NOVELTY - The feed-zone comprises a pair of the ceramic layers (7A,8A) that are laminated together. The ceramic layer (7A) has mutually separated partitions (7a,7b) to form space (10A). The ceramic layer (8A) has mutually separated partitions (8a,8b) to from space (9A). The spaces (9A,10A) are connected mutually to form a gas passageway.    USE - For electrochemical cell e.g. solid-electrolyte type fuel cell in laminated ceramic sintered compact (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables turbulent flow of gas passing through ceramic gas feed-zone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for laminated ceramic sintered compact.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of a ceramic layers.    Ceramic layers (7A,8A)    Partitions (7a,7b,8a,8b)    Spaces (9A,10A)
NOVELTY - Evaporation unit evaporates liquid raw material. Hydrogen gas is formed in a modification unit by modification reaction. Condensate removal unit removes a condensate in the modification unit.    USE - For forming hydrogen gas from hydrocarbon group compound e.g. gasoline and alcohols, such as methanol, ether, and aldehyde, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The condensate removal unit prevents warming-up of the modifier. The starting time is reduced.
NOVELTY - An internal combustion engine (1) is driven with theoretical air-fuel ratio during warm-up time. The concentration of air-fuel mixture is increased during drive conditions. A solid oxide fuel cell receives the combustion gas from the engine through fuel electrode to heat the cell.    USE - Electric power source system using solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - The reliability of the system is improved, due to easy warming of SOFC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for warming method of solid oxide fuel cell used in power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of electric power source system.    Internal combustion engine (1)
NOVELTY - A group of fuel flow paths (30b) and exhaust paths (30c) are provided between ribs (30a) of anode plates (30). The fuel is supplied along the respective flow paths selectively such that the exhaust gas produced from the anode side is ejected through the exhaust paths.    USE - E.g., direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) for portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for gas-liquid separation apparatus due to provision of separate flow paths thereby reduces size of cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of direct methanol fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode plate (30)    Rib (30a)    Fuel flow paths (30b)    Exhaust paths (30c)
NOVELTY - A lamp (2) is detachedly attached to a discharge port of an organic refuse processor that dries the organic refuse through a clamp. The outer air and the lamp guide the organic refuse from the discharge port into a collection bag (4).    USE - For collecting dried organic refuse while processing organic refuses from kitchen, recycling of fertilizer, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Allows easy collection of dried organic refuse and prevents spreading of odor from refuse without need for touching the organic refuse.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the organic refuse collection tool. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Lamp (2)    Collection bag (4)
NOVELTY - The groove shaped gas passageways (34,35) are provided on the outer surface of the fuel electron layer and an air polar layer. A gas introduction port (30a) and a gas exhaust port (30b) of the passageways are arranged perpendicular to the electrode and the air polar layers.    USE - Single cell for solid electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Realizes size-reduction and the temperature difference of the reactive gas between the entrance side and outlet side is equalized, by opposing the flow direction of introduction gas and exhaust gas. Prevents failure of fuel cell construction material by thermal stress.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Separator provided between single cells;    (2) Fuel cell stack; and    (3) Solid electrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the gas passageway form used for the single cell.    Gas introduction port (30a)    Gas exhaust port (30b)    Gas passageways (34,35)
NOVELTY - The electrode structure (10) has gas diffusion layers (12) laminated on both sides of a polymeric electrolysis film (11). Several grooves (14) are formed on the surface of the gas diffusion layers for gas passage.    USE - In electrode structure of solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids need for forming grooves on separator. Improves dimensional accuracy of gas passage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of fuel cell.    Electrode structure (10)    Polymeric electrolysis film (11)    Gas diffusion layers (12)    Grooves (14)
NOVELTY - The burner (A) has two fuel routes (21,22) and an oxidizing agent route (23) formed in concentric circles in the radial direction outer side around a common main axial line (L). The end nozzles (71) of both the fuel routes, are formed so as to eject a low calorie fuel and a high calorie fuel from both fuel routes in a direction inclined outwards to the main axial line.    USE - For performing the combustion of low calorie fuel and high calorie fuel alternately in a hydrogen isolated type reformation machine used for fuel system, etc.    ADVANTAGE - An increase in efficiency of a process can be achieved, by ensuring a continuous combustion with a comparatively simple composition without changing the combustion conditions of a low calorie fuel and a high calorie fuel greatly at the time of changing to the low calorie fuel from the high calorie fuel, since the end nozzles of two concentric fuel routes which feed the low and high calorie fuels are formed so as to eject the low and high calorie fuels in a direction inclined outwards from a common main axial line. The heated surface at the inner wall of a combustion chamber can be heated evenly and the temperature distribution can be made almost uniform in both peripheral and axial directions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the outline composition of the burner.    Fuel routes (21,22)    Oxidizing agent route (23)    End nozzle (71)    Burner (A)    Common main axial line (L)
NOVELTY - An aerobic microorganism (I) deposited under accession number FERMP-18105, FERMP-18106, FERMP-18107, FERMP-18108, FERMP-18109, FERMP-18110, FERMP-18111 or FERMP-18112, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for decomposing oils, proteins, starch, cellulose, organic compounds including benzene, xylene and toluene, vegetables and fruits, and calcium, in waste materials.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces environmental pollution effectively. The microorganism is harmless, and has wide industrial applications.
NOVELTY - Chaff powder and pulp sludge of scrap bark, and saw dust of timber processing, or agricultural waste material, are fermented and deodorized. Scum cake, suspended solid sludge from stock raising industry, and organic refuse from foodstuff industry, are mixed with deodorized product, and fermented to produce compost. The compost is mixed with organic sludge, and fermented to form final fermented product.    USE - For processing industrial waste to form final fermented product which is used as dioxin absorbent, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx) absorption agent, and also for domestic organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The industrial waste is processed easily and inexpensively. The generation of sulfide or methane during processing, is eliminated. Also the domestic organic refuse is processed inexpensively, using the same processing method. The treated water drained into river or pond, decreases eutrophication, and improves proliferation of fish. The air pollution due to the waste processing is eliminated. The contamination of river or pond due to draining of the treated water, is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Chaff powder and straw pulp sludge of scrap bark, and saw dust of timber processing, ground material of timber or agricultural waste material, as fermentation raw material, are fermented and deodorized. Scum cake, suspended solid sludge from fishery processing factory or stock raising industry, organic refuse from foodstuffs waste material, and activated sludge from foodstuff factory, are mixed with deodorized product, and fermented using ferment microbe to produce compost. The compost is mixed with organic sludge (obtained by processing industrial waste water), and fermented using ferment microbe to form final fermented product. The treated water obtained is drained into river or pond.
NOVELTY - The equipment has a separation tank (A) in which the insoluble matter formed after processing by a process liquid, is isolated from a purification liquid and a precipitate tank (C) in which insoluble matter is settled. An adjustment device (D) which carries out the control of the process for separating the insoluble matter for a fixed time, is included in the equipment.    USE - For performing the isolation of the insoluble matter contained in liquids such as waste water which contains organic substances by chemically processing the organic substances with a process liquid and making them insoluble.    ADVANTAGE - The insoluble matter contained in the liquid can be isolated reliably by a novel adjustment device which controls the isolation process of insoluble matter from a fixed time after decomposition treatment of impurities contained in waste water and making them insoluble.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of insoluble matter isolation equipment.    Separation tank (A)    Precipitate tank (C)    Adjustment device (D)
NOVELTY - The processed surface of a passive state metal (1) is covered by high hardness particles (3) and noble metal (4) on its either sides. An ultrasonic wave is radiated to vibrate the high hardness particles that collide with the passive state metal to remove the surface oxide film and to coat the surface of the metal with the noble metal.    USE - For treating the carbon surface of separator used in solid polymer fuel cell used in motor vehicle and electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the passive state metal are treated using ultrasonic waves, a low contact resistance property of the solid polymer fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the surface treatment method of carbon present in the passive state metal.    Passive state metal (1)    High hardness particles (3)    Noble metal (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack includes cells formed of a solid polymer electrode member (12) of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid polymer material between stainless steel separator plates, a fuel electrode (13a), an oxygen flow field plate (18) and an outer seal (16) to seal the fuel electrode. Fuel is supplied directly to the unit cells (10) via a distribution manifold (32) so that a smooth supply is obtained to improve generation stability.    USE - Generating power at outdoor events.    ADVANTAGE - Providing light, silent and pollution-free solid fuel with reduced size and weight.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the fuel stack    Electrode member (12)    Fuel electrode (13a)    Seal (16)    Distribution manifold (32)    Flow plate (18)
NOVELTY - Solid adsorbents formed for the purification of hydrocarbons comprises: (1) an alumina; (2) a zeolite present in a quantity of at least 10% molar of the stoichiometric amount necessary to neutralize the negative charge on the zeolite lattice, expressed as oxide; and (3) a metallic constituent.    USE - Composite adsorbents for removing CO 2, COS, H 2S, AsH 3, MeOH, mercaptans and other S or O-containing organic compounds from currents of ethylene, propylene 3 - 4C hydrocarbons and other light hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - The adsorbent compositions can eliminate multiple contaminants in hydrocarbons with a limited rise in temperature. They also have an improved stability after multiple regenerations. The compositions do not adsorb hydrocarbons.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) preparation of the composite adsorbents; and    (2) process of eliminating contaminants in hydrocarbons.
NOVELTY - A process for producing catalysts that contain pacified copper and zinc oxide and/or aluminum oxide, comprises: (i) Precipitating a mixture of catalyst precursors which are dissolved in a solvent or in a sludge, using precipitating agents that contain anions. (ii) The mixture is washed and dried to form a solid catalyst precursor in powder or granulate form. (iii) The precursors are calcined until the anion content is 0.1-2.5wt%. (iv) The calcined precursors are then shaped and reduced and pacified, to form the catalyst. (v) Precipitation tales place by the addition of carbonates, and in the precipitation of zinc and aluminum salts the Zn:Al ration is 3:1-1:3, and the alkali carbonate solution has a pH of 5-12 and a temperature of 20-100degreesC. (vi) The precipitate is separated and washed to remove the alkali ions. (vii) After drying, calcining takes place at 250-800degreesC.    USE - The process is used to produce catalysts that contain pacified copper and zinc oxide and/or aluminum oxide, eg for the production of hydrogen e.g. for vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst material has improved mechanical strength.
NOVELTY - Operation of a petrol or diesel engine involves monitoring two or more parameters, and adjusting in relation to the exhaust emission values. The parameters are gases e.g. CO, NO, NO2, NH3, SO2, H2S, CH4 and/or further hydrocarbon components. If the value of one of these parameters exceeds a given value, a selected engine setting is varied to bring the emissions to within a predetermined maximum value.    USE - For maintaining automotive exhausts gases within pre-defined range.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes unnecessary exhaust emissions and fuel consumption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The engine settings subject to variation are e.g. throttle flap position, exhaust gas return rate, ignition timing point, a tumble flap position, turbo-charge pressure, camshaft phase position or similar. The exhaust emissions are continually monitored by a broadband Lambda sensor which is calibrated using two or more exhaust gas components e.g. nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons and/or carbon monoxide. The Lambda probe is in the exhaust pipe, downstream of the catalytic converter. Lambda calibration is undertaken only when the catalytic converter has reached the correct operating temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of a diesel or petrol engine with exhaust system.    piston engine (1)    exhaust system (2)    motor control unit (3)    cylinder bank (4)    exhaust gas route (5)    pre-catalytic converter (6)    main catalytic converter (7)    sensor (8)
NOVELTY - Heat recovery from biomass comprises: (a) infiltrating the biomass with saprophytes ('Saprobien') in a closed container; (b) loosely stratifying the biomass in presence of moisture and oxygen with the start of heat rotting and chemical release of heat energy; and (c) continuously drawing off only part of the heat by heat-exchange such that the sacrophytes are not damaged (eg by overheating or undercooling).    USE - The method is useful for recovery of heat on a decentralized basis, e.g. for individual domestic use in low-energy houses.    ADVANTAGE - The process operates on an eco-friendly basis being free of CO2 or methane emissions and uses renewable resources such as grass cuttings, leaves, foliage, scrap paper or domestic waste. Wood burning is therefore avoided, as is the use of chemicals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a plant for such heat recovery comprising a heat-insulated container allowing escape of only 25% of the heat and containing saprophytes and the biomass together with a water-conveying helical coil functioning as a heat-exchanger to remove heat energy eg for use in handwashing at 30 degrees Centigrade or underfloor heating at 35 degrees Centigrade. This reaction space is controlled by oxygen supply through a system of tubes and also contains a temperature sensor for monitoring the pump for the helical coil.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the reaction container (1) with an inflow of cold water and an outflow of heated water (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Container lid (2)    Seal (3)    Temperature sensor (4)    Helical coil (5)    Reaction space (6)    Casing (7)    Insulation (8)    Outer protection (9)
NOVELTY - The lightweight direct methanol fuel cell unit (20) comprises a fuel cell stack (24) enclosed within a housing (22). In one embodiment the fuel cell stack includes a number of polymer electrolyte membrane electrode assemblies stacked alternatingly with a number of bipolar plates. Each bipolar plate includes a cathode flow field defined by a porous cathode flow field structure and an anode flow field defined by an upper plate and a lower plate separated from one another by a plurality of spacers. The anode flow fields are manifolded with one another via manifold embossments that are hermetically sealed with one another with a gasket    USE - Lightweight direct methanol fuel cell and supporting systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has reduced size, weight, cost, and complexity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - . The fuel cell stack and housing are shaped so as to form four manifold regions in the spaces between the fuel cell stack and housing. The fuel cell stack is compressed within the housing by compression members located between the fuel cell stack and housing so as to place the sidewall (30) of the housing into tension. Supporting systems for the fuel cell unit include a fuel handling system, an oxidant handling system, and a liquid inventory control system. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are made for; a) a fuel cell system having a fluid inventory; b) a method of varying the temperature of a fuel cell stack; c) a fuel cell system utilizing a re-circulated fluid; d) a gas scrubbing system for a fuel cell; e) a re-circulation system for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partially cut away view of the fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell unit (20)    Housing (22)    Fuel cell stack (24)    Sidewall (30)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a desulfurizing agent comprises forming a zinc ferrite silica, adding titanium and/or zirconium dioxide, pulverizing, adding a forming aid and firing.    USE - The material is used to produce high purity hydrogen, highly desulfurized hydrogen, highly desulfurized synthesis gas, or highly desulfurized reducing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizing agent shows a high desulfurizing performance and can be used repeatedly via a desulfurizing-regeneration cycle. The method allows economical and efficient production of the desulfurizing agent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of a desulfurizing agent of formula ZnFe2O4/SiO2/AO2 (I) comprises forming a zinc ferrite silica of formula ZnFe2O4/SiO2 (II), adding AO2, pulverizing and mixing, adding a forming aid and firing.    A = Zr and/or Ti.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the use of the desulfurizing agent where the agent is used in desulfurizing crude hydrogen gas, synthesis gas, reducing gas containing hydrogen, natural gas or coal gas (claimed).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 4 shows the relationship of desulfurizing cycle number and hydrogen sulfide absorption amount. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Providing a process for producing electricity in a fuel cell whereby the cost problems of prior art are alleviated.    USE - For the production of electricity in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides a wider source of fuel for the fuel cell. Due to low operating temperatures, simplified and cheaper equipment are required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of electricity in a fuel cell comprises pre-reforming a higher carbon (C2+) hydrocarbon fuel in a pre-reformer under conditions effective to achieve complete conversion of the higher carbon hydrocarbons to produce a pre-reformed fuel stream. The pre-reformed fuel stream is subjected to methanation under conditions effective to produce a fuel stream having an increased concentration of methane relative to the pre-reformed fuel stream. The fuel stream and an oxidant are supplied to a high temperature fuel cell, in which methane is reformed and electricity is produced by reacting the fuel stream at an anode of the fuel cell and reacting the oxidant at a cathode of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system.    First heating zone (12)    Second zone (14)
NOVELTY - Providing a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon that provides greater yield and permits using less steam and maintaining catalytic activity of the catalyst.    USE - For steam reforming of hydrocarbons used for feedstock production for carbon-monoxide hydrogenation, methanol synthesis, and hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides greater product yield and permits using less steam and maintaining catalytic activity of the catalyst. It provides reforms hydrocarbon at short residence time or short contact times.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Steam reforming of hydrocarbon involves passing steam and hydrocarbon through a reaction chamber comprising a spinel-containing catalyst having surface active sites comprising a material from rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, and/or carbide of group IVb. The rate of the passing steam and hydrocarbon is controlled so that the residence time in the reaction chamber is less than 0.1 seconds. The reaction chamber is at 500-1000 degrees C. At least 60% of the hydrocarbon has been converted to products after passing through the reaction chamber.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a catalyst comprising a first porous structure with a first pore surface area and a first pore size of at least 0.1 mum; a porous interfacial layer comprising a spinel with a second pore surface area and a second pore size less than the first pore size; and a steam reforming catalyst from rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, and/or carbide of group IVb disposed upon the second pore surface area. The porous interfacial layer has a thickness of less than 4 mm disposed upon the porous structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of catalyst testing apparatus.
(NO200100784-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen/nitrogen gas mixture is produced by converting a steam and a carbon-containing gas to synthesis gas. Some of the hydrogen component of the synthesis gas is then extracted using a membrane and reacted at heat with air to yield a nitrogen- and steam-containing gas. The steam is subsequently removed and the nitrogen mixed with the remainder of the hydrogen from the pre-prepared synthesis gas to give a hydrogen/nitrogen mixture.    USE - The hydrogen/nitrogen gas mixture is used in the preparation of ammonia (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing process requires reduced energy consumption and hence lower investment costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of performing a catalytic or non-catalytic process using a hydrogen/nitrogen gas prepared in accordance with the present invention.
NOVELTY - A deodorizer equipped with a humidifier is provided which optimizes growing conditions of deodorizing microorganisms and improves deodorizing efficiency by installing the humidifier at the deodorizer removing odor using the deodorizing microorganisms and forming a channel in a zigzag shape.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The deodorizer equipped with a humidifier is characterized in that a plurality of partitions(2) through which air is capable of passing are installed inside a deodorizing tank(1) in multiple stages and a zigzag shape so that a humidifying zone(3) is formed at the lowest stage, and deodorizing chip inserting zone(4) are formed in the upper stages of the humidifying zone(3) respectively, odor gas inlet port(5) through which odor gas generated from a gas generation part is flown into the humidifying zone(3) through a blower is formed at one side of the humidifying zone(3), a water supply port(6) is installed at the other side of the humidifying zone(3), a humidifier(9) in which an oscillator(8) is installed at a water supporting part(7) is installed inside the humidifying zone(3), a plurality of deodorizing chips(11) containing deodorizing microorganisms are packed into each of the deodorizing chip inserting zone(4), and a cover(13) equipped with a vent(12) is installed at the upper part of the deodorizing tank(1).
NOVELTY - A desulfurizer (20) is in the tubular portion of the combustion exhaust gas flow path (37) of a fixed bed fuel modifier (30), so that the temperature of desulfurizer is raised by heat of combustion exhaust gas.    USE - For reforming hydrogen-rich gas supplied to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizer is accurately controlled to optimal temperature, thus enhancing the thermal efficiency and eliminating the need for using a heater, since the temperature of desulfurizer is raised by exhaust gas. Simplifies structure of the fuel reformer, hence a size reduction is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Desulfurizer (20)    Fixed bed fuel modifier (30)    Combustion exhaust gas flow path (37)
NOVELTY - The mixture of raw material gas and water vapor is supplied to a modification catalyst layer (12). Hydrogen gas concentration in the catalyst layer, is detected, based upon which, the temperature of catalyst layer and supply amount of raw material gas and water vapor are controlled.    USE - For fuel modifier, used for generation of hydrogen gas used in fuel cell of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas is formed efficiently. Temperature of the catalyst layer is controlled reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification catalyst layer (12)
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises a base material (1) whose surface has a methane purification catalyst layer (2) and a hydrophobic coat layer (3) which are formed sequentially.    USE - For purifying exhaust gas of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Poisoning of methane purification catalyst by water in exhaust gas is inhibited. Methane purification activity is increased, even at low temperatures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the catalyst for purifying exhaust gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Base material (1)    Methane purification catalyst layer (2)    Hydrophobic coat layer (3)
NOVELTY - A detection electrode and a reference electrode for resistance and gas concentration measurement, are formed respectively on the surface of a solid electrolyte sheet.    USE - For measuring the concentration of component gas, such as hydrocarbon gas, exhaust gas, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, oxygen of an internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - Enables exact measurement of gas concentration, without depending on external temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gas concentration measuring device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows gas concentration measuring device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A honey-comb shaped metal unit (43) with a hole (41) and a heater (42) housed in a casing (40) through which exhaust gas (30) passes. End faces of the metal unit and an oxidative decomposition type catalyst (46) are separated by a predetermined space. A heat-shielding material (45) is located between inner periphery and outer periphery of the oxidative decomposition type catalysts (46,47).    USE - In organic refuse processing apparatus (claimed), used to process organic refuse obtained from houses.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature distribution in the axial, radial directions of the catalysts is made uniform by arranging the heat shielding material between the inner wall of the casing and the outer periphery of the catalysts. Removes odor from exhaust gas generated from the organic refuse processing apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic refuse processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the deodorizing device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Exhaust gas (30)    Casing (40)    Hole (41)    Heater (42)    Honey-comb shaped metal unit (43)    Heat-shielding material (45)    Oxidative decomposition type catalysts (46,47)
NOVELTY - A pump (9) of a closed loop gas circuit pumps gas into a cyclone device (3) heated by a burner (4). A feeding device (2) supplies solid material into cyclone device, so that the material is pyrolyzed in the cyclone device and the amount of gas in the gas circuit is increased. An outlet (11) draws off excess gas from the gas circuit.    USE - For gasification of organic waste material, such as sawdust, biowaste, bone meal, plastics and rubber.    ADVANTAGE - Because a cyclone is formed, the need for a rotating drum or for any moving components in the area where pyrolysis takes place is eliminated. Hence, structure of the gasification apparatus is simplified. Since the cyclone removes all of the solid material from the gas stream, leaving no solid material in the gas stream returning from the cyclone to the pump, the wear of the pump is reduced. Since sand is introduced into the gas stream to scour the wall of the cyclone device, the wall of the cyclone device is maintained clean.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method of gasification of solid material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of the closed loop cyclonic gasifier.    Feeding device (2)    Cyclone device (3)    Burner (4)    Pump (9)    Outlet (11)
NOVELTY - A reactor for producing hydrogen comprises a first reactor for the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon fuel in an oxygen-rich gas flow, a second reactor for converting the obtained carbon monoxide using water vapor and a membrane for separating off the hydrogen.    USE - For hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is extremely pure, there is no need for a catalyst, no soot is formed and the process can be used for a long time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a reactor for producing hydrogen.    First reactor (1)    Second reactor (2)    Membrane (9)
NOVELTY - The system has a refueling point (9) for providing fuel or fuel extract to mobile users as part of a static fuel supply system for several buildings (6,6a,6b) . The mobile users (1) contain mobile fuel cell systems (4) and mobile storage tanks (2). The source (5a,5b) of fuel is in the form of a line network and/or storage tank associated with one of the buildings.    USE - For supplying fuel to static fuel cell systems and vehicles for supplying several buildings with electricity and/or heat.    ADVANTAGE - An adequate infrastructure is made available for vehicles without requiring expensive reconstruction measures at refueling points.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of an inventive system    refueling point (9)    buildings (6,6a,6b)    mobile users (1)    mobile fuel cell systems (4)    mobile storage tanks (2)    source of fuel (5a,5b)
NOVELTY - An industrial-scale Competent assembly in which organic refuse (19) is brought together in a pile (1) that especially has a ventilator (11) and air distribution system (14) with a number of elements (22, 23, 31-54) under the pile. The pile has a tarpaulin cover (15) which is water-repellent, air-porous and incorporates active carbon granules that absorb pollutants and/or small.    USE - Competent heap for organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The ventilated and drained heap optimizes the Competent process and conversion of the refuse.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cover has a number of flexible sidewall panels (16, 17, 20, 21) that delimit the sides of the heap. The air distribution pipes can be arranged as required using push-fit connectors. The heap further incorporates water drainage pipes at intervals of 1-6 meters which are installed as the heap grows. Refuse (19) is added progressively to the heap with a bio-substrate concentrate additive promoting decomposition, in a proportion of approximately. 0.07 - 0.15 lit res/ton and diluted in water in a ratio in the range 1:20 to 1:5. The pile maximum height is 3 matters and bears one ton of refuse per 0.6 degrees. The pile has a ventilating um which is regulated to bring the decomposition temporary to between 60-70degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional side view of the heap.    Flexible sidewall panels (16, 17, 20, 21)    air um (11)    floor (18)
NOVELTY - A flexible membrane blister (2) seals-off the gas dome (3) hermetically.    USE - A biogas fermenter with integral gas storage.    ADVANTAGE - Biogas fermentation tends to be variable in practice, thus necessitating gas storage. A separate gas vessel is ideal but very costly, hence the present design combines it with the fermenter or digester vessel. Venting is provided to prevent damage to the membrane as a result of excess gas generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the fermenter/storage vessel construction.(Drawing includes non-English language text)    flexible membrane blister (2)    gas dome (3)    double flange (4)    central stirrer mechanism (5)
NOVELTY - The production method of yeast fodder is characterized by adopting evaporation or membrane treatment process to concentrate the water content being in alcohol or monosodium glutamate waste water, regulating to proper pH value, adding subsidiary agricultural products or subsidiary industrial products as auxiliary material, inoculating and solid fermentation at room temp. or 1-2 days so as to obtain the invented yeast fodder. Said invention not only can radically control the pollution of industrial waste water to environment, but also develops the biological fodder protein source with high additional value.
NOVELTY - Low pressure heat treatment device for thermal decomposition of a material including environmentally harmful residual organic chemicals, comprises a heating vessel which has a sealed heating chamber for storing the material to be treated, an evacuating means for evacuating the heating chamber, and a heater for raising the temperature in the heating chamber to at least 650 degrees C and retaining at least 650 degrees C.    USE - The device is used for decomposing e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)s, dioxins, waste pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, harmful proteins to produce active carbon.    ADVANTAGE - Harmful chemicals can be made harmless while preventing the generation of dioxin and forming no carbon dioxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a low pressure heat treatment method where the material to be treated is stored in the heating chamber, the heating chamber is evacuated, and the temperature is raised to at least 650 degrees C to effect decomposition of the material; and    (2) an active carbon manufacture method using the device and method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a low pressure heat treatment device. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Sulfurization of a metal hydrotreating catalyst in situ comprises: (a) treatment with a tertiary mercaptan in the absence of hydrogen and then (b) treatment with another sulfurizing agent in the presence of hydrogen, both steps being performed in the same reactor.    USE - The sulfurized catalyst is useful for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feeds.    ADVANTAGE - The sulfurized catalyst has higher activity than similar catalysts sulfurized with dimethyl disulfide alone.
NOVELTY - A seal unit (8) prevents leakage of lubricant through an opening end of shaft insertion portion (60). A collar (51) provided between the seal unit and an inflow port (43) prevents water contained in gas from entering a bearing (7) within the shaft insertion portion by changing the direction of passage of the gas flowing through the inflow port.    USE - Used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The degradation of the lubricant is prevented by the collar, preventing the entry of water contained in the gas into the bearing by changing the direction of passage of gas flowing through the inflow port.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an axial sectional view of the scroll type compressor.    Bearing (7)    Seal unit (8)    Inflow port (43)    Collar (51)    Shaft insertion portion (60)
NOVELTY - A core is formed by laminating multiple heat transfer tubes (17) and outer fins. A passage assembly (24) allowing flow of a cooling medium orthogonal to a gas flow between the fins, has a large passage (31) and a small passage group (33) respectively provided at the upstream and downstream of the core with respect to the gas flow direction.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since the passage assembly has a large passage and a small passage group, it is possible to reduce non-uniformity in a transverse orientation of the temperature distribution of the gas flowing through the core to a negligible level, thus the temperature distribution of gas output from the heat exchanger decreases and it is possible to remove carbon monoxide contained in the gas in an efficient manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic exploded perspective view of the heat transfer tube elements.    Heat transfer tube (17)    Passage assembly (24)    Large passage (31)    Small passage group (33)
NOVELTY - An air circulator (36) guides air towards a catalytic titanium element (41) through an irradiation chamber of a housing (12). An ultraviolet radiation generator mounted in the chamber irradiates ultraviolet rays into the air guided to element.    USE - Domestic air purification.    ADVANTAGE - Due to ultraviolet radiation, photocatalysis is promoted, thereby chemical and microbiological contaminants in the air are decomposed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for air purification method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of the air purifier.    Housing (12)    Air circulator (36)    Catalytic titanium element (41)
NOVELTY - Extraction and analysis (M1) comprising analyzing sample by enrichment using supported liquid membranes (SLM), field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), is new.    USE - (M1) is useful for analyzing drugs and their metabolites in urine or blood plasma or for analyzing natural water for pollutants.    ADVANTAGE - A more reliable, sensitive and rapid analysis of compounds in complex samples is possible. A time-consuming liquid chromatographic step is not required, and the signal/noise ratio in the final mass spectrometry analysis is improved to that sub-ppb concentrations can be determined.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An extraction and analysis technique for different analytes (8) comprises extracting the analyte from a first liquid phase (1) into a second liquid phase (4) via a supported porous membrane impregnated with an intermediate liquid phase (3), so that the analyte becomes concentrated in the second phase. Additives can be mixed into the second phase in order to ionize the analyte (10). The second phase is ionized at atmospheric pressure to form analyte ions in the gas phase and all the gas phase ions are supplied to a field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer which separates the ions according to the high field mobility to low field mobility ratio. The chosen ions at a given time are analyzed according to the mass/charge ratio using a mass spectrometer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the SLM.    High pH liquid phase (1)    Porous membrane (2)    Non-polar liquid (3)    Low pH liquid phase (4)    Oil-containing analyte (8)    Charged analyte (10)
NOVELTY - Method (I), comprises passage of sewage waters through coastal-water plants and associations of floating water plants in system of ponds with their inoculation bacterial biomass generated in an accumulator of used and excessive biomass and containing phosphate-accumulating bacteria.    USE - (I) is used in biohydrobotanic desalting of mineralized sewage waters or water desalting in systems of water treatment for technical, amelioration, household or other purposes.    ADVANTAGE - (I) provides higher efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device (II) used in (I), consisting of a cascade of bioponds in which higher and lower water plants are grown and accompanying biocenosis is formed.
NOVELTY - High polymer electrolyte type fuel cell has a pair of electrodes sandwiching a hydrogen ion conductive high polymer electrolytic film. A means for supplying and discharging a fuel gas and an oxidant gas to and from the electrodes, is also present.    USE - The high polymer electrolyte type fuel cell generates power by using hydrogen as fuel and by using air as an oxidant.    ADVANTAGE - The high polymer electrolyte type fuel cell almost completely seals fine pores remained in a cooling plate molded by hot press molding by using a resin and powdered carbon as materials in the coolant passage of a carbon separator. The result does not bleed the cooling medium and impurities, including a metal ion contained in the cooling medium to a gas passage. The cooling medium and the impurities do not reach the electrodes or the electrolytic film. The fuel cell has no decrease in its performance and operates at from ordinary temperature to about 100 degrees C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - High polymer electrolyte type fuel cell has a pair of electrodes sandwiching a hydrogen ion conductive high polymer electrolytic film. A means for supplying and discharging a fuel gas and an oxidant gas to and from the electrodes, is also present. The cells are laminated through separators to form a high polymer electrolyte type fuel cell. The fuel cell has a cooling means for flowing a cooling medium in a direction parallel to the electrodes. The cooling medium consists of a compound of formula (1).    R1-O-(C2H4O)n-R2 (1)    R1 and R2 = CH3, when n = 4, 5, or 6;    R1 and R2 = C2H5, when n = 4, 5 or 6;    R1 and R2 = C3H7, when n = 3, 4, 5 or 6;    R1 and R2 = C4H9, when n = 2, 3, 4 or 5; and    R1 = CH3, R2 = C4H9, when n = 4, 5 or 6.
NOVELTY - A foaming agent contains four components, alkyl chloride, butane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and carbon dioxide.    USE - The foaming agent is used for the plate-like polystyrene-based resin foam. The method produces the plate-like polystyrene-based resin foam.    ADVANTAGE - The foaming agent efficiently reduces heat conductivity by reducing the use of hydrofluorocarbon, 134a. The plate-like polystyrene-based resin foam has thick thickness and is available at a lower cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The four components are contained in the foaming agent with the following percent by weight: (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane weight)X100/total foaming agent weight = greater than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 30; (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane weight + butane weight) X 100/total foaming agent weight = greater than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 60; and carbon dioxide weight X 100/total foaming agent weight = greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 7.
NOVELTY - The catalyst contains oxidized diamond as carrier on which nickel is supported.    USE - For producing synthesis gas (claimed) from low saturated hydrocarbon, such as methane, ethane and propane.    ADVANTAGE - The undesirable reaction and carbon precipitation at high temperature are inhibited. The catalyst has high catalytic activity for longer duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for production of synthesis gas which involves reacting low saturated hydrocarbon and oxygen at 550-700degreesC, in presence of the above catalyst.
NOVELTY - The system has at least one reformer unit (2) for generating reformat gas containing hydrogen, at least one fuel cell (4), at least one device (5) for setting the operating pressure of the reformer unit and at least one device (3,6) for setting the operating pressure of the fuel cell. At least one of the devices for setting the operating pressure of the fuel cell is arranged between the reformer unit and the fuel cell.    USE - For generating electricity, especially in the automobile industry.    ADVANTAGE - The volume and weight of the system can be reduced as far as possible and higher efficiency can be achieved at the same time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of controling a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of an inventive system    reformer unit (2)    fuel cell (4)    device for setting reformer unit operating pressure (5)    device for setting fuel cell operating pressure (3,6)
NOVELTY - Preparation method (I) of amino acid nitrogen source material (II), comprises: (A) adopting plant protein as raw material (a); (B) adding (a) to hydrochloric acid (20-45%); (C) constant boiling hydrolysis and normal pressure to obtain hydrolysate (b); and (D) cooling (b), filtering, neutralizing, decoloring, desalting, taking mid-effluent, spraying and drying.    USE - (I) is used for the preparation of amino acid nitrogen source material for fermentation of leucomycin in the field of antibiotic fermentation technology.    ADVANTAGE - (II) richly contains four beneficial amino acids, these are in free condition, and can obviously raise fermentation unit of leucomycin and can reduce production cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation method (I) of amino acid nitrogen source material (II), comprises:    (A) adopting plant protein as raw material (a);    (B) adding (a) to hydrochloric acid (20-45%), according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:1-2 (weight ratio);    (C) constant boiling hydrolysis at 100-115degreesC and normal pressure to obtain hydrolysate (b); and    (D) cooling (b) to 50-65degreesC, filtering to remove precipitate, neutralizing, decoloring, desalting by using ion exchange resin, taking mid-effluent, spraying and drying.
NOVELTY - New process (I) for circularly utilizing organic waste water, comprises: (A) pumping organic waste water treated by anaerobic fermentation into metering regulation pool; (B) using nitrogen fertilizer in organic waste water and external-adding phosphate and potassium fertilizer; and (C) uniformly pumping the liquid in the metering regulation pool into pond every three days.    USE - (I) is used for circularly utilizing organic waste water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New process (I) for circularly utilizing organic waste water, comprises:    (A) pumping the organic waste water treated by anaerobic fermentation into metering regulation pool whose volume is 3 times that of daily discharged waste water quantity;    (B) using nitrogen fertilizer in organic waste water and external-adding phosphate and potassium fertilizer in the ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium of 4:2:1 to make regulation;    (C) uniformly pumping the liquid into a pond every three days to make it naturally propagate ephemera living beings animals and plants as feed or ecological culture crops, vegetables and flowers.
NOVELTY - Microwave catalyst for the reformation reaction between methane and carbon monoxide comprises a carrier and active components. The active component is nickel oxide 3-20 wt.% and the carrier is gamma-alumina coated foamed ceramic which has silicon carbide and ferrite as microwave absorbing material and comprises silica gas adhesive 2-25 wt.%, microwave absorbing material 70-90 wt.% and gamma-alumina 5-25 wt.%.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has mild reaction conditions, high synthetic gas yield and very low reaction carbon deposit.
NOVELTY - A process for treating high-concentration waste water of gourmet powder includes such technological steps as centrifugal separation to extract glutamic acid yeast, low-temp isoelectric point plus ion exchange to extract glutamic acid crystals, culturing high-protein feed yeast with ion-exchanged waste water, fermenting, centrifugal separation and coagulating deposition twice to recover feed yeast to reduce COD to 6000-7000 mg/L, and biochemical treatment with SBR. The treated water conforms with standard GB8978-96.
NOVELTY - A new technique is disclosed, which is used to treat city garbages to obtain inorganic and organic compound fertilizer. Its advantages include full use of city garbage including used plastics, brick, tile, etc., short treating period, less investment, high productivity and good quality, low cost, and no secondary environmental pollution.
NOVELTY - The electrical generating system consists of a fuel cell (260) with oxygen and hydrogen gas inlets to the cathode and anode respectively. A portion of the cathode gas exhaust is recirculated back to the inlet. A rotary pressure swing adsorption module has a rotor (11) revolving within a stator, and has feed and product rotary valve faces at opposite ends of the adsorber module.    USE - For industrial applications and suitable for installation in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Compact and lightweight.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Schematic diagram of generating system    Rotor (11)    Fuel cell (260)
NOVELTY - Channels of the bipolar plate are subjected to different pressures.    USE - To operate a fuel cell with a bipolar plate    ADVANTAGE - The method enables water produced or diffusing through membrane or electrolytes in a bipolar plate fuel cell, to be carried away efficiently. The pressure gradient set up, forces water into the channel with the lower pressure; in effect it is caused to act as a water collector. It suffices to set a slightly lower pressure in this channel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a suitable bipolar plate and fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross section of the bipolar plate is shown, with two parallel winding channels.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (5) capable of uniformly and distributedly feeding modified gas (or oxidizer or coolant) to each cell while minimizing an increase in number of parts without incurring the complication of a structure, comprising a large number of cells (1) laminated each other through separators and internal manifolds for distributing (feed or discharge) fuel and oxidizer or coolant to the cells installed in a laminated body (2), wherein a cylinder or a cylindrical or columnar through-material (4) is installed at least in one internal manifold (6) so that a proper clearance is provided between the through-material and the inside wall of the internal manifold, and the modified gas fed into the internal manifold is streamlined by the through-material before being distributed to the cells, whereby the modified gas can be distributed uniformly to the cells for stable power generation, and the performance of the fuel cell can be increased.    USE - Fuel cell for feeding modified gas to each cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - large number of cells (1)    laminated body (2)    columnar through-material (4)    fuel cell (5)    one internal manifold (6)
NOVELTY - Organic materials are treated by mixing an organic material with a first plastic material; heating the obtained mass to obtain a liquid mass with uniform characteristics; and performing a gradual solidification of the mixture in the form of granules.    USE - The process is used for treating organic materials, which is particularly effective for the disposal of waste containing animal proteins.    ADVANTAGE - The process eliminates waste containing animal proteins (e.g., an animal meal derived from a slaughter-house waste) in the food chain, thus preventing the spread of diseases. It ensures the possibility of reusing the product as an alternative fuel in specially designed thermoelectric power stations, thus owing to its high calorific power.
NOVELTY - A gas purification system comprises a reaction catalyst coating in contact with exterior side of heat conduit wall; a gas selective membrane within reactor volume between reactor wall and conduit wall; an outlet channel for removing raffinate from contact with selective membrane; and a passageway for the removal of gas from the interior of the reactor.    USE - For the purification of hydrogen from a mixture of gases.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus achieves thermal integration of a heat source and a reaction catalyst to allow heat to transfer through a solid component to the reaction catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas purification system comprises a reactor having a reactor volume and a reactor wall. The reactor wall having an interior side (18) and an exterior side (16) defines a communicating portal for a mixed gas flow. A heat conduit within the reactor volume has a conduit wall. The conduit wall having an interior side and an exterior side defines a channel for passing a heated material through the reactor volume. A reaction catalyst coating (28) is in contact with the exterior side of the conduit wall. A gas selective membrane is within the reactor volume disposed between the reactor wall and the conduit wall. The gas membrane is in contact with the mixed gas flow. It selectively passes a constituent gas of the mixed gas flow such that a raffinate of the mixed gas flow is retained in contact with the membrane. An outlet channel removes the raffinate from contact with the selective membrane. A passageway (24) is provided for the removal of the constituent gas from the interior of the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a membrane reactor apparatus including a reaction catalyst coated on the external wall of the reactor of the invention.    Exterior side (16)    Interior side (18)    Passageway (24)    Reaction catalyst coating (28)
NOVELTY - A biotechnological method for regenerating hydrocarbons from dregs and mud, comprising using special products from biosurfactants which are sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, trehalose-6.6' dimycolate or cellobiose lipid, and in an aerobic fermentation in controlled conditions, making use of a bacteria branch which is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, without any bacterium and biodegradable in a short time, is new.    USE - For the regeneration of hydrocarbons from dregs and mud.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a very low environmental impact at a very low toxicity. It proves to be easy due to the minimum residual remaining (usually 5-10 % of the original mud). It minimally reduces the time used and the labor employed in the cleaning part. In addition, the intervention may be finished under safe conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A biotechnological method for the regeneration of hydrocarbons from dregs and mud, comprises using special products belonging to a class of compounds which is biosurfactants. The compounds are of the kind of control, sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, trehalose-6.6' dimycolate, cellobiose lipid. They belong to a class of surfactant or surface-active agents of natural origin of an extra-cellular class of ramnolipids. The production occurs in an aerobic fermentation in a rigorously controlled conditions by making use of a bacteria branch which is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, without any bacterium and biodegradable in short time, thus having a very low environmental impact at a very low toxicity.
NOVELTY - Multiple layered gas diffusion layer contains buffer layers (2) for controlling gas and water management between a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer (3).    USE - Used in hydrogen-operated and/or reformate-operated fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Gas and water management can be easily controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a membrane electrode arrangement, comprising:    forming a suspension containing carbon and/or carbon-containing material, a hydrophobic polymer and a liquid;    applying a suspension to form a buffer layer on a gas diffusion layer containing no hydrophobic polymer, and drying;    heat treating the layers at 300-450. preferably 370-420 degrees C;    producing a suspension to form a further buffer layer containing a hydrophobic polymer, carbon and/or carbon-containing material and a liquid;    applying the suspension to the buffer layer and drying; heat treating the layers at 300-450. preferably 370-420 degrees C;    electrochemically depositing the catalyst and/or catalyst layer to the buffer layer furthest away from the gas diffusion layer; and placing the electrode in 0.1 M H2SO4.    Preferred Features: The buffer layers contains carbon and/or carbon-containing material and a hydrophobic polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the membrane electrode arrangement.    Carbon paper (1)    Buffer layer (2)    Buffer layer (3)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (4)
NOVELTY - Diaphragms attached to a needle inserted into a nozzle form chambers where a compressed gas fluid and mixture of fluids from a fuel supply section (22) and a fuel cell (21) of a fuel cell system (20) are supplied, respectively. The diaphragms move due to pressure produced by the fluids in the chambers to thereby displace the needle, so as to change the area of an opening around the needle in an opening at the nozzle head.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed) in electric vehicles, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the area of the opening around the needle in the opening at the head of the nozzle, is changed due to needle displacement by movement of the diaphragms, flow rate of the fluid ejected from the nozzle is reliably controlled without the need for applying an electrical control for the purpose. Thus, complication of the fuel cell system is avoided and manufacturing cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (20)    Fuel cell (21)    Fuel supply section (22)
NOVELTY - A separating column (9) separates the methanol content from the methanol and water mixture introduced into a fuel distribution unit arranged in the main cycle (6) of an anode (2). A metering pump (14) is connected to the inlet segment of the anode cycle between the separating column and the fuel distribution unit so as to introduce the separated methanol into the anode cycle.    USE - Fuel cell e.g. direct methanol fuel cell for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the metering pump introduces separated pure methanol into the anode cycle, the concentration of the methanol is reduced, thereby the operation of the fuel cell is improved and the heat balance of the fuel cell is also maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Anode (2)    Main cycle (6)    Separating column (9)    Metering pump (14)
NOVELTY - The catalytic reactor has a reaction chamber that includes inner and outer catalyst beds (35,40). A set of inverted U-shaped heat transfer tubes (45) are arranged within the reaction chamber so that a portion of each tube extends through both the catalyst beds.    USE - For electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the inverted U-Shaped tubes are used in the reactor, the amount of heat transfer per unit cross-sectional flow area is increased and the number of tubes are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fluid processing method in catalytic reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the vertical cross-sectional view of the annular shift reactor with heat transfer U-tubes.    Inner and outer catalyst beds (35,40)    Inverted U-shaped heat transfer tube (45)
NOVELTY - A pair of separators (3) is clamped to the outside of a pair of electrodes (9), that is provided on both sides of solid polymer electrolyte membrane. A non-conductive picture frame shaped unit arranged at an outer edge of the separators allows increase and decrease of a space between separators, while sealing a gap between the separators.    USE - Used in fuel cell stack (claimed) mounted in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents adjacent separators from being electrically short circuited while improving the corrosion resistance. Prevents intrusion of foreign substance at the time of enlargement of the space between the separators and insufficient sealing with deterioration of the sealing material with the lapse of time and thus maintains excellent power generation performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell stack having separators on the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.    Separators (3)    Electrodes (9)
NOVELTY - A casing having an air inlet, encloses a fuel cell stack (11). The cathode flow field inlet in the stack, through which oxidant is supplied in contact with cathode catalyst, receives air from interior of the casing. An oxidant pump (38) is arranged outside the casing and interconnected with the cathode flow field outlet to draw oxidant through cathode flow field.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for an oxidant reactant gas manifold, by drawing oxidant into fuel cell using an oxidant pump, thereby achieves size reduction of fuel cell. As the fuel cell is encased, the leak and effluent hydrogen from anode is purged with air within the housing, thus reduces concentration of unspent fuel vented into environment and eliminates hydrogen leak into vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell.    Fuel cell stack (11)    Oxidant pump (38)
NOVELTY - A fuel flow is provided to a fuel cell stack to produce power which is consumed by an external load (50). The power not consumed by the load, is transmitted to a load (43) with a battery (41) based on the selective routing of the power not consumed by the external load.    USE - For using fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances overall efficiency of the fuel cell system by temporarily increasing load on the cell stack and by minimizing fuel diverted to the oxidizer by the additional load.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stack usable system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the fuel cell system.    Battery (41)    Load (43)    External load (50)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen in an anode flow field (118) on one side of an electrolyte (108), is catalytically reacted with oxygen by recirculating the anode exhaust through the anode flow field, in contact with a catalyst within a recycle loop (149). The hydrogen is catalytically consumed and the recirculation is continued until all the hydrogen in the anode flow field is removed.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the rate of catalyst corrosion and pressure in the recycle loop, due to the catalyst reaction of oxygen and hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Electrolyte (108)    Anode flow field (118)    Recycle loop (149)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen recharging system includes an electrolyzer, a hydrogen gas accumulator, and a dryer. Hydrogen gas produced by the electrolyzer is dried and stored in the accumulator.    USE - For fuel cell hydride storage reservoir.    ADVANTAGE - The invention rapidly charge hydrogen fuel to the fuel storage reservoir.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen recharging system for fuel cell hydride storage reservoir comprises an electrolyzer, a hydrogen gas accumulator, and a dryer between and connected to the electrolyzer and the accumulator. The electrolyzer hydrolyzes liquid water to hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and is connected to a water supply. The hydrogen gas produced by the electrolyzer is dried, and stored in the accumulator such that when a user connects the fuel cell hydride storage reservoir to the hydrogen recharging system, the stored hydrogen gas is rapidly transferred from the accumulator to the hydride storage reservoir, to be retained in the hydride storage reservoir in the form of a metal hydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the self-contained hydrogen recharging system.
NOVELTY - A mixed gas comprising fuel containing a carbon compound, and steam is contacted with reactor bed (1) comprising a reforming catalyst and carbon dioxide adsorbent. The mixed gas is converted into hydrogen, and co-generating carbon dioxide is adsorbed onto adsorbent. The reactor bed is heated to desorb adsorbed carbon dioxide from adsorbent and to regenerate carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of adsorbent.    USE - For generating hydrogen used for synthesis of ammonia, and as fuel for automotive fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method generates hydrogen in single reactor at low temperature of 300-700 degreesC. Hence degradation of reforming catalyst is inhibited and degree of freedom in selection of catalyst is upgraded. Reformed fuel gas containing 100 volume% of hydrogen and free of carbon monoxide and methane is obtained using a compact apparatus. Since the fuel is combusted adjacent to the carbon dioxide adsorbent, the generated heat is utilized efficiently for heating the adsorbent, hence the adsorbent can be regenerated quickly. By carrying out contacting and heating steps alternately, the time for heating is reduced to few seconds and the time for contacting step is extended. Hence hydrogen can be generated efficiently. By installing exhaust gas supplying unit, indirect heating of reactor bed by the exhaust is made possible, thereby the temperature increment of the reactor bed is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for generating hydrogen comprising a reactor bed comprising a reforming catalyst and a carbon dioxide adsorbent, a source gas supplying unit for supplying a mixed gas to reactor bed, a heating unit for heating the reactor bed and a temperature controlling unit for controlling temperatures of the reactor bed during contacting and heating stages.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of generation process of hydrogen.    Reactor bed (1)
NOVELTY - Providing a liquid fuel composition for fuel cells that can produce high power and is stable table in contact with the catalytic anode when the electrochemical circuit is broken.    USE - For fuel cells, such as electrochemical fuel cells for generating electricity (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The primary fuel of the fuel composition is a surface-active compound, such as methanol that acts to prevent unwanted decomposition of the auxiliary fuel. The auxiliary fuel is hydrogen-containing inorganic compound with high reduction potential, such as sodium borohydride, which acts as a highly reactive source of energy and serves to catalyze the catalytic oxidation of the primary fuel. The fuel cell comprising the fuel composition produces high power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel composition (24) comprises a primary fuel including at least one surface-active compound and an auxiliary fuel including at least one hydrogen-containing inorganic compound with a high reduction potential.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell (10) for generation of electric power which comprises an anode (20), a cathode (14) and fuel composition (24); and    (2) a method for generating electricity which involves providing a circuit (26) connecting cathode and anode of the fuel cell, and contacting fuel composition with anode to oxidize fuel composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of the fuel cell comprising the fuel composition.    Fuel cell (10)    Cathode (14)    Anode (20)    Fuel composition (24)    Circuit (26)
NOVELTY - System comprises parallel pressurizable anaerobic digesters in a reaction chamber storing anaerobic microbes. The head space of each digester is maintained at a pressure of at least 10 Psi to form enriched effluent and discharge gas containing methane during slurry digestion.    USE - Used for converting cellulose content feedstock waste obtained from poultry, swinery, and dairy and cattle fields to produce various fuels and fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE - Single-stage processing reduces the operating cost and volume of waste produced. The slurry is warmed to a temperature equal to the digester temperature, reducing temperature fluctuations leading to high productivity and efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an integrated anaerobic digester system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the anaerobic digester system.
