies, compressible gasket material, and at least two pieces of carbon cloth (7) and gas flow channel(s) positioned between or around the pieces of carbon cloth.    USE - For use as component in an ionomer membrane fuel cell, fuel cell stack, or battery particularly useful in portable and transportation-related applications.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly, unlike state-of-the-art graphite bipolar plates, does not have flow-field channels machined into the graphite, thus permitting the fabrication of very thin bipolar plate and gasket assemblies. The graphite plate and gaskets prevent cross-mixing of the reactant gases in the cell. The gases are distributed to the appropriate fuel cell electrode, and thermal control is achieved by a mechanism of the thermal conductivity of the graphite fins (8). The invention comprises lightweight and inexpensive precursor materials, and all of the component parts of the bipolar plate and associated gaskets can be stamped, molded, or cut, thus enabling the potential reduction of manufacturing costs. It increases the stacking density of ionomer membrane fuel cells beyond that currently possible with state-of-the-art bipolar plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a top plan view of a graphite sheet with manifold slots and the carbon cloth flow-field.    Graphite sheet (2)    Piece of carbon cloth (7)    Thermal control fin (8)
NOVELTY - Pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter comprises a conductive support, one or more photosensitive layers containing pigment-adsorbed semiconductor fine particles, a charge-transfer layer and a counter electrode.    USE - The pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter is used for the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, particularly, high short-circuit current density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one photosensitive layer is formed by burning semiconductor particles-dispersed product containing a block copolymer using two or more alkylene oxides as its constituent unit.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery that uses the pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter of the claim.
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolytic solution is formed by dissolving an electrolytic salt in an organic solvent.    USE - The non-aqueous electrolytic solution is used for the secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The oxygen-containing aliphatic compound has easy self polymerization and exhibits a polymerization reaction at the interface of the electrode at the initial cycle. As a result a stable coating is formed which inhibits an increase in interface resistance caused by the cycle. The resulting secondary battery has less change in electrical capacity and internal resistance in repeated charge and discharge, and exhibits superior cyclic characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A non-aqueous electrolytic solution is formed by dissolving an electrolytic salt in an organic solvent. An oxygen-containing aliphatic compound having an active hydrogen-free alkynyl group and/or alkynylene group is added to the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
NOVELTY - The electrochemical device comprises a positive electrode (1), a diaphragm (3), a negative plate (2) and an electrolyte impregnated in a three-dimensional structure which is formed inside the device.    USE - As electrochemical device such as lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical device is inexpensive, and has high stability, excellent electrolyte retention property, and long life. The electrochemical device can be used for wide range of devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of electrochemical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of film-like lithium ion secondary battery, and A-A cross-sectional explanatory diagram of film-like lithium ion secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative plate (2)    Diaphragm (3)
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte composition has polymeric mixture containing one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride group polymer, polyacrylonitrile and polymethyl methacrylate.    USE - As electrolyte for lithium secondary battery (claimed), capacitor and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte composition has high ionic conductivity, excellent physical and mechanical property, stable boundary surface characteristics and excellent low and high temperature discharge characteristics. Liquid spill of electrolyte and evaporation are minimized. A stable high volume lithium secondary battery can be obtained. The electrolyte offers excellent adhesive property and affinity, to the electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Manufacture of polyelectrolyte which involves heating reaction material containing the polymeric mixture and electrolyte containing lithium salt, in a ratio of 1:3-10; and (ii) Lithium secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The production of an electrochemical device comprises: (a) filling a heat polymeric composition containing a polymeric compound and an electrolytic salt and having a viscosity at 25 degrees C of less than 30 mPa.s in a case for the electrochemcial device; (b) hardening the heat polymeric composition by heating.    USE - The method manufactures the electrochemical device for use in the battery, the electric double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The heat polymeric composition has superior impregnation, hardening, and shelf life stability. The electrochemical device allows high-capacity and high-current operation, and has prolonged life and superior reliability. The battery and the electric double layer capacitor have high output voltage, high current, good fabrication, prolonged life and superior reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The case houses each constituent material except an electrolyte material.
NOVELTY - A protective layer is formed on the main surface of a silicon substrate having n-doped and p-doped areas. A metal layer, insulator layer and another metal layer made of polyimide are adhered to the rear side of substrate and hardened. Opening are made at predetermined intervals, penetrating the layers.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the surface of substrate is flattened, the generation of void or solder fatigue is reduced. Hence the electroconductivity of the cell is improved efficiently.
NOVELTY - Activation of a solid polymer fuel cell involves performing a hydrating step prior to operating the cell to produce electrical power comprising supplying a gas stream comprising water vapor to fuel and oxidant diffusion layer(s), and exhausting the gas stream from the diffusion layer(s). The cell has an anode, cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte, and fuel and oxidant diffusion layers.    USE - For activating a solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The rate at which water in the gas stream is supplied to the desired diffusion layer(s) can exceed the rate at which product water would be generated inside the fuel cell from electrochemical reactions when the fuel cell is operating at its maximum normal current density. The water can be provided to the membrane electrolyte and catalyst layers faster via the present activation method than via operation of the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module comprises a transparent surface substrate having a first and a second major plane, a semiconductor photoelectric converting layer, a filling resin, and bottom surface cover provided on the first major plane of the substrate, and a glare-resistant film formed on the second major plane of the substrate.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a glare-resistant film effectively prevents light environmental pollution caused by light reflection. The glare-resistant film has improved hydrophilicity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery module comprises a transparent surface substrate having a first and a second major plane, a semiconductor photoelectric converting layer, a filling resin, and bottom surface cover provided on the first major plane of the substrate, and a glare-resistant film formed on the second major plane of the substrate. The glare-resistant film has good wettability having a contact angle to water of less than 75degrees.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell gas diffusion substrate comprises primary fibers, secondary fibers in the form of carbon nanofibers, thermoplastic polymers for binding the fibers, and a carbon based filler/coating material. The loading of the carbon based filler/coating material is more than 15 weight %.    USE - For fuel cells, metal-air batteries, electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical reactors for electrosynthesis of useful chemical compounds, or separator mats for batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon nanofibers of the invention provides distinct properties and are not merely very small conventional carbon fibers. They can be produced with much smaller fiber diameters and shorter fiber length than conventional carbon fibers. They also have a different morphology from the materials normally classified as carbon fibers. They are vapor grown graphitic or semi-graphitic carbon structures (tubular, solid, intermediate in nature) that exist as curved, intertwined entanglements or clusters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a gas diffusion electrode comprising a gas diffusion substrate and an electrocatalyst material, and    (b) a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprising the gas diffusion electrode.
NOVELTY - An aluminum battery comprises a positive electrode; negative electrode containing active material from aluminum metal or aluminum alloys; and an electrolyte containing halogen ion and ion from sulfate ion or nitrate ion.    USE - Used as primary battery for portable equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is capable of realizing a high voltage and a large capacity, and capable of minimizing the weight of the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a coin type Al battery.    Positive electrode mixture (3)    Collector (4)
NOVELTY - The cell has unit battery clamped with a separator. An ion exchange polymer film laminated on both sides with reaction layer forms the unit battery. The reaction layer consists of carbon powder carrying noble metals. Carbon black has several pore volume distributions with pore volume distribution peak at 9-40 nm, whose half-value width is 30-50 nm.    USE - The cell is used as polymer electrolyte fuel cell used for e.g. motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The control and optimization of pore volume distribution are made easier, by controlling the half-value width of pore volume distribution peak to preset range. The battery properties are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon black has porosity of 90% or more. The reaction layer has thickness of 1-40 mum.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of the cell.
NOVELTY - Battery e.g. alkali secondary battery, is formed by including a polymer having carbodiimide units in the molecule.    USE - Used in the production of separators of alkali secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Battery is highly inhibited in self-discharging effect and lifetime of the battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbodiimide unit has the formula (I):    R = an organic group;    n = an integer 1-10000.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the button battery using the separator.    Case (1)    Nickel Mesh (2)    Nickel Collector Plate (3)    Negative Electrode (4)    Separator (5)    Positive Electrode (6)    Packing (7)    Outer Lid (8)
NOVELTY - An exothermic laminate (2) has heat emitters (2a) clamped between heat conducting sheets (2b,2c). The laminate is mounted on thermal storage unit (3) having several heat conducting housings (3b) each with thermal storage material (3a). A heat exchanger plate (4) for even heat distribution, is arranged on upper portion of laminate. An integrated flooring panel (1) is placed on upper portion of plate (4).    USE - Thermal-storage type electric floor-heating device for domestic and office use.    ADVANTAGE - The structure of the device reduces power consumption and equalizes floor temperature. Provides simple construction and thereby reduces the size of the device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of thermal-storage type electric floor-heating device.    Integrated panel-shaped flooring (1)    Exothermic laminate (2)    Heat emitter (2a)    Heat conducting sheets (2b,2c)    Thermal storage unit (3)    Thermal storage material (3a)    Heat conducting housing (3b)    Heat exchanger plate (4)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer fuel cell has catalyst layer-electrolyte contact piece formed by coating process (25) on both sides of electrolyte film, porous diffusion layer formed by integration process (26) on both sides of contact piece and a pair of separator on both sides of diffusion layer. The contact piece, diffusion layer and separators are joined by thermocompression bonding or adhesive.    USE - For manufacturing solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since catalyst layer-electrolyte contact piece, diffusion layer and separators are joined by thermocompression bonding or adhesive, the assembly of fuel cell is improved. The electric contact resistance of the fuel cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - One of the separator has fuel gas pathway for supplying and discharging heating gas containing hydrogen, and the other separator has oxidizing gas pathway for supplying and discharging oxidizing gas from one diffusion layer to another diffusion layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing explains manufacture of fuel cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    coating process (25)    integration process (26)
NOVELTY - High polymer electrolyte composition (I) comprising: (A) polyacrylonitrile resin; (B) metal salt(s); and (C) cyanoethylated xylydenediamine(s).    USE - (I) is useful as material for preparation of light-gage cells.    ADVANTAGE - (I) is molded to light films having good flexibility and practical electric conductivity at room temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (C) is represented by formula (1).
NOVELTY - The solar collector comprises at least one transparent pane (1) and an element with an absorber surface (2) which are joined to one another in a manner similar to insulating double glazing units.    USE - For utilization of solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - Condensation hazards are eliminated. The solar collector can be integrated into building facade structures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross section through a part of the proposed solar collector.    Transparent pane (1)    Absorber surface (2)    Distance piece (3)    Sealing compound (4)    Pipes (5)    Carrier and/or insulating layer (8)    Insulating coating (11)
NOVELTY - A secondary electrochemical cell comprises an anode comprising lithium, a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur-containing material; and a non-aqueous electrolyte interposed between the anode and cathode. The electrolyte comprises lithium salt(s), non-aqueous solvent(s), and greater than 3000 ppm water.    USE - As rechargeable cells for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell has long life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a method of making a secondary electrochemical cell; and (B) method of increasing the cycle life of the secondary electrochemical cell.
NOVELTY - An acrylo-nitrile (AN) group porous film for polymeric gel electrolyte, contains AN group polymer having weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500,000 or more, and has thickness of 100 mum or less and porosity of 30-80%.    USE - For polymeric gel electrolyte used in electrical devices such as lithium cell or lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The porous film has excellent handling property and high mechanical characteristics, and provides good charging and discharging characteristics to electrolyte of battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Polymeric gel electrolyte obtained by impregnating AN group porous film with non-aqueous electrolyte followed by gelatinization; and (ii) Secondary battery.
NOVELTY - An adhesive film (1) has resin layer (3) containing ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymerization system, bonded to a glass non-woven fabric (2).    USE - Used as sealing film in solar batteries (claimed) and laminated glass.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive film can be laminated effectively on various plates, without any problems such as exclusion of adhesive. The adhesive film has high quality, excellent electric insulation property, dimensional stability, heat resistance, fire resistance, corrosion resistance and durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of adhesive film.    adhesive film (1)    glass nonwoven fabric (2)    adhesion resin layer (3)
NOVELTY - Production of a cathode assembly comprise extruding a composition comprising catalyst, fibrillatable material, and lubricant. The extrudate is calendered, laminated to a current collector, and heated to remove a portion of the lubricant.    USE - The method is used for the production of a cathode assembly for a metal-air battery or fuel cell. The battery is used as an electrical energy source in a device such as a hearing aid or a cellular phone.    ADVANTAGE - The cathode assembly is thin, strong, flexible and self-supporting. It provides reliable battery performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a metal-air battery.
NOVELTY - A composite ion-exchange material has a first conductive polymer and a support material for the polymer. The support material comprises a second conductive polymer.    USE - The composite ion exchange material, e.g. ion-exchange membrane is used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell or electrolyzers (claimed). The membrane may be used in Hydrogen Fuel Cells or Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. It is also used in filtration (as parts of filtration membranes), e.g. ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or in reverse osmosis.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive material has improved mechanical and physical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making a composite material.
NOVELTY - A plastic frame for graphite plate assembly is molded by positioning a graphite plate member (10) in a mold cavity, and a mold core against the plate member and the mold cavity to define cavity space; injecting molten plastic (50) into the cavity space (52); separating the mold cavity and the mold core; and removing the molded plastic frame and graphite plate.    USE - For molding plastic frame for graphite plate assembly used in chemical reactive devices, e.g. electrodes in electrochemical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The graphite plate assembly employing the plastic frame produced achieves a strong yet economical border. The plastic frame preserves the integrity of the detail on the surface of the graphite plate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Molding of a plastic frame, involves positioning a graphite plate member in a mold cavity. The graphite plate member has top and bottom surfaces with peripheral sides. A mold core is positioned against the graphite plate member and the mold cavity to define cavity space surrounding the peripheral sides of the member. Molten plastic is then injected into the cavity space. The mold cavity and the mold core are then separated. Molded plastic frame product and graphite plate are then removed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of an injection mold for producing injection molded frame.    Graphite plate member (10)    Shut-off surfaces (48a-d)    Molten plastic (50)    Cavity space (52)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises liquid saturated oligomer of alkyl acrylate or methacrylate having 1-8 carbon atoms and a molecular weight of 160-1000 g/mol.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary electrochemical cells e.g. lithium cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte prevents charge-discharge cycle of secondary electrochemical cells. It has higher boiling points, which extend the upper operating limit and improve the safety characteristics of lithium cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A process for preparing an electrolyte cosolvent comprising:    (a) forming a reaction mixture comprising (i) 10-100 wt.% 1-8C alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, (ii) 0-90 wt.% hydrocarbon solvent and (iii) 0-20 wt.% hydrocarbon initiator;    (b) continuously charging the reaction mixture into a well-mixed continuous flow stirred tank reactor maintained at 300-400 degreesC;    (c) removing an unsaturated oligomeric reaction product from the reactor at sufficient rate to provide a reaction residence time of 3-60 minutes;    (d) removing volatiles from the unsaturated oligomeric reaction product; and    (e) hydrogenating the unsaturated oligomeric reaction product to form a saturated oligomer of a 1-8C alkyl (meth)acrylate having a molecular weight of 160-1000 g/mol.    (2) A secondary electrochemical cell employing an anode, cathode and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
NOVELTY - An electrically conductive part and an electrically insulating part are used to form the cell plate, the latter forming an edge that extends around the conductive part.    USE - For an electrolytic fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Short circuits between cell plates are prevented without the use of expensive coatings, increasing pressure drop or use of poor conducting injection-molding materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises a proton-conducting membrane and a catalyst layer on opposite sides of one or two cell plate. An electrically conductive part and an electrically insulating part are used to form the cell plates, the latter forming an edge that extends around the conductive part.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for methods for preparing the cell plates for polymer electrolyte fuel cells by:    (a) pressing a composite pre-form, then placing the pressed article inside an injection-molding tool, and then casting around it by injection molding; or    (b) placing a pre-heated composite pre-form inside an injection-molding tool, and then closing the tool with sufficient force and casting by injection molding.
NOVELTY - An ultra-violet ray hardened polymer blend electrolyte is provided, which has good mechanical physical properties and electrical properties and improves the process for preparing a battery. And its preparation method and a lithium ion polymer battery which has improved battery performances such as contacting property with electrode, low temperature property, high rate discharge property, charge and discharge property, battery capacity and life using it are also provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ultra-violet ray hardened polymer blend electrolyte comprises:    (i) 5-95% of function-I polymer comprising one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate or their mixture; and    (ii) 5-95% of function-II polymer comprising one selected from poly vinylidene fluoride polymer, polyacrylonitrile polymer, polymethyl methacrylate polymer or polyvinyl chloride polymer or their mixtures.    The method comprises steps of:    (a) mixing the above polymer blend, 100-900 wt.% of liquid electrolyte regarding the weight of the polymer blend and 0-20 wt.% of silicon dioxide or alumina regarding the weight of the polymer blend for 1-12 hours;    (b) heating the mixture of the step (a) at a temperature of 50-150 degreesC;    (c) swelling the heated mixture for 0.5-5 hours;    (d) adding each 0.1-5.0 wt.% of an initiator for ultra-violet ray hardening and a hardening accelerant regarding the total weight of the polymer mixture to the swollen polymer mixture and then stirring the mixture for 0.5-30 minutes;    (e) casting the polymer blend; and    (f) irradiating the ultra-violet rays to the product of the step (e) to harden.    The lithium ion polymer battery comprises:    (1) a laminate which is prepared by laminating a cathode, the polymer blend, an anode, the polymer blend, and a cathode in sequence;    (2) terminals which are connected to the cathode and the anode; and    (3) a battery case which covers up and seals the laminate.
NOVELTY - Preparation of alloy catalyst, involves preparing co-metal colloidal solution by simultaneously adding aqueous solution of two or more metal salts to aqueous solution of reducer containing organic acid, and carrying co-metal colloidal particles on support.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The preparation method enables reduction in grain size of active material, and enables to obtain highly active alloy catalyst having low metal content. The alloy catalyst resists poisoning by carbon monoxide. The method also greatly improves alloying degree of active material. The metal catalyst improves activity of electrode catalyst, and thereby improves battery characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included manufacture of solid polymeric fuel cell comprising anode pole, cathode pole containing catalyst, and polyelectrolyte.
NOVELTY - Film-forming material includes 50 mol% or more of at least one of repeating aromatic structural units and contains sulfonic acid groups in its molecule.    USE - Film-forming material is useful for producing proton-conductive films for primary and secondary electric cell electrolytes, fuel cell polymer solid electrolytes, etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Said repeating aromatic structural units have the following formulae (I) to (III).    X = -CYY' or fluorenylene group;    Y, Y' = hydrogen atom, alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group or aryl group, provided that Y and Y' may be identical or different;    R1 to R8 = hydrogen atom, sulfonic acid group, halogen atom, alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group, allyl group or aryl group, provided that R1 to R8 may be identical with or different from one another.    R9 to R12 = sulfonic acid group, hydrogen atom, alkyl group, halogen atom, halogenated alkyl group, aryl group or monovalent organic group containing a functional group.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprises an electrode assembly enclosed in a casing (3) which changes shape with slight increase in internal pressure of the cell. A gel polymer is provided between the positive electrode and separator, so as to bond them. The adhesive strength between the separator and positive electrode is 0.02 N/10 mm or more.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Defects during overcharging are not observed. The cell has increased adhesive strength, with minimum change in shape, during overcharging.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprises an electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode and negative electrode, with a separator in between. The electrodes are capable of intercalating and de-intercalating lithium ions. The assembly is enclosed in a casing which changes shape with slight increase in internal pressure of the cell. A gel polymer containing non-aqueous liquid electrolyte is provided between the positive electrode and separator, so as to bond them. The adhesive strength between the separator and positive electrode is 0.02 N/10 mm or more.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method for producing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell. An electrode assembly with a flat spiral shape is prepared by winding a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator in between. The assembly is enclosed in a casing. The electrodes and separator are put together, such that a pregel comprising liquid electrolyte and polymer precursor is poured into the casing, followed by cross-linking and polymerization by heating, to form a gel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell.    Casing (3)    Positive electrode lead (7)    Negative electrode lead (8)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte is provided which minimizes the leakage of a plasticizer and has improved interfacial stability and ion conductivity between electrode by introducing an alkali metal ion group to an acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid terpolymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the polymer electrolyte containing a host polymer, a plasticizer and a lithium salt, the host polymer is an ionomer of acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-alkali metal methacrylate terpolymer having a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (1) wherein, each x, y and z is independently 0 or a positive integer, and M is Li, Na or K.
NOVELTY - An ion conductive solid, used for a solid electrolyte, is produced by polymerizing (a) one or more kinds of monomers of specified formula and (b) one or more kinds of monomers having two (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule.    USE - The ion conductive solid is useful for a solid electrolyte which is used for a battery.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductive solid has high ion conductivity and high mechanical strength. The battery employing such ion conductive solid as an electrode binder or solid electrolyte, has high capacity, high energy density and good cycling characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ion conductive solid, produced by polymerization of (a) one or more kinds of monomers represented by formula (I) and (b) one or more kinds of monomers having two (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule. The ion conductive solid further contains a plasticizer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solid electrolyte comprising the ion conductive solid of the claim and an ionic compound.    R1 = H, 1-10C alkyl or fluoroalkyl; and    n = natural number up to 20.
NOVELTY - The inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) is formed on one side of the base film (1). A heat resistant polypropylene group resin film containing, whitener and ultraviolet absorber is formed on both sides of the film.    USE - Solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module has excellent weather resistance, heat-resistance, water-resistance, light resistance, wind pressure-resistant property, hail resistance, chemical resistance, damp proofing, stain-repellent property, light reflection property, light diffusion property and design property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module. The surface protection film contains a filling layer, solar battery element as photovoltaic cell and inorganic oxide vapor deposition film to one side of the base film. The reverse side is coated with polypropylene group film. The sheet is laminated with heat resistant polypropylene group resin containing whitener, ultraviolet absorber in both sides of base film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of reverse side protection sheet for solar battery module.    Base film (1)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)
NOVELTY - A battery comprises a main metal tab body, an external container for the main body, a heat seal at the peripheral and a chemical conversion layer on the peripheral.    USE - The battery is a Li secondary battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the tab and the preparation of the tab.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the battery. (1) battery (2) main body (4) tabs (5) package (5a) heat sealed edge (4S) chemical conversion coating
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte battery comprises an electrode unit that includes a positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, and porous membrane inserted between the two plates.    USE - Used in portable devices, e.g., portable phone, an audio-video player, digital camera, and personal digital assistant.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a high discharge capacity, high mechanical strength, and high heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte battery comprises an electrode unit that includes a positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, and porous membrane inserted between the two plates. The porous membrane is filled with a first gel polymer electrolyte. Around a circumference of the electrode unit, a second gel polymer electrolyte covers an edge part of the positive electrode plate and an edge part of the porous me membrane together, and the edge part of the porous membrane and an edge part of the negative electrode plate together.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing a polymer electrolyte battery comprising:    (i) producing an electrode unit by inserting a porous membrane between a positive and negative electrode plate;    (ii) impregnating the produced electrode unit with a pre-gel solution which is composed of liquid electrolyte and polymer precursor and affixing the pre-gel solution around a circumference of the electrode unit; and    (iii) curing the pre-gel solution.
NOVELTY - Solar cell arrays having electrical contacts are interconnected by patterning a conductive and thermal epoxy (non-electrical epoxy) on a substrate.    USE - For interconnecting solar cell arrays having electrical contacts for interconnection to form a solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - The method eliminates the need for wire bonding directly to the solar cells to minimize damage to the solar cells, reduces the cost of manufacture, and minimizes processing steps. It also isolates the individual cell from electrical shortage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Interconnection of solar cell arrays (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62) having electrical contacts to form a solar cell panel comprises forming an interconnection pattern of electrically conductive areas and non-electrically conductive areas on the substrate, applying an electrically conductive epoxy on the electrically conductive areas, aligning the electrical contacts on a solar cell array(s) with the electrical conductive areas, and disposing the solar cell arrays on the substrate so that electrical contacts are in contact with the conductive areas to form an assembly. A joint is defined between the substrate, which is an aluminum hollow foil panel carrier, and solar cell (64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80) array(s).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar panel comprising solar cell array(s), each having a positive polarity electrical contact (82) and a negative polarity electrical contact (84); a substrate having an interconnection pattern; an electrically conductive epoxy; and a non-electrically conductive epoxy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the interconnection of solar cell arrays.    Solar cell arrays (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62)    Solar cell (64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80)    Positive polarity electrical contact (82)    Negative polarity electrical contact (84)
NOVELTY - A cathode active material of lithium ion secondary battery is provided, which reduces the deposition of lithium metal and side reaction between an electrolytic solution and the cathode active material. And a method for preparing the same is also provided, which produces the cathode active material having excellent physical properties with simple process without using an expensive device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises steps of:    (i) after melting pitch at a temperature of 300-450 degreesC, removing solvent soluble component from the molten pitch to extract beta-resin;    (ii) after adding hydrogen to the beta-resin, obtaining bulk mesophase carbon precursor by treating the hydrogen added beta-resin to become heavy;    (iii) pulverizing the bulk mesophase carbon precursor into an average grain size of 3-50 micrometers;    (iv) doping a boron-containing compound to the bulk mesophase carbon precursor gone through the step (ii) or the step (iii); and    (v) heat-treating the boron-containing compound doped bulk mesophase carbon precursor.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing a lithium ion polymer battery is provided which forms void on a polymer matrix without an extracting plasticizer by a solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises steps of:    (i) coating an electric current collecting body with an active material composition containing a binder, an electric conducting agent, an electrode active material and a casting solvent to prepare pole plates;    (ii) casting a polymer matrix composition containing an organic solvent, which is insoluble to the binder, an inorganic filler and the casting solvent and has a boiling point of 90-200 degreesC, on a support or the pole plate and drying the polymer matrix composition coated support or pole plate only to evaporate the casting solvent in the polymer matrix composition;    (iii) preparing a battery structure by laminating or winding to position the polymer matrix between the pole plates; and    (iv) drying the battery structure to form void on the polymer matrix by evaporating the organic solvent and impregnating the formed void with an electrolytic solution.
NOVELTY - A storage plastic sheet (3) is laminated on a main plastic sheet so that the opening of the storage sheet is closed. The open surface area around the thermally bonded area of storage sheet is set to be 60% or less of the main sheet area. The area of adhesive surface of storage sheet is set to be 30% or less of the total area of the main sheet.    USE - For packing a coin battery (6) used in e.g. a watch or camera.    ADVANTAGE - Improves external appearance and adds value to product. Curvature of plastic sheet is prevented, since influence of thermobonding of battery accommodation sheet bonded to plastic sheet is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of package.    Storage plastic sheet (3)    Battery (6)
NOVELTY - A mixture containing 10-150 weight parts of thermoplastic resin binder based on 100 wt.pts of amorphous carbon coated graphite group carbonaceous material, is baked at 700 degrees C or more. The mixture is added with a solvent which dissolves the binder, to obtain a dispersion coating material. The coating material is applied on a collector and dried, to obtain negative plate.    USE - For secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The negative plate has high volume and is obtained by simple process.
NOVELTY - The alkaline dry battery comprises 0.8 weight% or less of gelatinizer content in a paste-like negative electrode (4) and zinc powder having bulk density of 2.45 g/ml or less.    USE - Alkaline dry battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent in impact strength, without causing a reduction of a discharge property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional chart showing the alkaline dry battery.    Paste-like negative electrode (4)
NOVELTY - An anode (21) and cathode (22) provided within boundary of solid polymer film mutually oppose each other. Water flow route consisting of grooves are provided on boundary of solid polymer film.    USE - Membrane electrode structure for solid polymer fuel cell (claimed) e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC).    ADVANTAGE - Water flows uniformly in water flow route provided along boundary of anode to contact anode and cathode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of solid polymer fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of polymer electrolyte fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode (21)    Cathode (22)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of solid high molecular fuel cell involves coating a liquid containing ion exchange resin and catalyst on ion-exchange membrane fixed to a base material, drying, and peeling off base material from the ion exchange membrane.    USE - For manufacturing solid high molecular fuel cells such as solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A smooth electrode-film contact piece is formed by providing a catalyst layer on ion-exchange membrane. The solvent in catalyst prevents wrinkle formation in the joining surface of ion-exchange membrane. The solid high molecular fuel cell having film-electrode contact piece provides high output.
NOVELTY - The solar panel has several solar battery element (110) which are connected in series or in juxtaposition. A cover glass (101) provided to light-incidence side covers solar battery elements and reinforcing material is provided to the back side of the battery elements. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin filler seals solar battery and heat resistant or fire resistant layer (102) is interposed between the cover glass and EVA resin filler (103).    USE - Solar panel installed in roof top of building and residences and side walls is used for electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The fire occurrence is reduced by heat-resistant or fire-resistant resin layer which protects solar battery even if cover glass breaks due to high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Roof with solar battery;    (b) Electrical power generator    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of solar panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cover glass (101)    Heat resistant or fire resistant layer (102)    EVA group resin filler (103)    Solar battery element (110)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode film (40) is formed on semiconductor light active layer (30). A protective overcoat layer (60a-60d) arranged above electrode film, acts as mask. The portion of transparent electrode film not protected by overcoat layer is removed, and transparent conductive layer (40a-40d) is formed.    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since protective overcoat is provided, reliability of photovoltaic cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view and sectional view of photovoltaic cell.    Semiconductor light active layer (30)    Electrode film (40)    Conductive layers (40a-40d)    Overcoat layers (60a-60d)
NOVELTY - The battery (1) has gel-like polymer electrolyte (40) containing polymer matrix and solvent containing lithium hexafluorophosphate. The polymer matrix is a polymerizable monomer selected from polyalkylene glycol (meth)acrylate or their derivatives. The number of polyalkylene oxide repeating unit and number of acrylate and methacrylate groups in polymerizable monomer, satisfy specific conditions.    USE - As polymer electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte battery has improved characteristics even when preserved under high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery has gel-like polymer electrolyte, positive electrode (20) and negative plate (30). The polymer electrolyte contains polymer matrix and solvent containing lithium hexafluorophosphate. The polymer matrix is a polymerizable monomer selected from polyalkylene glycol (meth)acrylate or their derivatives. The number of polyalkylene oxide repeating unit in one molecule of polymerizable monomer, is set to n and the number of acrylate and methacrylate groups is set to m which satisfy the conditions: when m is 1-2, n is 5 or less and when m is 3 or more, n is less than or equal to 5m-5.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional drawing of polymer electrolyte battery.    Polymer electrolyte battery (1)    Positive electrode (20)    Negative plate (30)    Gel-like polymer electrolyte (40)
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte of a secondary battery contains a fluorine-containing amide or sulfonamide type surface active agent.    USE - Battery for e.g. mobile communication equipment or portable electronic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has excellent charge/discharge characteristics and a long life cycle. It generates a smaller amount of gas (during storage) than conventional batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte comprising a solvent and a dissolved solute. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains a surface active agent of formula (I).    X-CnF2n-Y-(CH2-CH2)m-Z (I)    X = H or F;    Y = -CONH- or -SO2NR-;    R = an alkyl group;    Z = -OH, -CH3, -PO3W2 or -SO3W;    W = an alkali metal;    n = 4-10; and    m = 20-100.
NOVELTY - Acrylic resin composition comprises an organic silicon based compound, copolymerisable or miscible with (meth)acryl monomer.    USE - The resin composition is used to make a coating for a car body panel or a solar cell panel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The compositions have improved scratch resistance, maintaining the appearance of the car parts and the efficiency of solar panels made from the composition. The flexibility and impact resistance of the resin make it a suitable replacement for glass in solar panels where it can reduce the weight significantly. The efficiency of the panels is maintained because the light transmission is not reduced by dirt remaining in the scratches.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for    (1) a painted film containing resin base material and a clear layer formed by the novel composition;    (2) a body panel of a car comprising a painted film with a clear layer of the composition on its surface;    (3) coating for a solar cell panel comprising the composition;    (4) solar cell panel comprising solar cells and a resin coating; and    (5) solar cell panel with the cells buried in the resin or solar cells in which an adhesive and/or elastic layer are laminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic view of an acrylic resin composition of the invention.    acrylic resin composition (10);    fine silica grains with hydroxyl groups on surface (20); and    silicon based compound with double bond at one end (30)
NOVELTY - The modified solar collector for heating water comprises an absorber sheet (1) carrying on its underside arbitrarily spaceable absorber pipes (2). These pipes are fixed to the absorber sheet by means of a nonmetal connector material in such a way that a firm, metal to metal contact is maintained between them and the absorber sheet.    USE - For utilization of solar energy for water heating.    ADVANTAGE - Absorber pipes a fixed to the absorber sheet without use of heat. As a result, problems associated with heat induced warping of the coated absorber sheet are avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section through the proposed solar collector.    Metal absorber sheet (1)    Metal absorber pipes (2)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic thin-film module with a thin-film solar cell system on support materials and encapsulating material on one or both sides, is made by passing a strip of encapsulating material, comprising protective and sealing layers, on another strip of material for the system and its support into a laminating station, with the sealing layer on the thin-film solar cell system, and lamination at elevated pressure and optionally elevated temperature.    USE - The product is a photovoltaic thin-film module with a thin-film solar cell system (all claimed). It is useful for applications ranging from small energy plants for emergency call posts, mobile homes and integrated plant in buildings to large plant and polar power stations.    ADVANTAGE - Thin-film solar cells must be encapsulated to protect them from environmental influences, e.g. moisture, oxygen and ultraviolet light, and mechanical damage and to provide electrical insulation. An existing method uses vacuum lamination but this uses relatively large amounts of energy and long process times. The present method is quicker, uses less energy and gives satisfactory weathering resistance for outdoor use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing showed a stiffened photovoltaic module.    Photovoltaic module (1)    Thin film solar cell system (2)    Rigid support and encapsulating material, e.g. glass (3)    Second encapsulating material (4)
NOVELTY - A lightweight substrate for a bipolar lead acid battery is provided to improve adhesiveness between the substrate and the lead by plating lead on the surface of the substrate made of plastic material, and extend a long life cycle of the battery by post-treating of quenching the plated substrate into lead melt.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a method for manufacturing a lightweight substrate for a bipolar lead acid battery, the method comprises the steps of plating a substrate made of plastic material with lead; and quenching the lead plated substrate into lead melt. A lead acid battery having an improved weight energy density and a long life cycle can be manufactured by using the lightweight substrate for a bipolar lead acid battery.
NOVELTY - A film for fuel cells, consists of sulfonated body of isobutylene group block copolymer having isobutylene and aromatic vinyl group compound as main component.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed) such as solid polymer fuel cells, pure hydrogen type fuel cells, reforming methanol type fuel cells, direct methanol type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The film is inexpensive and offers fuel cell with excellent chemical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell using the film.
NOVELTY - Reformer, comprises burner; main body (304); combustion tube (CT) for introducing combustion gas into (304); route (305), field fuel route having catalytic layer (CL) and route (308) sequentially formed on CT; and route (309). Route (305) contacts CT at its end. Route (309) communicates with routes (308,305) at rear end of CT. Route (309) covers CT inner wall, and contacts with heat insulating member, CL.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reformer has improved fuel reforming efficiency. The heat insulating member close to rear end of catalyst layer efficiently transmits heat to catalytic layer, and thereby heat loss is reduced and reforming efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reformer (3), comprises main body (304) provided with burner (12) along periphery; combustion tube (CT) (303) for introducing gas to be combusted into (304); route (305), field fuel route (307) having catalytic layer (CL) which reforms fuel supplied and route (308), sequentially formed on CT periphery; and route (309). Route (305) communicates with CT at its end. Route (309) communicates with route (308) and (305) at rear end of CT. Route (309) covers inner wall of CT, and prolongs such that it contacts with heat insulating member and CL.    INDEPENDENT CLAIM are also included for solid polymeric fuel cell electricity generation system comprising modifier for chemically reacting hot gas such as natural gas, town gas and methanol; carbon monoxide transformer for transforming carbon monoxide and a carbon monoxide removal device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (3)    Burner (12)    Combustion tube (303)    Modifier main body (304)    Routes (305,308,309)    Field fuel route (307)    Heat insulating member (310)
NOVELTY - The production of a diaphragm for a vanadium-based redox flow battery comprises: (a) applying molding polymerization to a polymeric composition containing a pyridyl group-bearing vinyl polymeric monomer, a crosslinking agent, and a monofunctional vinyl polymeric monomer, if necessary; (b) converting the pyridyl group into a pyridinium group.    USE - The method produces the diaphragm for the vanadium-based redox flow battery. The diaphragm is used for separating a positive electrode solution from a negative electrode solution. The electrode solutions use vanadium.    ADVANTAGE - The pyridinium group-bearing crosslinked polymer well depresses the permeation of a vanadium ion and has high selective permeation with respect to proton. The result exhibits high charge-discharge efficiency, and high oxidation durability relative to pentavalent vanadium. The resulting diaphragm has a low decrease in the charge-discharge efficiency and allows long-term application. Where, generally, the decrease in the charge-discharge efficiency is observed by repeated charge-discharge, and diaphragm contact with an electrolytic solution. The vanadium-based redox flow battery has high performance.
NOVELTY - A sealing material for a solar battery consists of an ethylene copolymer composition.    USE - The sealing material is used for the solar battery and finds its application in the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silane coupling agent containing the amino group, or the epoxy group provides the sealing material with superior heat resistance and adhesiveness without compromising transparency inherent in the ethylene.polar monomer copolymer and yiedls the sealing material having a storage elastic modulus at 150 degrees C of 1.0 multiplied by ten to the part of 3 Pa or more, preferably, 5.0 multiplied by ten to the part of 3 Pa or more, and a light transmittance of 90% or more, preferably, 91% or more. The sealing material has no fluidity or deformation even if temperature elevation is observed in using the solar battery module without compromising the external appearance of the solar battery. No peroxide is used. The result dramatically increases productivity in producing the solar battery module to dramatically reduce production costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ethylene copolymer composition is formed by blending an ethylene.polar monomer copolymer, 100 parts by weight, containing a polar monomer, 1 percent by weight or more, having a polar group selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylate, a carboxylic acid anhydride,, epoxy group, hydroxyl group, and amino group with a coupling agent, 0.05-5 parts by weight, containing an amino group, or epoxy group. Where, when the polar monomer has the epoxy group only, the coupling agent containing the amino group is used as an essential constituent. When the polar monomer has the hydroxyl group, or the amino group only, the coupling agent containing the epoxy group is used as the essential constituent.
NOVELTY - Bonded-electrode rechargeable electrochemical cell is produced by providing anode and cathode with separator between them, each electrode comprises polymeric matrix composition and the separator comprises microporous polyolefin; and laminating the assembly below threshold temperature and pressure to soften the composition and forming adhesive interface.    USE - For producing bonded-electrode rechargeable electrochemical cell (claimed) for batteries and super-capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides long-sought-after flat, permanently bonded, high capacity, high discharge rate, and thermal shutdown-protected electrochemical cells with excellent performance characteristics and long operating life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of bonded-electrode rechargeable electrochemical cell involves providing an assembly of anode and cathode (12,18) with separator between them, each electrode comprises polymeric matrix composition (13,17), while the separator (16) comprises microporous polyolefin membrane. Each polymeric electrode composition comprises primary plasticizer for the matrix polymer. The electrode composition surface is assembled contiguous to a porous surface of the separator. The assembly is then laminated below threshold temperature and pressure, such that the plasticizer softens the matrix polymer, forming a thermoplastic adhesive interface with the separator surface. The adhesive interface is then cooled to form an adhesive interface between the electrodes and the separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical cell    electrodes (12,18)    polymeric matrix composition (13,17)    separator (16)
NOVELTY - Provided is an airtight battery which controls the transformation of the battery caused by volume change of an electrode group and improves the life of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The airtight battery comprises:    (i) an electrode group(2) which is formed by rolling up an anode, a cathode and a separator insulating the anode and the cathode together;    (ii) a resin thin plate(20) which covers up the outer circumference surface of the electrode group and is fixed by a tape(22);    (iii) a square shaped can(6) which receives the electrode group supported by the resin thin plate and an electrolytic solution and is sealed tightly;    (iv) a cap plate(8) which is welded to the open upper side of the square shaped can; and    (v) a drawing-out terminal(10) which is pierced through the cap plate and is insulated by an insulator.
NOVELTY - A novel porous high molecular electrolytic composition is provided which has good immersion property of liquid electrolyte in high molecular film, shows an ion conductivity of not less than 1,000 second/centimeter at room temperature and contains excellent surface property. And a method for preparing it is also provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the porous high molecular electrolytic composition, liquid electrolyte, where lithium salt is added to an organic solvent, is dipped in fine pores of porous high molecular matrix, where polyvinyl chloride and acrylate polymer are blended with. The method comprises steps of:    (i) blending polyvinyl chloride with acrylate polymer by using a co-solvent;    (ii) after adding plasticizer to the blended solution, casting uniform solution prepared by adding inorganic matter to the plasticizer added solution into a glass plate and then evaporating the co-solvent to obtain a high molecular film;    (iii) dipping the high molecular film in diethyl ether to selectively melt the plasticizer in the film and obtain a porous high molecular film; and    (iv) dipping the porous high molecular film in liquid electrolyte prepared by dissolving at least one lithium salt which is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluorate, lithium bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonyl amide and lithium tetrafluoroborate, in one or more mixture solvent which is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyl lactone, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethoxy ethane, diethoxy ethane and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran.
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte for a lithium ion battery contains a vinylidene fluoride-perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) copolymer having a number-average molecular weight (in polystyrene equivalent) of about 200,000-350,000 and a melting point of 130-145 degreesC, and a lithium salt-dissolvable organic solvent.    USE - The gel electrolyte is used for the lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The vinylidene fluoride-perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) copolymer has improved mechanical properties, particularly, tensile strength under electrolytic solution retaining conditions, and has good electrolytic solution retaining characteristics.
NOVELTY - Providing a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion device and photocell having an improved energy conversion efficiency, especially an open circuit photoelectromotive force.    USE - Used for photoelectric conversion devices.    ADVANTAGE - Has improved energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Semiconductor particles having a dye absorbed in the presence of an anionic sulfonic acid derivative.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a photoelectric conversion device comprising an electrode having the semiconductor particles, a charge transporting layer and a counter electrode; and    (2) a photocell comprising the photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a partial cross-section of a photoelectric conversion device.    Electrically conductive layer (10)    Undercoat (60)    Photosensitive layer (20)    Charge transporting layer (30)    Counter electrode electrically-conductive layer (40)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system is operated by introducing air with stoichiometric rate of 25-140. It has active membrane(s) (2) in between anode layer (4) and cathode layer (3) and has a catalyst, and a fuel supply with access to the anode layer and an air supply (17, 18) having access to the cathode layer. The air is supplied by pressure, passes along the cathode layer, and leaves the system.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The method simplifies stack or similar configuration while the effectivity of the system with reference to energy conversion, volume, and weight are kept favorable. It uses an air flow with a high stoichiometric rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel system comprising cathode layer(s) or a part of the cathode layers that is equipped with air penetrating ducts allowing an air flow parallel to the membrane at the specified flow rate above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section view through a circular fuel cell stack with two blowers.    Active membrane (2)    Cathode layer (3)    Anode layer (4)    Separator plates (5)    Air conducting layer (10)    Channels (11)    Central tube (16)    Air supply (17, 18)    Endplates (19)
NOVELTY - Chemical battery, comprises positive electrode, negative electrode and gel electrolyte containing electrolyte and crosslinked compound of alicyclic epoxy compound and/or alicyclic compound containing epoxy group(s).    USE - The chemical battery is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The gel electrolyte has high electronic conductivity and high adhesion to the electrode. The chemical battery exhibits improved charge-discharge cycle characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a gel electrolyte precursor additionally containing a gelling agent.
NOVELTY - A gel polymer electrolyte composition and a method for manufacturing it are provided which has superior ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical properties and interface property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a polymer electrolyte composition for a secondary battery, the gel polymer electrolyte composition comprises a gel polymer matrix in which an ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt methacrylate is blended with vinylidene fluoride polymer; and an organic solvent to which lithium salts and inorganic materials are added contained in the gel polymer matrix.    In a method for manufacturing a gel polymer electrolyte composition, the method comprises blending the ionomer copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and basic salt methacrylate with the vinylidene fluoride polymer using a cosolvent; and evaporating the cosolvent from the cast solution by casting a homogeneous solution manufactured by adding inorganic materials to the solution onto a glass plate after adding an organic solvent and a lithium salt to the blended solution.
NOVELTY - A gel polymer electrolyte composition and a method for manufacturing it are provided which has superior ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical properties and interface property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a polymer electrolyte composition for a secondary battery, the gel polymer electrolyte composition comprises a gel polymer matrix in which an ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt maleate is blended with vinylidene fluoride polymer; and an organic solvent to which lithium salts and inorganic materials are added contained in the gel polymer matrix.    In a method for manufacturing a gel polymer electrolyte composition, the method comprises blending the ionomer copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and basic salt maleate with the vinylidene fluoride polymer using a cosolvent; and evaporating the cosolvent from the cast solution by casting a homogeneous solution manufactured by adding inorganic materials to the solution onto a glass plate after adding an organic solvent and a lithium salt to the blended solution.
NOVELTY - A gel polymer electrolyte composition and a method for manufacturing it are provided. The gel has superior ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical properties and interface property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a polymer electrolyte composition for a secondary battery, the gel polymer electrolyte composition comprises a gel polymer matrix in which an ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt itaconate is blended with vinylidene fluoride polymer; and an organic solvent to which lithium salts and inorganic materials are added contained in the gel polymer matrix.    In a method for manufacturing a gel polymer electrolyte composition, the method comprises blending the ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt itaconate with the vinylidene fluoride polymer using a cosolvent; and evaporating the cosolvent from the cast solution by casting a homogeneous solution manufactured by adding inorganic materials to the solution onto a glass plate after adding an organic solvent and a lithium salt to the blended solution.
NOVELTY - A porous polymer electrolyte composition and a method for manufacturing it are provided which has superior ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and interface property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a polymer electrolyte composition for a secondary battery, the porous polymer electrolyte composition comprises a porous polymer matrix in which an ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt maleate is blended with vinylidene fluoride polymer; and a liquid electrolyte in which lithium salts are added to an organic solvent impregnating pores of the porous polymer matrix.    In a method for manufacturing the polymer electrolyte composition for a secondary battery, the method comprises the steps of blending the ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt maleate and the vinylidene fluoride polymer using a cosolvent; obtaining a polymer film after adding a plasticizer to the blended solution for producing porous structures, casting a homogeneous solution manufactured by adding inorganic materials to the solution onto a glass plate and evaporating the cosolvent from the cast solution; obtaining a porous polymer film by impregnating the polymer film into methanol or diethylether, thereby selectively melting the plasticizer only in the film; and impregnating the porous polymer film into a liquid electrolyte manufactured by dissolving a lithium salt of 5 to 30 wt.% based on the polymer weight of one salt selected from the group consisting of lithium per chloride, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium triflate, lithium bis trifluoro methyl sulfonyl amide and lithium tetrafluoroborate into a solvent of 50 to 300 wt.% based on the polymer weight of one or more mixed solvents selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethoxy ethane, diethoxy ethane and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran.
NOVELTY - A porous polymer electrolyte composition and its manufacture are provided which has superior ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and interface property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a polymer electrolyte composition for a secondary battery, the porous polymer electrolyte composition comprises a porous polymer matrix in which an ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt itaconate is blended with vinylidene fluoride polymer; and a liquid electrolyte in which lithium salts are added to an organic solvent impregnating pores of the porous polymer matrix.    In a method for manufacturing the polymer electrolyte composition for a secondary battery, the method comprises the steps of blending the ionomer copolymerized by methyl methacrylate and basic salt itaconate and the vinylidene fluoride polymer using a cosolvent; obtaining a polymer film after adding a plasticizer to the blended solution for producing porous structures, casting a homogeneous solution manufactured by adding inorganic materials to the solution onto a glass plate and evaporating the cosolvent from the cast solution; obtaining a porous polymer film by impregnating the polymer film into methanol or diethylether, thereby selectively melting only plasticizer in the film; and impregnating the porous polymer film into a liquid electrolyte manufactured by dissolving a lithium salt of 5 to 30 wt.% based on the polymer weight of one salt selected from the group consisting of lithium per chloride, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium triflate, lithium bis trifluoro methyl sulfonyl amide and lithium tetrafluoroborate into a solvent of 50 to 300 wt.% based on the polymer weight of one or more mixed solvents selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethoxy ethane, diethoxy ethane and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran.
NOVELTY - A lithium electrochemical cell comprises a wound electrode assembly including an anode sheet comprising lithium, a cathode sheet comprising manganese dioxide, and an electrolyte permeable separator sheet. One of the opposing side edges of the separator sheet is heat treated after the assembly is wound to form a separator membrane covering the edge(s) of the cathode sheet.    USE - The cell is used e.g., as a power source for photographic flash cameras.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has separator membrane, which improves electrical insulation around the wound electrode assembly, leading to an increased cell capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium electrochemical cell comprises a wound electrode assembly (70). The assembly includes an anode sheet (40) comprising lithium, a cathode sheet (62) comprising manganese dioxide, and an electrolyte permeable separator sheet (50) between the anode and cathode sheets. One of the opposing side edges of the separator sheet is heat treated after the assembly is wound to form a separator membrane (55) covering the edge(s) of the cathode sheet.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming the wound electrode assembly. The method involves placing the electrolyte permeable separator sheet between the anode and cathode sheets, and winding the sheets into a spiral roll. A heat source is then applied to an exposed edge of each revolution of the separator sheet, causing then the separator sheet edge to melt and transform into a separator membrane covering an edge of each revolution of the cathode sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial cross-sectional elevation view of the lithium electrochemical cell.    Casing (20)    Anode sheet (40)    Electrolyte permeable separator sheet (50)    Separator membrane (55)    Cathode sheet (62)    Wound electrode assembly (70)
NOVELTY - The dust-proof and weather-resistant photovoltaic module (2) has a front substrate of light transmittable safety glass plate (1) and a back substrate of weather-resistant polyester polymer. A photosensitizer having electrical circuit copper foils and polymeric enclosing material, is located between the front and back substrates. A photocatalyst semiconductor material (3) is applied on the safety glass plate.    USE - For converting light into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module overcomes adherence of air pollutants to the surface of module and conventional problems with adhesion and uniformity of applied semiconductor material. The organic pollutants such as dust and dirt flow away from the surface of photovoltaic module. The semiconductor material is inexpensive, and has high chemical stability, non-toxicity and easy activation under a wavelength of less than 400 nm. The acid reagent added into the semiconductor material improves adherence of semiconductor material to substrate, without degrading its activity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic graph showing mechanism of photovoltaic module.    Glass plate (1)    Photovoltaic module (2)    Semiconductor material (3)
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte is formed by swelling fluorine containing polymer (FCP) by impregnating in a non-aqueous electrolyte. FCP comprises 35-99 mol% of repeating units of vinylidene fluoride (VF), 1-50 mol% of repeating units of tetrafluoro ethylene (TFE) and 0-20 mol% monomer copolymerized with VF and TFE. The vinylidene group copolymer has melting point of 80degreesC or more and degree of crystallinity of 20-80%.    USE - For lithium primary battery (claimed) used in portable electric power unit.    ADVANTAGE - The gel electrolyte is excellent in ionic conductivity, fracture strength and film strength. The thin lithium primary battery using the gel electrolyte, is highly safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium primary battery which has the gel electrolyte provided between positive electrode and negative plate.
NOVELTY - An ion conductor comprises a substance having acid functional group chemical bonded with the inorganic substance, in a polymeric material or polyelectrolyte material.    USE - As proton conductor used for solid polymer electrolyte film of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell, which is used as low pollution power source for motor vehicles, and for electrolysis of water cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor has excellent stable ionic conductivity (electric conductivity) and material strength. High battery output is obtained efficiently.
NOVELTY - A binder for a lithium ion secondary battery consists of polymer particles containing a conductive polymer and a non-conductive polymer.    USE - Useful in a note type personal computer and a portable telephone set.    ADVANTAGE - An electrode excellent in integrity is provided.
NOVELTY - A regenerative fuel cell (RFC) is operated by using sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte with a charge of 1.8-2.5 for at least a part of a charge/discharge cycle. The charge is defined as the ratio of total number of sulfur present in the sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte to the total number of negative charge units carried by sulfur.    USE - For operating RFC for storing and delivering electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The invention shows that operating the RFC such that the charge of the sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte enters within 1.8-2.5 reduces the rate of diffusion of sulfide through the membrane and also reduces the overpotential on the negative side of the cell during charging resulting in an increase in the efficiency of the cell. The cell can operate with an average cell efficiency of 56%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Operation of a regenerative fuel cell (RFC) uses sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte with a charge of 1.8-2.5 for at least a part of a charge/discharge cycle. The charge is defined as the ratio of total number of sulfur present in the sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte to the total number of negative charge units carried by sulfur. One unit of negative charge is equivalent to the charge on an electron. The cell comprises two half-cells separated by a cation-exchange membrane (16), being a halogen/halide electrolyte in one half of the cell, a sulfide/polysulfide electrolyte in the other half of the cell and cations in both halves of the cell that act as charge carriers in between.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of an electrochemical reduction-oxidation cell.    Cation-exchange membrane (16)
NOVELTY - The modified olefin resin layer containing acid receiving agent, is provided between the aluminum foil and the olefin resin layer. The thickness of olefin resin layer and modified layer are 10-100 microns and 1-20 microns, respectively.    USE - For electronic machines such as mobile communication apparatus, book-type personal computer, palm top type personal computer, integrated video camera, portable CD player, head phone stereo and cordless telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents peeling of olefin resin layer by hydrofluoric acid generated from an electrolyte substance, and provides light weight, small-sized and durable battery efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte cell (1) comprises a solid electrolyte (13) having electrolyte salt dispersed in matrix polymer between a positive electrode (12) having a current collector (10) and an active material (11), and a negative electrode (9) having a current collector (7) and an active material (8). A diene compound is contained in at least one of positive electrode, negative electrode and solid electrolyte.    USE - As primary and secondary solid electrolyte cell e.g. lithium ion secondary cell for portable electronic equipment such as camera built-in video tape recorder and mobile information terminal.    ADVANTAGE - The diene compound in the cell captures active oxygen generated in the cell, thus oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte components in the cell is prevented to maintain superior cell characteristics. The solid electrolyte cell of thin type or large-sized, has different shapes e.g. cylindrical, square or coin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross sectional view of solid electrolyte.    Solid electrolyte cell (1)    Element cell (2)    Current collector (7,10)    Active material (8)    Negative electrode (9)    Active material (11)    Positive electrode (12)    Solid electrolyte (13)    First and second solid electrolyte layers (13a,13b)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte composition comprises a polymer compound formed from polymerizing an ionic liquid crystal monomer containing polymerizable group(s).    USE - For use in an electrochemical cell and a non-aqueous secondary cell and in a charge-transferring layer of a photoelectrochemical cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte composition exhibits excellent durability and ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an ionic liquid crystal monomer of formula (Ia).    Qa = organic atomic group which can form a heterocyclic cation containing nitrogen atom or a quat. alkylammonium cation;    R1 = alkyl or alkenyl;    R2 = substituent which imparts liquid crystallinity;    X1 = anion;    Ya = polymerizable group comprising ethylenically unsaturated group which substitutes on R1, R2 or Qa;    n1 = 1-25; and    m1 = 1-4.    The compound of formula (Ia) may be connected to each other at R1 or R2 to form a dimer, trimer or tetramer.
NOVELTY - An oxygen-containing stream (A) is distributed in presence of hydrogen rich gas throughout the reactor having a catalyst bed (200) which contains an oxidation catalyst (210). The operating temperature of the reactor is maintained at desired range, and the content of carbon monoxide is reduced.    USE - For reducing the carbon monoxide content of a hydrogen rich gas (claimed), for producing hydrogen rich product with higher and lower levels of carbon monoxide, used in conjunction with compact fuel processors and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide content is selectively oxidized to carbon dioxide, hence the content of carbon monoxide is reduced effectively. A higher concentration of oxygen in the feed stream favors partial oxidation. The preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide is favored at low temperatures, hence the operating temperature of the process is 90-150 degrees C, by this process the carbon monoxide content is reduced to less than 50 ppm, which is a suitable level for use in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) An apparatus for selectively reducing the carbon monoxide content of a hydrogen rich gas; and    (2) A reactor module for use in a compact fuel processor for selectively reducing the carbon monoxide content of a hydrogen rich gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an improved apparatus for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide.    Catalyst bed (200)    Oxidation catalyst (210)    Oxygen-containing stream (A)
NOVELTY - Bridged polymer membrane produced as follows is new: (a) preparing a solution containing a basic polymer (with amine-functional repeat units), a bridging reagent and a basic catalyst in a solvent; (b) casting the solution to form a film; (c) removing the solvent; (d) performing the bridging reaction in the film; and (e) doping the film with a strong acid.    USE - Membrane-electrode units (claimed) comprising at least one electrode and at least one membrane as above are useful in fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - It is implied (but not stated) that using the basic catalyst increases the mechanical strength of the membrane (compare WO200044816).
NOVELTY - A low-reflection laminate comprises a support and an optical interference layer(s) formed on at least one side of the support.    USE - The low-reflection laminates obtained can be used in solar cells, solar water heating appliances, liquid crystal displays, and automotive windows.    ADVANTAGE - The laminates obtained have low reflectance and are transparent and difficult to scratch.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A low-reflection laminate comprises a support and an optical interference layer(s) formed on at least one side of the support, at least one of the optical interference layers is formed by applying a solution containing a monomer or an oligomer of an organic titanium compound of formula (I) or their hydrolyzed product(s) and drying and has a medium to high refractive index of 1.55-2.25, and the solution contains 50.0-98.0 mass%, on a solid basis, monomer or oligomer of the organic titanium compound or their hydrolyzed product(s) and 0.5-20 mss% binder.    Ti(OR1)4 (I);    R1 = 1-8C aliphatic hydrocarbon.
NOVELTY - The module comprises m-number of solar cells connected in series by strings and having a by-pass diode (5) interconnected between the solar cells. A resin film covering the front and back surfaces of the solar-cell module seals the surface area of connection node of successive solar cells where the by-pass diode is connected.    USE - Integrated by-pass diode solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature rise of the by-pass diode is prevented by the provision of the resin film whose degradation and damage are prevented by the specified assembly of the structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of the integrated by-pass diode solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    By-pass diode (5)
NOVELTY - The solar cell panel (1) has a light incident front panel (4) containing 30-60 volume% of silica and a back panel (5) containing unsaturated polyester. The coefficient of linear expansion of the light incident front panel and the back panel is 1.5x10power-5 to 3x10power-5 /degreesC. The difference between them is less than 0.5x10power-5 /degreesC.    USE - Solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell panel with high transmittance can be manufactured at low cost. Also generation of crack in the solar cell panel due to the temperature changes is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell panel manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the solar cell panel.    Solar cell panel (1)    Front panel (4)    Back panel (5)
NOVELTY - A crystalline photoelectric conversion layer (4) is formed on an amorphous photoelectric conversion layer (3) by plasma chemical vapor deposition while maintaining the temperature at 150-200 degreesC, pressure of plasma reaction chamber at 600 Pa or more and the flow rate ratio of hydrogen and silane group gas at 50 or more.    USE - For manufacturing hybrid thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The quality of the cell is improved by increasing conversion efficiency by forming the photoelectric conversion layer at specified condition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hybrid thin film solar cell.    Amorphous photoelectric conversion layer (3)    Crystalline photoelectric conversion layer (4)
NOVELTY - A glass substrate (50) mounted with optoelectric transducer, straw paper (52), sealing resin sheet and protective sheet, are laminated by melting the sealing resin to form a multilayered structure.    USE - For manufacturing photoelectric conversion device e.g. solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the removal operation of the resin from the substrate surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front elevation view of the multilayered structure of the photoelectric conversion device.    Glass substrate (50)    Straw paper (52)
NOVELTY - The space between a substrate (1) which is heated at temperature 80-200degreesC and a counter electrode is 3-14 mm. A hydrogen raw material is introduced into the reaction chamber at a predetermined rate with a pressure of 600-6000Pa. An electric power at high frequency of 10-120 MHz is impressed to the electrodes with power density of 100-1000 mW/cm2 to form crystalline silicon thin film (4) at velocity 12-100 nm/min.    USE - For forming crystalline silicon thin film used as photosensitive layer for photoconductive drum of copier, thin film transistor array for liquid crystal display panel, thin film solar cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Thin film of good quality can be formed quickly and reliably at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of hybrid thin film solar cell lamination structure.    Substrate (1)    Crystalline silicon thin film (4)
NOVELTY - A portion of electrode film (4) and semiconductor film (3) of solar cell are removed by irradiating a laser beam whose edge rising width is less than 7 mum and pulse width is less than 20 nanoseconds.    USE - For manufacturing integrated thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents poor electric insulation between electrode films.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the integrated thin film solar cell.    Semiconductor film (3)    Electrode film (4)
NOVELTY - A positive and negative electrodes (1) include activated charcoal and polyvinylidene fluoride binder containing carboxylic acid.    USE - For electrical double layer capacitor (claimed) used in solar power generator unit, electric vehicle, electric storage system such as lithium secondary battery, nickel hydrogen battery, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The capacitance per unit volume is large as a specific activated charcoal is used. The adhesion of an electrode layer and a collector is excellent. Capacitor of low internal resistance and high output is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrical double layer capacitor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional diagram of the capacitor.    Electrodes (1)
NOVELTY - A silicon crystal solar cell is formed on the rear side of a sensor pigment-type solar cell. The sensor pigment-type solar cell has a metallic oxide thin film (4) on the anode, with several sensor pigments (6).    USE - Composite solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency per unit area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the composite solar cell.    Metallic oxide thin film (4)    Sensor pigment (6)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen produced at the time of electrolysis of water is converted into an electric power using a fuel cell mechanism. During the quality analysis of water electrolysis, the electric power is reduced.    USE - Oxygen production supply system for industrial and domestic purposes.    ADVANTAGE - Enables producing the high purity oxygen easily. Manufacturing cost is reduced. Power consumption is reduced. Dimensional size is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the oxygen production supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The device provided to a fuel cell, has a layer of catalyst (2) for selective oxidation packed in a cylindrical container (1). Multiple vertical heat pipes (3) are embedded in the packing. Reformed gas from the fuel cell and oxidizing gas are introduced in the container for selective oxidation.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The heat pipes arranged in the catalyst packed container, control the temperature of the catalyst layer appropriately and the device is capable of reducing CO concentration to an ultra-low level.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst layer packed in the container is of Ru group catalyst. The flow rate ratio of the reformed gas and the oxidizing gas introduced in the container is set to form the stoichiometric mixture ratio of O2 and CO as two or more.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal and lateral cross-sectional views of the CO removal device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylindrical container (1)    Catalyst (2)    Heat pipes (3)
NOVELTY - A fuel-cell system has a fuel (5) which generates electricity using reformed gas of a vaporization fuel. A modifier (4) generates reformed gas from the vaporization fuel. Generation of reformed gas is set to a maximum value such that necessary amount of reformed gas is available for electricity generation, in a regular basis.    USE - As fuel-cell system for generation of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel-cell system has improved efficiency and the consumption of fuel is reduced. The amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (4)    Fuel cell (5)
NOVELTY - The contact angle of water with a light-receiving surface outer layer (309) of a surface coating lamination portion (312), is at least 110 degrees. The lamination portion has ultraviolet absorber containing inorganic compound of critical surface tension of 15-35 mN/m, and organo silicon.    USE - For use as building materials.    ADVANTAGE - Improves snow adhesivity and eliminates the snow, hence improves the weather resistance. Design of solar-cell module with respect to building strength is simplified, and prevents accident by snow dropping.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar-cell array;    (2) Building material integrated solar cell;    (3) Wall material integrated solar cell; and    (4) Roof integrated solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar-cell module.    Light-receiving surface outer layer (309)    Lamination portion (312)
NOVELTY - A cover glass (1) used as a substrate improves the resistance to radiation characteristics of the solar cell. A crystalline thin film of the compound semiconductors (3-5) acting as a photovoltaic conversion element is formed on the cover glass using metal organic chemical vapor deposition system.    USE - Solar cell used as main power source in man-made satellite in space.    ADVANTAGE - As the semiconductor thin film is formed with the cover glass, the need to attach the cover glass to solar cell using adhesive is completely eliminated, thereby reducing the weight and manufacturing cost of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of a compound semiconductor type solar cell.    Cover glass (1)    Semiconductors (3-5)
NOVELTY - A proton-conducting membrane comprises a phase-separated structure containing: (a) a carbon-containing phase containing at least 80 vol.% carbon-containing compound and (b) an inorganic phase containing at least 80 vol.% inorganic acid. The inorganic phase forms the continuous ion-conducting paths.    USE - Membrane for fuel cell (claimed) using methanol or methane.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has excellent resistance to heat, durability, dimensional stability and fuel barrier characteristics. It exhibits excellent proton conductivity at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing the membrane comprising:    (i) preparing a mixture of carbon-containing compound having hydrolyzable silyl group(s) and inorganic acid,    (ii) forming the mixture into a film and    (iii) hydrolyzing/condensing the silyl group to form a three-dimensionally crosslinked silicon-oxygen structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sea-island phase-separated structure constituting the proton-conducting membrane.    Carbon-containing phase (1)    Inorganic phase (2)
NOVELTY - A nano-powder material containing particles of a solid solution is formulated with a controlled overall composition, to form a compound film (54). The nano-powder material is deposited on a substrate to form a layer (52) on the substrate. The layer is reacted in at least one suitable atmosphere to form the compound film.    USE - For forming compound film such as polycrystalline thin film of semiconductor for active or passive electronic component and device application, in particular for fabricating radiation detector or solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The compound film with improved quality is formed continuously using the nano-powder material. The nano-powder material contains soft solid solution particles, hence mechanical grinding or milling for size reduction is prevented. Fabrication using nano-powder material is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Semiconductor compound film; and    (2) Powder material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart showing the process of forming Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 compound thin films.    Layer (52)    Compound film (54)
NOVELTY - Providing a compact ammonia-based hydrogen generating apparatus for use with fuel cells and other applications that operates at a relatively low temperature, yet does not require a significant volume of adsorbent to be employed to remove residual ammonia from the product.    USE - Used for fuel cells in the field of military and commercial applications.    ADVANTAGE - The reaction chamber loaded with ammonium decomposition catalyst has light-off temperature below 600 degrees C, enabling the reactor to be constructed with any standard non-refractory materials like titanium or stainless steel, which provides good thermal conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reactor core has a reaction surface and combustion surface with two sets of spaced apart fins extending outwardly from reaction and combustion surfaces. The two sets of fins have combustion channels and reaction channels defining gas flow paths. The flow paths created by the set of channels are straight or zig-zag. The reactor is fabricated from a non-refractory material such as titanium or stainless steel. The reactor chamber is loaded with an ammonium decomposition catalyst with light-off temperature below 600 degrees C. The ammonium decomposition catalyst such as ruthenium or nickel is either packed in the reaction channel or coated on the internal surface of the flow channels in the reaction chamber. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of generating hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of primary components of ammonia based hydrogen generation apparatus.    Reactor (18)    Ammonia supply (12)    Adsorbent supply (14)    Heat exchanger (16)    Ammonia-based hydrogen generation apparatus (10)    Heat source (20)    Fuel cell (22)    Hydrocarbon fuel supply (26)
NOVELTY - A response is induced in a long-lived electrochemical device by contacting a conjugated polymer (10, 14) working electrode and a counter electrode with an ionic liquid (18) having an anion and a cation. A voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode.    USE - For inducing response in long-lived electrochemical devices, e.g. actuators, electrochemical capacitors, batteries (claimed), fuel cells, electrochromic devices, light emitting electrochemical cells, sensors, and photoelectrochemical solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides devices having great stability and long life.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view of the electrochromic device.    Conjugated polymer (10, 14)    Ionic liquid (18)    Electronic power supply (20)
NOVELTY - A porous light receiving layer (4) consisting of titanium oxide, is arranged between a surface electrode (3) and a counter electrode (5). A collector (10) made of a material whose electrical resistance is smaller than that of the surface electrode, contacts the surface electrode.    USE - Solar cell for satellite, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the electroconductivity of the surface electrode. Hence, provides sufficient photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Surface electrode (3)    Porous light receiving layer (4)    Counter electrode (5)    Collector (10)
NOVELTY - The short circuit between the upper and lower electrode layers (7,2) formed on substrate (1), is prevented by etching the portion of the electrode layers at the edge of the substrate, and by spraying fine ground particles (22) using compressed air on the etched portion.    USE - For finishing process of solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids need for acid cleaning after etching. Reduces cost of manufacture of solar cell panel, and improves industrial value of panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view indicating the solar cell panel finishing method.    Substrate (1)    Lower electrode layer (2)    Upper electrode layer (7)    Spraying fine ground particle (22)
NOVELTY - A convex type slope is formed as boundary surface between the nitride semiconductor layers (3,4) and between nitride semiconductor layers (5,6).    USE - For solar cell, photosensor and other electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces penetration transposition and enables thick film formation of nitride semiconductor on substrate. Favorable life span property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for nitride semiconductor substrate formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the nitride semiconductor substrate.    Nitride semiconductor layers (3-6)
NOVELTY - An ablation plasma is irradiated from a target and vapor-deposited on a processed substrate (18) to form a polycrystalline silicon thin film. The film formed on the substrate has high crystallinity, and is produced without annealing.    USE - For producing polycrystalline silicon thin film for thin-film transistors, solar cells, periphery circuit of liquid crystal display and electrodes of silicon integrated circuit.    ADVANTAGE - The polycrystalline thin film has high crystallinity and does not require annealing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ablation plasma is irradiated from an ion beam source separated at a fixed distance from a solid target (17). The target and the source are placed inside separate boxes (11,12) maintained under vacuum condition. The plasma is vapor-deposited on a processed substrate (18) by ion-beam vapor deposition method. A polycrystalline silicon thin film having high crystallinity is formed on the substrate without annealing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of the apparatus used for producing polycrystalline thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Boxes (11,12)    Target (17)    Substrate (18)
NOVELTY - Polysilane derivatives comprising specific repeated unit, wherein a crown ether side chain enveloping various ions and functional groups bonds to a polysilane principal chain.    USE - Product is used in organic EL elements, camera elements, solar cell and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Product provides high electric conductivity because of ions and functional groups enveloped by crown ether added to polysilane principal chains.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polysilane derivatives comprises a repeated unit of formula (1), wherein a crown ether side chain is bonded to a polysilane principal chain.    R,R1,R2 = linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group;    n = arbitrary integer;    x = 1-3
NOVELTY - A processing unit (31) forms hydrogen from raw material gas which consists of hydrocarbon fuel and air by oxidation and water vapor modification reaction. The modifier (30) includes a humidification unit (40) which exhausts the water vapor contained in the battery exhaust gas from fuel cell (10).    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Process efficiency can be improved as the need for a separate heat source to enable vaporization in modifier is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell equipped with a modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (10)    Modifier (30)    Processing unit (31)    Humidification unit (40)
NOVELTY - A fuel-cell water ingredient gas-purification catalyst contains platinum black dispersed on the surface containing complex oxides of manganese oxide, cobalt tetra oxide, copper oxide-chromium oxide (2CuOasteriskCr2O3) and silver oxide.    USE - For purifying hydrogen gas to fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel-cell water ingredient gas-purification catalyst enables the selective oxidation removal of carbon monoxide from hydrogen gas containing high concentration of carbon monoxide. The poisoning of the platinum electrode is prevented. The catalyst works effectively at room temperature and has high electricity generating efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel-cell anode electrode catalyst which contains a platinum-black layer formed on the surface containing the complex oxides.
NOVELTY - The modifier comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe with an oxidation-reaction tube (ORT) packed with an oxidation catalyst, a modification-reaction tube (MRT) packed with a modification catalyst between the inner and outer pipes and a burner which heats the modifier, in the upper end of ORT. Hydrocarbon gas, water vapor and air are circulated in the ORT and in the MRT and the hydrocarbon gas is modified.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed), for producing hydrogen as a fuel for solid polymer fuel cell or phosphoric acid type fuel cell or solid-electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier is compact by integrating oxidation-reaction device and water vapor modification-reaction device. Energy loss and starting time of the modifier are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier contains a double pipe containing a concentric inner and outer pipe with an interval. The inner pipe is provided with an oxidation-reaction tube packed with an oxidation catalyst. A modification-reaction tube packed with a modification catalyst is provided between the inner and outer pipes. A burner which heats the modifier is provided to the upper end of the oxidation-reaction tube. Hydrocarbon gas, water vapor and air are circulated from the upper end in the oxidation-reaction tube. Oxidation reaction of the gases is performed and the gases are circulated from the lower end of the oxidation-reaction tube, in the modification-reaction tube. The hydrocarbon gas is modified. The hydrocarbon gas modifier performs internal combustion-type modification.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A crucible (4) accommodating silicon raw material (3a) is mounted on a tyl plate (8) comprising lattice and penetration portions arranged alternately. Heaters (7a,7b) are arranged to melt the raw material into molten metal (3). The crucible is cooled by thermal radiation from the penetration portion.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces production time of the polycrystalline silicon reliably as the cooling time of molten metal is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Molten metal (3)    silicon raw material (3a)    Crucible (4)    Heaters (7a,7b)    Tyl plate (8)
NOVELTY - Cermet catalyst for oxidizing reaction comprises metal phase, which may be the alloy prepared from one or more metals and non-metal elements, such as Ni, Co, Fe, Ti, Ni-Pt, Fe-C, etc., and ceramic phase, which may be any raw material of ceramics, such as Al2O3, Y2O3, CaO-TiO2, WC, Ca-Mg-O, MgO, etc.    USE - Cermet catalyst for high-temperature, high-space-speed and strong-heat-release reaction, especially oxidizing reaction for preparing synthesis gas from methane, or preparing nitrogen oxide or SO3 from ammonia
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system and its control method capable of removing condensed water only from a place where flooding is generated, without deteriorating an electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane (10) which is a solid high-molecular membrane is sandwiched by an anode (12) and a cathode (14) and these are sandwiched by collectors (16). Furthermore, these are sandwiched by separators (18), thereby constituting a fuel cell (30). Heating means is arranged on the separator (18) and its switch (20) is turned ON when the moisture for hydration of the electrolyte member (10) is condensed, so that current is supplied to the heating means from a power source (22) so as to evaporate the condensed water. This rapidly eliminates flooding.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell, comprising a membrane electrode composite formed by disposing catalyst layers on both surfaces of an electrolytic membrane to prevent a damage to the electrolytic membrane and facilitate the assembly process of the cell, first and second gas diffusion layers disposed on both surfaces of the membrane electrode composite, a separator for feeding reaction gas to the first and second gas diffusion layers, and gaskets for sealing the reaction gas, wherein the gaskets are formed on the surfaces of the gas diffusion layers opposedly to the separator, at least the gasket forming portions of the gas diffusion layers are low inn porosity than the portions in contact with the catalyst layers, and the gaskets disposed on the first and second gas diffusion layers are formed integrally with each other through a through-hole commonly passing at least the first and second gas diffusion layers.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of metal silicon comprises forming a burnt ash by burning cereal hulls, forming into a solid body by adding a disaccharide to the burnt ash and placing in an electrical discharge chamber.    USE - metal silicon is produced for use in semiconductors, optical fibers, solar cells, fine ceramics etc.    ADVANTAGE - Waste matter such as rice hulls can be easily used to produced useful materials.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the manufacture process of metallic silicon. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Rice Hulls (1)    Burnt Ash (2)    Saccharose (3)    Pellets (4)    Crucible (5)    Opening (6)    Graphite Rod (7)    Carbon Dioxide (8)    Metal Silicon (9)
NOVELTY - Providing a production method for SWNT that is less expensive, high yielding, and preferably suitable for mass production of SWNT material.    USE - The process is for the preparation of a SWNT (claimed). SWNT may be used for the storage of hydrogen in fuel-cell electric vehicles. It can be useful as transistor and resistor devices for electronic and computer industries. It can also be used as scanning tunneling microscopy/atomic force microscopy (STM/AFM) (sic) tip for surface testing and analyzing, storage media for hydrogen gas and matrix for field emission display. The carbon nanotube can also be used as molecular pumps or drug release devices.    ADVANTAGE - By growing SWNT material within the specified growth temperature range, it is possible to achieve higher yields of SWNT and minimize production of amorphous carbon and other side products. The SWNT material produced according to the method minimizes problems associated with purification steps, e.g., breakage or damage to the SWNT material at lower temperatures. Equipment and processing costs are lowered. Compatibility with substrates that cannot be used at higher temperatures is provided. The invention provides an inexpensive process for the mass production of SWNT material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Chemical vapor deposition for the preparation of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) comprises providing methane gas and a supported iron-containing catalyst to a chemical vapor deposition chamber and decomposing the methane in the presence of the catalyst to grow single-wall carbon nanotubes at 670-800 degrees C.
NOVELTY - A low crystalline silicon thin film (7A) formed on a substrate (1) reacts with a catalyst containing hydrogen under the action of electric and magnetic fields. The catalyst reacted thin film undergoes crystallization by annealing to form a polycrystalline silicon thin film (7).    USE - For forming a polycrystalline semiconductor thin film for the manufacture of semiconductor devices such as MOSTFT used in optoelectronic devices (claimed) such as LCDs, organic EL displays, FEDs and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed easily at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an electro-optical device;    (2) the production of a semiconductor device; and    (3) a polycrystalline semiconductor thin film formation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the production of an MOSTFT. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Polycrystalline silicon thin film (7)    Low crystalline silicon thin film (7A)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has silver electrodes (5,6) which are covered by lead free solder layer (8) like Sn-Bi-Ag and Sn-Ag solder.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains favorable cell characteristics without environmental problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Interconnector for solar cell;and    (2) String.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar cell.    Silver electrodes (5,6)    Lead free solder layers (8)
NOVELTY - A supply unit supplies heating gas into a reaction tube (1) comprising a fuel modification catalyst layer, so as to produce hydrogen gas from the fuel and water vapor in the reaction tube. An ejection unit ejects the produced hydrogen gas. A metal oxide layer (3) is formed under the catalyst layer to absorb carbon dioxide present in the fuel.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Produces hydrogen of high purity and eliminates top heat tracing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel modification method which involves introducing hydrogen and carbon dioxide to the reaction tube. Carbon dioxide is absorbed selectively by the metal oxide layer. Hydrogen flown out of the metal oxide layer, is supplied to the lower portion of the catalyst layer for modification reaction. The fuel modification catalyst layer is heated and decarboxylation reaction of metal carbonate is performed. Finally carbon dioxide and metal oxide are recovered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction tube (1)    Metal oxide layer (3)
NOVELTY - Sampling pipes (7a-7e) for gas extraction is provided to the wall surface of the box (1) in which modifier, transformer and carbon monoxide removal device are accommodated.    USE - Fuel cell power device.    ADVANTAGE - Gas inspection apparatus is easily connected by the provision of sampling pipes. Thus gas inspection is performed easily and the structure is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the fuel cell power device.    Box (1)    Sampling pipes (7a-7e)
NOVELTY - Production of a tetrafluoroethylene polymer comprises polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) in an aq. medium in the presence of a water-soluble polymerization initiator. The water used in the polymerization is regulated to have at most 100 ppb TOC and/or at most 1.0 muS/cm electrical conductivity.    USE - The polymer is used as a fine powder for starting materials of high-strength tapes and fuel cell adhesives, and as a molding powder for high-strength molded products.    ADVANTAGE - The polymerization rate shows little decrease or fluctuation, and the polymer has high-strength and shows little reduction of material properties.
NOVELTY - Method for catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons or alcohols is carried out as several partial reactions in a network of microreactors Rn (n = 1, 2, etc.). These are connected by channels Kmj (m=1, 2, etc.; j=2, 3, etc.) through which starting materials and reaction products flow between reaction chambers RRp (p = 1, 2, etc.), the process being controlled.    USE - In the production of hydrogen for fuel cells used to power vehicles from petroleum, diesel oil, methanol or methane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for apparatus for carrying out the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a microreactor network. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)    Interconnecting channels (KMj)    Microreactors (Rn)    Reaction chambers (RRp)
NOVELTY - Dye-sensitized solar cell comprises a transparent substrate on which a transparent conductive film is formed, a conductive substrate so disposed as to be opposed to the transparent conductive film, a porous semiconductor layer adsorbing a dye and disposed between the transparent conductive film and the conductive substrate, and an electrolyte also disposed between the transparent conductive film.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - By adopting such a constitution, there is an advantage that the composition of the electrolyte of a dye-sensitized solar cell is readily controlled, and the manufacturing process is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell is such that a gel electrolyte or a polymer solid electrolyte is used as the electrolyte which has a net structure containing a redox material and composed by crosslinking a compound A having at least one isocyanate group and any one of compounds B to D: B is a compound having at least one amino group, C is a compound having at least one carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group, and D is a compound reactive with at least one isocyanate group.
NOVELTY - Nontoxic fuel cell engine coolant comprises: (1) electrical resistivity of 250 kOhm-cm; (2) boiling point of 90degreesC; (3) thermal conductivity of 0.4 W/m-k; (4) viscosity of 1 mPa.s at 80degreesC and 6 mPa.s at 0degreesC; and (5) heat capacity of 3 kJ/kg-K. It is compatible with current cooling system materials.    USE - Nontoxic fuel cell engine coolant for use as fuel cell engine heat exchange coolant/antifreeze for cooling systems of fuel cell powered vehicles and/or equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive coolant has high electrical resistance, nonconductive and manifests corrosion resistant properties, thus protecting the fuel cell from shorting out and prevents electrical hazards. It has an electrical resistivity of more than 250 kOhm-cm. It can be formulated to various concentrations, thus achieving freeze points of 40 (degreesF or degreesC). It offers more favorable boiling points, e.g. 234degreesC, in aqueous solutions than traditional ethylene glycol (EG) based coolants. It has thermal conductivity, viscosity, and heat capacity comparable to EG based coolants. It has better durability than EG based coolants, thus offering closed, lifetime-filled low or no maintenance coolant system. It is compatible with, e.g. aluminum or elastomer materials. It is less toxic and less palatable than the EG based coolant. The cost of the coolant over the life of the system is comparable to existing premium coolants.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the comparison of aqueous solution freeze point characteristics of 1,3-propanediol and GM 6043.
NOVELTY - A plenum (28) filled with a mixture of additives is defined between an interior wall of an outer container (24) and an inner tank (22). Hydrocarbon fuel filled in the inner tank is mixed with the additives upon rupture of assembly.    USE - For a liquid feed direct oxidation fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The additive substances are mixed with the fuel to provide color, taste and odor to fuel, enhancing recognizability of the fuel. The additives are mixed with fuel, before delivering the fuel. Delivery of clean fuel to fuel cells is ensured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a fuel delivery assembly for fuel cell system; and    (2) a process for storing and delivering fuel substances to a direct oxidation fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel delivery system.    Inner tank (22)    Outer container (24)    Plenum (28)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor wafer for a solar cell comprises grooves randomly formed on its surface (1). The grooves are formed by depositing a protector (3) on the surface randomly, dipping the wafer into an isotropic etching solution to etch a portion of the surface in which the protector is not deposited, and removing the protector.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has an improved light absorption efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show schematic views illustrating the texturing process.    wafer textured surface (1)    protector (3)
NOVELTY - Water is added to a solution of manganese alkoxide and alcohol to form a sol which is then heated to remove alcohol. The obtained gel is mixed with activated carbon and the mixture is heated to evaporate the water, and manganese oxide catalyst is formed.    USE - For use in air cathode of metal-air electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The sol-gel process creates catalyst particles that are submicron and easily distributed throughout the catalyst support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial, cross-sectional, elevation view of metal-air cell.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for fabricating a silicon nitride layer for mass-producing a solar cell using a cylindrical cathode and plasma is provided to remarkably improve uniformity of a silicon nitride thin film and to grow a silicon nitride layer on a plenty of wafers at once.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A wafer holder(122) fixes and supports a plurality of silicon wafers(121). A supporting member(124) supports an end of the wafer holder, vertically extending with respect to the wafer holder. A boat assembly(120) includes the plurality of silicon wafers, the wafer holder and the supporting member. The boat assembly of a floating electrode type is freely disposed in the cylindrical cathode(110). A cylindrical quartz pipe(200) is disposed inside the cylindrical cathode. Both ends of the quartz pipe are sealed by metal caps(151,152). A furnace(300) heats the cathode and the quartz pipe. A radio frequency(RF) power source(130) supplies RF power to the cathode, disposed outside the furnace. A period modulating unit(140) controls the RF power supply and periodically supplies RF power to the cathode, electrically connected to the RF power supply source. A gas inducing pipe(170) supplies active gas from an outside gas supply source to the inside of the cathode, passing through the first cap in an airtight state. A vacuum pump(180) maintains a vacuum degree for inducing plasma to the inside of the cathode and an operating vacuum degree and exhausts reacted plasma to the outside, disposed in the other end of the cathode sealed by the second metal cap.
NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte type fuel cell has electroconductive water repellent layers (A) between gaseous diffusion layers (3) and catalytic-reaction layers (2), and hydrogen-ion conductivity polymeric electrolyte film (1), which are laminated via electroconductive separator (7). The layers (A) comprises fluoride graphite with fluorine to carbon atom ratio of 0.1-0.6.    USE - Used as generator for non-commercial co-generation or moving components.    ADVANTAGE - The water repellent property of electrode electrolyte-film contact unit is maintained for longer duration. Hence the polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell has high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyelectrolyte type fuel cell has electroconductive water repellent layers (A) between gaseous diffusion layers (3) and catalytic-reaction layers (2), and hydrogen-ion conductivity polymeric electrolyte film (1), which are laminated via electroconductive separator (7). The layers (A) comprises fluoride graphite with fluorine to carbon atom ratio of 0.1-0.6. The separator has gas passages (6) for emitting fuel and oxidizing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell.    Polymeric electrolyte film (1)    Catalytic reaction layer (2)    Gaseous diffusion layer (3)    Gas passages (6)    Electroconductive separator (7)
NOVELTY - The electrode catalyst comprises particles containing platinum and gold, supported by an electro-conductive carbon material. Core of the particle is rich in gold and the outer surface is rich in platinum.    USE - For fuel cell such as polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst contains small amounts of platinum and exhibits excellent property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrode catalyst manufacture.
NOVELTY - A new cross-linked conductor is given from a compound having structural unit of specific formula and a polymerizing compound or composition having a number of polymerizing functional groups. The specific formula contains an alkykeneoxide chain and an acrylate chain.    USE - For polymer electrolytes of rechargeable lithium batteries, solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells, photoelectrochemical batteries, sensors, electrochromic devices, capacitors, anti-electrostatic coating, or conductive seal.    ADVANTAGE - The new conductor has higher ionic conductivity and improved stability from lower temperature and lower humidity to higher temperature and higher humidity atmosphere    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new cross-linked conductor is given from a compound having structural unit-(A) of formula (1) and a polymerizing compound-(B) or composition having a number of polymerizing functional groups.    R1 = 1-5C alkyl group;    R2, R3 = 2-10C aliphatic group;    m, n = positive integer
NOVELTY - A liquid pump (1) and a gas pump (3) are provided at lower and upper dies (2, 4), by which liquid and gas from the lower and upper dies are ejected respectively, for releasing the molded ceramic component (10).    USE - For molding a ceramic component, e.g. a capacitor used for solar cells, liquid crystal display devices, semiconductor memories and discharge electrodes for PDPs.    ADVANTAGE - The process eliminates the formation of cracks, as the component is released by ejecting gas and liquid using gas and liquid pumps. The process prevents the aggravation of specific resistance of the sputtering film, during sputtering.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the molding apparatus.    Liquid pump (1)    Lower die (2)    Gas pump (3)    Upper die (4)    Molded ceramic component (10)
NOVELTY - A structure comprising tabular tank elements (125) with a flow path and wave-shaped outer fins (126) are arranged alternately. The fins support combustion catalyst.    USE - In fuel cell for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size of heat exchanger and thereby reduces cost due to provision of the wave-shaped outer fins installed with combustion catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the laminated type heat exchanger.    Tabular tank elements (125)    Outer fins (126)
NOVELTY - The glass substrate laminated with a power generating function layer protects the layer and has the facility to be cut and divided into desired product size.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The possibility of the division of the glass substrate of solar cell panel enables to provide panel of various sizes. The glass substrate has strength between tampered glass and raw sheet glass.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph explaining the relationship between parameters of glass substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The thermal management of a reformer (1), for the production of a fuel for a fuel cell (P) of a electrically propelled motor vehicle (V), able to obtain calorific energy as a function of the calorific needs of the reformer comprises producing at least a part of this energy by the condensation of a refrigerant fluid.    USE - Used for the thermal management of a reformer for the production of fuel for the fuel cell of an electrically propelled motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows an acceleration of the heating of the reformer, especially during cold starting conditions and that may also be adapted for cooling the reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a device for the thermal management of a reformer for the production of fuel for a fuel cell; and    (b) a vehicle incorporating a reformer using this device for its thermal management.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a circuit diagram of the thermal management.    Reformer (1)    Fuel cell (P)    Motor vehicle (V)
NOVELTY - A sol comprises particles of size 0.005 to 1 microns dispersed in a medium. The particles comprise crystalline cerium oxide of the cubic system as main component, and a lanthanum and/or neodymium compound as an additional component. The additional component (X) is contained in X/(Ce + X) molar ratio of 0.001 to 0.5.    USE - The abrasive sol is used for polishing a substrate which comprises silica as main component e.g. rock crystal, quartz glass for photomask, semiconductor devices, hard discs made of glass, organic films or interlayer dielectrics (ILD). It may also be used for shallow trench isolation, for polishing a semiconductor device (all claimed). The sol particles can also be used as ultraviolet absorbing materials, catalyst materials and fuel cell materials.    ADVANTAGE - The finely divided particles have even particle size of less than submicron order.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A process for producing the sol comprising:    (a) reacting an aqueous solution of Ce(III) and La(III) and/or Nd(III) salts with an alkali in (OH)/(Ce + X) molar ratio of 3-30 to give a suspension in which Ce(OH)3 and X(OH)3 are homogeneously mixed; and    (b) blowing (a gas containing) oxygen into the suspension at 10-95 deg. C.    (2) An abrasive containing the sol.