NOVELTY - Composition (I) comprising yeast cells characterized by a substantial increase in their capability to degrade an antibiotic or an organic solvent in a culture medium as a result of having been cultured in the presence of an alternating electric field having a frequency of 70-100 MHz and a field strength of 0.5-350 mV/cm, compared to none cultured yeast cells, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for waste treatment e.g. for converting environmental pollutants such as organic solvents and antibiotics in sewage, industrial waste water, surface water, drinking water, sediment, soil, garbage and manure into harmless final products (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Treatment with electromagnetic field increases activity and efficiency of yeast cells at degrading antibiotics and organic solvents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for compositions in which the yeast cells are cultured at the following frequencies (and field strengths): 126-142 (90-280), 52-70 (80-280), 30-50 (80-280), 200-220 (80-220), 213-229 (90-280), 133-151 (120-280), 145-162 (100-200), 156-176 (110-280), 163-183 (100-220), 175-191 (116-225), 183-205 (90-190), 114-128 (100-190), 244-264 (160-300), 252-278 (120-300), 220-250 (200-300) and 220-250 MHz (130-310 mV/cm).
NOVELTY - A hob (13) maintains air resistance on a hydrogen tank (10), such that the hydrogen tank is thermally connected to one end of the hob. A radiation fin (14) accelerates the heat exchange with the external environment in which the hydrogen tank is arranged.    USE - For fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures uniform container temperature by providing the hob which is thermally connected to the hydrogen tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the (a,b) sectional and (c) rear views of the high pressure gas storage container. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen tank (10)    Hob (13)    Radiation fin (14)
NOVELTY - The cartridge (1) comprising hydrogen occlusion material (8) has a display unit (7) for displaying the barcode representing the identification (ID) of the cartridge.    USE - For hydrogen gas supply system that supplies hydrogen gas to power generating device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy management of the hydrogen cartridge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The display unit is in the housing of the hydrogen cartridge. An IC chip of the display unit comprises hydrogen occlusion material. A prevention unit is released by a specific jig to prevent a user from opening the hydrogen cartridge. A dispersion prevention unit prevents dispersion of the hydrogen occlusion material in the cartridge.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a gas supply system which has a detector to detect whether the hydrogen cartridge has a specific ID. The detected ID is combined with replenishment information related to the hydrogen gas;    (2) a hydrogen cartridge management method which involves acquiring replenishment information related to hydrogen gas from a predetermined information network and integrating the acquired replenishment information with the corresponding ID; and    (3) a power generating device which includes a cup-shaped filter which comprises carbonaceous occlusion material or hydrogen occlusion alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective and sectional views of the hydrogen cartridge.    Cartridge (1)    Display unit (7)    Hydrogen occlusion material (8)
NOVELTY - A mixed gas unit (20) to which mixed gas is supplied has a hydrogen separation membrane (12). A power supply (26) supplies electricity to a base material (14), to heat the membrane and extract hydrogen from the mixed gas.    USE - Hydrogen extraction apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By supplying electricity to the base material, hydrogen permeation of the separation membrane is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen extraction apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation membrane (12)    Base material (14)    Mixed gas unit (20)    Power supply (26)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen permeation material comprises hydrogen permselectivity film provided on a porous material surface having continuous pores. Ruthenium and/or rhodium are dispersed on the hydrogen permselectivity membrane surface.    USE - For fuel cell application.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen permeation material has quick hydrogen permeation velocity even when petroleum gas is used. Reduction of property by precipitate deposition of carbon, is prevented. Performance of the hydrogen permeation material is maintained for a long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the results of variation in time course of hydrogen permeation velocity in the present and conventional hydrogen permeation materials. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen permeation material has a hydrogen selective permeation porous layer, distributed on a porous base material having a continuous pore. The porous layer contains a metal chosen from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, magnesium and/or cobalt.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen permeation material has excellent hydrogen permeation, high permeation velocity maintained for prolonged period, and high performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows hydrogen permeation velocity of hydrogen permeation material compared to conventional permeation material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A supported membrane comprises a substrate containing micro-etched foil and a membrane metal of a metal alloy deposited over the substrate.    USE - As a diaphragm (claimed) in a fuel reformer (fuel cell) for separating hydrogen from other gaseous products of the reforming reaction in electric vehicles such as motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The structural strength of the foil substrate allows usage of reduced amount of palladium, thereby reducing the cost of the filtering process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of a thin metal supported membrane for separating hydrogen from other gaseous products of a reforming reaction which involves depositing a membrane metal of metal alloy onto a substrate comprising a micro-etched foil.
NOVELTY - A garbage disposal apparatus comprises a catalyst for at least one of ammonia and non-ammonia in a second purifying chamber.    USE - For disposing garbage.    ADVANTAGE - The invention processes garbage by decomposition using microorganisms and is capable of satisfactory purifying stinking components. It has an excellent purifying efficiency, easily removes ammonia, and does not removed non-ammonia contained at a low concentration and having a small threshold.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A garbage disposal apparatus comprises a processing chamber (1) for processing garbage by decomposition using microorganisms, and a purifying chamber (2) for purifying gas discharged from the processing chamber. The gas contains malodorous ammonia and non-ammonia components. The purifying chamber comprises two purifying chambers (10, 30) provided with an ammonia and non-ammonia purifying units, respectively for purifying ammonia and non-ammonia gas, and an ammonia adsorbent layer provided with the first purifying chamber. A catalyst for at least one of ammonia and non-ammonia is provided in the second purifying chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram showing the garbage disposal apparatus.    Processing chamber (1)    Purifying chamber (2)    Two purifying chambers (10, 30)
NOVELTY - The vehicle drive system comprises a power generation device, e.g. a fuel cell system(150) provided with a reformer(100), a compressor(103), a fuel cell(107) and a combustor(110), to generate power using fuel and a battery(112) to store the power. A rotating machine, e.g. a motor(113) drives the vehicle using the power supplied from the fuel cell system and the battery, and regenerates power when the vehicle is decelerating. A controller(115), including one or more microprocessors, an ROM and RAM, and an I/O interface, computes a running load command value supplied to the fuel cell system based on the smoothed electrical load value. The controller also computes the power generated by the motor and corrects the running load command value based on the regenerated power.    USE - Vehicle drive system with fuel cell or combustion engine(series hybrid vehicle)    ADVANTAGE - Avoids the enlargement of the battery and performs power management efficiently. Avoids battery overcharge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer performs steam reforming using methanol from tank(98) and water from tank(99) and generates reformate gas containing hydrogen. The reformer also performs reforming by partial oxidation of methanol using air supplied by the compressor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Shows a schematic block diagram of a vehicle drive system
NOVELTY - Reducing the overall size of the on-board power system by minimizing the insulating material, thus allowing the steam reformer to be operated at relatively low temperature.    USE - For alcohol steam reforming by passing water and alcohol, i.e. methanol, in contact with the catalyst at 250-320 degrees C to obtain a volumetric productivity of at least 10000 ml hydrogen/ml catalyst.hour, and forming hydrogen form the reaction of the alcohol and water vapor at at least 1.5 mole methanol/g catalyst.hour (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has superior performance and better characteristics, and provides high conversions at short contact times, selectivity control, and low temperature operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalyst comprises a metal oxide support, a coating comprising zinc on the metal oxide support, and palladium in contact with the coating. The catalyst possesses a volumetric productivity of at least 10000 ml hydrogen/ml catalyst.hour.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel processing system comprising a fuel source connected to a reactor containing a palladium on zinc oxide catalyst having a pore volume and at least 20% of the catalyst's pore volume has pores in size of 0.1-300 mum; and a fuel cell connected to the reactor so that the hydrogen gas generated in the reactor can flow into the fuel cell;and    (2) making a catalyst comprising adding a solution comprising dissolved zinc to a solid metal oxide support, adding a base to increase pH, and depositing a palladium metal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plot of carbon monoxide selectivity versus catalyst bed temperature for powder catalysts.
NOVELTY - Reactor (1) has a feed channel (3) for an operating material; and an inlet (2) of a supply channel leading into the feed channel. The inlet and an inlet side of the reactor for the operating material includes an angle alpha of 20-70degrees.    USE - Used as a fuel cell or heat exchanger (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The operating material can be uniformly distributed in the reactor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for distributing an operating material in the reactor.    Preferred Features: The inlet and the inlet side of the reactor for the operating material includes an angle alpha of 45degrees. The cross-section of the feed channel decreased by 40-60% over its length. The cross-section of a removal channel (4) for a reaction product increases over its length, preferably by 40-60degrees. The outlet (5) of the removal channel and the outlet side of the reactor includes an angle alpha' of 20-70, preferably 45degrees.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the reactor.    reactor (1)    inlet of supply channel (2)    feed channel (3)    removal channel (4)    outlet of removal channel (5)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack includes substacks (12,14) having specific number of stacked unit cells. The substacks are positioned on the upstream and downstream side of reaction gas flow. The discharge passages (52b,46b) of substack (12) are connected to the supply passages (52a,46a) of substack (14). The additional reaction gas supply passages (53,47) are provided in substack (14) for supplying a reaction gas of lower humidity to substack (12).    USE - Fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The size of humidifying structure is reduced since the amount of water needed for humidifying the reaction gas of the whole fuel stack is reduced by supplying humidified reaction gas. The current density distribution is kept uniform and the electric power generation performance and durability are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stack operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel cell stack.    Substacks (12,14)    Supply passages (52a,46a)    Discharge passages (52b,46b)    Additional reaction gas supply passages (53,47)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell stack comprises alternating fuel cells (14, 21, 27) and bipolar plates (15), and an electrolyte chamber which is sealed to prevent contact between the bipolar plates and a liquid electrolyte.    USE - Used for producing electrical energy from hydrogen and oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of the liquid electrolyte is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably a separate frame (1, 17) is present for each fuel cell. Gas distribution channels and gas collecting channels are formed by openings in the frames. The liquid electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution or phosphoric acid. A plastic film is used as a seal between the frames.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell stack.    Separate frame (1, 17)    Fuel cells (14, 21, 27)    Bipolar plates (15)
NOVELTY - A combustible pellet comprising municipal solid waste, has a water content of less than 10 weight% (wt.%) and a fuel value of at least 10000 BTU per pound.    USE - As combustible pellet comprising municipal solid waste.    ADVANTAGE - The combustible pellet produced from municipal solid waste, has high fuel value and low water content, and produces low ash content after combustion. Production of combustible pellet from municipal solid waste reduces the need for landfill sites and provides a long term solution to waste disposal. The process recycles more products form waste stream and provides fuel that burns cleaner than coal or oil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for formation of combustible pellet from municipal solid waste, which involves removing solid hazardous waste and separating recyclable products from municipal solid waste, shredding and pulverizing the resulting product to form a fluff with water content of less than 10 wt.%, and compacting the fluff.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic representation of flow scheme of municipal solid waste treatment process.
NOVELTY - A mixture of nitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4) is passed to pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit (I) (1) containing nitrogen-selective adsorbent to adsorb N2 and produce product stream (PS) of 90 mol% CH4 and purge stream (PRS). The PRS is passed to PSA unit (II) containing CH4-selective adsorbent to produce N2-rich PS and CH4-rich PRS. The PS is recovered and PRS is treated to remove heavy hydrocarbons.    USE - For the separation of nitrogen from a mixture of nitrogen and methane e.g., natural gas.    ADVANTAGE - The pressure swing adsorption process is a commercially viable process, provides a highly concentrated methane product at high process efficiencies, separates nitrogen from natural gas and yields a methane product and a high purity nitrogen stream, and provides and maintains peak efficiency of the nitrogen-selective adsorbent during PSA separation of nitrogen from natural gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A feed stream comprising a mixture of nitrogen and methane is passed to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit (I) (1) containing a nitrogen-selective adsorbent to adsorb nitrogen and produce a product stream of 90 mol% methane and a purge stream. The product stream is recovered and the purge stream is passed to PSA unit (II) containing a methane-selective adsorbent to produce a nitrogen-rich product stream and a methane-rich purge stream. The product stream is recovered and the purge stream is treated to remove heavy hydrocarbons.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a pressure swing adsorption process with recycle of the waste gas where only a nitrogen-selective crystalline zeolite is used.    Pressure swing adsorption unit (I) (1)
NOVELTY - A continuous filtration layer a few microns thick, made of palladium or a palladium-based alloy is deposited on a permeable fritted metallic body with good mechanical resistance and 10microns pores, coated with an intermediate thin metallic layer of 20-50microns thick. The substrate and intermediate layer are made of a metal or alloy with a similar expansion coefficient to palladium    USE - Extraction of hydrogen using hydrogen-producing fuel gas processors    ADVANTAGE - This design maintains its properties at the high temperatures and pressures required for operation    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section through baton membranes    Filtration layer (12)    Intermediate layer ((14)    Substrate ((16)    Vein ((17)    Filtration layer (26)    Intermediate layer ((28)    Substrate ((30)    Vein ((31)    Rigid axial armature ((32)    Filtration layer ((42)    Intermediate layer ((44)    Substrate ((46)    Vein ((47)    Metallic enclosure ((48)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell apparatus comprises a waterproof enclosure (104), a fuel cell (108) disposed within the enclosure, and a filter (112) for allowing air to enter the enclosure. The filter includes liquids and solids.    USE - Used for the maintenance of fuel cell cathode air quality.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows liquid and airborne salts to be excluded from a cathode air stream without the use of active components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for maintaining fuel cell cathode air quality comprising disposing a fuel cell within a waterproof enclosure, admitting an air stream for an exterior of the enclosure and to an interior of the enclosure through a filter, in which the filter excludes salts and aqueous metal ions from the interior of the enclosure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell apparatus.    Enclosure (104)    Fuel cell (108)    Filter (112)
NOVELTY - Process for assembling a polymer membrane in a fuel cell (1a, 1b) comprises partially stretching the membrane (4) before assembly to achieve the prescribed assembly dimensions.    USE - Used in the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane can be easily handled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: the membrane used in the process; and a fuel cell containing the membrane. Preferred Features: The membrane used has basic dimensions which are small enough to achieve the assembly dimensions and having a moisture corresponding to the operational state in the fuel cell and the mechanical extension to achieve the assembly dimensions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell stack.    fuel cells (1a, 1b)    membrane (4)    anode (5)    cathode (6)
NOVELTY - A feed gas (110) containing hydrogen and nitrogen in a molar ratio of about 2/1, and methane and argon is supplied for purification. The feed gas is cryogenically separated into a synthesis gas (112), and a waste gas principally containing nitrogen. The waste gas which also contains methane is split into nitrogen-rich gas (113) and a methane-rich gas (114), used as a fuel or as feed to a subsequent process.    USE - For purification of process gas to methane-rich gas, useful as a fuel or as a feed for subsequent processing.    ADVANTAGE - Purification process of the process gas has improved overall process efficiency, and methane-rich gas and nitrogen-rich gas are produced in addition to synthesis gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A feed gas (110) containing hydrogen and nitrogen in a molar ratio of about 2/1, and methane and argon, is supplied for purification. The feed gas is cryogenically separated into a synthesis gas (112) and a waste gas principally containing nitrogen. The stream (112) contains hydrogen and nitrogen in a molar ratio of about 3/1. The waste gas also contains substantially all of the methane supplied in the feed. The waste gas is split into nitrogen-rich gas (113) and a methane-rich gas (114), useful as a fuel or as a feed to a subsequent process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process diagram of splitting of waste gas into nitrogen-rich and methane-rich streams.    Feed gas (110)    Synthesis gas (112)    Nitrogen-rich gas (113)    Methane-rich gas (114)    Cold-box (115)    Separation column (116)    Expander turbine (137)    Joule Thomson Valve (141)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell having a gas control valve, comprises a fuel cell unit containing a cathode (50), an anode (30), an electrolyte (40) between cathode and anode, an inlet and outlet coupled to the fuel cell unit, an actuator disposed in the gas control valve, and a reducing gas supply for actuating the actuator and for regulating gas to the fuel cell unit.    USE - For supplying electric power to automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The gas control valve alleviates anode oxidation by saturating the anode with hydrogen based reducing gas. The gas control valve permits variation of flow of hydrogen based contaminants/activation gas, variation of flow of reformate into the fuel cell and flow of unreacted fuel out of fuel cell in a compact design. The valve ensures a constant supply of reducing gas to prevent anode oxidation, thereby extending the life and improving the performance of fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell gas control valve for regulating fuel concentration in fuel cell; and    (2) a method of supplying and containing a flow of reducing gas within a fuel cell, utilizing a gas control valve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows view of electrochemical cell.    Anode (30)    Electrolyte (40)    Cathode (50)
NOVELTY - The power consumed by a load (50) coupled to a fuel cell stack (20) is determined and is delayed in response to the change in determined power consumption. A fuel flow to the stack is controlled in response to the expiration of the delaying, in order to control output power of the fuel cell stack to accommodate the change in the power consumed by the load.    USE - For utilization of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The power consumed by load are reduced, thus the change in the output of fuel cell is sustained and the rate of flow of fuel is effectively maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stack utilization system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic diagram of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (20)    Load (50)
NOVELTY - Power consumed by a load (50) connected to a fuel cell stack, is monitored, to determine increase or decrease in power. The flow of fuel to the fuel cell stack is controlled using different control techniques, based on determined increase or decrease in power.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel flow control method is cost ineffective and effectively controls the fuel flow to the stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel flow control system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the fuel cell system.    Load (50)
NOVELTY - Reacted fuel gas exhausted from a fuel cell (10) is diluted by passing it from the fuel cell through a hydrogen dilution device (16) prior to release into the atmosphere. When it is released from the hydrogen dilution device into the atmosphere, the percentage of hydrogen in the atmosphere immediately surrounding the fuel cell is less than 4.1 volume %.    USE - For diluting reacted fuel gas that is exhausted from a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method keeps the concentration of hydrogen in the atmosphere immediately surrounding a fuel cell below the explosive limits, thus creating a safer hydrogen fuel cell for the consumer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures are schematic diagrams of a fuel cell and a hydrogen dilution device, respectively.    fuel cell (10)    purge valve (14)    hydrogen dilution device (16)
NOVELTY - A direct mass and heat transfer device is secured with both an oxidant stream entering into a fuel cell and an exhaust stream leaving the fuel cell. The device secures an inter-digitated enthalpy exchange device (12) between the oxidant and exhaust streams to transfer mass and heat between the streams and to prevent bulk mixing of the streams within the device.    USE - Fuel cell power plant for use in transportation vehicles or portable/stationary power plants, for powering electrical apparatus such as apparatus on-board space vehicles, and on-site generators for buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The enthalpy exchange device provides for direct transfer of mass and heat from the exhaust stream to the oxidant stream while restricting loss of liquid from the plant in the exhaust stream. Provides for enhanced filtration of fine dust particles within the process oxidant stream entering the fuel cell, and suppresses noise of a blower located between the direct mass and heat transfer device and the fuel cell that could pass along the process oxidant stream and out of the plant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for exchanging mass and heat from a plant exhaust stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the inter-digitated enthalpy exchange device.    inter-digitated enthalpy exchange device (12)
NOVELTY - Polyimide separation membrane is formed by copolymerization of monomers comprising o-tolidine sulfone (TSN), a hydrophilic diamine other than o-tolidine sulfone, and 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride.    USE - For separating commercially important gas from gas mixtures e.g. separating carbon dioxide from methane and/or nitrogen in the purification of natural gases.    ADVANTAGE - The gas separation membrane provides a favorable combination of high selectivity, high transmembrane flux and resistance to attack from hydrocarbon chemicals such as cycloalkanes (e.g. cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, methylcyclohexane, methylcyclopentane or 1,2-dimethylcyclopentane) and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene and xylene) contained in crude natural gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for separating the components of a gas mixture which involves contacting the mixture with one side of the membrane and causing the component gases to permeate the membrane. A permeate gas composition enriched in concentration of the component gases which are more preferentially permeable through the membrane, is removed from the opposite side of the membrane.
NOVELTY - A process for methanol conversion involves vaporizing organic gases which contain CO and H2 from liquefied organic wastes having a high molecular weight, contacting with catalyst which was heated by irradiating an infrared light, so that the CO and H2 are converted to methanol. The converted methanol is liquefied by cooling and recovered while unreacted organic gas is recycled.    USE - For methanol conversion.    ADVANTAGE - The method makes it possible to obtain a methanol from organic gases using a simple apparatus and a conventional catalyst at atmospheric pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a device for use in the above process, which comprises: a tool for introducing organic gases containing CO and H2 vaporized from liquefied organic wastes having a high molecular weight into reactor; a catalyst which is laminated in the reactor so as to contact with the organic gases; an infrared light generator which is fitted in the reactor so as to irradiate infrared light to the catalyst; a cooling tool for liquefying methanol which is converted by contacting with the catalyst; and a tool for recovering and reintroducing unreacted organic gas into reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the above method. (Includes non-English language text)
NOVELTY - The purification of hydrogen removes impurities such as methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide at the same time. A getter alloy is provided which has improved purification capability and an increased surface area. A sintered porous getter has improved mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen purification comprises the preparation of a powder by reacting hydrogen with an alloy having a main ingredient of zirconium selected from Zr-V-Fe, Zr-Fe and Zr-Al in a container shielded from air or under a high vacuum at an ordinary temperature or a temperature of 300 degrees C or less; manufacturing an alloy by rapidly sintering the mixed powder at a high temperature after adding a metallic powder selected from cobalt, aluminum, manganese and nickel to the prepared powder; and installing the sintered alloy in a hydrogen purifier and passing the alloy through hydrogen stream. The hydrogen purifier comprises an alloy bed in which the mixed powder is rapidly sintered at a high temperature by adding a metallic powder selected from the group consisting of cobalt, aluminum, manganese and nickel to the prepared powder after preparing powder by reacting hydrogen with an alloy having a main ingredient of zirconium selected from Zr-V-Fe, Zr-Fe and Zr-Al in a container shielded from the air or under a high vacuum at an ordinary temperature or a temperature of 300 degrees C or less.
NOVELTY - Digested gas is passed through an adsorption tank (5) packed with adsorbent, and the digested gas is adsorbed and stored. The adsorbent is cooled by a heat exchange mechanism using a heating medium. The heating medium is installed inside or near the wall of the adsorption tank.    USE - For adsorbing digested gas to selectively remove carbon dioxide or methane from the digested gas, before dehumidification.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables the efficient adsorption of digested waste gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used for adsorbing and storing digested waste gas.    Adsorption tank (5)
NOVELTY - A conveyor screw (11) and paddle blades (12) are provided around the rotary shaft (2) arranged in the fermenter (1).    USE - For treatment or decomposition of organic substance of human waste and organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Enables sufficient stir mixing of an organic substance to enable efficient treatment and decomposition of organic substance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross sectional of the fermentation apparatus and a principal portion side view of the lower portion of the left hand surface of the fermentation apparatus.    Fermenter (1)    Rotary shaft (2)    Conveyor screw (11)    Paddle blades (12)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a gas storage tank (66) for storing unreacted heating gas ejected from a fuel cell, connected in the middle of a gas recovery line (60) which connects fuel cell and a gas treatment equipment. A supply apparatus supplies stored unreacted heating gas to a reformer (4), fuel cell and/or gas treatment equipment.    USE - For generating electric power by reaction of heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of electric power is carried out effectively, without wasting unreacted heating gas. Heat of combustion of the unreacted heating gas is utilized effectively for reforming reaction, and excess amount of unreacted gas is stored effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system has reformer which forms heating gas which is supplied to a fuel cell, and generates electric power through reaction of heating gas. The system has a gas storage tank for storing unreacted heating gas ejected from the fuel cell, connected in the middle of a gas recovery line which connects fuel cell and a gas treatment equipment. A supply apparatus supplies stored unreacted heating gas to reformer, fuel cell and/or gas treatment equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (4)    Gas recovery line (60)    Gas storage tank (66)
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger is provided through which exhaust gas is fed to form water vapor for the steam reforming using heat energy of the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas is utilized as support combustion gas for burner after feeding the exhaust gas into the heat exchanger.    USE - Used in electric power generation and production of hydrogen in captive power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Heat energy of the exhaust gas is effectively used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the joint production installation.
NOVELTY - Method for preventing undesirable emissions from a compost heap comprises covering the heap with a layer of porous material in which the emitted substances are converted, adsorbed or dissolved and thus prevented from escaping into the atmosphere.    USE - For preventing undesirable emissions from large compost heaps.    ADVANTAGE - Undesirable emissions are prevented without having to use impermeable materials such as plastic films or clay which would interfere with the composting process.
NOVELTY - Homogenization-free process for combined wet and dry fermentation comprises removing the floating layer after anerobic digestion by withdrawing the liquid layer supporting it.    USE - Used in fermentation processes.    ADVANTAGE - The process avoids the equipment and energy costs associated with systems in which the floating layer in continuously homogenized with the liquid phase.
NOVELTY - A method for the extraction of active ingredients of vegetables comprises the application of e.g. water, methanol and ethyl alcohol in powder form and a pressurizing process. The pressurizing-based process is repeated, and the extract is refrigerated, for subsequent processing and fermentation to increase the active content and the marker yield.    USE - For the extraction of active ingredients from vegetables.
NOVELTY - Fuel source device (10) comprises: (1) a chemical hydride core (12); and (2) an elongate, flexible moisture barrier (14) encasing the core. The barrier has length and flexibility sufficient to enable it to be wrapped around a spool.    USE - Fuel source device is used for generating hydrogen gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The usage, storage and transportation of the hydrogen generator and the fuel source device are safe. The fuel source is stored efficiently on spools without using special containers. A hydrogen generator with improved hydrogen gas generation capabilities, excellent durability and reliability, and having simple construction is provided. The spooled packaging system provides a much simpler metered feed of the chemical hydrides with water and the continuous spool reduces the chances of fouled mechanical processing. The devices are manufactured easily and economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen generator comprising:    (i) reaction chamber;    (ii) the spool;    (iii) a fuel source wrapped around the spool; and    (iv) a unit for removing barrier from the core for reacting the core within the chamber; and    (2) method of generating hydrogen gas comprising:    (i) providing the fuel source comprising discrete chemical hydride materials (C1,C2) encased in the elongate moisture barrier;    (ii) exposing the hydride material (C1) by removing a portion of the barrier; and    (iii) reacting the exposed material with water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partially exploded view of the fuel source device.    Fuel source device (10)    Chemical hydride core (12)    Barrier (14)
NOVELTY - A hole (30) formed in a ceramic layer (10), is filled with hardenable paste (40) hardened to form an insulator precursor (50). Within the precursor, a hole (60) is formed which is filled with a conductive paste (70) so that the conductive paste is isolated from the ceramic layer.    USE - For forming electrically isolated hole to form electrically isolated electrical connection (claimed) on ceramic layer in multilayer ceramic package for use in hydrocarbon exhaust gas sensor e.g. heated exhaust gas oxygen or universal exhaust gas oxygen sensors, multilayer ceramic integrated circuit devices, fuel cell, fuel cell reformer, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Provides efficient and effective manner to form electrically isolated electrical connections.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrical connection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the method for forming electrically isolated hole.    Ceramic layer (10)    Hole (30)    Hardenable paste (40)    Insulator precursor (50)    Hole (60)    Conductive paste (70)
NOVELTY - New method for generating electricity comprises: (I) anaerobically digesting sludge; (II) removing water from the digested sludge; (III) gasifying to forming a gaseous composition comprising: (IV) (a) carbon monoxide; (b) hydrogen; and (c) a residue of non-carbonaceous material; burning methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in an apparatus suitable for generating electricity.    USE - For generating electricity using sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE - Provides method of converting sewage sludge into electricity having improved efficiency over conventional method for utilizing sludge to produce electricity, and which addresses issues of efficiency arising from substantial amount of water present in sewage sludge, and which renders non-carbonaceous or inorganic components of sludge environmentally benign.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New method for generating electricity comprises:    (1) anaerobically digesting sludge and forming a gas mixture of methane and carbon dioxide and a digested sludge;    (2) removing water from the digested sludge;    (3) gasifying the dewatered sludge in a slagging gasifier, forming a gaseous composition comprising:    (4)    (a) carbon monoxide;    (b) hydrogen; and    (c) a residue of non-carbonaceous material;    burning methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide in an apparatus suitable for generating electricity.
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises palladium, platinum and tungsten supported in a metal oxide carrier. The catalyst decomposes nitrogen oxide in exhaust gas using hydrocarbon reducer in oxygen-rich atmosphere.    USE - For decomposing nitrogen oxide contained in exhaust gas ejected from turbine, burners, boilers and internal combustion engine, in oxygen-rich atmosphere.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has stable nitrogen oxide decomposition property for longer duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for exhaust gas purification method which involves contacting catalyst and exhaust gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows relationship between time and rate of denitration. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The difference of actual injection efficiency and the standard injection efficiency is calculated from the statistics analysis. The correction value judged is multiplied to the calculated value. The correction value is judged based on the alkalinity, pH, water temperature and turbidity. The multiplied value is added to the actual injection efficiency.    USE - Used in water purification plant.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to quickly and completely stabilize the actual injection even when rapid variation is generated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The difference of actual injection efficiency and the standard injection efficiency is calculated. The correction value judged by operator is multiplied by predetermined constant 0.00-3.00 preferably in the range 0.0-1.0. The correction value in each alkalinity calculated by using a function is set to 8 parts per million (ppm) in 50 or more, so as to obtain alkalinity of less than 20 ppm. The correction value in each temperature is calculated by using a function set to 0 ppm in equal to or more than 15 degreesC so as to obtain 6 ppm at water temperature of less than 10 degreesC. The turbidity is classified according to the reference standard defined by the water purification plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the flocculant injection control method of water purification method. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A bio-deodorizing equipment contains a deodorizing tower (1) with a partition dividing two chambers across a gas route (1a) vertically. The tower (1) contains a deodorizing layer (5a) and a adsorption layer (6a). A sprinkler nozzle (4a) is provided to the upper portion of the layer (5a). A filler and a carrier which performs carbonization molding are provided.    USE - For bad smell produced by human waste and sewage works.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus performs water sprinkling for activation and cleaning of microorganism efficiently. The carrier is a carbonized material of sewage sludge hence has big void and wide contact area. The apparatus performs efficient deodorizing running.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bio-deodorizing equipment contains a deodorizing tower (1) with a partition dividing two chambers across a gas route (1a) vertically. The tower (1) contains a deodorizing layer (5a) and a adsorption layer (6a). A sprinkler nozzle (4a) is provided to the upper portion of the layer (5a) and a carrier which performs carbonization molding is provided. A filler connecting upper chamber of the layer (5a) and lower chamber of the layer (6a) mutually at route (1a) and dehydration cake of a sewage sludge with a rotary kiln, is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an actuating unit of the deodorizing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Deodorizing tower (1)    Gas route (1a)    Sprinkler nozzle (4a)    Deodorizing layer (5a)    Adsorption layer (6a)
NOVELTY - The microorganism deodorizing apparatus is equipped with a deodorizing tank (2) which accommodates a microorganism carrier (1) and a sprinkler (3) which sprinkles water to the tank (2). A water pool portion (10) which stores water passed through the tank (2), temporarily under aerobic atmosphere, is provided to the bottom portion of the tank (2).    USE - For composting organic wastes such as sewages, and waste from foundry and chemical plants.    ADVANTAGE - The microorganism deodorizing apparatus processes organic wastes effectively and easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of microorganism deodorizing apparatus drained, without recovering sprinkled water. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Microorganism carrier (1)    Deodorizing tank (2)    Sprinkler (3)    Water pool portion (10)    Odor transducing portion (11)
NOVELTY - A microorganism is mixed with an organic waste and heated. Water content of the mixture is adjusted, organic waste is fermented and microorganism is proliferated. The fermentation product is dried and mixed with a mixture of sewage sludge and livestock dung. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 40-60 weight%, in the presence of air. The sewage sludge and livestock dung are fermented and dried.    USE - The method is used processing organic waste and sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE - Processing time of the organic waste and sewage sludge, is reduced. Generation of bad smell is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A microorganism is mixed with an organic waste having nitrogen assimilation ability at normal temperature to 70 degreesC. Heating is performed at less than 70 degreesC, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 35-55 weight% in the presence of air. Organic waste is fermented and microorganism is proliferated. The fermentation product containing propagated microorganism is dried. The obtained dried fermentation product is mixed with a mixture of sewage sludge and livestock dung. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 40-60 weight%, in the presence of air. The sewage sludge and livestock dung are fermented and dried.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of the processing method of organic waste and sewage sludge. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Water to be treated is passed through the flow paths (A,B) that are provided with bent pipe couplings (2a,2b) at their lower ends. The flow rate of the flow path (B) is 2-3% of the flow rate of the flow path (A).    USE - For removing suspended solids containing magnesium, calcium, silica, aluminum, in bathtub, aquarium, fishery, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The suspended solids can be removed easily without using filtration equipment and chemicals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the suspended solid removal apparatus.    Bent pipe couplings (2a,2b)    Flow paths (A,B)
NOVELTY - The temperature of organic refuse processing apparatus having microbial cells and microbial bed existing in water bath (7) having a humidity of 60-90%, is maintained at 60-95degreesC, and organic refuse is supplied. Further, warm air at 60-90degreesC is introduced through air inlet (4) and stirred. Fermentation process is performed and organic refuse is processed.    USE - For processing organic refuse containing garlic, onion, orange and bones of pig and cattle, for organic fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE - The organic refuse is processed economically, efficiently and safely. The vapor generated during the processing of refuse is directly recovered as liquid fertilizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic refuse processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of organic refuse processing apparatus.    Air inlet (4)    Water bath (7)
NOVELTY - The organic substance processing apparatus comprises a jet pipe (150) connected with each exhaust port (16,25). The exhaust gas is ejected externally from one discharge port.    USE - For processing organic substances such as organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The organic substance processing apparatus is equipped with small-sized and inexpensive exhaust structure. The deodorizing apparatus of the organic substance processing apparatus, deodorizes the bad smell generated at the time of decomposition of organic substance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic substance processing apparatus comprises a treatment tank (1) which decompose-treats the organic substance, a jet pipe (150) connected with each exhaust port, and a fan (151) for discharging the exhaust gas to the discharge port of the jet pipe. The exhaust gas is ejected directly through the exhaust port (25) or from the exhaust port through the deodorizing apparatus (20). The exhaust gas is ejected externally from one discharge port.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the rear view of the main component of the organic substance processing apparatus.    Treatment tank (1)    Deodorizing apparatus (20)    Exhaust ports (16,25)    Jet pipe (150)    Fan (151)
NOVELTY - The organic refuse gas is passed through the washing container (20) in which the washing solution containing ozone gas and titanium oxide is sprayed.    USE - For deodorizing organic refuse gas.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents useless loss of washing solution by sprinkling the washing solution in the washing container. Deodorizing effect is carried out efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic refuse gas deodorizing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of organic refuse gas deodorizing apparatus.    Washing container (20)
NOVELTY - The system (1) has a solution former (5) and a blender (6) to form a magnetizing active mineral solution (A) by dissolving a multi-element mineral in a liquid like water and adds some microorganisms to form a microorganism content magnetizing mineral solution (A'). A sprinkler (7) spreads the solution into deodorizing tanks (2,3) as a fog to deodorize a gas (G).    USE - For performing the deodorization of a gas containing nasty smell substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide when producing a manure from organic wastes such as excrements and an organic refuse or livestock and pruning waste.    ADVANTAGE - The contact area between a magnetizing mineral solution containing microorganisms and the processed gas can be increased by spreading the solution in the form of a fog into the deodorizing tanks through which the gas is passed as compared to the case of deodorizing the gas by carrying out the aeration of the gas. The contact frequency of the microorganisms with the gas can be increased as a result. The decomposition of a nasty smell substance by several kinds of microorganisms can be accelerated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas passed into the deodorizing tanks through the respective inlet ports (2a,3a) is deodorized by the microorganisms contained in the sprayed solution and the gas obtained after the deodorization removal of the nasty smell substances like ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, is ejected out of the deodorizing tanks through an exhaust port (4a).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of a deodorizing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Deodorizing system (1)    Deodorizing tanks (2,3)    Inlet ports (2a,3a)    Exhaust port (4a)    Solution former (5)    Blender (6)    Sprinkler (7)    Mineral solution (A')    Gas (G)
NOVELTY - The method involves mixing and grinding animal-and-plant waste materials. The mixture is press-filtrated, separating compression residuum and filtration liquid. The compression residuum is utilized as fodder.    USE - For effective recycling of animal-and-plant waste material.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of new waste material during resourcing of animal-and-plant waste material, is prevented. Effective usage of animal-and-plant waste material, such as shochu liquor distillation lees, and fibrous plant material, such as rice straw, is carried out. Resourcing of animal-and-plant waste material is a simple and inexpensive process. Reduction in suspended matter mass (SS) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentration is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship of the rice straw addition rate, suspended matter mass (SS) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentration and the filtration quantity. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The primary chamber (81) of the hydrogen separation unit (8) is supplied with reformed gas and hydrogen separated by hydrogen separation membrane (8a) output by the secondary chamber (82). When the hydrogen is cooled in the downstream of the secondary chamber, evaporator (14) produces water vapor from waste heat of hydrogen and supplies to the secondary chamber.    USE - Fuel cell system for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen partial pressure of the secondary side chamber is greatly reduced by supplying water vapor when hydrogen gas is cooled. Hence reduces the reformed gas pressure supplied to the primary side chamber, thereby reducing the reformed gas compressor size which improves mounting property of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation unit (8)    Hydrogen separation membrane (8a)    Evaporator (14)    Primary chamber (81)    Secondary chamber (82)
NOVELTY - The catalyst contains (1) a co-catalyst component which comprises a catalyst active ingredient and a heat-resistant oxide; (2) a catalyst support component; and (3) a carrier containing component which neutralizes the acidic site of a catalyst support component.    USE - The hydrogen produced is used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A high conversion ratio of hydrocarbon is enabled, even at low temperature. Precipitation of carbon on catalyst surface is prevented and degradation is reduced. Durability of catalyst is increased. Exterior heat source is not needed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrocarbon modification method, which involves using hydrocarbon modification catalyst and obtaining hydrogen gas by modifying hydrocarbon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used for hydrocarbon modification.
NOVELTY - Thermal decomposition apparatus (11) decomposes heat insulating material urethane foamed by freon and is introduced into a gas modifier (12). A partial pressure controller (13) is close to the outlet of the gas modifier to control oxygen partial pressure to the lowest level.    USE - For transforming harmful heat insulating material urethane generated during dismantling of used refrigerator, into valuable heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - High temperature corrosion of the metallic material by the hydrogen chloride generated during heat decomposition of heat insulating material urethane is prevented by controlling oxygen partial pressure to lowest level.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The temperature of the gas modifier is maintained to 900-1200degreesC for controlling oxygen partial pressure to 3% or less. The partial pressure of carbon monoxide and hydrogen are controlled to 5% or more and the partial pressure of methane is controlled to 0.5% or more. The partial pressure controller (13) includes an injection apparatus which supplies an organic compound to the thermal decomposition apparatus.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for waste disposal method, which involves thermally decomposing heat insulating material urethane foamed by the freon and coolant freon in thermal decomposition apparatus. The decomposed mixture is supplied to gas modifier under controlled condition of partial pressure of oxygen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the waste disposal system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thermal decomposition apparatus (11)    Gas modifier (12)    Partial pressure controller (13)
NOVELTY - An ammonia generation inhibition method, comprising mixing an intermediate process compost, a polymeric material and a compost raw material, and carrying out a compost process, is new. The polymeric material forms an organic acid by decomposition, in the compost process.    USE - For inhibiting ammonia generation in compost process.    ADVANTAGE - The method is inexpensive and inhibits the generation of odor by ammonia or amines in the compost process. The method does not have a bad influence on the microorganism and decomposes the human waste. The polymeric material used as multi- film for agriculture, discarded after the compost process is recovered. The method also provides deodorizing effect, when a human waste of livestock an organic refuse and a waste material of a process is also used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ammonia generation inhibition method, comprising mixing an intermediate process compost, a polymeric material and a compost raw material, and carrying out a compost process, is new. The polymeric material forms an organic acid by decomposition, in the compost process. The compost raw materials are human waste sludge, sludge, organic refuse, foodstuffs, fodder, fertilizers or their mixtures. The polymeric material is a biodegradable resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a test equipment used for an ammonia generation inhibition method.
NOVELTY - The gasification of e.g. industrial waste and biomass involves two-stage treatment, with cooling and purification of the gas obtained from the second treatment stage.    USE - Gasification of e.g. industrial waste an biomass.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus in which the above gasification process is conducted.
NOVELTY - Preparation (I) of an instant tea like material (II), comprises: (A) extracting water soluble components from the plant species Aspalathus and/or Cyclopia to form water extract; (B) concentrating the extract and clarifying to form a clear solution; (C) spray drying the concentrate to form a powder; and (D) granulating the powder.    USE - (I) is used for preparing tea-like beverage. The granulated powder obtained by converting the concentrate and the resultant aroma into an instantly soluble powder, is also used as dry ingredient in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.    ADVANTAGE - (I) provides a strong, stable and clear instant tea with good aroma.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) An instant tea material (II);    (2) A concentrate; and    (3) A tea-like beverage.
NOVELTY - Enhancing (M1) the growth of antibiotics non-resistant bacteria comparatively to the growth of antibiotics resistant bacteria in an aqueous effluent and/or in solid waste residues, the effluent or the residue containing bacteria, comprises adding antibiotics non-resistant bacteria exclusively to the aqueous effluents and/or solid waste residues.    USE - The method is useful for enhancing the growth of antibiotics non-resistant bacteria, preferably Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter or Rhodococcus comparatively to growth of antibiotics resistant bacteria, in aqueous effluents or solid waste residues such as sewage and septic tank waste waters, sludges, sediments, manures, litters or soils. The method increases the treatability and the biodegradability of the aqueous effluents or the solid water residues (claimed). The method is particularly useful for the treatment of aqueous effluents and/or solid waste residues.    ADVANTAGE - The treatment of waste residues makes them safer for the environment, especially for plants and animals (including humans). The method increases the capacity of the polluted media to be treated and to be biodegraded, and reduces the proportion of micro-organisms able to resist to antibiotics. The method reduces the frequency of deleterious gene transfer from one type to other micro-organisms types, especially from non-pathogenic and resistant micro-organisms to pathogenic and possibly non-resistant microorganisms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for kit of parts to perform the above method, which comprises bacteria that are exclusively antibiotics non-resistant, bacteria that are preferably lyophilized, nutrients for the bacteria and enzymes.
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon sensor comprises: (a) an electrolyte body having a first electrolyte surface with a reference electrode (16); and (b) a metal oxide electrode body (12) contained within the electrolyte body. The metal oxide electrode body has a first electrode surface coplanar with the first electrolyte surface.    USE - The sensor is used for the detection of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). It can be used to sense the amount of NMHC in the tailpipe emissions of an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor can provide a direct measure of the catalyst efficiency because the sensor can be placed downstream of the converter. It works in high oxygen concentrations (1%) which makes it ideal for operation in the exhaust of a lean-burn engine. It is stable over time and is reproducible from sensor to sensor. The sensor response is highly selective to non-methane hydrocarbons.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming the hydrocarbon sensor, comprising:    (i) forming a sintered metal-oxide electrode body;    (ii) placing the electrode body within an electrolyte powder;    (iii) pressing the powder with the electrode body to form a pressed electrolyte body containing the electrode body;    (iv) removing electrolyte (10) from the electrolyte surface above the electrode body to expose the electrode surface that is coplanar with the electrolyte surface; and    (v) sintering the electrolyte and electrode bodies to form the sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures are top and cross-section views, respectively, of a hydrocarbon sensor.    electrolyte (10)    metal oxide electrode body (12)    reference electrode (16)
NOVELTY - A silicone gasket placed on flat peripheral sealing region on each face of a graphite/carbon bipolar separator plates (11,12), contacts polymer electrolyte membrane (13) of fuel cell to form a peripheral silicone seals (16,17). The gaskets prevents the mixing of oxidant, fuel gas and cooling medium provided by the plate to the anode (14) and cathode (15) of the fuel cell.    USE - For gasketing fuel cell stacks used in power generation, vehicles, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains proper electrical conduction within fuel cell stack. Provides uniform thickness to the silicone seal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Bipolar separator plates; and    (2) Integral sealing method of fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of single polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell disposed between two separator plates.    Graphite/carbon bipolar separator plates (11,12)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (13)    Anode (14)    Cathode (15)    Peripheral silicone seals (16,17)
NOVELTY - Controlling the oxidant supply for oxidizing carbon monoxide in a hydrogen gas-rich reformate stream produced by a reformer and supplied to a fuel cell comprises utilizing the flow rates of the inlet streams and the pressures in a reformer to control the flow rate of oxidant to a preferential oxidizer.    USE - For controlling the oxidant supply for oxidizing carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas-rich reformate stream produced by a reformer and supplied to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method controls the amount of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-rich gas stream to the anode and at the same time minimizing the consumption of the hydrogen in the anode fuel stream.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Controlling the oxidant supply comprises determining a flow rate of inlet streams to the reformer; utilizing the flow rate of the inlet streams to the reformer to determine a flow rate of reformate in an outlet stream from the reformer and determining the carbon monoxide content of the reformate in the reformer outlet stream; utilizing the determined flow rate of the reformate in the reformer outlet stream and the determined carbon monoxide content to derive a flow rate of oxidant supply to the reformate in the reformer outlet stream to oxidize at least a portion of the carbon monoxide content; determining a rate of change of pressure in the reformer; and utilizing the rate of change of pressure in the reformer to adjust the flow rate of oxidant supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a reformer reactor, preferential oxidizer (prox) and fuel cell with an electronic control module controlling the air injection to the prox and the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A chemical compound from which hydrogen (H2) is hardly obtainable and which has an actual H2 yield of less than 50% of the stoichiometric yield in a raw material is converted by a conversion reaction. H2 is generated from obtained chemical compound from which H2 is obtainable and which has actual hydrogen yield of 50% or more of the stoichiometric yield, by reforming and/or hydrocarbon decomposition.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen from a raw material containing a chemical compound from hydrogen is hardly obtainable and which has actual hydrogen yield of less than 50% of the stoichiometric yield, used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is manufactured from the raw material such as a waste liquid containing chemical compound from which hydrogen is hardly obtainable, inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a system for manufacturing hydrogen which has a converter (2) for converting chemical compound from which H2 is hardly obtainable and which has an actual H2 yield of less than 50% of the stoichiometric yield in the raw material into chemical compound from which H2 is obtainable and which has actual hydrogen yield of 50% or more of the stoichiometric yield, and a reactor (3) for generating hydrogen from the chemical compound from which hydrogen is obtainable by reforming and/or hydrocarbon decomposition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing system.    Converter (2)    Reactor (3)    Conversion catalyst (12)    Hydrocarbon decomposition catalyst (15)
NOVELTY - A rotary thermal storage unit in a reforming section (40), rotates alternately in order to catalytically reform the reforming material flowing in a low temperature fluid passage to a reformed gas containing hydrogen, upon receiving heat from the combustion gas flowing through a high temperature fluid passage.    USE - For fuel cell used in vehicles or gas turbines.    ADVANTAGE - A compact hydrogen supply device that exhausts limited amount of harmful components is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A primary rotary thermal storage section has a reforming catalyst to reform reforming material to reformed gas containing hydrogen upon receiving heat from the combustion gas which is produced by burning an off gas from a hydrogen consumption device. A secondary rotary thermal storage section in an evaporation section is provided with oxidation catalyst to vaporize and heat reforming material in the low temperature fluid passage, by using the heat of the combustion gas. A tertiary rotary thermal storage section has a carbon monoxide (CO) eliminating catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and another rotatory thermal storage moistens the reforming gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen supply device.    Reforming section (40)
NOVELTY - A reaction mixture containing (in weight%) polar group substituted aromatic dicarboxylic acid (20-75) and alkali metal salt of tetra-substituted aromatic diol (25-78) and organic solvent (2-20) is polymerized at -5 to 80degreesC for 1-36 hours with stirring. Reaction mixture is added to non-solvent for polymer precipitation. The precipitated polymer is separated, purified and dried at 40-80degreesC for 24-48 hours.    USE - For preparing aromatic polyesters (polyarylates) used for preparing membranes, used for gas separation such as hydrogen from methane, helium from nitrogen and oxygen from nitrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Improved process for preparing aromatic polyesters having high intrinsic viscosity by polymerization of bisphenol and polar group substituted aromatic dicarboxylic acid, is provided. The polyarylates has high gas permeability as well as selectivity, compared to polyarylates made from same aromatic diol and conventional acid like isophthalic acid. The polyesters are easily soluble at ambient temperature in common solvents such as chloroform and toluene, and are easily processed into hollow fiber or flat sheet membrane form or to thin film composite type membranes. The polyarylates obtained from o-cresolphthalein or dimethyl bisphenol-A with nitroterephthalic acid have high selectivity for helium and hydrogen with good permeability. The polyarylates made from tetramethyl bisphenol-A with nitroterephthalic acid has excellent permeability and good selectivity for helium, hydrogen and oxygen.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for manufacturing charcoal using food garbage and its operation recycles waste garbage to useful resource.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for manufacturing charcoal using food garbage comprises garbage mixer for mixing supplied garbage; at least one separator for eliminating foreign materials from mixed garbage; 1st and 2nd dehydrators for removing water from foreign materials-free garbage; a crusher for discharging crushed garbage in a certain shape; a garbage dryer; and a heater for manufacturing charcoal by heating dried garbage in an air-tight chamber. Further, the heater comprises a body into which dried garbage is put; an input door which is installed at one side edge of the body to introduce dried garbage into the body and to seal the body after inputting garbage; a heating furnace (146); a motor (148) for rotating the heating furnace while heating; an exhaust hole (150) installed at one side edge of the motor; and a valve (152) which is installed at the center of the exhaust hole to alleviate excessive internal pressure of the heating furnace.
NOVELTY - An apparatus and a method for the production of a fuel using food garbage prevents environmental contamination due to the food garbage and high cost used in treating the food garbage by producing a heating fuel and/or charcoal using the waste food.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for the production of a fuel using food garbage comprises a food injection part which dehydrates and crushes the food after receiving the food, and supplies water generated during dehydration and crushing of the food to a waste water treater; a mixing part for mixing the food with one or more of coal powder and charcoal powder so that food dehydrated and crushed in the food injection part can be easily ignited, and into which viscous oil or starch is injected so that the food, coal powder and charcoal powder are easily adhered; and a forming and drying part compression molding the mixture into a specific shape after receiving a mixture of the food, coal powder and charcoal powder from the mixing part, and drying the compression molded mixture. The production of a heating fuel using food garbage comprises collecting food (S100); dehydrating and crushing the food (S102); mixing the food with one or more of coal powder and charcoal powder so that the dehydrated and crushed food can be easily ignited (S104); injecting viscous oil or starch so that the food, coal powder and charcoal powder are easily adhered (S106); compression molding a mixture of food, coal powder and charcoal powder in a briquette shape (S108); and drying the compression molded mixture (S110).
NOVELTY - Resolution of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons with Rhodococcus sp. KN-14 (FERM P-18195), N-45 (FERM P-18197) or KN-46 (FERM P-18196).    USE - Clean up of environmental condition.    ADVANTAGE - An effective method for clean up environmental condition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Rhodococcus sp. microorganisms, particularly with resolving power of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly Rhodococcus sp. KN-14, N-45 or KN-46, o-xylene as a sole carbon source, and those with 90% or over homologous to bases of sequence Nos. 1, 2 or 3, or 73% or over homologous to DNA base sequence Nos. 4, 5 or 6 encoding for gyrase beta-subunit, used for environmental clean up.
NOVELTY - Aerosol composition comprises basic polar oily ingredient selected from oils, fats and esters, non-polar oily ingredient selected from hydrocarbon and silicone, and propellant. The volume ratio of the basic component to propellant is 0.1:99.9 to 5:95.    USE - For use after application of nail cosmetics.    ADVANTAGE - High gloss can be given to nail cosmetics.
NOVELTY - A storage apparatus (15) is provided for storing the granulated plastic which is transferred from hopper (11) through outlet (11d) of discharge apparatus. Inert gas introducing apparatus introduces inert gas to storage apparatus. The plastic ejected from storage apparatus is cooled with the cooling system (18). A demineralizer (20) is provided for carrying out the dechlorination process of the cooled plastic.    USE - For processing waste plastic.    ADVANTAGE - Enables performing the demineralization smoothly. Reduces occurrence of fire.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A storage pipe with upper and lower detectors (15a,15b) for detecting storage of plastic and storage position of plastic respectively, is provided for storing the granulated plastic. The granulated plastic is transferred from hopper through outlet (11d) of discharge apparatus to storage pipe. A controller (42) is provided for controlling inert gas introducing apparatus to introduce inert gas based on the oxygen concentration in the storage equipment. Oximeter (43) is provided for measuring oxygen concentration in the storage apparatus. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for waste plastic processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the waste plastic processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hopper (11)    Outlet (11d)    Storage apparatus (15)    Detectors (15a,15b)    Cooling system (18)    Demineralizer (20)    Controller (42)    Oximeter (43)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-energy generation system reduces oxidized metal components by redox reaction, after generating hydrogen by water vapor contact, and regenerates the metal fine components.    USE - For regenerating metal fine components, used for fuel cells and reciprocating engines of motor vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen-energy generation system is of simple composition, and has excellent efficiency and total energy balance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of a hydrogen-generation system, using a cartridge container and composition for recovering heat. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A process chamber (7) decomposes a ground refuse ejected from the top discharge port (33) of a screw conveyor (5) which conveys the wastes upward in a dehydration screen (3). The odor and water content of the process chamber are exhausted with one or both among two exhaust systems (8) selectively through the waste-water port (41) of the dehydration screen or directly.    USE - For performing grinding, disposal and processing of organic refuse ejected from domestic kitchens, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The most suitable path for exhausting the odor and water content from a process chamber can be selected and used depending on the installation situation, since two exhaust systems are provided to selectively exhaust the odor and water content of the process chamber through the waste-water port or directly. The peripheral environment can be made comfortable without scattering of refuse, since the ground refuse discharged from the dehydration screen is quickly and smoothly ejected to the process chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic refuse which is ground by a grinding disposer (2) is sent in from a bottom inlet (31) of a dehydration screen (3) and is conveyed upwards by rotating the screw conveyor. The dehydration water removed from the refuse is ejected through the waste-water port.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire schematic composition of the organic refuse processing equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Grinding disposer (2)    Dehydration screen (3)    Screw conveyor (5)    Process chamber (7)    Exhaust systems (8)    Bottom inlet of dehydration screen (31)    Top discharge port of screw conveyor (33)    Waste-water port of dehydration screen (41)
NOVELTY - The decomposition system has the work surface (4) on which the contaminated soil (3) is spread covering the ground surface using non-permeable concrete structure (2). A catchment groove (5) is provided at the downstream side of the work surface and the water storage tank (6) is provided for receiving water from a contaminated soil through the catchment groove.    USE - For decomposition of pollutants e.g. contaminated soil, industrial waste/oil, organic-chlorine compounds in sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The bioremediation is performed without degrading quality of water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the pollutant decomposition system.
NOVELTY - A paddle type stirrer (1) has stirring blades (2) which are rotatable about a shaft (5). The tip (3) of the stirring blade is flat.    USE - For stirring organic substances e.g. crushed refuse, sludge, livestock dung, in fermentation apparatus for production of compost.    ADVANTAGE - Since the tip of the stirring blade is flat, the descaling of blade is made easily. Thereby ensuring stable stirring operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure respectively shows schematic view, front view, side view and partially enlarged view of the stirring blade.    Paddle type stirrer (1)    Stirring blade (2)    Tip (3)    Shaft (5)
NOVELTY - The container (1) consists of an external frame (2) made from a secondary fermentation finished compost produced with a fermentation system as a main raw material for the outer walls. A secondary fermentation finished soil-like ripe compost (3) produced with a fermentation processing system is filled as a potting soil into the external frame for raising a seedling (7).    USE - For the production and marketing of seedlings used for cultivation of crops in agricultural and forestry industries.    ADVANTAGE - The difficult problems of harmful effect on the surrounding environment can be eliminated by using the secondary fermentation finished ripe compost produced with a fermentation system as compared to the case of using synthetic resins such as a vinyl chloride. An environmental friendly circulation container for cultivation can be obtained according to the requirements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of a circulation type organic substance solidification container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts a perspective view showing the condition of raising a seedling in a circulation type organic substance solidification container.    Circulation type organic substance solidification container (1)    External frame (2)    Potting soil (3)    Seedling (7)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse generated by facility e.g. school, factory is subjected to volume reduction using organic refuse processing machine (18). The resulting primary treated material is accommodated in container (20a) and transported to a secondary treatment plant (30) by vehicle (28). Foreign material and unnecessary compounds are removed and a necessary component is added to form potting soil, compost or fertilizer.    USE - For recycling organic refuse into potting soil, compost or fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables recyclic of organic refuse, eliminating incineration disposal. Transport cost is also controlled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of an organic refuse processing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Organic refuse processing machine (18)    Container (20a)    Vehicle (28)    Secondary treatment plant (30)
NOVELTY - The fuel gas containing hydrogen, water vapor and carbon monoxide, is introduced into the purification equipment. An inorganic separation membrane permits only hydrogen and water vapor in the gas to pass through it, such that the ratio of water vapor concentration and hydrogen concentration is in the range of 0.3-0.6 and a mixed gas with carbon monoxide concentration of 100 parts per million, is obtained.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed) e.g. phosphoric acid type fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate type fuel cell (MCFC), solid electrolyte type fuel cell (SOFC), solid polymer type fuel cell (PEFC) and direct methanol reformation type fuel cell (DMFC), used as power source for motor vehicle and also for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - As the gas purification equipment removes carbon monoxide from the fuel gas, the electricity generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved by utilizing the hydrogen and water vapor in the gas. As the size of humidifier is reduced, the size of fuel cell system is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inorganic separation membrane formed on the surface of a porous support, consists of an amorphous silicon/zirconium oxide layer. The mean pore diameter of the support is less than 0.5 nm and the porosity of the support is 20-40 volume percentage.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell of solid polymer type or phosphoric acid type, which consists of an oxygen pole and a hydrogen pole. The gas purification equipment is connected to the hydrogen pole side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the gas purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A fluid bed tank (3) is provided for processing the organic waste using the waste heat of a waste incineration installation (51).    USE - For processing organic waste ejected from home, restaurant and hotels.    ADVANTAGE - Since the waste heat of waste incineration installation is utilized as a heat source in the fluid bed tank, continuous ejection of product from supply of raw material without opening and closing the processing apparatus mechanically is performable without manning. Power requirement for the process is reduced. By feeding the gas heated previously, the process is accelerated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for processing method of organic waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline explanatory view of the organic waste processing apparatus.    Fluid bed tank (3)    Waste incineration installation (51)
NOVELTY - A screen (8) is arranged in a case (6) attached to sidewall (1a) of a decomposition tank. Organic refuse which overflows from the decomposition tank into the case, passes through the screen and through a lower opening (7b) of the case back to the tank. A door (6a) of the case is opened to remove decomposition-resistant impurities collected on the screen.    USE - For processing organic refuse mixed with impurities such as plastics, metal, saw dust, paper, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Decomposition-resistant impurities such as plastics, metals mixed with organic refuse are automatically separated from organic refuse by using the screen. Hence sorting of organic refuse beforehand is not required. Dioxin generation due to incineration of organic refuse is reduced as decomposition of organic refuse is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the case attached to the organic refuse processing apparatus.    Sidewall (1a)    Case (6)    Door (6a)    Lower opening (7b)    Screen (8)
NOVELTY - Sludge and gas produced from a carbonization tank (3) during raw material carbonization is supplied to a cooling unit (44). Liquefied and unliquified gas from the cooling unit are supplied to a drying unit (45) and a deodorizing unit (46), respectively. The steam exhausted from the drying unit is led to a deodorizing-hot blast generator (59) in which oxidation degradation of the harmful gas is performed to form a hot humid gas used for heating the tank.    USE - For performing carbonization of solid waste materials and excrement.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the formation of oxidation compounds and dioxin by performing oxidation degradation by harmful gas, hence environmental pollution is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a carbonization apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the carbonization apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbonization tank (3)    Cooling unit (44)    Drying unit (45)    Deodorizing unit (46)    Deodorizing-hot blast generator (59)
NOVELTY - Calcined lime, compost, potato scrap disposal and dried products such as livestock excrements and organic waste are mixed and hydration reaction of calcined lime is carried out. The water content is adjusted, and obtained mixture is dried and deposited. Random X microbe (0.15-0.01%) is added and stirred. The mixture is then fermented for 1 week and set as a compost or fertilizer.    USE - For producing potato fermentation compost.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides potato fermentation compost having high vitality.
NOVELTY - A fluid sample (S) is placed in calorimetry cell, and reference thermogram is obtained using sample at T1 to T2. Thermogram (A) is obtained using sample at same temperature under hydrocarbon gas pressure (Ph). Hydrate is formed at T1 under Ph, and hydrate is dissociated at T2. A peak is identified in thermogram (A) corresponding to hydrate dissociation zone, and hydrate dissociation temperature is deduced.    USE - For determining hydrate formation condition in well fluids during deep offshore and very deep offshore drilling.    ADVANTAGE - The method eliminates formation of solid gas hydrates which results in agglomeration and deposition of the hydrate crystals that eventually clogs the wellhead, auxiliary control lines and annulus. The method eliminates loss of rheological properties of the mud, and thereby prevents interruption of drilling operation. The generation of large amount of gases released to the surface during back flow of mud to the surface is eliminated. The determination method is performed easily, quickly and reliably in a safe manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fluid sample is placed in a calorimetry cell, and a reference thermogram is obtained using the sample at T1 to T2. Thermogram (A) is obtained using the same sample at same temperature under hydrocarbon gas pressure Ph. The hydrate is formed at low temperature T1 under Ph, and the hydrate is dissociated at high temperature T2. A peak is identified in the thermogram (A) corresponding to hydrate dissociation zone, and hydrate dissociation temperature is deduced. The hydrate formation conditions for the fluid is determined.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for system for implementing gas hydrate formation process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the principle of the measuring cell of the device.    Fluid sample (S)
NOVELTY - The amount of fuel supplied to a fuel cell stack (111) is controlled to attain a desired voltage output, that is based upon input current and voltage for a battery (220) connected to the fuel cell stack.    USE - In vehicle power system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduces operational cost due to decreased losses that are associated with converters. Improves dynamic range of the system by minimizing excessive transients load sending and thereby provides protection for battery and solid oxide fuel cell stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for vehicle power system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of electrical system including SOFC stack.    Fuel cell stack (111)    Battery (220)
NOVELTY - The temperature of a reformer zone (24) is sensed to determine whether the temperature is above or below a selected temperature range. Air (52) is supplied to the reformer zone, if the reformer zone temperature is raised above the selected temperature range.    USE - For controlling temperature of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) auxiliary unit in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - By controlling the temperature in reformer zone, the fuel cell system operates more efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Electricity production method;    (2) Thermal management system; and    (3) Fuel cell system thermal management method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of an exemplary fuel cell system with thermal management system.    Reformer zone (24)    Air (52)
NOVELTY - A start up assembly for a fuel cell (3) has a gas generator with a hydrocarbon reformer (1) unit and one or more selective oxidation stages (2) for the removal of carbon monoxide from re-formed substances. The system also has one or more catalytic fuel burners (5). During the warm-up phase one or more of the burners is operated to evaporate fuel and water, and to heat a supplementary partial re-forming unit or a partial oxidation stage (7).    USE - Start-up process for an automotive fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the warm-up time and maximizes the electrical energy available during the warm-up phase.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - During re-forming or partial oxidation, a flow of hydrogen gas is delivered to the fuel cell (3) which then operates at limited power during the warm-up phase. During the warm-up phase, the catalytic burner (5) is pre-heated by electrical power and receives a feed of hydrocarbon fuel or hydrogen from a reservoir. Also claimed is a commensurate process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a bock diagram of the process.    Reformer (1)    selective oxidation stage (2)    fuel cell system (3)    pipe (4)    catalytic burner (5)    evaporator (6)    partial re-forming unit or partial oxidation stage (7)
NOVELTY - An electrically-heated fuel cell reactor (1) has a series of catalyst substrate panels (5) alternating with layers of insulation (6). Several layers of catalyst substrate panels and insulation are transverse to the oncoming flow (S) of the fuel medium which flows vertically between the layers. The catalyst substrate forms part of the electrical circuit.    USE - Power generation fuel cell reactor. The gas flow pattern through the reactor minimizes reactor heat-up time and the presence of reactor inner cold spots.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement minimizes the discharge of unwanted emissions during the warm-up phase.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reactor catalyst (5) substrate has a first (7) and second (8) electrical contacts which are so positioned that the electrical current flows at right angles to the direction (S) of fuel medium flow.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a cross-sectional diagram of the reactor catalytic plate and insulation arrangement.    reactor (1)    fuel supply (2)    discharge (3)    housing (4)    catalyst substrate (5)    insulation (6)    electrical contact (7,8)    conduit (10)    fuel flow (S)
NOVELTY - The arrangement has an internal combustion engine (1) and an electrical current generator with a fuel cell (14) and a fuel reforming system (19) for the fuel cell. At least one connection is provided from the fuel reforming system to the engine and a controller controls the flow of a material or mixture from the reforming system into the engine.    USE - Especially for a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A large amount of electrical energy is made available when the engine is off and simultaneously high efficiency is guaranteed in generating the electrical energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of the drive arrangement.    internal combustion engine (1)    fuel cell (14)    fuel reforming system (19)
NOVELTY - A multipurpose agricultural liquid nutrient containing N, P, K, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Mo, organic substance, humic acid, amino acids, protein and general saccharide is prepared from the organic sewage generated by preparing gourmet powder and alcohol and the droppings of chicken and doves through making compost, fermenting, concentrating, proportioning, mixing, dispensing and examination. It can be used for agricultural crops, raising aquatic products and culturing edible funguses.
NOVELTY - A high-efficiency organic compound fertilizer is produced by using organic matter and humic acid as main carrier and through adding pollution-less deodoring agent and converting agent for fermentation and deodoring, adding proper amount of nutrients, stoving, crushing and pelletizing. It has low production cost, no bad smell, no toxicity, no pollution, comprehensive nutrients and high fertility. Applying the fertilizer can raise the yield and improve the quality of the farm product.
NOVELTY - This invention relates to a comprehensive biological technique for producing organic fertilizer by utilizing organic waste discards. Firstly, organic waste discards are inspected, they are regulated for portion mix according to inspection results, G-type fermentation agent is injected, and they are commercially produced under monitored condition so that they are required to make into different types of suitable and special-purpose G-type organic fertilizers. This invention by use of the said technique can quickly change the environmental-pollution waste discards to become the high-effective organic fertilizer.
NOVELTY - This invention provides a biological organic fertilizer and its preparation method. It takes organic waste, weathered coal, gangue, peat and chicken droppings as main compounding material, the fermentation technique is used to make up the ecological organic fertilizer. It contains beneficial biological bacteria colony, inorganic and organic matters, and has added active substance to transform uneffective state phosphorus and potassium into effective state ones, and has effects of improving soil, increasing organics of soil, long retaining period of fertilizer, good water retention, raising quality of crops, and enhancing output of crops.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell plate has a basic plate having a trapezoidal top view delimitated by longitudinal margins (102) and long and short transversal margins (104,106). A continuous wall (110) spaced from the margins, extend upwardly from the top of basic plate and circumscribes a flow field (112) including several channels (150).    USE - Fuel cell plate of fuel cells used as power source.    ADVANTAGE - The cross-sections of the flow field ensures continuous increase of the velocity of the fluid during passage along the channels. Hence improves efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective top view of the fuel cell plate.    Longitudinal margins (102)    Long and short transversal margins (104,106)    Continuous wall (110)    Flow field (112)    Channels (150)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic cell (10) comprises an electrolytic level monitoring device which includes a tube inserted into a float which moves along the tube according to the level of aqueous solution to actuate a switch (48). A controller controls operation of the hydrogen generating system in response to monitoring device, and an indicator indicates when aqueous solution reaches selected level.    USE - For use in internal combustion engine, used in motor vehicle, car, truck.    ADVANTAGE - Increases efficiency of the engine by decreasing hydrocarbon emissions from the engine. Ensures safety operation, since the power is shut down automatically when the level of aqueous solution is below or above a predetermined level.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the hydrogen generating system.    Electrolysis cell (10)    Switch (48)
NOVELTY - The flow field plate (302) has fuel gas supply and drain channels (305,306) connected through tapering channels (304). The cross-sectional area of the drain channel is set less than 95% of the cross-sectional area of the supply channel.    USE - For proton exchange membrane fuel cell or electrolyzer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - By reducing the cross-sectional area of the drain channel, uniform pressure drop is maintained across the electrochemically active region of the flow field.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for proton exchange membrane fuel cell or electrolyzer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the flow field plate.    Flow field plate (302)    Tapering channel (304)    Gas supply and drain channels (305,306)
NOVELTY - A power-generation system consists of gasifier and fuel cell modules. The gasifier module performs gasification reaction to convert a fuel into gaseous fuel (12). The modules are arranged, so that the gasifier module supplies gaseous fuel to fuel cell module. A portion of exhaust gas (11) from fuel cell module is recycled back into the gasifier to provide reactant(s) for gasification reaction.    USE - For use in the generation of electrical power (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive system produces power in high efficiency while facilitating capture of carbon dioxide. The use of anode exhaust gas as heat carrier and reactants eliminates the need for additional process steps to generate steam and other reactants and to transfer heat directly to the gasifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the inventive power-generation system.    Exhaust gas (11)    Gaseous fuel (12)
NOVELTY - Filter equipment (I) comprising at least one compartment with zeolite particles having a particle size of 10-40 mm, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for treatment of wastewater (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The improved filter equipment allows for a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly way of reducing the amount of sludge produced. It reduces the amount of pathogenic fungi, e.g. Phytium, Phytophora, and Fusarium, in water re-circulated from green houses. (I) is a flexible and reliable filter equipment solution for specific water reuse problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for filtering waste water, which comprises introducing waste water into a filter equipment.
NOVELTY - A fuel processor apparatus comprises a catalytic tubular reactor (8) and an infrared radiant burner (11) operated to heat the reactor, and to provide endothermic heat of reaction needed to reform a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam (4).    USE - Used as fuel processor.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is capable of delivering hydrogen to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack (41) with the electric load requirements which can change rapidly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel processor apparatus comprises a catalytic tubular reactor and an infrared radiant burner operated to heat the reactor, and to provide the endothermic heat of reaction needed to reform a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam supplied to the reactor for the production of a hydrogen-rich gas stream fed to a fuel cell, and including a control responsive to temperature change of the burner, which in turn responds to variation in fuel cell electric load to adjust the feed of hydrocarbon to the catalytic tubular reactor.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for controlling hydrogen flow to a fuel cell is a process where hydrocarbon is treated at high temperature in a steam reformer to produce such hydrogen flow where hydrogen temperature is produced by a radiant burner comprising providing a return flow of off-gas hydrogen from the fuel cell for supply to the radiant burner for combustion; detecting changes in burner surface temperature; and controlling the flow of hydrogen supplied to the burner in responsive to the changes in burner surface temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagram of the overall process flow rate scheme of the fuel processing system.    Steam (4)    Reformate (6)    Reactor (8)    Catalyst (9, 37)    Burner (11)    Water (17)    Fuel cell stack (41)    Anode off-gas (43)    Air (44)    Fuel (45)
NOVELTY - A non-ionic shaving gel comprises (wt.%): (a) water (60-90); (b) water-insoluble 12-18C solid fatty alcohol (2-20); (c) emulsifier comprising 0.2-10% of a 14-22C fatty alcohol ethoxylated with 50-150 moles ethylene oxide and 0-20% of a 12-18C fatty alcohol ethoxylated with 15-30 moles ethylene oxide; (d) self-foaming agent (0.5-10); and (e) non-volatile paraffinic hydrocarbon fluid (0.5-10).    USE - Used as post-foaming shave gel in aerosol dispenser (claimed) for wet shaving.    ADVANTAGE - The composition maintains superior performance attributes while avoiding the hardness and drying associated with soap-based and other ionic shave preparations. It can provide the properties of a conventional soap-based post-foaming gel, without the disadvantages of being ionic.
NOVELTY - An onboard fuel cell system includes a fuel cell (100) containing hydrogen and oxidative gases for generating electric power. The hydrogen-off gas and oxygen-off gas from fuel cell pass through the flow passages (407,503), respectively.    USE - In vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As the hydrogen concentration level in the exhaust gas is reduced before exhausting to atmosphere, environmental pollution is prevented favorably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen-off gas discharging method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the onboard fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (100)    Hydrogen-off flow passage (407)    Oxygen-off flow passage (503)
NOVELTY - Shut valves (102,104) are provided to a supply port and an exhaust port of a fuel cell (100), such that shut valves are opened and closed to permit or stop the flow of hydrogen gas into the fuel cell. The fuel cell produces electric power from the hydrogen gas and exhausts remaining hydrogen gas.    USE - For automobiles and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leakage of hydrogen gas during the stoppage of hydrogen gas supply. Enables to stop flow of hydrogen gas reliably at the time of emergency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen gas supply portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic block diagram of an onboard fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (100)    Shut valves (102,104)
NOVELTY - A controller (90) provides fuel delivery signal to a fuel handling subsystem (50) to start fuel supply to a fuel flow path of a primary fuel cell stack (10) and an auxiliary fuel cell stack (30). The controller applies electric power to a compressor to feed oxidant into the primary fuel cell stack upon receiving start-up signal.    USE - PEM fuel cell power generation system e.g. for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provides start-up power to fuel cell support subsystems and provides power that supports key-off system loads for land-based or vehicular fuel cell applications. Performs cell operation even at low temperature condition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for operating a fuel cell power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell power generation system.    Primary fuel cell stack (10)    Auxiliary fuel cell stack (30)    Fuel handling subsystem (50)    Controller (90)
NOVELTY - The outlet of a reformer (3) is connected to inlet (17) of fuel channel of high temperature fuel cell (6). The outlet of the fuel channel is connected to a inlet of a distributor (8). One outlet of the distributor is connected to fuel inlet (20) of combustion chamber (9) and the other outlet is connected to the reformer inlet. The outlet of combustion chamber is connected to a volume expansion engine (11).    USE - Power plant for use in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel is utilized efficiently because the combustion chamber is utilized efficiently and unprocessed fuel from outlet of the fuel channel of the high temperature fuel cell is fed back into the reformer. The dynamic characteristics of the power plant can be improved by providing additional fuel and air to the volume expansion engine.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hybrid power generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the power plant.    Reformer (3)    Fuel cell (6)    Distributor (8)    Combustion chamber (9)    Volume expansion engine (11)    Inlet of fuel cell (17)    Fuel inlet of combustion chamber (20)
NOVELTY - A receiving tank (12) has holes through which a pressurized bottle (50) is placed. Quick connections (14) provided at the closed end (124) of the hole, are connected to a gas discharge valve (52) of the bottle for activating the valve to an open position. A heater (16) around the hole performs endothermic reaction of metal hydride within the bottle for releasing hydrogen at a constant pressure.    USE - For use with a hydrogen source of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The supply device is able to continuously heat the metal hydride within the pressurized bottle, since the supply device utilizes electricity generated by the fuel cell,circulated hot water or any other possible heating system. When hydrogen in the pressurized bottle is exhausted hydrogen is recharged and used as safe and light hydrogen source.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the supply device for use with the hydrogen source.    Receiving tank (12)    Quick connection (14)    Heater (16)    Pressurized bottle (50)    Gas discharge valve (52)    Closed end (124)
NOVELTY - A gas separation membrane is made by mixing a fluoropolymer comprising a monomer which is tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole (PDD), 2,2,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, or a perfluoroalkylvinyl ether; and a non-fugitive, non-polymeric fluorinated adjuvant.    USE - Gas permeable membrane, used for separating gases in a gas mixture.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces a gas separation membrane    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Making a gas separation membrane comprises mixing a fluoropolymer comprising a monomer which is TFE, chlorotrifluoroethylene, PDD, 2,2,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxole hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, or a perfluoroalkylvinyl ether; and a non-fugitive, non-polymeric fluorinated adjuvant to obtain a uniform composition of which the fluoropolymer comprises a major fraction. A nonporous gas permeable membrane of 0.05-50 micron thick is fabricated from the composition.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for separating gases present in a gas mixture, by contacting the gas mixture with a side of a selectively gas permeable membrane.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell module has at least two rectangular fuel cells each incorporating anode with current collector and insulating frame over its periphery to form anode chamber; cathode with current collector and insulating frame over periphery to form cathode chamber; and electrolyte chamber with insulating frame between anode and cathode; insulating frames arranged over periphery are provided with holes for inlet and outlet of hydrogen, oxygen/air, and electrolyte as well as ducts to provide communication between these holes and respective chambers. All holes and ducts are made on upper and lower sides of insulating frames; current collectors are brought out of fuel cells through sides of insulating frames. Holes for admitting hydrogen to anode chambers and discharging it therefrom are located on upper side of insulating frames. Those for oxygen/air inlet to cathode chambers are arranged on upper side of frame and holes for oxygen/air outlet, on lower side of insulating frame s; ratio of areas of oxygen/air outlet and inlet holes is 1.9 to 2.2. Holes for admitting electrolyte to electrolyte chambers are provided on lower side of frames and those for its discharging, on upper side of insulating frames; ratio of areas of electrolyte outlet and inlet holes is 1.7 to 2.0. Each of electrolyte inlet and outlet holes communicates with respective electrolyte chamber by means of two bow-shaped ducts; electrolyte inlet and outlet holes and bow-shaped ducts embrace all remaining holes over outer perimeter to form heat shield. Process holes are made on lower side of insulating frames which communicate with anode chambers of fuel cells. Fuel cell battery is built around mentioned modules.    USE - Fuel cells for producing modules and batteries around them.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitated harnessing, enhanced operating reliability. 28 cl, 2 dwg
NOVELTY - Application of digested waste under anaerobic condition for clarification of soil and ground water, is new.    USE - For clarification of soil and underground water.    ADVANTAGE - Application of digested waste liquid for clarification of soil and underground water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for clarification of soil and/or underground water using recovered digested liquid obtained by anaerobic digestion of waste followed separation of soil and liquid, particularly by mixing soil with the digested waste liquid, especially at 1-10 %, by weight to 1 kg of soil, and allow to stand still under anaerobic condition, and a composition used for the clarification.
NOVELTY - A heat developing photosensitive material comprises a non-photosensitive silver salt, a photosensitive silver halide and a binder on a base, a nucleus-forming agent and a surface active agent.    USE - Used in making a photographic plate, in particular, for a scanner and an image setter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A heat developing photosensitive material comprises:    (1) a non-photosensitive silver salt;    (2) a photosensitive silver halide of formula (F) and a binder on a base;    (3) a nucleus-forming agent selected from a substituted alkene derivative, a substituted isoxazole derivative or a specific acetal compound, represented by formulae (1) - (3); and    (4) a surface active agent.    (Rf-(Rc)n)m-Z (F)    Rf = perfluoroalkyl;    Rc = alkylene;    Z = anionic group, cationic group, betaine group or nonionic polar group;    n = integer of 0 - 1;    m = integer of 1 - 3;    R1 - R3 = respectively H or substituent;    Z1 = electron attracting group;    R1 and Z; R2 and R3; R1 and R2; and R3 and Z = are optionally combined to form cyclic structure;    R4 = substituent;    X, Y = independently H or substituent;    A, B = independently alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, aryloxy, arylthio, anilino, heterocyclic oxy, heterocyclic thio or heterocyclic amino; and    X and Y, or A and B = optionally combined to form cyclic structure.
NOVELTY - A saccharide is formed by reacting an enzyme (2) on cellulose group waste material (1) at treatment point (A) (100). The obtained saccharide-containing liquid (4) is conveyed to another treatment point (B) and fermented. An enzyme is produced in the treatment point (B) and the produced enzyme is conveyed back to treatment point (A), and cellulose group waste material is processed.    USE - For processing domestic and commercial cellulose group waste materials, agricultural waste materials such as rice and wheat straws, pulp sludge, foodstuffs, fibrous industrial waste and used papers.    ADVANTAGE - The cellulose group waste material processing efficiency is increased and valuable products are produced from the obtained saccharide. The feasibility of recycling the waste material is increased greatly. By performing the enzyme conveyance and saccharide conveyance using the same conveyance unit, conveyance efficiency is increased and cost reduction is attained. By utilizing the heat energy obtained by burning the residual solid content produced inside the system, wastage of heat energy is reduced and further cost reduction is attained. The overall waste material processing is carried out inexpensively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the processing system of the waste material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cellulose group waste material (1)    Enzyme (2)    Saccharide-containing liquid (4)    Treatment point (100)
NOVELTY - An annular endless chain (6) attached with a scraper (7) on the outer periphery, to drive the scraper along vertical direction.    USE - For compost fermentation stirring device used for manufacturing odorless ripe organic fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - Improvement of stirring fermentation is achieved by continuous driving of chain. Adherence of stirring object is avoided by the exact fitting of scraper. Weight reduction and economical manufacturing is possible due to the simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of the scraper attachment.    Annular endless chain (6)    Scraper (7)
NOVELTY - An inlet (45a) for introducing hot reactive gas, is provided near an anode and inlets (42a,43a) for supplying air are provided near cathode.    USE - Flat plate solid oxide fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Damage of fuel cell due to thermal stress generated between elements of the cell is prevented effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded view of the flat plate solid oxide fuel cell.    Air inlets(45a) Heating gas inlet (42a,42)
NOVELTY - A thermal decomposition equipment (31) of a waste plastic processing apparatus (B) decomposes the waste plastic. A cracked distillation drum (32) condenses the oil vapor produced by the decomposition equipment. The light gas released from the cracked distillation drum, is supplied to a power generating device (A) and a light gas buffer tank (35).    USE - Waste plastic processing and electricity generation integrated system.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of driving of the whole system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell power generation device is driven by a fixed electricity generation load. The flow rate of light gas generated from cracked distillation drum, is controlled by changing the temperature of the cracked distillation drum with a heat regulation apparatus provided in the drum. The flow rate of light gas released from the buffer tank, is controlled by changing the temperature of the buffer tank with another heat regulation apparatus provided in the tank. The heating burner for combustion of light gas at high temperature, has a thermometer to monitor the temperature of the burner and a flow rate controller to adjust the flow rate of the light gas according to a signal from the thermometer. The exhaust gas line supplies exhaust gas from the heating burner to the power generation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the waste plastic processing and electricity generation integrated system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thermal decomposition equipment (31)    Cracked distillation drum (32)    Light gas buffer tank (35)    Power generating device (A)    Waste plastic processing apparatus (B)
NOVELTY - The integrated system of waste plastic processing apparatus and fuel cell, has thermal decomposition apparatus (31) for thermally decomposing waste plastic, and fuel cell (A). The gas generated during the decomposition is introduced into the fuel cell through the transduction line (42).    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the integrated system of fuel cell and waste plastic processing apparatus is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the integrated system of fuel cell and waste plastic processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thermal decomposition apparatus (31)    Cracked distillate drum (32)    Heating burner (37)    Transduction lines (42,43)    Flow regulating valves (50a-50e)    Connection line (51)    Oil recovery tower (55)    Control apparatus (60)    Fuel cell (A)
NOVELTY - Distillation drum (32) condenses oil steam produced during thermal decomposition of waste plastic item in a decomposition apparatus (31). The produced light gas is supplied to a modifier (2) of a power generation device (A) through supply line (42). The steam generated by waste heat recovery boiler (40) of power generation device, is supplied to decomposition apparatus and supply line by a steam line (54).    USE - Integrated waste plastic item processing/fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - An increase in efficiency of the driving of the integrated waste plastic item processing/fuel cell electric power generation system, is attained by utilizing the hot steam produced during thermal decomposition of the waste plastic item, for fuel cell power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier modifies the light gas to hydrogen rich gas to be supplied to a fuel cell. A heating burner (37) of the power generation device is also supplied with the light gas through a supply line (43). The supply lines are provided with respective flow regulating valves which are controlled based on the electricity load of the fuel cell power generation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the integrated waste plastic item processing/fuel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (2)    Waste plastic item decomposition apparatus (31)    Cracked distillation drum (32)    Heating burner (37)    Waste heat recovery boiler (40)    Supply lines (42,43)    Steam line (54)    Fuel cell power generation device (A)
NOVELTY - A gas refiner removes a siloxane compound present in sewage gas. The refined gas is fed to a gas engine (101) which is coupled to a generator (102) for generating power using the rotation force of the gas engine.    USE - For generating power using sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The power generation structure design is miniaturized, and the maintenance and catalyst exchange interval are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sewage gas refiner has a dehumidification cooler to condense the water which cools the sewage gas, a mist separator to remove the smoke dust and a gas booster to raise the temperature of the sewage gas. The exhaust gas from the gas engine is passed to a denitration catalyst apparatus in order to remove the nitrogen oxide present in it. The tank to which the exhaust gas from the gas engine is fed has a lateral width of 7000 mm, a depth of 3000 mm and a height of 4000 mm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the sewage gas refining installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas engine (101)    Generator (102)
NOVELTY - A solid-liquid separator (30) drains a ground organic refuse which is processed in a rotary treatment tank (40). A saucer tank (50) stores the process liquid in lower portion of the tank (40). The process liquid is transferred from the saucer tank to a drainage pipe (81) through the aerobic treatment tanks (60,70), settling tanks (64,74) and a trap structure (80).    USE - For organic refuse ejected from kitchen and sewage treatment unit.    ADVANTAGE - Improves decomposing ability by treating in aerobic treatment tanks and settling tanks repeatedly. Compact apparatus of high processing ability is offered. Recovery of processed refuse is also convenient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of organic refuse processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solid-liquid separator (30)    Rotary treatment tank (40)    Saucer tank (50)    Aerobic treatment tanks (60,70)    Settling tanks (64,74)    Trap structure (80)    Drainage pipe (81)
NOVELTY - An opening (8) provided between a lid (2) and a treatment tank (3), connects the tank and outside of a frame (1). The opening is smaller than the cross-section area of vent hole (7a) of a gas spillway (7). External air is sucked through the opening into the treatment tank by a ventilation fan (6).    USE - For organic refuse decompose-treating machine.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of odor is prevented reliably, as there is no leakage of cracked gas from treatment tank and lid. Odor in the lid is also removed by sucking external air through the opening into the tank. Efficiency of decompose-treating capability is improved by accelerating microorganism activity due to supply of external air into tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of organic refuse decompose-treating machine.    Frame (1)    Lid (2)    Treatment tank (3)    Ventilation fan (6)    Gas spillway (7)    Vent hole of gas spillway (7a)    Opening (8)
NOVELTY - A microorganism belonging to Klebsiella or Corynebacterium, has oil component decomposing ability.    USE - For processing oil components contained in soil, underground water, waste water and waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The novel microorganism has good decomposing ability for oil components containing decomposition-resistant naphthene, aroma and hydrocarbons in soil, underground water, waste water and waste material. Therefore waste water and waste material are efficiently decomposed in a short period of time using the microorganisms. The microorganisms produces surface active substance which dissolves or disperses oil component in water. The microorganism is spread easily in soil containing oil component and potentiates decompose-removal of oil component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the processing of an oil component using the above microorganisms.
NOVELTY - The microorganism carrier for waste water treatment, contains polynorbornene group resin.    USE - For waste water processing (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The microorganism carrier has excellent water resistance, wear resistance, durability and maintenance property. Exchange and replenishment of the carrier are eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Waste water treatment method using the microorganism carrier; and    (2) Waste water treatment plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline sectional view of waste water treatment tank. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A bio-active additive for fermentation of marsh gas is prepared from beta-amylase, amylase, cellulase and protease. Its advantages include high gas generating speed, high output of marsh gas and high utilization rate of raw materials.
NOVELTY - Production of stand-by gas (I) for a fuel cell array, especially a melt carbonate fuel cell array, comprises mixing a combustible gas (II) with air or another gas containing oxygen (O2), giving a first mixture (M.1), and passing (M.1) through a catalyst to convert O2 in (M.1) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and steam and produce (I) by converting the steam and higher hydrocarbons to methane and hydrogen.    USE - The process is used for producing stand-by gas for an array of fuel cells, especially molten carbonate fuel cells, which must be kept at an operating temperature of about 650 degrees C during plant interruption and maintenance periods.    ADVANTAGE - Existing stand-by gas consists mainly of hydrogen or of nitrogen mixed with a reducing gas. The present stand-by gas need not be prepared especially in advance, as it is produced as needed in the fuel cell array. This saves the need for large storage tanks. In addition, the permissible stoppage time is not limited by the size of a limited storage tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell array, especially melt carbonate fuel cell array, which has means of producing    (I) in addition to fuel cell(s), each with an anode and cathode,    (II) supply to the anode, cathode gas supply and catalytic unit for preparing (II).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell array kept at the operating temperature during stoppage by supplying the stand-by gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell(s) (2)    Combustible gas inlet to anode (3)    Cathode gas inlet to cathode (4)    Mixer for mixing combustible gas with air or other gas containing oxygen (5)    First catalyst (7)    Second catalyst (8)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen purification device is equipped with a carbon monoxide modification catalyst body (1) for removing carbon monoxide from a reformed gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam, in which the catalyst body comprises a metal oxide containing at least one element selected from Fe, Cr, Ce, Mo, W, Re and Cu and one or more noble metals of Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru.    USE - The device is for use in supplying hydrogen to solid polymer fuel cells e.g. in fuel cell power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The device can efficiently remove carbon monoxide (CO) in a reformed gas containing hydrogen, CO and steam so that highly pure hydrogen can be supplied for subsequent application.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell power generation system using the catalyst body (1) to remove CO.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a hydrogen generation apparatus with the hydrogen purification device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst body (1)    reaction chamber (2)    inlet for modified gas (3)    modified gas outlet (4)    dispersion plate (5)    heat shielding material (6)
NOVELTY - The ultra-low emission carbon material is capable of removing contaminants from a fluid. The concentrations of the contaminants in the fluid are reduced to less than 100 parts-per-billion (ppb). The ultra-low emission carbon material is stored in a substantially non-contaminating environment until contacted with the fluid.    USE - For purifier system used for purifying fluids (claimed) such as ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and chlorine.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon material and the purifier system are capable removing impurities from inert and non-reactive gases down to ppb and sub-ppb levels without concurrently emitting other impurities, such as moisture or carbon dioxide to the purified gas stream.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) A method of producing an ultra-low emission carbon material for purifying a fluid. The method involves placing a carbon material containing trace amounts of water in a reactor having a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The carbon material is heated in the reactor for at least 24 hours at about 300-800degreesC under a flow of ultra-dry inert gas. The amount of water in the inert gas exiting the reactor is measured. Heating is terminated when the concentration of water in the inert gas exiting the reactor is below about 10 ppm, to produce an ultra-low emission carbon material which is maintained in a substantially non-contaminating environment;    (2) A purifier system for purifying a fluid, comprising an ultra-low emission carbon material capable of reducing concentrations of contaminants in the fluid to less than 100 ppb. The purifier comprises a container for holding the carbon material. The container comprises an inlet and an outlet to allow the reactive fluid to flow through the container, and maintains the ultra-low emission carbon material in a substantially non-contaminating environment until the carbon material is contacted with the fluid.
NOVELTY - A residual flammable material is purged for stopping operation of hydrogen gas generating system (HGGS), by supplying air into the HGGS after determining the environmental condition that heat generated by a reaction between the residual flammable material within the HGGS and oxygen has no effect on the HGGS. The HGGS generates hydrogen gas by reforming a predetermined raw material.    USE - For stopping operation of hydrogen gas generating system and fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method involves steam purging which enables purging of predetermined or selected compounds within the residual flammable material. Steam purging promotes a temperature decrease of the system. Adverse effects due to condensation of steam and moisture freezing are prevented. The steam is supplied at a pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure to inhibit condensation. The temperature of air supplied in the air purging is reduced to reduce the temperature of the system. Thus, damage due to sudden cooling is prevented. The depressurizing promotes vaporizing of moisture absorbed in the absorbent material, thus inhibiting adverse effects by condensation within the system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) A hydrogen gas generating system which comprises a reforming portion for reforming a preset raw material, an air supply portion for supplying air to the reforming portion and a control portion for controlling the air supply portion during stopping operation; and    (2) A fuel cell system comprising hydrogen gas generating system. The fuel cell generates electricity using generated hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view showing an outline of a fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - Coupled synthesis and recovery of alcohol at or above 65 degrees C comprising coupled enzymatic oxidation-reduction of substrate using hyperthermophilic bacterial oxidoreductase enzymes, removal of product by volatilization and regeneration of pyridine nucleotides, is new.    USE - For the coupled synthesis and recovery of alcohols.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of alcohol can be accomplished at elevated temperatures which simplify the recovery of alcohol by volatilization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a cell free composition comprising glucose and aldehyde substrates, pyridine nucleotides and isolated oxidoreductase enzymes from hyperthermophilic Archaea.
NOVELTY - Producing molecular hydrogen comprises combining a photosystem I complex from a photosynthetic organism, at least one hydrogenase enzyme which catalyzes the production of molecular hydrogen, and an electron donor which donates electrons to photosystem I. Molecular hydrogen production occurs by direct electron transfer from the photosystem I complex to the hydrogenase.    USE - The method is useful for producing molecular hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The method omits exogenous electron carriers, thus losses of electron flow to destinations other than molecular hydrogen production via hydrogenase can be minimized or negated.
NOVELTY - Method (I), comprises cleaning with the use of biopreparation including waste of production of Bacillus megaterium biomass in the amount of 80-90 g/l, at 0-25 degreesC and pH 7-9 for 30 - 40 minutes.    USE - (I) is used for cleaning sewage from organic contaminants (phenols).    ADVANTAGE - (I) reduces the amount of time required for cleaning sewage and uses low cost raw materials.
NOVELTY - A process of preparing the titled pot by fermenting live excretion and then mixing bentonite and zeolite is provided. Whereby, the pot containing a large amount of nutrients necessary for growth of plants such as crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, lignin or the like is used for cultivating plants before transplanting to a field and previously prevents cutting of fine roots during transplanting and stoppage of supplying nutrients.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Live excretion is inserted into a solid-liquid separator and then the separated liquid is fermented. The fermented live excretion is ground and mixed with bentonite and zeolite, followed by kneading. The kneaded mixture is molded into the shape of a pot and dried. The pot(80) comprises a water discharge hole(81) arranged at the lower central part thereof to facilitate drainage; and a projection(82) arranged at the upper part on outer peripheral surface of the water discharge hole to improve stiffness of the pot.
NOVELTY - Provided is Burkholderia vietnamiensis which is isolated from the soil, excellently decomposes parathion and uses it as a carbon source, and is thus effectively used for the bioremediation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Burkholderia vietnamiensisB-6 (KCTC 18041P) is isolated from the soil contaminated with parathion. It is excellent in decomposing parathion and grows using parathion as a carbon source. It can also be used for the bioremediation of waste-water containing parathion.
NOVELTY - The safety valve is provided to top hob (13A) of the hydrogen tank. A heat absorption fin (26) transfers collected heat to a fusible alloy (22) that melts, when temperature of the tank is high, and connects to the valve.    USE - For hydrogen tanks used in motor vehicle such as car.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage caused to the hydrogen tank by providing heat absorption fin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plane cross-sectional view of safety valve. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hob (13A)    Fusible alloy (22)    Heat absorption fin (26)
NOVELTY - Compost manufacture using pruning refuse, involves transferring compost raw material (33) on a pallet (13) to adjacent storage sections (6), after completion of rotting down of material (33) for predetermined period, by elevating the pallet. The material (33) is dropped on pallet of section (6), from upper portion of partition (5) between the sections (6). The transfer of the material (33) is repeated for several times, to form compost.    USE - For manufacturing compost using raw materials such as pruning refuse, garden tree, weeding refuse and fallen leaves.    ADVANTAGE - Compost is produced easily, by repeating the transfer of raw material after rotting the raw material, hence stirring is easily performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for compost manufacturing equipment which includes cover (10) to cover the upper portion of each storage section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of compost manufacturing equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Partition (5)    Storage sections (6)    Cover (10)    Pallet (13)    Compost raw material (33)
NOVELTY - The oxidizing agent gas is intermittently introduced to carbon monoxide (CO) selective oxidation device (4) (CO removal device). The oxidation device carries out selective oxidation of CO contained in hydrogen-containing gas ejected from a modifier (3) by the oxidizing agent gas. The intermittent introduction of oxidizing agent gas to the CO selective oxidation device is carried out periodically.    USE - For introducing oxidizing agent gas to CO selective oxidation device using oxidizing agent introduction apparatus for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The reverse shift reaction in CO selective oxidation device is controlled, and selective oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide is accelerated. The carbon monoxide concentration in the heating gas is controlled, by increasing the flow rate of oxidizing agent gas to the selective oxidation device. Thus, the CO concentration of heating gas supplied to fuel cell is controlled reliably, and CO poisoning of fuel cell is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for introducing oxidizing agent gas to CO selective oxidation device. The apparatus consists of an injector which carries out intermittent introduction of oxidation agent gas periodically to CO selective oxidation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system equipped with oxidizing agent gas introduction apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    CO selective oxidation device (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer (2) performs a fuel modification reaction to form heating gas containing hydrogen from lower alcohols such as methanol. The fuel reformer comprises reaction portions (201,202), where the first stage reaction portion of the reformer is heat-resistant and contains copper group fuel modification catalyst.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cells and vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer effectively prevents high temperature degradation of fuel modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (2)    Reaction portions (201,202)
NOVELTY - The contaminated soil purification involves planting lawn on contaminated soil (20) containing environmental pollutants, and administering wood-rotting fungi which produces enzyme, above contaminated soil.    USE - For purifying contaminated soil by decomposing environmental pollutants.    ADVANTAGE - Since the contaminated soil purification grows lawn accelerates propagation of wood-rotting fungi and thereby accelerates productivity and activation of enzyme which decomposes environmental pollutants. The contaminated soil is efficiently purified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of wood-rotting fungi containing culture bed spread on contaminated soil.    contaminated soil (20)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell generation system comprises of an interior package (2) which is partitioned into a gas path compartment (3) and a non gas compartment (4) with a partition wall (1). A component through which flammable gas flows is placed within the gas path compartment. A part of the frame member of the package constituting the gas path compartment is provided with compartment inlets (12a,12b), a gas path compartment outlet (13) and a ventilation fan (14).    USE - Fuel cell generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a fuel cell generation system which secures its safety with the possibility of an explosion or abnormal combustion eliminated, and reduces electric power required for the ventilation to maintain its high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A component through which the flammable gas does not flow is placed within the non gas compartment, and a part of the frame member of the package of the non gas compartment is provided with a non gas compartment inlet (20), allowing a blower inlet (21) to open into an interior of the non gas compartment and allowing an air outlet (22) to open into an exterior of the package.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the fuel cell generation system.    Partition wall (1)    Interior package (2)    Gas path compartment (3)    Non gas compartment (4)    Gas compartment inlets (12a,12b)    Gas compartment outlet (13)    Ventilation fan (14)    Non gas compartment inlet (20)    Blower inlet (21)    Air outlet (22)
NOVELTY - Stainless steel separator for fuel cells has gas channels with grooves and projections, and comprises at most 0.03 mass% carbon, at most 0.03 mass% nitrogen, 16-45 mass% chromium, and 0.5-3.0 mass% molybdenum. The total content of carbon and nitrogen is not more than 0.03 mass%, and the separator has a contact resistance of at most 100 mOhm.cm2    USE - Separator for use in fuel cells, as used to power an electric vehicle or for domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - The novel separator has high durability and low contact resistance, since corrosion resistance is improved using the above composition. Thus, the power generating efficiency of the fuel cell does not decrease for long periods of use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for;    (1) A method of making the above stainless steel separator by hot rolling to form a sheet of given thickness, annealing, pickling and cutting; and    (2) A solid polymer fuel cell comprising a polymer film, electrodes and the above separator.
NOVELTY - The bipolar plate assembly is for a PEM fuel cell having a serpentine flow field formed on one side and interdigitated flow field formed on the opposite side. This is such that a single plate member is usable as an anode current collector and a cathode current collector of adjacent fuel cells. The bipolar plate assembly further includes a staggered seal (26,28,30,32) arrangement to direct gaseous reactant flow through the fuel cell such that the seal thickness is maximized while the repeat distance between adjacent fuel cells is minimized.    USE - Bipolar plates for separating adjacent fuel cells in a PEM fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The flow field geometry is such that a pressure differential occurs across where the plate touches the porous primary current collectors resulting in a higher performance than conventional bipolar plate assemblies. The assembly also incorporates a staggered seal configuration, which in conjunction with a specific port geometry, communicates gaseous reactants to each cell without requiring additional parts or components to carry the seal load.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is made for a PEM fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded isometric exploded illustration of a PEM fuel stack.    Bipolar plates (12,14,16)    Flow fields (18,20,22)    Staggered seals (26,28,30,32)
NOVELTY - A preheated micro-reformer system includes a reformer and a micro-reformer fluidly coupled to the reformer. The micro-reformer is electrically pre-heatable using a vaporizer.    USE - For fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the use of heavier weight hydrocarbons without causing system coking and reduces or eliminates the need for alternative for rapid start-up to heat the main reformer. Energy efficient and cost effective system are achieved with the use of the micro-reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the use of the above preheated micro-reformer system; and    (2) a micro-reformer apparatus.
NOVELTY - The unit (1) with a fermentation space (2) for fermenting organic substances is provided with a mechanism (26) which serves for breaking up floating cover layers (15) forming on top of such fermenting substances, and incorporates rotatable elements (3a, 3b, ...,3g) mounted on shafts (4a, 4b).    USE - For fermenting organic substances.    ADVANTAGE - Fermentation processes are speeded up. Gas generation rates are increased. The cost effectively produceable unit is simply operatable, and (if required) its operation can be automated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the proposed unit.    Fermentation space (2)    Rotatable elements (3a, 3b, ..., 3g)    Rotatable shafts (4a, 4b)    Floating cover layer (15)    Gas space (20)    Mechanism for breaking up floating cover layers (26)
NOVELTY - Method for large-scale, simultaneous methane production from liquid and solid biomass in a combination fermenter without homogenizer uses a partition wall to seal off the fermenting material.    USE - Treatment of mixtures of biomass material, e.g. manure and grass.