NOVELTY - An arrangement for producing a hydrogen containing gas from a hydrocarbon, for supplying a vehicle fuel cell, comprises a vaporizer, a reformer, a catalytic burner and a unit for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen containing gas. The selective oxidation unit (13) and the catalytic burner (14) have a heat transfer contact to the reformer (9, 11). The combustion gas for the burner contains gases from a cathode and/or anode chamber of the fuel cell.    USE - The arrangement is used to produce a hydrogen containing gas to supply a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is small and compact.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an arrangement according to the invention.    Reformer (9, 11)    Oxidation unit (13)    Burner (14)
NOVELTY - An oxygen-depolarized cathode comprises an inert conductive substrate and a set of catalysts including rhodium sulfide and at least one metal of platinum group.    USE - For hydrochloric acid electrolysis membrane cells (claimed) e.g. fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The depolarized cathode containing rhodium sulfide and platinum as catalyst maintain the property of preventing the release of hydrogen into oxygen independently of the quality of acid fed to the electrolytic cell. The depolarized cathode has high corrosion resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) Hydrochloric acid electrolysis cell; and    (2) Aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis.
NOVELTY - An improved fuel cell stack has a fuel cell interconnect having a coating of precious metal on area(s) that are in contact with the fuel cell electrode.    USE - As a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The coating of precious metal is highly conductive, and stable in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The precious metal can be easily deposited on the metal interconnect by sputtering, or inexpensive high volume electrochemical techniques such as electroplating or electroless deposition. The interconnects can be used in both intermediate temperature fuel cells and high temperature fuel cells. The interconnects prevent corrosion of an oxide fuel cell at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a metal interconnect for fuel cells; and    (2) a protective coating for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system circulates exhaust gas within a fuel cell (9) through a passage (10). A fuel injector (3) injects liquid fuel into the circulated exhaust gas and a vaporizer (4) vaporizes the injected fuel.    USE - As a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the response of the system because the liquid fuel injected into exhaust gas is vaporized rapidly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic flow diagram of a fuel cell system.    Fuel injector (3)    Vaporizer (4)    Fuel cell (9)    Passage (10)
NOVELTY - A lower etch stop layer (14) and intermediate and upper etch stop layers (18a, 18b and 22a, 22b) are formed with dielectric layers (16a, 16b and 20a, 20b) in between, on a substrate (10). The bottom layers (17a, 17b and 21a, 21b) of the intermediate and upper etch stop layers are formed of different materials from that of the top layers (19a, 19b and 23a, 23b). All the layers are etched up to a contact region (12) in the substrate, to form a dual damascene aperture (29).    USE - For forming a dual damascene aperture in the microelectronic production of integrated circuits, ceramic substrates, solar cells, sensor image arrays and display image arrays.    ADVANTAGE - Etching of the etch stop layers of different materials, minimizes damage caused to the dielectric layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional diagram illustrating one of the stages of forming the dual damascene aperture.    Substrate (10)    Contact region (12)    Lower etch stop layer (14)    Dielectric layers (16a, 16b, 20a, 20b)    Bottom layers of intermediate and upper etch stop layers (17a, 17b, 21a, 21b)    Intermediate etch stop layers (18a, 18b)    Top layers of intermediate and upper etch stop layers (19a, 19b, 23a, 23b)    Upper etch stop layers (22a, 22b)    Dual damascene aperture (29)
NOVELTY - A P-type polycrystalline silicon layer (3) comprises layers (32, 34) that are formed between a positive electrode (2) and a N-type polycrystalline silicon layer (4). The mean diameter of the silicon grain in layers (32, 34) is 10 microns or more. The P-type dopant concentration in the layers (32, 34), is 1 x 10 to the power 18 atoms/cm cubed and 1 x 10 to the power 15 - 5 x 10 to the power 17 atoms/cm cubed respectively.    USE - Thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell is improved. The solar cell is obtained easily and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    Positive electrode (2)    P-type polycrystalline silicon layer (3)    N-type polycrystalline silicon layer (4)    Layers (32, 34)
NOVELTY - The reverse side of electrode metal layer has a multilayered structure. The multilayered structure has a metal oxide layer having thickness in the range of 0.2-10 nm, another metal layer comprising silver as main constituent having thickness in the range of 0.5-100 nm and silicide metal layer having thickness in the range 20-1,000 nm.    USE - Thin film crystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell with high reflecting rate and excellent conversion characteristics is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of thin film crystalline substance silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An intermediate layer (4) containing several transparent electrically conductive films, is provided between the photoelectric converting layers (3, 5). The transmissivity of each film of intermediate layer is in the range of 80-95% in the region of wavelength of 700-1100 nanometers.    USE - Lamination type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains balance of output electric current between each photoelectric converting layer. Hence conversion efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the lamination type solar cell.    Photoelectric converting layers (3, 5)    Intermediate layer (4)
NOVELTY - The platinum microparticles are mixed with an carbon powder and ruthenium alloy, d have a lattice constant of 0.3923-0.3883 nm with average particle diameter of less than 6 nm.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables high oxygen reduction reaction, and improves the electricity generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen occlusion alloy (14) in a tank (15), traps evaporated hydrogen output from a tank (13) having porous material (12). The trapped hydrogen is fed back to a hydrogen storage tank (10) through a pipe (11).    USE - Hydrogen evaporation suppression device of liquid hydrogen storage tank used in fuel cell for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the evaporated hydrogen is trapped and fed back to storage tank, efficient usage of hydrogen is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen evaporation suppression device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen storage tank (10)    Pipe (11)    Porous material (12)    Tanks (13,15)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy (14)
NOVELTY - A gas modifier (119) is provided between a cooling chamber (103) and a heat exchanger. The exhaust gas of high temperature emitted from the cooling chamber, is steam reformed with hydrocarbon group gas.    USE - For producing hydrogen used in fuel cell motor vehicle, electric vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Effective usage of exhaust gas, enables to produce hydrogen gas cheaply and efficiently. Desired calorie can be filled up timely to the exhaust gas of high temperature and quality of coke can be reformed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for coke dry-quenching method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the coke dry-quenching equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cooling chamber (103)    Gas modifier (119)
NOVELTY - A decarboxylation unit (4) is provided in the upstream side of molded electrical double layer capacitor (2) to remove the carbonic acid from the treated water. The ions generated in the water during acidic reaction are removed by the capacitor.    USE - For production of desalted water used in boilers, power station, semiconductor manufacturing plant, fuel cell based electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents excess consumption of hydroxide ion and simplifies ionization of silica and boron compound due to effective suppression of carbon dioxide air bubbles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for desalted water production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline of desalted water production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrical double layer capacitor (2)    Decarboxylation unit (4)
NOVELTY - A P-layer (23) includes crystalline silicon layers having different group III elements. The diameter of crystal grains of the P-layer is closer to that of a I-layer (24). The specific resistance of P-layer is less than 1 omega cm.    USE - Thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the photodegradation and reduces the contamination due to impurity doping process. Exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency. P-layers having strong orientation is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for thin-film solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the thin-film solar cell.    P-layer (23)    I-layer (24)
NOVELTY - The exchanger has several heat exchange units (21) connected by soldering. Each unit has two rectangular divide plates (22,25) separated by a corrugated inner fin (24) that has a fluid flow path (29). The fin (24) has a pair of spacer (23) present on its edges. Another horizontal spacer (26) with another inner fin (27) and heat flow path (30), is present on other sides of the plate (25) that does not contact the inner fin (24).    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The heat exchange units reduce size and weight and ensures high heat exchange property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat exchange unit (21)    Rectangular divide plates (22,25)    Spacers (23,26)    Inner fins (24,27)    Fluid flow path (29)    Heat flow path (30)
NOVELTY - The heat exchanger tube elements (20) have a flat coolant flow path (28) for passing the coolant to inner side of the cores (23) which are piled. A catalyst adhered to the outer fins, is passed through tube elements in coolant circulation direction and orthogonal direction, during coolant circulation.    USE - Heat exchanger with catalyst, for fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Harmful component such as carbon monoxide is efficiently removed and hence property of catalyst is maintained satisfactorily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the heat exchanger with catalyst, for fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat exchanger tube elements (20)    Core (23)    Flat coolant flow path (28)
NOVELTY - Electric power from a fuel cell (46) is supplied to a motor (42) which drives a hydraulic pump (3). Electric power generated by a electric power regeneration device (48) using the liquid ejected from a hydraulic cylinder (2), is used for electrolyzing water in an electrolysis tank (44). Hydrogen and oxygen generated in the hydrolysis tank are used in the fuel cell.    USE - Energy regenerating apparatus for construction machine such as hydraulic excavator.    ADVANTAGE - Since fuel cell is used as power source, vibration and noise are reduced and air pollution due to NOx and CO2 is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of the energy regenerating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydraulic cylinder (2)    Hydraulic pump (3)    Motor (42)    Electrolysis tank (44)    Fuel cell (46)    Electric power regeneration device (48)
NOVELTY - A partition (30) is provided in a chamber (2) of a furnace (6), so that the through-holes (23-25) in the furnace are mutually separated.    USE - For manufacturing crystalline-silicon used in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The raw material deposition in the furnace chamber, is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional and the top views of the crystalline-silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Chamber (2)    Furnace (6)    Through-holes (23-25)    Partition (30)
NOVELTY - A plate (9) with inclined surfaces (9a), is mounted on the top of a crucible (4) accommodating solid silicon (3a,3b). The crucible is heated by the heating units (7a,7b).    USE - For manufacturing polycrystalline silicon for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inclined surfaces of the plate, helps in filling more quantity of solid silicon without spilling.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a right sectional view of the crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solid silicon (3a,3b)    Crucible (4)    Heating units (7a,7b)    Plate (9)    Inclined surfaces (9a)
NOVELTY - A nozzle (44) discharges hydrogen occlusion and releasing materials supplied from different containers in fog form towards a catalyst (42) for enhancing hydrogenation or dehydrogenation reaction in a reactor (35).    USE - For hydrogen storage and supply for fuel cells for electricity generation for motor vehicle and for other domestic applications.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the hydrogen supply and storage efficiency using a simple technique.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A nozzle (44) discharges hydrogen occlusion and releasing materials supplied from different containers in fog form towards a catalyst (42) for enhancing hydrogenation or dehydrogenation reaction in a reactor (35). The nozzle discharges the hydrogen occlusion and releasing materials for 0.5-30 seconds at predetermined time intervals towards the catalyst in the reactor for enhancing the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes. A hydrogen supply apparatus supplies the hydrogen generated in the reactor after passing the hydrogen to a cooling tank (36). A power generating device generates power using the cooled hydrogen.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen storage and supply apparatus which has a heater that heats the catalyst in the reactor to 200-400 degrees C during the hydrogenation process and 60-120 degrees C during the hydrogenation reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of a hydrogen storage and supply apparatus.    Reactor (35)    Cooling tank (36)    Catalyst (42)    Nozzle (44)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage and supply unit has hydrogen reactor with heater, hydrogen supply unit and electrical power generating device for generating electricity using hydrogen formed by dehydrogenation in the reactor. The heater heats the hydrogen storage components which stores hydrogen with aromatic components, and hydrogen supply components which releases hydrogen by dehydrogenation.    USE - For storing and supplying hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The reaction efficiency of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reaction is increased, and hydrogen and liquid raw material are separated efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) Hydrogen storage and supply apparatus comprising spraying mechanisms with injection nozzle, and cooling tanks (25) for cooling the hydrogen storage and supply components; and    (2) Catalyst (88) for hydrogen storage and supply, which is adhered onto the surface of heater (92) which heats the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen storage and supply apparatus.    Cooling tank (75)    Filter (76)    Catalyst (88)    Heater (92)    Control unit (106)
NOVELTY - Liquid microparticles (2) of a hydrogen occlusion alloy are sprayed on a heat resistant substrate (1).    USE - Electrode of secondary battery, fuel cell, photoelectric cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The alloy can be used for longer time period without any reduction in efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of hydrogen occlusion alloy; and    (2) electrode using hydrogen occlusion alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the hydrogen occlusion alloy. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat resistant substrate (1)    Liquid microparticles (2)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor film (4) which mainly consists of titanium oxide is interposed between electrodes (3, 4) formed on a substrate (2). A rectification barrier layer which has diode characteristics is formed on one surface of the semiconductor so as to enable the film (4) to absorb light with wavelength in visible light region.    USE - Semiconductor film in solar cells for satellite, and also for various light receiving elements such as photosensor, optical switch.    ADVANTAGE - Provides excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (2)    Electrodes (3, 4)
NOVELTY - An electricity generation unit (8) generates electricity using hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen cartridge (3). A back flow prevention valve (7) blocks the back flow of gas to the hydrogen cartridge from the electricity generation unit.    USE - Electrical power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - Since the back flow of hydrogen gas to the hydrogen cartridge, the user's safety during handling of the electric power generation device is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of electric power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen cartridge (3)    Back flow prevention valve (7)    Electricity generation unit (8)
NOVELTY - The catalyst has several pores each having an average diameter of 6-9 nm or less, which is calculated using total pore volume (V) and specific pore surface area (S).    USE - For removing carbon monoxide from heating gas used in fuel cell. Also for reforming alcohol, natural gas, naphtha, kerosene, methanol, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide in low concentration can be removed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for carbon monoxide removal method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the carbon monoxide removal device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A carbon fiber comprises a coaxial stacking morphology of truncated conical tubular graphene layers. Each layer includes a hexagonal carbon layer (10) and has a large ring end at one end and a small ring end at the other end in an axial direction. At least part of edges of the hexagonal carbon layers is exposed at the large ring ends. A catalytic metal is supported on the exposed edges.    USE - The carbon fiber is for supporting catalytic metal (claimed). The catalytic metal is for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The exposed edges of the hexagonal carbon layers have an extremely high activity. The carbon fiber is capable of increasing a catalytic effect due to the reduced size of the support and the capability of supporting a large number of catalytic metal particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of an enlarged transmission electron micrograph of a carbon fiber having a herring-bone structure manufactured by a vapor growth process.    Hexagonal carbon layer (10)
NOVELTY - A solar roof panel element comprises a flexible solar laminate (1) which is adhered to a metal roof sheet (2). The solar laminate consists of buried solar cells manufactured using thin film technology by deposition on a flexible substrate. Two adhesive layers are adhered either side of a metal film made of the same material as the substrate of the solar laminate substrate, in order to adhere it to the metal roof sheet (2).    USE - For manufacturing solar roof panels.    ADVANTAGE - Good heat conduction is obtained from the solar laminate into the metal roof sheet cooled by water carrying cooling pipes (5) which prevents a reduction of current production on hot sunny days.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Solar laminate (1)    Metal roof sheet (2)    Hot melt adhesive film (3)    Stainless steel film (4)    Coolant carrying tubes (5)    Protective film (6)    Isolation (7)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen manufacture comprises contacting water, water vapor or a gas containing water vapor to iron or iron oxide. A metal other than iron is added to the iron or iron oxide.    USE - Used in hydrogen supply means for supplying hydrogen to fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A hydrogen generating medium is provided which achieves a high rate of hydrogen generation, can prevent the activity of gas generation from being decreased and has good durability to the repeat of oxidation and reduction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen supply device comprising a conveyable cassette in which a medium for hydrogen generation based on iron or iron oxide, is housed and at least2 pipe installing means are fitted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1A shows the reaction system of the iron compound.    Reactor (1)    Gas Circulation Pump (2)    Gas Pipe (3)    Gas Pipe (4)    Pressure Meter (5)    Electric Furnace (6)    Water Vapor Trap (7)
NOVELTY - An elementary electrochemical cell is electrically by-passed by short-circuiting the cell through the insertion of a conductive material within a recess(es) obtained through the perforation of materials interposed between electrically conductive bipolar sheets, to where the cell is delimited. The cell is provided with perimetral sealing gaskets.    USE - For electrically by-passing elementary electrochemical cell, such as a fuel cell (claimed), of a filter-press structure.    ADVANTAGE - The process achieves electric continuity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an elementary electrochemical cell of a filter-press structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a stack of electrochemical cells.    Electrochemical cell (1)    Bipolar sheets (2)    Sealing gaskets (3)    Current collectors (4)
NOVELTY - Conversion of fuel energy to electricity comprises converting a higher molecular weight gas into at least one lower molecular weight gas; supplying at least one of the lower molecular weight gases to at least one turbine to produce electricity; and electrochemically oxidizing at least one of lower molecular weight gases in fuel cells adapted to produce electricity from lower molecular weight gases    USE - For converting fuel energy to electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces a high efficiency electrical power output. It increases the utilization efficiency of fuels, such as natural gas, by approximately 20-30% compared with existing power systems to 80-85%. It produces fewer environmentally harmful emissions compared to other power systems, generating up to approximately 3 times less harmful emissions compared to existing power systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a system for converting fuel energy to electricity comprising a reformer (102) for converting a higher molecular weight gas into at least one lower molecular weight gas; at least one turbine (120) to produce electricity from expansion of at least one of the lower molecular weight gases; and at least one fuel cell (110, 111) for electrochemically oxidizing at least one of the lower molecular weight gases to produce electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a schematic of a basic combined power system configuration.    Reformer (102)    Fuel cells (110, 111)    Separation device (115)    Turbine (120)
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a reactor (11) having electrodes (14-17) and dielectric materials (22-27) which are spaced such that plasma having electric field strength exceeding 10,000 volts/cm is generated from gaseous reagents passing through the reactor by applying electric potential.    USE - Hydrocarbon reforming apparatus for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the efficiency of treatment of gaseous reagents through the reactor by increasing the number of discharge points emanating from the barrier and also reduces/eliminates the need to supply additional heat energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bed of high permittivity dielectric particles of barium titanate or calcium titanate, is provided in the form of spheres, pellets, extrudates, fibers, sheets, wafers, fruits, meshes, coils, foams, honeycomb monoliths or granules or as a coating on any shaped particles or contained within a dielectric, polymeric/metallic material, in the space between electrically conducting surfaces of the electrodes. The permittivity of the particles serves to concentrate the electric potential at the contact points between the particles so as to attain desired electric field strength. Membranes (34a-34c) provided by the electrodes in the form of a gas permeable electrically conducting material with coating, are positioned to receive output gaseous product from the reactor, to separate hydrogen gas. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrocarbon reforming method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional of the reactor.    Reactor (11)    Electrodes (14-17)    Dielectric materials (22-27)    Membranes (34a-34c)
NOVELTY - Borohydride compounds are produced by reacting a borate compound with carbon dioxide and water to obtain boron oxide; reacting the boron oxide with carbon and e.g. halide to obtain boron-containing compound; and reacting the boron-containing compound with e.g. alkali metal hydride, to obtain a borohydride-containing compound which is then reacted with diborane to obtain the borohydride compound.    USE - The borohydride compounds can be used as e.g. an anodic fuel in a fuel cell or as hydrogen storage medium.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple and energy efficient and can produce large quantities of borohydride compounds.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of borohydride compounds involves:    (a) reacting a borate of formula YBO2 with carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to obtain a bicarbonate compound of formula YHCO3 and boron oxide (B2O3);    (b) converting the YHCO3 to an oxide compound of formula Y2O, CO2 and H2O;    (c) reacting the B2O3 with carbon (C) and X2 to obtain a boron-containing compound (BX3) and CO2;    (d) reacting methane with Y2O to obtain Y, carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas (H2);    (e) reacting the Y with H2 to obtain YH;    (f) reacting the BX3 with the YH to obtain a borohydride-containing compound (YHBX3);    (g) separately reacting BX3 with H2 to obtain diborane (B2H6) and HX; and    (h) reacting the YHBX3 with B2H6 to obtain YBH4 and BX3.    Y = alkali metal, pseudo-alkali, ammonium ion, or quat. amine of formula NR4+;    R = H or 1-4C alkyl;    X = halide, alcohol, alkoxide, chalcogen or chalcogenide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a flow diagram illustrating the method for producing borohydride compounds.
NOVELTY - Gear to run electrochemical generator with after-burner has electrochemical generator with lines supplying oxygen and hydrogen, line for oxygen blow-through, line for hydrogen blow-through connected to after-burner, tank to collect water linked by line to electrochemical generator. Gear is enclosed in air-tight housing, after-burner comes in the form of reactor with platinum-carrying catalyst. Gear also has receiver and mixer installed in sequence in line of hydrogen blow- through from electrochemical generator, high-pressure bottle with valve connected to tank of air-tight housing, fan, liquid gas heat exchanger which are joined together with after-burner by closed circuit fitted with hydrogen analyzer. Lines supplying oxygen and hydrogen are equipped with enclosures joined to tank of air-tight housing. Tank collecting water is connected to pneumatic line, to fan installed in this line and to tank of air-tight housing. Process of exploitation of electrochemical generator with after- burner includes periodic blow-through of electrochemical generator with hydrogen and oxygen and supply of hydrogen into hydrogen space of after-burner.    USE - D C power supply sources.    ADVANTAGE - Prolonged service life and increased operational reliability of gear.
NOVELTY - The Schottky barrier junction (5) is formed at the back side of the solar cell between rear side electrodes (4). The Schottky barrier junction absorbs light rays of energy smaller than the energy gap of the semiconductor layer of the solar cell.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves power generation effectiveness of the solar cell by simple arrangement.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell.    Rear side electrode (4)    Schottky-barrier junction (5)
NOVELTY - A crucible (4) accommodating silicon melt solution (3), is provided inside accommodation container (5) which is mounted on a chilling plate (8). A power supply (9) supplies electricity on the chilling plate, for heating the crucible. The chilling plate and accommodation container are both preferably made of carbon.    USE - For crystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens necessary heating time for melting solid silicon, hence running cost of crystalline-silicon manufacturing apparatus is reduced. Prevents leakage of molten metal externally, as the crucible is placed within the accommodation container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of crystalline-silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Silicon melt solution (3)    Crucible (4)    Accommodation container (5)    Chilling plate (8)    Power supply (9)
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of an inverted conical pre-reactor (6) equipped with rotary stirrer, in which granulation growth of carbon is performed. A pair of main reactors (7,8) are prevented, to undertake further growth of granulated carbon.    USE - For manufacturing carbon using exhaust gas from chemical plant, foodstuff factory, waste treatment plant, for use in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Continuous carbon of high purity formation is achieved by setting amount of CO2, hydrogen and biogas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIM are included for carbon manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart explaining carbon formation process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Pre-reactor (6)    Main reactor (7,8)
NOVELTY - The amount of supply of reformation raw material to the reformer is increased gradually relative to the rise in temperature of a portion of modification catalyst produced during start of a reformer.    USE - Fuel cell system (claimed) used in electric vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The temperature rise to the modification catalyst provided during the start of reformer causes modification reaction to be performed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system;    (2) electric vehicle; and    (3) modifier control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph obtained during start of a reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The control apparatus (50) of a fuel reformer (10) supplies a steam of raw material ejected from evaporation portion (11) to a heat exchanger (40) when judging the low temperature running conditions of reformer by judging unit. The steam of raw material is obtained by mixing raw material and water vapor and reforming in reformation portion (12).    USE - For fuel reformer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of the heat exchanger is raised suitably and quickly during start-up of fuel reformer without expanding the reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Fuel reformer; and    (2) Fuel modification method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (10)    Evaporation portion (11)    Reformation portion (12)    Heat exchanger (40)    Control apparatus (50)
NOVELTY - Alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glass has a composition (based on oxides) comprising more than 58-70 wt.% SiO2, 0.5 to less than 9 wt.% B2O3, 10-25 wt.% Al2O3, more than 8 to 15 wt.% MgO, 0 to less than 10 wt.% CaO, 0 to less than 3 wt.% SrO, 0 to less than 2 wt.% BaO ( more than 8 to 18 wt.% MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO) and 0 to less than 2 wt.% ZnO.    USE - The glass is used as substrate glass in display technology and thin film photovoltaics and for producing a substrate glass for solid panels (all claimed). It is useful as substrate for liquid crystal displays, especially thin film transistor (TFT) displays and thin film solar cells, especially those based on polycrystalline silicon.    ADVANTAGE - The glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion alpha 20/300 between 2.8 . 10-6 and 3.9 . 10-6/K; transformation temperature Tg of over 710 degreesC; density rho less than 2.55 g/cm3; hydrochloric acid (HCl) resistance less than 0.5 mg/cm2; and preferably an E modulus of over 80 GPa (all claimed). It meets the complex profile of physical and chemical properties required for the specified applications. In particular, it has high heat resistance, a favorable processing range, high chemical stability and especially satisfactory mechanical strength.
NOVELTY - Formation of hydrogen from a gaseous mixture of methane and carbon dioxide involves contacting the mixture with a catalyst comprising molybdenum carbide having a surface area of at least 35 m2/g.    USE - For forming hydrogen from a gaseous mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, for fuel cell. A synthesis gas of mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced is used for forming fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Formation of hydrogen from a gaseous mixture of methane and carbon dioxide is enabled at low temperature in a short period of time, in the presence of catalyst comprising molybdenum carbide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) A water gas shift reaction which involves contacting gas comprising a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and water vapor with catalyst comprising molybdenum carbide at 200-550degreesC;    (2) Method of utilizing molybdenum carbide catalyst in a reaction vessel having a controlled atmosphere which involves passivating molybdenum carbide catalyst to form oxides on surfaces of catalyst, introducing catalyst into a reaction vessel and activating catalyst by passing a carburizing gas in contact with catalyst at an elevated temperature to activate catalyst; and    (3) Formation of high surface area molybdenum carbide which involves soaking molybdenum compound chosen from molybdates and oxide in hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas at 300-400degreesC for 1-5 hours, and subsequently soaking molybdenum compound in a hydrogen/methane mixture for 3-5 hours at 550-850degreesC.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (24); a reformer (22) in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack; and an air conditioning system in fluid communication with the reformer.    USE - Used with an engine to operate a vehicle as well as providing electricity and heat for auxiliary systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a more efficient source of water without requiring the owner to constantly maintain the levels of water required for the fuel cell system. The requirement of storage space for water canisters is relieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) a method of making a fuel cell system comprising disposing a reformer in fluid communication with a fuel cell stack; and disposing an air conditioning system in fluid communication with the reformer; and    (b) a method of using a fuel cell system comprising directing a condensate from an air conditioning system to a reformer; producing a reformate (34) in the reformer; and utilizing the reformate in a fuel cell stack to produce electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a fuel cell system.    Reformer (22)    Fuel cell stack (24)    Reformate (34)
NOVELTY - The natural gas flowing inside a conduit (3b) is passed through a separation membrane in a hydrogen gas separation apparatus (15a) to separate the hydrogen gas while the remaining propane and methane remaining in the natural gas are returned back to the conduit.    USE - For consumer applications such as fuel cell in motor vehicle, home, business place.    ADVANTAGE - Enables supplying hydrogen reliably without requiring the use of a reformer, as the hydrogen gas is separated by passing natural gas through a separation membrane. Improves life time of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for natural gas supply apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a general view of the natural gas supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Conduit (3b)    Hydrogen gas separation apparatus (15a)
NOVELTY - A coating layer (37) containing a corrosion resistant material with respect to fluorine group gas and fluorine radical is applied to the inner sides of a window (33) at a viewing port (31) for monitoring, provided in a plasma chamber. The window provided in the viewing port has a glass attached airtightly in the hole formed in the chamber.    USE - Plasma processing device such as plasma CVD device, dry etching device for manufacture of semiconductor device such as silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents corrosion of window by fluorine group gas to provide a clear field of view for a long time to ensure monitoring of chamber for a long period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the viewing port provided to plasma CVD device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Viewing port (31)    Window (33)    Coating layer (37)
NOVELTY - The photo-galvanic battery has photosensitive electrode (26) and halogen capture electrode (28) which are provided on a substrate (24). An electrolyte (30) is injected between the electrodes such that the top surface of the electrodes extrude from the electrolyte level. The electrode (28) absorbs halogen diffused from the electrode (26) due to photolysis reaction, through a dense closed space (32).    USE - Photo-galvanic battery such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the top surface of the electrodes is exposed from the electrolyte level, the transfer and absorption of the halogen are performed smoothly and the photolysis reaction of the photosensitive electrode is effectively accelerated, thereby increasing the charging efficiency of the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the photo-galvanic battery.    Substrate (24)    Photosensitive electrode (26)    Halogen capture electrode (28)    Electrolyte (30)    Dense closed space (32)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte plate (2) is pinched between a fuel electrode (4) and an air pole (3). Gaseous fuel and oxygen-containing gas is circulated to the outer surfaces of the fuel electrode and air pole to form an oxidation reaction. An excitation device (17) makes the fuel electrode, the air pole or a separator (5) vibrate.    USE - For electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents degradation of electricity generation, and simplifies composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of fuel cell.    Electrolyte plate (2)    Air pole (3)    Fuel electrode (4)    Separator (5)    Excitation device (17)
NOVELTY - A controller (5) in a fuel supply adjustment apparatus (1) sets the fuel emitting and reformation amount, based on the current value information received from power supply (2) and transmits information on adjustment apparatus to power supply. A controller (6) in the power supply sets fuel utilization factor based on the received information and transmits current value information to adjustment apparatus.    USE - Used as portable power supply in home at the time of calamities such as earthquake or as emergency power source for small-sized building.    ADVANTAGE - A compact fuel cell system with capability of continuous power generation is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the methanol reformation type fuel cell system.    Fuel supply adjustment apparatus (1)    Power supply (2)    Controllers (5,6)
NOVELTY - A film support structure (12) has continuous holes (12a) which are formed along thickness direction, into which conductive substance (14) is provided.    USE - For fuel cell used as vehicle-mounted power source, and used as power source in co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - High ionic conductivity is obtained, even when the amount of transduction of an ion exchange group is reduced. Thus the output of fuel cell is improved and the size of fuel cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram and expanded sectional view of electrolytic film.    Film support structure (12)    Continuous hole (12a)    Conductive substance (14)
NOVELTY - A modification catalyst layer (1) generates hydrogen rich reformed gas using the supplied raw material and water vapor. A temperature detector detects the temperature of the heated reformed gas passed through the outlet (20) from the bottom of the layer. Based on the detected temperature, a controller controls the temperature of the heater.    USE - Used for generating hydrogen rich gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Mean temperature of the catalyst layer is maintained stably without using several temperature detectors. As aperture is not provided in flow path surface of outlet, leakage of reformed gas is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen gas generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification catalyst layer (1)    Outlet (20)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen separation membrane (12) of a hydrogen separation module (10) has hydrogen permeability co-efficient ratio of 2.5 at 600degreesC and hydrogen permeation rate of about 0.1 x 10-6 mole/m2sPa. A graphite sealant (38) prevents gas leakage, and has a density of about 0.6-1.9 g/cm3.    USE - High temperature film-type modifier for forming hydrogen gas from raw material gas, such as methane, methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the modifier to operate efficiently at severe conditions, since the hydrogen separation membrane has specific permeability co-efficient ratio and the graphite sealant has specific density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the joint pipe having the sealant of the high temperature film-type modifier.    Hydrogen separation module (10)    Hydrogen separation membrane (12)    Graphite sealant (38)
NOVELTY - A water pump (3) supplies water mixed with alcohol, having less number of carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol, to modifier (1).    USE - Fuel cell reformer system for electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Even when an atmosphere temperature is less than freezing point, the reformer system can efficiently formed reformer gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the reformer system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1)    Water pump (3)
NOVELTY - An electrical conductive laminate comprises a substrate film having thickness of 1-150 nm and comprising zirconium oxide as main component, on a base material. An electrical conductive film having average surface roughness Ra of 3 nm or less and comprising oxide of indium and tin as main component, is formed on the substrate film.    USE - For electrode of organic electroluminescence device, and liquid crystal display devices and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical conductive laminate having flat surface, is manufactured easily. The need of heat-processing the film, polishing of the indium-tin oxide film, and performing acid treatment of the film, are eliminated. The electroluminescence device having the laminate, eliminates leakage of electrical current and generation of dark spots.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of electrical conductive laminate which involves forming substrate film on base material, followed by electrical conductive film on the substrate film.
NOVELTY - The occlusion material has activated carbon base material with fluorine atoms for occluding hydrogen.    USE - For hydrogen storage tank in motor vehicle, aircraft, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy manufacture of lightweight hydrogen occlusion material. Amount of hydrogen occlusion per unit space is increased, remarkably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen occlusion material manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model illustrating hydrogen occlusion material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The junction blocks (31A, 31B) are provided on either sides of a humidifier (11). A connection plate connects the junction block (31A) and a stack (3) integrating the stack with humidifying unit (22) to flow the gas of stack through the hollow strings of the humidifier. The supply, off gas and fuel gas pipes (4, 5, 7) connected to the block (31B) are connected to the strings of the humidifier.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies the piping construction. Hence the size and cost of humidification system are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the humidification system.    Stack (3)    Supply pipe (4)    Off gas pipe (5)    Fuel gas pipe (7)    Humidifier (11)    Humidifying unit (22)    Junction blocks (31A,31B)
NOVELTY - Reactor comprises a reactor element (15) consisting of a functional unit (20) having a channel structure with channels (21) having a channel inlet (22) and a channel outlet (23). A reaction material (R) is provided in the channels which reacts with a medium (D) passing through. The reaction material is provided in the channels in such a way that the channels have regions (40-42) with different reactivity of reaction material over the longitudinal extension of the channels.    USE - Used for carrying out exothermic reactions, as a heat exchanger, catalytic burner, reformer or reactor for carrying out partial oxidations, or in a fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reaction can be controlled in the reactor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: More than one reaction material is provided in the channels. The channel regions are partially made from the different reaction materials. The reaction materials have a concentration profile within the channels over its longitudinal extension. The reaction material is a catalytic material. The reactor element has a second functional unit (30) having a channel structure with channels (31) having a channel inlet (32) and a channel outlet (33).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the reactor element.    reactor element (15)    functional units (20, 30)    channels (21, 31)    channel inlets (22, 32)    channel outlets (23, 33)    medium (D)    reaction material (R)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (1) comprises a proton-conducting crystalline or polycrystalline thin layer membrane (2) as electrolyte; catalyst layers (3) covering both sides of the membrane; gas-permeable anode (4) and cathode (5) lying on the surface of the catalyst layers facing outward; electroconductive plates (6) that contact the electrodes at close intervals and delimit together with the electrodes gas-carrying channels; and gas connections for introducing hydrogen on one side and oxygen on the other side.    USE - Used for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell operates with a high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The thin layer membrane is a system consisting of a crystalline or polycrystalline metallic electrically insulating material. The metallic material is made from Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Ag, Au or Cu, their alloys or oxides.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell.    fuel cell (1)    thin layer membrane (2)    catalyst layers (3)    anode (4)    cathode (5)    electroconductive plates (6)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide removal comprises (a) introducing a reaction gas of at most100degreesC formed by adding an oxidizing agent to a mixed gas, to a carbon monoxide removal device where a catalyst layer is formed comprising a carbon monoxide removing catalyst which removes carbon monoxide in a mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in a case; and (b) removing the carbon monoxide by reacting the oxidizing agent and the mixed gas on the catalyst.    USE - Used to remove carbon monoxide in systems where fuel reforming systems operate.    ADVANTAGE - carbon monoxide is removed stably for a long period of time when a fuel reforming system is operated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) an operating method of a fuel reforming system which has a reformer, a carbon monoxide converter and a heat exchanger; (2) a carbon monoxide removal device which has a case which has a catalyst storage part and a mixed gas flow passage for introducing and exhausting mixed gas; (3) a fuel reforming system which has a fuel reforming device and a carbon monoxide removal device; and (4) a filter for treating mixed gas introduced to the carbon monoxide removal device which has a collecting part which has an iron collecting part which collects iron and/or iron compounds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the fuel reforming system. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Fuel (1)    Desulfurizer (2)    Steam (3)    Reformer (4)    CO Transformer (5)    CO Remover (6)    Fuel Cell (7)    Temperature Regulator (8)    Oxidizer (9)    Heat Exchanger (81)
NOVELTY - The system for removing impurities from a fuel supply stream (12) for a fuel cell (30) has a getter element (20) for removing the impurities from the fuel stream. The getter element is removably connected between the fuel supply stream and an anode side of the fuel cell so that the getter element is replaceable by a user of the fuel cell.    USE - Removing impurities such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from fuel supply stream for fuel cell used in portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The getter element chemisorbs the oxides of carbon from the hydrogen. Since the getter element is removably connected between the fuel supply stream and the anode side of the fuel cell, the getter element is easily and quickly separated from the fuel cell without damaging the fuel cell or without requiring several tools. The getter element eliminates the need for more elaborate, larger and more expensive reforming processes and equipment so economical portable reformer-based fuel cells are obtained. By using the system, economical small reformers are used in the portable fuel cells to reform liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as methanol to obtain hydrogen gas for powering the fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel stream comprises hydrogen gas.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method of operating a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic representation of the system for removing impurities from the fuel supply stream for fuel cell.    Fuel supply stream (12)    Getter element (20)    Fuel cell (30)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generator contains a metal hydride contacting hydrogen generating promoter to generate hydrogen inside a hydrogen supply generators, such as a fuel cell. The metal hydride and/or promoter are in liquid state, and are stored in receptacle arranged at inner portion of the machine. The water pressure on the outside of the machine is equalized.    USE - For producing hydrogen in hydrogen supply apparatus such as fuel cell used for power source of diving machine such as diving ships, and submarines.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generator is safer, lightweight and generates hydrogen easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The back-side protection sheet (10) comprises an inorganic oxide thin film layer (2) formed on one surface of heat resistance and weather resistance plastic film (1). The plastic film contains polyester resin having annular trimer content of 0.5 weight% or less and intrinsic viscosity of more than 0.6 (dl/g). The sheet has other heat resistance and weather resistance plastic film (4) formed from the same resin.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The back-side protection sheet has excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and damp proofing property. The degradation of various functions of the back-side protection sheet is prevented in the outdoor use even for a long period of time, and quality stabilization of the solar cell module is attained at reduced cost. The back-side protection sheet has high industrial utility value in solar power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the back-side protection sheet for solar cell.    Heat resistance and weather resistance plastic film (1,4)    Inorganic oxide thin film layer (2)    Back-side protection sheet (10)
NOVELTY - The wet air (OAw) used as the humidifying source at the fuel pole of a fuel cell (1) is exhausted at the air pole side of the fuel cell. Several shutoff valves (7,10,9) of a hydrogen piping are provided in the upstream and downstream sides of an anode humidifying device (4). Another shutoff valve (8) is provided in the purge piping (27) which is branched out from the piping (22).    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves sufficient humidification at the side of the fuel pole and prevents breakage of a stack during starting of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the humidifying system.    Fuel cell (1)    Anode humidifying device (4)    Shutoff valves (7-10)    Piping (22)    Purge piping (27)    Wet air (OAw)
NOVELTY - Combined power-heating device comprises a reactor system for removing carbon monoxide from a reformate gas stream and contains a low temperature shift reactor and a methanization reactor connected to it; and a heat exchanger arranged between the steam reformer and the shift reactor for cooling the reformate gas stream leaving a steam reformer to the starting temperature of the shift reactor.    USE - Used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The air feed can be precisely controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a combined power-heating device. Preferred Features: The low temperature shift reactor contains a Cu/ZnO shift catalyst. The methanization reactor contains a catalyst containing ruthenium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the power-heating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)
NOVELTY - A steam reformer comprises a closed vessel; a catalyst bed within the vessel and comprising an oxygen-tolerant catalyst composition; a reactant inlet for directing a reactant stream comprising fuel to the catalyst bed; and an oxidant inlet for directing an oxidant to the catalyst bed.    USE - For use in a fuel processing system for converting a fuel into a reformate stream (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - In the steam reformer, fuel and oxidant can be supplied to the catalyst bed. Catalytic combustion takes place in the presence of the oxygen-tolerant catalyst, directly providing heat to the catalyst bed. Start-up time may be decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a fuel processing system comprising a steam reformer; and an oxidant supply;    (b) a process of initiating operation of a fuel processing system by heating at least a portion of the catalyst bed to a predetermined ignition temperature; and supplying reactants comprising fuel and the oxidant to the catalyst bed and catalytically combusting at least a portion of the fuel and the oxidant to supply heat; and    (c) an integrated reactor comprising a closed vessel having a reformate inlet, a reformate outlet, a coolant inlet, and a coolant outlet; a metal oxide bed within the vessel and in fluid communication with the reformate inlet; a shift catalyst bed within the vessel downstream of the metal oxide bed and in fluid communication with the metal oxide bed and reformate outlet; and heat exchange component(s) in fluid communication with the coolant inlet and coolant outlet and fluidly isolated from the metal oxide be d and the shift catalyst bed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel processing system.
NOVELTY - The p-layers (23) consists of crystalline silicon layers with fluorine content. One of the p-layers has a double layered structure consisting of different group II element. The specific resistance of the p-layers is less than or equal to 1 OMEGAcm.    USE - Thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents photodegradation and contamination due to impurity doping process. Exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for thin film solder cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    p-layer (23)
NOVELTY - A solar cell sealing material is formed by heat cross-linking ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer having vinyl acetate content of 26-30 mass%, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane as cross-linking adjuvant. The half life period of cross-linking adjuvant is 30 minutes or less at 140degreesC. The sealing material has volume resistivity of 3x1015 OMEGA.cm.    USE - For solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing material has high volume resistivity, and effectively prevents leakage of electric current from a solar cell. The sealing material improves insulation of solar cell module, and enables size reduction and cost reduction of solar cell module preparation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell sealing material is formed by heat cross-linking ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer having vinyl acetate content of 26-30 mass%, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane as cross-linking adjuvant. The half life period of cross-linking adjuvant which is an organic peroxide, is 30 minutes or less at 140degreesC. The sealing material has volume resistivity of 3x1015 OMEGA.cm, after cross-linking.
NOVELTY - A decomposition mechanism (20) in the fuel cell (1) decomposes water produced by cell reaction, by performing electrolysis, photolysis and by using chloroplast, microorganism, etc. The decomposed water is eliminated from the fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a compact fuel cell and realizes energy saving by decomposing and eliminating water from the cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel cell.    Fuel cell (1)    Decomposition mechanism (20)
NOVELTY - The chloro silane liquid containing trichloro silane as main component and silicon tetrachloride (STC), is supplied to a distillation column. STC concentration in the chloro silane liquid is maintained to 30% or more and trichlorosilane is purified. The trichloro silane and STC are obtained from the exhaust gas emitted from a reducing furnace used for production of polycrystalline silicon by vapor growth.    USE - For purification of trichlorosilane used for production of polycrystalline silicon.    ADVANTAGE - The purification of the trichlorosilane prevents deterioration of the trichlorosilane by maintaining silicon-tetrachloride concentration of 30% or more. A high quality trichlorosilane is produced and hence, the quality of the polycrystalline silicon produced using the trichlorisilane is stabilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph which shows the transition of reaction in the reducing furnace by the variation in time course of an exhaust-gas composition. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An insulation layer laminated between the metal substrate and the lower electrode, contains insulation particles dispersed in matrix. The matrix contains silicon oxide or heat resistance resin whose thermal coefficient of expansion is 0.1-1.5 times larger than that of the metal substrate. The glass transition point of the resin, is equal to or more than 260 degrees C.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Offers highly reliable and efficient solar cell using simple components.