NOVELTY - Treatment of (un)fermented slurry involves adding a flocculant, coagulating the slurry and separating the product into liquid and solid fractions.    USE - The solid and liquid fractions are useful as fertilizers, especially for agricultural use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a product separated by the above process; and    (2) an apparatus for carrying out the above process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram for the process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Slurry (1)    Flocculant (2)    Screw conveyor (3)    Separator (4)    Liquid fraction (5)    Solid fraction. (6)
NOVELTY - Process for operating a reforming device comprises introducing a feed stream (2) to a first reformer unit (1); removing a waste stream (3) from the reformer unit; deviating a partial stream (4) from the waste stream and introducing to the feed stream so that a circulating stream is partially formed.    USE - Used for preparing hydrogen-rich gas during the start phase for producing energy in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The reforming device is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a reforming device comprising a first reformer unit (1), a valve, an inlet stream (8) and an outlet stream (15). A line (14) connects a waste stream from the first reformer unit to the feed stream fed to the reformer unit. The device also has a heater.    Preferred Features: The circulating stream is heated and conveyed by a pump (5). The circulating stream flows through a second reformer unit (6) and is heated by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. The ignition temperature of both reformer units is less than 20, preferably 10, especially 5 seconds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reforming unit.    First reformer unit (1)    Feed stream (2)    Partial stream (4)    Pump (5)    Second reformer unit (6)    Inlet stream (8)    Line (14)    Outlet stream (15)
NOVELTY - A material separation arrangement uses separation and mixing water simultaneously as hydrolysis, material separating and transport medium.    USE - Used for the mechanical-biological treatment of residual waste.    ADVANTAGE - The organic components can be separated out and fed to a fermenter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The material can be separated into floating materials, suspended materials and sinking materials in one container. The floating fraction is transferred to an overflow via a rotating removal system and removed. The suspended fraction is pumped out. The sinking fraction is removed using a sluice.
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen from carbonaceous material involves drying, gasifying; cooling and scrubbing; condensing out carbon monoxide and methane; withdrawing an H2-rich product gas; expanding the condensate in a heat exchanger to produce a lean gas; and burning the lean gas to generate high-pressure steam for operating a turbine.    USE - The hydrogen can be used as a fuel or to produce hydrogen peroxide for use as a bleaching agent in papermaking.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of hydrogen (H2) from biological waste, sewage sludge or other carbonaceous material involves drying the material with waste heat from the process; gasifying the material in a reformer (2); cooling (3) and scrubbing (4) the gas to remove impurities (e.g. tar, furans, sulfur compounds and dust); recycling part of the gas to the reformer; passing the rest of the gas to a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorber (5); condensing out carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) in an H2 enrichment step (6) using electricity generated within the process; withdrawing an H2-rich product gas; expanding the condensate in a heat exchanger to produce a lean gas; and burning the lean gas and off-gas from the reformer in a boiler (7) to generate high-pressure steam for operating a turbine (8).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram for the process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (2)    Cooler (3)    Scrubber (4)    CO2 absorber (5)    H2 enrichment (6)    Boiler (7)    Turbine. (8)
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to a percolating water treating process for garbage burying field. Stabilized garbage and mineralized garbage from the garbage burying field is first utilized to constitutea biological reaction bed and the garbage percolating water is then pumped and sprayed via water distributor to the reaction bed. The percolating water is purified by means of the adsorption and degradation of the mineralized garbage before exhausted from the bed botto, and finally attains the relevant discharging standard of the state. The said process has low operation cost, and has COD, BOD,NH3-N eliminating rate as high as 90-99%. The present invention may be used widely in various garbage burying fields.
NOVELTY - A composting structure has a pair of parallel walls (50), a floor between the walls (56), an open input end (52) to the floor and an open output end (54) from the floor, and several tubes to inject air from the floor. The tubes form zones along the floor and each zone has an air flow through them which is selectable relative to flow through adjacent zones.    USE - For composting manure waste from livestock and for composting solids from waste water treatment, dry or sticky manure, sticky manure-soiled fibrous material, organic solids or mixture of sticky materials with dry manure and animal carcasses.    ADVANTAGE - The composting structure efficiently handles the manure generated from a livestock operation and animal carcasses. Waste materials after passing through the composting structure are formed as nutrient-rich compost which is used as a potting soil or a soil supplement. The compost produced is free of harmful bacteria. The composting structure can handle 25-30 days of manure from a livestock operation. The composting structure handles manure waste in a continuous manner, such that no waste needs to be stored and all waste is introduced directly to the composting structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for composting manure which involves loading the manure onto the floor at the input end of the composting structure, moving the manure towards the output end and aerating the manure by injecting air from the tubes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the composting structure.    Pair of parallel walls (50)    Long axis (50x)    Open input end (52)    Open output end (54)    Floor (56)    Turning device (57a)    Pair of wheels (58)
NOVELTY - A control device (5) switches internal electrical consumers (3) on/off optionally according to the operating state of a fuel cell system (10), from which a cooling device (4) removes excess heat. During the fuel cell system's operation part of the electric power output produced by fuel cells (1) transfers to the internal electric consumers.    USE - For supplying an electric power output to an external consumer.    ADVANTAGE - If electric power output increases/decreases to an external electrical consumer (2), the electric power output transferred to the internal electrical consumers is inversely reduced or increased in order to homogenize the electric power output produced by the fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell structure with one or more fuel cells fed with fuel gas and cathode gas to deliver electrical power to an external consumer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a basis block circuit diagram of a fuel cell structure.    Control device (5)    Internal electrical consumer (3)    Fuel cell system (10)    Cooling device (4)    Fuel cell (1)    External electrical consumer (2)
NOVELTY - A method and a system for treating organic waste in which durability and stability of treatment are enhanced while reducing residue.    USE - For treatment of organic waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method and a system for treating organic waste in which durability and stability of treatment are enhanced while reducing residue. A substance in a solid phase decomposing section is transported to a liquid phase decomposing section I and decomposed by land microorganisms at a solid phase decomposing section III. Accumulated high-viscosity products are transported to the liquid phase decomposing section I and dissolved into water before being converted into sludge by microorganisms in the water. Organic waste charged anew is cleaned at the liquid phase decomposing section I and transported to the solid phase decomposing section III together with generated sludge before being decomposed again by land microorganisms. A solid-liquid substance circulator II having double spiral structure is employed for transporting the substance in the solid phase decomposing section to the liquid phase decomposing section I and for transporting the organic waste to the solid phase decomposing section III. Furthermore, at a dehumidifying section IV, water content is separated from gas generated at the solid phase decomposing section III and returned to the liquid phase decomposing section. Finally, a minimum necessary volume of gas is fed to a deodorizing section V and exhausted as deodorized ordinary air.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises flow passages and/or flow chambers which conduct moist gases in operation. A part of the flow passages and/or flow chambers are provided with a coating (36) which takes up water in distributed form at low temperatures and releases the water again at higher temperatures.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The coatings allow the fuel cell system to operate at pronounced temperatures below zero e.g. at most -40 degrees Celsius and to ensure adequate humidification of the operating gases which protects the membranes from damage to give a more rapid start-up of the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for operating the above fuel cell system comprising absorbing moist gases with a coating after switching off of the fuel cell system. The coating is located on the inner side of the flow passages and/or flow chambers. Freezing of the water does not occur or only occurs to non-damaging extent at temperatures below zero. On recommencing the operation of the fuel cell system with heating up, the water stored by the coating is released again and is exploited for the required humidification of the gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell which is provided with a coating.    Coating (36)
NOVELTY - The diffuser is for an air mass flow controller valve (10) for fuel cells comprising of a housing (30), an inlet(20), a first bank of outlets (40), and a second bank of outlets (42). The housing has walls, which define a volume. The inlet is disposed along a first axis and is coupled to a first one (32) of the walls. The first bank of outlets is disposed along a second axis and is coupled to a second one (38) of the walls.    USE - Diffuser for an air mass flow controller valve for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The diffuser can be used to deliver laminar flow of air or any other gases to fuel cells. It also provides a method of providing an equally distributed airflow through the diffuser.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The first bank of outlets is in fluid communication with the inlet. The second bank of outlets is disposed along a third axis and is coupled to the second wall. The second bank of outlets is in fluid communication with the inlet and the first bank of outlets.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is made for a method of providing laminar and equally distributed airflow.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an orthogonal view of the air mass flow controller valve. air mass flow controller valve (10)    inlet (20)    housing (30)    first wall (32)    Second wall (38)    first bank of outlets (40)    second bank of outlets (42)
NOVELTY - New organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises: (A) manure of farm animals or poultry droppings; (B) water-soluble salts of mono- or bivalent cations and inorganic acids; (C) active biomass of nitrogen-fixing and potassium- and phosphorus-decomposing microorganisms; (D) sodium salt of gibberellic acids; (E) water-soluble salt of molybdenum; (F) water-soluble salt of boron; and (G) an organic component.    USE - As a fertilizer for plants.    ADVANTAGE - The fertilizer efficiently promotes seed sprouting, plant growth and fruit maturation. It also increases plant fruit bearing ability and resistance to plant diseases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises:    (1) manure of farm animals or poultry droppings processed by microbiological fermentation;    (2) water-soluble salts of mono- or bivalent cations and inorganic acids which contain in a bound form potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen;    (3) active biomass of nitrogen-fixing and potassium- and phosphorus-decomposing microorganisms;    (4) sodium salt of gibberellic acids;    (5) water-soluble salt of molybdenum;    (6) water-soluble salt of boron; and    (7) an organic component.
NOVELTY - New method for the preparation of organic fertilizer comprises: (1) treating high-ash coals with microorganisms; (2) mixing; (3) aerating; and (4) heating up to 25-32degreesC for 48 hours; and (5) optionally adding a ratio 0:5-1% phosphate fertilizer to the weight of solid material.    USE - For preparing organic fertilizers from high ash coal e.g. brown coal.    ADVANTAGE - The method is highly efficient.
NOVELTY - New method for the preparation of compost comprises: (1) reducing straw, layer-by-layer; (2) arranging the straw; (3) placing the straw into a quarantine reservoir and manuring for a period of 6 days; (4) mixing; and (5) stockpiling. Stockpiling is conducted with a jalousie to provide natural aeration by regulating the amount of oxygen entering into a lower part of the stockpile.    USE - For preparing compost.    ADVANTAGE - Higher quality of compost is produced in a short length of time.
NOVELTY - Provided is a method for disposing food wastes into clean liquid by dissipation using a fermenting agent consisting of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms MDG200 (KFCC-11204), thereby effectively and economically disposing food wastes and solving environmental contamination caused by them.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fermenting agent MDG200 is manufactured by mixing Bacillus Amylo-liquefaciens, Bacillus lentimobus, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mixing ratio of 1:1:1:1. The method for disposing food wastes is characterized by stirring and dissipating food wastes at regular temperature by using the fermenting agent with providing oxygen through a pipe.
NOVELTY - Provided is an externally circulated air-lift bioreactor which is minimized in its size, and equipped with separation and purification device together, improves the productivity of the second metabolites produced by plant and animal cells and immobilized product and reduce the generation of waste water by recycling waste water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The bio-reactor characteristically consists of an aeration unit(26) providing air to culture broth; a circulation unit(28) having a path to the aeration unit(26) and deaerating CO2 then recirculating it to the aeration unit(26); an outlet(30) discharging products obtained from the bio-reactor or culture; and an inlet(20) for separation and purification process or reuse.
NOVELTY - Provided is a deodorized organic fertilizer, compost, by deodorization of animal waste and rapid fermentation processes using microbes without fermentor. The deodorant composition is used for refrigerator, rest room, waste treating place, and so on.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The deodorized composition is prepared by the following steps: culturing at least one microbe selected from streptomyces sp. bacillus sp. micrococcus sp. achromobacter sp. flavobacterium sp. escherichia sp. pseudomonas sp, etc. in a liquid culture ground such as TCS or Bennett; adsorbing cultured microbes to fine lime stone powder, bentonite, zeolite or humus; drying. The compost is obtained by mixing the composition and animal waste in a ratio of 1 : 10-20; and adding saw dust, rice hull and fallen leaves powder for reducing water and an aerobic fermentation.
NOVELTY - Provided are septic tank combining odor control reagent and odor removal equipment, which is characterized in that H2S is dissolved in water by increasing pH, and ammonia is removed by odor control reagent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The odor reagent is made by mixing loess of 30-50% and elvan powder of 50-70%. The odor control reagent contains SiO2 of 45-55%, Al2O3 of 25-30%, and Fe2O3 of 10-15%. The odor control reagent is made by the following steps: (a) crushing loess with 80-100 mesh; (b) mixing with boron of 0.3-0.5%, NaCl of 0.5-0.7%, MgSO4 of 0.2-0.4%, and agar of 0.5-0.7%; (c) injecting water for water content of 20%; (d) stabilization at 30-35 deg.C for 72 hours, and drying thereof; (e) processing thereof for being 80-100 mesh; (f) mixing processed loess of 30-50% and elvan powder being 60-100 mesh of 50-70%; and (g) powdering the mixture.
NOVELTY - Provided are a stabilization system and a method for a sanitary landfill using desulfobacter, which are to accelerate the decomposition of non-degradable lignocellulose (lignin+hemicellulose+cellulose).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The stabilization system for a sanitary landfill comprises an flow equalization part for leachate generated from a landfill; a sulfide oxidation part for recovering a sulfate from leachate and an intermittent aeration part for nitrification; a recirculation part for the leachate passed from the aeration part to the lower part of a final cover layer and an effluent part for the leachate after post-treatment; and a part to inject selectively sodium sulfate into the leachate recirculated to the lower part of the final cover layer. The sulfide oxidation part can recover the sulfate(generated by thiobacillus).
NOVELTY - Provided is an aerobic system of anaerobic wastes by horizontal transfer style which places a horizontal concrete pipe by horizontal transfer style inside a reclaimed land so that it maximizes aerobic efficiency in treating wastes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The aerobic system of the anaerobic wastes by horizontal transfer style comprises the parts of: multiple horizontal concrete pipes(110) which are placed inside a waste layer(100) with certain depth from the surface of the reclaimed land; a horizontal connection pipe which is connected to one edge of the multiple horizontal concrete pipes; a tool which injects air into the waste layer or emits noxious gas from the waste layer through the horizontal concrete pipe and the horizontal connection pipe; and a biofilter which adsorbs and eliminates toxic and noxious gas component generated in injecting air or emitting noxious gas.
NOVELTY - A method for controlling a food garbage treatment equipment is provided which prevent environmental contamination by simultaneously exterminating food garbage through fermentation, removing moisture generated through dehumidification of air, and purifying partial circulated air through deodorization before discharging the purified air.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a method for controlling a food garbage treatment equipment equipped with a fermentation treatment tank, the method comprises the steps of sensing a temperature and a humidity inside the fermentation tank(S10); comparing the sensed temperature with an already set reference temperature so that the temperature inside the fermentation tank judges operation of a heater(S20); operating the heater so as to increase the temperature of the fermentation treatment tank in case that the sensed temperature is the same as or less than the reference temperature(S21); carrying out dehumidification using a dehumidifier in case that the humidity inside the fermentation tank is the same as or more than a reference humidity which is already set for judging dehumidification(S50,S60); sensing a refrigerant discharging pressure of a compressor(S70); comparing the refrigerant discharging pressure with a reference pressure which is already set for judging the external temperature environment(S80); and stopping operation of a cooling fan of the dehumidifier in case that the discharging pressure of the compressor is the same or less than the reference pressure(S90).
NOVELTY - A high temperature gas passageway (16) connects a heating chamber (19) of a dry distillation chamber (18) and a combustion chamber (15), for passing high temperature gas to the heating chamber provided for heating the dry distillation chamber. A dehumidifier (31) is installed in a carbonization gas passageway (26) which connects the dry distillation chamber and the combustion chamber.    USE - For carrying out carbonization of waste material generated in e.g. kitchens.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents incomplete combustion in the combustion chamber, because dehumidified carbonization gas is supplied to the combustion chamber from the dry distillation chamber. Release of bad odor from the apparatus is prevented, as the carbonization gas is dehumidified reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The dehumidifier has a water outlet (34) which is connected to the dry distillation chamber by a selector valve (33). A controller is provided in the dehumidifier for regulating the connection between the dry distillation chamber and the combustion chamber. When detected temperature in the dehumidifier is more than a preset value, the combustion chamber and dry distillation chamber are connected. A duct is provided to guide the carbonization gas ejected from the water collection unit of water outlet of dehumidifier, to inlet of a ventilation fan (20) arranged in the combustion chamber. When the detected humidity in the dehumidifier is less than a preset value, the controller enables connecting the combustion chamber and the dry distillation chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the carbonization apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion chamber (15)    High temperature gas passageway (16)    Dry distillation chamber (18)    Heating chamber (19)    Ventilation fan (20)    Carbonization gas passageway (26)    Dehumidifier (31)    Selector valve (33)    Water outlet (34)
NOVELTY - A high-temperature heat resistant steel cylindrical furnace (21) is rotatably connected between a chute (3) and a discharge port (7). Flues (48,49) are provided in the chute and a hot-air jacket (23). A circulatory system exhaust gas device (10) with gas treatment equipment (45,46), is connected to the discharge port for heat recovery.    USE - For industrial waste material, e.g. timbers, old tires and organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Provides favorable workability and processing capability irrespective of the type and size of the waste material. The waste material is carbonized efficiently, as an exhaust device is connected to the discharge port, thereby heat is supplied only to the cylinder in the furnace, and thermal efficiency is improved. Waste gas without harmless components is recovered efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The chute is inclined to provide a chimney effect between the insertion opening (1) and a carbonization furnace (5). A screw peak (39) is provided in the internal surface of the furnace (21). The insertion opening provided to the upper and lower chambers (12,13) is opened and closed with the elevation lids (16,17). The drop openings (14,15) are tapered so that the peripheral surface of the elevation lids are inserted tightly into the internal surface of the drop openings.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial cross-sectional view of the carbonization apparatus.    Insertion opening (1)    Chute (3)    Carbonization furnace (5)    Discharge port (7)    Exhaust gas device (10)    Upper and lower chambers (12,13)    Drop openings (14,15)    Elevation lids(21) Furnace (16,17)    Hot-air jacket (23)    Screw peak (39)    Gas treatment equipment (45,46)    Flues (48,49)
NOVELTY - A drain containing nitrate and nitrite from bottom of a reactor (1), contacts with denitrifying bacteria aggregated in high concentration within the reactor. The water treatment granules received from upper portion of the reactor are crushed in an aerator (8). The granules after crushing are separated and supplied back to the reactor.    USE - For sludge treatment.    ADVANTAGE - Floating of granules in reactor and reduction of the sludge concentration in tower caused by effusion are prevented. Provides biological denitrification apparatus which maintains denitrifying bacteria in high concentration and performs efficient denitrification process in reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the biological denitrification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reactor (1)    Aerator (8)
NOVELTY - Organic waste deodorization comprises that paper sludge and anaerobic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and yeast are mixed with the organic waste, where the content of water in the mixture is adjusted and the obtained mixture is fermented at a biologically active temperature.    USE - The method is used for organic refuse deodorization.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents an unpleasant smell generated from organic waste. The treated organic waste is effectively used as nutritious feed for livestock. The treated organic waste such as waste of pig, cattle and hen, is also used as fertilizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic waste deodorizing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of the organic waste deodorization apparatus.
NOVELTY - The composting plant consists of a grinder which can be mobile and common to a number of plants, a premixing area where dehydrated sludge is mixed with a carboniferous structuring material, and one or more composting chambers with perforated floors linked by pipes to air suction or blowing manifolds with fans. The air drawn through the sludge while it is undergoing aerobic fermentation is passed through a deodorizer in the form of a biological deodorizing column before being released into the atmosphere. The plant incorporates condensate extractors to protect the blower/suction fans, and each composting chamber has temperature and pressure measuring probes for automated control of ventilation.    USE - Composting sludge from water treatment stations.    ADVANTAGE - The sludge can be composted on site, saving handling and transport costs, and yielding a stabilized, attractive and deodorized product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow chart of the composting procedure. (Drawing contains non-English language text)
NOVELTY - A mat material (80) is arranged in fluid communication with an inlet portion of a fuel reforming zone of a reformer system (86). A flame arrester is fluidly coupled to the mat material and is opposite to the reforming zone.    USE - For managing the temperature and reaction of fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuels in fuel reformer systems for energy conversion devices.    ADVANTAGE - The combination of the mat material and an optional flame arrester improves the turn-down ratio of the reformer system such that a greater quantity of fuel is processed into the reformate. The combination also facilitates reforming fuel with low pressure drop, such as a decrease of a few percent of the entire system, rather than a pressure increase when gas phase reactions occur.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a temperature and reaction managing method; and    (2) a fuel reformer system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel reformer system coupled to the temperature/reaction management system.    Mat material (80)    Reformer system (86)
NOVELTY - The temperature at an inlet (70) of a fuel reformer (22) is detected and accordingly heated air (48) is supplied to the reformer.    USE - For controlling the temperature at a fuel reformer in a dual air actuator system (claimed) used in gasoline and diesel engines of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As the heated air is supplied based on the detected temperature, a stable, regular, and uniform air/fuel ratio is maintained within the reformer, thus coking and deposition of soot in the fuel reformer is prevented and the efficiency of the reformer is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a dual air actuator system; and    (2) the production of electrical power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the dual air actuator system.    Fuel reformer (22)    Heated air (48)    Inlet (70)
NOVELTY - An environment protection type granular fuel is prepared from wood, saw dust, and straw, stalk, root, stem and leaf of plant through removing impurities, breaking by bundles to the size less than 3mm,proportionally mixing them with water, calcium dicarbonate, combustion promoter (plant oil) and adhesive, stirring and granulating.
NOVELTY - A gas-engine set with the function of gasifying straw or stalk is composed of raw material feeder, gas generator, cleaning unit with multi-layer filter, gas holder, washing tower communicated to the said cleaning unit, cooling water tank under the washing tower and with showering unit, gas-water separator communicated to the cleaning unit, boosting blower, water seal and secondary separator. Its advantages include high gasifying efficiency, high capacity of stored gas, and high gas purity.
NOVELTY - Nitrogen oxides and laughing gas are simultaneously removed from a gas stream containing nitrogen oxides and laughing gas by using a first catalyst that contains cobalt and an inorganic metal oxide as support, and a second catalyst that contains iron and an inorganic metal oxide as support.    USE - For the simultaneous removal of NOx and N2O from a gas stream containing NOx and N2O in nitric acid plant (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The simultaneous removal of NOx and N2O in the invention can effectively take place over a broad temperature range. It can achieve high degrees of conversion at low temperatures, even in high gas hourly space velocities (GHSV).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a catalyst system for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and laughing gas (N2O) from a gas stream containing NOx and N2O by means of a reducing gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a nitrogen oxide conversion by catalyst I (Co-ZSM-5) and/or catalyst II (Fe-ZSM-5).
NOVELTY - Product stream (S1) of methane, nitrogen (N2) and reduced level of hydrocarbon (HC), is formed by adsorbing C4+ HC from natural gas stream (NGS), by HC selective sorbent in first pressure swing adsorption unit (PSA). N2 in S1 is adsorbed by N2 selective sorbent in second PSA to form methane rich stream and low purge stream with higher molar concentration of N2 than S1, and N2 and HC are separated from NGS.    USE - For separating nitrogen and hydrocarbon such as methane, to purify natural gas stream.    ADVANTAGE - The process is commercially viable, and enables to separate highly concentrated methane product with high process efficiency. The method maintains peak efficiency of nitrogen-selective adsorbent during pressure swing adsorption separation of nitrogen from natural gas. The method also recovers hydrocarbon with high efficiency, and the recovered hydrocarbon is used to provide additional heat value to methane product stream. The heavier hydrocarbon adsorbed on nitrogen-selective adsorbent, which leaves the pressure swing adsorption process as waste is recovered into a sales gas. The BTU value of the recovered hydrocarbons are added to methane sales gas and not wasted. The heating of off-line nitrogen-selective adsorbent bed with methane product to drive-off co-adsorbed methane and increase nitrogen adsorbent capacity, enables to obtain a highly pure methane product. The hydrocarbon selective sorbent can be regenerated by purging the bed with product methane gas stream, and the nitrogen-selective sorbent can be regenerated thermally. The methane product separated has high heat value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the integrated pressure swing adsorption process for removing nitrogen from natural gas.    Pressure swing adsorption units (20,30)
NOVELTY - Foamed cellular particles are made of expandable polymer particles, and has bulk density of 34.3-12.5 pounds/cubic foot. The foamed cellular particles comprise less than 6 weight% of blowing agent based on the polymer. The weight loss of the blowing agent after preset time at room temperature is less than 15-50% when compared to the expandable particles at room temperature for same time period.    USE - For use in foam articles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The improved foamed cellular particles have reduced bulk density, cell structure with a substantially fixed number of cells, and reduced amount of blowing agent. The improved system for preparing expandable polymer particles and for optimizing the shipping of the particles to the foam molder, is provided. The polymer particles are packed using lighter and less expensive resin packages. The VOC emissions in the plant of the foam molder are reduced thereby allowing a greater production rate of foam particles in the foam molder's site and/or reducing the need of pentane collection equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a system for extending shelf life of expandable polymer particles;    (2) a foam article which is formed from the foamed cellular particles, has bulk density of 0.50-6 pounds/cubic foot;    (3) preparation of foamed cellular particles which involves heating expandable polymer particles having bulk density of 40-32 pounds/cubic foot and having blowing agent (less than 10) to form cellular particles having bulk density of 34.3-12.5 pounds/cubic foot and comprising blowing agent (less than 6);    (4) a system for optimizing the shipping and packaging of polymer particles which comprises packaging the foamed cellular particles, and transporting the particles at total shipment weight equal to total shipment weight of expandable particles.
NOVELTY - A power generator attached detachably to a fuel charging portion has a fuel cell for generating power by electrochemical reaction using the fuel supplied from a fuel charging portion. The fuel charging portion is provided with a degradable portion formed with the bio-degradable materials and plastics that are degraded by microbes and by the contact with soil in natural environment.    USE - Power supply system such as removable general purpose cell like secondary cell, fuel cell for mobile telephone, personal digital assistant, notebook computer, digital video camera, digital still camera, liquid crystal display, electroluminescent display.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces environmental destruction of disfigurement of waste materials. Enables to obtain cell with high energy utilization efficiency, by eliminating wasteful discharge operation. Detects reduction in voltage output to display residual charge and to initiate replacement or charging operation. Reduces wastage of resources by replacing the necessary portions only. Enables to decompose battery without retaining the original shape. Facilitates easy replacement of new generator, as power generator is detachably attached. Reduces cost by removing expired fuel cells and by eliminating the need for replacement by using detachable power supply. Reduces emission of harmful substances. Informs residual charge to user continuously or periodically. Reduces generation of operation errors by reducing variation in output voltage. Prevents deterioration in power generating conditions due to error of charging conditions, to provide a reliable power supply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Fuel pack;    (2) Power generator; and    (3) Electrically driven device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of power generation module.
NOVELTY - The fuel processing system has a sulfur-removal assembly (40) and a fuel processor (20). The assembly has a bed (44) for receiving a stream of feedstock (28) containing carbon and sulfur compounds. The bed contains a sulfur-absorbent material which reduces the sulfur compound amount and catalyzes the conversion of carbon monoxide and water to form hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide below 350 degrees C.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processing system has improved sulfur-removal assembly, which removes sulfur compound from feedstock containing carbon, with high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel processing system comprises a sulfur-removal assembly and a fuel processor. The assembly comprises at least one sulfur-absorbent bed (44) adapted to receive a stream of feedstock containing carbon and sulfur compounds. The bed contains a sulfur-adsorbent material which is adapted to reduce concentration of the sulfur compounds in the stream and to catalyze the conversion of carbon monoxide and water to yield hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide below 350 degrees C. The fuel processor receives feed stream of carbon-containing feedstock from the sulfur-removal assembly, and produces a product hydrogen stream containing hydrogen gas.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a steam reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the fuel processing system comprising controller adapted to monitor status of sulfur-removal assembly.    Fuel processor (20)    Feedstock (28)    Sulfur-removal assembly (40)    Sulfur-absorbent bed (44)
NOVELTY - Waste water pretreatment tank assembly to be interposed between a waste water source and a sewer system that leads to a downstream sewage treatment facility, comprising: (a) several divider walls and baffle plates define a primary chamber; (b) a biological filtration chamber and a recycle chamber; (c) a sludge evacuation conduit in the recycle chamber, is new.    USE - For pre-treatment of waste water in homes so as to be discharged to municipal sewer system.    ADVANTAGE - The household waste material is discharged into municipal sewer system by utilization of an efficient biological organism digesting process, thus eliminating the need for addition of chemicals or chemical treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Waste water pretreatment tank assembly to be interposed between a waste water source and a sewer system that leads to a downstream sewage treatment facility, comprising:    (a) a shell having first and second weirs interposed between end walls;    (b) a divider wall between top and bottom of shell;    (c) means coupled to waste water source;    (d) a second activated sludge chamber and means for removing suspended solids from the waste water that has spilled from the first chamber;    (e) a settling chamber including means for recycling solids into second chamber to enhance activated sludge processing;    (f) a biological filtration chamber including means for biologically removing ammonia and BOD from waste water;    (g) a drain overflow for directing treated waste water into sewer system; and    (h) a sludge evacuation conduit, is new.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational view of waste water pre-treatment unit.    Primary chamber (30)    Recycle chamber (40)    Biological filtration chamber (50)
NOVELTY - Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is produced using sewage sludge and waste water and combustible waste and dried food waste is provided, which uses the RDF product as a fuel for the RDF manufacturing plant and recycles waste as a useful fuel for various users, reducing waste delivery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of RDF comprises mixing and crushing, by feeding at a fixed ratio to a mixing conveyor (3), 50% sludge cake, organic matter received from a sewage treating process, 30% dried food waste and 20% powdered combustible waste having a high heating value (e.g. waste tires, waste vinyl, waste expanded polystyrene, waste PET and waste HDPE), preparing moldings of a fixed size by feeding the mixture of sludge cake, dried food waste and powder of combustible waste to a molder (4), drying the moldings in a drier (8), to which hot air is supplied from a combustion device (6) and feeding the dried moldings to the combustion device at a fixed rate.
NOVELTY - A processing method for food waste comprises mixing pulverized food waste with styrofoam, evaporating water from food waste, fermenting waste with air and separating the styrofoam.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A food waste processing method consists of pulverizing food to a paste, a mixing the pulverized food waste with Styrofoam, and loading the Styrofoam mixed with food waste. Then, water is evaporated from the food waste and food waste fermented with air. Finally, Styrofoam is separated from the fermented food waste. Due to the pulverizing step, the surface area of food waste is maximized, water is easily evaporated from food waste and food waste is fermented in an aerobic state. During the mixing step, the pulverized food waste is thinly coated on the Styrofoam. At that time, the particle size of Styrofoam is about 3 to 5mm and maximum porosity is kept in 40%. Heat generated from food waste is kept in the loading step. Due to the pile of Styrofoam, entire heat efficiency is increased. Therefore, food waste is incinerated without additional fuel and toxic compound is suppressed.
NOVELTY - A method for fabricating bacterial media using paper sludge is provided to condition soil enrichment by culturing bacteria into the media. Also, the media is used as insecticide when sprinkled on polluted land and plant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fabrication method of media includes: (i) crushing paper sludge having a water content of 45-55%; (ii) mixing bacteria with crushed paper sludge; (iii) making mixture of bacteria and crushed paper sludge into corpuscle by applying water containing clay; and (iv) drying at less than 90 deg.C with 10% of water content.
NOVELTY - The waste materials are incinerated in a incinerator or in a melting furnace to generate reducibility gas, such as carbon monoxide gas, hydrogen gas, methane, ethane gas. The generated gas is recycled as energy.    USE - For recycling waste, for industrial and general wastes.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of waste processing plant.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of coal ash-containing compost, involves fermenting mixture of organic waste and coal ash by passing airflow at preset rate.    USE - For manufacture of coal ash-containing compost from organic waste, such as livestock excrements.    ADVANTAGE - Volatilization of bad odor produced in the composting process of the organic waste, is satisfactorily inhibited by adjusting the surface area of the coal ash and calcium oxide content. Since organic waste comprising livestock excrements and coal ash ejected from thermal power station, which are the causes for environmental pollution, are effectively utilized as raw material, the coal ash-containing compost is manufactured inexpensively. The compost with favorable growth promoting effect, is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of a coal ash-containing compost, involves fermenting a mixture of organic waste and coal ash. The organic waste has moisture content of 30-85 weight% (wt.%) and carrier-to-noise ratio of 5-60. The mixture has pH of 8-11. The coal ash has surface area of 0.3 m2/g or more, and contains 1-5 wt.% of calcium oxide, so that the moisture content of the mixture is 60 wt.% or less. The mixture is fermented by passing airflow at a rate of 0.1-3 liters/minute per 1 kg dried weight of the organic waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the rough example of composting test device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas formation equipment (100) has chemical reaction portion having hydrogen gas outlet (60), raw material supplying unit (10), thermal protection structure isolating reaction portion thermally from the outside and air-tight case (70) for covering reaction portion. Heat-resistant particles prevent contact between the reaction portion and air-tight case.    USE - For hydrogen gas formation by modification reaction of gasoline, alcohol, ether and aldehyde.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas formation equipment is economical and easy to handle. The apparatus has a high temperature portion and is insulated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of hydrogen gas formation apparatus, which involves preparing an air-tight case for covering the chemical reaction portion, packing the heat-resistant particles in the void of the case, inserting the chemical reaction portion in the case and carrying out vacuum suction of the case.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the outline composition of the hydrogen formation equipment which uses gasoline as reformation raw material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Raw material supplying unit (10)    Cooling portion (35)    Hydrogen gas outlet (60)    Case (70)    Gas formation equipment (100)
NOVELTY - The method involves supplying concentrated biomass alcohol (E), obtained by fermenting a biomass in a fermenter (11), and pressurized oxygen gas to a reactor (20) simultaneously. The water vapor produced during heating of the biomass alcohol by oxidation in an aqueous medium such as wet oxidation or supercritical water is utilized for electricity generation.    USE - For using heat produced during combustion of biomass alcohol, such as ethanol obtained from biomass, such as timber, agricultural product, algae, plankton and waste material,s for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The water vapor of high temperature is directly generated due to the oxidation of the biomass alcohol in aqueous medium. Hence, the thermal efficiency of the combustion heat utilization system is high. Since no harmful components are present in the exhaust gas, a requirement for processing the exhaust gas is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The biomass alcohol is heated in a range of 30-350degreesC and the concentration of the oxygen gas is 20-100%. The oxidation process is carried out in a pressure range of 5-60MPa and at a temperature range of 50-650degreesC.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for biomass alcohol combustion heat use system which includes biomass alcohol supply apparatus (10) and an oxygen gas supply apparatus (30) which respectively supply concentrated biomass alcohol and pressurized oxygen gas to the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the biomass alcohol electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Apparatus (10)    Fermenter (11)    Reactor (20)    Oxygen gas supply apparatus (30)    Biomass alcohol (E)
NOVELTY - Strong base is added to organic refuse to form fluid decomposition product to which a strong acid is added. The decomposition product is subjected to anaerobic fermentation. Calcined lime or soft dolomite powder is then added to form high temperature gas and inflammable reaction gas. Fine powder of snow-white color is recovered, and acetone and isopropyl alcohol are added to form inflammable liquid.    USE - For producing inflammable liquid from organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The method effectively produces inflammable liquid from organic refuse such as municipal solid waste, quickly performs anaerobic fermentation, and recovers energy as inflammable liquid. The method is safe, and the recovered snow-white color fine powder can be recycled as soil improvement material and nutrient supplement material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A strong base which does not contain chlorine is added to organic refuse containing no chlorine and mixed to form a fluid decomposition product. A strong acid which does not contain chlorine is added to the decomposition product to make it neutral. The neutral decomposition product is added with anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic fermentation is accelerated. Calcined lime powder or soft dolomite powder is added to the fermented mixture and stirred to form high temperature gas that generates high temperature thermal reaction, and to form inflammable reaction gas. Fine powder of snow-white color is recovered after cooling, and separated. Acetone and isopropyl alcohol are added and an inflammable liquid is produced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of disposal plant apparatus for producing inflammable liquid.    Organic refuse tank (1)    Storage tanks (2,3)    Calcined lime storage tank (12)    Fine powder recovery tank (34)    Fluid decomposition product storage tank (38)
NOVELTY - Organic substance is added to the amino acid- or nucleic acid-containing byproduct liquid as a nitrogen source and to promote rotting, such that carbon to nitrogen conversion rate is 15-35, during manufacture of compost. The pH is adjusted to 6.5-8.5 and water content is adjusted to 50-65%, and deposition fermentation is carried out.    USE - For manufacturing compost.    ADVANTAGE - Compost which improves the soil quality by replenishing nutrients effectively, is manufactured easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic substance is added to the amino acid-containing byproduct liquid or nucleic acid-containing byproduct liquid as a source of nitrogen and to promote rotting, such that carbon to nitrogen conversion rate is 15-35, during manufacture of compost. The nucleic acid or amino acid containing byproduct liquid is produced by nucleotide or amino acid fermentation, which makes a treacle group or starch group as raw material. The pH is adjusted to 6.5-8.5 and water content is adjusted to 50-65%, and deposition fermentation is carried out.
NOVELTY - The secondary fermentation of predetermined compost is performed using a wooden material. The secondary fermented material is added and mixed with contaminants containing pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or compound having similar structure. The pollutant is decomposed by the microorganism in the fermented material.    USE - For decomposing pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon e.g. phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene, and aliphatic hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE - The pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, or compounds of similar structure, are decomposed effectively by the microorganism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for additive for pollutants, which contains secondary fermented predetermined compost.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of inoculum growth compost comprises adding aerobic fermentation microorganism to chip material obtained by crushing waste material of trees, to obtain a deposition component. Air is introduced to the component and the chip material is fermented. Air heated by fermentation heat is circulated in the component and fermentation is accelerated and inoculum growth compost is obtained.    USE - Used for producing organic fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality fertilizer is produced inexpensively. The fertilizer has large amount of organic nitrogen. Energy cost is reduced. The inoculum growth compost with large practical value prevents cellulose damage or lignin damage of waste material of trees.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of organic fertilizer which involves depositing an inoculum growth compost on chip material and fermenting the chip material.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of liquid fertilizer comprises methane fermenting organic waste under anaerobic conditions to form a supernatant liquid, from which gas component is desorbed to form organic fertilizer.    USE - Used for manufacturing liquid fertilizer used for cultivation, from organic waste such as garbage and stock raising waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The environmental pollution due to the manufacture of liquid fertilizer is eliminated. Since the fertilizer is manufactured from organic waste, the amount of disposed organic waste is reduced, and the need of chemical fertilizer is eliminated. The supernatant liquid obtained has wide usage, and disposal of the supernatant liquid in rivers is eliminated. Since the solid content is removed from the supernatant liquid, the clogging of pipes and nozzle of the installation used for cultivation is eliminated. The precipitation of the supernatant liquid is eliminated. The liquid fertilizer improves crop growth without any inhibition. The supernatant liquid is passed easily to the cultivation facility and is stored easily.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of gas containing hydrogen, methane and/or carbon monoxide involves gasification of at least a portion of a fossil fuel in presence of water vapor, and in supercritical or subcritical state of carbon dioxide.    USE - For manufacture of gas containing hydrogen, methane and/or carbon dioxide by gasification of a fossil fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The gas containing hydrogen, methane and/or carbon monoxide is produced efficiently under mild conditions which do not cause corrosion of the gasification reactor material or catalyst degradation, and generation of harmful nitrogen oxide is controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gas manufacturing apparatus which has a fossil fuel supply apparatus (3) for supplying fossil fuel to a gasification reactor (5), a supply apparatus (4) for supplying carbon dioxide to the gasification reactor and a supply apparatus for supplying water vapor to the gasification reactor. A water vapor condensing plant (7) condenses water vapor in gas ejected from the gasification reactor. A carbon dioxide condensing plant (9) condenses carbon dioxide in gas ejected from the water vapor condensing plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above gas manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fossil fuel supply apparatus (3)    Carbon dioxide supply apparatus (4)    Gasification reactor (5)    Water vapor condensing plant (7)    Carbon dioxide condensing plant (9)
NOVELTY - The material is made from a powdered product including animal flours, agglomerated into a given form using an additive which improves and/or controls the burning properties of the powder and which is dispersed in the liquid state into the powder.    USE - Disposal of meat products which have to be incinerated following BSE    ADVANTAGE - The agglomeration of the animal flours into grains reduces the risk of contamination and makes their storage and incineration easier and more traceable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for the above process, connected to a factory treating meat products via an installation converting them to a powdered form. The apparatus also a device for preheating the product and a device for pressing the mixture before it solidifies.    Preferred Features: Material, in particular a fuel, comprising a powdered product including animal flours, is agglomerated into a given form using an additive. A second additive has a higher fusion temperature. Each component of the additive has a fusion temperature between the storage temperature of the powdered product and 90 degrees C. The additive is made of paraffin and/or stearin and/or tallow (suet) and/or hydrogenated tallow (suet). The additive is mixed with the material at a raised temperature in portions in molds of the desired form and allowed to cool and solidify. The portions are pressed before they solidify and are dusted with a coating.
NOVELTY - A method for producing methanol using biomass material involves gasifying biomass to produce a gas, and supplying hydrogen gas to the produced gas to produce methanol.    USE - For producing methanol using biomass material, such as agricultural products or by-products, lumber or plants such as sweet sorghum, nepiergrass, spirulina, rice bran and wood chips.    ADVANTAGE - The methanol is produced effectively using carbon monoxide without deteriorating production efficiency. Carbon monoxide contained in produced gas is consumed completely. Since oxygen gas formed through electrolysis of water is employed for partial combustion, water is utilized effectively leading to effective utilization of resources and reduction in production cost. As electric power is generated by utilizing natural energy, effective usage of energy is attained. As the electric power is stored temporarily, electrolysis can be performed steadily and reliably. By storing oxygen gas and hydrogen gas before use, the gases can be readily utilized in required amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for producing methanol using biomass material comprising biomass gasification unit for producing a gas through partial combustion or steam-gasification of biomass, methanol synthesis unit for producing methanol from the produced gas, and a hydrogen gas supplying unit for supplying hydrogen gas to the produced gas.
NOVELTY - The pole plate (1) consists of a structure (6) that is transmissive on all sides and is embedded in a frame (7). The transmissive structure can consist of a wire mesh and can be made of a conducting material such as high grade steel. Each plate carries only one medium such a fuel or oxidant but gives the medium off on both sides.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The expensive bipolar plate is significantly simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of an inventive fuel cell stack (Drawing includes non-English text)    pole plates (1)    transmissive structure (6)    frame (7)
NOVELTY - A new method of obtaining a nematicidal agent from a plant comprises mixing a fibrous part of a plant with water, introducing a bacterial solution into the mixture and allowing the bacteria to at least partially decompose the fibrous material.    USE - The compositions are useful for controlling nematodes by administering the composition to the locus of the nematodes.
NOVELTY - The flow field plate for a fuel cell or electrolyser comprises on at least one face an assembly of channels comprising one or more gas delivery channels (3,4), and a number of gas diffusion channels (5) of width less than 0.2mm connecting thereto. The gas delivery channels may comprise of one or more primary channels of a width greater than 1mm, and a number of secondary gas delivery channels (2) of a width less than 1mm connecting thereto. The gas delivery channels may be of varying width, forming a branched structure of progressively diminishing channel width similar to the branching structure of blood vessels and air channels in the lungs.    USE - Proton exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolysers.    ADVANTAGE - The provision of the structure means that reactant products have a short distance to travel and can be removed efficiently in comparison with conventional plate designs. Adjacent tracks may be designed to have broadly similar pressures, so reducing the risk of short circuiting. The flow field plates may be used with a gas diffusio9n layer, or the gas diffusion channels may be provided in a sufficient density over the surface of the flow field plate to provide sufficient gas delivery that a gas diffusion layer may be omitted, or significantly reduced in thickness. Such reduction is considered advantageous as the GDL component is a major contributor to resistive losses in the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are made for: a) an electrolyser flow field plate; b) a fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematically a partial plan view of the fluid flow plate incorporating gas delivery and diffusion channels.    Secondary gas delivery channels (2)    Gas delivery channels (3,4)    Gas diffusion channels (5)
NOVELTY - Sludge treatment procedure and plant employing thermal hydrolysis uses at least two reactors operating in parallel, and in each of which the sludge is subjected to a cycle of complete thermal hydrolysis. The sludge is injected with live steam to raise it to a set pressure of between 10 and 20 bars and a temperature of 130 - 200 degree C for a given period of time (100 - 360 mn).    USE - Treatment of sludge from urban or industrial waste water.    ADVANTAGE - The sludge is stabilized and decontaminated to eliminate environmental and human health hazards.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sludge treatment procedure and plant employing thermal hydrolysis uses at least two reactors operating in parallel, and in each of which the sludge is subjected to a cycle of complete thermal hydrolysis. The sludge is injected with live steam to raise it to a set pressure of between 10 and 20 bars and a temperature of 130 - 200 degree C for a given period of time (100 - 360 minutes), returning it sharply to atmospheric pressure and releasing flash steam, after which the reactors are emptied of the hydrolysed sludge. The procedure can be staged between one reactor and the next to use the flash steam from one to inject into the next, and includes an aerobic, mesophilic or thermophilic digestion stage producing a biogas which is used to generate at least part of the live steam necessary for the thermal hydrolysis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagrammatic view of the sludge treatment procedure. (Drawing contains non-English language text)
NOVELTY - One or more convertors are placed within a collection vessel (120). A thermal control stack in thermal communication with a chemical converter (72), is placed within the collection vessel. One or more sensors are connected to the collection vessel for monitoring a parameter of the energy system to ensure proper operation.    USE - Multifunction energy system operable as fuel cell, reformer, thermal plant for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an improved power system with increased operational efficiency while concomitantly enhances system safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the multifunction energy system mounting a reformer, fuel cell and thermal control stack within a collection vessel.    Chemical converter (72)    Collection vessel (120)
NOVELTY - A flow transfer section (26) extending between a reactant inlet and a reactant outlet of reactant flow field plate, direct the flow between several flow-through reactant flow field channels (18) and interdigitated reactant flow field channels (21,22).    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the provision of interdigitated reactant flow field channels, the fuel cell reactant is utilized without the need for high pressure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a stylized, simplified sectioned side elevational view of the hybrid fuel cell reactant flow field.    Flow-through reactant flow field channels (18)    Interdigitated reactant flow field channels (21,22)    Flow transition (26)
NOVELTY - A reforming reactor (11) reforms the original fuel gas to be supplied to a fuel cell (20) for generating power. A drain (47) for condensed water is provided in the reactor.    USE - For generating power.    ADVANTAGE - Since the condensed water does not remain inside the system, warming up is performed very quickly. Prevents the vicinity of the reforming reactor from being polluted by temporarily storing the condensed water in the drain. Draining of non-purified condensed water is prevented by supplying specific quantity of water to the purifier. Manufacturing cost is reduced by reducing the necessary structural parts of the system. The gas in the reforming reactor is prevented from unnecessary draining by storing condensed water in the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the general structural diagram of the fuel cell system.    Reforming reactor (11)    Fuel cell (20)    Drain (47)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (30) electrochemically oxidizes heated reformer fuel gas during normal and transient load conditions. A generator (38) converts electrical charge generated by oxidation into electrical power. An energy storage device (80) stores the generated electrical charge during transient load condition to maintain unoxidized amount of reformer gas at a constant level.    USE - For power generation applications.    ADVANTAGE - Electrochemical oxidation of the fuel minimizes or prevents buildup of anode gas in the anode chamber and combustion of unoxidized gas, thereby preventing excess heat buildup in the combustor that damages the fuel processing assembly. The electrical storage system and the power generation system in a parallel mode operation prevent transient increase in the combustion of anode gas during changes in electrical load demand.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Combustor temperature control method; and    (2) Reformer gas amount control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of fuel cell power generation system.    Fuel cell (30)    Generator (38)    Energy storage device (80)
NOVELTY - A primary load switch (154) is opened to disconnect a primary load (146) from an external circuit (178) and a valve (166) is closed to stop flow of hydrogen containing fresh fuel from a fuel source (140) to an anode flow field plate (118). The fuel remaining in the flow field is displaced with air by blowing air through the flow field plate.    USE - For shutting down an operating PEM fuel cell system in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the fuel remaining in the anode fuel flow field plate is displaced using air, the need for purging with an inert gas such as nitrogen is eliminated. Thus the cell performance decay due to corrosion of the cell catalyst and catalyst support by oxygen generated using the inert gas is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Anode flow field plate (118)    Fuel source (140)    Primary load (146)    Primary load switch (154)    Valve (166)    External circuit (178)
NOVELTY - Air in anode flow field of fuel cell is purged by delivering a continuous flow of fresh hydrogen containing fuel into the anode flow field at a rate such that a fuel moves through the anode flow field and displaces all the air initially present within the anode flow field in 1.0 seconds. Then primary load is connected across the cell.    USE - For starting fuel cell system in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The method provide safe, cost effective start-up procedure which do not cause significant performance degradation and do not require the use of inert gas or any other gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of the fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A power section (15) transmits dry oxygen-rich air received from dry side (3a) of a humidification membrane (3) to a portion exchange membrane (50) produce moisture-containing exhaust air wet side (3b) of the humidification membrane receives the moisture-container air for transferring moisture to the inlet dry air flow which the air is exhausted out of the fuel cell.    USE - Used a power supply for vehicle. Prevents of proton exchange membrane by exhausting the air form the fuel cell after surrounding the moisture to the inlet dry air without affecting the power output of cell.    ADVANTAGE - The humidification membrane act as a barrier to prevent diffusion of oxygen from the oxygen rich inlet air flow to the oxygen deplated outlet air flow, thereby preventing the power loss of the fuel cell. Humidification in accomplished through material flow of air through the fuel cell without using control elements such as value of CPU, hence the need for calibration, maintenance and replacement of the elements is eliminated. Prevents dehydration of proton exchange membrane by exhausting the air from the fuel cell after surrounding the moisture to the inter dry air without affecting the power output of cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell humidification method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded isometric view of the fuel cell.    Humidification membrane (3)    Dry side (3a)    wet side (3b)    Proton exchange membrane (5a)    Power section (15)
NOVELTY - Method (I), comprises: (A) delivery of biomass to a reservoir and heating of the biomass by means of electric heating element made from conducting concrete with insulating layer and built in reservoir bottom; and (B) mixing the biomass by creating a thermo siphon effect due to the availability of a bell-mouth in inner cylindrical chamber above heating element.    USE - (I) is used in the manufacture of reservoirs-methane tanks for fermentation of agricultural, urban or industry sewage.    ADVANTAGE - (I) provides simplified construction of methane tank and reduced power requirements.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows reservoirs-methane tanks.