NOVELTY - A thermal decomposition heater (5) indirectly heats thermal decomposition section (1) for gasifying a waste. A gas cleaning unit (3) removes hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide from the exhaust gas. A hydrogen extractor (6) removes hydrogen from the exhaust gas and supplies to a fuel cell power generator (7). The heater extracts gas from the gas cleaning unit, gas removing unit and fuel cell power generator, to heat the waste.    USE - For fuel cell power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Provides efficient waste gasification by utilizing waste gas for thermal decomposition and for fuel cell power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block flow diagram of the fuel cell power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thermal decomposition section (1)    Gas conversion unit (2)    Gas cleaning unit (3)    Thermal decomposition heater (5)    Hydrogen extractor (6)    Fuel cell power generator (7)
NOVELTY - Storage tank (10) accommodates fuel comprising decahydronaphthalene, which is supplied to reaction tank (20) consisting of catalyst through supply pipe (14). Liquid film is formed on catalyst surface, while supplying fuel, and film is dehydrogenated to generate naphthalene and hydrogen. Hydrogen separation film (40) in separation tank (30) coupled to tank (20), separates hydrogen from naphthalene.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas used for fuel cells in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas of high purity is supplied to the hydrogen utilizing device reliably. The efficiency of hydrogen utilizing device is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the hydrogen generation apparatus.    Fuel storage tank (10)    Fuel supply pipe (14)    Reaction tank (20)    Separation tank (30)    Hydrogen separation film (40)
NOVELTY - A method for producing paraffin wax involves conducting aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a paraffin wax, a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier, and then recovering the paraffin wax.    USE - For producing polytetrafluoroethylene by aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (claimed) used for thread seal tape, binder for fuel cell, glass cloth impregnation to make canvas, wire coating, tubes, clothing and stretched porous film such as filters.    ADVANTAGE - The paraffin wax allows high speed aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene with excellent polymerization behavior such as excellent dispersion stability and consistent production of polytetrafluoroethylene having excellent physical property. The waste discharge into the environment is reduced by recovering and reusing the paraffin wax. The specific gravity of the polytetrafluoroethylene is lowered to 2.165 or below and polytetrafluoroethylene fine particles with average diameter of 0.1-0.4 microns can be obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for production of polytetrafluoroethylene which involves conducting aqueous dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene by using a recovered paraffin wax and/or fresh paraffin wax in presence of a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier. The ratio of recovered paraffin wax and the fresh paraffin wax is 20/80.
NOVELTY - Powder metallurgical method for producing high density shaped parts from an alloy consisting of at least 20 wt.% chromium, and iron or an additional alloy in an amount of not more than 10 wt.% comprises compacting the powder feedstock approximately into its final shape and sintering, where the additional alloy proportions are introduced in the form of a master alloy powder. The master alloy is composed of the additional alloy proportions and iron proportions, or additional alloy proportions, iron proportions and chromium proportions, or additional alloy proportions and chromium proportions.    USE - Used for producing high density shaped parts, e.g. an interconnector of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality part is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The powder feedstock is a mixture of elementary chromium powder with a pre-alloy powder of iron and additional alloying proportions. The powder mixture is compacted with a multiple component stamp having the geometry of the molded part to be produced.
NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion element comprises oxide semiconductor fine particles which are photosensitized by a compound having a barbituric acid structure.    USE - Photoelectric conversion element is used in solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A low cost photoelectric conversion element is provided which has high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photoelectric conversion element comprises oxide semiconductor fine particles which are photosensitized by a compound having a partial structure of formula (1).    X1 - X3 = O, S or Se atom.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solar cell using the element; and    (2) oxide semiconductor particles photosensitized by the compound (I).
NOVELTY - Fuel-cell stack of filter-press structure maintained at 60-90 degreesC and fed with air on cathode side and a fuel containing hydrogen and 100 ppm carbon monoxide on anode side, is operated by imposing oxidizing condition to each anode in self-adjusting continuous or sequential discontinuous way to obtain a current output stable with time at same cell voltage. Each cell is delimited by bipolar plate    USE - For operating a fuel-cell stack of filter-press structure (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Oxidation is obtained by simple and self-regulated system without resorting either to complex and expensive equipment or to catalysts with sophisticated formulation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a filter press structure comprising water electrolysis cell(s) (200) for producing hydrogen and oxygen, and fuel cells (100) fed with a fuel containing hydrogen and 100 ppm carbon monoxide at the anode. The electrolysis cell and the fuel cells are electrically connected in series by the same electric current feeding system. The duct that conveys oxygen produced by the water-electrolysis cell is connected to a gas-distribution manifold of the fuel which is fed to the anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-section of a stack.    Fuel cells (100)    Water electrolysis cell (200)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen-containing gas stream is produced by generating steam. The steam is contacted with a molten metal mixture (404) in a reactor. The mixture comprises at least 20 wt.% iron dissolved in a first diluent metal. At least a portion of the iron is oxidized to an iron oxide and at least a portion of the steam is reduced to form hydrogen. A hydrogen-containing gas stream is extracted.    USE - For the production of hydrogen-containing gas stream used in the generation of energy and in chemical processes, e.g. the treatment of coal or the production of ammonia.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a method for producing hydrogen that is technically sound and economically viable. By contacting the steam into iron that is dissolved in a diluent metal, the problems associated with thermodynamic and kinetic limitations inherent in prior steam reduction methods are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a reactor operating in steam reduction mode of the invention.    Molten metal mixture (404)    Slag layer (406)    Lance (408)
NOVELTY - Inks comprise a platinum catalyst for a cathode catalyst and a platinum-ruthenium catalyst for an anode catalyst, purified water which is 4-20 times that of the catalyst by weight, and a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer in an amount effective to provide an ionomer content in dried anode and cathode catalyst coats of 20-80 vol.%.    USE - For making anode and cathode catalysts for application to ionomeric membranes for direct methanol fuels.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) the production of inks for use in anode and cathode catalysts applied to membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, comprising combining platinum or platinum-ruthenium catalysts with purified water to form a first mixture, cooling the first mixture to a temperature that reduces evaporation of water from the first mixture, placing the first mixture in a cooler and agitating the mixture to obtain a first homogeneous suspension, adding an alcoholic solution of perfluorosulfonic acid to the first homogeneous suspension to provide a second mixture, agitating the second mixture in the cooler to obtain a homogeneous ink suitable for application to the appropriate anode or cathode side of the membrane; and    (b) a method for applying anode and cathode catalyst to anode and cathode surfaces for a direct methanol fuel cell, comprising forming a mixture of water, perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer, alcohols, and catalyst of platinum-ruthenium for the anode or platinum catalyst for the cathode while cooling and agitating the solution, placing the mixture in a cooler, continuously agitating the mixture, spraying the mixture on the anode or cathode surfaces as determined by the catalyst content.
NOVELTY - The high temperature, molten electrolyte electro-chemical cell comprises ash-free, turbostratic carbon particles having a maximum diameter of less than one micrometer.    USE - For directly converting carbon fuel to electrical energy (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The high temperature, molten electrolyte electro-chemical cell is capable of directly converting ash-free, carbon fuel to electrical energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for producing electrical energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the electro-chemical cell.    Electro-chemical cell (10)
NOVELTY - Cellular-frame metal material includes discrete bulk wire members with turn contour in the form of oval and n-angle with n greater than 3, and/or flat spiral-wire members with multiple connections in contact zones. In this case, density of material is 0.4-1.5 g/cc with fully accessible internal surface.    USE - Metal working and mechanical engineering. Invention may be used, for instance, in heterogeneous-catalytic processes, in manufacture of packed rectification columns of oil processing, in devices for turbulization of material flows, in neutralizers of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, in catalytic purification of hydrogen in power systems based on fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Increased assortment of manufactured articles, reduced anisotropic properties, produced strong material without through pores.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method of material production includes production of discrete spiral members by winding of wire on core, compaction by vibration with flexible compression and heat treatment in non-oxidizing gas atmosphere.
NOVELTY - An aerosol comprising mixture of semiconductor microparticle (12) and carrier gas, is sprayed on a support substrate (17) surface. The semiconductor microparticles are consequently deposited on the substrate.    USE - For opto-electric transducer (claimed) used for solar cell and photo-sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The optical semiconductor electrode is manufactured easily, economically and efficiently in a short time at normal temperature, with reduced impurities in the semiconductor layer. The electrode has stable photoelectric conversion characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optical semiconductor electrode; and    (2) opto-electric transducer comprising the semiconductor electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the film forming apparatus.    Semiconductor microparticle (12)    Support substrate (17)
NOVELTY - A substrate (1) having an electroconductive surface is immersed in a metal inorganic acid salt solution. A porous photoelectric conversion semiconductor layer having specific surface area of 1-100 m squared/g is formed on the electroconductive surface, by electrochemical procedure.    USE - For solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor layer is formed on the support at low temperature easily. Thereby, the need of baking the porous semiconductor layer is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell which comprises an electrolyte layer comprising water-soluble pigment on substrate (A). A substrate (B) having electroconductive surface is provided on the substrate (A).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline process drawing of the preparation of porous semiconductor layer.    Substrate (1)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor oxide layer formed on a heat resistant substrate, is baked and transferred on another synthetic resin substrate.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor electrode used in photogalvanic cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since synthetic resin substrate is used, durability and efficiency of electrode is enhanced and also the electrode is easily installed in a photogalvanic cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photogalvanic cell.
NOVELTY - The temperature control method involves controlling the temperature of modification-reaction unit (1) by controlling the fuel-air ratio, based on temperature correlation map. The temperature correlation map is plotted with the signal from air-fuel ratio detector (18).    USE - For fuel modifier.    ADVANTAGE - Corresponds to steep responses while sudden acceleration and deceleration during starting, since temperature of fuel modifier is controlled by controlling mix ratio of fuel and air on the basis of temperature correlation map. Controls temperature correctly and improves temperature control accuracy of fuel modifier, since correction control is carried out based on signal from temperature detector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of temperature control method of fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification reaction unit (1)    Air-fuel ratio detector (18)
NOVELTY - Antimony and alpha iron silicide (FeSi2) are accommodated as solvent (15) and solute (16) in a quartz container (14) that has growth portion (13) and source filling portion (12). The quartz container is installed in a resistance furnace and is heated so that the portions (13,14) are heated respectively at high and low temperatures. The required beta iron silicide crystal is grown by the heating process.    USE - Beta iron silicide single crystal growth method from a liquid phase, for use in applications such as thermoelectric generator, solid cooler, infrared sensor, solar cell etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables growing large sized, high quality single, beta iron silicide crystal from a liquid phase. Impurities can be doped easily at low temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the crystal growth apparatus.    Source filling portion (12)    Growth portion (13)    Quartz container (14)    Solvent (15)    Solute (16)
NOVELTY - Inert process gas including water vapor in an amount (x volume%) such that (x) is greater than 3, is blown into silicon molten metal (10) in a treatment tank at flow rate (A l/min). An inactive dilution gas is simultaneously blown into silicon molten metal surface at flow rate (B l/min) and the silicon molten metal purification is performed. The amount (x) and flow rates (A,B) satisfy a specific relation.    USE - For purification of silicon molten metal for forming high purity silicon for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon molten metal is purified safely without explosion even when purification is performed for long period of time at high temperature. The purification method is implemented in industries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Inert process gas including water vapor in an amount (x volume%) such that (x) is greater than 3, is blown into a silicon molten metal (10) in a treatment tank at flow rate (A l/min). An inactive dilution gas is simultaneously blown into the silicon molten metal surface at a flow rate (B l/min) and the silicon molten metal purification is performed. The inert gas amount (x) and gas flow rates (A,B) satisfy a relation: xA/(A+B) less than 3.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the typical sectional drawing of the refiner for purification of silicon molten metal.    Silicon molten metal (10)
NOVELTY - The bio toilet (2) has a fermentation layer which accommodates excrements. An exhaust heat supply device supplies exhaust heat from the fuel cell (7) to the fermentation layer so as to heat the fermentation layer to a predetermined temperature.    USE - Bio toilet used in mountainous region and national parks, where mains power supply is not available.    ADVANTAGE - Biodegradation of excrements in fermentation layer is accelerated by heating the fermentation layer with the exhaust heat of fuel cell and so construction of electric heaters using external power is not required. Fermentation layer is heated irrespective of day and night and weather by utilizing exhaust heat of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of bio toilet system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Bio toilet (2)    Fuel cell (7)
NOVELTY - A workpiece (11) for lamination, is supported on a support plate (3) located in a lower chamber casing (1). A hot plate (43) is located at under surface of an upper chamber casing (2). The workpiece is heated and pressurized by making the support plate or the hot plate elevatable.    USE - For manufacturing laminated structure such as solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for providing diaphragm for pressurizing the workpiece, since the support plate or the hot plate is elevatable. Reduces cost of the lamination equipment by eliminating the diaphragm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the lamination equipment.    Lower chamber casing (1)    Upper chamber casing (2)    Support plate (3)    Workpiece (11)    Hot plate (43)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator produces hydrogen by contacting raw material containing a hydrocarbon group compound, water and air with a modification catalyst. The catalyst has front stage and post stage, each consisting of different element. The front stage contains at least platinum or rhodium and the post stage contains at least ruthenium or rhodium.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to apparatuses such as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generator comprising the modification catalyst provides improved methane conversion ratio and hydrogen formation rate. The catalyst is excellent in the oxidation activity of the hydrocarbon front stage and is excellent in the reformation activity of the hydrocarbon at the post stage.
NOVELTY - Process for recycling excess water from a reformed gas produced in a reformer (2) comprises condensing the excess steam in the reformed gas (15).    USE - Used for recycling excess water from a reformed gas produced in a reformer.    ADVANTAGE - An optimum of electrical energy is obtained from the fuel cell and an optimum of utilizable heat from the whole system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The condensate (6) is passed through cleaning stages (13) such as activated charcoal filtering or ion exchange before returning to the process. The condensed water is fed back into the reformer as steam on high temperature heat exchange with the reformed gas. The temperature of the heat transfer medium is preferably 100-1000degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the process.    reformer (2)    condensate (6)    heat exchanger (7)    cleaning stages (13)    reformed gas (15)
NOVELTY - Resin-impregnated expanded graphite product comprises a solvent-free low-viscosity acrylic resin.    USE - Resin-impregnated expanded graphite products are useful as sealing elements, fuel cell components or heat-conducting elements.    ADVANTAGE - The resin seals the pores of the graphite without creating defects, e.g. bubble or cracks, to obtain products that are corrosion-resistant, electrically and thermally conductive and impermeable to liquids or even gases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the resin-impregnated expanded graphite product comprising:    (1) impregnating the expanded graphite with the resin;    (2) optionally shaping the resulting prepreg; and    (3) curing the resin.
NOVELTY - Metal oxide dispersion liquid for dye-sensitized solar cells contains metal oxide fine particles, a binder and a solvent.    USE - The dispersion is used in the production of a dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is lightweight, flexible and stable. A porous metal oxide film is formed over a sheet-like electrode without sintering at a high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) the manufacture of a photoactive electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells by forming a metal oxide film on a sheet-like electrode by evaporating solvent after coating the dispersion liquid on a sheet-like electrode; (2) the photoactive electrode; (3) a dye-sensitized solar cell including the photoactive electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the detailed structure of the solar cell. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Conductive Film (2)    Metal Oxide Film (3)    Sensitizing Dye (4)    Electrolyte Layer (5)    Catalyst Layer (6)    Conductive Film (7)    Electrode Base Material (8)    Sheet Electrode (9)    Photoactive Electrode (10)    Dye Electrode (11)    Counter Electrode (12)
NOVELTY - Front and rear contact electrodes (50,80) are provided on a PN junction structure formed by laminating an n-type layer (20) on a p-type silicon substrate (10). The width of the front contact electrode gradually reduces from the terminal side. A buffer layer (40) and a metal layer are formed between the front contact electrode and the PN junction structure and between the rear contact electrode and the PN junction structure, respectively.    USE - As a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the width of the front contact electrode gradually reduces from the terminal side, the shading loss is minimized. Also the front and rear contact electrodes are formed simultaneously, thus the manufacturing process is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell.    p-type silicon substrate (10)    n-type layer (20)    Front contact electrode (50)    Rear contact electrode (80)
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon type fuel composition comprises a hydrocarbon with an octane value of 89 or more, an aromatic compound content of 15 vol.% or more, a sulfur content of 1 ppm or less, a 5% distillation temperature of 25 degrees C or higher, a 50% distillation temperature of 70-100 degrees C, a 95% distillation temperature of 190 degrees C or lower and an H/C ratio of 2.0 or higher.    USE - Used as a fuel for cars.    ADVANTAGE - The cost of the composition is low.
NOVELTY - The electroconductive binder (24) contains a praseodymium manganese oxide.    USE - For solid electrolyte fuel cell or water vapor electrolysis cell, while electrically joining an air electrode and an interconnector.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive binder is inexpensive and reduces heat expansion during peeling by disparity and provides improved joining strength.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the principal portion of a solid electrolyte fuel cell using the electroconductive binder. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electroconductive binder (24)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical cell main structure (52) has a pair of inlet holes (60,61) and outlet holes (62,63) for flow of different electrolytes. A diaphragm (50) is provided between the two different electrolyte flow paths. A voltage is impressed to the electrodes (66,67) present in the flow paths such that uniform electrochemical reaction takes place.    USE - E.g., redox cell.    ADVANTAGE - By impressing a voltage to the electrodes present in the flow paths separated by diaphragm, uniform electrochemical reaction is performed easily and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the electrochemical cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Diaphragm (50)    Electrochemical cell main structure (52)    Inlet holes (60, 61)    Outlet holes (62, 63)    Electrodes (66, 67)
NOVELTY - Evaporation unit evaporates liquid raw material. Hydrogen gas is formed in a modification unit by modification reaction. Condensate removal unit removes a condensate in the modification unit.    USE - For forming hydrogen gas from hydrocarbon group compound e.g. gasoline and alcohols, such as methanol, ether, and aldehyde, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The condensate removal unit prevents warming-up of the modifier. The starting time is reduced.
NOVELTY - The solar cell (1A) has a light receiving layer (4), positioned between a porous layer and a porous electrolyte (81) which in turn are provided between electrodes (3,6). The electrolyte contains titanium oxide, and is positioned on the side of positive electrode. A wall (5) is arranged around the light receiving layer and the electrolyte. The wall maintains the strength of the solar cell.    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has excellent strength and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Deformation of light receiving layer is prevented. Since the contact between electrolyte and cathode is prevented by providing a barrier layer, the solar cell has low directivity and excellent electricity generation efficiency. The solar cell is easy and inexpensive to produce.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (1A)    Electrodes (3,6)    Light receiving layer (4)    Wall member (5)    Electrolyte (81)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon type fuel except methanol, water and air are introduced to a modifier (6). Both hydrogen and methane form rich reformed gas by combined use of water vapor modification reaction and a portion of oxidation reaction.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Energy efficiency of the system is improved. Temperature of modifier is changed rapidly and responsiveness of the system is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel modification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (6)
NOVELTY - An air intake (6) and an exhaust hole (3) are formed in side wall and upper portion of a case (2), respectively. The case accommodates a modifier having an intake hole.    USE - For domestic appliances, e.g. personal computer, luminaire, refrigerator, air-conditioner, television, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the overheating of modifier by forming air intake and exhaust hole in side wall and upper portion of case, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel cell electric power device.    Case (2)    Exhaust hole (3)    Air intake (6)
NOVELTY - A group of fuel flow paths (30b) and exhaust paths (30c) are provided between ribs (30a) of anode plates (30). The fuel is supplied along the respective flow paths selectively such that the exhaust gas produced from the anode side is ejected through the exhaust paths.    USE - E.g., direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) for portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for gas-liquid separation apparatus due to provision of separate flow paths thereby reduces size of cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of direct methanol fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode plate (30)    Rib (30a)    Fuel flow paths (30b)    Exhaust paths (30c)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-containing-gas is sequentially passed through separation membrane comprising polymer or inorganic film, carbon monoxide (CO) selective oxidation layer and hydrogen storage material layer. Highly pure hydrogen is stored in hydrogen storage material layer.    USE - For purifying hydrogen-containing-gases such as hydrogen rich reformed gas, and storage of pure hydrogen, e.g. for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen-containing-gases such as reformed gases are purified simply and economically to obtain high purity hydrogen (99.999% or more) in high yield. Pure hydrogen is effectively stored in the hydrogen storage material layer. Thus, the need for large scale apparatus for purifying and storing hydrogen is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of purification and storage process of hydrogen. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Plastic moulding materials (I) based on polyarylene sulfide and/or liquid crystalline plastic contain carbon black with a specific surface of 500-1500 m2/g and a dibutyl phthalate number of 100-700 ml/100 g together with graphite with a specific surface of 1-35 m2/g and/or metal powder.    USE - For the production of moulded products, film and fibres, especially moulded bipolar plates, end plates or parts of end plates for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The combination of carbon black with graphite and/or metal powder has a synergistic affect, enabling the production of conductive plastic moulding materials with (a) better electrical and thermal conductivity, better flow properties and better mechanical properties than those of conventional carbon black compounds and (b) lower density and higher strength than graphite compounds (with similar electrical and thermal conductivity).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for increasing the conductivity of plastic moulding materials as above by the incorporation of carbon black and graphite and/or metal powder as described;    (b) bipolar plates, end plates or parts of end plates containing (I) for use in fuel cells;    (c) methods for the production of these plates from (I) by compression moulding or by combining the compounding and processing into a single-stage process.
NOVELTY - Providing a process for producing electricity in a fuel cell whereby the cost problems of prior art are alleviated.    USE - For the production of electricity in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides a wider source of fuel for the fuel cell. Due to low operating temperatures, simplified and cheaper equipment are required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of electricity in a fuel cell comprises pre-reforming a higher carbon (C2+) hydrocarbon fuel in a pre-reformer under conditions effective to achieve complete conversion of the higher carbon hydrocarbons to produce a pre-reformed fuel stream. The pre-reformed fuel stream is subjected to methanation under conditions effective to produce a fuel stream having an increased concentration of methane relative to the pre-reformed fuel stream. The fuel stream and an oxidant are supplied to a high temperature fuel cell, in which methane is reformed and electricity is produced by reacting the fuel stream at an anode of the fuel cell and reacting the oxidant at a cathode of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system.    First heating zone (12)    Second zone (14)
NOVELTY - Providing a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon that provides greater yield and permits using less steam and maintaining catalytic activity of the catalyst.    USE - For steam reforming of hydrocarbons used for feedstock production for carbon-monoxide hydrogenation, methanol synthesis, and hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides greater product yield and permits using less steam and maintaining catalytic activity of the catalyst. It provides reforms hydrocarbon at short residence time or short contact times.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Steam reforming of hydrocarbon involves passing steam and hydrocarbon through a reaction chamber comprising a spinel-containing catalyst having surface active sites comprising a material from rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, and/or carbide of group IVb. The rate of the passing steam and hydrocarbon is controlled so that the residence time in the reaction chamber is less than 0.1 seconds. The reaction chamber is at 500-1000 degrees C. At least 60% of the hydrocarbon has been converted to products after passing through the reaction chamber.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a catalyst comprising a first porous structure with a first pore surface area and a first pore size of at least 0.1 mum; a porous interfacial layer comprising a spinel with a second pore surface area and a second pore size less than the first pore size; and a steam reforming catalyst from rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, and/or carbide of group IVb disposed upon the second pore surface area. The porous interfacial layer has a thickness of less than 4 mm disposed upon the porous structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of catalyst testing apparatus.
NOVELTY - The method for separating semiconductor film (1) and substrate (2) comprises: (a) on the film at least part of a foil (5) is provided; there is an adhesive contact between the film and the foil; (b) the foil and the film are bent away from the substrate; and (c) the film in one motion is separated from the substrate, characterized in that at least one part of the foil is attached to the circumference (14) of a roller (10).    USE - The separation method relates to a semiconductor fabrication technique, whereby a monocrystalline semiconductor is grown on a substrate and subsequently need removal from the substrate. The film is suitable for use in optoelectronic components, such as, light emitting diodes, lasers and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - During the removal process the curvature of the foil can be controlled due to the shape and size of the roller.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The circumference of the roller virtually touches the surface of the substrate. In step b) the substrate with the film is fed to the roller, while the roller is rotated, such that during step c), an increasing part of the film is bent around the roller surface. An increasing part of the substrate from which the film has been separated is led away from the roller. Also a sacrificial layer (7) can be removed by an etching agent (8).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an embodiment of the method according to the present invention.    Film (1)    Substrate (2)    Foil (5)    Sacrificial layer (7)    Etching agent (8)    Roller (10)    Radius of curvature of roller (R)    Circumference (14)
NOVELTY - Conductive non-woven fabric is carbonized and graphitized and has a bending strength of more than 8 Taber, a density of 0.1-0.5 g/cm3, a thickness of 80-500 microns and an electrical conductivity of 10-300 S/cm in the non-woven web and 30-220 S/cm2 perpendicular to the non-woven web.    USE - Used in membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fabric has good pore distribution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a conductive non-woven fabric comprising mixing pre-oxidized fibers optionally in a mixture with up to 30 wt.% carbonizable precursor fibers acting as binder fibers and up to 30 wt.% water soluble fibers; dry carding to a fibrous web having a basis weight of 30-300 g/m2; compacting using a high pressure beam at pressures of 100-300 bar; pre-drying to a residual moisture of 10-50 %; calendering at pressures of 20-100 N/cm2 and temperatures of 100-400 degrees C; and carbonizing and graphitizing at 800-2500 degrees C. Preferred Features: 80-90 weight % of a mixture of precursor and pre-oxidized fibers in a weight ratio of 0-1: 1-3, and 10-20 weight % of a water soluble fibers with a fiber titer of 0.8-3.3 dtex are used. Two different water soluble fibers are used, one being water soluble at temperatures of 10-40 degrees C and the other being water soluble at 80-120 degrees C. The ratio of the water soluble fibers to each other is 3-1: 1-3.
NOVELTY - A stack of flow plates have openings to form a coolant manifold passageway and reactant manifold passageway. Two gaskets respectively form a seal around the coolant and reactant manifold passageways between the adjacent pair of plates. The two gaskets are formed of different materials that are compatible and incompatible with coolant, respectively.    USE - For converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the cost of arrangement, since the material that forms the gaskets is relatively inexpensive. Permits a less expensive and more reliable seal to be used to seal off the coolant flow between adjacent coolant plates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stack sealing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of cooler plate.
NOVELTY - A polysilicon solar cell and a method for fabricating the same are provided to lower an optical loss by reducing a reflective index of an incident ray on a surface of a poly crystalline silicon substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An n+ semiconductor layer(41) is formed by implanting n type dopants on a whole surface of a p type poly-crystalline silicon substrate(40). A pn junction region is generated by forming the n+ semiconductor layer(41) on the whole surface of the p type poly-crystalline silicon substrate(40). An oxide layer(44) is formed on a front face and a back face of the p type poly-crystalline silicon substrate(40). A groove is formed in the front face of the silicon substrate(40). An n++ semiconductor layer(42) is formed by diffusing n type dopants into the groove. A p+ semiconductor layer(45) is formed on the back face of the p type poly-crystalline silicon substrate(40). A back face electrode(46) is formed on the back face of the p type poly-crystalline silicon substrate(40).
NOVELTY - A desulfurizer (20) is in the tubular portion of the combustion exhaust gas flow path (37) of a fixed bed fuel modifier (30), so that the temperature of desulfurizer is raised by heat of combustion exhaust gas.    USE - For reforming hydrogen-rich gas supplied to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizer is accurately controlled to optimal temperature, thus enhancing the thermal efficiency and eliminating the need for using a heater, since the temperature of desulfurizer is raised by exhaust gas. Simplifies structure of the fuel reformer, hence a size reduction is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Desulfurizer (20)    Fixed bed fuel modifier (30)    Combustion exhaust gas flow path (37)
NOVELTY - The mixture of raw material gas and water vapor is supplied to a modification catalyst layer (12). Hydrogen gas concentration in the catalyst layer, is detected, based upon which, the temperature of catalyst layer and supply amount of raw material gas and water vapor are controlled.    USE - For fuel modifier, used for generation of hydrogen gas used in fuel cell of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas is formed efficiently. Temperature of the catalyst layer is controlled reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification catalyst layer (12)
NOVELTY - The air-pole-material has porous air-poles and porous fuel electrode adjacently provided to solid electrolyte, and interconnector connecting them electrically. The material comprises lanthanide element-alkaline earth metal-nickel-iron oxide.    USE - For alkaline earth added nickel-iron-type perovskite-type low temperature operated solid fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The air-pole material has excellent thermal expansion coefficient and electronic conductivity, with favorable electrode activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air-pole-material has porous air-poles and porous fuel electrode adjacently provided to solid electrolyte, and interconnector connecting them electrically. The material comprises Ln1-yAyNi1-xFexO3, where Ln is two or more elements chosen from lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium and samarium, A is two or more elements chosen from strontium, barium and calcium, x is 0.55-0.9 and y is (x-0.2)-(x-0.4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition range of the air-pole-material.
NOVELTY - A porous surface layer (306) of a support plate (308) contains an inorganic material as a sealing material. The sealing material consists of organic resin compositions with melt flow-rate of about 0.5-50 g/10min in 190 degrees-Celsius and test load of about 2.16 kgf.    USE - For sealing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The bonding strength of the sealing material is improved by the porous layer containing inorganic material. Thereby, a long-term reliability in photovoltaic cell is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a detailed descriptional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    porous surface layer (306)    support plate (308)
NOVELTY - Distribution of water between sulfide electrolyte (24) and bromine electrolyte (22) in a regenerative fuel cell, is controlled by discharging the electrolytes until water flows from sulfide electrolyte to bromine electrolyte by osmosis when the electrolytes are separated by a water permeable membrane and circulating the electrolytes through a container (46) divided by a water permeable membrane (43) without any current flowing in between the electrolytes.    USE - Electrochemical process for energy storage and/or power delivery in regenerative fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Control water shift such that the distribution of water between the electrolytes is maintained at, or returned to a preferred state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical process performing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the basic electrochemical reduction-oxidation cell and the flow diagram of the electrochemical process performing apparatus.    Bromine electrolyte (22)    Electrolyte (24)    Water permeable membrane (43)
NOVELTY - A reactor for producing hydrogen comprises a first reactor for the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon fuel in an oxygen-rich gas flow, a second reactor for converting the obtained carbon monoxide using water vapor and a membrane for separating off the hydrogen.    USE - For hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is extremely pure, there is no need for a catalyst, no soot is formed and the process can be used for a long time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a reactor for producing hydrogen.    First reactor (1)    Second reactor (2)    Membrane (9)
NOVELTY - 7-Donor-substituted 2H-benzopyran derivatives in which the vinyl group is stabilized by ring-formation (in contrast to DCM derivatives).    USE - In organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells and organic electronic components (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Organic, electroluminescent chromophores with an intense red emission, which show very good long-term stability (unlike prior-art DCM derivatives), are easily prepared and suitable for a range of applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for the production of ring-stabilized 7-donor-substituted 2H-benzopyran derivatives by condensation of iminium salts of formula (IV) with CH-acid compounds.    R1, R2 = H or alkyl, and/or these groups with D may form a ring defined by the nature of D (DONOR);    D = -NR3R4, -OR5 or -SR6;    substituents Rx (sic) = 1-10C alkyl or phenyl, optionally with other functional groups, especially groups which can be used for crosslinking and thus for the formation of amorphous structures, e.g. -OH, -COOH or -NH2, while R3/R4 (optionally with R1 and R2) may also form simple and/or branched alkylene groups or ali-heterocyclic structures with -O-, -S- or -NR7- in the ring, e.g. phenylpyrrolidine, phenylpiperidine, phenylmorpholine, phenylpiperazine, julolidine or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline structures;    n = 2-4.
NOVELTY - A micro- or nano-sized product is produced using a mold with corresponding structure at a mold surface, in which a fluid containing a casting material is brought into contact with a mold surface. The fluid is treated to induce phase separation. The casting material is partially solidified on the mold surface and in that the product is released from the mold.    USE - For making product used in optics, polymeric solar cells, ball grid arrays, or tissue engineering. The product is preferably used as artificial tubes for nerves or for spinal cords, artificial esophagus, artificial trachea, artificial blood vessels, artificial valves or alternative medical membranes such as artificial endocranium, artificial ligaments, artificial tendons, surgical sutures, surgical prosthesis, surgical reinforcement, wound protecting materials, artificial skin, or artificial corneas.    ADVANTAGE - The method improves the release of the product from the mold without distortion of the micro-structure. It provides micro- or nano-structure molded products having an aspect ratio of larger than 2-5 or 5-10, preferably 10. The nano-structure molded products have maximum width of less than 500 nm. It provides significant design flexibility, enabling number of processing steps to be performed in-line.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows process steps for the manufacture of a micro-sieve.    Micro-sieve (106)
NOVELTY - Two storage tanks (11,12) respectively store an hydrogen-based fuel and an oxidant. A fuel cell portion (20) has an electron input (26). An electrolysis portion (30) has an electron output (33). The cell device also has an electrolyte recovery unit (40).    USE - For providing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances the overall efficiency that approaches one hundred percent recycling of the fuel and oxidant. Incorporates an electrolysis portion to partially recycle fuel cell reactants from fuel cell waste water and enables electrolyte recovery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrical energy generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the electrical power generating process.    Storage tanks (11,12)    Fuel cell portion (20)    Electron input (26)    Electrolysis portion (30)    Electron output (33)    Electrolyte recovery unit (40)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (10) has an anode (20), a cathode (14) and a fuel composition (24) containing a primary fuel and an auxiliary fuel. The primary fuel contains at least one surface active compound and the auxiliary fuel contains at least one hydrogen-containing inorganic compound with a high reduction potential.    USE - Fuel cell for generation of electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The auxiliary fuel acts as a highly reactive source of energy and serves to catalyze the catalytic oxidation of the primary fuel. The primary fuel oxidation products are effectively removed from the anode catalytic sites by the oxidation of the auxiliary fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for generating electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell where the fuel composition is supplied as an anolyte.    Fuel cell (10)    Cathode (14)    Anode (20)    Fuel composition (24)
NOVELTY - A fuel processing reactor comprises a shift catalyst bed disposed in a shell and in fluid communication with first process gas inlet and outlet, a second bed disposed in the shell downstream of the shift catalyst bed and in fluid communication with a second process gas inlet and outlet, and tubes disposed within the shell and extending through the shift catalyst bed and/or second bed.    USE - For fuel processing system to produce, e.g. hydrogen fuel for fuel electric power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is simpler and more cost-effective to manufacture and reduces the thermal stress during operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel processing reactor comprises a vessel (102) including a heat exchange fluid inlet and outlet (140, 146), a shell (106) disposed in the vessel and comprising process gas inlets and outlets (108, 132) extending through the vessel and fluidly isolated, a shift catalyst bed (130) disposed in the shell and in fluid communication with the first process gas inlet and outlet, a second bed (120) disposed in the shell downstream of the shift catalyst bed and in fluid communication with the second process gas inlet and outlet, and tubes (142) disposed within the shell and extending through the shift catalyst bed and/or second bed. The tubes and the space (144) between the shell and interior wall of the vessel form passageways for fluid flow between the heat exchange fluid inlet and outlet. At least a portion of the shell is spaced apart from the interior wall of the vessel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the fuel processing reactor.    Vessel (102)    End plates (104)    Shell (106)    Process gas inlets and outlets (108, 132)    Second bed (120)    Shift catalyst bed (130)    Heat exchange fluid inlet and outlet (140, 146)    Tubes (142)    Space (144)
NOVELTY - A silicon carbide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and patterned low dielectric constant dielectric layers (16a, 16b) are sequentially formed on a substrate (10). A patterned conductor layer (26) is sandwiched between the patterns of the dielectric layers.    USE - Micro electronic conductor structure for microelectronic device such as resistor, transistor, diode, with capacitor, semiconductor integrated circuit, solar cell, and sensor and display image arrays.    ADVANTAGE - The microelectronic conductor structure has enhanced adhesion property and attenuated electrical leakage, due to the formation of patterned conductor layer between the patterns of the dielectric layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for microelectronic conductor structure formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic cross-sectional view of the microelectronic conductor structure.    Substrate (10)    Dielectric layers (16a, 16b)    Conductor layer (26)
NOVELTY - A retainer (13) holds a semiconductor substrate (1) in a pressure vessel (11). A compressor (12) supplies compressed gas to the pressure vessel, such that an silicon thin film (3) is peeled from the semiconductor substrate.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The damage to the silicon thin film is prevented and the solar cell is manufactured easily .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the thin semiconductor film processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Silicon thin film (3)    Pressure vessel (11)    Compressor (12)    Retainer (13)
NOVELTY - A copper layer (2), a tellurium-indium layer (3), a tellurium layer (4), a cadmium-tellurium layer (5) and an indium tin-oxide layer (6) are deposited sequentially on a thin insulated substrate (1).    USE - Solar thermoelectric cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar thermoelectric cell is highly efficient and is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of solar thermoelectric cell.    Thin insulated substrate (1)    Copper layer (2)    Tellurium-indium layer (3)    Tellurium layer (4)    Cadmium-tellurium layer (5)    Indium tin-oxide layer (6)
NOVELTY - Porous silicon layers (3,6) are formed on either surfaces of a single-crystal-silicon substrate (5) by anodization. An epitaxial layer (4) is formed on the silicon layer (3) through a peeling layer (3A).    USE - For manufacturing a thin film semiconductor element, e.g. a solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - The yield is improved since natural peeling of the epitaxial layer from a semiconductor substrate can be restrained as the epitaxial layer is formed on the silicon layer through a peeling layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the production of a solar battery element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Porous silicon layers (3,6)    Peeling layer (3A)    Epitaxial layer (4)    Single-crystal-silicon substrate (5)
NOVELTY - Thin and thick aluminum electrodes (55a,55b) are formed in the back side of a silicon substrate (1) including a BSF layer (4).    USE - As a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the manufacturing cost of the solar cell, as cost of aluminum is less.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the production of a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the solar cell.    Silicon substrate (1)    BSF layer (4)    Thin aluminum electrode (55a)    Thick aluminum electrode (55b)
NOVELTY - A p-type crystalline silicon thin film (13) is formed on an n-type single crystal silicon substrate (11), such that the crystal plane of the film is parallel to the amorphous surface of the substrate.    USE - Semiconductor devices, e.g. such as bipolar transistors, or memories and thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a highly efficient semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a thin film solar cell.    n-type single crystal silicon substrate (11)    p-type crystalline silicon thin film (13)
NOVELTY - A light-permeable-electrode (12) has a transparent conductive film comprising zinc oxide doped with silicon and another transparent conductive film consisting zinc oxide.    USE - Optoelectric transducer such as a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides reliable low resistance characteristics and high weather-proofing characteristics, even when low cost zinc oxide is used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Light-permeable-electrode (12)
NOVELTY - A light permeable electrode (2) formed on a glass substrate (1), comprises an aluminum doped zinc oxide layer (2b) formed on a non-doped zinc oxide layer (2a).    USE - Optoelectric transducer, e.g. a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the electrical resistance of the light permeable electrode by forming an aluminum doped zinc oxide layer on the non-doped zinc oxide layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the production of an optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (1)    Light permeable electrode (2)    Non-doped zinc oxide layer (2a)    Aluminum doped zinc oxide layer (2b)
NOVELTY - An indium layer (21), a layer (22) containing copper and gallium, and a layer (23) containing copper are laminated sequentially on a substrate (10) using sputtering method so as to form a precursor thin film (20). The precursor thin film is heat processed in an atmosphere containing selenium.    USE - For forming compound semiconductor thin film and substrate of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Uniformity of gallium distribution in the film thickness direction is improved. Prevents segregation of gallium on surface of substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of precursor thin film formed on a substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (10)    Precursor thin film (20)    Layers of precursor thin film (21, 22, 23)
NOVELTY - A coating solution consists of a composition containing a silica material, a surfactant, a catalyst, water and a solvent. It contains a halogen impurity, 10 ppm or less, and a sodium impurity, 10 ppm or less.    USE - The method produces the coating solution for producing the thin film for use in a low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film for semiconductors, optical wave guide, Glotzl type solar cell, photocatalyst and catalyst support.    ADVANTAGE - The coating solution yields the high-purity low-dielectric constant film for the semiconductors.
NOVELTY - The substrate (100) includes P type extrinsic and intrinsic polycrystalline silicon layers (131, 133) of thickness 2 nm-4 microns, on a base layer (110).    USE - For photovoltaic cell like thin film polycrystalline solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - By fabricating the substrate beforehand in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment, the photovoltaic cell can be manufactured in short time using the substrate. The damage of diamond saw during dicing of the substrate can be eliminated by using base layer of specific thickness, hence material loss can also be eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the substrate manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the substrate.    Substrate (100)    Base layer (110)    Polycrystalline silicon layers (131, 133)
NOVELTY - The catalyst contains oxidized diamond as carrier on which nickel is supported.    USE - For producing synthesis gas (claimed) from low saturated hydrocarbon, such as methane, ethane and propane.    ADVANTAGE - The undesirable reaction and carbon precipitation at high temperature are inhibited. The catalyst has high catalytic activity for longer duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for production of synthesis gas which involves reacting low saturated hydrocarbon and oxygen at 550-700degreesC, in presence of the above catalyst.
NOVELTY - A carbon fiber bundle comprises carbon fibers collected together without using a binding agent. The carbon fiber bundle has a length of 10 m or more, and the end bending volume per 10 cm length of the carbon fiber bundle is 1.0 cm or less.    USE - Used for a battery material, e.g. a secondary battery material and a fuel cell material.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon fiber material has good handling properties and high quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of a carbon fiber bundle, which involves spinning carbon fibers using pitch as raw material, performing insolubilization, carbonization and graphitization. The temperature is increased at the rate of 30-80 degrees C/hour from the softening temperature of carbon fiber to the highest insolubilization temperature, during insolubilization. The carbon fiber bundle undergoes 0-2 wt.% reduction during carbonization.
NOVELTY - The module has sealing material film (202) laminated on either surface of a transparent substrate (201). The sealing material film contains ethylene vinyl acetate polymer in which 20-26 weight percentage of vinyl acetate content is provided and melt flow rate is 0.8-4 g/10min.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell module is cheap and is excellent in reliability and productivity, over a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for rotor cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of solar cell module.    Transparent substrate (201)    Sealing material film (202)
NOVELTY - The substrates (P-1,P-2) have electrode layers (12,13), a semiconductor film (12), and electrolyte layer formed in between them. A visible light anti-reflective coating layer is formed on a ultra violet rays shield film (16) which is formed on the substrate (P-2).    USE - For solar cells, it is used for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Has high photoelectric conversion efficiency for a long period of time. Reduces the photoelectric leakage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrates (P-1,P-2)    Electrode layers (11,13)    Semiconductor film (12)    Shield film (16)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (10) is clamped between the walls (2d) of a housing (2).    USE - Portable apparatus e.g. notebook personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell stack is mounted on the portable apparatus without enlarging the apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the housing in which the fuel cell stack is mounted. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Housing (2)    Walls (2d)    Fuel cell stack (10)
NOVELTY - A gaseous diffusion layer (24) is arranged between a cathode catalyst layer (22) and a cathode side separation plate (60). Water retention and flow of oxidizing agent gas is higher in a region (24B) of the gaseous diffusion layer, when compared with that of the region (24A).    USE - For power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Gaseous diffusion property is improved over the entire region of solid polymer film and electrode catalyst layer. Therefore, high performance of power generation is carried out.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional model of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cathode catalyst layer (22)    Gaseous diffusion layer (24)    Regions of gaseous diffusion layer (24A,24B)    Cathode side separation plate (60)
NOVELTY - A hot water reservoir accumulates heat generated in the fuel cell (11) during power generation and supplies hot water.    USE - For domestic purposes.    ADVANTAGE - Enables effective use of generated heat using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the power supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (11)
NOVELTY - A separation line (9) formed between rear electrode films (50) of the solar cell, is patterned through a resist film (6). The electrode films and a photoelectric conversion film (3) are partially removed to form a light transmission openings (10) in the cell.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Light transmission through the solar cell is improved and manufacturing process is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    Photoelectric conversion film (3)    Resist film (6)    Separation line (9)    Light transmission openings (10)    Rear electrode films (50)
NOVELTY - The diamond complex film is formed from chemical vapor deposition by using microwave plasma method on the diamond-like film made by using high-frequency plasma method. After having been applied on a silicon solar cell and infrared detector, the diamond complex film possesses optical reflection reducing effect.    USE - The invented product can be used in infrared detector, in particular in HgTe device, so as to solve light transmission material, and raise its average transmission rate.    ADVANTAGE - The invention solves the problem of poor photoelectric conversion effect and light transmission of this type of photoelectric device, and possesses better passivation function. In particular, it can widen spectral response wavelength range of the silicon solar cell, and its reflection reducing rate is 40% approaching to theoretical value.
NOVELTY - In a process to supply pure oxygen for respiration, water is split by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is admixed to respiratory air while the hydrogen is simultaneously used in a fuel cell to generate electricity that is used in the electrolysis process. The two processes are especially coupled in a single assembly.    USE - The assembly assists patients with pathological lung damage, supports intensive care patients or athletes in training.    ADVANTAGE - Energy derived from the fuel cell reduces the energy demand for electrolysis.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also claimed is a suitable assembly (1) with an oxygen supply (11) and an electronic control unit (12) which regulates the admixture of oxygen to respiratory air during inhalation. The electrolysis unit and/or fuel cell consist of a poly-electrolyte membrane cell within a single integrated unit. The cell has a water storage unit (2) which is a metal hydride storage unit or pressure storage unit and is linked to with a fuel-reformer unit. The external energy supply is either an accumulator or mains electricity. The fuel call may alternatively be a direct methanol fuel cell. The unit may be constructed for fixed or mobile use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a block diagram of the process. (Drawing includes non English-language text).    Oxygen supply assembly (1)    oxygen feed (11)    pressurized oxygen bottle (4)    control unit (12)
NOVELTY - A gas purification system comprises a reaction catalyst coating in contact with exterior side of heat conduit wall; a gas selective membrane within reactor volume between reactor wall and conduit wall; an outlet channel for removing raffinate from contact with selective membrane; and a passageway for the removal of gas from the interior of the reactor.    USE - For the purification of hydrogen from a mixture of gases.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus achieves thermal integration of a heat source and a reaction catalyst to allow heat to transfer through a solid component to the reaction catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas purification system comprises a reactor having a reactor volume and a reactor wall. The reactor wall having an interior side (18) and an exterior side (16) defines a communicating portal for a mixed gas flow. A heat conduit within the reactor volume has a conduit wall. The conduit wall having an interior side and an exterior side defines a channel for passing a heated material through the reactor volume. A reaction catalyst coating (28) is in contact with the exterior side of the conduit wall. A gas selective membrane is within the reactor volume disposed between the reactor wall and the conduit wall. The gas membrane is in contact with the mixed gas flow. It selectively passes a constituent gas of the mixed gas flow such that a raffinate of the mixed gas flow is retained in contact with the membrane. An outlet channel removes the raffinate from contact with the selective membrane. A passageway (24) is provided for the removal of the constituent gas from the interior of the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a membrane reactor apparatus including a reaction catalyst coated on the external wall of the reactor of the invention.    Exterior side (16)    Interior side (18)    Passageway (24)    Reaction catalyst coating (28)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an ion exchange membrane positioned between the first and second electrodes. The second electrode is formed from a carbon material consisting of fullerene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanofiber, or metal encapsulated fullerene.    USE - For stationary and portable power applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a safe, efficient and cost effective fuel cell that is suitable for mass production. It eliminates the need for complicated gas feeding and extracting circulation systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for generating electricity from a fuel cell comprising directing oxygen to the one electrode, and directing hydrogen to the other electrode.
NOVELTY - Multiple layered gas diffusion layer contains buffer layers (2) for controlling gas and water management between a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer (3).    USE - Used in hydrogen-operated and/or reformate-operated fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Gas and water management can be easily controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a membrane electrode arrangement, comprising:    forming a suspension containing carbon and/or carbon-containing material, a hydrophobic polymer and a liquid;    applying a suspension to form a buffer layer on a gas diffusion layer containing no hydrophobic polymer, and drying;    heat treating the layers at 300-450. preferably 370-420 degrees C;    producing a suspension to form a further buffer layer containing a hydrophobic polymer, carbon and/or carbon-containing material and a liquid;    applying the suspension to the buffer layer and drying; heat treating the layers at 300-450. preferably 370-420 degrees C;    electrochemically depositing the catalyst and/or catalyst layer to the buffer layer furthest away from the gas diffusion layer; and placing the electrode in 0.1 M H2SO4.    Preferred Features: The buffer layers contains carbon and/or carbon-containing material and a hydrophobic polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the membrane electrode arrangement.    Carbon paper (1)    Buffer layer (2)    Buffer layer (3)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (4)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen recharging system includes an electrolyzer, a hydrogen gas accumulator, and a dryer. Hydrogen gas produced by the electrolyzer is dried and stored in the accumulator.    USE - For fuel cell hydride storage reservoir.    ADVANTAGE - The invention rapidly charge hydrogen fuel to the fuel storage reservoir.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen recharging system for fuel cell hydride storage reservoir comprises an electrolyzer, a hydrogen gas accumulator, and a dryer between and connected to the electrolyzer and the accumulator. The electrolyzer hydrolyzes liquid water to hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and is connected to a water supply. The hydrogen gas produced by the electrolyzer is dried, and stored in the accumulator such that when a user connects the fuel cell hydride storage reservoir to the hydrogen recharging system, the stored hydrogen gas is rapidly transferred from the accumulator to the hydride storage reservoir, to be retained in the hydride storage reservoir in the form of a metal hydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the self-contained hydrogen recharging system.
NOVELTY - A mixed gas comprising fuel containing a carbon compound, and steam is contacted with reactor bed (1) comprising a reforming catalyst and carbon dioxide adsorbent. The mixed gas is converted into hydrogen, and co-generating carbon dioxide is adsorbed onto adsorbent. The reactor bed is heated to desorb adsorbed carbon dioxide from adsorbent and to regenerate carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of adsorbent.    USE - For generating hydrogen used for synthesis of ammonia, and as fuel for automotive fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method generates hydrogen in single reactor at low temperature of 300-700 degreesC. Hence degradation of reforming catalyst is inhibited and degree of freedom in selection of catalyst is upgraded. Reformed fuel gas containing 100 volume% of hydrogen and free of carbon monoxide and methane is obtained using a compact apparatus. Since the fuel is combusted adjacent to the carbon dioxide adsorbent, the generated heat is utilized efficiently for heating the adsorbent, hence the adsorbent can be regenerated quickly. By carrying out contacting and heating steps alternately, the time for heating is reduced to few seconds and the time for contacting step is extended. Hence hydrogen can be generated efficiently. By installing exhaust gas supplying unit, indirect heating of reactor bed by the exhaust is made possible, thereby the temperature increment of the reactor bed is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for generating hydrogen comprising a reactor bed comprising a reforming catalyst and a carbon dioxide adsorbent, a source gas supplying unit for supplying a mixed gas to reactor bed, a heating unit for heating the reactor bed and a temperature controlling unit for controlling temperatures of the reactor bed during contacting and heating stages.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of generation process of hydrogen.    Reactor bed (1)
NOVELTY - Providing a liquid fuel composition for fuel cells that can produce high power and is stable table in contact with the catalytic anode when the electrochemical circuit is broken.    USE - For fuel cells, such as electrochemical fuel cells for generating electricity (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The primary fuel of the fuel composition is a surface-active compound, such as methanol that acts to prevent unwanted decomposition of the auxiliary fuel. The auxiliary fuel is hydrogen-containing inorganic compound with high reduction potential, such as sodium borohydride, which acts as a highly reactive source of energy and serves to catalyze the catalytic oxidation of the primary fuel. The fuel cell comprising the fuel composition produces high power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel composition (24) comprises a primary fuel including at least one surface-active compound and an auxiliary fuel including at least one hydrogen-containing inorganic compound with a high reduction potential.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell (10) for generation of electric power which comprises an anode (20), a cathode (14) and fuel composition (24); and    (2) a method for generating electricity which involves providing a circuit (26) connecting cathode and anode of the fuel cell, and contacting fuel composition with anode to oxidize fuel composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of the fuel cell comprising the fuel composition.    Fuel cell (10)    Cathode (14)    Anode (20)    Fuel composition (24)    Circuit (26)
NOVELTY - The cartridge (1) comprising hydrogen occlusion material (8) has a display unit (7) for displaying the barcode representing the identification (ID) of the cartridge.    USE - For hydrogen gas supply system that supplies hydrogen gas to power generating device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy management of the hydrogen cartridge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The display unit is in the housing of the hydrogen cartridge. An IC chip of the display unit comprises hydrogen occlusion material. A prevention unit is released by a specific jig to prevent a user from opening the hydrogen cartridge. A dispersion prevention unit prevents dispersion of the hydrogen occlusion material in the cartridge.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a gas supply system which has a detector to detect whether the hydrogen cartridge has a specific ID. The detected ID is combined with replenishment information related to the hydrogen gas;    (2) a hydrogen cartridge management method which involves acquiring replenishment information related to hydrogen gas from a predetermined information network and integrating the acquired replenishment information with the corresponding ID; and    (3) a power generating device which includes a cup-shaped filter which comprises carbonaceous occlusion material or hydrogen occlusion alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective and sectional views of the hydrogen cartridge.    Cartridge (1)    Display unit (7)    Hydrogen occlusion material (8)
NOVELTY - Several flow path holes (31a-31c) are formed in the casing (31). Several tubular valves (32a-32c) are coaxially arranged in the flow path holes, so as to adjust the flow passage area individually by rotation of the valve.    USE - In fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of the system is attained, as the structure is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of flow control valve.    Casing (31)    Flow path holes (31a-31c)    Tubular valves (32a-32c)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen peroxide is formed by electrolysis of raw material gas containing oxygen. The generated hydrogen peroxide is decomposed in the presence of manganese oxide to generate oxygen.    USE - For manufacture of oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - Produces oxygen efficiently and reduces power consumption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for oxygen manufacturing device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of oxygen manufacturing device.
NOVELTY - A mixed gas unit (20) to which mixed gas is supplied has a hydrogen separation membrane (12). A power supply (26) supplies electricity to a base material (14), to heat the membrane and extract hydrogen from the mixed gas.    USE - Hydrogen extraction apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By supplying electricity to the base material, hydrogen permeation of the separation membrane is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen extraction apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation membrane (12)    Base material (14)    Mixed gas unit (20)    Power supply (26)
NOVELTY - Reducing the overall size of the on-board power system by minimizing the insulating material, thus allowing the steam reformer to be operated at relatively low temperature.    USE - For alcohol steam reforming by passing water and alcohol, i.e. methanol, in contact with the catalyst at 250-320 degrees C to obtain a volumetric productivity of at least 10000 ml hydrogen/ml catalyst.hour, and forming hydrogen form the reaction of the alcohol and water vapor at at least 1.5 mole methanol/g catalyst.hour (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has superior performance and better characteristics, and provides high conversions at short contact times, selectivity control, and low temperature operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalyst comprises a metal oxide support, a coating comprising zinc on the metal oxide support, and palladium in contact with the coating. The catalyst possesses a volumetric productivity of at least 10000 ml hydrogen/ml catalyst.hour.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel processing system comprising a fuel source connected to a reactor containing a palladium on zinc oxide catalyst having a pore volume and at least 20% of the catalyst's pore volume has pores in size of 0.1-300 mum; and a fuel cell connected to the reactor so that the hydrogen gas generated in the reactor can flow into the fuel cell;and    (2) making a catalyst comprising adding a solution comprising dissolved zinc to a solid metal oxide support, adding a base to increase pH, and depositing a palladium metal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plot of carbon monoxide selectivity versus catalyst bed temperature for powder catalysts.
NOVELTY - Reactor (1) has a feed channel (3) for an operating material; and an inlet (2) of a supply channel leading into the feed channel. The inlet and an inlet side of the reactor for the operating material includes an angle alpha of 20-70degrees.    USE - Used as a fuel cell or heat exchanger (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The operating material can be uniformly distributed in the reactor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for distributing an operating material in the reactor.    Preferred Features: The inlet and the inlet side of the reactor for the operating material includes an angle alpha of 45degrees. The cross-section of the feed channel decreased by 40-60% over its length. The cross-section of a removal channel (4) for a reaction product increases over its length, preferably by 40-60degrees. The outlet (5) of the removal channel and the outlet side of the reactor includes an angle alpha' of 20-70, preferably 45degrees.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the reactor.    reactor (1)    inlet of supply channel (2)    feed channel (3)    removal channel (4)    outlet of removal channel (5)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack includes substacks (12,14) having specific number of stacked unit cells. The substacks are positioned on the upstream and downstream side of reaction gas flow. The discharge passages (52b,46b) of substack (12) are connected to the supply passages (52a,46a) of substack (14). The additional reaction gas supply passages (53,47) are provided in substack (14) for supplying a reaction gas of lower humidity to substack (12).    USE - Fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The size of humidifying structure is reduced since the amount of water needed for humidifying the reaction gas of the whole fuel stack is reduced by supplying humidified reaction gas. The current density distribution is kept uniform and the electric power generation performance and durability are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stack operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel cell stack.    Substacks (12,14)    Supply passages (52a,46a)    Discharge passages (52b,46b)    Additional reaction gas supply passages (53,47)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell stack comprises alternating fuel cells (14, 21, 27) and bipolar plates (15), and an electrolyte chamber which is sealed to prevent contact between the bipolar plates and a liquid electrolyte.    USE - Used for producing electrical energy from hydrogen and oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of the liquid electrolyte is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably a separate frame (1, 17) is present for each fuel cell. Gas distribution channels and gas collecting channels are formed by openings in the frames. The liquid electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution or phosphoric acid. A plastic film is used as a seal between the frames.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell stack.    Separate frame (1, 17)    Fuel cells (14, 21, 27)    Bipolar plates (15)
NOVELTY - Boron complexes of highly condensed 6,12-diaza-1,7-diketo-perylene compounds with four condensed benzene rings at positions 2/3, 4/5, 8/9 and 10/11.    USE - Electroluminescent compounds (I) are used as organic semi-conducting material in hole- and/or electron-transporting layers of organic light-emitting diodes or in organic electronic components and also in organic solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - New organic electroluminescent chromophores with intense red emission, showing good thermal and photochemical stability (decomposition at not below 470degreesC), easily prepared and easily handled in mass production processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Highly condensed boron complexes of formula (I):    R1, R2 = H, halogen, pseudohalogen, nitrile and/or nitro, or -NR3R4, -OR5, -PR3R4 or -SR6, and/or R1/R2 = a condensed carbo- or hetero-cyclic ring;    R3-R6 = H, 1-20C alkyl (branched or unbranched, optionally with various functional groups containing N, O, S and/or P atoms), aryl or heteroaryl;    X1, X2 = halogen (preferably fluorine), 1-20C alkyl (as above) or aryloxy, or X1 plus X2 and the linking boron atom may form a ring with an at least bidentate ligand with hydroxyl and/or carboxylic acid groups, preferably a diol, hydroxycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid which forms groups such as -OC2H4O-, -OC3H6O-, glycolate, lactate, tartrate, salicylate, mandelate, benzilate, 1,2- or 1,3-hydroxy-naphthoate, oxalate, malonate, alkylmalonate or dialkylmalonate.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for the production of (I) from the corresponding diazaperylenes (II) by reaction with boron esters of carboxylic acids, di- or oligo-carboxylic acids or hydroxy-carboxylic acids and/or with complex adducts of boron halides.
NOVELTY - Process for assembling a polymer membrane in a fuel cell (1a, 1b) comprises partially stretching the membrane (4) before assembly to achieve the prescribed assembly dimensions.    USE - Used in the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane can be easily handled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: the membrane used in the process; and a fuel cell containing the membrane. Preferred Features: The membrane used has basic dimensions which are small enough to achieve the assembly dimensions and having a moisture corresponding to the operational state in the fuel cell and the mechanical extension to achieve the assembly dimensions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell stack.    fuel cells (1a, 1b)    membrane (4)    anode (5)    cathode (6)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell having a gas control valve, comprises a fuel cell unit containing a cathode (50), an anode (30), an electrolyte (40) between cathode and anode, an inlet and outlet coupled to the fuel cell unit, an actuator disposed in the gas control valve, and a reducing gas supply for actuating the actuator and for regulating gas to the fuel cell unit.    USE - For supplying electric power to automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The gas control valve alleviates anode oxidation by saturating the anode with hydrogen based reducing gas. The gas control valve permits variation of flow of hydrogen based contaminants/activation gas, variation of flow of reformate into the fuel cell and flow of unreacted fuel out of fuel cell in a compact design. The valve ensures a constant supply of reducing gas to prevent anode oxidation, thereby extending the life and improving the performance of fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell gas control valve for regulating fuel concentration in fuel cell; and    (2) a method of supplying and containing a flow of reducing gas within a fuel cell, utilizing a gas control valve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows view of electrochemical cell.    Anode (30)    Electrolyte (40)    Cathode (50)
NOVELTY - An integrated thin film battery comprises a substrate made of an electrical insulation material and etched to form a groove. Thin film batteries are formed on the groove for charging and discharging electrical energy. The batteries include an anode, an electrolyte, a cathode, and anode and cathode current collectors respectively contacting the anode and cathode.    USE - Integrated thin film battery.    ADVANTAGE - Desired charging and discharging capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for fabricating an integrated thin film battery comprising etching a surface of the substrate (20) to form a first groove, forming battery layers on the first groove, forming lead wires (29, 35) for connecting first and second current collectors, and forming a protective layer (37) made of an insulation material on the battery layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the integrated thin film battery.    Substrate (20)    Current collectors (22, 27, 30, 36)    Walls (23a, 23b)    Thin film batteries (24-26, 32-34)    Electrical insulation material (28)    Lead wires (29, 35)    Protective layer (37)
NOVELTY - Reacted fuel gas exhausted from a fuel cell (10) is diluted by passing it from the fuel cell through a hydrogen dilution device (16) prior to release into the atmosphere. When it is released from the hydrogen dilution device into the atmosphere, the percentage of hydrogen in the atmosphere immediately surrounding the fuel cell is less than 4.1 volume %.    USE - For diluting reacted fuel gas that is exhausted from a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method keeps the concentration of hydrogen in the atmosphere immediately surrounding a fuel cell below the explosive limits, thus creating a safer hydrogen fuel cell for the consumer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures are schematic diagrams of a fuel cell and a hydrogen dilution device, respectively.    fuel cell (10)    purge valve (14)    hydrogen dilution device (16)
NOVELTY - A direct mass and heat transfer device is secured with both an oxidant stream entering into a fuel cell and an exhaust stream leaving the fuel cell. The device secures an inter-digitated enthalpy exchange device (12) between the oxidant and exhaust streams to transfer mass and heat between the streams and to prevent bulk mixing of the streams within the device.    USE - Fuel cell power plant for use in transportation vehicles or portable/stationary power plants, for powering electrical apparatus such as apparatus on-board space vehicles, and on-site generators for buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The enthalpy exchange device provides for direct transfer of mass and heat from the exhaust stream to the oxidant stream while restricting loss of liquid from the plant in the exhaust stream. Provides for enhanced filtration of fine dust particles within the process oxidant stream entering the fuel cell, and suppresses noise of a blower located between the direct mass and heat transfer device and the fuel cell that could pass along the process oxidant stream and out of the plant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for exchanging mass and heat from a plant exhaust stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the inter-digitated enthalpy exchange device.    inter-digitated enthalpy exchange device (12)
NOVELTY - Biological fuel cell using electrodes fixing transition metals which can convert directly the reducing power generated from the energy metabolism of microorganism into electric energy without using electron transfer media.    USE - Biological fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The biological fuel cell comprises: an anode fixing the transition metal capable of reduction by the reducing powder generated from the energy metabolism of microorganism, wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper(II) oxide, nickel oxide, and tin oxide; a cathode fixing the transition metal capable of oxidation by oxygen, wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron(III) oxide, zinc oxide, and aluminium oxide; a reaction tank of the cathode and the anode; an electrolyte; an ion permeation membrane being at least one selected from the group consisting of a fine glass particle sintered ion exchange membrane, a ceramic ion exchange membrane, and a synthetic resin ion exchange membrane; a microorganism catalyst.
NOVELTY - An electrode layer (3) formed on the bottom of a crystallization semiconductor particle (5) on a substrate (2), consists of aluminum alloy and any one element chosen from magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium or of several composition.    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the corrosion on the surface of the substrate and provides favorable conversion effectiveness.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of the photoelectric convertor.    substrate (2)    electrode layer (3)    semiconductor particle (5)
NOVELTY - An electrode layer (3) formed on the substrate (2) is made of alloy of aluminum and 1.5-3 weight % of silicon. Multiple crystallized semiconductor particles (5) are arranged on the electrode layer. An electrode layer (6) is laminated over the crystallized semiconductor particles.    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains strength of the substrate by avoiding excess melting of the crystallized semiconductor particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (2)    electrode layer (3)    crystallized semiconductor particle (5)    electrode layer (6)
NOVELTY - A multilayered photoelectric conversion film (3) formed over a light permeable electrode (2) containing SnO2 membrane, has sequentially laminated i-type amorphous silicon membranes (3b,3c). The chlorine content of the silicon membrane (3c) of thickness of about 1000 Angstrom or more, is lesser than that of the silicon membrane (3b).    USE - Solar cell especially pin type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency by avoiding diffusion of chlorine and improves reliability of solar cell by using silicon membranes of different chlorine content.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the pin type solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    light permeable electrode (2)    multilayered photoelectric conversion film (3)    silicon membranes (3b,3c)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen occluding alloy has composition given by (TiaCrbMcXd), where M is at least one of V, W, and Mo, X is at least one rare earth element, (b/a) is 0.8-2.0, c is 0-5.0, and d is 0-1.0.    USE - Used as hydrogen holders, for use in e.g. fuel cell..    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen occluding capacity can be raised about 5 times as those of conventional alloy, and equilibrium hydrogen pressure of plateau can be decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The alloy has BCC structured phase as its main phase, includes 100-1000 ppm of residual oxygen, and the average diameter of BCC structured particles is 100-1000 nm.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of manufacturing the above alloy by quenching from its molten state.
NOVELTY - The solar cell has a semiconductor layer that constitutes a reverse electronic injection prevention film (10) laminated on a photoelectric conversion film (11). The electronic injection prevention and photoelectric conversion films are made of metallic oxide and the thickness of the films are within the range of 1-50 mum and 1 nm to 1 mum, respectively.    USE - Pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables high conversion efficiency since a photoelectric converting film is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    Reverse electronic injection prevention film (10)    Photoelectric conversion film (11)
NOVELTY - The device consists of a ducted rocket engine (2) and a fuel cell (10). Electricity generation is carried out by the fuel cell using the heating gas generated in the primary combustion chamber (5) of the ducted rocket engine.    USE - For generating electric power for electronic devices mounted in missiles.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation during missile operation period is carried out continuously, by combining the ducted rocket engine and the fuel cell. Electricity generation efficiency is improved. Separate heating equipment is not required and thus size-reduction of the apparatus is attained. Specific fuel consumption is optimized. Fuel cell with low operation temperature is also employed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the electric power generating device mounted in missile. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Ducted rocket engine (2)    Combustion chamber (5)    Fuel cell (10)
NOVELTY - A combustion pipe (7) has inner cylinder (7A) and outer cylinder (7B). The inner cylinder is supplied with methanol through injection valve (14), and air. The injection valve is cooled by the air supplied in the exterior space between inner and outer cylinders which also adjust the air fuel ratio of combustion gas obtained by reacting methanol and air.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Combustion gas rich in air is obtained and supply of methanol is controlled by injection valve. The air supplied in the exterior space cools the injection valve for methanol supply, hence formation of soot by hydrocarbon group adhering to the inner cylinder is inhibited.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of combustion pipe.    Combustion pipe (7)    Inner cylinder (7A)    Outer cylinder (7B)    Injection valve (14)
NOVELTY - Combustion of fuel (E) and an oxidizing agent (H) is performed in a chamber (13), to heat a heat exchange equipment installed in the chamber. The heat exchange equipment heats a heat accumulation medium (A).    USE - For generating power.    ADVANTAGE - Apparatus of small size and simple structure is obtained, by installing the heat exchange equipment inside the combustion chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model and a sectional view of power generating device.    Chamber (13)    Accumulation medium (A)    Fuel (E)    Oxidizing agent (H)
NOVELTY - Gas supply path (36) supplies gas from reformer (4) to fuel cell in fuel cell stack (6). Gas storage tank (66) is connected to the gas supply path (36) and recovery path (60). The hydrogen sensors (90,92) detect respectively the operating state of reformer and fuel cell. An electronic control unit (ECU) (10) controls the storage and emission of gas by gas storage tank based on detection results.    USE - Fuel cell system for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Balance between the heating gas formation and consumption, is maintained stably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of fuel cell system for vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (4)    Fuel cell stack (6)    ECU (10)    Gas supply path (36)    Recovery path (60)    Gas supply tank (66)    Hydrogen sensors (90,92)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a gas storage tank (66) for storing unreacted heating gas ejected from a fuel cell, connected in the middle of a gas recovery line (60) which connects fuel cell and a gas treatment equipment. A supply apparatus supplies stored unreacted heating gas to a reformer (4), fuel cell and/or gas treatment equipment.    USE - For generating electric power by reaction of heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of electric power is carried out effectively, without wasting unreacted heating gas. Heat of combustion of the unreacted heating gas is utilized effectively for reforming reaction, and excess amount of unreacted gas is stored effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system has reformer which forms heating gas which is supplied to a fuel cell, and generates electric power through reaction of heating gas. The system has a gas storage tank for storing unreacted heating gas ejected from the fuel cell, connected in the middle of a gas recovery line which connects fuel cell and a gas treatment equipment. A supply apparatus supplies stored unreacted heating gas to reformer, fuel cell and/or gas treatment equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (4)    Gas recovery line (60)    Gas storage tank (66)
NOVELTY - Hot gas is supplied from a reformer (4) to a fuel cell stack (6) through gas supply path (36). A gas recovery line (60) collects the hot gas emitted from the fuel cell stack. A hot gas storage tank (66) is connected to the gas supply path and recovery line. A detector (86) detects electric power generated by the fuel cell stack, based on which an ECU (10) makes the storage tank store hot gas.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Need for carrying out incineration process of collected hot gas, is eliminated, thus cost is reduced and efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (4)    Fuel cell stack (6)    Electronic control unit (10)    Gas supply path (36)    Gas recovery line (60)    Gas storage tank (66)    Detector (86)
NOVELTY - A hybrid organic solar cell is produced by introducing a semiconducting oxide layer (SOL) through thermal deposition.    USE - For producing a hybrid organic solar cell (claimed) useful in terrestrial applications.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method using the SOL improves the efficiency of the organic solar cells due to the enhancement of an electron transport to an anode. It provides an organic solar cell which is both inexpensive to produce and sufficiently efficient as to be promising in view of future terrestrial applications. The solar cell can further be produced on the flexible substrates.
NOVELTY - Not more than 30 weight % of graphite flakes of size 80 mesh are treated with an intercalating solution to form heat-expandable, intercalated graphite flakes. The flakes are exposed to elevated temperature so as to be exfoliated into expanded particles. The particles are passed through pressure rolls to form a compressed sheet.    USE - For membrane electrode assembly and sealing gasket (claimed), for electrochemical fuel cell components, fluid flow field plates, seals and gas diffusion layers.    ADVANTAGE - The flexible graphite sheet has increased isotropy, which is useful in enhancing the sealing properties of gasket. Decreased electrical resistivity across the plane of the sheet and better thermal conductivity are ensured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Flexible graphite sheet comprising compressed mass of expanded graphite particles;    (2) Membrane electrode assembly comprising pair of electrodes with ion exchange membrane in between. At least one of the electrodes is formed of a sheet of compressed mass of expanded graphite particles; and    (3) Sealing gasket formed of flexible roll-pressed sheet of expanded natural graphite.
NOVELTY - Preparation of a metal borohydride comprises reacting a borate and a metal hydride in a reducing atmosphere at 500-1,000 degrees C under a specific pressure.    USE - The metal borohydrides obtained can be used as sources of hydrogen in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Borates and metal hydrides can be converted to borohydrides at high yields.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of a metal borohydride comprises reacting a borate and a metal hydride in a reducing atmosphere at 500-1,000 degrees C under a pressure satisfying formula (1) or (2).    47 - 0.084T at most P at most 15 (500 at most T at most 550) (1)    0.8 at most P at most 15 (500 at most T at most 1000) (2)    T = temperature (degrees C); and    P = pressure (MPa).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen occlusion alloy (3) with a degraded oxide film on the surface is heated within a sealing container (1). The oxide film of alloy is removed by reduction reaction for fixed time in hydrogen atmosphere.    USE - For the regeneration of hydrogen occlusion alloy used in fuel cells used as power supplies for electric vehicles and air conditioners.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occlusion alloy can be regenerated in powder form without performing grinding and composition adjustment processes. The alloy can be regenerated easily and inexpensively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a hydrogen occlusion alloy regenerating apparatus.    Sealing container (1)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy (3)
NOVELTY - The catalyst contains (1) a co-catalyst component which comprises a catalyst active ingredient and a heat-resistant oxide; (2) a catalyst support component; and (3) a carrier containing component which neutralizes the acidic site of a catalyst support component.    USE - The hydrogen produced is used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A high conversion ratio of hydrocarbon is enabled, even at low temperature. Precipitation of carbon on catalyst surface is prevented and degradation is reduced. Durability of catalyst is increased. Exterior heat source is not needed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrocarbon modification method, which involves using hydrocarbon modification catalyst and obtaining hydrogen gas by modifying hydrocarbon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used for hydrocarbon modification.
NOVELTY - A titanium oxide film (4) is formed on the upper surface of lower electrode (3) over a substrate (2) of a dry-type solar cell (1) by coating. The surface of titanium oxide film is roughened by blast process, so that surface roughness (Ra) of film is more than the mean particle diameter of titanium oxide powder.    USE - For formation of titanium oxide film (claimed) for single crystal silicon solar cell used for satellite, etc. and amorphous and poly crystalline silicon solar cell for industrial and domestic use, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the titanium oxide film is formed by coating, manufacturing cost of both titanium oxide film and solar cell is reduced, and manufacturing time is also shortened. Since the titanium oxide film having high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained, the size of solar cell is reduced. The photoelectric conversion efficiency can be further improved by suitably selecting the mean particle diameter of titanium oxide powder and surface roughness of titanium oxide film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Titanium oxide film; and    (2) Solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (1)    Substrate (2)    Lower electrode (3)    Titanium oxide film (4)
NOVELTY - A rod-like electroconductive core material is inserted in the hollow portion of a tubing material for heat-resistant coating. The ends of the core material are interrupted from oxygen in air by an interruption unit, and an assembly component (20) is prepared for rolling. The assembly is heated and hot-rolled by a pair of reduction rolls (25) which are mutually rotated in a reverse direction.    USE - For producing conductive material used for heat resistances of fuel cell apparatus for self electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method is simple and economical and provides heat resistances having excellent heat resistance and oxidation resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains a hot rolling process.    Assembly component (20)    Reduction roll (25)
NOVELTY - Controlling the oxidant supply for oxidizing carbon monoxide in a hydrogen gas-rich reformate stream produced by a reformer and supplied to a fuel cell comprises utilizing the flow rates of the inlet streams and the pressures in a reformer to control the flow rate of oxidant to a preferential oxidizer.    USE - For controlling the oxidant supply for oxidizing carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas-rich reformate stream produced by a reformer and supplied to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method controls the amount of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich gas stream to the anode and at the same time minimizing the consumption of the hydrogen in the anode fuel stream.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Controlling the oxidant supply comprises determining a flow rate of inlet streams to the reformer; utilizing the flow rate of the inlet streams to the reformer to determine a flow rate of reformate in an outlet stream from the reformer and determining the carbon monoxide content of the reformate in the reformer outlet stream; utilizing the determined flow rate of the reformate in the reformer outlet stream and the determined carbon monoxide content to derive a flow rate of oxidant supply to the reformate in the reformer outlet stream to oxidize at least a portion of the carbon monoxide content; determining a rate of change of pressure in the reformer; and utilizing the rate of change of pressure in the reformer to adjust the flow rate of oxidant supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a reformer reactor, preferential oxidizer (prox) and fuel cell with an electronic control module controlling the air injection to the prox and the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A chemical compound from which hydrogen (H2) is hardly obtainable and which has an actual H2 yield of less than 50% of the stoichiometric yield in a raw material is converted by a conversion reaction. H2 is generated from obtained chemical compound from which H2 is obtainable and which has actual hydrogen yield of 50% or more of the stoichiometric yield, by reforming and/or hydrocarbon decomposition.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen from a raw material containing a chemical compound from hydrogen is hardly obtainable and which has actual hydrogen yield of less than 50% of the stoichiometric yield, used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is manufactured from the raw material such as a waste liquid containing chemical compound from which hydrogen is hardly obtainable, inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a system for manufacturing hydrogen which has a converter (2) for converting chemical compound from which H2 is hardly obtainable and which has an actual H2 yield of less than 50% of the stoichiometric yield in the raw material into chemical compound from which H2 is obtainable and which has actual hydrogen yield of 50% or more of the stoichiometric yield, and a reactor (3) for generating hydrogen from the chemical compound from which hydrogen is obtainable by reforming and/or hydrocarbon decomposition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing system.    Converter (2)    Reactor (3)    Conversion catalyst (12)    Hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst (15)
NOVELTY - A rotary thermal storage unit in a reforming section (40), rotates alternately in order to catalytically reform the reforming material flowing in a low temperature fluid passage to a reformed gas containing hydrogen, upon receiving heat from the combustion gas flowing through a high temperature fluid passage.    USE - For fuel cell used in vehicles or gas turbines.    ADVANTAGE - A compact hydrogen supply device that exhausts limited amount of harmful components is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A primary rotary thermal storage section has a reforming catalyst to reform reforming material to reformed gas containing hydrogen upon receiving heat from the combustion gas which is produced by burning an off gas from a hydrogen consumption device. A secondary rotary thermal storage section in an evaporation section is provided with oxidation catalyst to vaporize and heat reforming material in the low temperature fluid passage, by using the heat of the combustion gas. A tertiary rotary thermal storage section has a carbon monoxide (CO) eliminating catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and another rotatory thermal storage moistens the reforming gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen supply device.    Reforming section (40)
NOVELTY - An organic-inorganic composite gradient material contains a composite material with a gradient structure in which the content of the metal component changes from the surface in depth direction continuously and a stabilizer for macromolecular compounds with a gradient structure of the content of the stabilizer in which the content of the stabilizer increases from zero on the surface in depth direction continuously.    USE - The organic-inorganic composite gradient materials are useful for coatings especially for forming intermediate coats between organic substrates and photocatalytically active material layers and thus also for electroluminescent devices, liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, transparent electroconductive films, plastic boards for window glass, CRT displays, flat panel displays, plastic lenses, hard coat films and plastic films.    ADVANTAGE - The organic-inorganic composite gradient materials can excellently suppress deterioration owing to oxygen, light and photocatalytic oxidation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic-inorganic composite gradient material contains a composite material with a gradient structure in which the content of the metal component changes from the surface in depth direction continuously and a stabilizer for macromolecular compounds with a gradient structure of the content of the stabilizer in which the content of the stabilizer increases from zero on the surface in depth direction continuously. The composite material, an organic macromolecular compound and a metal oxide compound are bonded chemically. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for coatings of the organic-inorganic composite gradient materials and structures with a coat of the material on them.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-energy generation system reduces oxidized metal components by redox reaction, after generating hydrogen by water vapor contact, and regenerates the metal fine components.    USE - For regenerating metal fine components, used for fuel cells and reciprocating engines of motor vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen-energy generation system is of simple composition, and has excellent efficiency and total energy balance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of a hydrogen-generation system, using a cartridge container and composition for recovering heat. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A sealing material membrane is integrated and heat-crimped with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer sheets (26,28) provided at both sides of a silicon electricity generating element (12). The EVA copolymer sheets have a melt flow rate of 14 g/10 min. The EVA sheet (28) interposed between a back cover (14) and the silicon electricity generating element, contains coloring agent.    USE - Solar cell sealing material membrane for solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents extrusion of EVA from glass due to heat during manufacturing process. Shortens manufacturing time and enhances productivity of sealing material membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon electricity generating element (12)    Back cover (14)    EVA copolymer sheets (26,28)
NOVELTY - The fuel gas containing hydrogen, water vapor and carbon monoxide, is introduced into the purification equipment. An inorganic separation membrane permits only hydrogen and water vapor in the gas to pass through it, such that the ratio of water vapor concentration and hydrogen concentration is in the range of 0.3-0.6 and a mixed gas with carbon monoxide concentration of 100 parts per million, is obtained.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed) e.g. phosphoric acid type fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate type fuel cell (MCFC), solid electrolyte type fuel cell (SOFC), solid polymer type fuel cell (PEFC) and direct methanol reformation type fuel cell (DMFC), used as power source for motor vehicle and also for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - As the gas purification equipment removes carbon monoxide from the fuel gas, the electricity generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved by utilizing the hydrogen and water vapor in the gas. As the size of humidifier is reduced, the size of fuel cell system is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inorganic separation membrane formed on the surface of a porous support, consists of an amorphous silicon/zirconium oxide layer. The mean pore diameter of the support is less than 0.5 nm and the porosity of the support is 20-40 volume percentage.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell of solid polymer type or phosphoric acid type, which consists of an oxygen pole and a hydrogen pole. The gas purification equipment is connected to the hydrogen pole side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the gas purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A predetermined inorganic material coat (A) is contacted with a collection material (B) having a melting point higher than that of the inorganic material. The inorganic material is heated so that the impurities of the inorganic material are migrated and adhered to the collection material. The collection material with adherent impurities is then removed.    USE - For the production of high purity ceramics, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride for substrates of solar cell, shock absorbent material, melt prevention element in wafer heat processing, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of inorganic material during manufacturing process.    Inorganic material coat (A)    Collection material (B)
NOVELTY - A porous ceramic material comprises a repetitive bonding structure of Si-N. The peak value of the pore volume distribution in the ceramic material is within 0.1-50 nm.    USE - The porous ceramic material is used for gas separation filters, hydrogen separation membranes, molecular sieves or modifiers for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The filter material has chemical stability at high temperature and heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a ceramic film.
NOVELTY - The gas occlusion method involves liquefying a gas and occluding the gas in a solid by capillarity.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The amount of occluded gas with respect to solid is increased. Since the gas is occluded in the solid, the gas is stored without using heavy container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A start up assembly for a fuel cell (3) has a gas generator with a hydrocarbon reformer (1) unit and one or more selective oxidation stages (2) for the removal of carbon monoxide from re-formed substances. The system also has one or more catalytic fuel burners (5). During the warm-up phase one or more of the burners is operated to evaporate fuel and water, and to heat a supplementary partial re-forming unit or a partial oxidation stage (7).    USE - Start-up process for an automotive fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the warm-up time and maximizes the electrical energy available during the warm-up phase.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - During re-forming or partial oxidation, a flow of hydrogen gas is delivered to the fuel cell (3) which then operates at limited power during the warm-up phase. During the warm-up phase, the catalytic burner (5) is pre-heated by electrical power and receives a feed of hydrocarbon fuel or hydrogen from a reservoir. Also claimed is a commensurate process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a bock diagram of the process.    Reformer (1)    selective oxidation stage (2)    fuel cell system (3)    pipe (4)    catalytic burner (5)    evaporator (6)    partial re-forming unit or partial oxidation stage (7)
NOVELTY - An electrically-heated fuel cell reactor (1) has a series of catalyst substrate panels (5) alternating with layers of insulation (6). Several layers of catalyst substrate panels and insulation are transverse to the oncoming flow (S) of the fuel medium which flows vertically between the layers. The catalyst substrate forms part of the electrical circuit.    USE - Power generation fuel cell reactor. The gas flow pattern through the reactor minimizes reactor heat-up time and the presence of reactor inner cold spots.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement minimizes the discharge of unwanted emissions during the warm-up phase.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reactor catalyst (5) substrate has a first (7) and second (8) electrical contacts which are so positioned that the electrical current flows at right angles to the direction (S) of fuel medium flow.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a cross-sectional diagram of the reactor catalytic plate and insulation arrangement.    reactor (1)    fuel supply (2)    discharge (3)    housing (4)    catalyst substrate (5)    insulation (6)    electrical contact (7,8)    conduit (10)    fuel flow (S)
NOVELTY - Alloy composition is given by: TiaCrbMoc , where the atomic weight percentages are given by: a = 25-45, b = 30-65 and c = 5-40.    USE - A hydrogen-storage alloy. It is used, e.g., in hydrogen supply for thermal conversion, for fuel cells, as a negative electrode in a nickel hydrogen battery, as a hydrogen purification and recovery material, and to absorb hydrogen in a hydrogen gas actuator.    ADVANTAGE - Higher storage capacity and outstanding characteristics for hydrogen storage at or near room temperature are offered. The reversible storage reaction is accompanied by thermal transfer which can also be exploited. The alloy better resists storage cycling, with improved retention of its structure and equilibrium dissociation pressure, than prior art alloys. It therefore has a longer service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of manufacture. The alloy of composition as defined, is heated to 1200-1500 degrees C for 1 minute to 24 hours. It is cooled no less rapidly than by water quenching.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The hydrogen pressure-composition isotherm is shown for an alloy conforming with the disclosure.(Drawing includes non-English language text)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell with a catalyst arranged in the exhaust gas region of the system.    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Unwanted removal of alcohol is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the operation of a fuel cell system comprising feeding exhaust gas containing alcohol within the fuel cell system to a catalyst, and using the catalyst to convert the alcohol into water and carbon dioxide.    Preferred Features: The fuel cell is a direct-alcohol fuel cell. The catalyst is arranged in the cathode chamber (3) of the fuel cell. The catalyst is in the form of a porous layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell system.    Anode chamber (1)    Cathode chamber (3)    Catalyst layer (4)
NOVELTY - The flow field plate (302) has fuel gas supply and drain channels (305,306) connected through tapering channels (304). The cross-sectional area of the drain channel is set less than 95% of the cross-sectional area of the supply channel.    USE - For proton exchange membrane fuel cell or electrolyzer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - By reducing the cross-sectional area of the drain channel, uniform pressure drop is maintained across the electrochemically active region of the flow field.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for proton exchange membrane fuel cell or electrolyzer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the flow field plate.    Flow field plate (302)    Tapering channel (304)    Gas supply and drain channels (305,306)
NOVELTY - A power-generation system consists of gasifier and fuel cell modules. The gasifier module performs gasification reaction to convert a fuel into gaseous fuel (12). The modules are arranged, so that the gasifier module supplies gaseous fuel to fuel cell module. A portion of exhaust gas (11) from fuel cell module is recycled back into the gasifier to provide reactant(s) for gasification reaction.    USE - For use in the generation of electrical power (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive system produces power in high efficiency while facilitating capture of carbon dioxide. The use of anode exhaust gas as heat carrier and reactants eliminates the need for additional process steps to generate steam and other reactants and to transfer heat directly to the gasifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the inventive power-generation system.    Exhaust gas (11)    Gaseous fuel (12)
NOVELTY - Coumarin derivative has hydrocarbon groups bonded to 4-position in coumarin skeleton and has julolidine (2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido(3,2,1-ij)quinoline) and benzothiazole skeletons in other positions.    USE - Useful as light absorber or luminescent agent in optical-chemical polymerization, solar batteries, optical filters, lasers etc.    ADVANTAGE - The derivative has long period of light generation and good stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a light absorber containing the derivative,    (2) an organic electro-optical element,    (3) a display panel using the element,    (4) an information display device, and    (5) preparation of the derivative.