NOVELTY - Provided is a method for producing synthetic gas from waste food which involves separating solid ingredients from waste water by pyrolysis using a catalyst in a low temperature reactor under a controlled temperature and vapor pressure, extracting oil from the waste water by a catalytic decomposition reaction with a catalyst circulated through a vaporizer, and producing synthetic gases by gasification of the solid carbon including oil and solids produced in the extraction step in a gas reactor.    USE - For producing synthetic gas from waste food.    ADVANTAGE - The method can be economically performed in a short period of process time at a lower consumption of energy and can readily treat waste food to produce synthetic gases at a high energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pyrolysis of waste food with a catalyst is performed at 100 to 300 degreesC and a vapor pressure of 1 to 25 atm for 1 to 3 hours. The extraction step is performed by drying the product of the pyrolysis at 105 degreesC for 5 hours to produce solid material and extracting filtrate with dichloromethane. The gas production step is performed at 300 to 1200 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Deodorization of compost involves activated sludge treatment of urine (10), concentrating at least one portion of a processed liquid, and spraying concentrated liquid to compost.    USE - For deodorization of compost of livestock dung, such as pig faeces, cattle faeces, and droppings of hen or an organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Odor substances, such as ammonia generated during composting of livestock dung, is deodorized effectively and inexpensively. The deodorization device can improve the work environment within the compost facility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for compost deodorization device which has an activated sludge processing apparatus (1), concentration bath (2) for concentrating at least a portion of processed liquid, and a spraying nozzle (17) for spraying concentrated liquid to the compost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the deodorization device of the compost.    Activated sludge processing apparatus (1)    Concentration bath (2)    Vaporizer (3)    Urine (10)    Spraying nozzle (17)
NOVELTY - A stocker (83) with at least partial transparent or semi-transparent portion, is provided at front surface of a casing (2) which houses a treatment tank (1). The stocker collects overflowing processed organic refuse from a discharge port (80) provided in upper portion of the treatment tank, during stirring operation.    USE - For treatment of organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents blockage of refuse in the discharge port due to provision of the stocker. Enables a user to view the discharged treated organic refuse due to the transparent or semi-transparent portion of the stocker.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the organic substance processing device.    Treatment tank (1)    Casing (2)    Discharge port (80)    Stocker (83)
NOVELTY - A casing (1) includes a treatment tank (2) installed with a stirring unit (5). The treatment tank has a downwardly inclining surface (1a). Refuse charging opening (7) is formed on the inclined surface. The opening is openably covered by a lid (8).    USE - For processing large scale organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Enables charging organic refuse easily, due to forming the charge insertion opening in the inclined surface of the casing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial sectioned perspective view of the organic substance processing device.    Casing (1)    Inclined surface (1a)    Treatment tank (2)    Stirring unit (5)    Refuse charging opening (7)    Lid (8)
NOVELTY - A sensor detects moisture content in an organic refuse treatment tank. When lid of the tank is not opened/closed for a duration exceeding a preset time and if the moisture content inside the tank at that duration is less than a preset value, a controller operates only a ventilation unit.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Enables proper control of processing operation with varying quantity of refuse charged into treatment tank due to provision of the controller.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart explaining the operation of the organic refuse processing device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A detector detects external temperature of a treatment tank, when a lid of the tank does not open or close for more than predetermined time period. A controller is operated in freezing prevention mode, when the external temperature is more than preset temperature.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces operation cost, as the controller is operated in freezing prevention mode when the external temperature is more than preset value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart explaining the operation of the organic refuse processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide removal method involves oxidizing carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing-gas using an oxidation catalyst. The temperature of the catalyst inlet gas is controlled uniformly near the boiling point, using a water cooling type heat exchanger at the front stage of the oxidation catalyst. The temperature of the coolant is kept constant.    USE - For fuel cell of motor vehicles, and for methanol reformer which performs hydrogen production in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature of the catalyst inlet gas is controlled easily using the heat exchange system. Even when temperature control near the boiling point of water is carried out using the latent heat of vaporization, the difficulty in temperature control or operation control is relieved. Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide, which is the poisoning substance of a fuel cell is carried out effectively and with high selectivity. A compact processing apparatus is availed.
NOVELTY - The method of reducing carbon monoxide in gas containing hydrogen involves introducing hydrogen containing gas which contains oxygen/carbon monoxide in the molar ratio of 0.01-0.5 into a catalyst at 60-350 degrees Celsius. The catalyst contains ruthenium metal component as catalytically active component and a carrier component.    USE - For fuel cell of motor vehicles, and for methanol reformer which performs hydrogen production in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The difficulty in oxygen amount control is eluded. Carbon monoxide concentration in gas is reduced effectively to 10 ppm.
NOVELTY - A temperature detection unit (9) detects temperature in modification reaction device (1). A peak temperature estimator estimates the temperature of the high temperature zone based on the estimated temperature distribution within the device. The estimated peak temperature is corrected according to the deviation of detected temperature and estimated values.    USE - For formation of purified gas containing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbon fuel in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improves accuracy by correcting the assessed value based on variation in temperature. The temperature of the modification reaction device is maintained to the target value. Operation time is reduced by maintaining favorable calculation accuracy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification reaction device (1)    Temperature detection unit (9)
NOVELTY - Malodorizing gas and offensive odor components are contacted with a bio-deodorizing tower (1) equipped with a filled layer (4) comprising microorganisms capable of biologically decomposing the gas and the components.    USE - For deodorizing malodorous gas generated from sewage works, human waste processing field, factories.    ADVANTAGE - Malodorous gas is deodorized at reduced installation cost and apparatus size. Generation of methyl sulfide or methyl disulfide is effectively prevented. The method reduces acclimatization period. Use of an activated carbon adsorption installation for a finishing process is eliminated. The process is performed in a short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for malodorous gas deodorizing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of deodorizing apparatus.    Bio-deodorizing tower (1)    Filled layer (4)
NOVELTY - The thin film gas sensor (TFGS) contains a support film (2) on the surface of silicon substrate (1), thin film heater layer (3) and gas sensing membrane electrode (5) through electric insulating film (4). The TFGS contains a structure where the layer (3) which contains tantanum, chromium and/or titanium is joined with a substrate insulating layer and coating insulating layer through the thin film layer.    USE - For gas leakage alarm.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film sensor has improved reliability by adding tungsten (1-8 weight%) to platinum. The thin film gas sensor has no disconnection in pulse supplying electricity test.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thin film gas sensor contains a support film containing thermal oxidized silica (SiO2), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) SiO2 film and nitridation silicon film on the silicon substrate surface. A thin film heater layer is formed. A gas sensing membrane electrode containing platinum is formed through the electric insulating film containing SiO2. A sensing film containing tin oxide (SnO2) is formed on electrode. The thin film gas sensor contains a structure where the heater layer which contains at least one element of tantanum, chromium and titanium is joined with a substrate insulating layer and coating insulating layer through the thin film layer. The thin film heater layer preferably contains platinum-tungsten material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of thin film gas sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon substrate (1)    Support film (2)    Thin film heater layer (3)    Electric insulating film (4)    Gas sensing membrane electrode (5)
NOVELTY - A blower (4) and a small-sized boiler (5) supply air and water through a hose (9), to the tree chips provided as a heap on a fermentation mat (1). A temperature sensor (12) and a water content sensor (13) inserted into the tree chips detect the temperature and moisture content of the chip respectively. A controller (6) controls the blower and the boiler based on the signals from the sensors (12,13) to maintain temperature and hydration conditions suitable for the fermentation of tree chip (W).    USE - For performing fermentation of waste wood chip produced in construction engineering works reclamation field.    ADVANTAGE - The waste materials produced in large quantities are efficiently fermented at low cost under low environmental load.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view and the block diagram of tree chip fermentation apparatus.    Fermentation mat (1)    Blower (4)    Small-sized boiler (5)    Controller (6)    Hose (9)    Sensors (12,13)    Tree chip (W)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse processing apparatus comprises a refuse insertion opening (11) and a dry refuse ejection opening (12) between which an organic refuse container (20) with a water draining mechanism (2), a refuse decomposing container (30) with a decomposing unit (3), a dry refuse container (40) with a drying mechanism (4) are installed.    USE - Organic refuse processing apparatus e.g. for kitchen refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The refuse transfer device simplifies handling of organic refuse between the chambers and hence enables quick formation of fertilizer from garbage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic refuse processing apparatus comprises a refuse insertion opening (11) and a dry refuse ejection opening (12) between which an organic refuse container (20) with a water draining mechanism (2), a refuse decomposing container (30) with a decomposing unit (3), a dry refuse container (40) with a drying mechanism (4) are installed. A refuse transfer device (10) transfers refuse between the water draining, decomposing and drying mechanisms and to ejection opening.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a transverse plane sectional view of organic refuse processing device.    Water draining mechanism (2)    Decomposing unit (3)    Drying mechanism (4)    Refuse transfer device (10)    Refuse insertion opening (11)    Dry refuse ejection opening (12)    Organic refuse container (20)    Refuse decomposing container (30)    Dry refuse container (40)
NOVELTY - Microorganism carrier for decomposing organic refuse, comprises granules containing crushed palm husk. 100%, 94.7%, 72.5%, 32.4%, 11.7% and 0.7% of granules present in the carrier passes through sieves having diameter 4.75 mm, 2 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.425 mm, 0.250 mm, and 0.106 mm, respectively.    USE - For decomposing organic refuse (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The microorganism carrier for decomposing organic refuse does not generate odor during processing of organic refuse and the processing capacity of the microorganism carrier is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic refuse processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph representing the particle size accumulation of the granules of palm husk present in the microorganism carrier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Reactor comprises reaction chambers (R1, R2, ...Rn) for converting educts (E); and temperature regions (H1, H2, ....Hn) for introducing or removing the heat of reaction to or from the educts. An active zone is arranged along an educt flow path (S) between an inlet (1.1) and an outlet (1.2) of the reactor. The active zone has a first temperature zone (H1) for introducing the heat of reaction separate from a first reaction zone for carrying out the reaction.    USE - Used for carrying out steam reforming of methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Zones of the reactor are optimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Further temperature zones and reaction zones follow in the active zone along the educt flow path to the first temperature zone and the first reaction zone. The temperature zones directly heat the educt stream by catalytic combustion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a reforming reactor.    reactor inlet (1.1)    reactor outlet (1.2)    educts (E)    temperature regions ( H1, H2, ....Hn)    reaction chambers ( R1, R2, ...Rn)    educt flow path (S)
NOVELTY - New flush-applied organic bio-fertilizer comprises ammonium humate, acidified bone mash, urea, diamine, potassium sulfate, borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and bacterial component.    USE - For soil improving.    ADVANTAGE - Its advantages include high fertility, complete nutrients, high solubility, high bioactivity and improving soil.
NOVELTY - New method for the treatment of domestic refuse to obtain organic and inorganic composite fertilizer comprises: (1) sifting decomposed domestic refuse; (2) adding excrement and urine; (3) fermenting; (4) drying; (5) adding chemical fertilizer; (6) mixing; and (7) packaging.    USE - The method is used to prepare composite organic and inorganic fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - Domestic refuse is recycled and utilized as fertilizer.
NOVELTY - Method of powdering a liquid by-product of cane molasses fermentation involves mixing the liquid by product of fermentation with coco-peat, is new.    USE - Used for the production of a fertilizer, soil improver and an animal feed. The fertilizer includes a by product fertilizer, organic fertilizer and a class 3 compound fertilizer, particularly chemical fertilizers including nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The coco-peat modifies the condensed molasses soluble (CMS) (liquid by-product of fermentation) into a material of entirely new form by virtue of its excellent water absorption capacity. The CMS exhibits no glossy surface state, shows a very low stickiness between particles or to other objects and exhibits no gel state. The CMS serves as an excellent soil improver because of significantly high content of organic substances in coco-peat. Furthermore, lignin, which is contained in the coco-peat at a relatively high content, is converted directly or indirectly into soil humus, and also CMS itself contains large amounts of amino acids, proteins, and sugars, which are beneficial nutrients to soil microorganisms. The CMS as a soil fertilizer is easily handled. Animal feeds, which contain the powdered CMS are easily transported and stored as compared to a case where liquid CMS is used. In addition, the powdered CMS is easily blended with other nutrients. Thus the powdered CMS can be used as an active ingredient in the production of animal feeds. In addition, the method provides an effective way of disposing of CMS, which is currently disposed by dumping into the sea.
NOVELTY - A drive shaft (14) transmitting power to a front axle (15) and a rear axle (17), is arranged in parallel with a horizontal straight line connecting the centers of the front axle and the rear axle. A fuel cell (33) and a reformer (32) of a fuel cell system (30), are provided above the horizontal line and a fuel tank (31) is provided above the fuel cell and the reformer.    USE - For e.g. all terrain vehicle for transportation for agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, security surveillance, leisure.    ADVANTAGE - Design of fuel powered motor vehicle is optimized, as drive shaft is easily provided without interfering with fuel cell system. Inexpensive waterproofing measure is easily incorporated in vehicles design. Supply of fuel cell and reformer under pressure is made easy, as fuel tank is provided above fuel cell and reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plan view of fuel cell powered motor vehicle.    Drive shaft (14)    Front axle (15)    Rear axle (17)    Fuel cell system (30)    Fuel tank (31)    Reformer (32)    Fuel cell (33)
NOVELTY - A process of preparing feed and manure from food waste by using high frequency electromagnetic waves as a heat source in a drying and sterilizing process is provided, thereby effectively removing harmful bacteria contained in the food waste and remarkably reducing the treatment cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Food waste removed from foreign material such as vinyl, metal materials or the like is subjected to crushing and passing though a solid-liquid separator to give a moisture content of 70% or less. The solids are sterilized by high frequency electromagnetic waves in the range of 200kHz+/-10% and then dried by high frequency electromagnetic waves in the range of 27.5kHz+/-10%. The dried solids are subjected to quick cooling and fermenting with microbes and a moisture controller such as sawdust and rice hulls. And the fermented solids are mixed with cereals and chemicals and formed into a pellet, followed by drying by high frequency electromagnetic waves in the range of 27.5kHz+/-10%.
NOVELTY - The exhaust gas formed by the reformation system is recirculated to a modifier (6) through a circularly sealed path of the system using a pump during shutdown of the system.    USE - Reformation system with exhaust gas recirculation function, for use in e.g. fuel cell or an engine.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents heat distortion of the reformation system during shutdown period by controlling the abrupt change in the temperature inside the system. Hence, prevents damage at the time of system shutdown. Prevents negative pressure by raising the pressure of the reformation system above the atmospheric pressure. Controls the cooling rate of the system by adjusting the gas flow rate. Reduces the size of the system, since exhaust gas is recirculated inside the system and there is no need of combustor of large capacity for inert gas formation. Improves energy efficiency by reuse of waste heat of the power source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier reforms hydrocarbon fuel in a water vapor modification reaction. The formation of combustion gas by a combustor (10) is controlled, so as to raise the pressure of the reformation system above an atmospheric pressure. The flow rate of a coolant in a cooling system is controlled to control the temperature of the exhaust gas. The waste heat of the power source (8), such as a fuel cell or an engine is supplied to the modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the reformation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (6)    Power source (8)    Combustor (10)
NOVELTY - A separator (10) has an obstruction plate (11) for removing the metallic products from a mixture of hydrogen, water and metal which is formed by thermal decomposition or hydrolysis of metal hydride in a reactor (3).    USE - For producing hydrogen gas which is used as a heating gas for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The purity of hydrogen gas is improved by removing impurities such as metallic products from a mixture of hydrogen, water and metal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal hydride tank stores an aqueous solution of metal hydride which is supplied to the reactor for performing hydrolysis of the metal hydride in the presence of catalyst. The reactor carries out high speed spraying of metal hydride powder. Another separator storing metallic product has a semipermeable membrane which is permeable to water. The separation of metallic product is carried out by reducing the solubility of the metallic product w.r.t that of water, cooling the mixture containing hydrogen, water and metal, adiabatic expansion of mixture, and centrifuging the mixture.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen gas production which involves forming mixture of metal, hydrogen and water by hydrolysis or thermal decomposition reaction and removing metallic product from the mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reactor (3)    Separator (10)    Obstruction plate (11)
NOVELTY - Humus material is provided to the sieve and foreign and rough large objects are removed. The humus is compressed to 1divide2-1divide4 of its volume and molded to arbitrary shapes.    USE - Used as organic substance for agriculture, horticulture and greening.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient storage and carrying of humus. As the need for machinery for compressing humus is eliminated, the cost is reduced. Enables efficient usage as a fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for humus compact compressing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagrammatic chart illustrating the relationship of volume of compression ratio and a moisture content of compression product, when using humus as raw material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Aggregation of autotrophic denitrification microorganism involves cultivating microorganism sludge on anaerobic condition in an inorganic culture solution containing nitrogen oxide property nitrogen. The microorganism utilizes ammoniacal nitrogen as an electron donor and nitrite nitrogen as electron acceptor to perform denitrification.    USE - For removing nitrogen from waste water containing ammoniacal nitrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The autotrophic denitrification microorganism is integrated efficiently in a short period of time. The method enables effective denitrification of biological nitrogen from the waste water at low cost. A large amount of surplus sludge formation is decreased and the waste water is processed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for biological nitrogen removal method which involves contacting treated water containing nitrite nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen with the autotrophic denitrification microorganism integrated by aggregation method under anaerobic condition and performing denitrification.
NOVELTY - Self-heating type hydrogen generator consists of metal honeycomb structure formed by laminating or winding flat and corrugated stainless steel foils with surface(s) covered by (alpha)-alumina insulating layer having equilaxillar and/or columnar crystals. A catalyst supported on the metal honey-comb surface reforms hydrocarbon or alcohol in gas, to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    USE - For domestic use for generating electricity and for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The self-heating type hydrogen generator has favorable insulation property and rapid temperature increase rate. Since the starting time of the generator is reduced, efficiency is improved greatly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the influence of the thickness of alpha-alumina film on the dielectric breakdown voltage, in stainless steel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A supply unit supplies raw material gas including oxygen, hydrocarbon and water vapor to a reaction unit filled with combustion catalyst (3) consisting of alumina and rare earth elements maintained at 1000 degrees C. A pre-heater (5) heats the raw material gas, to produce hydrogen.    USE - Fuel modifier for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides simplified reformer with improved reformation property and stabilized operation control.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a model sectional drawing of the fuel modifier. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    combustion catalyst (3)    pre-heater (5)
NOVELTY - A catalyst (6) packed between the cylinders (2,3), is heated to heat water flowing through a distribution pipe (7) that is arranged between the cylinders (3,4). A steam generator heats the gas exiting through a manifold (9), in two stages to generate vapor for fuel reforming.    USE - For solid electrolyte fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Heat release from the reformer is reduced, hence thermal efficiency is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid electrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-section of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylinders (2-4)    Catalyst (6)    Pipe (7)    Manifold (9)
NOVELTY - Powder which mixed aluminum powder or more than one kind of aluminum powder, and metal powder having ionization tendency of lower than aluminum is reacted with water to generate hydrogen gas.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas is generated easily and inexpensively with high efficiency and without using a lot of electrical power and modifiers. The effective usage of blast grain waste material as industrial waste, is enabled. The degradation of main component of fuel cell is eliminated, as generation of carbon monoxide due to the reaction is eliminated. The water from fuel cell main component is used for reaction. Environmental pollution due to the hydrogen gas generation process, is eliminated. The electric power obtained from fuel cell main component is utilized as power supply for thermal spraying apparatus, thereby the cost for operating the thermal spraying apparatus is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Hydrogen gas-generating plant (12);    (2) Fuel cell (17); and    (3) Aluminum or zinc aluminum thermal spraying apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows systematic diagram of outline composition of zinc aluminum thermal spraying apparatus, and fuel cell.    Hydrogen gas-generating plant (12)    Fuel cell (17)
NOVELTY - Reformer for reforming hot hydrocarbon group gas, consists of desulfurizer packed with hydrodesulfurizing catalyst and return line for returning a portion of reformed gas to desulfurizer inlet. The return line is equipped with heat exchanger for removing water content in reformed gas.    USE - Used in fuel cells (claimed) for reforming hot gases such as hydrocarbon group gas.    ADVANTAGE - The water content in the reformed gas recycled to the desulfurizer is removed by the heat exchanger, hence the life of hydrodesulfurizing catalyst is extended. The water required for reforming is heated by heat exchanger, hence the reformer is economic and conserves energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system containing reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system containing gas reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Desulfurizer (1)    Modifier (2)    Return line (6)    Heat exchanger (7,8)
NOVELTY - A scroll compressor with integrated motor has a housing containing fixed and movable spirals (21,31). Both the high-pressure chamber in the housing and the motor are cooled by two separate cooling chambers (26',42) connected by a channel through which cooling fluid flows, secondly to the motor cooler.    USE - As a scroll compressor (claimed) for fuel cell gases    ADVANTAGE - The unit is compact, long-lasting and uses the same fluid for both coolers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A scroll compressor with integrated motor comprises a housing (2) with a fixed spiral (21) and outside this a motor-driven (5) movable spiral (31). The housing comprises a high-pressure chamber through which a gas, which is compressed by the spirals, passes. Cooling chambers (26',42) are next to the high-pressure chamber and motor respectively, are connected by a fluid channel through which cooling fluid flows from the first to the second chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-sectional drawing of the compressor is shown.    Housing (2)    Motor (5)    Spirals (21,31)    Cooling chambers (26',42)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a cell housing (2) in which two electrodes (7,8) and an electrolyte (9) are arranged. An internal fuel storage device is mounted inside the cell housing. The anode includes the fuel storage device in a gas distribution structure within the anode. The fuel storage device contains a storage metal or alloy.    USE - For generating electricity electrochemically.    ADVANTAGE - The temporary reduction in performance when the power requirement on the system is increased is reduced or possibly completely eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell (Drawing includes non-English text)    cell housing (2)    electrodes (7,8)    electrolyte (9)
NOVELTY - Operating a reformer unit (1) for the preparation of a gaseous product stream (2) containing hydrogen comprises introducing the product stream to a fuel cell during a starting phase of the reformer unit depending on the pollutant concentration.    USE - Used in electric vehicle fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple and economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a reformer unit for the preparation of a gaseous product stream (2) containing hydrogen comprising a reforming reactor (4) for catalytically producing a product stream containing hydrogen, a device (5) for determining a parameter which is proportional to the pollutant concentration in the product stream, and a device (6) arranged in a line (9) to introduce the product stream during the starting phase of the reformer unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reformer unit.    Reformer unit (1)    Gaseous product stream (2)    Reforming reactor (4)    Device for determining a parameter (5)    Device for introducing the product stream (6)    Line (9)
NOVELTY - The system includes a fuel cell unit and a gas generating system. The gas generating system includes reforming reactors (4,7) for producing reformates (R1,R2) with different outlet temperatures. A mixing element (9) supplies one fuel to the reformate (R1) between the outlet (5) and inlet (6) of reactors (4,7).    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient operation of fuel cell system without heat exchange during the reforming and the subsequent gas purification. As the reforming reactors are constructed simply and compactly, the manufacturing cost of reactors is reduced. Reduces the number of components and the pressure loss. As fuels of less purity are used, the cost is reduced. Enhances efficiency in the low pressure systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Reforming reactors (4,7)    Outlet (5)    Inlet (6)    Mixing element (9)    Reformates (R1,R2)
NOVELTY - Treating animal waste involves administering to the animal a probiotic material (A) capable of promoting organic digestion and adding an innoculum (B) comprising sulfide-utilizing bacteria to a waste produced by the animal.    USE - To treat animal waste in a holding facility where animals such as hogs or cattle are raised, to create healthy biomass to efficiently degrade organic waste and control solid build-up.    ADVANTAGE - The method reduces the sulfide content, provides appropriate microbial environment and enhances efficient degradation of organic waste without significant odor caused by ammonia, sulfide and volatile fatty acids, toxicity and organic matter build up. The process maintains the sulfide gas concentration of less than 10 ppm. The probiotic feed additive and sulfide-utilizing inoculation reduces exposure to noxious and unhealthy volatile gases and results in increased feed efficiency and average daily weight gain. This combination decreased back fat, respiratory infections and decreased need for antibiotics and also decrease the total solid in the waste pit, allowing the waste pit to be pumped out more easily than untreated waste pits having higher solid contents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) treating animal waste involving administering a probiotic feed or a probiotic feed additive comprising organic digesting bacteria and lytic enzymes and adding an inoculum comprising sulfide-utilizing bacteria to a waste produced by the animal; and    (2) a probiotic feed additive comprising organic digesting bacteria, lytic enzyme and Yucca schidigera.
NOVELTY - Dispersion zones (306,316) are provided between respective water spray and shift reaction zones (304,308 and 314,318). Dispersion materials consisting of sand, quartz, glass and their mixture are placed in the respective dispersion zones, for dispersing water stream into hydrogen and high temperature shift effluent streams.    USE - Water gas shift reactor used as hydrogen purifier or electric power generator for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The use of dispersion zones between water spray zones and shift reaction zones maintains the respective feed at high and low water gas shift conditions without damaging the catalysts. Provides a small scale units with simple water gas shift reaction zones. Efficiently controls the temperature within the exothermic reaction zones.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric cross-sectional view of shift reaction zone.    Water spray and shift reaction zones (304,308,314,318)    Dispersion zones (306,316)
NOVELTY - Fermented grape pomace containing humus obtained by fermentation of the seed, skin and stem of grape which have hitherto been discarded is provided, which effectively increases the livestock weight, improves the productivity and shows little side effects to livestock.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Grape pomace such as drained seed, skin and stem of grape is fermented, ground and dried. The fermented grape pomace is added to feed in an amount of 2 to 6% by weight as a feed additive, based on the total weight of the feed. The feed additive is effective for poultry for increasing the egg weight in the early period of egg-laying and livestock in the growth period.
NOVELTY - A multi-layer structured method for purifying waste water using activation microorganisms and methanogens and a method for cultivating the activation microorganisms are provided, thereby cheaply purifying waste water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The multi-layer structured method for purifying waste water comprises the steps of: inserting the cultivated activation microorganisms and methanogens into a waste water-treating tank; providing waste water into the lower part of the tank; and discharging the purified water and collecting methane gas gathered at the upper part of the tank, in which the activation microorganisms contain 34 wt.% of polymorphous, non-spore forming, gram positive coccus; 26.9997 wt.% of aerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming microorganism; 10 wt.% of yeasts; 10 wt.% of Actinomyces mesophilic microorganisms; 1.0 wt.% of lactic acid coccus microorganisms; 0.9 wt.% of fungi, 0.06 wt.% of lactic acid coccus microorganisms; 0.04 wt.% of aerobic, spore-forming microorganisms; 0.0002 wt.% of Actinomyces thermophilic microorganisms; and 0.0001 wt.% of anaerobic, spore-forming microorganisms.
NOVELTY - Provided is porous wood chips for animal waste fermentation which have a cube shape with round edges unlike conventional wood chips. Accordingly, the resultant wood chips have high water absorbency and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous wood chips are formed by cutting a dried wood absorbing water into a cube, hexahedron(10), and forming fine holes into three directions, where the edges of the cube are rounded. The holes are formed to the depth, being up to 1/2 or the end of the cube, in a direction of the inside from the surface as the following ways: holes(h1) formed toward the X-axis at regular intervals; holes(h2) formed toward the Y-axis at regular intervals without crossing X-axis directions; holes(h3) formed toward Z-axis at regular intervals without crossing X- and Y-axis directions.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich gas ejected from a modifier (30) is cooled in a heat exchanger (32) using gasoline as coolant. A catalyst reduces the carbon monoxide concentration of the cooled gas.    USE - For fuel cell equipment (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - As the gasoline is used as the coolant in the heat exchanger, it increases the efficiency in cooling of hydrogen rich gas from the modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier is supplied with hydrocarbon fuel, air and water vapor. The flow rates of hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen rich gas are controlled. The flow of gasoline to the heat exchanger is controlled by a controller (50), such that the increase in temperature of gasoline does not exceed its boiling point temperature and carbonization temperature. The heat exchanger exchanges the heat between the hydrogen rich gas and hydrocarbon fuel supplied to the modifier.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) Fuel modification method; and    (2) Fuel cell equipment which performs electrochemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen rich gas produced by the fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel cell equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (30)    Heat exchanger (32)    Controller (50)
NOVELTY - The equipment has several parallel reactors (10A-10E) in which thermal decomposing or hydrolyzing of metal hydride is performed for emitting the hydrogen gas which is transmitted to a fuel cell (5) through a discharge pipe (4).    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas is efficiently formed by decomposing metal hydride in several parallel reactors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A tank stores the water which is supplied to the reactors through the distribution supply pipes for performing hydrolyzing of the metal hydride in the reactors. A control unit (8) controls the usage of reactors depending on the requirement of hydrogen gas obtained by hydrolyzing the metal hydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the hydrogen gas formation equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Discharge pipe (4)    Fuel cell (5)    Control unit (8)    Parallel reactors (10A-10E)
NOVELTY - Heat transfer plate (11) and catalyst carrier (9A) are alternately laminated and arranged between the side walls (1a,1b) of container (1). The heat transfer plate and catalyst carrier are laminated in a direction to penetrate the medium flow path pipe (3). The temperature control medium within the flow path pipe controls the temperature of catalyst (8).    USE - For modifying the heating gas which is to be supplied to the anode side of fuel cell in a fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the size of the whole reactor and improves the quality of the reaction product. Enlarges the area of heat transfer plate. Improves the cooling efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The temperature of control medium (5) poured in pipe, is sensed by catalyst support and controlled by heat transfer plates. The catalyst support being provided as a divided element on top of the pipe.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline front view of the catalytic reaction device and temperature distribution of figure of catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Container (1)    Side walls (1a,1b)    Flow path pipe (3)    Control medium (5)    Catalyst (8)    Catalyst carrier (9A)    Heat transfer plate (11)
NOVELTY - Processing of pulp-type organic waste involves liquefying pulp-type organic waste insoluble in water, by hydrothermal reaction in sub-critical water conditions or supercritical water conditions.    USE - For processing pulp-type organic waste such as pulp sludge produced by paper manufacture in a paper mill, pulping waste liquor, cyclone ashes and pulp suspension containing organic compounds.    ADVANTAGE - The pulp-type organic waste processing method satisfactorily performs the processing of pulp-type organic waste, and methane is recovered efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a processing apparatus for pulp-type organic waste (1), comprising a hydrothermal reaction processing apparatus (2) with water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline of a processing apparatus for pulp-type organic waste. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Processing apparatus of pulp-type organic waste (1)    Hydrothermal reaction processing apparatus (2)    Recovery processing apparatus (3)
NOVELTY - A raw excrement dispersion apparatus (20) is movably provided to an upper surface of a treatment tank (A) which dispenses a suitable quantity of a raw excrement in the treatment tank. A stirring blade (6) of a stirring mechanism (1) is supported by a hopper (13) of the raw excrement dispersion apparatus, elevatably in an arbitrary position in the vertical direction.    USE - For processing livestock excrement.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies raw excrement gradually in two stages to the treatment tank, thereby achieves improvement in the raw excrement insertion. Disperses the raw excrement in the tank automatically by the movement of stirring apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire explanatory view of livestock excrement processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Stirring mechanism (1)    Stirring blade (6)    Hopper (13)    Raw excrement dispersion apparatus (20)    Treatment tank (A)
NOVELTY - A mixture containing (wt.%) soil (100), bean curd lees (10-30) and slaked lime (3-10) is subjected to mixed fermentation, and the fermented soil is mixed with 1-10l of water (1-5), filtered, purified, activated and decomposed by water purifying Cyanophyta for 10-30 hours, to obtain Cyanophyta purified-activated water.    USE - For producing purified water used as raw material and additive in deodorizer or bath agents, cosmetics, foodstuffs and beverages; as an activator of plants and animals; and as a contaminant purifying agent.    ADVANTAGE - The novel method which effectively detoxifies toxic substances such as poisonous and contaminated chemicals in waste water, effectively purifies water using Cyanophyta. The method effectively removes harmful pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid gas, carbon monoxide, methane and phosphoric acid compounds; and also detoxifies toxic substance such as harmful aromatic compounds, hydrocarbons, organo chlorine compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tri-halomethanes and dioxin in waste water.
NOVELTY - The gas flow parting and remixing tools are arranged in a riser (13a).    USE - For combustion of waste materials e.g. oil coke, coal, municipal waste, waste plastic, sludge, paper manufacture sludge, fuel solidification refuse, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Combustion condition in a riser is improved and hence emission of harmful gas and an unburnt gas are suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fluidized bed combustion method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the fluidized bed furnace. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Riser (13a)
NOVELTY - The organic refuse processing apparatus comprises rotation axis (16,18) with stirrer (20) and conveyor (22). The diameter of rotation of the conveyor is smaller than that of the stirrer. A drive mechanism (24) enables intermittent power transmission to the rotation axes. Independent and simultaneous rotation of the stirrer and conveyor is performed. A switch changes the driving force of the drive mechanism.    USE - For fermentation composting of organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Stirring and conveyance of organic refuse is appropriately controlled and timed. Fermentation of the refuse is sufficiently accelerated and production cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Primary and secondary treatment tanks (3,4) are provided inside a sealing case (1), with a partition (2) in between. An inlet (5) is provided in tank (3) and an outlet (6) is provided in tank (4). A rotation axis is provided in the center of the sealing case and another rotation axis is inserted rotatably in the outer side of the case. A stirrer is provided on axis (16) and a conveyor is provided on the axis (18). The diameter of rotation of the conveyor is smaller than that of the stirrer. A drive mechanism is provided with a motor (25) with a clutch (26), which enables intermittent power transmission to the rotation axes (16,18). Independent and simultaneous rotation of the stirrer and conveyor is performed. A switch changes the driving force of the drive mechanism.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of an organic refuse processing apparatus.    Sealing case (1)    Partition (2)    Treatment tanks (3,4)    Inlet (5)    Outlet (6)    Rotation axes (16,18)    Stirrer (20)    Conveyor (22)    Drive mechanism (24)    Motor (25)    Clutch (26)
NOVELTY - The processing apparatus has an insertion opening (8) in the upper face of the device (1). An insertion mechanism (14) with bucket (12) to seal opening (8), is provided movably (from positions (A-D)) on the opening. When the upper portion of the opening is turned to insertion position, opening (121) is turned to lower position and the organic material is inserted through the opening to a treatment tank (3).    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Refuse processing is safely and effectively performed. Cleaning of the apparatus is made easier. Overflow of refuse in treatment tank is avoided. Leakage of bad odor from the apparatus is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of an organic substance processing apparatus.    Device (1)    Treatment tank (3)    Insertion opening (8)    Bucket (12)    Insertion mechanism (14)    Opening (121)
NOVELTY - The foodstuffs waste treatment plant (1) comprises composting plant (5), co-generation plant (3), compost storage tank (17) and package apparatus (19). The composting plant consists of a hopper (11) into which waste foodstuff is temporarily stored, crusher (13) and a stream seasoning sterilizer (15). The co-generation plant consists of a microgas turbine (7) or a fuel cell and waste gas boiler (9).    USE - For treating foodstuff waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The foodstuff waste treatment plant is compact, hence saves space and can be installed easily. The treatment of foodstuff waste material is performed smoothly and orderly. An additional installation for drain emission is eliminated. Since the hopper and crusher are connected with the stream seasoning sterilizer through a piping, an inexpensive foodstuffs waste treatment plant results.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the explanatory drawing of the foodstuff waste treatment plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Foodstuffs waste treatment plant (1)    Co-generation plant (3)    Composting plant (5)    Micro gas turbine (7)    Waste gas boiler (9)    Hopper (11)    Crusher (13)    Steam seasoning sterilizer (15)    Compost storage tanks (17)    Package apparatus (19)
NOVELTY - The acid-treated flaky graphite powder (33) is filled in metallic molds (31,32). The powder is heated rapidly to produce graphite compact of definite shape.    USE - For producing graphite mold for fuel cell (claimed) and gas passages.    ADVANTAGE - The homogeneous graphite mold is cheaply produced. The reliability of fuel cell is improved, by integrating the graphite mold.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the graphite mold manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Metallic molds (31,32)    Flaky graphite powder (33)
NOVELTY - The moving blades (8) radiating from rotary shaft (7) are rotated against the stationary cutters (9) fixed to bottom of process chamber (2). Vertical cutters (Lo,Li) are fixed to rotate with the moving blades (8) and shaft (7). An overflow pipe (4) supported above the moving blades and within the rotation radius of the outer vertical cutter (Lo), has lower level overflow holes (4e,4w).    USE - For decomposing organic refuse collected at schools, homes and factories.    ADVANTAGE - Enables passing of processed refuse into the inner circles of rotary cutters even when the level of refuse is low on outside, as lower level overflow holes are provided in overflow pipe, hence improves stirring even when the level of refuse in process chamber is low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for deodorizing device of organic refuse processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of organic refuse processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Process chamber (2)    Overflow pipe (4)    Lower level overflow holes (4e,4w)    Rotary shaft (7)    Blades (8)    Stationary cutters (9)    Vertical cutters (Li, Lo)
NOVELTY - The electrode fluid distributor comprises a fluid passageway (204) having a number of adjacent segment pairs each comprising an inlet segment (232) and an adjacent outlet segment (234). The inlet segments are in fluid communication with an inlet, and the outlet segments are in fluid communication with an outlet, and a baffle (242) disposed between the adjacent inlet and outlet segments. Each inlet segment is in fluid communication with adjacent inlet segments and adjacent outlet segments, and further wherein each outlet segment is in fluid communication with adjacent outlet segments.    USE - Solid oxide fuel cell structure including a fluid distribution system.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes the problem of certain regions of the electrode being prone to diminished current density where the fuel used at certain regions contains spent fluid. This problem is overcome by the electrode fluid distributor including fluid passageways between a number of adjacent pairs of segments.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are made for: a) a solid oxide fuel cell; b) a method of fluid transport.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partial isometric view of a fluid passageway employed within the fluid distribution system.    Fluid passageway (204)    Inlet segment (232)    Outlet segment (234)    Baffle (242)
NOVELTY - The method involves carrying out operating temperature regulation by means of setting the quantity of at least one educt (separated substance) to be fed into the reformer. The operating temperature is held within a defined temperature range (TB) by the regulation process. The temperature range is defined by freely definable upper and lower limits (TG1,TG2).    USE - For setting operating temperature in reformer, especially in a fuel cell system in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes certain disadvantages of conventional arrangements, which are unsuitable for preventing or limiting temperature fluctuations.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a timing diagram of a temperature variation in a reformer using a first regulation strategy    defined temperature range (TB)    upper and lower limits (TG1,TG2)
NOVELTY - Wastes are mixed, sterilized and formed into a feedstock for digestion. Following this, the residues are pressed, de-watered and sent to combustion in a furnace. The furnace additionally burns the biogas from digestion. Biogas is also fed to a packaged generation plant, to produce heat and electricity. Thickened sludge is stripped of ammonia before further processing as described. It is recycled with recovered water. The liquid phase is also purified by reverse osmosis.    USE - To dispose of waste animal materials and sewage sludge, with the recovery of thermal energy and electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides an alternative to recycling slaughterhouse wastes as fodder and accords with modern hygiene regulations. The biogas is optionally further purified for use as a fuel, and de-watered residues are burned off, for energy recovery. Stripping prevents objectionable ammonia pollution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block flow diagram of the process implementation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A plant for pyrolyzing refuse comprises a set of pyrolysis chambers, each of which has (i) an afterburner connected to a central off-gas manifold and (ii) a gas inertizing device (not defined).    USE - For pyrolyzing refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The object is to dispense with expensive fans and control devices in order to reduce installation and maintenance costs and to increase the efficiency of the pyrolysis process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A plant for pyrolyzing refuse comprises:    (a) a set of pyrolysis chambers (1) which receive inertized refuse from a charging device and in which the refuse is carbonized with hot flue gas;    (b) a gas withdrawal system comprising an off-gas manifold (4), an afterburner for burning the mixture of pyrolysis gas and flue gas from the pyrolysis chambers, and control and mixing devices for producing a constant-temperature recycle gas;    (c) a gas outlet for withdrawing excess gas for energy generation;    (d) a gas supply manifold (7) for introducing the constant-temperature recycle gas into the pyrolysis chambers; and    (e) a system of fans, temperature and pressure control devices and valves for controlling the gas flow.    Each pyrolysis chamber has (i) its own afterburner (8) connected to the central off-gas manifold and (ii) a gas inertizing device (not defined).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the refuse pyrolysis plant.    Pyrolysis chamber (1)    Off-gas manifold (4)    Gas supply manifold (7)    Afterburner. (8)
NOVELTY - Production (I) of natural organic fertilizer (II), utilizes the microbe functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving and disaggregating phosphate and potash.    USE - (I) is used in the production of (II).    ADVANTAGE - (I) can improve soil, regulate crop's growth, raise crop's quality and provide green food.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production (I) of natural organic fertilizer (II), comprises:    (A) a culture of bacteria;    (B) the production of dry live bacteria product and dry carbon source product; and    (C) the mixing of said bacteria product with natural organic nitrogen, phosphate and potash matter in certain proportion.
NOVELTY - A cylindrical composting drum (7) rotates within a frame (1). The drum has especially a series of wall segments (20) mounted on telescopic rods (16) allowing the segments to move between closed (Pg) and open (Po) positions.    USE - Composting assembly for trade wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The drum wall segments can be lifted from the drum with their supports for cleaning access.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The telescopic rods have springs which maintain the segments either in the open or closed presentation, and are moved in the opposite direction by a jack (22). The jack system is fixed to the frame and does not move with the rotating drum. The lower segments are always maintained in closed presentation. The wall segments are made pref. of heat-insulating wood, maximising the rate of decomposition. In a preferred embodiment, the drum has a series of externally-mounted knife blades which can be inserted into the drum via slits.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of the drum and frame.    Drum (7)    frame (1)    wall segments (20)    telescopic rods (16)    jack (22)
NOVELTY - Planar fuel cell stack has means for providing co-flow of fuel and oxidant gases, and means for providing surface sealing a cell, which includes a plate having an aperture and a rim area adjacent the aperture, so as to provide an increased effective seal area.    USE - The co-flow fuel arrangement is used in SOFC, gas sensor and electrolysis apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - This construction improves sealing and gas flow, and provides for easy manifolding of cell stacks as well as an improved durability and operation with an additional increase in cell efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for co-flow planar fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an illustration of a multi-cell stack incorporating a two cell casing/holder and a co-flow manifolding.
NOVELTY - A method of production of solid materials (I) by crushing, fermenting and at least partially drying vegetable starting material (II). (II) is finely crushed, fermented by addition of microorganisms and dried in such a way that the non-fermented components of (II) are bonded by material from the microorganisms.    USE - (I) is used as a constructional material, especially in the production of insulation for buildings, packaging materials or furniture (all claimed). More generally (I) may be used as a substitute for conventional chipboard or fiberboard.    ADVANTAGE - A rigid, stable constructional material is obtained simply and inexpensively without use of conventional adhesives, i.e. by an ecologically acceptable method. (I) is easily recycled, or can be composted or burned without contaminating the environment. (I) can be sawed, glued, cut and drilled similarly to wood. (I) can be produced with a controlled porosity and in a variety of shapes (e.g. as tubes or arcs, as well as flat sheets), in particular (I) can be shaped similarly to dough and baked similarly to bread.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) the materials (I) obtained the process, where the strength of the final hardened material (I) is dependent on the organization of the microstructure of macromolecules, dispersed particles and coarse solids and gases, metabolites (specifically polysaccharides) and/or cellulose formed by the yeasts or bacteria; and    (2) apparatus for carrying out the process, including crushing, fermenting and drying devices
NOVELTY - A combustion gas supply unit (70) generates and supplies a combustion gas to a high temperature fluid passage (A). A rotary thermal matrix (21) rotates and moves alternatively between the low and high temperature fluid passages (B,A) so that heat of the combustion gas flowing in high temperature fluid passage is transferred to the reforming material flowing in the low temperature fluid passage (B).    USE - For hydrogen consumption device e.g. fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the heat of combustion gas is directly transferred to the reforming material, the distance for transmitting heat from the combustion gas to the reforming material is minimized and the deposition of the reforming material on walls of the rotary thermal matrix and blockage of through-holes of the rotary thermal storage is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of arrangement of components of the hydrogen supply device.    Rotary thermal matrix (21)    Combustion gas supply unit (70)    High temperature fluid passage (A)    Low temperature fluid passage (B)
NOVELTY - An evaporator (2) process raw fuel liquid with combustion heat by combusting exhaust gas output from a fuel cell (1) to obtain raw fuel gas. An air introduction unit (14) guides introduction of air from the evaporator to a reformer (3) and the reformer process raw fuel gas from the evaporator to obtain fuel gas for the fuel cell.    USE - Electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables correct mixing of fuel gas with the reforming air, and ensures high speed operation of the evaporator and reformer at the start of the fuel system. Suppresses rise of carbon monoxide concentration. Promotes miniaturization of the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Evaporator (2)    Reformer (3)    Air introduction unit (14)
NOVELTY - Several unit fuel cells stacked through separators, have at least one of a coolant supply and drainage passage, and a gas supply and exhaust passage. The edge of each passage along a pair of power output terminals (29) attached to each end of the fuel cell, is covered with an insulating grommet.    USE - Fuel cell stack for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The structure of the fuel cell stack prevents coolant from directly contacting the passage through the power output terminal plates. Hence, avoids increase of electrical resistance due to corrosion, and consequent decrease in the efficiency even when the terminal plate is made of high conductive metal. The insulating grommet avoids electric short circuit through the coolant. Hence, improves flexibility of selection of the coolant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the power output terminal.    Power output terminal (29)
NOVELTY - A U-shaped oxidant gas channel (211) and a V-shaped fuel gas channel are formed in the cathode separator (10) and an anode separator, respectively. The inlet/exit of the oxidant and the fuel gas channels are on different sides of the cathode and anode separators. The V-bend of the channels act as a buffer.    USE - Used for e.g. solid polymeric fuel cell and molten carbonate type fuel cell used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the turning portion of the oxidant gas channel corresponds to the inlet of the fuel gas channel, the humidification assembly size is reduced, humidification is improved and related water discharge assembly rate is also reduced. Since the V-bend acts as buffer, even if condensed water blocks a part of the grooves in the channel, the channels introduce reaction gas into the unblocked area so effective reactive area is not reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gas channel plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plan view of the cathode separator.    Cathode separator (10)    U-shaped oxidant gas channel (211)
NOVELTY - A supply system (20) of alternate fuel of light oil from waste edible oil comprises a waste edible oil collection equipment (10) for collecting waste edible oil, and alternate fuel of light oil manufacturing apparatus for producing alternate fuel of light oil from collected waste edible oil.    USE - For production of alternate fuel of light oil from a waste edible oil.    ADVANTAGE - Recycle of waste edible oil is increased as the waste edible oil is used for producing alternate fuel of light oil. Thus, environmental pollution by waste edible oil as pollutant blocking sewer pipe is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for card used for supply system which has recorded information of amount of waste edible oil. The preset amount of edible oil as recorded in the card is obtained upon insertion of the card.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of the supply system of the alternate fuel of light oil from collected waste edible oil. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Collection equipment (10)    Supply system (20)
NOVELTY - Refuse (1) is thermally decomposed at 350-750 degrees C in the presence of an alkaline substance (7) in a thermal decomposition furnace (B). The acidic gas component generated during decomposition is fixed as an alkali salt and the residue in the cracked gas is removed based on the solid content. A clean gas component and the solid content (6) after removing the alkali salt are effectively used.    USE - For utilizing refuse to produce a gas component which is utilized as gas for fuels, and a solid content which is utilized as a solid fuel for cement and blast furnace industries.    ADVANTAGE - The refuse is effectively and economically used as an energy resource without generating a harmful substances such as dioxins to the environment. The dust in the cracked gas is removed and led to electricity generation boiler. Hence the generation of electricity is performed with high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram which utilizes the refuse as energy resource.    Refuse (1)    Solid content (6)    Alkaline substance (7)    Thermal decomposition furnace (B)    High temperature dust collector (D)
NOVELTY - A modification reaction device (2) forms reformed gas by reaction of original fuel with supplied oxidizing agent. A controller (1) controls the flow rate of reformed gas and the oxidizing agent supplied to a carbon monoxide remover (4), based on the detected carbon monoxide concentration in the reformed gas.    USE - Fuel reformers for forming reformed gas by reforming original fuel containing hydrocarbon and water.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the efficiency of a fuel cell, and the heat generation of the carbon monoxide removal device is reduced. Reduces the carbon monoxide content effectively by the controlling flow rate of oxidizing agent. Cost reduction is achieved, since expensive carbon monoxide concentration sensor is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A flow rate sensor detects flow rate of reformed gas supplied to the carbon monoxide remover. A module calculates the flow rate of the gas formed by evaporator (5) by vaporizing original fuel based on change in flow rate of original fuel. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is detected, based on the detected flow rate of the oxidizing agent supplied to modification reaction device, the temperature of an evaporator and the flow rate of the gas from evaporator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire block diagram of fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Controller (1)    Modification reaction device (2)    Carbon monoxide remover (4)    Evaporator (5)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas production system comprises a reaction portion in which metal hydride is hydrolyzed using water or thermally decomposed using heat to form hydrogen, a catalyst is filled in the reaction portion, and a control portion. The control portion controls the quantity of water or heat applied to the reaction portion, depending on the hydrogen gas required.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas, used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas is produced stably and continuously.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for formation of hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of pH dependence of reaction rate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A water circulation unit (6) and an odor discharge unit (13) are provided to a connection unit (5) of primary and secondary deodorizing water tanks (2,4). A pair of porous partition plates (20,42) with filters (21,43) are vertically immersed into water stored in the primary and secondary deodorizing tanks, respectively.    USE - For use in organic refuse processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient deodorizing by providing a filter in the porous partition of each deodorizing tank. Accelerates deodorization and enables sufficient absorption of the offensive odor component. Prevents reduction of water level.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front and section views of the deodorizing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Deodorizing water tanks (2,4)    Connection unit (5)    Water circulation unit (6)    Odor discharge unit (13)    Porous partition plates (20,42)    Filters (21,43)
NOVELTY - The sulfur hexafluoride gas recovery apparatus has removal unit (I) (10) which has zeolite packing portion for purification and removal unit (II) (11) with a packing portion packed with zeolite having smaller average pore size than that in unit (I). The apparatus purifies the recovery gas circulating through zeolite which is the purifying agent.    USE - For removing unwanted gas, such as cracked gas from gas-insulated apparatus, and purifying sulfur hexafluoride.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus effectively removes the unwanted gas and purifies sulfur hexafluoride using only two processes. The apparatus is compact and is easily used on-site.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for sulfur hexafluoride recovery method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the model systematic diagram showing sulfur hexafluoride gas recovery apparatus.    Removal units (I,II) (10,11)
NOVELTY - The organic sludge for volume reduction (1) is dehydrated and fermented. Aeration of fermented sludge is performed. The fermentation and aeration are performed under an aerobic condition in the fermenter and the aerator.    USE - The method is useful for reducing the volume of organic sludge, such as surplus sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The method removes the odor of sludge by aerobic bacteria decomposition. The moisture content of the sludge is reduced to 15%, therefore the amount of combustion improver used in the incineration process is reduced. The combustion efficiency is increased and load to the environment is reduced. The volume of the sludge is reduced by reducing the volume of organic substance and moisture content. Since the volume is reduced by a compaction apparatus, the conveyance efficiency is increased and life prolongation of disposal field is enabled. An increased amount of sludge is processed continuously and recycled as a fertilizer. Since the bulk specific gravity is increased in a compaction apparatus, the sludge is recycled as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic composition of apparatus for organic sludge volume reduction. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sludge for volume reduction (1)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse is fermented after adding auxiliary material containing chaff, rice bran, charcoal, garlic, Natto or dead leaves, as main components.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The method is safe since chemical fertilizer is not used, and the method completely decomposes organic refuse which can be recycled as soil for gardening and prevents environmental contamination.