NOVELTY - The water transportation system (41a) absorbs water in the vicinity of the fuel cell and the absorbed water is distributed along and throughout a hydrophilic wick, aiding its evaporation into the air.    USE - For laptop computers and cellular telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The water is effectively and efficiently removed. The electrolyzer can supply hydrogen gas to power the device while simultaneously recharging the hydrogen reservoirs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The device comprises an electronic unit and a display screen in a case; a fuel cell providing electric power and creating water as a by-product; and a hydrophilic water transporter for transferring the by-product water away from the fuel cell. The water transporter is located along a perimeter boundary of the case and includes a perforated outer tubular holder associated with the exit opening of the case, and a generally coaxial perforated inner tube. The water transportation system absorbs water in the vicinity of the fuel cell and the absorbed water is distributed along and throughout a hydrophilic wick (43), aiding its evaporation into the air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an enlarged fragmentary view of the electronic device.    Wick material (43)    Wick material individual strands (43a)    Flow passageways (54b)    Fuel cell subunit (63)    Heat transfer plate (65)
NOVELTY - A substrate film consists of an organic-inorganic polymer hybrid film.    USE - The substrate film is used for an electronic display element, electronic optical element, touch panel, or solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate film has high transparency, low water vapor permeability, and low birefringence and provides an organic electroluminescent element having long life and high contrast. A liquid crystal panel using the substrate film and display using the birefringence has less color drift.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic-inorganic polymer hybrid film uses the following as its major constituents: (a) an organic polymer having a solubility to water, 100 g, at 25 degrees C of 0-5 g, and a solubility to acetone, 100 g, of 25-100 g; and (b) a reactive metal compound capable of hydrolytic polycondensation or its hydrolyzed polycondensate.
NOVELTY - The aluminum alloy comprises an aluminum base material impregnated with 15 weight % or less of indium, gallium and/or their alloy.    USE - For hydrogen evolution used for fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is generated by using only water, without using energy. Aluminum and water are easily obtained and aluminum is easily regenerated. Hydrogen of high purity is efficiently generated. Toxic substances are not evolved during process and hence the process is eco-friendly. A simple and light weight hydrogen gas producer is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Hydrogen gas evolution method which involves reacting aluminum alloy or aluminum with water so as to generate hydrogen;    (2) Hydrogen gas producer which generates hydrogen continuously, comprising a container that accommodates aluminum alloy or aluminum with water, and a circuit that circulates water in the container and removes the formed by-product in the middle of the circuit; and    (3) Generator which comprises hydrogen gas producer and fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process drawing of hydrogen gas evolution method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Epoxy resin-containing liquid is applied as a sheet on a support (1) coated with a hard coat layer (8). The epoxy resin layer (5) is cured, and a cured sheet adhered with hard coat layer is formed. The cured sheet is peeled from the support, cured and an inorganic gas barrier layer is applied on epoxy resin layer, to manufacture a resin sheet.    USE - Used as electrode substrate, solar cell substrate for display devices, such as liquid crystal cell substrates for liquid crystal display devices, photoelectrode substrate of photoreceptor application, surface heat emitting element, and electrode substrate for organic electroluminescence.    ADVANTAGE - The resin sheet has small phase difference, heat resistance, favorable coating property, rigidity and surface smoothness. The disorder of the display and disorder of ON/OFF starting can be prevented, and display quality of initial stage is maintained for a long period of time. The resin sheet seldom curls.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of resin sheet.    Support (1)    Epoxy resin layer (5)    Hard coat layer (8)
NOVELTY - The spin density of a silicon thin film (3) provided on a glass substrate (1), analyzed by an electron spin resonance method is less than 1 x 10 to the power 18 pieces/cm cubed.    USE - Photoelectric converter such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances quality of silicon thin film, hence property of photoelectric converter is improved highly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of photoelectric converter. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (1)    Silicon thin film (3)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor composite thin film electrode has a porous semiconductor thin film layer with absorption characteristics to ultra violet ray region and visible light region, on an electroconductive transparent substrate.    USE - Semiconductor composite thin film electrode for solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - High light energy conversion efficiency is achieved by the simple and inexpensive semiconductor composite thin film electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the semiconductor composite thin film electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The equipment has an electrode comprising an acicular semiconductor crystal (17) in which a granular semiconductor crystal (18) is provided by electrodeposition. A coating layer (24) is formed on the crystals.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - A photoelectric conversion equipment with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) photoelectric conversion equipment manufacturing method; and    (2) solar cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an expanded view of the photoelectric conversion apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    acicular semiconductor crystal (17)    granular crystal (18)    coating layer (24)
NOVELTY - A thermal decomposition equipment (31) of a waste plastic processing apparatus (B) decomposes the waste plastic. A cracked distillation drum (32) condenses the oil vapor produced by the decomposition equipment. The light gas released from the cracked distillation drum, is supplied to a power generating device (A) and a light gas buffer tank (35).    USE - Waste plastic processing and electricity generation integrated system.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of driving of the whole system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell power generation device is driven by a fixed electricity generation load. The flow rate of light gas generated from cracked distillation drum, is controlled by changing the temperature of the cracked distillation drum with a heat regulation apparatus provided in the drum. The flow rate of light gas released from the buffer tank, is controlled by changing the temperature of the buffer tank with another heat regulation apparatus provided in the tank. The heating burner for combustion of light gas at high temperature, has a thermometer to monitor the temperature of the burner and a flow rate controller to adjust the flow rate of the light gas according to a signal from the thermometer. The exhaust gas line supplies exhaust gas from the heating burner to the power generation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the waste plastic processing and electricity generation integrated system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thermal decomposition equipment (31)    Cracked distillation drum (32)    Light gas buffer tank (35)    Power generating device (A)    Waste plastic processing apparatus (B)
NOVELTY - The integrated system of waste plastic processing apparatus and fuel cell, has thermal decomposition apparatus (31) for thermally decomposing waste plastic, and fuel cell (A). The gas generated during the decomposition is introduced into the fuel cell through the transduction line (42).    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the integrated system of fuel cell and waste plastic processing apparatus is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the integrated system of fuel cell and waste plastic processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thermal decomposition apparatus (31)    Cracked distillate drum (32)    Heating burner (37)    Transduction lines (42,43)    Flow regulating valves (50a-50e)    Connection line (51)    Oil recovery tower (55)    Control apparatus (60)    Fuel cell (A)
NOVELTY - Distillation drum (32) condenses oil steam produced during thermal decomposition of waste plastic item in a decomposition apparatus (31). The produced light gas is supplied to a modifier (2) of a power generation device (A) through supply line (42). The steam generated by waste heat recovery boiler (40) of power generation device, is supplied to decomposition apparatus and supply line by a steam line (54).    USE - Integrated waste plastic item processing/fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - An increase in efficiency of the driving of the integrated waste plastic item processing/fuel cell electric power generation system, is attained by utilizing the hot steam produced during thermal decomposition of the waste plastic item, for fuel cell power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier modifies the light gas to hydrogen rich gas to be supplied to a fuel cell. A heating burner (37) of the power generation device is also supplied with the light gas through a supply line (43). The supply lines are provided with respective flow regulating valves which are controlled based on the electricity load of the fuel cell power generation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the integrated waste plastic item processing/fuel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (2)    Waste plastic item decomposition apparatus (31)    Cracked distillation drum (32)    Heating burner (37)    Waste heat recovery boiler (40)    Supply lines (42,43)    Steam line (54)    Fuel cell power generation device (A)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide (CO) concentration reduction catalyst contains a metal catalyst and a high heat conduction material with a heat conductivity of more than 30 W.m-1.K-1. The catalyst performs oxidation removal of CO in fuel reformed gas.    USE - For a CO concentration reduction apparatus (claimed), specifically a fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst effectively reduces carbon monoxide concentration in fuel reformed gas. The CO concentration reduction apparatus reduces CO concentration by oxidation without the need for a large or complicated apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for CO concentration reduction equipment using the above CO concentration reduction catalyst. The equipment contains a cooler for removing the heat generated by CO oxidation reaction.
NOVELTY - The module includes several cell groups which are electrically connected in series. The cell groups include cells which are formed on an insulated surface (1) and are divided by a dividing groove (7) in the longitudinal direction.    USE - Used in solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Offer simplified wiring and construction. High output voltage is obtained due to connection of cell groups in series. Ensures effective usage of roof or wall space.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar power generation system using amorphous silicon solar cell module; and    (2) Building materials integrated solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the various stages in the manufacturing process of the amorphous silicon solar cell module.    Insulated surface (1)    Dividing groove (7)
NOVELTY - A carrier is made to support an active metal to prepare a catalyst. The catalyst is applied to a base material to prepare a catalyst carrying base material which is silanized to obtain a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cells such as polyethylene fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst oxidizes selectively carbon monoxide contained in the gas, even when the gas contains moisture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of polyethylene fuel cell apparatus which use carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Production of an electrical contact structure comprises forming a recess (10) in a substrate (3); depositing an electrically conducting substance on a section of the substrate containing the recess so that one section of the electrically conducting substance within the recess is not covered; and contacting the electrically conducting substance during or after deposition with an electrically conducting layer (7).    USE - Used in a solar module containing a number of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Metallization levels of multilayered circuit boards can be electrically connected to each other.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably the recess is formed up to a depth in which the electrically conducting later is arranged and the electrically conducting substance is contacted during deposition with the electrically conducting layer. The substrate is made from a support made from a glass, plastic or metal plate and a structured layer made from plastic, such as polyimide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a solar module.    Substrate (3)    Electrically conducting layer (7)    Recess (10)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generation catalyst comprises a proton conductive material with hydrogen occluded within its crystal lattice.    USE - For use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - This phenomenon of hydrogen generation in the catalyst is a unidirectional diffusion of H+, and therefore new H+ which is diffused into the lattice is captured in the vacancy of the lattice from which the previous H+ has bee eliminated to enable generation of hydrogen gas repeatedly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing hydrogen by contacting the catalyst with a compound containing hydrogen as a constituent element to generate hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Structural model of occluded state of hydrogen in crystal lattice.
NOVELTY - A residual flammable material is purged for stopping operation of hydrogen gas generating system (HGGS), by supplying air into the HGGS after determining the environmental condition that heat generated by a reaction between the residual flammable material within the HGGS and oxygen has no effect on the HGGS. The HGGS generates hydrogen gas by reforming a predetermined raw material.    USE - For stopping operation of hydrogen gas generating system and fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method involves steam purging which enables purging of predetermined or selected compounds within the residual flammable material. Steam purging promotes a temperature decrease of the system. Adverse effects due to condensation of steam and moisture freezing are prevented. The steam is supplied at a pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure to inhibit condensation. The temperature of air supplied in the air purging is reduced to reduce the temperature of the system. Thus, damage due to sudden cooling is prevented. The depressurizing promotes vaporizing of moisture absorbed in the absorbent material, thus inhibiting adverse effects by condensation within the system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) A hydrogen gas generating system which comprises a reforming portion for reforming a preset raw material, an air supply portion for supplying air to the reforming portion and a control portion for controlling the air supply portion during stopping operation; and    (2) A fuel cell system comprising hydrogen gas generating system. The fuel cell generates electricity using generated hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view showing an outline of a fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - The oxidizing agent gas is intermittently introduced to carbon monoxide (CO) selective oxidation device (4) (CO removal device). The oxidation device carries out selective oxidation of CO contained in hydrogen-containing gas ejected from a modifier (3) by the oxidizing agent gas. The intermittent introduction of oxidizing agent gas to the CO selective oxidation device is carried out periodically.    USE - For introducing oxidizing agent gas to CO selective oxidation device using oxidizing agent introduction apparatus for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The reverse shift reaction in CO selective oxidation device is controlled, and selective oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide is accelerated. The carbon monoxide concentration in the heating gas is controlled, by increasing the flow rate of oxidizing agent gas to the selective oxidation device. Thus, the CO concentration of heating gas supplied to fuel cell is controlled reliably, and CO poisoning of fuel cell is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for introducing oxidizing agent gas to CO selective oxidation device. The apparatus consists of an injector which carries out intermittent introduction of oxidation agent gas periodically to CO selective oxidation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system equipped with oxidizing agent gas introduction apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    CO selective oxidation device (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer (2) performs a fuel modification reaction to form heating gas containing hydrogen from lower alcohols such as methanol. The fuel reformer comprises reaction portions (201,202), where the first stage reaction portion of the reformer is heat-resistant and contains copper group fuel modification catalyst.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cells and vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer effectively prevents high temperature degradation of fuel modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (2)    Reaction portions (201,202)
NOVELTY - A metal solution is prepared by dissolving the semiconductor in a metal solvent. The solid substances floating in the metal solution are removed after which the substrate is immersed in it.    USE - Growing liquid phase during manufacture of devices such as solar cell and optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - A device of high quality is manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for liquid phase growth apparatus which has a liquid phase growth tank arranged at the bottom portion of quartz heating apparatus. A metal solution is prepared by dissolving the solute in metal solvent containing In or Sn in a tank so that the metal solution permeates from interior to exterior of the tank. A trap having several holes of diameter 0.1-1 mm at a space interval of 0.5-5 mm removes the solid floating substances in the metal solution. The metal grade Si substrate is immersed in the metal solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the solid substance trap of the liquid phase growth apparatus.
NOVELTY - A photocatalyst material comprises a titanium oxide crystal in which fluorine ions are implanted. The ions are annealed and are diffused on the crystal surface.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The depth distribution of the fluorine is controlled. The carrier concentration inside the crystal is controlled. The oxygen deficiency on the crystal surface is reduced and the oxidation potential is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the production of a photocatalyst material.
NOVELTY - Silicon single crystal has a conductive group main dopant and a conductive group supplementary dopant. Polarity of the supplementary dopant is opposite to that of the main dopant. The segregation coefficient of the supplementary dopant is less than that of the main dopant.    USE - For use in silicon crystal wafer (claimed) used for production of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon single crystal having high strength and durability, is manufactured easily and inexpensively in a high yield. The solar cell is produced inexpensively using the silicon wafer. The solar cell eliminates photodegradation, and has high light energy transformation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) silicon crystal wafer; and    (2) silicon crystal manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing resistivity of silicon single crystal along longitudinal direction of the crystal. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Process for operating a reforming device comprises introducing a feed stream (2) to a first reformer unit (1); removing a waste stream (3) from the reformer unit; deviating a partial stream (4) from the waste stream and introducing to the feed stream so that a circulating stream is partially formed.    USE - Used for preparing hydrogen-rich gas during the start phase for producing energy in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The reforming device is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a reforming device comprising a first reformer unit (1), a valve, an inlet stream (8) and an outlet stream (15). A line (14) connects a waste stream from the first reformer unit to the feed stream fed to the reformer unit. The device also has a heater.    Preferred Features: The circulating stream is heated and conveyed by a pump (5). The circulating stream flows through a second reformer unit (6) and is heated by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. The ignition temperature of both reformer units is less than 20, preferably 10, especially 5 seconds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reforming unit.    First reformer unit (1)    Feed stream (2)    Partial stream (4)    Pump (5)    Second reformer unit (6)    Inlet stream (8)    Line (14)    Outlet stream (15)
NOVELTY - In fuel cells with a gas space (7, 9) between 2 parts (3, 5) and a seal (11), the seal consists (partly) of carbon black-filled fluororubber, crosslinked with bisphenol.    USE - The products are fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The seals are chemically stable towards the operating gases. In a fuel cell block in which they come into contact with pure hydrogen and pure oxygen, they are so stable chemically and mechanically that they are not attacked by these gases in 1000 hours operation and retain their shape and gas-tightness.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell block.    Fuel cells (1)    Electrolyte-electrode unit (3)    Composite conductor plate (5)    Gas space (7, 9)    Seal (11)
NOVELTY - A composite article has a porous, conductive layer (14) provided between a liquid crystalline polymer layer (I) (12) and a liquid crystalline polymer layer (II) (18). The porous, conductive layer is impregnated with liquid crystalline polymer layer (I), liquid crystalline polymer layer (II) or both liquid crystalline polymer layers.    USE - Bipolar plate of fuel cell (claimed). Also used to form cooling fields, manifolds and heating channels.    ADVANTAGE - The composite article is lightweight and conductive. High level of conductivity of bipolar plate is obtained without incorporating large amount of conductive filler into a resin. The liquid crystalline polymer is lightweight and highly chemically resistant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) formation of a composite article;    (2) a bipolar plate having composite article; and    (3) a fuel cell having bipolar plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a multilayer composite article.    Composite article (10)    Liquid crystalline polymer layer (I) (12)    Porous, conductive layer (14)    Liquid crystalline polymer layer (II) (18)
NOVELTY - Phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound has an electrical conductivity of 0.001 (S/cm) or more, measured at 10,000 Hz alternating current impedance, 80degreesC and 95 % relative humidity. The compound comprising randomly and/or alternately bonded repeating units, has a 3 % weight reduction temperature of 400degreesC or more and an average molecular weight of 1,000- 1,000,000.    USE - For molds and films (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound has excellent heat resistance and ionic conductivity. The mold obtained using the compound has high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound has an electrical conductivity of 0.001 (S/cm) or more, measured at 10,000 Hz alternating current impedance, 80degreesC and 95 % relative humidity. The compound has a 3 % weight reduction temperature of 400degreesC or more, based on sample weight at 200degreesC by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement. The compound comprising randomly and/or alternately bonded repeating units, has an average molecular weight of 1,000- 1,000,000. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Mold comprising phosphonic acid-containing poly azole compound; and    (2) A film.
NOVELTY - A heater heats silicon solution provided in a crucible of a chamber (2) of a furnace (6). Inert gas is supplied to the interior of the furnace through a nozzle during cooling of the melted solution. Multiple exhaust ports (22a-22c) inclined along the periphery are provided to the furnace and the chamber to exhaust the silicon carbide (SiC) gas.    USE - Manufacturing crystalline silicon used for polycrystalline silicon solar cell manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - As the crystallization of silicon carbide gas is prevented, adherence of silicon carbide gas on the exhaust port is prevented so the time and effort for cleaning the exhaust port are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Chamber (2)    Furnace (6)    Exhaust ports (22a-22c)
NOVELTY - Titanium doped lanthanum chromite group sintered compact has a relative density of 90% or more, and is obtained by mixing and grinding lanthanum, chromium and titanium materials followed by sintering at high temperature.    USE - As interconnector for fuel cell (claimed) or electrolytic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sintered compact is obtained economically without phase transformation. The fuel cell is used effectively and stably even during temperature changes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Titanium doped lanthanum chromite group sintered compact (LaCr1-xTixO3, where x is 0.12-0.32) has a relative density of 90% or more, and is obtained by mixing and grinding lanthanum, chromium and titanium materials followed by sintering at high temperature.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of titanium doped lanthanum chromite group sintered compact; and    (2) fuel cell (10) comprising sintered compact as interconnector (15).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of cylindrical mold fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (10)    Interconnector (15)
NOVELTY - A silicon thin film (104) is formed on a crystalline silicon substrate (103) and a p-type silicon layer (107) is formed on the substrate by precipitating the silicon in the thin film in a metal solvent (106). Another silicon layer (110) is formed on the silicon layer (107) by a liquid phase growth using indium (109). An electrode is formed on the silicon layer (110).    USE - Manufacturing polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains photovoltaic cell with high photoelectric conversion characteristics by forming high quality silicon layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The crystalline silicon substrate is formed by melting and solidifying silicon grains of metal grade purity more than 98% in a cast (101) made of carbon graphite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or boron nitride. The cast has a tubular groove formed in either horizontal or vertical direction. A release agent film containing silicon nitride is formed on the surface of the cast that contacts the crystalline silicon substrate surface. A p-type silicon layer (107) containing impurities is formed on the substrate by precipitating the silicon of a metal solvent containing indium, gallium or tin by the silicon substrate surface. Another silicon layer (109) is formed on the p-type silicon layer by performing a liquid phase growth in hydrogen atmosphere containing boron and using indium. An electrode is formed on the silicon layer (109).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) photovoltaic cell;    (2) semiconductor substrate formation; and    (3) semiconductor substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of the photovoltaic cell manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cast (101)    Crystalline silicon substrate (103)    Silicon thin film (104)    Metal solvent (106)    p-type silicon layer (107)    Indium (109)    Silicon layer (110)
NOVELTY - An aperture (9) is formed at the lower portion of a mounting stand (5) of an envelopment furnace (6). An endothermic board (13) is provided at the lower portion of a shutter (11) of the furnace. When an opening-closing mechanism (10) opens the aperture, the endothermic board absorbs heat from the interior of the furnace through the aperture.    USE - Polycrystalline silicon solar cell manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling efficiency of the furnace is improved and the cooling time of the furnace is reduced by increasing the heat-absorption effect using the endothermic board.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The endothermic board consists of a cooling water line to circulate cooling water inside a chamber (2) in which solid silicon is melted by heating. Another opening-closing mechanism is provided to the side plate of the envelopment furnace to open-close another aperture provided at the upper position of the furnace.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Chamber (2)    Mounting stand (5)    Envelopment furnace (6)    Aperture (9)    Opening-closing mechanism (10)    Shutter (11)    Endothermic board (13)
NOVELTY - The gap between the high frequency gas introduction port and the substrate (101) in a chamber ranges between 3-30 mm. The pressure in the chamber of specified volume and the gas flow rate are set to specific values for satisfying predetermined relationship.    USE - Forming silicon thin film (claimed) used for photovoltaic cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - By setting the gas flow rate and chamber pressure, the photovoltaic cell having excellent environment resistance is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) silicon thin film; and    (2) photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of photovoltaic cell.    Substrate (101)
NOVELTY - The silicon thin film includes crystalline and amorphous components such that Raman scattering strength of the amorphous component is less than Raman scattering strength of crystal component. The difference in distance between the base material and the silicon crystal is 0.2-1%.    USE - Photovoltaic cell (claimed) such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Favorable photoelectric conversion characteristics are obtained and generation of crack in the film is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of a photovoltaic cell.
NOVELTY - The production of a plastic sheet comprises: (a) irradiating a polymeric composition containing a polymeric monomer having two or more polymeric functional groups in a molecule with an active energy beam; (b) polymerizing and setting the polymeric composition.    USE - The method produces the plastic sheet used for display for an organic electroluminescent display panel, touch panel; memory, recording for optical disk; solar battery panel, particularly, low-birefringence optical member, liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic sheet has high heat resistance and good hue with low active energy beam expose.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Vacuum degassing is applied to the polymeric composition in a closed container before irradiating the polymeric composition with the active energy beam.
NOVELTY - The production of a photo-setting resin sheet is new.    USE - The method produces with good productivity the photo-setting resin sheet used for display for an organic electroluminescent display panel, touch panel; memory, recording for optical disk; solar battery panel, particularly, low-birefringence optical member, liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-setting resin sheet has superior surface smoothness, thinness, and a wide area. The method allows molding without damaging the photo-setting resin sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The production comprises:    (a) facing a pair of plate-like molding tools in which at least one molding tool transmits an active energy beam at given spaced intervals;    (b) filling a photo-setting resin in a molding cavity formed by sealing the peripheral portions of the molding tools and in which a film is fixed through a pressure sensitive adhesive layer to the inner surface of each molding tool;    (c) irradiating the photo-setting resin through the molding tool transmitting the active energy beam with the active energy beam for setting the photo-setting resin;    (d) removing a photo-setting resin molded article from the molding tools. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness of 1-30 micronmeters.
NOVELTY - A mat material (80) is arranged in fluid communication with an inlet portion of a fuel reforming zone of a reformer system (86). A flame arrester is fluidly coupled to the mat material and is opposite to the reforming zone.    USE - For managing the temperature and reaction of fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuels in fuel reformer systems for energy conversion devices.    ADVANTAGE - The combination of the mat material and an optional flame arrester improves the turn-down ratio of the reformer system such that a greater quantity of fuel is processed into the reformate. The combination also facilitates reforming fuel with low pressure drop, such as a decrease of a few percent of the entire system, rather than a pressure increase when gas phase reactions occur.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a temperature and reaction managing method; and    (2) a fuel reformer system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel reformer system coupled to the temperature/reaction management system.    Mat material (80)    Reformer system (86)
NOVELTY - The temperature at an inlet (70) of a fuel reformer (22) is detected and accordingly heated air (48) is supplied to the reformer.    USE - For controlling the temperature at a fuel reformer in a dual air actuator system (claimed) used in gasoline and diesel engines of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As the heated air is supplied based on the detected temperature, a stable, regular, and uniform air/fuel ratio is maintained within the reformer, thus coking and deposition of soot in the fuel reformer is prevented and the efficiency of the reformer is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a dual air actuator system; and    (2) the production of electrical power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the dual air actuator system.    Fuel reformer (22)    Heated air (48)    Inlet (70)
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises a crystalline silicon substrate (1) with a diffusion layer (2) and a silicon-germanium alloy layer (4,4a) on either surfaces. An intermediate semiconductor layer (6,6a) is formed between the substrate and the alloy layer. The intermediate layer has a refractive index smaller than that of silicon and has an energy band gap larger than that of silicon-germanium.    USE - For power supply of artificial satellites.    ADVANTAGE - A highly efficient solar cell which permits high output voltage and photoelectric conversion of light, is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell comprises a crystalline silicon substrate of conductivity (I), with a diffusion layer of conductivity (II) formed on one surface and a silicon-germanium (Si1-xGex (0 less than x at most 1)) alloy layer formed on the other surface. An intermediate semiconductor layer is formed on at least a portion of the region along the boundary between the substrate and the alloy layer. The intermediate layer has a refractive index smaller than that of silicon and has an energy band gap larger than that of silicon-germanium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of solar cell.    Substrate (1)    Diffusion layer (2)    Alloy layer (4,4a)    Intermediate semiconductor layer (6,6a)
NOVELTY - This invention relates to a magnesium-based hydrogen-storing material with added transition metal chloride; for its composition, the transition metal chloride (sic) is added to the pure magnesium or magnesium-based alloy; for its process, a ball mill is used; and under hydrogen environment; the chloride (sic) is uniformly dispersed on the granule surface of magnesium-based hydrogen-storing material for attaining the catalytic action.    USE - Hydrogen storage material.    ADVANTAGE - This invention raises the dynamic property of magnesium-based hydrogen-storing material to make the rate of absorbing and discharging hydrogen significantly faster and also to lower the hydrogen absorbing discharging temperature.
NOVELTY - A gas density detector comprises an electrolyte film having hydrogen ion conductivity, a detection electrode with a first catalyst coming into contact with one face of the electrolytic film, an opposing electrode with a second catalyst coming into contact with the other face of the electrolytic film, a first collector forming a first flow passage having a first opening part opening only to a first recessed part and communicating with the first recessed part and having a face coming into contact with the detection electrode, and a second collector forming a second flow passage having a second recessed part and a second opening part communicating with the second recessed part and having a face coming into contact with the opposed electrode.    USE - As a gas detector.    ADVANTAGE - The detector can be easily mounted on a fuel cell system, measures gas density without relying upon gas flow, can be refreshed against high density carbon monoxide gas, and eliminates an abrupt change in output current.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section through the gas detector.
NOVELTY - The fuel processing system has a sulfur-removal assembly (40) and a fuel processor (20). The assembly has a bed (44) for receiving a stream of feedstock (28) containing carbon and sulfur compounds. The bed contains a sulfur-absorbent material which reduces the sulfur compound amount and catalyzes the conversion of carbon monoxide and water to form hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide below 350 degrees C.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processing system has improved sulfur-removal assembly, which removes sulfur compound from feedstock containing carbon, with high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel processing system comprises a sulfur-removal assembly and a fuel processor. The assembly comprises at least one sulfur-absorbent bed (44) adapted to receive a stream of feedstock containing carbon and sulfur compounds. The bed contains a sulfur-adsorbent material which is adapted to reduce concentration of the sulfur compounds in the stream and to catalyze the conversion of carbon monoxide and water to yield hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide below 350 degrees C. The fuel processor receives feed stream of carbon-containing feedstock from the sulfur-removal assembly, and produces a product hydrogen stream containing hydrogen gas.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a steam reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the fuel processing system comprising controller adapted to monitor status of sulfur-removal assembly.    Fuel processor (20)    Feedstock (28)    Sulfur-removal assembly (40)    Sulfur-absorbent bed (44)
NOVELTY - A multiple layer plate (1) has an outer edge (16) covered over with an inert material. The inert material is YSZ, namely zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) which is stabilized with yttrium oxide (Y2O3). The inert material of the edge coverings (122,126) forms a barrier at the operating temperature of the fuel cell for preventing the transport of molecular oxygen out of external environment (60) into the carrier structure (10).    USE - For battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - As the edges of the fuel cell are covered by the inert material, the carrier structure is protected from microscopic fissures, thereby increasing lifetime of fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-section of an anode supported electrolyte (ASE) cell through the edge.    Multiple layer plate (1)    Carrier structure (10)    Outer edge (16)    External environment (60)    Edge coverings (122,126)
NOVELTY - An onion-like carbon thin film, comprises carbon as a main component. Thin film has a film thickness of at least 20 nm or more, and a cluster of an onion-like structure.    USE - As hard protective film or solid lubricating film on surface of machine components, electronic components, field electron emission material, or electronic component of field emission display, such as diodes, photosensors, electrophotographic photoreceptors, superconductive magnets, solar batteries, solid lubricants, three dimensional non-linear optical elements, very high speed optical switching elements, light weight permanent magnets, gas storage units and super-atomic structure.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film has onion-like structure, film thickness of at least 20 nm or more, small coefficient of friction and excellent durability. The film also has excellent electron emission characteristics .    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a method for producing the onion-like carbon thin film which involves sputter-forming a film of thickness at least 20 nm or more such that the plasma space potential is lower than the surface potential of a base material to be subjected to film formation;    (2) a machine component comprising a protective or lubricating film using the onion-like carbon thin film;    (3) an electronic component comprises the onion-like carbon thin film; and    (4) a field electron emission component comprising the onion-like carbon thin film.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas formation equipment (100) has chemical reaction portion having hydrogen gas outlet (60), raw material supplying unit (10), thermal protection structure isolating reaction portion thermally from the outside and air-tight case (70) for covering reaction portion. Heat-resistant particles prevent contact between the reaction portion and air-tight case.    USE - For hydrogen gas formation by modification reaction of gasoline, alcohol, ether and aldehyde.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas formation equipment is economical and easy to handle. The apparatus has a high temperature portion and is insulated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of hydrogen gas formation apparatus, which involves preparing an air-tight case for covering the chemical reaction portion, packing the heat-resistant particles in the void of the case, inserting the chemical reaction portion in the case and carrying out vacuum suction of the case.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the outline composition of the hydrogen formation equipment which uses gasoline as reformation raw material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Raw material supplying unit (10)    Cooling portion (35)    Hydrogen gas outlet (60)    Case (70)    Gas formation equipment (100)
NOVELTY - The content of silicon dissolved in metal solvent to obtain supersaturated solution, is set to specified value to obtain predetermined supersaturation rate for starting growth of silicon layer (107) on a substrate (104) in the region of 10-50%. The variation of the silicon content in the saturated solution and the temperature of the silicon content is less than 0.5 (atomic % /Oapproximately)    USE - For forming silicon layer used in manufacturing solar cell such as photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Silicon layer of uniform thickness is formed and semiconductor element with favorable characteristics is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) silicon layer which is made of polycrystalline silicon having average grain size of 20 nm or more; and    (2) semiconductor element which includes a silicon layer formed by liquid phase growth method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the manufacturing method of photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (104)    Silicon layer (107)
NOVELTY - Process for filling an anode current collector (4) of a fuel cell with a reforming catalyst comprises forming a negative mold (6) which corresponds to the shape of the current collector and has hollow chambers (8) corresponding to the hollow chambers of the collector; filling the hollow chambers of the mold with reforming catalyst material; inserting the mold filled with the catalyst into the current collector; and baking the mold. The mold is made from a thermally decomposable material.    USE - Used for filling an anode current collector of a fuel cell with a reforming catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The hollow chambers of the mold are filled with the catalyst material whilst a slip is prepared from the catalyst material and a binder and the hollow chambers are filled with the slip.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the process steps for filling an anode current collector.    fuel cell (4)    negative mold (6)    hollow chambers (8)
NOVELTY - Producing an electrical conductor comprises (a) electrodeposition of copper skeleton (10) on conductive parts of an electroforming matrix in an electrodeposition bath; (b) removal of deposited copper skeleton from the matrix; and (d) further growth of skeleton by electrodeposition of lead to form the screen material (12) having a density of openings of 1-20,000/cm2.    USE - The method produces an electrical conductor for use in batteries, storage batteries or solar collectors (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - An electrical conductor of the invention does not have any sharp edges. It is easy to handle as an electrode compared to punched or stamped electrode materials. Compared to etched electrode material, the electrical conductor of the invention has a more uniform thickness, hole shape and hole size. The method allows the production of electrodes with finer grids of openings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) Solar collector comprising a current collector made of an electroformed screen material comprising a copper skeleton;and    (b) Electrochemical cell comprising an electrode made of an electroformed screen material comprising a copper skeleton.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a dike of a further grown skeleton.    Copper skeleton (10)    Screen material (12)
NOVELTY - One or more convertors are placed within a collection vessel (120). A thermal control stack in thermal communication with a chemical converter (72), is placed within the collection vessel. One or more sensors are connected to the collection vessel for monitoring a parameter of the energy system to ensure proper operation.    USE - Multifunction energy system operable as fuel cell, reformer, thermal plant for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an improved power system with increased operational efficiency while concomitantly enhances system safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the multifunction energy system mounting a reformer, fuel cell and thermal control stack within a collection vessel.    Chemical converter (72)    Collection vessel (120)
NOVELTY - Wiring tab (1a) for output is pulled out from a solar cell portion (1) attached to a metal plate (2) through notch portion (2g) and a through-hole (12b) formed in the base (12a) of a terminal box (12). Silicone (31) is injected through injection hole (12e) formed in the terminal box for sealing the wiring tab.    USE - Solar cell module in solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The wiring tab is sealed efficiently at low cost by using small amount of silicone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) terminal box; and    (2) solar cell module connection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell module.    Solar cell portion (1)    Wiring tab (1a)    Metal plate (2)    Notch portion (2g)    Terminal box (12)    Base (12a)    Through-hole (12b)    Injection hole (12e)    Silicone (31)
NOVELTY - The module has a terminal box (12) with a hole (12e) through which wiring tab (19) for output is pulled out from a solar cell portion (1). The hole and the wiring tab is sealed with silicone (31) injected in groove (12f) in the base (12a) of the terminal box (12) and wiring tab is connected with a cable in the terminal box.    USE - Solar cell module in solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Waterproof property of the solar cell module is improved by sealing the hole in the terminal box.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) terminal box; and    (2) solar cell module connection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the terminal box.    Solar cell portion (1)    Terminal box (12)    Base (12a)    Hole (12e)    Groove (12f)    Wiring tab (19)    Silicone (31)
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline rod which dopes desired dopant impurities is sliced into a semiconductor raw material to form a polycrystalline wafer (1). Single crystal growth is carried out on the surface of the polycrystalline wafer by floating zone method.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor substrate used in solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since large size crystal growth apparatus is not used for substrate manufacturing, high quality substrate is efficiently manufactured at low cost through which manufacturing cost of solar battery is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a semiconductor substrate;    (2) a solar battery; and    (3) solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the semiconductor substrate.    Polycrystalline wafer (1)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide removal method involves oxidizing carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing-gas using an oxidation catalyst. The temperature of the catalyst inlet gas is controlled uniformly near the boiling point, using a water cooling type heat exchanger at the front stage of the oxidation catalyst. The temperature of the coolant is kept constant.    USE - For fuel cell of motor vehicles, and for methanol reformer which performs hydrogen production in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature of the catalyst inlet gas is controlled easily using the heat exchange system. Even when temperature control near the boiling point of water is carried out using the latent heat of vaporization, the difficulty in temperature control or operation control is relieved. Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide, which is the poisoning substance of a fuel cell is carried out effectively and with high selectivity. A compact processing apparatus is availed.
NOVELTY - The method of reducing carbon monoxide in gas containing hydrogen involves introducing hydrogen containing gas which contains oxygen/carbon monoxide in the molar ratio of 0.01-0.5 into a catalyst at 60-350 degrees Celsius. The catalyst contains ruthenium metal component as catalytically active component and a carrier component.    USE - For fuel cell of motor vehicles, and for methanol reformer which performs hydrogen production in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The difficulty in oxygen amount control is eluded. Carbon monoxide concentration in gas is reduced effectively to 10 ppm.
NOVELTY - The modification catalyst comprises platinum supported with a carrier. The carrier contains complex oxide of zirconium, and at least one of lanthanum, cerium, aluminum, gallium, titanium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.    USE - For hydrogen generator (claimed), used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The auto-thermal modification of the town gas and liquefied petroleum gas is carried out by the modification catalyst. Catalyst degradation by sulfur poisoning is inhibited, leading to effective catalyst durability and hydrogen formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen generator.
NOVELTY - Catalyst layers containing a catalyst to react with a reforming gas, introduced through an inlet to remove the CO contained in the gas by a selective oxidation reaction, and some coolant layers, are combined through partitions. Holes are formed in the partition to supply an oxidizing agent to the gas introduction region of the catalyst layers.    USE - For removing CO contained in a reforming gas which is used for reforming the reformation fuel containing fuels, such as a hydrocarbon provided to a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The mixing of a reforming gas and an oxidizing agent can be performed in a short time efficiently, by using holes formed in the partitions which divide the catalyst layers and coolant layers as the flow path for supplying the oxidizing agent to the gas introduction region of the catalyst layers. The manufacturing cost can be reduced while achieving a space saving. The catalyst layers can be maintained at an appropriate active temperature by being made to receive a moderate cooling from the coolant layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the above carbon monoxide removal equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A temperature detection unit (9) detects temperature in modification reaction device (1). A peak temperature estimator estimates the temperature of the high temperature zone based on the estimated temperature distribution within the device. The estimated peak temperature is corrected according to the deviation of detected temperature and estimated values.    USE - For formation of purified gas containing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbon fuel in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improves accuracy by correcting the assessed value based on variation in temperature. The temperature of the modification reaction device is maintained to the target value. Operation time is reduced by maintaining favorable calculation accuracy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification reaction device (1)    Temperature detection unit (9)
NOVELTY - A counter electrode mutually opposes an electrolyte layer (13) having porous support elements (27) that are arranged on a semiconductor layer (7). A layer (25) having electroconductive microparticles (23), is arranged between transparent electrode (5) and the semiconductor layer.    USE - For solar cell, photo galvanic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the presence of semiconductor layer, the transducer of low resistance loss and transparency loss is obtained. The presence of electroconductive particles enhances contact area of the semiconductor layer and the transparent electrode and reduces the resistance loss in the boundary surface of the electrode and the layer. Excellent reliability over long duration is achieved using the porous support element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of optical transducer.    Transparent electrode (5)    Semiconductor layer (7)    Electrolyte layer (13)    Electroconductive microparticles (23)    Layer (25)    Porous support elements (27)
NOVELTY - A dielectric material (4) has a barrier which chemically reacts with a liquid electrolyte to form solid products which are stable in the electrolyte.    USE - For electronically insulating a manifold or other component from a liquid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The dielectric material exhibits improved resistance to dielectric creepage. The dielectric frame provides stable and durable dielectric insulation of the liquid electrolyte fuel cell stack from the metallic manifold. The barrier inhibits flow or creepage of electrolyte from reaching the metallic manifolds. The insulating characteristics of the dielectric material are preserved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a liquid electrolyte fuel cell system containing the dielectric material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell stack incorporating a dielectric material having a barrier.    manifold (2)    dielectric material (4)
NOVELTY - Novel heterocyclic o-dicarbonitriles contain substituents that are hydrogen, phenyl, naphthyl or quinoyl.    USE - Compounds can be used for synthesis of hexazocyclanes-fluorophores, as a donor-fragment for synthesis hexazocyclanes-bifluorophores and hexazocyclanes-trifluorophores that are used as active media of liquid and solid lasers, scintillators, especially for indication of rigid radiation, for transformation of short-wave radiation to long-wave radiation in the information transmission by fiber-optics connection lines, for enhancement of solar batteries power and for protection of value papers
NOVELTY - The exhaust gas formed by the reformation system is recirculated to a modifier (6) through a circularly sealed path of the system using a pump during shutdown of the system.    USE - Reformation system with exhaust gas recirculation function, for use in e.g. fuel cell or an engine.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents heat distortion of the reformation system during shutdown period by controlling the abrupt change in the temperature inside the system. Hence, prevents damage at the time of system shutdown. Prevents negative pressure by raising the pressure of the reformation system above the atmospheric pressure. Controls the cooling rate of the system by adjusting the gas flow rate. Reduces the size of the system, since exhaust gas is recirculated inside the system and there is no need of combustor of large capacity for inert gas formation. Improves energy efficiency by reuse of waste heat of the power source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier reforms hydrocarbon fuel in a water vapor modification reaction. The formation of combustion gas by a combustor (10) is controlled, so as to raise the pressure of the reformation system above an atmospheric pressure. The flow rate of a coolant in a cooling system is controlled to control the temperature of the exhaust gas. The waste heat of the power source (8), such as a fuel cell or an engine is supplied to the modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the reformation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (6)    Power source (8)    Combustor (10)
NOVELTY - A catalyst heater (28) supports a hot honeycomb catalyst (30) which accelerates exothermic reaction with a fuel and a reformation honeycomb catalyst (32) which accelerates reformation reaction.    USE - For fuel reformation such as for petrol, light oil, methanol, CNG, naphtha, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Sets reaction conditions according to the start conditions, improving hydrogen formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the modification system which has a electric heater (26) and a control system that controls the supply of fuel, air and water into a reformation reaction apparatus which is based on the temperature condition of the catalyst at the time of start up of the reaction. The fuel and air are supplied to the reformation reaction apparatus with the air fuel ratios set for the catalyzed combustion if the honeycomb catalyst (30) reaches the catalyzed combustion start temperature or for the oxidation reaction if the honeycomb catalyst (32) reaches the oxidation reaction start up temperature. The fuel, air and water vapor are supplied at a set ratio for self-heating reformation reaction if the honeycomb catalyst (32) reaches the self-heat reformation reaction start temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of the modification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electric heater (26)    Catalyst heater (28)    Honeycomb catalyst (30,32)
NOVELTY - A separator (10) has an obstruction plate (11) for removing the metallic products from a mixture of hydrogen, water and metal which is formed by thermal decomposition or hydrolysis of metal hydride in a reactor (3).    USE - For producing hydrogen gas which is used as a heating gas for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The purity of hydrogen gas is improved by removing impurities such as metallic products from a mixture of hydrogen, water and metal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal hydride tank stores an aqueous solution of metal hydride which is supplied to the reactor for performing hydrolysis of the metal hydride in the presence of catalyst. The reactor carries out high speed spraying of metal hydride powder. Another separator storing metallic product has a semipermeable membrane which is permeable to water. The separation of metallic product is carried out by reducing the solubility of the metallic product w.r.t that of water, cooling the mixture containing hydrogen, water and metal, adiabatic expansion of mixture, and centrifuging the mixture.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen gas production which involves forming mixture of metal, hydrogen and water by hydrolysis or thermal decomposition reaction and removing metallic product from the mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reactor (3)    Separator (10)    Obstruction plate (11)
NOVELTY - Zirconium compound and transition metal compound are dissolved in an alcohol to form a solution. The obtained solution is mixed with a hydrogen peroxide solution to form a precipitate. The obtained precipitate is foamed to form a porous substance.    USE - Useful as support carriers such as electrolyte or fuel cell, electrode, oxygen sensor, oxygen-enriched membrane, heat-emitting component, biosensor, bioreactor and catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The porous substance is obtained easily and inexpensively. The formation of by-products during manufacture process is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for porous substance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the porous substance. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A raw material solution is prepared by adding hydrogen peroxide or an aluminum acetylacetonate to a solution containing titanium dioxide precursor. The titanium dioxide precursor is thermally decomposed to titanium dioxide by intermittently spraying the raw material solution on a substrate maintained at high temperature. The porous titanium dioxide thin film is grown up on substrate.    USE - For forming working electrode for pigment sensitizing solar cell (claimed). Also used as tile, air cleaner and for coating window glass and mirror of motor vehicle, and for water purification.    ADVANTAGE - The titanium oxide thin film with larger specific area is formed efficiently. The film excels in purification of water, sterilization, deodorizing and hydrophilic providing property. The titanium oxide thin film can be continuously produced on fluorine doped tin oxide thin film, hence pigment sensitizing solar cell can be produced inexpensively by simplified process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for formation of working electrode for pigment sensitizing solar cells which involves forming fluorine doped tin oxide thin film on a glass substrate by intermittently spraying raw material solution containing tin compound and fluorine compound on the substrate and a titanium dioxide thin film is laminated.
NOVELTY - A control valve (11) connected to a combustion gas emission route (9) controls the pressure of combustion gas that is ejected from a combustor (5).    USE - For a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Improves heat exchange efficiency, since the pressure in the evaporator is always kept high by controlling the pressure control units depending on the output of the fuel cell. A simple control valve which switches pressure is utilized, thus reducing cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A CO removal device (2) performs selective oxidation of the reformed gas resulting in heating gas which is supplied to the fuel cell by a heating gas supply route (8). Another route emits unused hot gas which is burnt by the combustor provided in downstream of the hot gas emission route (9). The liquid field fuel evaporated with heat of combustion gas emitted by combustion gas emission route is supplied to a modifier by field heating gas supply route. The pressure of hot gas is controlled by a valve provided to the heating gas emission route.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hot gas production apparatus for fuel cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    CO removal device (2)    Combustor (5)    Heat gas supply route (8)    Hot gas emission route (9)    Control valve (11)
NOVELTY - A reactor has an exothermic reaction side route (EXR) and an endothermic reaction side route (ENR), with a catalyst on the heating surface. The heat balance of the exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction is adjusted.    USE - For plate fin-type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Reaction rate of the reactor is highly controlled and heat balance is easily achieved. Load of catalyst used is adjusted accordingly and hot spot generation is prevented. Even when there is load fluctuation, abrupt change of temperature is prevented. When direct combustion reaction is not performed, the heat from the heat medium is retained for intermittent use and the reactor is started instantly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a catalyst used in the above reactor which has a heating surface that is adjusted to control the reaction rate, in which the area which supports the catalyst differs by the number of sheets, height, thickness and/or form; and    (2) the production of the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of combustion catalyst and modification catalyst used in the reactor.    Combustion catalyst (13)    Modification catalyst (14)
NOVELTY - An alkaline solution comprises at least one metal hydride complex compound and its oxidized matter is cooled to make the latter to crystallize isolating it from the former.    USE - Used for separating metal hydride complex compounds, such as NaBH4 and KBH4, from their oxidized matters.    ADVANTAGE - This method is simple and safe, and environmentally friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal hydride complex compound is expressed as (M(I)M(III)H(4-n)Rn) or as (M(II)(M(III)H(4-n)Rn)2), where M(I) is an alkaline metal, M(II) is an alkaline earth metal or Zn, M(III) is B, Al, or Ga, and (R) is an alkyl, an alkoxyl, or an acyloxy group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a separating device.
NOVELTY - A method of separating metal hydride complexes or their oxidized compounds from alkaline solution comprises using microporous membranes which have a salt blocking ratio of at least 70 %.    USE - For removing metal hydride complexes from alkaline solution in the hydrogen generating system of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Metal hydride complexes and their oxidized compounds are easily separated from alkaline solution without any environmental pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of separating metal hydride complexes or their oxidized compounds from alkaline solution comprises using microporous membranes which have a salt blocking ratio of at least 70 %. The metal hydride complexes are of formula (I) or (II).    MIMIIIH4-nRn (I)    MII(MIIIH4-nRn)2 (II)    MI = alkali metal;    MII = alkaline earth metal or zinc;    MIII = boron, aluminum, or gallium;    R = alkyl, alkoxy or acyloxy;    n = integer of 0-3.
NOVELTY - Self-heating type hydrogen generator consists of metal honeycomb structure formed by laminating or winding flat and corrugated stainless steel foils with surface(s) covered by (alpha)-alumina insulating layer having equilaxillar and/or columnar crystals. A catalyst supported on the metal honey-comb surface reforms hydrocarbon or alcohol in gas, to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    USE - For domestic use for generating electricity and for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The self-heating type hydrogen generator has favorable insulation property and rapid temperature increase rate. Since the starting time of the generator is reduced, efficiency is improved greatly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the influence of the thickness of alpha-alumina film on the dielectric breakdown voltage, in stainless steel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A supply unit supplies raw material gas including oxygen, hydrocarbon and water vapor to a reaction unit filled with combustion catalyst (3) consisting of alumina and rare earth elements maintained at 1000 degrees C. A pre-heater (5) heats the raw material gas, to produce hydrogen.    USE - Fuel modifier for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides simplified reformer with improved reformation property and stabilized operation control.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a model sectional drawing of the fuel modifier. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    combustion catalyst (3)    pre-heater (5)
NOVELTY - Reformer for reforming hot hydrocarbon group gas, consists of desulfurizer packed with hydrodesulfurizing catalyst and return line for returning a portion of reformed gas to desulfurizer inlet. The return line is equipped with heat exchanger for removing water content in reformed gas.    USE - Used in fuel cells (claimed) for reforming hot gases such as hydrocarbon group gas.    ADVANTAGE - The water content in the reformed gas recycled to the desulfurizer is removed by the heat exchanger, hence the life of hydrodesulfurizing catalyst is extended. The water required for reforming is heated by heat exchanger, hence the reformer is economic and conserves energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system containing reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system containing gas reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Desulfurizer (1)    Modifier (2)    Return line (6)    Heat exchanger (7,8)
NOVELTY - A transparent substrate, notably of glass, is fitted with an electrode, notably for a solar cell, comprising a conducting layer with a molybdenum base of at most 500 nm thickness, notably at most 400 nm or at most 300 nm or at most 200 nm.    USE - The transparent substrate is used as the electrode for a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a substrate fitted with an electrode destined for solar cells that is fabricated more readily and/or less onerous than conventional molybdenum electrodes but which has performances, notably electrical, that are equivalent or at least sufficient for their application as solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The invention includes a number of variations that minimise the thickness and content of the molybdenum without losing any of the advantages of using molybdenum in solar cell applications.
NOVELTY - Process for improving the water balance of a fuel cell stack comprises exchanging water between the cathode gas and the coolant through the porous separation plate arranged between the cathode gas chamber (3) and the cooling chamber (4) using an aqueous coolant which has a lower temperature-dependent water-vapor partial pressure with respect to water.    USE - Used in low pressure fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A homogeneous electrolyte state can be achieved without using addition measures, e.g. a water tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A separator plate (6) arranged between the cathode gas chamber and the cooling chamber has a hydrophilic surface on the cathode side and a hydrophobic surface facing the cooling chamber. The cooling medium is a buffer solution or organic solution such as glycols or salts of organic salts. The water exchange between the cathode gas chamber and the cooling chamber is adjusted by the pressure within the cathode gas chamber and/or the cooling chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    cathode gas chamber (3)    cooling chamber (4)    separator plate (6)
NOVELTY - Operating a reformer unit (1) for the preparation of a gaseous product stream (2) containing hydrogen comprises introducing the product stream to a fuel cell during a starting phase of the reformer unit depending on the pollutant concentration.    USE - Used in electric vehicle fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple and economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a reformer unit for the preparation of a gaseous product stream (2) containing hydrogen comprising a reforming reactor (4) for catalytically producing a product stream containing hydrogen, a device (5) for determining a parameter which is proportional to the pollutant concentration in the product stream, and a device (6) arranged in a line (9) to introduce the product stream during the starting phase of the reformer unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reformer unit.    Reformer unit (1)    Gaseous product stream (2)    Reforming reactor (4)    Device for determining a parameter (5)    Device for introducing the product stream (6)    Line (9)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of fullerene derivative comprises forming halogenated fullerene by reacting fullerene molecule with halogen atom, and reacting halogenated fullerene and hydroxide or sulfite salt to introduce proton (H+) dissociating groups to carbon atoms which comprise fullerene molecule.    USE - The fullerene derivative is used in the production of a proton conductor for an electrochemical device such as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A fullerene derivative having OH groups or SO3H groups is efficiently prepared.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) Fullerene derivative where aromatic group having proton (H+) dissociating groups is introduced to carbon atoms which comprise fullerene molecule;    (2) Manufacture of polymerized fullerene derivative where halogenated fullerene or its derivatives are reacted with first aromatic compound having proton (H+) dissociatable groups and second aromatic compound to introduce aromatic groups of first aromatic compound having proton (H+) dissociatable groups to fullerene molecule, and fullerene derivatives are bonded via aromatic groups of second aromatic compound;    (3) Polymerized fullerene derivative;    (4) Proton conductor containing fullerene derivative and polymerized fullerene derivative; and    (5) Electrochemical device comprising first electrode, second electrode and proton conductor between electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the manufacture of the fullerene derivative. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The dielectric element (2) which electrically isolates the fuel cell manifold (3) from the liquid electrolyte fuel cell stack (1), has surface roughness (Ra) of less than 10.    USE - For electrical isolation in liquid electrolyte fuel cells of power plant.    ADVANTAGE - As the rough surface of the dielectric element acts as a capillary medium, the electrolyte creeping rate is enhanced. Hence, flow rate of the electrolyte over the element is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell stack utilizing the dielectric element.    Liquid electrolyte fuel cell stack (1)    Dielectric element (2)    Fuel cell manifold (3)
NOVELTY - The species transfer device removes a portion of species from high potential stream and transfers the removed heat through the exchange matrix to the low potential exhaust stream. The housing provides path for entry and exit of streams through exchange matrix.    USE - For example, catalyzer for transfer of species, e.g. air, O2, hydrogen, N, CO, CO2, SO2, methanol in fuel cell, in stream conditioning system (claimed) for fuel gas management system. Also for HVAC system.    ADVANTAGE - Provides lightweight, compact and inexpensive device. Removes CO from anode reactant CO stream effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stream conditioning system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of sealing system and end plates.
NOVELTY - A nitride semiconductor layer formed on a heterogeneous substrate (1) is etched such that a protective coat formed on the semiconductor layer is exposed to a pattern shape. Nitride semiconductor layers (4,5) of different thickness, are formed on the substrate.    USE - For manufacturing nitride semiconductor substrate used in light receiving elements such as LED, LD, solar cell, photo sensor and electronic devices such as transistor.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate having long life and high reliability, is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the nitride semiconductor substrate.    Heterogeneous substrate (1)    Nitride semiconductor layer (4,5)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich gas ejected from a modifier (30) is cooled in a heat exchanger (32) using gasoline as coolant. A catalyst reduces the carbon monoxide concentration of the cooled gas.    USE - For fuel cell equipment (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - As the gasoline is used as the coolant in the heat exchanger, it increases the efficiency in cooling of hydrogen rich gas from the modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier is supplied with hydrocarbon fuel, air and water vapor. The flow rates of hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen rich gas are controlled. The flow of gasoline to the heat exchanger is controlled by a controller (50), such that the increase in temperature of gasoline does not exceed its boiling point temperature and carbonization temperature. The heat exchanger exchanges the heat between the hydrogen rich gas and hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the modifier.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) Fuel modification method; and    (2) Fuel cell equipment which performs electrochemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen rich gas produced by the fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel cell equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (30)    Heat exchanger (32)    Controller (50)
NOVELTY - A layer consisting of a high-molecular compound is provided between a solar battery module and a support structure made of a resin. A solar battery panel has a formula (1) of -40 to 130 degrees C.    USE - Used as a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery panel inhibits cracks caused by the expansion contraction of the support structure made of the resin and prevents a decrease in power generation efficiency. The use of the rubber-modified thermoplastic resin exhibits easy moldability, cost reduction, and superior durability and adhesion to the support structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery panel has a formula (1) of -40 to 130 degrees C.    ( E x L / 1. 5 x 105 x d ) (alpha - 20 ) x 10-6 x 170 less than 10-3 (1).    E (MPa) = vertical elastic modulus of layer consisting of high-molecular compound;    L (mm) = length of solar battery module;    d (mm) = thickness of layer consisting of high-molecular compound;    alpha = coefficient of linear expansion (multiplied by ten to the part of -6/degree C) of support structure.
NOVELTY - A polygonal form plastic sheet, has notched form or R-corner form at least a corner. The sheet is prepared by polymerizing and curing a polymerizing composition which contains a polymerizing monomer having at least two polymerizing functional groups.    USE - The plastic sheet is useful for laminates with a gas barrier layer or a cured film or a conductive film. The plastic sheet is useful for an organic EL(electro luminescence) display panel, displays for touch panels, optical discs, panels for solar battery, low-double refractive optical components, especially, a liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic sheet is difficult to break and is easy to transport, handle and produce.
NOVELTY - Heat transfer plate (11) and catalyst carrier (9A) are alternately laminated and arranged between the side walls (1a,1b) of container (1). The heat transfer plate and catalyst carrier are laminated in a direction to penetrate the medium flow path pipe (3). The temperature control medium within the flow path pipe controls the temperature of catalyst (8).    USE - For modifying the heating gas which is to be supplied to the anode side of fuel cell in a fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the size of the whole reactor and improves the quality of the reaction product. Enlarges the area of heat transfer plate. Improves the cooling efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The temperature of control medium (5) poured in pipe, is sensed by catalyst support and controlled by heat transfer plates. The catalyst support being provided as a divided element on top of the pipe.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline front view of the catalytic reaction device and temperature distribution of figure of catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Container (1)    Side walls (1a,1b)    Flow path pipe (3)    Control medium (5)    Catalyst (8)    Catalyst carrier (9A)    Heat transfer plate (11)
NOVELTY - An electrode is formed by printing an electrode paste on a reverse conductivity-type impurity diffusion layer (1a), in a non-oxidizing atmosphere using polyethylene glycol as an organic binding material.    USE - For the formation of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents formation of oxide film between substrate and electrode, as electrode is formed in non-oxidizing atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacturing method of the solar cell.    Diffusion layer (1a)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (1) comprises a fuel electrode (11), an ion exchange membrane (12) and an oxygen electrode (13). The fuel electrode comprises a carbonaceous base material, and is impregnated with a group having proton dissociation property. The oxygen electrode has an organic substance group proton conductor.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Even when the fuel cell is driven in the state of non-humidified fuel condition, environment below freezing point and high temperature environment of 100 degrees C or more, ionic conduction of the electrode is carried out effectively. Water is formed by the reaction of hydrogen ion, oxygen and the electrode supplied from the external circuit of the oxygen electrode. Ion exchange membrane is produced easily, even when a proton conductor having low film forming property is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel electrode forms a negative plate and the oxygen electrode forms a positive electrode. Hydrogen ion is formed by the fuel electrode. The ion exchange membrane has a porous base material. Hydrogen ion is conducted from the fuel electrode to the oxygen electrode, by the ion exchange membrane. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of the fuel cell.    fuel cell (1)    fuel electrode (11)    ion exchange membrane (12)    oxygen electrode (13)
NOVELTY - A macromolecular solid electrolyte consists of a fluorine-based high-molecular compound.    USE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte is suitably used for the fuel cell, water electrolysis, halogenated hydroacid electrolysis, sodium chloride electrolysis, an oxygen thickener, humidity sensor, gas sensor and finds its applications in the macromolecular solid electrolytic film, the solution for covering the electrode catalyst, film/electrode bonded body, and the fuel cell. The fuel cell is used for a household power supply, electric car.    ADVANTAGE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte has age resistance better than that inherent in a perfluoro sulfonic acid film or the practically sufficient age resistance, and high durability and allows easy production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fluorine-based high-molecular compound contains at least a structural unit of formula (1).    n = integer of 1-5.
NOVELTY - Combination of Si-O-Si silicone-based resin layer having a main skeleton and 5-30 wt.% of an inorganic filler having the average particle diameter of 3-300 psim on a metal substrate and adjustment of the surface roughness of the resin layer to RMAX of 0.3 to 1.5 psim.    USE - Insulating substrate is useful for producing thin-film polycrystal silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film polycrystal silicon layer laminated on the silicone-based resin layer is not cut.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The main skeleton has the following formula -(-Si(R1)(R2)-O)m-(Si(R3)(R4)-O)n.    R1, R2 = alkyl group, alkenyl group or phenyl group;    R3, R4 = phenyl group;    m, n = m less than n.
NOVELTY - At least one side of an aromatic polyamide film after heating for 5 minutes at 300degreesC has a total of 62 pieces or less crater-like defects and caldera-like big and rough protrusions.    USE - For a magnetic recording medium (claimed), high quality flexible printed substrates, condensers, printer ribbon, sound diaphragm and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The surface defects on aromatic polyamide film enables reduction in deletion of data from a magnetic recording medium obtained using aromatic polyamide film. Even after curls return, the aromatic polyamide film produces the magnetic recording medium having excellent zero defect property, electromagnetic and transfer characteristics and trafficability. The aromatic polyamide film has excellent solder heat resistance, thereby reduces trouble generation of quality aggravation during flexible printed substrate manufacture by soldering process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for magnetic recording medium. A magnetic layer is distributed on the surface of the aromatic polyamide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows expanded sectional view of film showing the cross-sectional view of crater-like defects. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The acid-treated flaky graphite powder (33) is filled in metallic molds (31,32). The powder is heated rapidly to produce graphite compact of definite shape.    USE - For producing graphite mold for fuel cell (claimed) and gas passages.    ADVANTAGE - The homogeneous graphite mold is cheaply produced. The reliability of fuel cell is improved, by integrating the graphite mold.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the graphite mold manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Metallic molds (31,32)    Flaky graphite powder (33)
NOVELTY - A macromolecular solid fuel cell has an electrodes-film conjugate consisting of an electrolytic film and electrodes placed at both the surfaces of the electrolytic film, respectively, and separators placed at both the surfaces of the electrodes-film conjugate, respectively.    USE - The method produces the macromolecular solid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon compound is present on the surface of the separator so that the silicon compound may have the thickness of a monomolecular layer or a multimolecular layer. The reaction product of the silicon compound yields sufficiently durably water repellency. The result efficiently provides the water repellency to the separator. The macromolecular solid fuel cell has stable high output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for producing the macromolecular solid fuel cell for treating the surface of each separator using a silicon compound in which an isocyanate group or a hydrolyzing group, and a fluorine-containing organic group are bonded to the silicon.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (150) comprises a cathode flow field plate (210); an anode flow field plate (220); and a proton exchange membrane (225) made from a catalytic material (250) contained in a proton exchange material (230).    USE - Used for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a long service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a fuel cell.    Preferred Features: The catalytic material is suitable for reacting hydrogen and oxygen to form water. The catalytic material is made from platinum in the form of discrete particles and present in an amount so that the electrical conductivity of the proton exchange membrane is the same as that of the proton exchange material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell.    fuel cell (150)    cathode flow field plate (210)    anode flow field plate (220)    proton exchange membrane (225)    proton exchange material (230)    catalytic material (250)
NOVELTY - An etchant for generating texture on the surface of Si material used for solar battery is prepared from Na3PO4.12H2O (1.5-60 wt.%) and deionized water (40-98.5 wt.%). Its advantages include no environmental pollution, low cost, low corroding temperature and short corroding time.
NOVELTY - A connection between a conductive substrate and a laminate having a first plastic layer and a conductive layer terminating at a common edge over the substrate includes an insulator extending over the edge to electrically insulate the conductive layer from the substrate.    USE - For a conductive substrate (i.e., a metal terminal) and a laminate (i.e., a laminated housing) of an energy storage device, e.g., supercapacitor, battery, capacitor, and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can provide effective connection without causing electrical shorting between the conductive substrate and the laminate. The inventive connection can easily be formed and is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A connection between a conductive substrate (2) and a laminate (3) having first plastic layer and a conductive layer terminating at a common edge overlying the substrate comprises an insulator (8). The insulator extends over the common edge and electrically insulates the conductive layer from the substrate. The plastic layer is secured to the substrate. The conductive layer is disposed adjacent the first layer and is spaced apart from the substrate.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) A method of forming the inventive connection;    (b) An energy storage device comprising a laminate housing, an energy storage cell disposed within the housing, two terminals extending form the cell, and the inventive connection formed between the terminal(s) and the laminate housing; and    (c) A method of manufacturing the energy storage device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of the connection.    Conductive substrate (2)    Laminate (3)    Opening (7)    Insulator (8)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell is operated through several charge-discharge cycles. The cell includes an intermetallic cathode and anode containing lithium, in which cell Li is shuttled between the electrodes during charge and discharge, to form a lithiated intermetallic negative electrode during charge, involving controlling the voltage of the cell so that the lithiated electrode has preset potential.    USE - For non-aqueous lithium cells and batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has superior electrochemical performance, achieved by electronic control of cell voltage or by limiting installed capacity in the anode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical cell is operated through several charge-discharge cycles. The cell includes an intermetallic negative electrode (Cu6-xMxSn5, where x is at most3 and M is metal(s) including Si) and a positive electrode containing lithium in which cell Li is shuttled between the electrodes during charge and discharge, to form a lithiated intermetallic negative electrode during charge. The process involves controlling the voltage of the cell during charging of the charge-discharge cycles so that the potential of the lithiated electrode in the fully charged cell is less than 0.2 V but greater than 0 V versus metallic lithium.
NOVELTY - Power plant has electrochemical generators using hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, electrical equipment, cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen storage tanks with valves, hydrogen ventilation and afterburning device, water accumulation tank, and cooling circuit units all mounted in separate pressurized recesses; all pressurized recesses are disposed inside pressurized housing made in the form of modular compartment of submersible craft; each recess holding cryogenic hydrogen tanks with valves is, essentially, vertical pit disposed in modular compartment and welded into its housing with sealed manhole on upper lid; recesses for cryogenic oxygen tanks, electrochemical generators, air ventilation and hydrogen afterburning devices, reaction water dump tanks, and power plant electrical equipment are disposed at different elevations in modular compartment.    USE - Power plants with electrochemical generators for submersible craft.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced power capacity, facilitated installation and maintenance, reduced harnessing, wiring, and repair charges, enhanced running characteristics and fire safety.
NOVELTY - A catalyst for a fuel cell is formed of carbon powder carrying platinum transition metal fine particles dispersed by a silicon high molecule compound.    USE - Useful in an electric automobile or a power source for a domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency is high and durability is excellent.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas production system comprises a reaction portion in which metal hydride is hydrolyzed using water or thermally decomposed using heat to form hydrogen, a catalyst is filled in the reaction portion, and a control portion. The control portion controls the quantity of water or heat applied to the reaction portion, depending on the hydrogen gas required.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas, used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas is produced stably and continuously.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for formation of hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of pH dependence of reaction rate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A new method of producing plastics sheets comprises molding plastics into sheets with a mold. The surface electrical charges are removed from the surface of the plastics sheets when they are separated from the mold.    USE - For optical discs, solar cell panels, or liquid crystal displays.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of impurities is greatly reduced in the plastics films.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing plastic sheets whereby the surface charges on the mold are removed before molding.
NOVELTY - Exhaust tube (16) connected to a sensor (12), sucks/absorbs air in a battery housing unit (4a) during detection of combustible gas leakage from a fuel cell (5) that is accommodated in the housing. A gas detection element (2a) of the sensor senses the leakage gas that exists in the suction air.    USE - For detecting leakage of combustible gas such as hydrogen gas from electric and motor vehicular fuel cell in production line.    ADVANTAGE - The detector detects gas leakage reliably, quickly and correctly in the production line and thus improves efficiency and quality of production of the fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the gas detector.    gas detection element (2a)    battery housing unit (4a)    fuel cell (5)    sensor (12)    exhaust tube (16)
NOVELTY - A proton conductive film for a direct alcohol type fuel battery, which comprises a polyimide having the repeating unit of formula (I) as its main component.    USE - The proton conductive film is useful for a direct alcohol type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductive polyimide film has high proton conductivity (proton conductivity at room temperature of not less than 1.0 x 10-2 S/cm and ion exchange capacity of not less than 0.50 meq/g) and has high methanol barrier properties (methanol permeation coefficient of not more than 1.3 x 10-12 (cm3 cm)/(cm2 s Pa)).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A proton conductive film for a direct alcohol type fuel battery, which comprises a polyimide having the repeating unit of formula (I) as its main component.    X = one or more tetravalent organic groups;    Y = one or more divalent organic groups;a part of X and Y contains a proton conductive substituent.
NOVELTY - A plastic sheet has quantity of dimensional change of within minus 0.02 % and warpage of plus or minus 1 % after the plastic sheet is heated in the air at 150 degreesC for 3 hours and then heated at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week, followed by repeating such heating test three times.    USE - The plastic sheet is useful for optical components, e.g., an organic electroluminescent display panel, a display for touch panel, an optical disc, recording components, a solar battery panel, a low birefringence optical components, especially liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic sheet has good dimensional stability even after heating process or warm water-washing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a plastic sheet which has quantity of dimensional change of within minus 0.02 % and warpage of plus or minus 1 % after the plastic sheet is dipped in water heated at 40 degreesC for 1 hours and then heated at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week, followed by repeating such heating test three times; and plastic laminates which comprise the plastic sheet and a gas barrier layer, a cured film or a conductive film.
NOVELTY - A plastic sheet has quantity of dimensional change of within plus or minus 0.01 % after the plastic sheet is heated in the air at 150 degreesC for 3 hours and then heated at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week.    USE - The plastic sheet is useful for optical components, e.g., an organic electroluminescent display panel, a display for tough panel, an optical disc, a recording components, a solar battery panel, a low birefringence optical components, especially a liquid crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic sheet has good dimensional stability even after heating process or warm water-washing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a plastic sheet which has quantity of dimensional change of within plus or minus 0.01 % after the plastic sheet is dipped in water heated at 40 degreesC for 1 hours and then heated at 23 degreesC at 50 % RH in the air for 1 week; a plastic laminates which comprises the plastic sheet and gas barrier layer, a cured film, or a conductive film.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has an anode and a cathode catalyst layers (21,31) formed on opposing surfaces of an electrolyte film (11). A fuel flow path and an oxidizing agent flow path are formed on plates where layers (21,31) are formed, respectively. An oil trapping layer (82) which absorbs oil component is formed on at least one side of fuel flow path and oxidizing agent flow path.    USE - As an electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Deterioration of electrode property due to impurities such as oil mist is prevented. The fuel cell has favorable and stable property, and stable electricity generation voltage maintained for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oil trapping layer consists of activated carbon, synthetic fiber, natural fibers or their mixtures, and is a cloth or non-woven fabric comprising cotton, nylon, polyester, rayon, acryl or polychlal.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation method of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the fuel cell.    Electrolyte film (11)    Anode catalyst layer (21)    Cathode catalyst layer (31)    Oil trapping layer (82)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises membranes (110, 112, 200, 210) arranged in series so that current flows across the membranes, electrodes connected with the membranes and interconnects (118, 122, 202, 212) provided between two adjacent electrodes. Each interconnect is at least 20% of an area of the electrode(s).    USE - As energy source for, e.g. cellular telephones, laptop computers or other portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive fuel cell is formed by flat pack design which may operate without biplates. It is compact and lightweight and has higher internal resistance than that of the bipolar cell. These higher internal resistance increases power density and efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for forming a fuel cell comprising forming membranes which are parallel with one another, coating the membranes with catalyst layer coating, forming interconnects of paste between electrodes connected with the membranes and hot pressing the electrodes to form a membrane electrode assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures illustrate a first and a second interconnect technique, respectively.    Membranes (110, 112, 200, 210)    Interconnects (118, 122, 202, 212)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell and an electrode module constituting this fuel cell. The electrode module (EM) has an electrolyte film (11) containing a proton conductor capable of conducting protons under an unhumidifying condition and supported by a frame (20) of a predetermined shape. The fuel cell (30) comprises the electrode module (EM) and a cooling passage at least on one side of this electrode module (EM). The electrode module (EM) has a frame (20) for supporting the electrolyte film (11), a porous fuel permeable material film (17) carrying a catalyst, and a porous oxygen permeable material film (18) carrying a catalyst layer and hydrophobic substance grains. The fuel cell can be operated in a dry environment over a wide range of operating temperature without humidifying the fuel gas. Scalable cells from small-capacity ones to large-capacity ones can be constituted of the same module.    USE - Electric module for fuel cell
NOVELTY - A catalyst support material comprises elongate electrically anisotropic particles of expanded graphite.    USE - For use in membrane electrode assembly useful for electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The expanded graphite particles are electrically anisotropic and capable of functioning as the catalyst support material in the fuel cell. They can extend between the ion exchanged membrane and the electrode at positions on the walls of the electrode removed from where the walls abut the membrane. These increases catalyst usage and efficiency (fuel cell performance) because the effective area on which the reaction can occur is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) A membrane electrode assembly comprising a pair of electrodes, an ion exchange membrane and a catalyst material; and    (b) A method for preparing a catalyst support material.    The electrode(s) is formed compressed mass sheet of expanded graphite particles having transverse fluid channels passing between opposing surfaces of the sheet. The channels are separated by walls of compressed expandable graphite. The ion exchange membrane has opposing surfaces positioned between the electrodes so the walls formed on one of the opposing surfaces of the electrode abuts the ion exchange membrane. The catalyst material is placed so that a portion of the opposed surface of the ion exchange membrane is adjacent to the catalyst. The catalyst is supported on a catalyst support material which is prepared by compacting expanded graphite particles to form an anisotropic, oriented sheet or pad having a thickness of not more than 25 mm and forming elongate electrically anisotropic particles from the sheet or mat.
NOVELTY - The method involves depositing thin film solar cells on a flexible sheet of polyimide becoming a first thermal emissive covering layer for the thin film solar cells for communicating solar illumination to the thin film solar cells and for heat rejection and forming a flexible sheet of solar cells.    USE - For manufacturing integral thin film solar array used in micro-satellites and nano-satellites.    ADVANTAGE - Provides integrated thin film solar array which can be provided in power sphere nano-satellite with reduced mass and wiring.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method further involves applying a solvent based thermal emissive covering layer onto the thin film solar cells of the flexible sheet of solar cells, and curing the solvent based thermal emissive covering layer into a second thermal emissive covering layer for forming the integral thin film solar cell array.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts a thin film solar cell.
NOVELTY - Invention relates to a synthesis of heterocyclic o-dicarbonitriles.    USE - Ortho- dicarbonitriles can be used for synthesis of hexazocyclanes-fluorophores, as a fragment-donor for synthesis of hexazocyclanes-bifluorophores and hexazocyclanes-trifluorophores. The hexazocyclanes are used as active media of liquid and solid lasers, scintillators, especially for indication of rigid radiation, for transformation of short-radiation to long-wave radiation in the information transmission by fabric-optics connection lines, for enhancement of solar batteries power, for protection of value papers, for making advertising screens.    ADVANTAGE - New compounds indicated above, valuable properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heterocyclic o-dicarbonitriles of formula (I) .    R, R' = formulae (i)-(v); or    R = phenyl;    R' = phenyl or formula (vii); or    R, R' = formula (viii) or (ix).
NOVELTY - The manufacturing method of titanium oxide film, involves forming a raw material film containing titanium oxide, by thermal spraying. The raw material is titanium oxide powder having mean particle diameter of 10 nm - 100 microns. Thermal spraying comprises plasma metal spray carried out in an atmosphere containing hydrogen gas.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Titanium oxide film having high photoelectric conversion efficiency, is produced easily, Production and production time of titanium oxide film and solar cell, are reduced. Size reduction of the solar cell is attained. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is further improved by selecting thickness and porosity of the titanium oxide film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Titanium oxide film; and    (2) Solar cell using the titanium oxide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the manufacturing method of titanium oxide film, by plasma metal supply.    Titanium oxide film (4)    Raw material (8)    Thermal-spray gun (9)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor electrode consists of titanium oxide. The crystal structure of titanium oxide contains titanium dioxide of rutile type. The semiconductor electrode has thickness of 0.1-300 mum, and band gap of 3.1 eV or less.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor electrode has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by adjusting suitably by characteristics, such as thickness and band gap of the titanium oxide crystal. The semiconductor electrode is made porous, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by adjusting the porosity and surface roughness of the light receiving layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Manufacturing method of semiconductor electrode; and    (2) Solar cell using semiconductor electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer contains water and redox system electrolyte comprising halogen compound. The halogen compound is mineral salt of iodine.    USE - For pigment sensitizing type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer using hydrated electrolyte, has high safety and excellent photoelectric conversion ability.
NOVELTY - A reformation unit (24) supplies reformed fuel containing hydrogen to a fuel cell stack (10). A bypass valve (22) controls the flow of combustion gas from a catalyst combustor (28) to the reformation unit, when the combustion temperature of the combustor is less than a reference value.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Clogging of the catalyst of reformation chamber is prevented and hence deactivation of reformation chamber is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    fuel cell stack (10)    bypass valve (22)    reformation unit (24)    catalyst combustor (28)
NOVELTY - An ion electroconductive film consists of a composite of ion electroconductive polymer and a compound containing nitrogen. The compound containing nitrogen has fixed portion with respect to the polymer, and a tautomer structure formed by protonation.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ion electroconductive film maintains ionic electroconductivity and inhibits the cross-over of methanol sufficiently. The compact fuel cell comprising the film provides stable output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell which comprises an electrolyte film, and a fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode which clamp the electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of the composition of methanol fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The carbon material (1) contains carbon layer including hetero element (3) which is an element of II, III, IV, V or VI group except carbon, integrally formed on the surface of the molding of organic polymeric precursor which performed high temperature heat processing. The layers of carbon material has function of a semiconductor.    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon material for solar batteries having improved mechanical strength is obtained in excess amount. Solar batteries having improved mechanical strength is obtained in excess amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar battery using the carbon material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of carbon material for solar batteries.    Carbon material (1)    Carbon layer including hetero element (3)
NOVELTY - The solar battery cell has an electricity generation layer (8), which is formed by an oxide semiconductor film (4) impregnated with electrolytic solution. The film (4) which supports the pigment sensitizer is formed by mixing and baking microparticles having high-light diffusion ability (1-50 weight%) and oxide microparticles having a diameter of 0.1 nm-10 micrometer.    USE - In pigment sensitizing type solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery cell has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent mass productivity, and is manufactured economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar battery cell is a laminate of transparent substrate (1), transparent electrode layer (12), electricity generation layer (8), back-side electrode layer (5) and back-side substrate (6), formed on light-receiving surface side. Layer (8) is formed by an oxide semiconductor film (4) which is impregnated with electrolytic solution. The film (4) which supports the pigment sensitizer is formed by mixing and baking microparticles having high-light diffusion ability (1-50 weight%) and oxide microparticles having a diameter of 0.1 nm-10 micrometer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) A pigment sensitizing type solar battery cell manufacture; and    (2) Pigment sensitizing type solar battery module manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the pigment sensitizing type solar battery cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrode layer (2)    Oxide semiconductor film (4)    Back-side electrode layer (5)    Back-side substrate (6)    Electricity generation layer (8)    Transparent electrode layer (12)
NOVELTY - A color solar battery (a pigment sensitizing solar battery) has a pigment-adsorbed porous semiconductor layer and an electrolyte between a transparent conductive film formed on the surface of a transparent substrate and a conductive substrate.    USE - The method produces the color solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Partitioning the porous semiconductor layer with a material, including glass frit to obtain the given patterns exhibits characters, symbols, diagrams, pictures on the photoreceiving surface. Each pigment is sensitized to each partitioned area to express a rich color.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least two or more colors for forming given patterns are adsorbed to the porous semiconductor layer to provide a photoreceiving surface with an indication function.
NOVELTY - Chalcopyrite selenide compounds and alloys e.g., CuInSe2 or CuGaInSe2, production involves (by multiple-step process) depositing stacked elemental layers of metals or an alloy of the metals, followed by anodic selenisation to form the compound/alloy.    USE - For producing thin film chalcopyrite semiconductors of type Cu(InxGa1-x)(SySe1-y)2 e.g., CuInSe2 or CuGaInSe2, used in thin film solar cell devices.    ADVANTAGE - The method is novel, safely produces chalcopyrite selenides and sulfides, and minimizes use of expensive vacuum technology. The stacked elemental layers of metals or alloys are annealed to complete the reaction between the precursor layer and sulfur/selenium incorporated, and to improve the grain size and other physical properties.
NOVELTY - Solid-type dye sensitized photoelectric conversion element has an electron transport layer (4) sandwiched between a pair of electrodes (3,6). A portion of the transport layer is made porous. A dye layer contacts electron transport layer. A spacer with barrier layer (8) prevents short circuit between electrode (3) and hole transport layer (5) which is arranged between transport layer and electrode (6).    USE - The solid-type dye sensitized photoelectric conversion element is used in e.g. a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The spacer with barrier layer of less porosity, prevents short circuiting, thus enabling high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the photoelectric conversion element.    Electrodes (3,6)    Electron transport layer (4)    Hole transport layer (5)    Barrier layer (8)
NOVELTY - Electrochemical deposition of a catalyst comprises arranging a precursor layer having a catalyst salt between a membrane and a membrane-electrode unit; inserting the unit into a fuel cell; and depositing the catalyst in-situ in the fuel cell.    USE - Used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The optimum catalyst coating is formed on one electrode of the membrane-electrode unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The catalyst is simultaneously deposited on the anode side and on the cathode side. The precursor layer contains different catalyst salts. The membrane-electrode unit is built into a direct methanol fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Particle-fiber agglomerates contain fibers with the structure of single fibers, fiber bundles and/or fiber bunches with adhering particles.    USE - Used as catalysts in mobile applications, in fuel cells and in the treatment of exhaust gases (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The agglomerates are effective as catalysts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of particle-fiber agglomerates comprising mixing fibers with a binder and contacting with particles, or mixing fibers with particle powder, pressing to form agglomerates and breaking into pieces.    Preferred Features: The fibers are glass fibers, ceramic fibers, carbon fibers, graphite fibers, polymer fibers or metal fibers. The particles contain an inert mass or a catalytically active mass.
NOVELTY - A substrate contains silicon nitride, silicon carbide and silicon oxynitride as crystalline phases with a crystalline silicon amount of not more than 5 %, a shrinkage during manufacture of less than 5% and an open porosity of less than 15%.    USE - Used in the production of semiconductor components and thin layer solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The substrate can be economically produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the substrate comprising intensively mixing a starting mixture, molding by pressing, slip casting, hot pressing, extruding or foil casting, crosslinking in an inert atmosphere, pyrolyzing, nitriding and optionally sintering.    Preferred Features: The substrate is made from carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, silicides and/or borides of silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese and/or iron. The substrate contains less than 20 wt.% sintering additives made from silica, alkaline earth oxides, group IIIB and IVB oxides, and oxides of vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, calcium and/or nickel alone or in combination with B2O3, Al2O3 and/or TiO2.
NOVELTY - Reactor unit has sheet layers (2) partially forming a honeycomb structure (3) through which a fluid can flow. The layers having heating fluid channels (4) arranged parallel to the heating fluid direction (5) and gas mixture channels (6) arranged parallel to the gas mixture direction (7). The heating fluid channels and the gas mixture channels form an angle of 45-135, especially 90degrees.    USE - Used for steam reforming a gas mixture stream containing hydrocarbons in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor unit has a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The sheet layers are structured so that the gas mixture channels are arranged with the heating fluid channels between two sheet layers. The sheet layers forming the gas mixture channels have a catalytically active coating. The reactor unit further comprises an electrical heater.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the honeycomb structure.    sheet layers (2)    honeycomb structure (3)    heating fluid channels (4)    heating fluid direction (5)    gas mixture channels (6)    gas mixture direction (7)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electrode assemblies formed in a base (14), has hydrophilic threads for absorbing reacted water. A fluid supply channel (32) and an exhaust channel (38) in the base, have mixing and water recovery and recirculation chambers (36,53) respectively. A fuel cell assembly formed by the electrode assemblies and the channels, is integrated by the electrical components in the base.    USE - Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) device used as power source for portable electronic device. Also applicable to fuel cells using hydrogen and ethanol.    ADVANTAGE - The reacted water is collected by the hydrophilic threads and recirculated, thereby providing less consumption and replenishment of water supply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for direct methanol fuel cell device fabrication method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the direct methanol fuel cell device.    Base (14)    Fluid supply channel (32)    Mixing water recovery chamber (36)    Exhaust channel (38)    Recirculation chamber (53)
NOVELTY - Power and temperature signals output from a closed electrical circuit (11) and the fuel cell (2), are input to an electronic control unit (8). Quantity of fuel flowing per unit time and/or oxygen acting as supporter for combustion are regulated by a modulator (6) and a valve (7), based on power and temperature signals.    USE - For controlling operation of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By controlling quantity of fuel and combustion supporter using modulator, energy efficiency is improved. By regulating fuel and combustion supporter, the cell can be shutdown more quickly in the case of need.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell operation control device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of fuel cell operation control device.    Fuel cell (2)    Modulator (6)    Valve (7)    Electronic control unit (8)    Closed electrical circuit (11)
NOVELTY - A reformer for producing hydrogen-rich gas from a hydrocarbon-containing liquid, having a housing containing at least one reformer zone and at least one inlet, includes a heat shield for thermally insulating the reformer, such that a reduction in the operating temperature of at least one reforming zone by 50% takes at least 8 hours    USE - The reformer is especially used for producing hydrogen to drive the fuel cell of an electrically powered automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The heat shield improves the cold start performance of the reformer, since the device is prevented from cooling too quickly. This is especially advantageous in automobile applications, where the devices are repeatedly reactivated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic and perspective diagram of the reformer.    Reformer (1)    Housing (2)    Reaction zones (3, 4, 5)    Interior space (6)    Inlets (7)    Heat shield (8)    Electrical heater (9)    Honeycomb structure (10)    Fuel cell (14)    Heat reservoir (15)    Axis (17)    Flow direction (19)
NOVELTY - In a reactor for partial oxidation of hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures (A), comprising a housing with an inner surface at least partially surrounding a honeycomb structure (with inlet and outlet end faces) through which (A) flows, the honeycomb structure has at least one free heat dissipating surface (facing the housing inner surface) with an emissivity of more than 75% (preferably more than 85%) at 600 degrees C.    USE - The reactor is especially a mobile reformer (claimed), e.g. for producing hydrogen-containing gas to drive the fuel cell of an electrically powered automobile.    ADVANTAGE - At transient high temperatures (ca. 1300 degrees C) reached during the partial oxidation, the honeycomb structure radiates heat at an increased rate to be absorbed by the housing, so that the reactor is protected against overheating of the honeycomb structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the reactor.    Reactor (1)    Housing (3)    Inner surface (4)    Honeycomb structure (5)    Inlet end face (6)    Outlet end face (7)    Free emitting surface (8)    External surface (9)    Cooling fins (10)    Heat exchanger (11)    Cooling medium (12)    Sensor (13)    Flow direction (14)    Microstructure (15)    Mixing region (23)    Catalyst (26)    Oxidant supply (29)    Burner (31)    Radiation direction (32)    Axis (34)    Reformer (35)
NOVELTY - Method for mineralizing water with a fuel cell system based on hollow microfibers, uses monosilane as the fuel and catalyst activator, and involves using products obtained by oxidizing and/or nitrating monosilane while producing electrical energy and heat from chemical energy.    USE - Mineralizing water for use as drinking water (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel is easy to transport and the surface area and flexibility are high.
NOVELTY - An external wire connects the conductive plate having photocatalyst coating to the metal structure (12) that has to be protected. The photocatalyst plate (10) acts as the non-sacrificial anode to continuously provide electrons to metal structure when sunlight irradiates on the photocatalyst plate.    USE - For preventing corrosion of metal structures.    ADVANTAGE - The photocatalyst functions as non-sacrificial photoanode under sunlight, hence external power supply is not necessary. The system is easily installed outdoors, hence maintenance is easy. The photocatalyst used is inexpensive and does not require sophisticated technique to manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the corrosion prevention system.    Photocatalyst plate (10)    Metal structure (12)
NOVELTY - Electrochemical preparation of hydrogen peroxide comprises cathodic reduction of oxygen and anodic oxidation of hydrogen in a fuel cell fitted with a membrane electrode unit (MEU). The membrane consists of a sulfonic acid group-containing fluorinated polymer or copolymer. It has a thickness of greater than 50-300 microns. The reaction products and unreacted gases are then removed.    USE - Preparation of hydrogen peroxide, particularly an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.    ADVANTAGE - By using a thick membrane in the MEU of a fuel cell, a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide can be obtained than when using a thin membrane under given operating conditions e.g. pressure, temperature, current density and degree of moistening.