NOVELTY - Separation and refinement device (5) separates hydrogen from reformed gas containing hydrogen as raw material. A flow line (8) mixes hydrogen pole side exhaust gas with refinement device secondary side hydrogen rich gas. A controller (23) controls outlet gas pressure such that hydrogen flow rate in the reformed gas is maintained less than a fixed value.    USE - Fuel cell system for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide concentration in the hydrogen rich gas and concentration of impurities such carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc., are reduced greatly and thus improves hydrogen purity and thereby enhances fuel cell system efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the outline block diagram of the fuel cell system. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    separation and refinement device (5)    flow line (8)    controller (23)
NOVELTY - Gas sensor comprises heating unit, insulating base material, electromotive force type gas sensor portion, and semiconductor type gas sensor portion.    USE - For detecting gas concentration of e.g. carbon monoxide, methane, propane, isobutane, in combustible gas warning machines.    ADVANTAGE - The gas sensor is battery driven and provided domestic safety by warning gas leakage.
NOVELTY - Processing of waste material involves drying ground material, pushing material during pulverization and pressurization, supplying waste material and fermenting the waste material.    USE - For processing the citrus waste material such as mandarin orange, citron, Citrus sphaerocarpa and Sudachi citrus and used tea leaves such as green tea, black tea and oolong tea.    ADVANTAGE - The residue of fermentation process is used as effective fertilizer and by processing the waste material the putrid smell generation is inhibited. The use of fuel oil for processing is inhibited. The service condition of processing apparatus is very soft by using various kinds of aerobic fermentation microbes. The safety of using the fertilizer for agricultural products is high as it does not use any special aerobic bacteria.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ground material obtained by grinding and crushing the auxiliary material(s) in screw-type grinding apparatus (B), is dried and pushed out to atmosphere during pulverization and pressurization. The auxiliary material is chaff, rice straw, straw, withering grass, grass, pruned branch, waste wood material, humus solid and humus. The waste material such as citrus waste material, used tea leaves is supplied to fermentation tank and is stir mixed. The mixture is fermented in aerobic atmosphere by aerating a fermentation tank (1) and the waste material is processed.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic fertilizer which is obtained as a residue during waste material processing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of citrus waste material or used tea leaves waste treatment equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Screw type grinding apparatus (B)    Fermentation tank (1)
NOVELTY - By-products arising as a result of fatty-acids-methyl-ester production from vegetable oils (i.e. bio-diesel production) as sunflower husks and contaminated glycerol are combusted together in an economic energy production process. Contaminated glycerol may be combusted with various other solid wastes in alternative power plants.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of hazardous waste materials.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell assembly includes two cells each having an anode compartments (41, 42). A hydrogen supply circuit (10) providing supplies gas via two parallel branches (111, 112) controlled by valves (121, 122). A control periodically inverts the states of these two valves.    USE - Fuel cells for production of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Provides periodic purging with hydrogen to remove impurities of water and nitrogen, maintaining efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell comprises two cells each of which include anode compartments (41, 42) and a connection between the output (91) of the first anode compartment and the input (82) of the second anode compartment. There is also a connection between the output (92) of the second anode compartment and the input (81) of the first anode compartment. There is also a hydrogen supply circuit (10) providing supply via two parallel branches (111, 112) controlled by two opening and closing valves (121, 122). A control periodically inverts the states of these two valves. This action may be effected by making them sensitive to thresholds of pressure. Alternatively the valves may operate in response to sensors detecting the partial pressure of hydrogen in the anode cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the connections between the anode cells and hydrogen supply.    anode compartments (41, 42)    inputs (81, 82)    outputs (91, 92)    hydrogen supply (10)    circuit branches (111, 112)    valves. (121, 122)
NOVELTY - The procedure for recovery of water produced by a fuel cell uses a hydrophile filter (22) in the hydrogen circuit of the anode compartment. The gaseous product from the separator is recycled in the direction of the air-oxygen circuit input of the compartment. The water, emerging from the separator is free of gas, and is recycled toward the normal water circuit.    USE - Fuel cell for electricity production.    ADVANTAGE - Enables recovery of water produced in cell to maintain cell efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The procedure for recovery of water produced by a fuel cell includes the placement of a separator (20) in the hydrogen circuit of the anode compartment. This comprises a hydrophile filter (22) defining an admission compartment (21), and an output (23) connected to the normal circuit of the cell. This ensures a permanent passage for the anode fluid across the separator. The gaseous product from the separator is recycled in the direction of the air-oxygen circuit input of the compartment. The water, emerging from the separator is free of gas, and is recycled toward the normal water circuit. The cell may also includes two series separators, each equipped with a hydrophile filter, in the hydrogen circuit, defining input and output chambers connected to the water evacuation channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows    separator (20)    admission compartment (21)    filter (22)    output compartment. (23)
NOVELTY - A reformer (3) generates a reformate gas containing hydrogen from gaseous fuel supplied from a vaporizer. A valve (11) cuts off supply of gaseous fuel to the reformer from the vaporizer. Another valve (13) cuts off a recovery passage returning gaseous fuel in the vaporizer to a fuel tank storing liquid fuel.    USE - For generating reformate gas for fuel cell stack in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the supply of the reformer is immediately stopped, the flow of reformate gas to the vaporizer through the fuel cell stack is also promptly stopped. Thus, the time required in order to stop heat supply to the vaporizer is short which reduces the time required in order to stop the operation of the fuel cell power plant. Prevents unnecessary consumption of the fuel when the power generation amount of the fuel cell stack undergoes a sharp decrease or power generation by the fuel cell stack is stopped. Has improved operational efficiency by avoiding fuel wastage, since recovered fuel is reused in power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the fuel cell power plant.    Reformer (3)    Valves (11,13)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell unit has at least two electrodes (2,3), a first feed (5) for a first operating medium near the first electrode and a second feed (6) for a second operating medium near the second electrode. A changeover unit (7) is provided for changing the delivery of the first operating medium to the second feed and for changing the delivery of the second operating medium to the first feed.    USE - For converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The cost of reducing the CO concentration is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of an inventive fuel cell    electrodes (2,3)    feeds for operating media (5,6)    changeover unit (7)
NOVELTY - Composition (A) is a mixture of photosynthetic microorganisms (I) and photogenic bacteria (II) in a 'broad-band' biological solution.    USE - Composition (A) is used to treat (purify) waste water and/or slurry, derived from the chemical or pharmaceutical industries, metallurgical operations, agriculture, food or meat processing and restaurants/hotels.    ADVANTAGE - Waste treated with (I) is (practically) free of odor and can be discharged into the sewer without causing pollution. (A) can be added simply to the water without requiring the expensive equipment for biological waste water treatment. The microorganisms perform photosynthesis with hydrogen sulfide and water as substrates, producing oxygen and sulfur, also bind phosphate and nitrogen, degrade (in)organic materials and do not form toxic by-products. (II) produce the light required by (I). Treatment with (A) is an alternative to dumping, incineration and/or utilization of wastes and toxic substances.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for treating waste water and/or slurry by adding (A) to it before it is released into the communal sewerage system.
NOVELTY - The method involves taking gaseous fuel from a pressure reservoir or pressure line and using the pressure of the fuel to transport the oxidant, the reaction product and/or a coolant. An expansion chamber (4) is connected to the reservoir or pressure line (2) and a pump chamber (14) is connected to the volume containing the fluid to be transported.    USE - For operating fuel cell in which gaseous fuel is catalytically oxidized while generating electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The overall efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of operating an eletrolyzer and an arrangement for implementing the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of an fuel cell    expansion chamber (4)    pressure line (2)    pump chamber (14)
NOVELTY - The computer (10) determines the needed air amount as a desired amount. An air mass sensor (5) is arranged in the air supply to the second reactor (2), the measurement values of which are also supplied to the computer (10). So that the computer carries out the operation of the air supply regulator (4) directly depending on the measurement values of the air mass sensor corresponding to the respective existing value of the desired amount.    USE - Fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - System and method for cleaning process gas for fuel cell which is less costly than system and method used hitherto. It provides a simple an exact control of the air supply in the PROX step without great cost, in order to prevent damage to cell and undesired burning of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air supply regulator is a simple value with switching positions open and closed. The method for the fine cleaning of the process gas is carried out so that in the first reactor (1) the gas is pre-cleaned by a homogeneous water gas reaction and in a second reactor (2) it is fine cleaned by means of a preferential oxidation (PROX-step). For exact control of the air supply, the measurement values (2), of a CO-H2 sensor are used at the second reactor (2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure 1 shows a schematic view of a preferred design of the proposed system.    First reactor (2) Second reactor (1)    CO-H2 Sensor (3)    Air supply regulator (4)    Air mass sensor (5)    Fuel cell (6)    Anode (7)    Air supply (8)    Cathode (9)    Computer (10)
NOVELTY - The power plant includes a high temperature fuel cell (6), a reformer (3) for producing a fuel mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a combustion chamber (13), and a volume expansion engine (14). Fuel mixture enters the cell to produce electricity and hot gases from the cell are passed to the combustion chamber where any fuel remnants are burned. Exhaust from the combustion chamber drives the volume expansion engine which provides mechanical output.    USE - To provide power and heat for domestic and commercial buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Overall efficiency is improved by using combustion chamber heat from the volume expansion engine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Schematic diagram of the energy center    Fuel reformer (3)    Fuel cell (6)    Combustion chamber (13)    Heat engine (14)
NOVELTY - A composition (A) that accelerates decomposition of organic matter comprises, by weight, 2-30% concentrated base solution (B) of enzymes, 0.5-5% each of colorant (I) and stabilizer (II), and 60-97% water with pH 5-8.5.    USE - (A) is particularly used to accelerate decomposition of animal residues, i.e. complete carcasses, internal organs, bone and offal, e.g. slaughterhouse waste, resulting in a liquid, non-contaminating product that can be used as fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - (A) significantly increases the rate at which animal remains (including those of diseased animals with swine pest or mad cow disease) are decomposed. Its use does not cause environmental pollution (since it eliminates the need for incineration or use of inorganic chemicals) and represents no danger to public health. (A) can be stored for up to 1 year and is neither corrosive nor hazardous.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for preparing (A).
NOVELTY - Power plant system includes at least one fuel storage container and at least one expander that can receive fuel from the fuel storage container at a first pressure and provide the fuel to the power plant at a second pressure that is lower than the first pressure.    USE - For generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Enables energy recovery of at least portion of the fuel storage energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Power plant system also includes a first conduit fluidly coupling the fuel storage container and the power plant for delivering fuel from the fuel storage container to the power plant and at least one regenerative thermodynamic cycle engine thermally coupled to the first conduit such that heat may be exchanged between the fuel and a working fluid for the regenerative thermodynamic cycle engine. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following, an electrical current generating system, a process for providing fuel to a power plant and a process for providing hydrogen to at least one fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an axial section of a rotary PSA module.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a proton exchange membrane and oxidant flow field plate (12) having a substantial portion (77A) of the flow field formed of interdigitated reactant flow channels (86,87). The channels include a humidification zone with an electrolyte dry out barrier (38) and consist of flow-through channels (89) which permit the inlet reactant flow to be sufficiently low to permit humidification of the inlet gas and prevent electrolyte dry- out.    USE - To humidify dry incoming gases without neutralizing any of the electrochemically active area.    ADVANTAGE - Minimizes cost and extends life of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Part section of cathode flow field    Field plate (12)    Barrier (38)    Flow field (77A)    Flow channels (86,87)    Flow through channels (89)
NOVELTY - Preparation of nanometer-sized silver-palladium alloy powder comprises using a reducing agent (formalin, formic acid or sodium formate)-ethylene glycol.    USE - The nanometer-sized metal powder is used when smaller materials are required as well as delicate characteristics when the nanometer-sized silver-palladium alloy powder is coated on porous ceramic tube or porous stainless steel tube and adequate heat treatment is applied to form inorganic hydrogen separation membrane it's suitable to applied on reaction and separation of hydrogen in petrochemical industry, a hydrogen purification in fuel cell    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reducing agent is used at high temperature to reduce mixture solution of silver nitrate and palladium nitrate into nanometer-sized silver-palladium alloy powder with an average particle size of 2-10 nanometer and is suitable for various silver palladium ratios.
NOVELTY - Collecting fecal masses comprising introducing substances to promote their biodecomposition, keeping at about 40 degrees C and providing obligatory ventilation, is new.    USE - Agriculture, soil science.    ADVANTAGE - Innovation in question provides natural biological wastes processing at simultaneous thickening to the state of the compost briquette to be later introduced into the soil with no additional treatment or time interval with the purpose of rendering harmless.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Collecting fecal masses, introducing substances to promote their biodecomposition, keeping at about 40 degrees C and providing obligatory ventilation. On finishing the process of biodecomposition the mass collected is heated up to 104 -130 degrees C by keeping for 6 hours at this level. Electric connection of biotoilet to perform the method for obtaining compost contains a ventilator, a thermoregulator, heating elements, a device of protective detachment, indication elements, a temperature-sensitive element, safety devices, switches and resistors.
NOVELTY - An organic waste and/or wood type material is dry distilled and carbonized at 550-650 degrees C under a reduced atmosphere (vapor), in an carbonization installation (2), and a carbonized product is obtained.    USE - For manufacture of a carbonization product from organic waste of various types of sludge containing fertilizer components such as nitrogen, phosphorus acid and potassium.    ADVANTAGE - The organic waste containing fertilizer such as potassium, is efficiently collected by maintaining the temperature in the carbonization installation to 550-650 degrees C, and plant growth is not affected. The organic waste is carbonized at low temperature and the carbonized material is useful for environmental purification in improvement of meat quality, or livestock barn and cleaning is performed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship of temperature control of main components.    Carbonization installation (2)    Deodorization furnace (3)    Temperature rise burner (34)    Cooling blower (35)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse is processed by crushing the refuse into a paste in a crusher (1), and passing crushed refuse through a force feeding pump (2) into a methane fermentation tank (6) where the refuse is decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide gas.    USE - For processing organic refuse ejected from hotels, apartments, restaurants, supermarkets and foodstuff manufacturing units.    ADVANTAGE - The method effectively processes organic refuse without involving dilution of organic refuse with water. Hence, the capacity of the fermenter need not be enlarged. Since the method does not involve temporary storage of organic refuse, generation of decay or bad odor is effectively prevented. The method effectively ferments organic refuse at controlled temperatures, hence requires minimal energy during processing of organic refuse.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an organic refuse processor. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Crusher (1)    Feeding pump (2)    Tank (4)    Separator (5)    Methane fermentation tank(10) Separation unit (6)
NOVELTY - A reformation unit (24) supplies reformed fuel containing hydrogen to a fuel cell stack (10). A bypass valve (22) controls the flow of combustion gas from a catalyst combustor (28) to the reformation unit, when the combustion temperature of the combustor is less than a reference value.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Clogging of the catalyst of reformation chamber is prevented and hence deactivation of reformation chamber is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    fuel cell stack (10)    bypass valve (22)    reformation unit (24)    catalyst combustor (28)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse is crushed, dehydrated and dried and impurities are removed from the dried refuse. Organic refuse and sludge are mixed in a predetermined ratio and fermented to form compost.    USE - For composting organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The impurities in the compost are removed effectively. The water content and the pH in the organic sludge can be adjusted. Therefore, manufacture of stable compost is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for composting apparatus. The apparatus is equipped with crushing apparatus (3), drier (4), classification installation (5), mixer (6) and a fermenter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline block diagram of composting apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Crushing apparatus (3)    Drier (4)    Classification installation (5)    Mixer (6)
NOVELTY - A fluid stream flow switch reverses the direction of fluid stream flow after elapse of preset time period from the fuel cell operation. The time period is less than the mean life expectancy of the cell and has a value that is more than half the mean life expectancy but less than one percent of the mean life expectancy.    USE - For operating electrochemical SPE fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - As the fluid flow stream is reversed every few minutes, the fuel cell life or durability is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view of the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack.
NOVELTY - An inlet side through-hole (15a) and an outlet side through-hole (15b) are formed in a conductive separator (10), on either ends of a fuel gas flow channel. The inlet and the outlet side connection grooves (16a,16b) connect the inlet and outlet side through-holes with the fuel gas inlet and outlet side manifold apertures (11a,11b) which are formed on the anode and cathode sides of the separator.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell used in electric vehicle power source, portable power sources and domestic cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - In the conductive separator, the position at which the end of the gas flow channel is connected with the manifold aperture is changed in order to prevent mixing of gases. Therefore, even if the gasket is pressed down towards the gas flow channel of the separator to form a clearance in the contacting portion of the gasket and the separator the mixing of the two kinds of gases does not occur.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for conductive separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of the anode side conductive separator.    Conductive separator (10)    Manifold apertures (11a,11b)    Inlet side through-hole (15a)    Outlet side through-hole (15b)    Connection grooves (16a,16b)
NOVELTY - Treatment of waste disposal sites comprises introducing a gas with a higher oxygen content than air into the site through pipes.    USE - The treatment is useful for accelerating the aerobic phase of biodegradation.    ADVANTAGE - No special equipment is needed to supply the gas.
NOVELTY - A processing device (I), comprises: (A) a partition (17), which divides a chamber into a first compartment (27) housing the organic material and the liquid phase, and a second compartment (28) only housing the liquid phase; and (B) openings (24) permitting passage of the liquid phase between compartments.    USE - (I) is used for processing an organic material, particularly fruit or vegetables, in a liquid phase.    ADVANTAGE - (I) provides a low-cost device in which the air inside the tank would be replaced by an inert gas, such as nitrogen. While solving the problems posed by oxidation and aerobic fermentation of the organic material, such a device would not fail to prevent the loss of substances which are vital to the quality of the end product.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A processing device (I), comprises:    (A) a tank (2) having a wall (5) and a hatch (6) defining a chamber (7) for containing the organic material (S) and the liquid phase (L);    (B) a partition, which is housed inside the chamber, divides the chamber into a first compartment housing the organic material and the liquid phase, and a second compartment only housing the liquid phase; and    (C) openings permitting passage of the liquid phase between compartments.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show longitudinal section views of the processing device.    Tank (2)    Wall (5)    Hatch (6)    Chamber (7)    partition (17)    Cage (18)    End portion (21)    Radial face (21a)    Axial face (21b)    Pads (22)    Annular portion (23)    Openings (24)    Motor reducer (26)    Compartments (27, 28)    Axis (A)    Liquid phase (L)    Organic material (S)
NOVELTY - The system has at least one fuel cell (12) operated with hydrogen or combustion gas generated by a reformer and an internal combustion engine (16) operated with the same or a different combustion gas. An output of the fuel cell can be connected to an input of the internal combustion engine via a flow connection in order to feed exhaust gas from the fuel cell into the engine's combustion chamber.    USE - For vehicle with internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - Combustion gas required to operate the fuel cell system is not wasted unnecessarily and overall system efficiency is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of operating a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a system with a fuel cell and internal combustion engine    fuel cell (12)    valve element (14)    internal combustion engine (16)
NOVELTY - Reactor unit has sheet layers (2) partially forming a honeycomb structure (3) through which a fluid can flow. The layers having heating fluid channels (4) arranged parallel to the heating fluid direction (5) and gas mixture channels (6) arranged parallel to the gas mixture direction (7). The heating fluid channels and the gas mixture channels form an angle of 45-135, especially 90degrees.    USE - Used for steam reforming a gas mixture stream containing hydrocarbons in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor unit has a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The sheet layers are structured so that the gas mixture channels are arranged with the heating fluid channels between two sheet layers. The sheet layers forming the gas mixture channels have a catalytically active coating. The reactor unit further comprises an electrical heater.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the honeycomb structure.    sheet layers (2)    honeycomb structure (3)    heating fluid channels (4)    heating fluid direction (5)    gas mixture channels (6)    gas mixture direction (7)
NOVELTY - Solid fuel gasifying apparatus comprises fuel decomposition furnace and steam modifying furnace for decomposed fuel connected via heat composed gas passage.    USE - For burning wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus has a relatively small size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid fuel gasifying apparatus comprises fuel decomposition furnace and steam modifying furnace for decomposed fuel connected via heat composed gas passage. The heat decomposition furnace has an air inlet at the bottom of the furnace, a furnace bed on the upper side of the air inlet, and a gas outlet on the upper side of the furnace. The furnace bed comprises a laminate having small gaps all over for passing air. The steam modifying furnace has a modifying region, a heat decomposed gas inlet, a steam and air mixed gas inlet, an outlet for modified gas, and a heat shielding wall made of heat resistant globular material laminate having small gaps all over for passing the heat decomposed gas and the mixed gas.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) A heat decomposing furnace; and    (2) A steam modifying furnace.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the apparatus (Includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electrode assemblies formed in a base (14), has hydrophilic threads for absorbing reacted water. A fluid supply channel (32) and an exhaust channel (38) in the base, have mixing and water recovery and recirculation chambers (36,53) respectively. A fuel cell assembly formed by the electrode assemblies and the channels, is integrated by the electrical components in the base.    USE - Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) device used as power source for portable electronic device. Also applicable to fuel cells using hydrogen and ethanol.    ADVANTAGE - The reacted water is collected by the hydrophilic threads and recirculated, thereby providing less consumption and replenishment of water supply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for direct methanol fuel cell device fabrication method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the direct methanol fuel cell device.    Base (14)    Fluid supply channel (32)    Mixing water recovery chamber (36)    Exhaust channel (38)    Recirculation chamber (53)
NOVELTY - A reformer for producing hydrogen-rich gas from a hydrocarbon-containing liquid, having a housing containing at least one reformer zone and at least one inlet, includes a heat shield for thermally insulating the reformer, such that a reduction in the operating temperature of at least one reforming zone by 50% takes at least 8 hours    USE - The reformer is especially used for producing hydrogen to drive the fuel cell of an electrically powered automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The heat shield improves the cold start performance of the reformer, since the device is prevented from cooling too quickly. This is especially advantageous in automobile applications, where the devices are repeatedly reactivated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic and perspective diagram of the reformer.    Reformer (1)    Housing (2)    Reaction zones (3, 4, 5)    Interior space (6)    Inlets (7)    Heat shield (8)    Electrical heater (9)    Honeycomb structure (10)    Fuel cell (14)    Heat reservoir (15)    Axis (17)    Flow direction (19)
NOVELTY - In a reactor for partial oxidation of hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures (A), comprising a housing with an inner surface at least partially surrounding a honeycomb structure (with inlet and outlet end faces) through which (A) flows, the honeycomb structure has at least one free heat dissipating surface (facing the housing inner surface) with an emissivity of more than 75% (preferably more than 85%) at 600 degrees C.    USE - The reactor is especially a mobile reformer (claimed), e.g. for producing hydrogen-containing gas to drive the fuel cell of an electrically powered automobile.    ADVANTAGE - At transient high temperatures (ca. 1300 degrees C) reached during the partial oxidation, the honeycomb structure radiates heat at an increased rate to be absorbed by the housing, so that the reactor is protected against overheating of the honeycomb structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the reactor.    Reactor (1)    Housing (3)    Inner surface (4)    Honeycomb structure (5)    Inlet end face (6)    Outlet end face (7)    Free emitting surface (8)    External surface (9)    Cooling fins (10)    Heat exchanger (11)    Cooling medium (12)    Sensor (13)    Flow direction (14)    Microstructure (15)    Mixing region (23)    Catalyst (26)    Oxidant supply (29)    Burner (31)    Radiation direction (32)    Axis (34)    Reformer (35)
NOVELTY - A coated hydrogenation catalyst comprises a porous support material, an active metal component and a silica precursor. The ratio of ethylene hydrogenation activity to benzene hydrogenation activity (EHA:BHA) of the catalyst is higher than the EHA:BHA ratio of the same catalyst without the silica precursor.    USE - The catalyst is used for controlled hydrogenation of specific components in a hydrocarbon feedstock e.g. to selectively saturate olefinic rather than aromatic unsaturation.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogenation catalyst has controlled dispersion and activity. It has high activity for certain components (e.g. non-aromatic olefins) in a feedstock and a low activity for the other components (e.g. benzene and other aromatics). The catalyst provides maximum yields of valuable products while at the same time minimizing the yields of less valuable products.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell power source powers a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) apparatus (4) which produces oxygen enriched gas. The gas outlet of the PSA apparatus is connected to the cathode feed inlet of the fuel cell power source, for delivering the oxygen enriched gas to the fuel cell power source.    USE - For separating components in feed gas supplied to mammal such as human in medical clinics.    ADVANTAGE - The delivery of the oxygen enriched gas to the fuel cell power source increases the efficiency of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Portable gas separator;    (2) Portable oxygen concentrator;    (3) Gas separation method; and    (4) Method for providing oxygen enriched gas to human being.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a simplified schematic view of the rotary vacuum oxygen concentrator.    PSA apparatus (4)
NOVELTY - Preparation of enzyme protein for transforming methane into methanol using genes of methane fermenting bacterium, is new.    USE - For the preparation of methanol from methane.    ADVANTAGE - The method is more economic and efficient than prior-art methods.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of enzyme protein for transforming methane into methanol using genes of methane fermenting bacterium comprises: (1) synthesizing the primer of the gene sequence of the enzyme protein; (2) moulding the chromosome extracted from the bacterium, amplifying the target genes using the primer and PCR method; (3) cloning the vector from (2) and sub-cloning an expression vector; (4) culturing a transformation strand by introducing the expression vector into a host; (5) deriving the target protein in the transformation strand using a protein expression deriving agent; and (6) recycling the transformation strand.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a similar preparation by omitting (4) and (5).
NOVELTY - Electrochemical preparation of hydrogen peroxide comprises cathodic reduction of oxygen and anodic oxidation of hydrogen in a fuel cell fitted with a membrane electrode unit (MEU). The membrane consists of a sulfonic acid group-containing fluorinated polymer or copolymer. It has a thickness of greater than 50-300 microns. The reaction products and unreacted gases are then removed.    USE - Preparation of hydrogen peroxide, particularly an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.    ADVANTAGE - By using a thick membrane in the MEU of a fuel cell, a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide can be obtained than when using a thin membrane under given operating conditions e.g. pressure, temperature, current density and degree of moistening.
NOVELTY - The coolant is supplied from a coolant reservoir (50) to a fuel reactant inlet (37) and an oxidant reactant inlet (39) of the stack (11), when oxidant and fuel is not supplied to the inlets from an oxidant source (46) and a fuel source (42) respectively. The coolant flows into the stack so as to purge the fuel reactant and oxidant reactant flow paths of the stack.    USE - For purging stack of solid polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) type fuel cell system used in vehicle and power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Protects the fuel cell during transient periods such as start up and shut down. Minimizes or eliminates the unwanted reaction during shut down process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a purge system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell stack purging system.    Stack (11)    Fuel reactant inlet (37)    Oxidant reactant inlet (39)    Fuel source (42)    Oxidant source (46)    Coolant reservoir (50)
NOVELTY - An organic or inorganic metal compound, a ruthenium metal component and a carrier component are mixed and dissolved in a solvent, and an amorphous complex oxide formed is baked, to form a ruthenium group catalyst.    USE - For the manufacture of a ruthenium group catalyst used in a methanol reformer for producing hydrogen in a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst having high activity, reaction selectivity, durability and carbon monoxide selective oxidizing ability, is obtained. Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide which is the poisoning substance of fuel cell, is performed efficiently by the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal compound is a complex which has a ligand or alkoxide. The carrier component is an oxide of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zirconium and/or silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the solid polymer fuel cell apparatus which uses ruthenium group catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A low-temperature oxidation catalyst for burning gas containing hydrogen comprises at least one of platinum, iridium, and ruthenium, and/or palladium, as a catalyst component.    USE - For burning gas containing hydrogen in a reformer of a vehicle-mounted solid polymer fuel cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - A low-temperature oxidation catalyst which performs oxidation combustion at normal temperature is provided. The catalyst enables to start a hydrogen fuel motor vehicle stably at normal temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A low-temperature oxidation catalyst comprises a catalyst component supported on a carrier comprising a complex oxide of zirconia, alumina, ceric oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide and/or neodymium oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the low-temperature oxidation catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The aim is to limit by chemical intervention air pollution sulphurous odour emissions from raw sewage carrying, pressurised mains. Odours are caused by anaerobic action on some cpds. present in the mains. Odours tend to escape through grills and vents, mostly at effluent lifting pts. and at gullies partly filled by gravitation. The chemical used for deodorizing is NO3. This is produced by in situ nitrification by biological action, in the course of aerobic effluent purification.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Various savings are made by not having to purchase or handle chemical reagents. Denitrifcation also takes place, while obnoxious odours are minimised. Pressurised drain mains offer improved conditions for denitrification. Some signs of spontaneous anaerobic decomposition of organic cpds. (COD+BOD5). Could also be detected in the sewer mains, both under stagnation and flow conditions. Separate aerobic pretreatment of sniffed effluents is carried out in a purpose designed unique apparatus. This raises pretreatment efficiency levels by balancing action. (COD, BOD5 70-90%) and increases NH4 concentrations. Given these conditions, necessary deodorizing levels are reached with the aid of an effluent purification intermediate. As the role and simplicity of this apparatus is unique, it cannot form a part of the main process line. This apparatus pretreats only the conveyed sniffed effluent. The main aerobic treatment line deals with a combination of the piped small settlement effluent and of the anaerobically successfully pretreated sniffed effluent. The cumulative effects of the chosen technology, equipment, energy and cost savings gives an overall satisfying result.
NOVELTY - Intense combustion of a fuel gas (4) takes place in a first chamber with flue duct (5). Heat is transferred by conduction through the sealed wall (6) into the second chamber (2). The feeder (19) supplies organic material high in this chamber; a char (9) extractor operates at the base. Pyrolysis and slow combustion take place in the second chamber. The low gas offtake (10) extracts combustible gas. Some or all of this is passed through the duct (11) to the fuel gas burner inlet (4) of the first chamber.    USE - To pyrolyze organic wastes e.g. household refuse, plant matter or meat meal.    ADVANTAGE - The process generates gas and char continuously and economically. Little or no energy is required to support the process. The treatment cycle is especially short. Gas and char produced are valued industrially. In particular the char has a large surface area/weight ratio, suiting it for numerous applications. The process is environmentally-sound, producing no pollution, and all its products have applications elsewhere in industry.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding pyrolysis reactor. Preferred features: The second chamber is in thermal contact through a sealed wall (12) with a third chamber (3), i.e. a heat exchange jacket, through which water or steam flows. Gas produced in the second chamber passes down through it, to be extracted at the base. The char is collected in a container (16) to which the flue from the first chamber is connected. The flue gases are purified by passing them through the active carbon constituting the char.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A schematic cross section of the pyrolysis reactor is presented.    second chamber (2)    third chamber (3)    gas (4)    flue (5)    sealed wall (6)    char (9)    low gas offtake (10)    duct (11)    sealed wall (12)    container (16)    feeder (19)
NOVELTY - In a process to dispose of animal cadavers, the cadavers are minced and combined with a liquid e.g. water capable of fermentation. The mixture is then sterilized and converted to biogas that is used as fuel in a power generator. Residual liquid is released for further use.    USE - Process to convert animal cadavers to energy.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides an alternative method of cadaver disposal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pre-fermented mixture is mixed with other organic substances prior to fermentation. Sterilization takes place for 20 minutes at approximately 2.5 atmospheres and 135 degreesC.
NOVELTY - The system extracts hydrogen from a reservoir tank (35) under pressure or a reforming device and feeds it to the fuel cell arrangement (11) after expanding it to a lower pressure. Some unused hydrogen passes back to the tank via a return line (13C). A pump (10) recirculates the hydrogen and is driven by the energy of the pressure of the hydrogen extracted from the tank or coming from the reforming unit.    USE - For fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the pressure increase required for hydrogen recirculation to be achieved relatively inexpensively without fear of leakages.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a hydrogen supply system with a piston pump (Drawing includes non-English text)    reservoir tank (35)    fuel cell arrangement (11)    return line (13C)    pump (10)
NOVELTY - The device has a housing with an injection nozzle whose nozzle opening (13) with valve seat (14) in the housing forms an injection valve with a valve body (15) movable by an actuator (18,19) and a collection chamber (16) connected to liquid feed lines. One of the feed lines can be blocked by a dosing valve (22) actuated by a second actuator (24,25) and one of the liquids is at higher pressure than the other.    USE - For dosed injection of two liquids into reaction chamber, e.g. for use on a catalytic reformer for producing gaseous fuel for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables two liquids to be dosed via a common nozzle and the overall quantity and the ratio of the two liquids to be varied depending on various operating points.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: the use of an inventive device on a catalytic reformer for producing gaseous fuel for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic sectional representation of an inventive device.    nozzle opening (13)    valve seat (14)    valve body (15)    first actuator (18,19)    collection chamber (16)    dosing valve (22)    second actuator (24,25)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises an electrolyte matrix (3) arranged between an anode (1) and a cathode (2). The anode and/or cathode has a reactivity which varies with the progression of the fuel gas stream from the anode inlet to the anode outlet (14) and/or with the progression of the cathode gas stream from the cathode inlet (15) to the cathode outlet (16) with the homogenization of the gas reactions over the surface of the reactive layers of the anode and cathode.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A uniform current density is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a fuel cell comprising forming the reactive layers of anode, cathode and/or matrix by spraying the anode material, cathode material, electrolyte material or catalyst material onto a support structure and/or onto the half cell formed by the support structure and the anode or cathode. Preferred Features: The anode has a reactivity which increases with the progression of the fuel gas stream from the anode inlet to the anode outlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the fuel cell.    anode (1)    cathode (2)    electrolyte matrix (3)    anode outlet (14)    cathode inlet (15)    cathode outlet (16)
NOVELTY - Process for transporting and/or storing hydrogen in chemically fixed form for use as fuel and for releasing at the consumer site comprises using an alcohol as the chemical hydrogen storage medium; and releasing the hydrogen from the alcohol at the consumer site, forming a ketone.    USE - Transporting and/or storing hydrogen in chemically fixed form, for use as fuel in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A high degree of safety is guaranteed during transportation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The hydrogen is released from the alcohol by reactive distillation over a catalyst. The ketone is regenerated to the alcohol by conversion using electrolytically obtained hydrogen.
NOVELTY - A composting assembly has an angled rocking base and e.g. a domed or inverted funnel housing (1) with an organic refuse inlet (10) to a composting chamber (20). The composting chamber has especially two adjacent zones (20a , 20b).    USE - Compost bin. The bin presentation is reversed from time to time, promoting aeration of the contents while leaving composted material at the base.    ADVANTAGE - The bin maximizes the rate at which the composting process takes place and simplifies removal of compost suitable tools.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The base panels (A, B) have water drainage holes. The side panels and hatch have air ventilation holes. The housing may be tilted from side to side about an axis (8) at chosen intervals, inverting the container contents. The base panels (A, B) are hinged flaps.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of the composting container.    Hinged base flaps (A, B)    tilt axis (8)    access hatch (18)    composting chamber zones (20a, 20b)
NOVELTY - The invention relates to an electricity generating method used in fuel battery with proton exchange membrane. The current is generated as follows. Hydrogen gas with high pressure in hydrogen gas source chamber is decompressed and buffered through a buffering chamber for hydrogen gas. The decompressed hydrogen gas enters into electricity generating unit where electrochemical reaction happens on a proton exchange membrane, current being generated. The invention makes operation of thin kind of fuel battery stable and reliable. Moreover, it provides a special set with unique structure and stable working performance for said electricity generating method.
(AT200100637-A)   NOVELTY - Combined heating and power station comprises a fuel cell and a reformer (2) impinged with the exhaust gas from the fuel cell. The reformer is connected to a metal hydride hydrogen storage device (3) which in turn is connected to the fuel cells on the outlet side.    USE - Used as a combined heating and power station.    ADVANTAGE - The station can be quickly started up.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The metal hydride hydrogen storage device contains metallic elements, e.g. Pd, Mg, La, intermetallic compounds such as ZrMn2, LaNi5, Mg2Ni or multiple phase alloys such as TiNi-Ti2Ni or Mg-Mg2Ni. A bypass line (15) is arranged parallel to the hydrogen storage device and is connected to it via switching valves (7, 8) in a connecting line (14) between the reformer and the hydrogen storage device and in a removal line of the hydrogen storage device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the combined heating and power station.    reformer (2)    metal hydride hydrogen storage device (3)    switching valves (7, 8)    connecting line (14)    bypass line (15)
NOVELTY - A vegetable fiber-digesting agent (I), comprises a microorganism-originated vegetable fiber-digesting enzyme and no microorganisms.    USE - (I) are used for treatment of vegetable waste, which is applicable for processing vegetable waste like rice straw, husk, wheat straw, bagasse, taro leaf or other falling leaves or wood chips (all claimed) outdoors, e.g. in paddy field.    ADVANTAGE - (II) is convenient, and can be operated at reduced cost, low energy consumption and less processing time, without microorganisms or environmental problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process (II) of treating vegetable waste with (I).
NOVELTY - Accelerating (M1) biocatalytic or hormonal processes comprising treating the water in a material with O2 or with an aqueous medium which has been treated with O2 before or during the process, is new.    USE - (M1) is useful for stimulating biocatalytic or hormonal processes in soil or plant substrates (especially in soils with a clay content over 15% or in nutrient solutions), setting (especially raising) redox potentials or increasing nitrification in soils, accelerating biocatalytic or hormonal processes in endo- or exo-genous enzymes, increasing the activity of glucosidase, laccase, Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)-reductase or dehydrogenase, accelerating hydrocarbon degradation in waste treatment or remediation, in food production or processing (especially of yeast, aromas, fermented products or sugar), accelerating fermentation, recovering raw materials, feedstuff production, production of pharmaceuticals or chemicals, biotechnology, agriculture, forestry or living organisms (claimed).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows plots of redox potential (Eh) against time in days for the treatment of clayey loess soil with 'AquaNovalis' (O2-activated moist air) and with air containing deionised water vapor.
NOVELTY - A hot reformed gas inlet has multiple jets arrayed circularly about an atomizing water inlet and at an acute angle (alpha) with respect to the longitudinal axis of a precooler (18), so as to create a swirling and recirculating flow of the reformed gas in the recirculation-cooling zone of the precooler.    USE - E.g. auto-thermal reformer (ATR) fuel cell system for use with vehicular application.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the use of compact precoolers for other types of fuel processing devices like thermal steam reformers or partial oxidation devices. Ensures a cooled reformed gas at the desired temperature and the gas stream is free of water droplets. By vaporizing all the water in the precooler, the process ensures a minimal pressure drop from the inlet of the precooler to the outlet of the precooler.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Gas cooling system; and    (2) Hydrocarbon fueled reformed gas cooling process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of auto-thermal reformer fuel cell system.    Precooler (18)
NOVELTY - A composter, an insulated container, comprising an outer plate of rigid material, an inner plate of corrosion resistant material, and a heat insulating material layer located between the two plates, where the composter is provided with loading and emptying hatch, ventilating holes, and a rotating and homogenizing mechanism or special buffles to homogenize organic material, is new.    USE - For composting organic material.    ADVANTAGE - The composter is not too large and is easy to handle. It enables easy homogenizing due to the fact that the required temperature is easily achieved and maintained. It is also easy to manufacture and not too expensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for composting organic material comprising periodic loading organic materials into the composter, rotating and homogenizing the organic materials and incubating for a predetermined time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show various parts of a composter.    Wheels (1)    Heat insulating material layer (2)    Base (3)    Buffles (7)
NOVELTY - A pulp and paper mill process comprises part processes for the production of pulp and paper, for recycling of cooking chemicals, and for combustion of biomass and generation of heat and electric energy. Recycling cooking chemicals is adjusted from combustion to gasification to generate synthesis gas. Biomass is added for compensating for the decrease in heat and electricity generation.    USE - For synthesis gas production in combination with the production of pulp and paper.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces synthesis gas from biomass derived fuels in a simpler and in a more energy efficient way.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A pulp and paper mill process comprises a part process for the production of pulp and paper, a part for recycling of cooking chemicals, and a part process for combustion of biomass and generation of heat and electric energy. The part process, which is recycling cooking chemicals, is adjusted from combustion to gasification to generate synthesis gas. Biomass is added for compensating for the decrease in heat and electricity generation as a consequence of the generation of synthesis gas.
NOVELTY - Preparation of transition metal-containing zeolite catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis and calcification, comprises using a transition metal carbonyl, isonitrile or cyano complex.    USE - For the oxidation of organic compounds, particularly phenol from benzene, cresol from toluene, methyl-substituted phenol, trimethylphenol and trimethylhydroquinone from trimethylbenzene, nitrophenol from nitrobenzene, aminophenol from aminobenzene and halophenol from halobenzene, benzcatechin, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucin, tocopherols and propylene oxide from propene, and in fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The selectivity, activity and conversion are high, the catalyst is thermally stable and the product is easily separated from the catalyst (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of transition metal-containing zeolite catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis and calcification comprises using a transition metal carbonyl, isonitrile or cyano complex of formula (I):    (metal2(CO)a(CN)b(CNR)c(X)d(Y)e)m (I)    R = 1-10C alkyl;    a-e = 0 or integer where a+b+c+d+e = at least 1;    X and Y = volatile component; and    m = 0 or positive or negative whole number.
NOVELTY - A fuel generating apparatus has a vaporizer, a reformer, a carbon monoxide eliminator, and a reforming air amount control device.    USE - For a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a fuel gas generating apparatus having fast warm-up of a reformer, a CO eliminator, or a system gas path, and fast stabilization of a fuel gas composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel generating apparatus comprises a vaporizer that generates a fuel vapor by vaporizing a raw liquid fuel. A reformer is provided for generating a reforming gas that includes hydrogen from the raw fuel gas that has been partially oxidized by adding reforming air to the fuel vapor generated by the vaporizer. A carbon monoxide (CO) eliminator is provided for generating a fuel gas having CO eliminated by adding a CO eliminating air to the reforming gas generated by the reformer. A reforming air amount control device is provided for controlling the supplied amount of the reforming air during the warm-up of the reformer to become larger than the supplied amount of reforming air during the idle operation after completion of the warm-up.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a drawing showing the schematic structure of the inventive fuel gas generating apparatus.
NOVELTY - A fuel plate (44), a barrier plate (42) and an oxidant gas plate (40) are laminated sequentially, such that fuel flow field (17), barrier portion and oxidant gas field are centrally positioned in the interconnect. Fuel intake manifold (30), fuel exhaust manifold (32), oxidant intake manifold (34) and oxidant exhaust manifold (36) are peripherally positioned in the interconnect.    USE - For solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures gas integrity of the two gas streams flowing through the fuel cell stack. Interconnect design is simplified and manufacturing cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid oxide fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view of the interconnect.    Fuel flow field (17)    Fuel intake manifold (30)    Fuel exhaust manifold (32)    Oxidant intake manifold (34)    Oxidant exhaust manifold (36)    Oxidant gas plate (40)    Barrier plate (42)    Fuel plate (44)
NOVELTY - A gas distribution layer is secured centrally to each side of a metal layer containing coolant flow openings in the corners and gas flow openings along its sides.    USE - For proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC's) used to replace internal combustion engines in cars.    ADVANTAGE - Bipolar plates can be made by soldering or welding together metal components, which results in a relatively cheap and strong plate. The plate has excellent electrical conductivity, heat conductance, mechanical stability and tightness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bipolar plate for fuel cells or electrochemical reactors comprises a distribution component on either outer side of a metal layer, for distributing gas over a cathode or anode surface. The plate comprises a welded-together metal unit with passages for gas and coolant to flow through. A distribution unit in the form of a rectangular gas distribution layer is centrally secured, preferably by soldering, to each side of the metal layer. Length direction gas flow openings are located close to the top, bottom and side edges of the metal layer, outside the gas distribution layer. Gas flow after the cathode surface on one side of the plate is at right angles to the corresponding gas flow after the anode surface on the other side of the plate. Coolant flow openings are provided in each corner of the metal layer. A separate coolant circuit (3) can be integrated into the metal layer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the use of the plate for constructing a fuel cell stack or electrochemical reactor.
NOVELTY - A method for treating livestock wastewater using feeding stuff including microorganisms is provided, in which the feeding stuff contains Bacillus subtilis CP220 (KCTC 8831P), Rhodospirillum rubrum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this method, the feeding stuff containing above microorganisms is fed to livestock. And livestock wastewater is separated into excrement and pee. Excrement is fermented for 3-4 hours, and digested for 6-12 hours for manufacturing manure. Pee of livestock waste is aerated and digested for discharging into the air.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The preparation method of the feeding stuff includes: (i) cultivation of Bacillus subtilis, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a culture solution comprising sugar, soybean flour, brewing dregs, and defatted rice bran at 40deg.C for 2-3days; (ii) addition of elvan, defatted rice bran, activated carbon, and zeolite for controlling water content to 40-45%; (iii) fermentation the obtained mixture at 40 deg.C for 6-7 days. Bacillus subtilis restrains pathogenic bacteria in innards of livestock. Rhodospirillum rubrum has deodorizing ability and side effect for maximizing propagation of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lactobacillus acidophilus helps digestion of feed. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is decomposed into saccharide, fat, protein, and nucleic acid in stomach of livestock.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas formation equipment (10) consists of a reaction portion in which hydrogen is formed by the hydrolysis of metal hydride (12). A coating inhibition mechanism is provided which inhibits the quantity of reaction product which coats the surface of the unreacted metal hydride.    USE - For fuel cell system used in electrically driven motor vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reaction rate of the hydrolysis reaction of the metal hydride is improved. Hydrogen gas is formed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Fuel cell system. The fuel cell system consists of a fuel cell (2) which performs electricity generation by the supply of the obtained hydrogen;    (2) Motor vehicle driven by electric power which contains the fuel cell;    (3) Hydrogen gas formation method. The method involves performing reaction promotion process which inhibits quantity of reaction product which coats the unreacted metal hydride at the time of hydrolyzation of the metal hydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the vehicle containing the hydrogen gas formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Hydrogen gas formation equipment (10)    Metal hydride (12)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen (7) is generated by thermally decomposing a complex metal hydride (5) by heating in the presence of a catalyst (6). The substance and the metal of at least one kind of the catalyst, is selected from a metallic oxide and carbonaceous material.    USE - For generation of hydrogen used for synthetic chemical industry, petroleum refining.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen of sufficient amount is generated by accelerating thermal decomposition of complex metal hydride at low temperature. The hydrogen generation method and the hydrogen generator, are useful by using the complex metal hydride as hydrogen supply source of a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen generator (1) having a heating apparatus (4) for heating complex metal hydride and complex metal catalyst arranged inside a reaction container (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model of the hydrogen generator.    Hydrogen generator (1)    Reaction container (3)    Heating apparatus (4)    A complex metal hydride (5)    Catalyst (6)    Hydrogen (7)
NOVELTY - A selective oxidation catalyst of carbon monoxide performs oxidation removal of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing-gas selectively, and comprises an active metal component such as iridium supported on a carrier.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide selectively from hydrogen-containing-gas and used at the later flow side of methanol reformer which performs hydrogen production in a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The selective oxidation catalyst containing iridium effectively inhibits the adsorption of hydrogen. Since adsorption of carbon monoxide is accelerated, selective oxidation is performed effectively. The catalyst has high-performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid polymer fuel cell using iridium group catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A carbonization device (21) has a combustion chamber (25) and a dry distillation unit (23). A high temperature combustion gas passageway (26) is arranged surrounding the dry distillation unit. A detachable refuse container (32) which accommodates refuse (33) is provided in the dry distillation unit.    USE - For the carbonization of flammable refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the carbonization of flammable refuse in a short time and with less noise. Enables insertion and extraction of the refuse container easily into and from the distillation unit, as a detachable refuse container is used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the carbonization device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbonization device (21)    Dry distillation unit (23)    Combustion chamber (25)    High temperature combustion gas passageway (26)    Detachable refuse container (32)    Refuse (33)
NOVELTY - A waste material carbonization apparatus has a feed drive unit to fed the waste material into a carbonization chamber (2) which has an inlet (1) and a discharge port (10) for waste material, and a superheated steam formation unit. The waste material is thermally decomposed by the steam.    USE - For carbonizing organic waste material such as organic refuse, foodstuff residue and construction waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The generation of toxic substances such as dioxins from the waste material carbonization apparatus is prevented. Harmful components are completely deodorized. The energy of combustion formation gas is utilized for forming superheated steam, therefore energy is conserved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vertical front view of the waste material carbonization apparatus.    Insertion opening (1)    Carbonization chamber (2)    Discharge port (10)
NOVELTY - The heating gas reformer in a fuel cell system has a desulfurizer (2), a modifier (3), carbon monoxide transformer (4), carbon monoxide removal device (5), vaporizer (6), a modifier burner (3b) and a heat exchanger (13), all integrated in a box (1).    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon group heating gas, such as town gas.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer reforms heating gas effectively with reduced energy consumption and without overheating of fan.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the outline of the side view, top view and sectional drawing of the heating gas reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Box (1)    Desulfurizer (2)    Modifier (3)    Modifier burner (3b)    Carbon monoxide transformer (4)    Carbon monoxide removal device (5)    Vaporizer (6)    Heat exchanger (13)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacture involves removing carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide leaked and mixed in hydrogen which is separated from reformed gas by using hydrogen separation membrane (5) and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The yield is improved. The hydrogen separation membrane removes hydrogen reliably even when the reformed gas, containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide leaks to a transmission side. The separation membrane with small film thickness is produced easily. The hydrogen is manufactured economically. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation membrane (5)
NOVELTY - A pair of temperature sensors (41,43) detects temperature in reformation unit (11) that reforms raw material gas supplied through a gas flow path (21) and a selective oxidation unit (12) oxidizes selectively carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas. A controller (44) controls a shutoff valve (31) and flow regulating valves (32,33) for regulating the flow of reformed gas, based on pressure of the reformed gas that is determined from the output of the temperature sensors.    USE - For use in fuel cell electricity generation system used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The pressure of the reformed gas is determined accurately. Size reduction and weight reduction of the reformation system is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformation unit (11)    Oxidation unit (12)    Gas flow path (21)    Shutoff valve (31)    Flow regulating valves (32,33)    Temperature sensors (41,43)    Controller (44)
NOVELTY - Obtaining a lactic acid fermentation raw material, comprising heating an organic refuse (16) at 40-70 degreesC, and removing water content, is new.    USE - For production of lactic acid fermentation raw material from organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The lactic acid fermentation raw material of high yield is obtained economically from the organic refuse. The organic refuse is effectively dried using domestic waste heat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for producing the lactic acid fermentation raw material. The apparatus has a heat generation machine for removing the water content from the organic refuse accommodated in an organic refuse container (15) which is equipped with an inlet port and an outlet port. The heat generation machine uses exhaust heat of a separate apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an outline sectional view of a fermentation apparatus.    Organic refuse container (15)    Organic refuse (16)    Heat release panels (17,33)    Compressor (27)    Refrigerator (31).