NOVELTY - The mean concentration of particles in a thin silicon film (5) laminated on a photoelectric conversion layer is within 1018-1022 particles/cm. The spin density of the thin film measured with an electron-spin resonance method is less than 1018 particles/cm.    USE - Photoelectric conversion device such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Increases bending characteristics of films by controlling spin density in thin silicon film to increase efficiency of photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of photoelectric conversion device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thin silicon film (5)
NOVELTY - Several acicular processes are performed in the light receiving surface (2) of a p-type silicon substrate (3) to obtain a rough surface finish in the light receiving surface. Silicon dioxide membrane is formed in the rough surface area.    USE - Back-side electrode type solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces reflecting rate by providing a rough surface finish. Prevents recombination of loss of a carrier to obtain a solar battery with high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of solar battery element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon substrate (3)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has an anti-reflective coating (1d) formed on a silicon substrate (1) having a PN junction portion provided with rough surface. The crystal defects (1g) are formed in the recess of the PN junction rough surface.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - By providing the crystal defects, the reflection from the substrate is prevented. Thus, improving conversion effectiveness of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell manufacture method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the solar cell.    Silicon substrate (1)    Anti-reflective coating (1d)    Crystal defects (1g)
NOVELTY - A bus bar electrode (5a) is divided by finger electrode (5b) in orthogonal direction. A connection electrode (5c) is arranged between the divided bus bar electrode. The connection electrode and finger electrode lie on the same line.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the binding strength of electrode without reducing the characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of electrode pattern of solar cell.    Bus bar electrode (5a)    Finger electrode (5b)    Connection electrode (5c)
NOVELTY - A (bcc) structured hydrogen occluding alloy whose hydrogen occluding characteristics have been deteriorated through repeated occluding and discharge cycles, is thermally treated at 150-700 degreesC in the vacuum.    USE - Used for regenerating deteriorated hydrogen occluding alloy.    ADVANTAGE - This method is able to regenerate deteriorated hydrogen occluding alloy after repeated occluding and discharge cycles substantially to its initial state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are included for a more narrow temperature range of thermal treatment, a criterion of regenerating by the amount of Laves phase precipitated in the regenerating process, composition of hydrogen occluding alloy that can be regenerated, and for a hydrogen (occluding alloy) holder equipped with devices necessary to regenerate hydrogen occluding alloy.
NOVELTY - Argon gas is sprayed on the surface of a silicon crystal sheet (2) during solidification of the silicon melt solution (3), for removing the contaminants and smoothening the silicon sheet.    USE - For manufacturing crystal sheet (claimed) used for solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple and inexpensive method to manufacture a low cost crystal sheet. Provides a low cost solar battery with high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Solar battery; and    (b) Crystal sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the silicone sheet manufacturing apparatus.    Silicone crystal sheet (2)    Silicone melt solution (3)
NOVELTY - A P-type semiconductor layer (11) is formed on a tray and an insulating resin (13) covers the layer. The layer is exposed through the resin and is hardened. The resin is removed and N-type semiconductor layer (12) is formed on the P-type semiconductor layer. The N-type layer is exposed to form a spherical cell (10).    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Inexpensive solar cell with high reliability with sufficient effectiveness is provided by forming P-type and N-type semiconductor layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of solar cell.    Spherical cell (10)    P-type semiconductor layer (11)    N-type semiconductor layer (12)    Insulating resin (13)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of organosilicon nanocluster involves reacting a mixture containing a halogenated silane and an organic halide in presence of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, followed by reduction using metal hydride.    USE - For manufacture of organosilicon nanocluster used for manufacture of a silicon thin film and a silicon oxide thin film, which are used in an electronic apparatus (claimed). The silicon thin film is used for thin film transistor, liquid crystal display, solar battery, etc. The silicon oxide thin film is used as insulation film of semiconductor integrated circuit and as an insulating layer in microelectronics field.    ADVANTAGE - The organosilicon nanocluster having high stability and low oxygen content is manufactured without column separation and hydrofluoric acid processing, in less number of steps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) manufacture of a silicon thin film which involves forming a thin film containing organosilicon nanocluster on a base surface and baking in a non-oxidizing atmosphere;    (2) manufacture of a silicon oxide thin film which involves forming thin film containing organosilicon nanocluster on the base surface, and baking under an oxidizing atmosphere;    (3) manufacture of an electronic apparatus which has silicon or silicon oxide thin film formed on the base surface; and    (4) manufacture of optical device which involves irradiating light to the silicon oxide thin film and forming optical waveguide with silicon oxide thin film formed on the base surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the infrared absorption spectrum of silicon nanocluster. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A cooling unit is arranged to cool the hydrogen occlusion alloy in a hydrogen storage tank (40). A dew condensation water storage tank (56) stores the condensed water collected from the surface of hydrogen storage tank by a collection unit (50).    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed) in motor vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Attains effective usage of heat energy during filling of hydrogen storage tank, thereby improving energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a fuel cell system; and    (2) a motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen storage tank (40)    Dew condensation water collection unit (50)    Dew condensation water storage tank (56)
NOVELTY - A barrier bottom surface protective sheet has a metal or metal oxide evaporated film on one surface of a substrate film. A weather-resistant resin layer is provided on the deposited film-side of the barrier bottom surface protective sheet. A weather-resistant outermost layer is provided on the weather-resistant resin layer surface.    USE - The bottom surface protective sheet is used for the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The bottom surface protective sheet has superior strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, sleet resistance, chemical resistance, damp proofing resistance, antifouling property, light reflection, light diffusion, and design.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The weather-resistant outermost layer consists of a hardening resin composition containing an unsaturated group-containing acrylate-based copolymer.
NOVELTY - The electrochemical device comprises a proton conductor clamped between a pole supplying hydrogen gas and a pole supplying oxygen gas, and a water content supply device. The proton conductor comprises cluster derivative with a group of proton dissociation property in the carbon atom of the cluster. Water is supplied to the proton conductor.    USE - For motor vehicle and drive.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductivity is improved by the electrochemical device, and a high output is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrochemical device comprises a mixer which mixes water content to the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas. The proton conductor contains 20 weight% or less of polymeric materials. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for drive method of electrochemical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the tube-like carbonaceous derivative of the proton conductor.
NOVELTY - The electric power is supplied to a load from a solar cell, and hydrogen is generated from a water-splitting apparatus which decomposes water. The hydrogen produced is stored in hydrogen storage apparatus and electricity is generated from fuel cell using stored hydrogen. Hydrogen is previously supplied to the hydrogen storage apparatus before operation, and is stored in the hydrogen occlusion alloy.    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The power supply system of self-support type, provides reliable power supply stably for long period of time. Wastage of hydrogen formed from dump power is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electric power is supplied to a load from a solar cell (1), and hydrogen is generated from a water-splitting apparatus (4) which decomposes water by dump power of the cell. The hydrogen produced is stored in a hydrogen storage apparatus (5) which includes hydrogen occlusion alloy, and electricity is generated from a fuel cell (6) using the stored hydrogen. Insufficient electric power is applied to the load when power consumption in the load exceeds electric power of the cell. The hydrogen is previously supplied to the hydrogen storage apparatus before operation, and is stored with the hydrogen occlusion alloy.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for power supply system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows circuit block diagram of the power supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (1)    Water-splitting apparatus (4)    Hydrogen storage apparatus (5)    Fuel cell (6)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell arrangement comprises a number of fuel cells (12) arranged in a stack (10) and each having an electrolyte matrix (3) between an anode (1) and a cathode (2) with current collectors arranged on the anode and on the cathode. Sealing elements are provided on opposite lying sides of the stack forming a U-shaped cross-section open to the inside of the fuel cell. The elements seal the current collectors from the anode and/or cathode and form sealing surfaces against the gas hood.    USE - Used as a fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is easy to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The current collectors have a porous structure which supports the anode and/or cathode. The height of the sealing elements corresponds to the thickness of the half cell formed by the current collector and anode and/or cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the fuel cell arrangement.    anode (1)    cathode (2)    electrolyte matrix (3)    stack (10)    fuel cells (12)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises an electrolyte matrix (3) arranged between an anode (1) and a cathode (2). The anode and/or cathode has a reactivity which varies with the progression of the fuel gas stream from the anode inlet to the anode outlet (14) and/or with the progression of the cathode gas stream from the cathode inlet (15) to the cathode outlet (16) with the homogenization of the gas reactions over the surface of the reactive layers of the anode and cathode.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A uniform current density is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a fuel cell comprising forming the reactive layers of anode, cathode and/or matrix by spraying the anode material, cathode material, electrolyte material or catalyst material onto a support structure and/or onto the half cell formed by the support structure and the anode or cathode. Preferred Features: The anode has a reactivity which increases with the progression of the fuel gas stream from the anode inlet to the anode outlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the fuel cell.    anode (1)    cathode (2)    electrolyte matrix (3)    anode outlet (14)    cathode inlet (15)    cathode outlet (16)
NOVELTY - The invention relates to an electricity generating method used in fuel battery with proton exchange membrane. The current is generated as follows. Hydrogen gas with high pressure in hydrogen gas source chamber is decompressed and buffered through a buffering chamber for hydrogen gas. The decompressed hydrogen gas enters into electricity generating unit where electrochemical reaction happens on a proton exchange membrane, current being generated. The invention makes operation of thin kind of fuel battery stable and reliable. Moreover, it provides a special set with unique structure and stable working performance for said electricity generating method.
NOVELTY - The invention relates to improvement on deflecting plate structure in fuel battery with proton exchange membrane. The deflecting plate consists of gas inlet, gas outlet and deflecting groove. The defflecting groove is composed of groove bottom and groove wall. Diffusive and convergent channels are formed by section of the deflecting groove caused from shape versatility of groove bottom and groovewall. Multi-shapes of groove bottom and groove wall including sand hill shape, ripple shape, saw-tooth shape bring varied section of deflecting groove to multiple structure that causes 15% increased generated electricity per unit area and 10% increased electricity generating efficiency.
(AT200100637-A)   NOVELTY - Combined heating and power station comprises a fuel cell and a reformer (2) impinged with the exhaust gas from the fuel cell. The reformer is connected to a metal hydride hydrogen storage device (3) which in turn is connected to the fuel cells on the outlet side.    USE - Used as a combined heating and power station.    ADVANTAGE - The station can be quickly started up.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The metal hydride hydrogen storage device contains metallic elements, e.g. Pd, Mg, La, intermetallic compounds such as ZrMn2, LaNi5, Mg2Ni or multiple phase alloys such as TiNi-Ti2Ni or Mg-Mg2Ni. A bypass line (15) is arranged parallel to the hydrogen storage device and is connected to it via switching valves (7, 8) in a connecting line (14) between the reformer and the hydrogen storage device and in a removal line of the hydrogen storage device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the combined heating and power station.    reformer (2)    metal hydride hydrogen storage device (3)    switching valves (7, 8)    connecting line (14)    bypass line (15)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell arrangement comprises: a fuel cell current source (10); peripheral units; a controlled hydrogen source (11) assigned to the current source; an electronic control circuit (12) for regulating the current source; and an electronic control circuit (13) for regulating the hydrogen source.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell arrangement is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The binder of the electronic control circuit for regulating the current source is coupled to the corresponding binder of the electronic control circuit for regulating the hydrogen source.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating the fuel cell arrangement comprising: directly controlling the hydrogen source depending on the power requirement for the fuel cell current source.    Preferred Features: The electronic control circuits are microprocessors. The hydrogen source comprises a tank (19) for the liquid containing a hydrolyzable hydride and catalyst beds (28) for effecting the hydrolysis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell arrangement.    fuel cell current source (10)    controlled hydrogen source (11)    electronic control circuit (12)    electronic control circuit (13)    tank (19)    catalyst bed (28)
NOVELTY - Exhaust channel (38) in base portion (14) with electrical components for integration of fuel cell assembly, is spaced from fluid supply channel (32) and ejects fluid from fuel cell membrane electrode assembly. Methanol concentration sensor (39) is connected to fuel cell membrane electrode assembly and channel (32) which in combination with exhaust channel form single fuel cell assembly (12).    USE - For supplying power to portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - The system is semi-self contained system which is not orientation sensitive and hence it is easily movable. The provision of sensor enables to regulate methanol concentration in supplied fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell array apparatus; and    (2) fuel cell array apparatus fabricating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the simplified sectional view of direct methanol fuel cell system.    Fuel cell assembly (12)    Base portion (14)    Fluid supply channel (32)    Exhaust channel (38)    Methanol concentration sensor (39)
NOVELTY - A control signal is generated in response to a comparison of a short circuit current produced by a direct methanol fuel cell (16) and a reference value. A concentration regulator (20), coupled to methanol and water sources (22, 24), varies the concentration of methanol supplied to the fuel cell based on the generated control signal.    USE - For regulating methanol concentration in direct methanol fuel cell system (DMFC) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The concentration of methanol supplied to the anode is actively controlled, thereby optimizing the performance of the system, and minimizing cross-over without requiring a methanol concentration sensor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for direct methanol fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of a DMFC.    Direct methanol fuel cell (16)    Concentration regulator (20)    Methanol and water sources (22, 24)
NOVELTY - Preparation of transition metal-containing zeolite catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis and calcification, comprises using a transition metal carbonyl, isonitrile or cyano complex.    USE - For the oxidation of organic compounds, particularly phenol from benzene, cresol from toluene, methyl-substituted phenol, trimethylphenol and trimethylhydroquinone from trimethylbenzene, nitrophenol from nitrobenzene, aminophenol from aminobenzene and halophenol from halobenzene, benzcatechin, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucin, tocopherols and propylene oxide from propene, and in fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The selectivity, activity and conversion are high, the catalyst is thermally stable and the product is easily separated from the catalyst (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of transition metal-containing zeolite catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis and calcification comprises using a transition metal carbonyl, isonitrile or cyano complex of formula (I):    (metal2(CO)a(CN)b(CNR)c(X)d(Y)e)m (I)    R = 1-10C alkyl;    a-e = 0 or integer where a+b+c+d+e = at least 1;    X and Y = volatile component; and    m = 0 or positive or negative whole number.
NOVELTY - A fuel generating apparatus has a vaporizer, a reformer, a carbon monoxide eliminator, and a reforming air amount control device.    USE - For a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a fuel gas generating apparatus having fast warm-up of a reformer, a CO eliminator, or a system gas path, and fast stabilization of a fuel gas composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel generating apparatus comprises a vaporizer that generates a fuel vapor by vaporizing a raw liquid fuel. A reformer is provided for generating a reforming gas that includes hydrogen from the raw fuel gas that has been partially oxidized by adding reforming air to the fuel vapor generated by the vaporizer. A carbon monoxide (CO) eliminator is provided for generating a fuel gas having CO eliminated by adding a CO eliminating air to the reforming gas generated by the reformer. A reforming air amount control device is provided for controlling the supplied amount of the reforming air during the warm-up of the reformer to become larger than the supplied amount of reforming air during the idle operation after completion of the warm-up.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a drawing showing the schematic structure of the inventive fuel gas generating apparatus.
NOVELTY - A silicon nitride layer (14) is formed on a partially annealed silicon layer (12') in nitrogen containing annealing atmosphere (16) in absence of oxidizing and reducing materials, under 700-760 torr and at 600-900 degrees C with 1-20 sccm nitrogen flow rate. A gate dielectric layer is formed by oxidizing the silicon nitride layer and the silicon layer under same temperature, pressure with same flow rate of oxygen gas.    USE - For forming dielectric layer in integrated circuit microelectronic fabrication including solar cell, ceramic substrate and flat panel display microelectronic fabrications.    ADVANTAGE - The formation of gate dielectric layer enhances hot carrier resistance properties and mobile dopant diffusion barrier properties. Ensures dielectric layers with attenuated oxidation rates and enhanced dielectric layer uniformity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show the schematic cross-sectional views of the processes involved in forming dielectric layer.    silicon layer (12')    silicon nitride layer (14)    annealing atmosphere (16)
NOVELTY - A gas distribution layer is secured centrally to each side of a metal layer containing coolant flow openings in the corners and gas flow openings along its sides.    USE - For proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC's) used to replace internal combustion engines in cars.    ADVANTAGE - Bipolar plates can be made by soldering or welding together metal components, which results in a relatively cheap and strong plate. The plate has excellent electrical conductivity, heat conductance, mechanical stability and tightness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bipolar plate for fuel cells or electrochemical reactors comprises a distribution component on either outer side of a metal layer, for distributing gas over a cathode or anode surface. The plate comprises a welded-together metal unit with passages for gas and coolant to flow through. A distribution unit in the form of a rectangular gas distribution layer is centrally secured, preferably by soldering, to each side of the metal layer. Length direction gas flow openings are located close to the top, bottom and side edges of the metal layer, outside the gas distribution layer. Gas flow after the cathode surface on one side of the plate is at right angles to the corresponding gas flow after the anode surface on the other side of the plate. Coolant flow openings are provided in each corner of the metal layer. A separate coolant circuit (3) can be integrated into the metal layer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the use of the plate for constructing a fuel cell stack or electrochemical reactor.
NOVELTY - The substrate is made of polycrystalline sintered compact which consists of silicon or silicide crystal grain. Micro holes are formed on the crystal grain and the boundary between the grains, to scatter the light.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The capability of the battery characteristics is improved effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of solar battery substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a profile of discharge plasma sintering device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas formation equipment (10) consists of a reaction portion in which hydrogen is formed by the hydrolysis of metal hydride (12). A coating inhibition mechanism is provided which inhibits the quantity of reaction product which coats the surface of the unreacted metal hydride.    USE - For fuel cell system used in electrically driven motor vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reaction rate of the hydrolysis reaction of the metal hydride is improved. Hydrogen gas is formed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Fuel cell system. The fuel cell system consists of a fuel cell (2) which performs electricity generation by the supply of the obtained hydrogen;    (2) Motor vehicle driven by electric power which contains the fuel cell;    (3) Hydrogen gas formation method. The method involves performing reaction promotion process which inhibits quantity of reaction product which coats the unreacted metal hydride at the time of hydrolyzation of the metal hydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the vehicle containing the hydrogen gas formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Hydrogen gas formation equipment (10)    Metal hydride (12)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen (7) is generated by thermally decomposing a complex metal hydride (5) by heating in the presence of a catalyst (6). The substance and the metal of at least one kind of the catalyst, is selected from a metallic oxide and carbonaceous material.    USE - For generation of hydrogen used for synthetic chemical industry, petroleum refining.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen of sufficient amount is generated by accelerating thermal decomposition of complex metal hydride at low temperature. The hydrogen generation method and the hydrogen generator, are useful by using the complex metal hydride as hydrogen supply source of a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen generator (1) having a heating apparatus (4) for heating complex metal hydride and complex metal catalyst arranged inside a reaction container (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model of the hydrogen generator.    Hydrogen generator (1)    Reaction container (3)    Heating apparatus (4)    A complex metal hydride (5)    Catalyst (6)    Hydrogen (7)
NOVELTY - A selective oxidation catalyst of carbon monoxide performs oxidation removal of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing-gas selectively, and comprises an active metal component such as iridium supported on a carrier.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide selectively from hydrogen-containing-gas and used at the later flow side of methanol reformer which performs hydrogen production in a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The selective oxidation catalyst containing iridium effectively inhibits the adsorption of hydrogen. Since adsorption of carbon monoxide is accelerated, selective oxidation is performed effectively. The catalyst has high-performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid polymer fuel cell using iridium group catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An insulating film is formed on the surface of a metal substrate.    USE - The method produces the insulating substrate used for a thin film polycrystal silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The silicone-based resin having a high inorganic bond ratio provides the insulating film with enhanced heat stability and evolves no defects, including blister at high-temperature heating. The insulating film has superior heat stability, less gas generation at high-temperature heating in forming the solar battery cell. No adverse effect is exerted on equipment for forming the solar battery cell. No heat cracks and superior insulation are observed. The solar battery cell has high electric power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The insulating film is formed by blending a silicone-based resin using an Si-O bond of formula (I) as its major skeleton with a composite oxide pigment having a particle diameter of 1 micrometers or less, 10-60 percent by mass.    R1, R2 = alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl;    R3 = phenyl;    m = less than n.
NOVELTY - New photo-semiconductor electrode comprises a super molecule-(A) loaded on the surface of a metal oxide semiconductor-(B). The super molecule is given by binding a dye molecule-(a1) and a molecule-(a2) whose HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) has an energy level of higher than 7.5 eV.    USE - For dye-sensitized electrochemical solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new photo-semiconductor electrode is stable and has improved durability.
NOVELTY - The heating gas reformer in a fuel cell system has a desulfurizer (2), a modifier (3), carbon monoxide transformer (4), carbon monoxide removal device (5), vaporizer (6), a modifier burner (3b) and a heat exchanger (13), all integrated in a box (1).    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon group heating gas, such as town gas.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer reforms heating gas effectively with reduced energy consumption and without overheating of fan.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the outline of the side view, top view and sectional drawing of the heating gas reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Box (1)    Desulfurizer (2)    Modifier (3)    Modifier burner (3b)    Carbon monoxide transformer (4)    Carbon monoxide removal device (5)    Vaporizer (6)    Heat exchanger (13)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacture involves removing carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide leaked and mixed in hydrogen which is separated from reformed gas by using hydrogen separation membrane (5) and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The yield is improved. The hydrogen separation membrane removes hydrogen reliably even when the reformed gas, containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide leaks to a transmission side. The separation membrane with small film thickness is produced easily. The hydrogen is manufactured economically. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation membrane (5)
NOVELTY - A pair of temperature sensors (41,43) detects temperature in reformation unit (11) that reforms raw material gas supplied through a gas flow path (21) and a selective oxidation unit (12) oxidizes selectively carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas. A controller (44) controls a shutoff valve (31) and flow regulating valves (32,33) for regulating the flow of reformed gas, based on pressure of the reformed gas that is determined from the output of the temperature sensors.    USE - For use in fuel cell electricity generation system used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The pressure of the reformed gas is determined accurately. Size reduction and weight reduction of the reformation system is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformation unit (11)    Oxidation unit (12)    Gas flow path (21)    Shutoff valve (31)    Flow regulating valves (32,33)    Temperature sensors (41,43)    Controller (44)
NOVELTY - Polysiloxanes comprising hydrolyzed/condensed product of mixture of specific silane compounds (A) and (B), and (C) either one or both of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, heat treating at 100-300 degrees C provides a self supporting film.    USE - Used in fuel cell, capacitor and electrochromic display element.    ADVANTAGE - Product is obtained in a self supporting film and is highly proton conductive and reduction of the conductivity retains even in hot and dry condition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polysiloxanes comprises a hydrolyze/condensed product of a mixture of (A) a silane compound of formula (I), (B) a silane compound of formula (II) and (C) one or both of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, then heat treating at 100-300 degrees C as required.    R1aSi(OR2)4-a (I)    R3bSi(OR2)4-b (II)    R1 = monovalent functional group;    R2 = monovalent organic group;R3 = H, halogen atom, alkyl or aryl;    a = integer 1-2;    b = integer 0-2
NOVELTY - A packing material is located at at least the single side peripheral edge portion of a separator for a macromolecular solid fuel cell.    USE - The packing material is used for the macromolecular solid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The mixing weight ratio of the liquid silicone rubber to the liquid fluorocarbon rubber, 30/70-95.5, exhibits superior acid resistance. The packing material has the superior acid resistance, long-term service, superior durability, and retains long-term elasticity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The packing material is formed by mixing liquid silicone rubber and liquid fluorocarbon rubber.
NOVELTY - Rubber packings comprising vulcanized or cross linked rubber layer, is positioned between a separator (5) and fuel cell. The rubber layer is formed in the peripheral portion of separator by conducting vulcanization adhesion of rubber coating agent.    USE - For sealing of solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The rubber packing is arranged reliably without producing any deformation of the sealant. Gas seal between cell and separator is performed easily and reliably. The productivity of fuel cell becomes high when rubber layer is integrated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for molding method of rubber packing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of separator with which the rubber packing is integrally molded.    Separator (5)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell comprises a UV-light absorbing material which contains a polycondensate of formula (1-I).    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new cell is less degraded on long time exposure to sunlight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell, having a transparent substrate, a metal oxide semiconductor electrode, dye adsorbed on the electrode surface, electrolyte, and a counter electrode, comprises a UV-light absorbing material which contains a polycondensate of formula (1-I). Formula (1-I)-p    R1 to R4 = hydrogen or halogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl group;    X1, X2 = phenylene or naphthylene group;    Y1, Y2 = 1-20C alkylene group;    n1, n2, m1, m2 = 0 or 1 (n1+m1 = 1-2, n2+m2 = 1-2)
NOVELTY - The continuous manufacture of a transparent resin substrate is new.    USE - The method continuously manufactures the transparent resin substrate for a display substrate for liquid crystal, organic electroluminescent device; optical filter; optical communications material; solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The irradiation with the active ray applies no heat shrinkage to the support sheets in peeing the support sheets after hardening the photopolymeric monomer composition. The result exhibits no drift between the support sheets and the sheet-like photopolymeric monomer composition. The resulting transparent resin substrate has the uniform flat surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The continuous manufacture comprises:    (a) supplying a photopolymeric monomer composition on a lower support sheet to be transferred;    (b) laying an upper support sheet transferred in the same direction at the same speed as those for the lower support sheet on the photopolymeric monomer composition;    (c) irradiating the photopolymeric monomer composition with an active ray for hardening the photopolymeric resin composition. One support sheet comprises a seamless endless steel sheet. The other support sheet comprises a transparent flexible synthetic resin sheet.
NOVELTY - The continuous manufacture of a transparent resin substrate is new.    USE - The method continuously manufactures the transparent resin substrate for a display substrate for liquid crystal, organic electroluminescent device; optical filter; optical communications material; solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The irradiation with the active ray applies no heat shrinkage to the support sheets in peeing the support sheets after hardening the photopolymeric monomer composition. The result exhibits no drift between the support sheets and the sheet-like photopolymeric monomer composition. The resulting transparent resin substrate has the uniform flat surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The continuous manufacture comprises: (a) supplying a photopolymeric monomer composition on a lower support sheet to be transferred; (b) laying an upper support sheet transferred in the same direction at the same speed as those for the lower support sheet on the photopolymeric monomer composition; (c) irradiating the photopolymeric monomer composition with an active ray for hardening the photopolymeric resin composition. The method comprises: (a) a former stage hardening process - passing the lower support sheet and/or the upper support sheet to irradiate the photopolymeric monomer composition with the active ray; (b) a latter stage hardening process - peeling both the sheets; irradiating the photopolymeric monomer composition with the active ray.
NOVELTY - A solar cell with thin layers of silicon-germanium has a structure of quantum pits made up of a succession of layers of silicon and germanium arranged on a silicon substrate (1, 2, 3), at the interior of the zone of the space charges of the junction forming silicon p-n diode (6, 7).    USE - The invention is notably applicable to the production of silicon based solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention improves the yield of solar cells based on silicon and germanium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of fabricating such a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing represents a schematic succession of layers of the solar cell incorporating pockets of germanium.    Silicon substrate (1, 2, 3)    Separation layer (6)    Emitter layers (7, 8)    Quantum pits layer (41)    Wetting layer (42)    Layer of Germanium pockets (43)
NOVELTY - Production of electrical energy from hydrogen produced as waste product during carbon monoxide synthesis comprises releasing the heat energy from the hydrogen and converting into electrical energy using a galvanic fuel element.    USE - Used for producing electrical energy from hydrogen produced as the waste product during carbon monoxide synthesis.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a flexible substrate, an n-type window layer (425), and a p-type absorption layer (430). The n-type window layer and the p-type absorption layer are deposited at low temperatures to avoid damage on the substrate.    USE - As a solar cell in e.g., portable radio electronics, solar module roof tiles for residential use, mobile telephones, and military applications.    ADVANTAGE - The components of the inventive solar cell are deposited at low temperatures and the manufacturing process for the cell can be highly automated, thus less output of energy is required and the cost of manufacture is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of manufacturing the inventive solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    Metal bus bar network (405)    Transparent conductive oxide layer (415)    N-type window layer (425)    P-type absorption layer (430)    Encapsulation layer (440)    Polymer backing layer (445)
NOVELTY - A compact fuel processor comprises a reforming stack (10) for converting hydrocarbon fuel feed (100) into a hydrogen-rich gas (150), and a purification stack (20) for producing a hydrogen-rich gas suitable for direct feed to a fuel cell.    USE - For converting a hydrogen fuel feed such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline or diesel into purified hydrogen-rich gas used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processor produces purified hydrogen-rich gas suitable for direct feed to the fuel cell. The reactor feed is preheated with hot reactor effluent hence the pressure drop is lowered, energy efficiency is improved, and flow path is shortened. The cylindrical vessels of the reforming and purification stacks are stackable without the need for connecting piping to each vessel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the compact fuel processor apparatus.    Reforming stack (10)    Purification stack (20)    Hydrocarbon fuel feed (100)    Finned heat exchanger (102)    Anode tail gas oxidation vessel (104)    Preheated hydrocarbon fuel stream (114)    First desulfurization vessel (116)    Desulfurized hydrocarbon fuel feed (118)    Air (122)    Preheated water stream (124)    Autothermal reforming vessel (128)    Second desulfurization vessel (132)    Desulfurized intermediate hydrogen stream (134)    Shift vessel (136)    Oxidation vessel (144)    hydrogen-rich gas (150)
NOVELTY - A manifold mixes the hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen containing gas (A) to output fuel mixture. An autothermal reactor (206) has a catalyst for reacting the fuel mixture to output hydrogen containing gaseous mixture to catalytic shift reactor (208) which produces intermediate gaseous mixture with reduced carbon monoxide content. A selective oxidation reactor (211) produces the hydrogen rich gas by reacting intermediate mixture.    USE - For producing hydrogen rich gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Minimizes flow path. Reduces energy loss and improves the overall efficiency of power generation by fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel processor.    Autothermal reactor (206)    Catalytic shift reactor (208)    Selective oxidation reactor (211)    Gas (A)
NOVELTY - Each shell has an interior space of passing gas from one end to the other end. A processing core is provided in the space, for effecting a chemical, thermal or physical change to the gas stream. A thermally insulating layer is arranged between the shell and the processing core.    USE - For producing hydrogen-rich gas for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide content is reduced in the hydrogen-rich gas by water stream gas reactor. Modular units are used in any orientation, and is adapted to use with fuel cell, such that hydrogen-rich product gas of the reactor is directly supplied to fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the compact fuel processor apparatus.
NOVELTY - In a nonwoven fleece of hollow fibers with an internal diameter of 10 nm - 50 mum and an outer wall material (I) comprising inorganic compounds containing metal, polymers and/or metals. The hollow fibers are preferentially oriented in one direction in the fleece.    USE - The fleece is used as separation or storage medium for gases, liquids or particle suspensions; in dialysis, as artificial lung, protein store, controlled release or drug delivery system on in medical separation techniques. It is also used as sensor constituent, microreactor or in microelectronics as wire, cable or capacitor; in superconductor technology, as composite material, filler, mechanical reinforcement, thermal insulator or in the cladding industry; in fuel cells, batteries or in electrochemical reactions; in capillary electrophoresis, in scanning probe microscopy or in catalytic systems; as dielectric; and as interlayer dielectric in chip manufacture. The fleece is also used for producing cross-ply fleeces (all claimed), which are useful e.g. in microreactors as micro-heat exchangers or for gas separation.    ADVANTAGE - Extrusion spinning is suitable for making hollow fibers with an inside diameter down to 2 microm but not less. Electrostatic spinning is suitable for making massive fibers with a diameter of 10-3000 nm but not hollow fibers. The process used for producing the present fleeces gives preferentially oriented hollow fibers with an inside diameter in the nm to microm range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of fleece comprising:    (1) obtaining fibers of a first degradable material (II), preferentially oriented in one direction;    (2) coating with other material(s) (I); and    (3) decomposing (II) to give a fleece of hollow fibers preferentially oriented in one direction, with an inside diameter of 10 nm to 50 microns.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen supply device comprises a hydrogen occlusion tank in which hydrogen occluding alloy is accommodated. A supply unit supplies hydrogen to a hydrogen-using apparatus. A mixing unit mixes air warmed by heat generated when the hydrogen-using apparatus consumes hydrogen, with an air of different temperature. A heating unit heats the hydrogen occlusion tank using the mixed air.    USE - For use in e.g., fuel cell system or hydrogen engine.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive hydrogen supply device is of simple construction and can be made small and light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen supply device comprises a hydrogen-using apparatus (7), and a hydrogen occlusion tank (1) in which a hydrogen occluding alloy is accommodated. A hydrogen supply unit (9, V1, 13) supplies hydrogen released from the hydrogen occlusion tank to the hydrogen-using apparatus. A mixing unit (21, 23, 25) mixes air warmed by heat generated when the hydrogen-using apparatus consumes hydrogen, with air having a different temperature from the warmed air. A heating unit (5) heats the hydrogen occlusion tank by using the mixed air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagram illustrating a fuel cell system for vehicle incorporating the inventive hydrogen supply device.    Hydrogen occlusion tank (1)    Heating unit (5)    Hydrogen-using apparatus (7)    Hydrogen supply unit (9, V1, 13)    Hydrogen storage tank (19)    Mixing unit (21, 23, 25)    Flow control unit (V2-V4)
NOVELTY - A metal catalyst is reacted with degassed aqueous organic acid solution in a reaction vessel. The reaction forms a metal oxide and generates hydrogen. The organic acid component of aqueous organic acid solution reduces metal oxide and hence regenerates catalyst and produces water. Thus oxidation and reduction reoccurs in a continuous reaction cycle.    USE - For producing hydrogen which is used as a clean fuel source for heat engine or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is produced continuously and economically. The production of hydrogen is easy and the catalyst is inexpensively regenerated. The generated hydrogen is converted to usable energy in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal catalyst is reacted with degassed aqueous organic acid solution in a reaction vessel adapted for supporting and maintaining anaerobic environment. The reaction is carried out at 80degreesC or more, and at a pH of 4-9. The reaction forms a metal oxide and generates hydrogen. The organic acid component of the aqueous organic acid solution reduces the metal oxide and hence regenerates the catalyst and produces water. Thus oxidation and reduction reoccurs in a continuous reaction cycle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an illustration of the hydrogen production using iron catalyst.
NOVELTY - The gas diffusion electrode comprises catalyst carrying fibrous carbon (21), and several proton conduction materials carrying fibrous carbon (23). The catalyst (20) and the proton conduction material (22) are entangled mutually.    USE - For fuel cells used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the electrical energy formation is increased by joining the fibrous carbon which is an electrical conducting material, catalyst and proton conduction material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst carrying fibrous carbon and proton conduction material carrying fibrous carbon, are formed on the surface of a carbon sheet. The proton conduction material comprises a carbonaceous base material and a group having proton dissociation property. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the production of a gas diffusion electrode;    (2) a fuel cell; and    (3) the production of a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of catalyst carrying fibrous carbon and proton conduction material carrying fibrous carbon.    Catalyst (20)    Catalyst carrying fibrous carbon (21)    Proton conduction material (22)    Proton conduction material carrying fibrous carbon (23)
NOVELTY - The silicon crystal comprises gallium and phosphorus added as dopant.    USE - As solar battery material and semiconductor material for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon crystal manufacturing cost is reduced. The silicon crystal wafer production method prevents reduction of conversion efficiency by photodegradation. The silicon crystal has a large diameter, excellent crystal strength and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxygen concentration between the lattices of the silicon crystal is 16 ppm or less. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Silicon crystal wafer; and    (2) Silicon crystal manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows each dopant concentration with respect to the length direction of a single silicon crystal and resistivity with respect to the length direction of a single silicon crystal. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The back sheet includes a multilayered body constituted by an unhydrolysable resin film (10), a metallic oxide adhering type resin film (9) and a white resin film (6). The unhydrolysable resin film includes 0.5-0.8 wt.% of oligomer content.    USE - Back sheet for solar battery module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reflective power of incident light is enhanced. Inexpensive solar battery module is attained. Voltage withstand property is enhanced. Light weight and prolonged durability are attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of the back sheet for a solar battery module.    White resin film (6)    Metallic oxide adhering type resin film (9)    Unhydrolysable resin film (10)
NOVELTY - A top surface protective film that has a water repellent and oil repellent antifouling layer on a substrate film.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The falling angle in the distilled water or the n-hexadecane of 30 degrees or less and the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of dynamic friction of 0.3 or less prevent stain adhesion, and easily washes the water-based or oily dust in the air by rainwater. The solar battery module has less adhesion and accumulation of stains including the water-based or oily dust in the air and efficiently uses sunlight for power generation, and has high photoelectric conversion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery module consists of a laminate consisting of the substrate film side and a light receiving surface having a photo electromotive force element.
NOVELTY - The carbon film formed on a base material contains carbon dioxide.    USE - As a coating film in electronic devices such as blades, an electric shaver, the mask for screen printings, an office automation (OA) apparatus component, other moving parts, a solar battery, SAW device and a semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon film has high electroconductivity. The mechanical characteristics and chemical stability of a hard carbon film are maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of carbon film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the infrared absorption spectrum of the carbon film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The thin film solar cell has a bottom electrode layer (74), a photoelectric converting layer and a transparent electrode layer on a substrate (71). The bottom electrode layer has an Ag thin film (L) on substrate side and a transparent conduction metal oxide film (N) on the other side. An Ag alloy layer (M) is formed between the two layers (L,N).    USE - Thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Exfoliation due to long term usage is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of electrode layers. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (71)    Bottom electrode layer (74)    Silver thin film (L)    Silver alloy layer (M)    Conduction metal oxide film (N)
NOVELTY - Aluminum compound board is formed by laminating thin film solar cell, by aluminum lamination sheet containing aluminum sheets bonded on both sides of a core material. Thin film solar cell is obtained by laminating sequentially, a heat resistant resin film, a metal electrode layer, an amorphous silicon layer, a transparent electrode layer and a protective layer.    USE - Aluminum compound board with solar cell for use as building material.    ADVANTAGE - Building material having lightweight, freedom for expansion, flexibility and ease of construction is obtained.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion layer is formed on a predetermined electrode layer, along with a connection hole and collector holes inturn formed on a substrate. Another electrode and transparent layers are formed on the inner faces of connection hole and connector hole. The patterns of the photoelectric conversion layer on the substrate are processed and the connection electrode layer on the back side of the substrate is etched using etching device.    USE - For manufacturing thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is manufactured with improved reliability, by preventing the damage caused to their film during patterning process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for thin-film solar cell manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of the solar cell manufacturing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A multilayer structure consisting of a resin joining sheet (3a), a glass fiber sheet (4), a resin joining sheet (3b) and a metal foil (5), is placed on a photoelectric conversion layer (2). The multilayer structure is mounted on a heating platen of a vacuum laminator which is evacuated. A cover glass board (6b) is pressed with the diaphragm of laminator after melting the resin sheets. The resin is then stiffened.    USE - For sealing backside of semiconductor thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Highly reliable sealing is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining the solar cell sealing method.    Photoelectric conversion layer (2)    Resin joining sheets (3a,3b)    Glass fiber sheet (4)    Metal foil (5)    Cover glass board (6b)
NOVELTY - A heat insulating layer (6) is provided to the amorphous silicon type solar battery (1). The outer surface of the heat insulating layer, is covered with ultraviolet blocking layer (5) made of polyethylene terephthalate film pinched with aluminum.    USE - Amorphous silicon type solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The life of the solar cell module is effectively increased and light weight and cheap module can be realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outer sectional view of solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Amorphous silicon type solar battery (1)    Ultraviolet blocking layer (5)    Heat insulating layer (6)
NOVELTY - Process for the preparation of imidazolium iodide (3) involves reacting imidazole derivatives (1) and organic iodides (2), in a cyclic ether solvent with conductivity 4.0-10.0.    USE - Imidazolium iodide is used in electrolytes of wet solar and lithium ion batteries, catalysts or intermediates for organic reaction, and reaction solvents for chemical reactions and metal plating.    ADVANTAGE - Preparation of highly pure imidazolium salts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for the preparation of imidazolium iodide of formula (3) involves reacting imidazole derivatives of formula (1) and organic iodides of formula (2) in a cyclic ether solvent especially tetrahydrofuran (THF), with conductivity 4.0-10.0.    R1, R2, R3, R4 = H atom, an optionally substituted (1-10C alkyl, 2-10C alkenyl or alkynyl, or 5-8C cycloalkyl) group; and    R5 = an optionally substituted (3-10C alk(en or yn)yl) group.
NOVELTY - Power generating device, comprises a proton conductor part (6) having a fullerene derivative, a hydrogen electrode (4) stuck on one surface of the proton conductor part (6), an oxygen electrode (5) stuck on the other surface of the proton conductor part (6), and a hydrogen gas feed part (2) for feeding hydrogen gas of approx. 0.2 to 3.5 atm to the hydrogen electrode (4).    USE - For power generation applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Since the permeation of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is suppressed effectively, it is prevented that the hydrogen gas is released into the atmosphere by the permeation and the oxygen gas reaches the hydrogen electrode by the permeation and hydrogen is consumed without contributing to a power generation.
NOVELTY - A silicon continuous casting method for enhancing the quality of solar cell by reducing temperature gradient in the radial direction of silicon casting mass immediately after solidification exercizing a serious effect on the quality.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silicon material is melted by electromagnetic induction heating in a bottomless crucible combined with an induction coil. Silicon casting masses are produced continuously by lowering molten silicon formed in the bottomless crucible. Plasma heating by a moving plasma arc torch is used to melt the silicon material in addition to the induction heating. The inner surface of the bottomless crucible is scanned in the horizontal direction by means of the moving plasma arc torch when the silicon material is melted. A plasma electrode on the casting mass side for generating a moving plasma arc is brought into contact with the casting surface in a position where the temperature of the casting mass is 500-900 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Production of high-purity silicon comprises: (a) reacting metallurgical silicon with silicon tetrachloride, hydrogen and hydrogen chloride; (b) purifying the resulting trichlorosilane; (c) disproportionating the trichlorosilane into silicon tetrachloride and silane; and (d) thermally decomposing the silane.    USE - The product is useful in the manufacture of solar cells (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of high-purity silicon comprises:    (a) reacting metallurgical silicon with silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) at 500-800 degrees C and 25-40 bar to produce an effluent gas containing trichlorosilane (HSiCl3);    (b) scrubbing the effluent gas with condensed chlorosilanes at 160-220 degrees C and 25-40 bar in a multistage distillation column to obtain a purified HSiCl3-containing gas stream and a solids-containing chlorosilane suspension, and distilling the gas stream to obtain a SiCl4 stream and a HSiCl3 stream;    (c) disproportionating the HSiCl3 stream to SiCl4 and SiH4 by countercurrent contact with steam at 0.5-50 bar in a reactive distillation column containing a solid catalyst and equipped with intermediate and overhead condensers for condensing SiH4 at -25 to 50 degrees C; and    (d) thermally decomposing the SiH4.
NOVELTY - Electricity is generated from fuel cell by passing a fuel stream mixed with first oxygen-enriched stream to a conversion zone to obtain hydrogen-containing reformate stream which is passed to an anode side of fuel-cell zone, and passing second oxygen-enriched stream to a cathode side of fuel-cell zone. The oxygen-enriched stream is obtained from adsorption effluent withdrawn from adsorption zone.    USE - For generating electricity from fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Combustion temperature is maintained in the convection range and the amount of excess air employed in the combustion zone is reduced or eliminated, thus reducing the power consumption required to compress air for combustion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generation of electricity from fuel cell includes passing a fuel stream mixed with first oxygen-enriched stream to a conversion zone that includes a partial oxidation reactor, and converting a portion of the fuel stream to provide hydrogen-containing reformate stream which is passed to an anode side of a fuel-cell zone. A second oxygen-enriched stream is passed to a cathode side of the fuel-cell zone to produce electricity, and anode and cathode waste-gas streams are withdrawn. A portion of the anode waste-gas stream is combusted in the presence of an oxygen-depleted stream to produce a flue-gas stream at combustion zone temperature to partially heat the conversion zone. An air stream is passed to a first adsorption bed in a two-bed adsorption zone to obtain an adsorption effluent stream, which provides first and second oxygen-enriched streams. The adsorption beds contain nitrogen-selective adsorbent. The second adsorption bed in the adsorption zone is regenerated to provide a desorption effluent stream. The desorption effluent stream is passed to the combustion zone as oxygen-depleted stream to maintain the combustion zone at less than 700degreesC.