NOVELTY - A fluid passageway has an inlet and an outlet (208), to pass fluid to the outlet through a baffle (216). The width of the baffle reservoir (230) decreases gradually from the inlet to the outlet.    USE - For solid oxide fuel cell stack in internal combustion engine in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform fuel distribution results in higher cell output, decreased fuel waste, capability to produce smaller cells, improved durability through decreased thermal gradient and decreased effort requirement for thermal management.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solid oxide fuel cell stack; and    (2) Fuel cell operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial plan view of the fluid distribution system.    Outlet (208)    Baffle (216)    Reservoir (230)
NOVELTY - Generation of H2 from aqueous alkali solutions using Si and/or Si alloys in dissolved Si ion form is such that the process is effected at below 150 degrees C so that the dissolved ions do not separate out from the solution as crystalline, anhydrous SiO2.    USE - Claimed use of the apparatus is in H2 synthesis for vehicles driven by fuel cells, H2 motors and the like.    ADVANTAGE - The disadvantages associated with the process described in the applicant's DE19954513 (eg length of time to reach the operating temperature) are overcome and the new process requires lesser amounts of water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also included is an INDEPENDENT CLAIM for apparatus for the H2 production comprising a reactor (1) for the particulate Si (alloy) having a feed opening (2), a feed (4) for the aqueous alkali solution, an outlet (3) and connected control valve (10) for removing the alkali solution and the H2 which has a branch (18) with a gas valve (5,6) for removing the H2; there is also a crystallizer (9), connected via pipe (3) to reactor (1), for removing the crystalline SiO2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic flowchart comprising the following elements :    reactor (1)    filling opening (2)    outlet (3)    feed pipe (4)    valves (5,6)    silicon supplier (7)    recycle line (8)    crystallizer (9)    control valves (10,11)    filler opening (12)    silicon dioxide feeder (13)    movable wall (14)    feed vessel (15)    inlet valve (16)    volume control device (17)    pipe branch (18)
NOVELTY - A method for the hydrolytic cleavage of organic substances as in Claim 1 or 2 of DE-A 10106115.3 involves the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds in organic substances by reaction with supercritical water vapor (SCWV).    USE - For the production of combustible fuel or motor fuel from organic materials of animal, vegetable or industrial origin such as waste plastics, oil seeds, peanut shells, meat, sugar cane, fish scales and bones, wax-containing grasses, sea-food shells etc.    ADVANTAGE - An energy-saving method enabling the production of liquid or gaseous fuel from waste plastics or animal and vegetable materials, by hydrolytic cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds with supercritical water vapour in simple equipment without using catalysts. The process also improves the first-stage production of the required starting substances (oils, fats, waxes etc.) from natural materials and may give rise to useful by-products, e.g. chitin and its derivatives (from crustacea) with possible applications in paint and explosives.
NOVELTY - Catalytic arrangement (10) comprises two separate catalyst volumes (14, 16); and an educt feed line (18) arranged upstream of the catalyst to feed the educt stream (20) selectively into one or more of the volumes.    USE - Used in vehicles for treating the educt stream.    ADVANTAGE - The optimum dwell time is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The catalyst volumes are formed in such a way that the same or different catalytic individual processes take place. The volumes are thermally coupled together. The reactions taking place are catalytic reactions, chemical reactions, reforming reactions or adsorption reactions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the catalytic arrangement.    catalytic arrangement (10)    catalyst volumes (14, 16)    educt feed line (18)    educt stream (20)
NOVELTY - A modular multifunctional fuel cell comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic end plate (1) with integrated media distribution and sensors; a current removal plate (2) with channels for media; a plastic sealing support; a polymer electrolyte membrane; a unipolar plate as a gas distributor; a fine gas distributor; a seal for the polymer electrolyte membrane cell elements; an electrically conducting gas-tight film (e.g. graphite film) with different openings for the media flow; and a seal (10) uniformly distributed over the surface. The fiber-reinforced plastic end plate mechanically stabilizes the cell and is thermally insulated from the surroundings.    USE - Used as a multiple cell battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is reliable and quick to install.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The unipolar plate is made from graphite having a structured surface on the side facing away from the media flow. The media is air, oxygen-enriched air, hydrogen or hydrogen-rich reformate gas, deionized water or insulating oil.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell.    Fiber-reinforced plastic end plate (1)    Current removal plate (2)    Seal (10)
NOVELTY - Device for producing hydrogen comprises a reformer (3) for converting hydrocarbon gas and water into hydrogen and further reformer products connected to a heat exchanger (4) for pre-heating the hydrocarbon gas and the water. The heat exchanger is connected to further heat exchangers (8, 9, 10) forming a catalytic heat transfer fitting a temperature profile.    USE - Used for operating fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Conversion of educts into energy is efficient. The device is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: All components are arranged in a housing (11) with corresponding feeding and removal connections. The reformer is provided with a heat producer to further heat the hydrocarbon gas and the water. A burner (1) is provided to burn a part of the hydrocarbon gas fed to the reformer. The reformer is cylindrical or pot-shaped and partially surrounds the burner. The burner is provided with a waste gas guide (2) which is likewise connected to the heat exchanger (4) forming a catalytic heat transfer fitting a temperature profile. The waste gas guide is in the form of an annular channel which encloses the reformer and the catalyst stages (5, 6, 7).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a longitudinal section through the device.    burner (1)    waste gas guide (2)    reformer (3)    heat exchanger (4, 8, 9, 10)    catalyst stages (5, 6, 7)    housing (11)
NOVELTY - Applying excessive chemical fertilizer results in soil hardening, environmental pollution, negative impact on ecological balance and harmful effect on people's health. The present invention aims at providing one kind of efficient organic ecological fertilizers by using fast straw rotting agent and through high temperature composting process. Various organic waste is rotted fast to be changed into fertilizer, and various beneficial bacteria and inorganic nutrients are added to produce serial efficient organic ecological fertilizer.
NOVELTY - A compact fuel processor comprises a reforming stack (10) for converting hydrocarbon fuel feed (100) into a hydrogen-rich gas (150), and a purification stack (20) for producing a hydrogen-rich gas suitable for direct feed to a fuel cell.    USE - For converting a hydrogen fuel feed such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline or diesel into purified hydrogen-rich gas used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processor produces purified hydrogen-rich gas suitable for direct feed to the fuel cell. The reactor feed is preheated with hot reactor effluent hence the pressure drop is lowered, energy efficiency is improved, and flow path is shortened. The cylindrical vessels of the reforming and purification stacks are stackable without the need for connecting piping to each vessel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the compact fuel processor apparatus.    Reforming stack (10)    Purification stack (20)    Hydrocarbon fuel feed (100)    Finned heat exchanger (102)    Anode tail gas oxidation vessel (104)    Preheated hydrocarbon fuel stream (114)    First desulfurization vessel (116)    Desulfurized hydrocarbon fuel feed (118)    Air (122)    Preheated water stream (124)    Autothermal reforming vessel (128)    Second desulfurization vessel (132)    Desulfurized intermediate hydrogen stream (134)    Shift vessel (136)    Oxidation vessel (144)    hydrogen-rich gas (150)
NOVELTY - A manifold mixes the hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen containing gas (A) to output fuel mixture. An autothermal reactor (206) has a catalyst for reacting the fuel mixture to output hydrogen containing gaseous mixture to catalytic shift reactor (208) which produces intermediate gaseous mixture with reduced carbon monoxide content. A selective oxidation reactor (211) produces the hydrogen rich gas by reacting intermediate mixture.    USE - For producing hydrogen rich gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Minimizes flow path. Reduces energy loss and improves the overall efficiency of power generation by fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel processor.    Autothermal reactor (206)    Catalytic shift reactor (208)    Selective oxidation reactor (211)    Gas (A)
NOVELTY - Each shell has an interior space of passing gas from one end to the other end. A processing core is provided in the space, for effecting a chemical, thermal or physical change to the gas stream. A thermally insulating layer is arranged between the shell and the processing core.    USE - For producing hydrogen-rich gas for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide content is reduced in the hydrogen-rich gas by water stream gas reactor. Modular units are used in any orientation, and is adapted to use with fuel cell, such that hydrogen-rich product gas of the reactor is directly supplied to fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the compact fuel processor apparatus.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen supply device comprises a hydrogen occlusion tank in which hydrogen occluding alloy is accommodated. A supply unit supplies hydrogen to a hydrogen-using apparatus. A mixing unit mixes air warmed by heat generated when the hydrogen-using apparatus consumes hydrogen, with an air of different temperature. A heating unit heats the hydrogen occlusion tank using the mixed air.    USE - For use in e.g., fuel cell system or hydrogen engine.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive hydrogen supply device is of simple construction and can be made small and light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen supply device comprises a hydrogen-using apparatus (7), and a hydrogen occlusion tank (1) in which a hydrogen occluding alloy is accommodated. A hydrogen supply unit (9, V1, 13) supplies hydrogen released from the hydrogen occlusion tank to the hydrogen-using apparatus. A mixing unit (21, 23, 25) mixes air warmed by heat generated when the hydrogen-using apparatus consumes hydrogen, with air having a different temperature from the warmed air. A heating unit (5) heats the hydrogen occlusion tank by using the mixed air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagram illustrating a fuel cell system for vehicle incorporating the inventive hydrogen supply device.    Hydrogen occlusion tank (1)    Heating unit (5)    Hydrogen-using apparatus (7)    Hydrogen supply unit (9, V1, 13)    Hydrogen storage tank (19)    Mixing unit (21, 23, 25)    Flow control unit (V2-V4)
NOVELTY - A metal catalyst is reacted with degassed aqueous organic acid solution in a reaction vessel. The reaction forms a metal oxide and generates hydrogen. The organic acid component of aqueous organic acid solution reduces metal oxide and hence regenerates catalyst and produces water. Thus oxidation and reduction reoccurs in a continuous reaction cycle.    USE - For producing hydrogen which is used as a clean fuel source for heat engine or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is produced continuously and economically. The production of hydrogen is easy and the catalyst is inexpensively regenerated. The generated hydrogen is converted to usable energy in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal catalyst is reacted with degassed aqueous organic acid solution in a reaction vessel adapted for supporting and maintaining anaerobic environment. The reaction is carried out at 80degreesC or more, and at a pH of 4-9. The reaction forms a metal oxide and generates hydrogen. The organic acid component of the aqueous organic acid solution reduces the metal oxide and hence regenerates the catalyst and produces water. Thus oxidation and reduction reoccurs in a continuous reaction cycle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an illustration of the hydrogen production using iron catalyst.
NOVELTY - An excrements processing method comprising mixing and cultivating a microorganism group (an amphoteric or aerobic microbe fermentation microorganism group), a timber chip and a rice straw, and adding excrements to the cultivated culture medium, is new.    USE - For removing odor of compost and odor substances such as soil.    ADVANTAGE - The odor of a compost and odor substances such as soil is removed in a short duration. A good, healthy and safe compost is obtained by excrements processing method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a compost;    (2) a culture medium; and    (3) a fermented timber chip.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the excrements processing apparatus used for excrements processing.    Microorganism group (11)    Timber chip (12)    Rice straw (13)    Excrements (14)    Culture medium (15)
NOVELTY - The chlorine-containing organic compound is dissolved in liquid containing isopropyl alcohol as solvent and an alkali as neutralizing agent, and dechlorinated organic compound by irradiating ultraviolet rays to the liquid. Azeotropic distillation of liquid is carried out, followed by simple distillation of residue, and the distillate obtained is reused as solvent of liquid.    USE - For decomposition of a chlorine-containing organic compound such as a polychlorinated biphenyl or trichlorobenzene, or a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl and trichlorobenzene as chlorine-containing organic compounds.    ADVANTAGE - The residue obtained by azeotropic distillation of liquid after ultraviolet irradiation contains mainly isopropyl alcohol and also contains water, chloride, alkali, biphenyl, acetone and unreacted polychlorinated biphenyl. The distillate containing 99.97 wt.% of isopropyl alcohol of very high purity is obtained by simple distillation of residue. By collecting in high density and reusing isopropyl alcohol of high purity as solvent for dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyl by ultraviolet irradiation, reduction of running cost is attained. Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyl is reliably and efficiently performed by ultraviolet irradiation.
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide removal catalyst contains at least one alkali earth metal oxide, and ruthenium supported on an inorganic oxide carrier.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide from gas containing hydrogen, and obtained gas containing hydrogen is used for solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide is removed from the gas with high efficiency. Thereby carbon monoxide poisoning of the electrode catalyst at hydrogen pole of solid polymer fuel cell, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst contains 0.05-5 weight% of ruthenium load.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a carbon monoxide removal catalyst structure;    (b) a carbon monoxide removal method from gas containing hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing relationship of carbon monoxide removed, and molar ratio of oxygen and carbon monoxide in the catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The chemical additive contains a basic alkaline earth metal compound and disentangled used paper, compounded into a slurry.    USE - For classified domestic and industrial plastic refuse used for solid fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The chemical additive is uniformly mixed with classified plastic refuse. The viscosity of mixture of chemical additive and classified plastic refuse is increased by adding rice floor. The slurry is maintained at homogeneous condition for prolonged period. Excessive water content is removed, from the mixture of chemical additive and plastic refuse. Biologically and chemically stable solid fuel is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Manufacture of chemical additive;    (b) Manufacture of solid fuel;    (c) Manufacturing apparatus for solid fuel    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacture of chemical additive. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The method involves performing thermal decomposition of raw material at 200-650degreesC and 5-35 MPa. The solid component containing gas component, residues and ashes are separated. A preset gas is reacted with an alkali metal compound or alkaline earth metal compound. Gasification is performed, followed by separation of the product into a solid component and a gas component containing hydrogen gas.    USE - For hydrogen gas manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - The alkali metal compound or alkaline earth metal compound is regenerated easily and can be recycled. Carbon dioxide of high purity is recovered as a byproduct. The impurities in formation gas are separated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Thermal decomposition of a raw material mixture is performed, to form an oil component, gas, residue, ashes and water. The raw material is obtained by mixing a solid organic substance and water. Any one of the gases which is separated, is reacted with an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound, at 600-900degreesC and under 5-35 MPa. The product is separated into a solid component containing alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt, and a gas component containing hydrogen gas as main component.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the hydrogen gas manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of the hydrogen gas manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A process for separating non bio-degradable wastes from part-shredded bio-degradable wastes prior to composting, a mixture of the two is discharged from an overflow onto a sieve. Some of the large waste, especially plastic waste, is automatically removed by spectroscopic identification during the overflow process.    USE - The process is useful for separating non-biodegradable materials from bio-degradable materials prior to composting.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the processing of non-biodegradable materials in the final stage of coarse bio-degradable material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an assembly with a conveyer (2) surrendering composting material to a sieve (4), which separates fine biodegradable material (8) from bulk solids (12). Bulk solids and plastics are dropped onto a cascading series of rising conveyers (14) separating stones (18) from light materials (28) and other bio-degradable materials (32) such as twigs and branches. Stones dropping from the conveyer (14) fall to a horizontal conveyer and thence to a collection container. Coarse bio-degradable material (32) is returned for composting. Metals are removed at least partly by sieve from the bio-degradable material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sequence of separation processes. (Drawing includes non English-language text).    Input conveyer (2)    Sieve (4)    Compost release (6)    Non-compost release (12)    Cascade belts (14)    Fine bio-degradable material (10)    Stones (18)    Plastic sensor (22)    Light non bio-degradable material (28)    Twigs, branches (32)
NOVELTY - A system (A) for manufacturing hydrogen from organic waste, has supercritical water (SW) reactor (4) in which organic waste containing calcium oxide is reacted with SW. Carbon dioxide is fixed to calcium oxide to produce calcium carbonate and hydrogen or methane. Organic waste containing calcium carbonate separated from reactor is dry baked in circulation fluid bed furnace (8) to obtain calcium oxide.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen or methane from organic waste such as sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is produced efficiently from the sludge. A separate apparatus for collecting calcium oxide is avoided by recycling calcium oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of system for manufacturing hydrogen from organic waste. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Mixer (1)    Preheater (3)    Supercritical waste reactor (4)    Solid-liquid separator (5)    Cooler (6)    Gas-liquid separator (7)    Circulation fluid bed furnace (8)    System for manufacturing hydrogen (A)
NOVELTY - A microbial adsorbent matrix for treating garbage. Bacillus pumilus removes odor of ammonia, Bacillus subtilis activates lipase, Bacillus sp. activates antibiosis, Thiobacillus sp. reduces hydrogen sulfide, Cellulomonas fimi activates cellulase, and Streptomyces sp. activates protease. Therefore, garbage is treated efficiently by the microbial adsorbent matrix.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microbial adsorbent is prepared by (i) culturing microbes, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp., Thiobacillus sp., Cellulomonas fimi, and Streptomyces sp.; (ii) mixing those bacteria with an adsorbent selected from celite, zeolite, vermiculite, white carbon, activated carbon and alginic acid to inoculate in the adsorbent; (iii) fixing for 12 hours at 30-40 deg.C; and (iv) mixing with 5kg of a mixture comprising defatted rice bran 65 wt.%, wheat bran 25 wt.%, bean cake 9 wt.%, and yeast extract 1 wt.%.
NOVELTY - Power generating device, comprises a proton conductor part (6) having a fullerene derivative, a hydrogen electrode (4) stuck on one surface of the proton conductor part (6), an oxygen electrode (5) stuck on the other surface of the proton conductor part (6), and a hydrogen gas feed part (2) for feeding hydrogen gas of approx. 0.2 to 3.5 atm to the hydrogen electrode (4).    USE - For power generation applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Since the permeation of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is suppressed effectively, it is prevented that the hydrogen gas is released into the atmosphere by the permeation and the oxygen gas reaches the hydrogen electrode by the permeation and hydrogen is consumed without contributing to a power generation.
NOVELTY - A compact fuel processor comprises a reaction chamber, reaction zones (208, 210, 212, 214) within the chamber, and a heat exchanger (202) having an inlet end and an outlet end. A chemical reaction takes place within the reaction zone. The heat exchanger is internally positioned through the length of the chamber to provide heat or remote heat required by a particular reaction zone.    USE - For converting a hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen rich gas used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - By feeding the hydrocarbon fuel successively through each reaction zone in a predetermined manner, a hydrogen rich gas is produced that optimizes space considerations and heat transfer considerations.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the inventive compact fuel processor.    Heat exchanger (202)    Permeable plate (206)    Reaction zones (208, 210, 212, 214)
NOVELTY - Electricity is generated from fuel cell by passing a fuel stream mixed with first oxygen-enriched stream to a conversion zone to obtain hydrogen-containing reformate stream which is passed to an anode side of fuel-cell zone, and passing second oxygen-enriched stream to a cathode side of fuel-cell zone. The oxygen-enriched stream is obtained from adsorption effluent withdrawn from adsorption zone.    USE - For generating electricity from fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Combustion temperature is maintained in the convection range and the amount of excess air employed in the combustion zone is reduced or eliminated, thus reducing the power consumption required to compress air for combustion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generation of electricity from fuel cell includes passing a fuel stream mixed with first oxygen-enriched stream to a conversion zone that includes a partial oxidation reactor, and converting a portion of the fuel stream to provide hydrogen-containing reformate stream which is passed to an anode side of a fuel-cell zone. A second oxygen-enriched stream is passed to a cathode side of the fuel-cell zone to produce electricity, and anode and cathode waste-gas streams are withdrawn. A portion of the anode waste-gas stream is combusted in the presence of an oxygen-depleted stream to produce a flue-gas stream at combustion zone temperature to partially heat the conversion zone. An air stream is passed to a first adsorption bed in a two-bed adsorption zone to obtain an adsorption effluent stream, which provides first and second oxygen-enriched streams. The adsorption beds contain nitrogen-selective adsorbent. The second adsorption bed in the adsorption zone is regenerated to provide a desorption effluent stream. The desorption effluent stream is passed to the combustion zone as oxygen-depleted stream to maintain the combustion zone at less than 700degreesC.
NOVELTY - A catalyst bed is heated for start-up by providing an electrical heating element along one face of the catalyst bed, passing a small flow of reactants through the heating element and the catalyst bed, and heating the element to initiate an exothermic reaction at the face of the catalyst bed. The heat of reaction propagates throughout the catalyst bed, heating the catalyst bed for start-up.    USE - For heating catalyst bed for start-up used in converting hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen rich gas stream for use with a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides fast and efficient start-up, and assistance to the reactor in maintaining reaction temperature during transient operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a reactor module for use in a compact fuel processor comprising a catalyst bed (410), a cooling coil, and electrical heating element (400).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows weaving of a monolithic catalyst bed with an electrical heating element.    Electrical heating element (400)    Catalyst bed (410)
NOVELTY - A fermentation system comprising a container for vegetable substances, a transfer mechanism for transferring the vegetable substances (3) from lower to upper section of the container, and a spraying device, is new. The spraying device (4) includes an actuating mechanism comprising spout and connector, for distributing even jet of the vegetable substances in the container (2).    USE - For vegetable substances, e.g. pressed grapes or must fermentation.    ADVANTAGE - The system improves must distribution and mixing during the fermentation process. It is simple to manufacture, has high performance and reliability, has low industrial cost, and reduces fermentation time    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fermentation method for vegetable substances.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a sectional view of a fermentation system.    Container (2)    Vegetable substances (3)    Spraying device (4)    Duct (5)    Pump (6).
NOVELTY - Processing (M1) organic waste comprising treating the waste by microbial decomposition and a proportion of the resulting waste by vermiculture in a worm bed, is new.    USE - (M1) is useful for processing organic waste (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (M1) enables conversion of putrescent waste into a useful composting products and provides marked increase in speed of composting over conventional methods. The temperatures in the thermophilic stage are controlled to ensure that pathogenic organisms in the waste are killed. The vermistabilization also destroys pathogens. The process does not produce methane gas and leachate, which may damage the soil and requires small power, water and labor inputs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) compost produced by (M1); and    (2) an apparatus for processing waste comprising microbial decomposition device, vermiculture device for receiving organic material and supporting a population of worms feeding on the material to produce castings and a transfer device for transferring a selected proportion of treated material from the microbial decomposition device to the vermiculture device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of (M1).
NOVELTY - An anaerobic system (S1) comprising an inoculate composed of a culture (maintained in a culture laboratory) of 50 types microorganisms e.g. yeast, actinomycetes, bacillus and photobacteries originated from collection, isolation, identification, selection, and culture of mutant strains, is new.    USE - (S1) is useful for fermentation and preservation of the nutritive and energetic potential of organic matter e.g. urban garbage, agro-industrial residues and biomass (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system does not pollute the atmosphere by emission of odoriferous gases such as ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. It does not contaminate phreatic sheets since it does not produce a stinky liquor but a liquor that resembles and smells similarly to fermented cane syrup.
NOVELTY - A water purification system (I) comprises a bio-filter structure(s) communicating with water upstream of a disinfecting unit, where the bio-filter structure colonizes fermentation-raised bacteria on and/or within the structure, is new.    USE - For purifying potable, drinking water and industrial process water.    ADVANTAGE - The invention reduces contaminants in purified water. The contaminants are aluminum which is linked to Alzheimer's disease; disinfection by-products which are linked to cancer-causing and birth defect-causing compounds; toxic organic compounds which can be poisonous or known carcinogenic compounds; and pathogens and viruses which are linked to waterborne disease.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the clarification of water by chemical treatment, in combination with bio-filtration, comprising adding aluminum polymer(s) and ammonium polymer(s) to water to coagulate particles and to form a flocculated suspension; separating the water from the flocculated suspension; and passing the water through a bio-filter structure colonized with fermentation-raised bacteria.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the invention utilizing bio-filters inoculated with fermentation-raised biocultures.
NOVELTY - The half fermented material is transferred from the upstream tank to downstream tank where the temperature in each tank is maintained at temperature of final phase of fermentation heat rising period or constant temperature period, according to the process condition, and at the last tank the composed organic material is discharged.    USE - For fermenting raw food waste for disposal in food industry.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves continuous transfer of organic material in the best fermentation conditions without interruption, and is fully automated. More proceeding ability than tanks capacity can be achieved. Running cost is reduced and the method can be adapted for small size or large size units.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic material continuous proceed apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the organic material continuous proceed apparatus.
NOVELTY - A non-gaseous hydrocarbon material is pyrolyzed in a first chamber to produce a primary fuel gas mixture (PFG), a pyrolysis liquid and carbonaceous residue. PFG and pyrolysis liquid are introduced into a second chamber containing catalyst and heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce additional fuel gases and solid carbonaceous residue, without altering the composition of PFG. PFG is then withdrawn.    USE - In fuel cells for power generation and for production of chemicals and materials in outer space.    ADVANTAGE - Yield of fuel gas is excellent. The catalyst is regenerated and hence cost reduction is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A non-gaseous hydrocarbon material is introduced into a pyrolysis chamber comprising the first stage of a processing apparatus and pyrolyzed to produce a primary fuel gas mixture (PFG), a pyrolysis liquid and carbonaceous residue. PFG and pyrolysis liquid are introduced into another chamber containing catalyst for second stage processing. The liquid mixture is heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to 900-1100 degreesC and above the first pyrolysis temperature, to produce additional fuel gases and solid carbonaceous residue, without altering the composition of PFG. PFG and additional fuel gas are withdrawn from the chamber and air, oxygen, carbon dioxide or steam are introduced into the chambers to effect reaction with carbonaceous residue for at least partial removal of the residue.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a power generation system comprising a gas-fueled power generator and the two-stage reaction apparatus for producing fuel gas product, connected to supply fuel gas to the generator. A control unit for fuel gas flow is further provided to the generator.
NOVELTY - A gas mixture is contacted with a separation membrane having feed and permeate sides. The separation membrane has selective layer made of polymer comprising fluorinated cyclic ring structure. A driving force for transmembrane permeation is provided, and permeate stream enriched in desired gas is withdrawn from the permeate side. A residue stream depleted in desired gas is withdrawn from the feed side.    USE - For separating desired gas such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide from gas mixture comprising hydrocarbon, especially from petrochemical plant gas stream, refinery gas stream, refinery off-gas stream and natural gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The separation membrane having adequate performance under exposure to organic vapor, is provided such that the membrane is used for refineries, chemical plants and gas fields. The desired gas with high recovery factor is separated, using the separation membrane having good permeability and good resistance to plasticization. A high quality hydrogen is separated and used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas mixture (1) comprising desired gas and 3C+ hydrocarbon vapor is contacted with a feed side of a separation membrane (3) which has a feed side and permeate side. The separation membrane has a selective layer made of polymer comprising repeat units of at least 5 membered ring of fluorinated cyclic structure. The polymer has fractional free volume of no greater than 0.3. A driving force for transmembrane permeation is provided. A permeate stream (5) enriched in desired gas compared to gas mixture is withdrawn from permeate side. A residue stream (4) depleted in desired gas compared to gas mixture is withdrawn from the feed side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic representation of the separation process of desired gas from gas mixture.    Gas mixture (1)    Separation membrane (3)    Residue stream (4)    Permeate stream (5)
NOVELTY - A methanol fuel electrode material for a direct type methanol fuel cell has heteropolyacid and a first metal and/or carbon.    USE - Useful in a power source for an automobile and a portable power source for a portable telephone set.    ADVANTAGE - A methanol fuel electrode has a very low cost catalyst for methanol fuel electrode.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer fuel cell-motor complex system has reformer (11) which reforms the original fuel containing hydrogen and carbon in hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, hydrogen separation apparatus (12) which separates the gases, solid polymer fuel cell (13) and motor. The fuel cell, supplied with hydrogen as heating gas, generates electrical energy. The motor is supplied with carbon monoxide as a fuel.    USE - As electricity generation system and drive power source of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer fuel cell-motor complex system is a simple arrangement and provides energy efficiency and fuel economy. Carbon monoxide gas secondarily formed by the system is effectively utilized as a fuel for motor. There is no useless consumption of energy. In the reformer warming-up, a quick start electricity generation is performed which responds as an emergency power source system. Since the heat of the motor exhaust gas is used as a heat source for the reformer, reformation of original fuel is accelerated by exhaust heat. The nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engine is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the system block diagram of the solid polymer fuel cell-motor complex system. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    reformer (11)    hydrogen separation apparatus (12)    solid polymer fuel cell (13)
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen-methane group heating gas involves hydro thermally reacting the liquid organic substance raw material in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst layer residence time of a raw material is adjusted by controlling the fluid density of a raw material, by adjusting the temperature of the raw material in the catalyst layer, and/or a pressure.    USE - To produce hydrogen-methane group heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - Solid organic substance and/or a liquid organic substance is transformed to heating gas by the high energy conversion efficiency. The manufacturing cost of a heating gas is reduced remarkably. While contributing to diversification of fuel gas making source sauce by recycling as resources the various waste material generated in large quantities. The amount of the fossil fuel used is reduced. Generation of toxic substances, such as the dioxin is prevented effectively. An electric power, a heat energy, etc., are recovered more efficiently and in large quantities. Sludge formed by the hydro thermal reactor has excellent sedimentation property and hence its removal from an apparatus and handling are easy. Schedule controlling becomes easy, while process costs (an installation cost, operating cost, etc.) reduce remarkably, since a process flow is very simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow sheet of hydrogen-methane group heating gas manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydro thermal reactor (7)
NOVELTY - The liquid organic substance is hydro thermally reacted with super critical water or subcritical under water, inside the hydro thermal reactor (7) to produce heating gas containing hydrogen.    USE - To produce heating gas comprising hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of toxic substances such as dioxin is prevented and hence the manufacturing method is eco-friendly. Sludge produced from the hydro thermal reaction has excellent sedimentation property and hence its removal and handling are easy. Electric power, heat energy are recovered efficiently and in large quantities. The amount of fossil fuel used is reduced by recycling the waste materials as resources. Organic substance is economically transformed into heating gas, with high energy conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of heating gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydro thermal reactor (7)
NOVELTY - Manufacturing detritus sea weed fodder for fish and shellfish, comprising decomposing sea weed using carbohydrate degradation enzyme, and simultaneously fermenting with lactobacillus and/or yeast during transformation into single particle, is new.    USE - As fodder for fish, shellfish, pearl oyster shells, short-neck clam, scallop, oyster, artemia and rotifiers.    ADVANTAGE - The fodder has favorable nutritional value and can be used to feed aquatic animals that prey on phytoplanktons. The fodder is safe, inexpensive and has improved preservability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for detritus sea weed fodder comprising active ingredient of grain size 5.8-11 micro-m.
NOVELTY - A heater exchanger (4) for heating the raw material gas supplied from the cylinder (5), and a gas modifier (3) are sequentially installed in the fuel supply route (10) to the engine (2). The exhaust route (40) of engine is connected to gas modifier for heating and to mix a portion of exhaust gas with raw material gas. An exhaust branch route (41) is connected to fuel supply route at upstream side of gas modifier.    USE - Natural gas reformation engine system.    ADVANTAGE - The system eliminates carbon dioxide separation apparatus and exhaust gas recirculation path connected to the engine by supplying a portion of exhaust gas to mix with raw material gas at upstream side of gas modifier. Reduces running and maintenance expenses. The flow rate of gas flowing in the engine or exhaust gas is reduced. Thermal efficiency of engine is increased from about 40% to 60-65% by eliminating the energy required for carbon dioxide separation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for natural gas reformation engine system operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above natural gas modification engine system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Engine (2)    Gas modifier (3)    Heat exchanger (4)    Cylinder (5)    Fuel supply route (10)    Exhaust route (40)    Exhaust branch route (41)
NOVELTY - The opening of exhaust port (21) arranged opposite to a fermenter (2) is changed, depending on the position of stir transfer apparatus (4). The opening of the exhaust port opposite to the fermenter is larger than that of the other exhaust port openings.    USE - For carrying out aerobic fermentation of organic waste like organic refuse and livestock dung.    ADVANTAGE - Water vapor is ejected efficiently without increase in amount of exhaust gas. The degradation of concrete, and the failure of the apparatus by dewing formation are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline vertical front view of processing facility of organic waste. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fermenter (2)    Stir transfer apparatus (4)    Exhaust port (21)
NOVELTY - The waste material containing ammonia is subjected to methane fermentation (3) which reduces the carbon content in waste by forming methane (6) and solid-liquid separation (4) for separating the solid content and liquid waste from waste material. Ammonia from liquid waste is removed and the liquid waste is decompose-treated using a microorganism by biological treatment (13).    USE - For processing waste material containing ammonia, such as stock-raising waste material, division livestock excrement and livestock urine, and drain ejected from solid-liquid separation of stock raising waste material.    ADVANTAGE - Major portion of ammonia is separated and removed, without using external heat sources, economically and efficiently. The biological treatment apparatus capacity and operating cost are reduced. Nitrates are not produced during biological treatment, hence denitrification is eliminated. The ammonium sulfate produced from aqueous ammonia is used as fertilizer, thus providing economical efficiency and high commercial value. The organic substances, contained in stock raising waste materials, are also decomposed efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire block diagram of the stock raising waste material processing method.    Methane fermentation (3)    Solid-liquid separation process (4)    Methane (6)    Desulfurized process (7)    Alkali (8,12)    Compost (10)    Ammonia distillation process (11)    Biological treatment (13)    Phosphorus removal process (15)
NOVELTY - Organic waste (11) is heat-processed and concentrated. Solid-liquid separation of the concentrated mixture is carried out, followed by dehydration treatment and compost processing. Supernatant liquid (14) obtained after solid-liquid separation and dehydrated filtrate (16) obtained after dehydration treatment are mixed, and high speed methane fermentation process is carried out.    USE - For methane fermentation processing of organic wastes    ADVANTAGE - The methane fermentation processing method is inexpensively carried out in a small methane fermentation tank and increases the evolution of gas during methane fermentation. Flocculent is hardly required to be used during the dehydration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic waste (11) is heat-processed in a heat-processing installation (2). A concentrator (3) concentrates and carries out solid-liquid separation of the heat processed organic waste. Sludge (15) obtained after solid-liquid separation is dehydrated in a dehydrator (4). Compost processing of the dehydrated sludge (17) is carried in a compost processing apparatus (5). The supernatant liquid (14) after solid-liquid separation and the dehydrated filtrate (16) is fed into a methane fermentation tank (20) which carries out high-speed methane fermentation.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for methane fermentation processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of methane fermentation processing method.    Heat processing installation (2)    Concentrator (3)    Dehydrator (4)    Composed processing apparatus (5)    Mineral salt injection apparatus (8)    Organic waste (11)    Solid-liquid separation liquid (14)    Concentrated sludge (15)    Dehydrated filtrate (16)
NOVELTY - The methanation tank (3) carries out methanation of the organic substance hydrolyzed by a hydrolyzing tank (2). An ORP meter (4) is provided for detecting ORP in the hydrolyzing tank. A control valve (7) is provided for adjusting ORP in the tank for regulating air supply to the hydrolyzing tank.    USE - For methane production.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents methanation of the organic refuse in hydrolyzing tank. Inhibits the load variation to a methanation tank. Prevents methane microbe activation. Ensures effective activation of hydrolyzing microbe in hydrolyzing tank at 4.5-5.5 pH with automatic control, while maintaining ORP at 100-300 mV.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ORP meter, control valve and compressor (6) are provided to detect ORP, and adjust ORP for injecting air in the hydrolyzing tank and a pH meter (5) is also provided for detecting pH in the hydrolyzing tank. The pump supply (8) adjusts the organic refuse supply to the hydrolyzing tank and a controller (9) is provided to control the control valve (7) and also pump supply based on the total detected value of ORP and pH meters. When the detected value of ORP and pH exceeds the appropriate range, the controller increases the control supply of organic refuse in the hydrolyzing tank and control valve reduces the air injection and vice-versa when the detected valve of ORP and pH are less than the appropriate range. The injection amount of air and oxygen by ORP control valve are 10-30 L/h and 2-6 L/h per 1m3 of volume of hydrolyzing tank. A reducer is injected in the tank by fluctuating the organic refuse supply to the hydrolyzing tank within the range of +/-20% .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the organic refuse bio gasifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrolyzing tank (2)    Methanation tank (3)    ORP meter (4)    pH meter (5)    Compressors (6)    Control valve (7)    Pump supply (8)    Controller (9)
NOVELTY - The system generates fodder and fertilizer using organic waste such as livestock excrements, food residue, starch dregs. A sterilizer sterilizes the organic waste by heating and photochemistry decomposition process.    USE - For processing organic waste, for fodder and fertilizer formation.    ADVANTAGE - The system performs aerobic fermentation or anaerobic fermentation for short time, efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system has electrical power generating device and a device for extracting out biogas (C2) and mixed gas (C). Besides process product, exhaust gas and water vapor are taken out. The system has device for temperature management and oxygen supply along with automatic intake device (12).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of sterilization fermentation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Automatic intake device (12)    Mixed gas (C)    Biogas (C2)
NOVELTY - An agent for decomposing and treating organic refuse, comprises a mixture containing a decomposition agent which ferments base material, such as rice bran chaff, bone phosphorus, fish meal or rape seed oil lees with useful aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria; and a fermentation promoter/water content regulator.    USE - For processing organic refuse from houses, restaurants, food processing factories, fishery-stock raising factories, and vegetable and animal waste materials.    ADVANTAGE - The agent effectively decomposes organic refuse in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and effectively prevents release of nasty ammonia odor during processing. The agent utilizes simple machinery for processing organic refuse. The decomposing method utilizing the agent effectively recycles organic refuse and thereby prevents pollution of farmlands.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processing of organic refuse using the agent, which involves decomposing-treating the organic refuse with the agent in an organic refuse processor (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of organic refuse processor which utilizes the decomposing-treating agent.    Organic refuse processor (1)
NOVELTY - A potting soil is manufactured by mixing fungi with raw material containing organic refuse or sludge of human or animal, fracturing the mixture to moderate fineness, simultaneously transferring and drying the mixture, and activating the fungi by continuously supplying air.    USE - For growing agricultural products.    ADVANTAGE - The potting soil effectively recycles industrial waste, organic refuses and human and animal wastes. The production of potting soil is simple and has improved efficiency, without evolution of unpleasant odor. The potting soil with high product value can be effectively and efficiently produced in large quantities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a culture apparatus for potting soil, which comprises a cylindrical pipe line (2) for mixing organic refuse (11) with fungi, a rotary cutter provided with a rotating axis for fracturing the mixture (12) to moderate fineness, a warm water jacket for adjusting the dried mixture to suitable temperature for activating fungi and an air supply valve (28) for drying the mixture for activating the fungi.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows culture apparatus utilized in producing potting soil from organic refuse. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylindrical pipe line (2)    Organic refuse (11)    Mixture (12)    Air supply valve (28)
NOVELTY - A bio-plug comprises a sleeve (11) with closed ends containing dried bacterial cultures, dehydrated nutrients, and carbon source, all dispersed in and around a fiber fill. The sleeve has apertures (13) for charging water and discharging microorganisms.    USE - The bio-plug is useful for providing a source of microorganisms dispersed in water for use in bioremediation e.g. metabolism of hazardous organic substances in an effluent stream and other polluted environments.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a simple apparatus for on-site dosing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows side elevational view of a bio-plug.    Sleeve (11)    End caps (12)    Apertures (13)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) has a least one reformer unit (2), coupled to a water container (5), a fuel container (6) and an air feed (7), for generation of a hydrogen containing gas, fed to the fuel cell (4) via at least one intermediate store (3). At least one control element monitors the operation of the reformer unit, the filling level of the intermediate store and the gas feed to the fuel cell.    USE - The fuel cell system can be used for powering an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The differing gas requirements of the fuel cell are matched by use of the intermediate store.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM for a control method for dynamic operation of a fuel cell system is also included.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (1)    Reformer unit (2)    Intermediate store (3)    Fuel cell (4)    Water container (5)    Fuel container (6)    Air feed (7)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system is stopped by stopping the supply of fuel and water to a reformer to raise the catalyst layer temperature of the reformer, and stopping the supply of air to the reformer after the catalyst layer temperature has risen. The supply of fuel and water is stopped by performing a partial oxidation reaction with the remaining fuel and air in the reformer.    USE - For stopping a fuel reforming system for a fuel cell used in automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The invention permits the startup time of the reforming system to be shortened without making the system complex or too large. It can maintain the catalyst layer temperature high until the system restarts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel reforming system comprising a reformer which generates hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell, a first supply mechanism which supplies fuel and water to the reformer, a second supply mechanism which supplies air to the reformer, and a controller.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a fuel reforming system.
NOVELTY - Preventing clogging of pipes conveying substrates in biogas plants comprises introducing gas bubbles into the substrates using gas lines installed in an overflow pipe (6).    USE - Used in biogas plants producing methane (biogas) by the microbial degradation of organic substances.    ADVANTAGE - Clogging of the pipes conveying substrates in biogas plants is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device preventing clogging of pipes conveying substrates in biogas plants.    Preferred Features: The opening of the gas line points upward. Several gas lines are arranged in the overflow pipe. One gas line has several openings. Air is introduced into the substrates. The gas flow is introduced via an electrically controlled magnetic valve (7). The gas flow can be automatically controlled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partial cross-section through the biogas plant. (Drawing includes noon-English language text).    Overflow pipe (6)    Magnetic valve (7)    Air feed (8)
NOVELTY - Preparing biological fertilizer from residual brown alga gum dregs by microbial degradation comprising: (1) aerobic culture of Niveus-Aspergillus glauces strain in potato liquid culture medium containing residual brown alga gum dregs for 48-72 hours; (2) adding the aerobically fermented substance of the residual dregs; (3) inoculating the cultured mixed anaerobic flora; and (4) fermenting for 2-7 days. Its advantages include improving soil and its fertility, low cost and environment protection.
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel composition comprises a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, less than 20 vol.% olefin, less than 42 vol.% aromatic content and less than 20 ppm sulfur. The hydrocarbon has a final boiling point of less than 215 degrees C.    USE - As fuel for fuel cell powered vehicle (claimed) and internal combustion engines.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon fuel composition can be used both for fuel cell powered apparatus and internal combustion engines, thus avoiding the problems of by-products (e.g., coke) which damage the components of the fuel cell apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the fueling of a fuel cell apparatus and an internal combustion engine comprising:    (1) providing the fuel composition;    (2) providing a fuel cell apparatus comprising a conversion unit and a fuel cell unit;    (3) introducing the fuel composition into the conversion unit and a fuel cell unit;    (4) introducing the fuel composition into the conversion unit;    (5) operating the conversion unit under predetermined conditions to convert at least some of the fuel composition into a product stream comprising hydrogen; and    (6) optionally, introducing the hydrogen produced in the conversion unit into the fuel cell unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the invention.    Second conduits (18, 20)    Sulfur trap (24)
NOVELTY - A cement paste comprising a mixture of Bacillus Subtilis , Bacillus thuringiensis , and Bacillus sphaericus, is new    USE - The cement is used for concrete for water purification.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a paste wherein the weight ratio of the above bacterial species is 0.1-50:0.1-50:0.1-50, respectively.
NOVELTY - The invention creates to a fuel cell in which a fuel gas is oxidized to produce electric power. The channels (3,4) through which the gases or a cooling medium are guided are formed by very thin profiled, e.g. .corrugated, metal sheets. These have thickness of 0,02 to 1.1 mm, preferably between 0.03 and 0.08 mm and the channels a ratio of amplitude/wavelength (A/L) of the corrugations of 1:2.    USE - For supplying power in hospitals, to drive vehicles or supply small electrical devices (laptops).    ADVANTAGE - Employing extremely thin metal sheets enables the channels to have a very shallow profile reducing the size of cell stacks. Smaller structures facilitate extraction of waste heat.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a cell to the present invention.    channels (3,4)    amplitude/wave length (A/L)    .
NOVELTY - In a process to operate an array of fuel cells, the cells are linked to a fuel supply. Each cell is linked to a voltage measurement sensor. The fuel supply to the individual cell is regulated in response to the voltage measured by the addition or subtraction of fuel through a methanol dosing unit and valve. The adjustment takes place within the span of upper and lower threshold voltage values.    USE - Process to regulate a bank of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process combines simplicity with low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a diagram of a fuel cell bank with automatic direct methanol feed regulation.    Reservoir (1)    anode circuit (2)    pump (3)    tank (4)    bipolar plate (5)    switch (6)    pump (7)    fuel cell (BZ)
NOVELTY - A filter system (10) comprises a filter bed (32) consisting of non-compostable porous, particulate material, and contains microorganisms capable of digesting the odor-causing substance. It also includes an air inlet (47) for conducting air into the filter bed.    USE - For removing organic, odor-causing substances from air, e.g. exhaust air from thermophilic bacterial digestion of waste matter (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention effectively removes odor-causing substances from air, while requiring less filter bed maintenance and replacement than in the prior art systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of filtering air containing odor-causing substances comprising providing a filter bed; inoculating the filter bed with a culture of microorganisms; and passing the air through the filter bed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filter system.    Filter system (10)    Support (20)    Roof (28)    Filter bed (32)    Air inlet (47)
NOVELTY - A mixed matrix membrane comprises a thin film continuous phase polymer, and discrete carbon-based sieve particles dispersed in the polymer. The sieve particles are made from a pyrolyzed polymer.    USE - For separating carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gaseous mixture including CO2 and CH4 (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for making a mixed matrix membrane comprising pyrolyzing a carbon based polymer to form pores in the pyrolyzed polymer, processing the pyrolyzed polymer to form discrete sieve particles of a desired size, and incorporating the discrete sieve particles into a continuous phase polymer to form a mixed matrix membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration of a gas permeation apparatus for flat membrane films.
NOVELTY - Gas, e.g. natural gas, is dried by reacting it with an aqueous solution of potassium formate to absorb moisture, and regenerating the solution in a cavitation regenerator.    USE - For drying gas, e.g. natural gas or air.    ADVANTAGE - The use of KCHO2 solution effectively and efficiently provides dried gas. The method is environmentally friendly because the KCHO2 solution is environmentally benign (c.f. the use of glycols).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of concentrating a water-absorbent solution (e.g. glycol or potassium formate) by passing the solution through a cavitation regenerator to remove at least 10% of the water.
NOVELTY - Formation of hydrocarbon hydrates is inhibited by providing a mixture comprising water and a hydrocarbon; and contacting the mixture with a composition comprising an onium compound and an amine salt.    USE - Inhibiting, retarding, mitigating, reducing, controlling and/or delaying formation of hydrocarbon hydrates during oil and gas production.    ADVANTAGE - The composition prevents, reduces or mitigates plugging of conduits, pipes, transfer lines, valves or other pieces or equipment where hydrocarbon hydrate solids may form under operating conditions.
NOVELTY - Invention relates to devices and methods of processing of organic raw materials into fuel components by pyrolysis and they can be used in reclamation of sanitary waste, reprocessing of coals of low degree of coalification and different ash content, reprocessing of slimes and oozes, etc. Proposed plant has intake hopper for raw material, reactor for pyrolysis with reaction chamber, steam- gaseous mixture separating system and discharge device. Lock-type weigher with drive is installed additionally in upper part of reactor for pyrolysis. Ring furnace is made in lower part of reactor, furnace being arranged around reactor. Discharge device is made in form of lock-type weigher with drive. Ring furnace has tangential inlets for return gas and air. Inlet of ring furnace is furnished with burner having device for ionization and arc ignition of let-in fuel components, and outlets are made radial and are located over perimeter of reaction chamber of reactor for pyrolysis. Lock-type charge and discharge modules included into plant are of new design, and new layout of steam-gaseous mixture separating system, when implementing the proposed method, make it possible to get quality fuel components of high calorific value, namely, liquid fuel, semi- coke briquettes and pyrolysis gas.    USE - Reclamation of sanitary waste.    ADVANTAGE - Improved efficiency and reliability of process, reduced cost of process. 12 cl, 2 tbl, 4 dwg
NOVELTY - Waste processing in installations using exhaust gases includes grinding of waste, treatment of waste with heat carrier and subsequent pressing. After grinding, waste materials are wetted to humidity of 5 to 50 mass % with water, and steam-gas mixture containing steam and products of thermal decomposition of waste materials, mass ratio (1-20):1 is used as heat carrier. Steam-gas mixture used as heat carrier is obtained by evaporation of moisture from waste material and thermal decomposition of material at temperature of 180-320degreesC and pressure of 1 to 10 kgt/cm2.    USE - Fuel energy complex.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced energy consumption and amount of harmful effluents into surrounding medium.
NOVELTY - A coke oven chamber flue (4) structure comprises a coke oven chamber (1) with a stirring blade (8), connected to a combustion chamber (3) through a tubular-shaped connection. A reverse stopping damper (21) is provided inside the tubular-shaped connection.    USE - For the carbonization of inflammable refuse such as organic refuse, paper, timber or paper diapers.    ADVANTAGE - The coke oven chamber flue enables a volume reduction of the residue. The apparatus is safe and prevents backward flow of gas or heat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a carbonization apparatus for a coke oven chamber flue.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a transverse plane sectional view of a carbonization apparatus.    Coke oven chamber (1)    Combustion chamber (3)    Coke oven chamber flue (4)    Stirring blade (8)    Stopping damper (21)
NOVELTY - Fuel reformation involves contacting a raw material gas with a catalyst (13) whose load of active ingredient accelerating oxidation of hydrocarbon in raw material gas and active ingredient accelerating steam reforming activity of hydrocarbon are adjusted. Heating value of oxidation and heat absorption amount of water vapor reformation are balanced. The whole catalyst is maintained at desired temperature.    USE - For producing liquefied natural gas (LNG), kerosene and hydrogen as raw material for fuel cells, for domestic fuel battery system, fuel system for motor vehicles, etc.    ADVANTAGE - A gas containing mainly hydrogen, is produced from oxygen or air, hydrocarbon and water vapor by fuel reformation method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel reformation involves contacting a raw material gas containing oxygen or air, hydrocarbon and water vapor with a catalyst which has active ingredient accelerating oxidation and water vapor reformation of hydrocarbon in raw material gas simultaneously, and producing hydrogen without supplying heat from outside. The catalyst has a porous carrier consisting of oxide containing aluminum, and supporting noble metal(s) chosen from palladium, platinum, ruthenium and rhodium and/or nickel, cobalt, iron, silver, copper, chromium and/or rare earth element. The load of active ingredient which accelerates oxidation of hydrocarbon, and active ingredient which accelerates steam reforming activity of hydrocarbon, is adjusted. The heating value of oxidation of hydrocarbon and heat absorption amount of water vapor reformation reaction are balanced. The catalyst is maintained at desired temperature during fuel reformation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional drawing of test device for determining reformation of hydrocarbon. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst (13)
NOVELTY - Slag generated in a chamber (6) of a high temperature gasifier (2) is collected in a slag hopper (11) from which the slag is passed to a slag pot (25). Water is supplied to the slag pot and the slag is passed to a slag filter (23).    USE - For processing slag obtained during gasification of municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, waste plastic waste FRP, biomass waste material, motor vehicle waste material, or waste oil in a furnace.    ADVANTAGE - Sludge processing is carried out stably, efficiently and reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The collected slag in the slag hopper is dumped in a slag pot during one operation cycle. The slag from the slag pot is passed to a slag filter while freshly collected slag is passed to the slag pot simultaneously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow of operation in a gasification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    High temperature gasifier (2)    Chamber (6)    Slag hopper (11)    Slag filter (23)    Slag pot (25)
NOVELTY - An organic fertilizer is manufactured by treating the organic waste with microbes, such as Actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, Lactobacillus, filamentous fungi and/or yeast, under aerobic conditions.    USE - For manufacturing organic fertilizer using microbes.    ADVANTAGE - The method which effectively utilizes microbes, effectively processes organic waste under aerobic conditions. The method prevents evolution of bad odor and effectively recycles organic wastes. The method is simple, process organic waste at 25-40 degrees C and produces superior quality fertilizer which can be sealed and preserved effectively. Utilization of Lactobacillus prevents decay of waste material and utilization of Actinomycetes and yeast effectively prevents proliferation of harmful microbes.
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer comprises a reformer containing a catalyst, having a gas intermittent insertion portion. At the time of warming-up the reformer, the gas for temperature rise which is utilized for exothermic reaction of in vitro reformation, is supplied through the insertion portion based on an intermittent insertion pattern having peak periods and non-peak periods.    USE - To produce hydrogen-rich heating gas from reformation raw material containing hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE - Local over-heating during warming-up of reformer is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for warming-up control of the reformer.
NOVELTY - Processing system (1) has a methane formation installation (5) in which stock solution (2) containing organic substance is fermented using methane microbe (8). The amount of methane (4) is measured. A methane microbe reactivity monitoring installation (3) is attached for judging methane. A methane fermentation inhibitor is mixed when amount of methane formed is lower than predetermined minimum value.    USE - For processing waste material such as excretion of pig, and livestock such as cattle feces.    ADVANTAGE - The system enables processing of excretion of livestock using methane microbe.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of excretion processing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Processing system (1)    Stock solution (2)    Methane microbe reactivity monitoring installation (3)    Methane (4)    Methane formation installation (5)    Methane microbe (8)
NOVELTY - The ceramic film type reactor consists of oxygen permeable ceramic film of thickness 0.5-1.5 mm comprising perovskite oxide, supplied with air on one side and provided with hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst on other. The film is contacted with light hydrocarbon gas and partial oxidation of the gas is carried out by oxygen which selectively permeates the film.    USE - For carrying out deoxygenation and methane oxidation from air in a single unit.    ADVANTAGE - High concentration hydrogen gas is produced using light hydrocarbon gas and air as raw materials, efficiently and cheaply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ceramic film type reactor consists of oxygen permeable ceramic film of thickness 0.5-1.5 mm comprising perovskite oxide, supplied with air on one side and provided with hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst on other. The film is contacted with light hydrocarbon gas and partial oxidation of the gas is carried out by oxygen which selectively permeates the film. The film comprises BaxSr1-xCoyFe1-y)3-8, where x = 0.3-0.7 and y = 0.6-1.0. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for low-pressure hydrogen manufacturing method using the carbon monoxide transformation reaction apparatus provided with ceramic film type reactor, into which feed added with water vapor is passed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the oxygen permeable methane oxidation reaction experiment using a ceramic film.
NOVELTY - At least two manifolds (24-27) are formed on the laminated separators and penetrate the lamination direction. The fluid is supplied and removed through a fluid flow path. The fluid flow path and separator are connected through a continuous hole leading to the another surface of the separator.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Offers fuel cell which maintain sealing condition sufficiently, has simple structure and can be mass produced. Improves gas sealing property of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a plan view of a cell.    Manifolds (24-27)
NOVELTY - The fuel supply system (A) has a fuel cell, a cooling feed path, a cooling outlet (47), which act as power supply unit to e.g. compressor (1), or heat radiator (3). A heat pump system (B) uses an evaporator (5-1,5-2) and natural coolant. The cooling outlet is thermally connected to the evaporator, while a heat radiator is connected with cooling feed path.    USE - For e.g. motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Energy efficient. Optimizes use of exhaust heat.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the fuel cell and heat pump system for e.g. motor vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Compressor (1)    Heat radiator (3)    Evaporator (5-1,5-2)    Cooling outlet (47)    Fuel supply system (A)    Heat pump system (B)
NOVELTY - A fixing device (5) fixes container (1) to the vehicle chassis provided with variation detectors (7-10) to front and rear sides. Phase variation of the container is detected by a comparison device (11), pressure is detected by a pressure calculator (12). When the difference in variation of pressure and phase exceeds a safe value, the fuel supply to the container is cut-off with a controller (15).    USE - For high pressure fuel-run vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to cut-off fuel supply to fuel container without including an accelerometer exclusively, thereby reliably preventing any fuel leakage, because fuel supply is cut-off when difference in variation of pressure and phase exceeds safe value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the component block diagram of the fuel cell fixing device and a cross-sectional view taken along the rear side variation detectors of the cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel container (1)    Fixing device (5)    Variation detectors (7-10)    Comparison device (11)    Pressure calculator (12)    Controller (15)
NOVELTY - The fuel for fuel cell system contains hydrocarbon oil (5 volume% or more) and 0.5-20 mass% of oxygen containing compounds by oxygen element conversion. The distillation initial boiling temperature of the hydrocarbon compound in the distillation curve is 100-190degreesC, 10 vol% distillation temperature(DT) is 120-210degreesC, 95 vol% DT is 220-300degreesC, and distillation end point temperature is 230-320degreesC.    USE - For fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel has favorable handleability and storage stability. The fuel generates large amount of electricity with respect to carbon dioxide generation without performance degradation. The fuel is consumed effectively. Emission of evaporation gas is less, degradation of fuel cell system is small and initial stage property of the cell continues for a longer time period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of the steam reforming type fuel cell system used for evaluation of fuel for fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Bio gas (7) generated by anaerobic treatment of organic substance, is contacted with a reducer (10) or an aqueous solution containing reducer and aqueous solution containing water-soluble polyhydric alcohol. The aqueous solution absorbs hydrogen sulfide from the bio gas.    USE - For removing sulfur from bio gas, sewage gas, industrial drain, sludge obtained from waste water treatment.    ADVANTAGE - The waste water accompanied by desulfurizing agent is reduced. The mixing of oxygen with desulfurized bio gas is prevented. Desulfurization of bio gas is performed effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) sulfur removal apparatus; and    (2) desulfurizing agent which consists of water-soluble polyalcohol and at least one reducer selected from bisulfite, sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfurous acid gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of sulfur removal apparatus. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Packed column-type scrubber (1)    Desulfurizing apparatus (2)    Bio gas (7)    Desulfurized bio gas (10)    Reducer (11).
NOVELTY - Pre-treatment of organic refuse for bio-gasification involves addition of cellulose degradation enzyme to slurry of organic refuse. The pretreated slurry is decomposed-gasified by organic refuse gasifier.    USE - For decomposing and bio-gasifying organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The cellulose degrading enzyme accelerates decomposition of cellulose which is difficult to degrade, hence organic refuse can be bio-gasified within a short time. The slurry has reduced viscosity and hence eliminates the need for dilution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pre-processor of organic refuse bio-gasifier, comprising pretreatment tank for storing slurry of organic refuse, enzyme addition unit for adding cellulose degradation enzyme to organic refuse, pH control unit for controlling pH of organic refuse in pretreatment tank, and temperature control unit(s) for controlling temperature of refuse in pretreatment tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the preprocessor of organic refuse bio-gasifier.    Preprocessor (1)    Pretreatment tank (10)    Enzyme addition unit (12)
NOVELTY - The filter comprises a pleated filter base material (1) which is enclosed along the peripheral edge with a frame without front fork (2) so that internal circumference of frame is adhered to periphery of the base material.    USE - As filter for air cleaner, air conditioner, ventilation air-conditioning and for removing impurities in air (oxygen) supplied to fuel cells. Also used as cabin filters in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The pleated filter base material (pleat form of a filter) is maintained reliably by frame without front fork, thereby improving handleability of filter. Since periphery of the filter is adhered to frame, pitch at the time of production is maintained without changing the pitch of pleats. The filtration ability is maintained and the filter is produced efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the filter manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of filter.    Filter base material (1)    Frame without front fork (2)
NOVELTY - Stalk and leaf extract or powder of Curcuma plant (I) as raw materials, is new.    USE - (I) are useful for health foods, pharmaceutical and/or quasi drugs, treating tooth socket pyorrhea, neuralgia, dermatosis, arthritis, low back pain, the menopause and the improvement effect with respect to topic dermatitis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The stalk and leaves are highly effective and production is easily controlled. The nasty odor, hot taste and bitterness also in the stalk and leaves, are removed and/or reduced during processing. The physiologically active function does not deteriorate. Microorganism contamination is also prevented by the reduction of pH value by addition of a sulfurous acid, and fermentation of starting material was also accelerated more than at estimation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) manufacture of:    (a) stalk and leaf extract involving fermenting the raw material with a multiple microbe, and    (b) stalk and leaf powder which involves utilizing the residue of the fermentation of the starting material and recycling; and    (2) deodorizing, removing and reducing the nasty smell, hot taste and bitterness of the turmeric stalk and leaves, by parallel double fermentation.
NOVELTY - The separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air enriched with nitrogen and/or oxygen involves compressing air, and sequentially contacting with activated carbon packed in an adsorption unit (11) and hollow fiber polymer film contained in separation membrane module (14). The air contains 5C or less hydrocarbon gas.    USE - For separating nitrogen and oxygen from air.    ADVANTAGE - The nitrogen and oxygen are separated from air by simple and economic process, without inhibiting the separation property of hollow fiber separation membrane, or exchanging the separation membrane for a new one, or carrying out special processing for long period of time. The separation membrane can be used stably for long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of embodiment of separating nitrogen, oxygen from air.    Dehumidifier (5)    Mist separator (8)    Adsorption unit packed with activated carbon (11)    Separation membrane module using hollow fiber polymer film (14)
NOVELTY - Nitrogen and phosphorus are removed in wastewater by adding sulfur particles and external carbon source to a sulfur-containing denitrification tank. Phosphorus is removed through simultaneous addition of shell or steel-making sludge or slag.    USE - For the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater.    ADVANTAGE - The method ensures an easy acclamation of sulfur-containing denitrification tank, since facultative chemolithoautotropic microorganism is rapidly grown within the shortest time. The tank retains a large number of microorganisms with a partial occurrence of heterotropic denitrification. The method prevents the discharge of organic materials, since organic materials are completely reacted in the tank, and minimizes the disruption of alkalinity. Since the growth yield of sulfur denitrification microorganism is low, the concentration of microorganism in influent passed through sulfur-containing denitrification tank is extremely low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater, comprises adding sulfur particles and external carbon source in small amount (1/3-one half of heterotropic requirement for denitrification) to a sulfur-containing denitrification tank, to perform a simultaneous denitrification process for obligate chemolithoautotrophic, facultative chemolithoautotrophic, and heterotrophic denitrification, while supplementing the depletion of alkalinity. Phosphorus is removed through simultaneous addition of shell or steel-making sludge or slag.
NOVELTY - Sewage sludge is treated by establishing an autothermophilic aerobic digestion reaction within a reaction chamber at a high temperature for pasteurization to take place and maintaining the temperature for a sustained period to reduce the organic content of the sludge to a stable level.    USE - For treating sewage sludge used in agricultural industry as source of fertilizer and soil conditioner.    ADVANTAGE - The invention establishes an autothermal reaction at the required temperature for pasteurization and efficiently maintains that temperature for a sustained period of time necessary for stabilization to occur. It is simple and inexpensive to operate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for the treatment of sewage sludge comprising a reaction chamber (1) for retaining a volume of sludge (2) undergoing treatment, a line for removing treated sludge from the reaction chamber, a line for delivering untreated sludge to the reaction chamber to replace treated sludge removed from the reaction chamber, and a line for delivering an air stream to the reaction chamber to aerate the sludge undergoing treatment. A mechanism is provided to maintain an autothermophilic aerobic digestion reaction within the reaction chamber for a sufficiently sustained period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration of sewage sludge treatment system.    Reaction chamber (1)    Sludge (2)    Ultrafiltration device (7)    Venturi device (17)
NOVELTY - Gas generating system comprises an evaporator (2) for evaporating at least one component to be fed to a reformer (1). A normalizing stage (3) for evening out the temperature distribution in the gas stream is arranged between the evaporator and the reformer.    USE - Used for producing a gas stream containing a hydrocarbon or alcohol and water vapor to be fed to a reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The service life of reformer catalysts are extended.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for preparing a gas stream to be fed to a reformer using the above system. Preferred Features: The normalizing stage is connected behind the last vaporizing stage. The normalizing stage is an adiabatic stage. A temperature sensor (7) is arranged in the inlet or outlet of the adiabatic stage to control air and/or fuel amounts fed to the stage. The normalizing stage may also be a heat exchanger or a catalytically heated reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the gas generating system.    Reformer (1)    Evaporator (2)    Normalizing stage (3)    Temperature sensor (7)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has at least one fuel cell (3) and at least one device (11) for cleaning the induction air arranged in a region before the cathode volume of the fuel cell(s) and/or in a region before a gas generation system (5) of the fuel cell system and that has at least one element for absorption of ions and/or hydrocarbons.    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system or the gas generation system is supplied with induction air that has no damaging effect on components of the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system with an induction air cleaning device    fuel cells (3)    device for cleaning induction air (11)    gas generation system (5)
NOVELTY - The device has a housing with a throughflow channel between its inlet and outlet, deflector plates arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, each blocking a part of the cross-section of the channel and an arrangement for causing relative movement of the deflector plates for selective variation of the blocked cross-section.    USE - For fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes certain disadvantages of conventional arrangements and the pressure drop in the separator is only noticeable when the separator is active.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system with one or more waster separators (Drawing includes non-English text)    fuel processing (2)    fuel flow (6)    water flow (8)    air flow (9)    reactors (12)    fuel formation reactors (14)    burner (48)    storage container (136)    fuel cell (22)    controller (150)
NOVELTY - Utilizing animal meal comprises mixing the animal meal and moist clarified sludge; drying; and burning.    USE - Used for disposing of animal meal.    ADVANTAGE - The process is environmentally friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the above process comprising a mechanical mixer suitable for adjusting a mixture of dewatered clarified sludge with the material being dried.    Preferred Features: The mixture is burned in a combustion device for clarified sludge or household waste. The mixing is carried out in a cement furnace.
NOVELTY - An activated spray fertilizer is prepared from powdered waste of aquatic product (10 - 12 %), starch dregs (7 - 8 %), bran (2 - 3 %), molasses (1 - 2 %) and water (75 - 80 %) through sterilization, inoculation, culturing and filtering. Its advantages are high organic-inorganic nutrients balance, coordinative growth and development of crops, high stress resistance and quality of crops, and no residue of chemical and hormone.
NOVELTY - Process for detecting a leak in a fuel cell comprises treating the anode gas chamber of the cell with a first test gas containing 0.1-20 vol.% hydrogen and the cathode gas chamber with a second test gas containing 0.1-30 vol.% oxygen; measuring the cell voltage; and monitoring the change with time in the cell voltage.    USE - Used for detecting a leak in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell can be safely tested.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The fuel cell is continuously rinsed with the test gases during the measurement of the cell voltage. During the measurement of the cell voltage, one of the gas chambers is treated with a higher gas pressure than the other chamber.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell assembly has a horizontal fuel cell stack (10) containing fuel cells (12) having an ion-conducting layer (3) between an anode (1) and a cathode (2), separated from one another and electrically contacted via bipolar plates (4), with current collectors (4a,4b) provided on the anode and the cathode for providing the electrical connections. The current collectors are each provided by a porous structure with internal flow paths for guiding the fuel gas or the cathode gas.    USE - The fuel cell assembly is used for an electrochemical energy converter.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell assembly is easily manufactured with a reduced number of individual manufacturing steps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM for a manufacturing method for a fuel cell assembly is also included.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic side view of a fuel cell assembly.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Ion-conducting layer (3)    Bipolar plates (4)    Current collectors (4a,4b)    Fuel cell stack (10)    Fuel cells (12)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell assembly has a fuel cell stack (310) having an anode inlet (313) and an anode outlet (314) for the fuel gas and a cathode inlet (315) and a cathode outlet (316) for the cathode gas, with an electric heating device (320) for the fuel gas and/or the combustion gas. The electric heating device is provided by a structure of an electrically-conductive foam material through which the gas to be heated is passed, provided with electrical connections for connecting to a power supply.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The electric heating device facilitates run-up of the fuel cell assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell stack (310)    Anode inlet (313)    Anode outlet (314)    Cathode inlet (315)    Cathode outlet (316)    Electric heating device (320)
NOVELTY - The electrode includes a sheet of compressed mass of expanded particles with multiple transverse fluid channels passing through the sheet between opposed surfaces (30,40) of sheet. The channels corresponding to locations at or near regions where flooding is possible, have greater diameter than other channels.    USE - Electrode for electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The partial flooding of flexible graphite sheet can be reduced by rendering the sheet more hydrophobic. The flexible graphite sheet is treated with resin, and the absorbed resin, after curing, enhances the moisture resistance and handling strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for membrane electrode assembly for electrochemical fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the sheet opposed surfaces.    Opposite surfaces of electrode sheets (30,40)
NOVELTY - The production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) using waste paper sludge reduces environmental load imposed by waste paper reclamation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The production of RDF comprises crushing waste synthetic resin and waste paper collected in waste paper reclamation facilities by a crusher (10), the separation of crushed raw materials into inert materials and combustibles available for RDF using a magnetic separator (20) and a wind separator (21), the dehydration of separated combustibles using hot wind (105degreesC), the carbonization of waste synthetic resin and waste paper sludge at 350-400degreesC within a vacuum carbonization furnace (40), mixing Na2O to the waste synthetic resin and waste paper sludge carbonized in a mixer (50), and then adding Na2B4O7.10H2O to the mixture followed by pelletization, and rapid cooling the pellets formed in the preceding step.
NOVELTY - An organic substance raw material, plant ashes, shell fish shell powder, chemical and bone meal, are mixed, heated and carbonized to less than 400degreesC and a carbon material is obtained.    USE - For manufacture of carbon material used as culture medium for aquaculture or soil improvement materials.    ADVANTAGE - The inexpensive charcoal is obtained without generation of air pollution substances such as smoke during heat processing. The charcoal has higher performance as a soil improvement material. Hence, the charcoal has high value in agriculture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of apparatus for the manufacture of charcoal. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Condenser (24)
NOVELTY - The heating gas containing impurities is supplied to fuel cell (4) which generates electricity in fuel cell electricity generation installation. The impurities are absorbed by reacting with fused salt and is removed.    USE - For removing impurities contained in heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - The corrosion of apparatuses such as piping, combustor and turbine present in fuel cell electricity generation installation is prevented, thereby reducing the maintenance cost. The obstruction of the flow path in the piping due to impurities is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for impurities removal apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of fuel cell electricity generation installation and its impurities gas removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (4)
NOVELTY - A heating jacket (4) in which a heat carrier is circulated, is arranged between outer and inner peripheral walls of an annular cylindrical container (3) in a treatment tank (1). A stir mechanism (5) is provided in the container. An excrement inlet (32a) is provided at a bottom portion (32) of the container. A discharge port (20a) by which treated excrements are discharged, is provided at an upper portion (33) of the container.    USE - For heat treating livestock excrements, for liquid fertilizer production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional perspective view of the heat treatment device. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Cylindrical treatment tank (1)    Annular cylindrical container (3)    Heating jacket (4)    Stir mechanism (5)    Discharge port (20a)    Bottom portion (32)    Excrement inlet (32a)    Upper portion (33).
NOVELTY - Organic waste processing apparatus comprising a tank equipped with stirring unit, and several components extending around rotation axis, is new. The tank is provided with an opening (23) above the stirring unit, for inserting waste; and a drive unit provided below the stirring unit, for downwardly rotating stirring unit before the insertion of organic waste.    USE - For processing organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus effectively processes organic waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of organic waste processing apparatus. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Opening (23).
NOVELTY - Organic waste decomposing apparatus, comprising a cooling fan (63) provided to cool the air paths (58,59) between inflow port and outflow port of the treatment tank (50), is new. A heat exchanger (64) is provided in the air path between the inflow port and cooling fan.    USE - For decomposing organic refuse such as food waste in restaurants.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the process efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a waste food decomposition apparatus.    Treatment tank (50)    Air paths (58,59)    Cooling fan (63)    Heat exchanger (64).
NOVELTY - Solid organic waste (1) such as organic refuse is crushed and pretreated by passing through screen having openings of size 4-15 nm. The pretreated waste is then subjected to methane fermentation, and the methane fermented slurry is isolated by passing through screen having openings of size 1-5 mm. The isolated slurry is composted and solid organic waste is processed    USE - For processing solid organic waste such as organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables to efficiently remove plastic and recover methane. The compost obtained after processing has greatly improved quality.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of organic waste processing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solid organic waste (1)
NOVELTY - A pair of methanation tanks (2a,2b) are connected in parallel, for carrying out methanation of the hydrolyzed organic waste discharged from a hydrolyzing tank (1). An exchange unit is provided for replacing the contents of one methanation tank with that of other methanation tanks.    USE - For carrying out decomposition and gasification of organic waste by micro-organism.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits an active reduction of the micro-organism in a methanation tank, by exchanging the contents between the tanks. Ensures the continued operation of an organic refuse bio gasifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The exchange unit includes a pair of extraction flow paths (3a,3b) each provided with shut-off valves (4a,4b) which are connected to a collection flow path (5) provided with an infusion solution pump (6) for collecting the hydrolyzed organic waste from each methanation tank. A pair of return flow paths (7a,7b) each provided with shut-off valves (8a,8b) are branched from the collection flow paths for returning the contents to each methanation tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of organic refuse bio gasifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Extraction flow paths (3a,3b)    Shut-off valves (4a,4b,8a,8b)    Collection flow path (5)    Infusion solution pump (6)    Return flow paths (7a,7b)
NOVELTY - A microorganism selected from Bacillus SP-FERMP-17957, 17958, 17959, or 17960, and Arthrobacter SP-FERMP-17961, that decomposes organic refuses, cellulose, lignin, environmental contaminants (endocrine disrupter), and dioxin, and is resistant to acid and heavy metal, is new.    USE - The microorganism is useful for decomposing organic refuse (such as grain, meat, fat, vegetables, fruit, sea weed, shells or bones), sawdust, cellulose, lignin, environmental contaminants, dioxin and toxic substances.    ADVANTAGE - The microorganism effectively decomposes organic refuses, cellulose, lignin, environmental contaminants (endocrine disrupter), and dioxin, within a short time, and is resistant to acid and heavy metal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a table showing average processing time of organic refuses. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An organic refuse processing apparatus (1) comprising a container (2) which is filled with organic refuse (X) and garbage disposal material (M) for treatment through a supply and discharge port (3), is new. A rotary stirrer (4) is provided to stir the refuse and treatment material.    USE - For processing organic refuse disposed from restaurant, convenience store, medical plant, and recycling the processed material as soil improvement material.    ADVANTAGE - Decomposes waste material without discharging odor out of group, as the stirrer mixes organic refuse in container with treatment material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic refuse processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an organic refuse processing apparatus.    Organic refuse processing apparatus (1)    Container (2)    Supply and discharge port (3)    Rotary stirrer (4)    Garbage disposal material (M)    Organic refuse (X).
NOVELTY - The gas of basic organic substance containing molecular nitrogen is introduced in a deodorant tank (1) which supports microorganisms. Water, which is sprinkled in the deodorant tank, is collected and the pH is adjusted to 6.0-8.5, preferably 7.0-8.0. The collected water is again used for sprinkling.    USE - For deodorizing gas of basic organic substance containing molecular nitrogen, such as amines, pyridine and pyrroline, generated by foundries, chemical plants and food-processing factories.    ADVANTAGE - The odor component is decomposed and deodorized efficiently, without using chemicals and causing secondary public hazard.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a microorganism deodorizing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic drawing of the deodorizing apparatus.    Deodorant tank (1).
NOVELTY - Production of a fuel composition enriched with different constituents including a main fuel and at least one additive comprises grinding the constituents in a grinding chamber (3). The different constituents are introduced separately into the grinding chamber.    USE - Production of animal-derived meal-enriched fuels for combustion in various industries such as cement manufacture or steam production, or intended for incineration.    ADVANTAGE - The enriched fuel has improved homogeneity that can be modified during grinding.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The different constituents are introduced into the grinding chamber (3) at a single location. Preferably, the constituents are introduced independently and at different locations distributed radially in a plane perpendicular to the X-axis of the grinding chamber (3).    Metering of the different constituents can be modified continuously during grinding of the constituents.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a device for the fabrication of the enriched fuel composition. The device includes metering units (4a, 5a, 6a) for the separate metering of each constituent, and transfer units (4b, 5b, 6b) for introducing the constituents at different locations into the grinding chamber (3). The grinding chamber (3) can have a variable height along the X-axis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view from above of a device used for implementation of the invention.    Grinder (1)    Air supply inlet of grinder (2)    Grinding chamber (3)    Constituent supply systems (4, 5, 6)    Metering units (4a, 5a, 6a)    Transfer units (4b, 5b, 6b)
NOVELTY - Treatment of animal-derived meal involves intimately mixing the meal with a carbonaceous powder such that the mixture contains 5-40% of the carbonaceous powder, and forming solid particles from the mixture by agglomeration under pressure.    USE - Treatment of animal-derived meal that has been implicated as a source of spongiform encephalitis, and use of the treated product as a solid fuel constituent.    ADVANTAGE - Animal-derived meal can be denatured in such a way that avoids its reintroduction into the animal food chain. Transport and destruction of the meal is facilitated by compacting its volume. Storage of the meal is improved. The meal is stabilized by the reduction in its specific surface and the addition of mineral elements. The product can be used as a solid fuel without significant modification in existing furnaces, used in industry, power plants, lime burning and cement making.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbonaceous powder wholly or partly comprises coal, lignite, coke, petroleum coke, peat, or carbonaceous residue.    A binder is mixed with the mixture of the meal and the carbonaceous powder, and the composition is cold-molded under an elevated pressure of 50-150 bars. The binder comprises hydraulic lime and/or fibrous clay. The fibrous clay is preferably an attapulgite-type clay.    Sodium tripolyphosphate in amount 0.05-0.3% can be incorporated into the mixture. 5-10% of clay can be added to the mixture in order to provide a bactericidal effect and an effluent-fixation effect during combustion.    The granules are obtained by compression in an agglomeration machine.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (a) a product obtained by using the above process; and    (b) an installation for the implementation of the above process, comprising weighing, mixing and agglomerating units.
NOVELTY - Biocomposite material (A) contains an inorganic gel (I), activator (II) and homogeneously embedded cells (III).    USE - (A) are biocatalysts for analytical or synthetic purposes, particularly in medicine, biotechnology, food processing or environmental technology. Typical applications use Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation or heavy metal binding; Rhodococcus for phenol decomposition or Bacillus sphaericus in biofilters for heavy metal removal, from waste water.    ADVANTAGE - (A) can be made from an entirely aqueous sol, so that any contact between (III) and alcohol is avoided, resulting in high biological activity at low water content. (II) increases the porosity, and hence biological activity of (A). The aqueous sols can be stored for many weeks at below 5 degrees C and make possible wide range of mixing ratios for gel and (III), and incorporation of nutrients to extent life time of (III). The method is universally applicable with low demands for apparatus, energy and time, and does not involve exposure of (III) to heat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for preparing (A).
NOVELTY - A fuel cell installation made of at least one HT-PEM fuel cell module with a membrane-electrode unit that is driven with hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich gas has a waste gas catalyser (25) for hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons present for the fuel cells run with a hydrogen-rich combustion gas won from a liquid fuel on the waste gas side of the membrane-electrode unit. The waste gas catalyser is a hydrogen catalyser. Undesired hydrogen emissions with the hydrogen catalyser are excluded for the HT-PEM fuel cell module run with hydrogen-rich gas. The hydrogen catalyser is a platinum network. The waste gas catalyser can be heated electrically.    USE - not given    ADVANTAGE - The operation of the fuel cells is insensitive to impurities of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas or hydrogen won from the fuel by a reformer.
NOVELTY - Multicomponent composition (A) for oxidizing a substrate at alkaline pH comprises CotA protein as oxidation catalyst, oxygen as electron acceptor and a CotA-oxidizable compound (I) as substrate.    USE - (A) is used (claimed) for bleaching cellulose; bleaching indigo in production of jeans; as an oxidation system in laundry and dishwashing compositions; for organic synthesis; for breaking down polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and for coal liquefaction, also (not claimed) for bleaching organic compounds generally, e.g. in waste waters from dyehouses; to reduce dye transfer; to inactivate microorganisms and viruses; to remove oxygen from oil; and to produce lignin-containing boards (by generating crosslinking radicals from phenolic components of wood).    ADVANTAGE - CotA has phenol oxidase activity for a wide range of substrates, with optimum pH 7.5-8.5 (higher than known (poly)phenol oxidases), and retains about 50% of its maximum activity at pH 9.5. It is easily and inexpensively produced, in active form and at high space-time yield, in heterologous bacteria.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for oxidizing (I) using (A).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator for miniature fuel battery.    USE - Miniature fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Small size, light weight, high strength and good sealing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen generator is composed of a water chamber which is a rubber bag for storing and supplying water, hydrogen generating box containing the hydrogen-bearing material for generating hydrogen by reaction of water on the hydrogen-bearing material, and water flow control plate for controlling the water supplied to reaction chamber. It integrates the hydrogen generation, storage and supply.
NOVELTY - A compact fuel processor for converting a hydrocarbon fuel feed into hydrogen-rich gas comprises a processor assembly (A) containing concentric vessels for converting the feed into hydrogen-rich gas suitable for direct feed to a fuel cell.    USE - The fuel processor converts hydrocarbons into hydrogen-rich gas for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The processor is a simple unit of compact design which permits highly efficient heat transfer between different reactor modules.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for two further fuel processors comprising either:    (a) a reforming module for converting hydrocarbon fuel feed into hydrogen-rich gas and    (b) an oxidizing module for oxidizing fuel cell anode tail gas to produce a hot exhaust gas which preheats the hydrocarbon fuel feed    or    (a) a heat exchanger coil,    (b) a reforming core vessel containing an autothermal reforming catalyst bed,    (c) a desulfurizing vessel surrounding this and forming a first annular space filled with desulfurization catalyst,    (d) a shift vessel surrounding this and forming a second annular space filled with water gas shift catalyst and    (e) a preferred oxidation vessel surrounding this and forming a third annular space filled with preferred oxidation catalyst.    The hydrocarbon fuel feed is preheated by the hydrogen-rich gas in the heat exchanger coil and then introduced to the reforming core vessel and the successive annular spaces to produce hydrogen-rich gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates an embodiment of the compact fuel processor.    Reforming stack (30)    Oxidizing stack (40)    Anode tail gas oxidation reactor (204)    Anode tail gas (206)    Desulfurization reactor (210)    Autothermal reformation reactor (224)    Desulfurization reactor (226)    Water-gas shift reactor (228)    Preferential oxidation reactor (230)
NOVELTY - A reactor module comprises a module inlet for receiving a feed stream; a module outlet for producing an effluent stream; a reactor having a reactor inlet, a reactor outlet and catalyst; an inlet spiral passage in fluid communication with the module inlet to the reactor inlet; and an outlet spiral passage in fluid communication with the reactor outlet to the module outlet.    USE - For use in a compact fuel processor.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple unit for converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen-rich gas stream for use in conjunction with a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reactor module comprises a module inlet for receiving a feed stream; a module outlet for producing an effluent stream; a reactor having a reactor inlet, a reactor outlet, and catalyst; an inlet spiral passage in fluid communication with the module inlet to the reactor inlet; and an outlet spiral passage in fluid communication with the reactor outlet to the module outlet. The feed stream is introduced to the module inlet, passed through the inlet spiral passage, and heated by hot reactor product passing through the outlet spiral passage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an overhead cross-sectional view of a reactor module.
NOVELTY - Producing bioproducts by establishing an environment under controlled conditions, where microorganisms are used to oxidize a slurry containing metal sulfide minerals; and separating and recovering bioproducts from the slurry, is new.    USE - The method is used for producing bioproducts which are microorganism and proteins (enzymes) (claimed). The bioproducts may be used directly in subsequent manufacturing and commercialization activities, or may be screened to discover components of interest. They can be recycled to be used as bioleaching agents. The microorganism when subjected to bioprospecting is used for the identification of bioproducts, e.g. enzymes and genes.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method provides a useful alternative source of bioproducts resistant to extreme environmental conditions such as heat, acidity and metal concentrations. It creates a unique microbial growth environment as no similar hyperoxygenated environments occur naturally
NOVELTY - A silage inoculant (I) comprising an isolated and purified viable culture mixture of a homofermentive Lactobacillus plantarum and a heterofermentive lactic acid bacteria L.buchneri or L.brevis in a ratio of 1:5-1:15, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for animal feed or silage to improve performance of animals (all claimed), such as pigs, poultry and ruminants.    ADVANTAGE - (I) has improved aerobic stability and effectively provides sufficient low pH to ensure adequate preservation of ensiled forage. (I) can be either directly applied on the forage or dissolved in a liquid carrier and sprayed on the forage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) animal feed or silage comprising the silage inoculant;    (2) treatment of animal feed or silage by feeding 1x104-1x105 colony forming units (CFU)/g of inoculant;    (3) a container comprising the silage inoculant;    (4) improving animal performance by feeding the animal with the feed; and    (5) an isolated and purified viable culture of L.buchneri from strain LN1391 (ATCC Accession No.PTA-2493), LN4637 (ATCC Accession N0.PTA-2494), LN4750 (ATCC Accession No.PTA-2495) or its functional mutant.
NOVELTY - The operating method has air for operation of the fuel cell stack (1) and the reformer (2) producing a hydrogenous gas introduced into a low-pressure chamber (7) enclosing components of the fuel cell device (23). The air supplied to the low-pressure chamber removes convective heat from the fuel cell components and absorbs gases from possible leaks, with the removed heat transferred to a cooling circuit (8), for subsequent heat transfer to a heating circuit (10,11).    USE - The method is used for operation of a fuel cell device in a low-pressure chamber.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows recovery of waste heat and prevents release of gases into the environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell device.    Fuel cell stack (1)    Reformer (2)    Low-pressure chamber (7)    Cooling circuit (8)    Heating circuit (10,11)    Fuel cell device (23)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer subassembly, fuel cell stacks, an air supply header, an air and water return header, a fuel supply header and a fuel discharge header. Each fuel cell stack has fuel inlet channels, an air inlet channel, and an air and water outlet channel.    USE - Used in electric utility systems, and in residential and light commercial applications.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system has improved discrete fuel cell modules, and provides for economical and efficient production of electricity. It can be made more compact and achieves optimal mass transport. The fuel cell stack replacement is simplified and maintenance operation for failed fuel cell assemblies are quicker with less down time. Flooding and drying out of the electrolyte are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer subassembly (100), fuel cell stacks (210), an air supply header (260), an air and water return header (270), a fuel supply header (240), and a fuel discharge header (250). The fuel cell stacks are arranged to surround the reformer assembly. Each fuel cell stack has fuel inlet channels having top and bottom, an air inlet channel, and an air and water outlet channel. The air supply header serves to connect an air supplying mechanism to the fuel cell stack. The air and water return header is connected to the air and water outlet channel. The fuel supply header serves to connect the reformer sub-assembly to the top of the fuel inlet channels. The fuel discharge header is connected to the bottom of the fuel inlet channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system.    Reformer subassembly (100)    Fuel cell stacks (210)    Fuel supply header (240)    Fuel discharge header (250)    Air supply header (260)    Transition pieces (265)    Air and water return header (270)
NOVELTY - The method involves using a methane production suppressing water gas shift (WGS) reaction catalyst (A) comprising an effective amount of basic metal oxide for suppressing methane production.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas stream supplied to fuel cell especially proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst inhibits or eliminates the methanation side reaction, without producing the activity of catalyst and without increasing the cost of catalyst synthesis and production. Exothermic production of methane is inhibited during water gas shift reaction, and higher level of hydrogen is produced at lower reaction temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for methane production suppressing WGS reaction catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graphical comparison of performance of methane suppressing WGS reaction catalyst and methane production WGS catalyst, as measured by carbon monoxide conversion percentage and amount of methane production.
NOVELTY - A pair of valves (17,18) is placed in an inlet (15) and an outlet (16) of a hydrogen circuit (14) of an anode compartment (3), respectively. The valve in the inlet of the hydrogen circuit is progressively controlled by a detector (19) which detects pressure of a gas in the anode compartment.    USE - For activating fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The installation of the fuel cell ensures a self-shutting down of the anode compartment of the element, by an uncomplicated control process which can be performed even by unskilled person.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell activation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of the safety device.    Anode compartment (3)    Hydrogen circuit (14)    Inlet (15)    Outlet (16)    Valves (17,18)    Detector (19)
NOVELTY - A cylindrical heat transfer partition wall (14), acting as radiation cylinder, and several cylinders (61-69), are arranged coaxially. A burner (18) is arranged at the center of the coaxial cylinders. A reforming catalyst layer (8) is provided inside the space formed between the cylinders (61,62) in downstream side, and a pre-heat layer (51a) packed with metal packing is provided in the upstream side.    USE - Used for producing hydrogen rich gas used in solid-state polymer type fuel cell by steam-reforming hydrocarbon based fuel such as city gas or LPG, also used in optical fiber/semiconductor manufacturing process.    ADVANTAGE - Since the concentration of the carbondioxide in the reform gas can be decreased to a predetermined value or less, the reformer can be used as a hydrogen generator for a solid-state polymer fuel cell, thus forming a compact, high efficient fuel cell. Since the reformed gas passing through the CO modifying catalyst layer and air can be agitated sufficiently, reaction in the CO selective oxidation catalyst layer can be performed reliably without any loss, so the hydrogen generating efficiency of the reformer can be increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the single-pipe cylinder type reformer.    Reforming catalyst layer (8)    Burner (18)    Gas flow path (27)    Preheat layer (51a)    Circular cylinders (61-69)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic membrane (32) is arranged between and anode (34) and a cathode (36) which is in contact with a porous tube (40). Two insulating gaskets (38) are located at respective fuel cell ends for separating the anode and the cathode. Upper and lower manifolds (42,44) provided at respective fuel cell ends, retain and provide fuel/electric power passageway to anode, cathode and porous tube.    USE - Tubular fuel cell for use in automotive and land-based stationary applications.    ADVANTAGE - The manifolds mechanically integrate the fuel cell tubes and electrodes and allow the fuel cell stack to operate under natural convection mode without the need for external clamping. Since the manifolds act as power leads, the need for an external power connection device, volume air-compressor and external power lead is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a full cell tube having integrated manifolds.    Electrolytic membrane (32)    Anode (34)    Cathode (36)    Insulating gaskets (38)    Porous tube (40)    Upper manifold (42)    Lower manifold (44)
NOVELTY - An oxidizer (24) oxidizes the fuel cell exhaust stream produced from a fuel cell stack (22) to produce an oxidizer exhaust stream (30). A heat recovery device (26) transfers a portion of the oxidizer exhaust stream into a water stream (54) to generate heated stream. A controller (60) maintains the heated stream at predetermined temperature by controlling the stream transfer amount.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - By controlling the amount of oxidized exhaust stream transferred to water stream, the temperature of the heated water stream is reliably maintained within predetermined range, hence capacity and flexibility for thermal control of the system are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell operation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (22)    Oxidizer (24)    Heat recovery device (26)    Oxidizer exhaust stream (30)    Water stream (54)    Controller (60)
NOVELTY - A new natural gas absorbent is a metal complex of a compound of specific formula and a metal selected from copper, chromium, molybdenum, rhodium, palladium, or tungsten.    USE - For preserving natural gas, mainly methane gas, in a tank.    ADVANTAGE - The new gas absorbent is easy to prepare and has a higher absorption capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new natural gas absorbent is a metal complex of a compound of formula (I) and a metal selected from copper, chromium, molybdenum, rhodium, palladium, or tungsten.    R(R1-R2)3 (I)    R = benzene-1,3,5-triyl, cyclohexane-1,3,5-triyl or a group of formula (i) or (ii);    R1 = a direct bond, -CH=CH-, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene or 2,6-naphthylene;    R2 = -COOH, -NH2, -NO2, -SH, or -SCN.
NOVELTY - A solid fuel comprises solidified paper made waste material of container.    USE - For producing charcoal.    ADVANTAGE - Effective usage of waste material, such as corrugated compound and container, is enabled. Volume reduction of waste material is enabled using volume reduction soluble machine. Charcoal can be produced stably from the solid fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solid fuel which involves grinding corrugated cardboard of carton box or paper made container to collect paper, and solidifying using volume reduction solid machine to obtain solidified fuel.
NOVELTY - The metal honeycomb structure is formed by laminating or winding a flat stainless steel foil (2) and corrugated stainless steel foil (3). At least one surface of stainless steel foil is covered by alpha-alumina insulating layer comprising an equiaxillar crystal and/or columnar crystal.    USE - As reformer in fuel cell for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon and alcohol, used in motor vehicle and domestic purpose.    ADVANTAGE - As the honey-comb structure can raise temperature quickly, generation time of fuel is shortened and efficiency of fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of metal honey-comb structure.    Flat stainless steel foil (2)    Corrugated stainless steel foil (3)
NOVELTY - Novel fermentation process involves the raw material being supplied to a fermenter (2) for fixed time and the material is fermented. The exhaust gas emitted from the fermenter is circulated, so that it passes through the fermented material in the fermenter instead of performing deodorizing process.    USE - The method is useful for fermentation of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - The load of exhaust gas emitted from fermenter is reduced by circulating within the fermenter. Hence, the release of odor component to the atmosphere is prevented favorably without expanding deodorizing installation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fermentation processing facility.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of a fermentation processing method using fermentation processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fermenter (2)
NOVELTY - An organic refuse processing apparatus comprises a purification water tank (5) and a volume reduction treatment tank (1). The volume reduction tank carries out volume reduction of organic refuse, with a microorganism (2). The purification water tank decomposes, and removes the offensive odor component in odorous gas produced in volume reduction tank.    USE - For fermentation decompose-treating of the organic refuse, such as foodstuff waste produced in restaurants, hospitals, schools, and food-processing sectors.    ADVANTAGE - The processing apparatus provides a high deodorizing effect, thus preventing leakage of foul smell. The processing apparatus maintains the microbial bed at a dried condition, and also reduces the atmospheric pressure in the volume reduction tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the organic refuse processing apparatus.    Volume reduction treatment tank (1)    Microorganism (2)    Purification water tank (5)
NOVELTY - Ammonia smell released from organic waste is deodorized by sprinkling filamentous fungi, such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Number 1 strain (FERM P-17829), having ammonia decomposing ability, on the organic waste.    USE - For deodorizing ammonia smell released from organic waste such as cattle feces, hen droppings, excrements of livestock, organic refuse, and domestic fowl such as pet excrements.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple, efficient and safe in controlling production of ammonia during decomposition of organic waste, without producing a bad influence on human and animal health. The culture of filamentous fungi has high ammonia utilizing and decomposition strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for filamentous fungi culture, sprayed on organic waste.
NOVELTY - A long wall (1a) is provided at one side of an open-type fermentation area. A rail (3) is laid on the wall. A carriage (6) with wheels (4) is rotatably supported on the rail. A cleaning impeller driven by a pair of motors (54) provided on the carriage at opposite width side of the wall. The motors are arranged on front and back sides of the carriage in rotary track of the wheels.    USE - For fermenting organic wastes ejected from raw excrement, foodstuff, cattle, etc., in food production factory, home.    ADVANTAGE - Reciprocating motion of the carriage is performed smoothly by locating the cleaning impeller on the track of the wheel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the plan view of an open-type fermentation processing apparatus.    Long wall (1a)    Rail (3)    Wheels (4)    Carriage (6)    Motors (54).
NOVELTY - A high temperature fermenter (1) carries out hydrolysis and methanation of organic substance with hydrolyzing microbe and high temperature methane microbe. A medium temperature methanation tank (2) carries out methanation of organic substance in the liquid ejected from high temperature fermenter, with a medium temperature methane microbe.    USE - For carrying out decomposition and gasification of organic refuse by microorganism such as bacteria.    ADVANTAGE - Rapid and advanced methanation is performed by providing high and medium temperature fermenter. Increases decomposition efficiency of organic refuse and improves methane recovery. The load of waste liquid processing facility is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The optimal temperature of high temperature methane microbe and medium temperature methane microbe are 57degreesC and 37degreesC, respectively. In an alternate arrangement, a hydrolyzing tank is provided to hydrolyze the organic substance in organic refuse, which is connected to the high temperature methanation tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of organic refuse bio-gasifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    High temperature fermenter (1)    Medium temperature methanation tank (2)
NOVELTY - A fermenter for methanation of organic substance, is connected to a settling tank (3) which carries out sedimentation of the liquid ejected from fermenter and separates concentrated and supernatant liquids. The concentrated liquid is supplied through a return path (4c), to the fermenter.    USE - For carrying out decomposition and gasification of organic substance in an organic refuse by microorganisms such as bacteria.    ADVANTAGE - The operating method of the gasifier reduces solid content, inhibits organic substance concentration and ensures stable driving of gasifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fermenter has a methanation tank (2) which carries out methanation of organic substance hydrolyzed by a hydrolyzing tank (1). The amount of flow of concentrated liquid through the return paths (4a,4b) from settling tank, is adjusted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the bio-gasifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrolyzing tank (1)    Methanation tank (2)    Settling tank (3)    Return paths (4a-4c)
NOVELTY - A compost casting comprises a compost mold containing organic substance for growing plants.    USE - For reclamation of waste materials, such as home refuse, industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - The compost casting and its manufacturing method effectively processes waste materials, prevents environmental problem. The casting which effectively recycles waste material, has high industrial utility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of compost casting, which involves composting an organic compost, and molding the compost into a mold.
NOVELTY - A melting furnace (12) is equipped to heat and remove the ash content in gas (3). A modification chamber with a smaller space is provided between a fluidized bed gasification furnace (11) and a rotation melting furnace.    USE - For the gasification of organic wastes, such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge or industrial waste to be used for a power generation plant.    ADVANTAGE - Increases gasification ratio and performs generation of electricity. Improves gas heating value. Performs efficient recovery of flyash.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas containing oxygen (1b) and water vapor (1a) is supplied to thermally decompose the waste and generate gas. A modification chamber supplies water vapor to the piping between gasification furnace and melting furnace for gas outlet mouth of gasification furnace.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gasification power generation installation of organic waste. A gas turbine electrical power generating device, a gas engine electrical power generating device and fuel cell power generating device operate to generate electricity using gas, respectively. A steam turbine is operated using steam heated exhaust gas to drive a generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of a gasification power generation installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water vapor (1a)    Oxygen (1b)    Gas (3)    Fluidized bed gasification furnace (11)    Melting furnace (12)
NOVELTY - Removing periphyton from water using a vegetable string-like material which is suspended in the water body and adhesive periphyton in water is adhered to the string-like material. The periphyton is ground and mixed with a culture medium containing aerobic thermophilic bacteria. Aerated fermentation is performed and periphyton is converted into a useful microbe containing fermented material.    USE - For removing periphyton from water bodies such as river, lakes and marshes. The removed and treated periphyton is further used as a microbe containing fermented material for sludge purification for organic fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE - Periphyton is efficiently removed and utilized as a microbe containing fermented material. Water bodies are purified by removal of periphyton and hence contamination is reduced. Growth of periphyton is a threat to phytoplankton which is the nutrition supplement of fish; removal of periphyton ensures ecological balance. The vegetable string used for pulling-out periphyton is a straw fiber, rope, plant vine or hemp palm, which is cheap and reliable, so the process is cost effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for microbes containing the fermented material.
NOVELTY - A method of producing an artificial charcoal involves mixing a powder of pulverized, combustible, waste material (2) with a powder of at least one pulverized stone that generates far-infrared radiation and/or negative ions. Subsequently, mixed powder is molded, solidified, and subjected to dry distillation process to produce artificial charcoal.    USE - To produce artificial charcoal from waste material, such as combustible, industrial waste material discharged from factories, construction sites, offices and homes, and other combustible materials such wood bark, small pieces of timber, and waste lumber subject to stack at sluice gates of electric power stations and environmental pollution-prone material such as plastic material.    ADVANTAGE - The method efficiently process the considerable amounts of industrial waste materials and materials leading to environmental pollution that are discharged into the daily life of world society. The artificial charcoal generates few carbon dioxide gases, whilst being capable of radiating far-infrared rays and/or negative ions that are useful to human health. The artificial charcoal is obtained using easily available raw materials. The ashes generated after combustion of artificial charcoal can be widely used as fertilizer for plants, fruits and trees. The combustible gas generated during dry distillation can be used as fuel for bio-mass electric power generation, heating system and green house.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for artificial charcoal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic explanatory view of a dry distillation heating and carbonizing device used for producing artificial charcoal.    Waste material (2)
NOVELTY - Soils polluted by heavy metal compounds are treated by mixing to a mixture of microorganisms and sterilized edible materials; and keeping the resulting mixture damp by contribution of water and/or sugary solution, and aerated by injecting and/or sucking air. The microorganisms are those present in soils and are grown in an aerobic environment on edible materials.    USE - The method is useful for treating soils polluted by heavy metal compounds e.g., compounds of copper, zinc, tin, mercury, lead, nickel and chromium.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method is simple and economical. The joint action of the microorganisms and the edible materials forms binders capable of directly coordinating to the heavy metal, thus making the metal water-soluble and therefore easily remove from the soil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Treatment of soils polluted by heavy metal compounds involves isolating and selecting the soil and mixing the soil to be treated to a mixture of microorganisms and sterilized edible materials. The microorganisms are those present in soils and are grown in an aerobic environment on edible materials comprising food industry products, by-products and/or residues. The resulting mixture is then kept damp, by contribution of water and/or sugary solution, and aerated by injecting and/or sucking air. The mixture is kept at a pH of 2-10 and at conditions adequate and suitable to the draining of the solutions of the heavy metal complexes polluting the treated soil.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a plant for depolluting soils contaminated from heavy metal compounds. The plant has horizontal reactor(s) having a cylinder-shaped structure and with rotary shafts rotating in a clockwise and/or in a counterclockwise direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows copper solubilization with two aqueous solutions (pH 3.5 and pH 5) and with bio-leaching of soil by using Penicillium and Aspergillus.
NOVELTY - Process for introducing fuel and/or thermal energy into a gas stream flowing to a catalytic reactor comprises feeding part of the gas stream to an outer chamber (3) and part of the gas stream to an inner chamber (5); combining the gas streams after they have passed through the chambers; and feeding to a catalytic reactor (7). The fuel is burned in the inner chamber in the start-up phase of the still cold catalytic reactor. Under normal operation of the hot catalytic reactor, the fuel is vaporized in the inner chamber.    USE - Used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The device is simple, robust and compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process.    Preferred Features: In the start-up phase, the fuel and the part of the gas stream flowing into the inner chamber form an ignitable mixture which ignites using an ignition unit (8). Air is partially used as the gas stream. The fuel is partially burned in a flame combustion. An additional gas stream (12) is added into the region of the outer chamber when the reactor is hot. The additional gas stream is an exhaust gas stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a two-pipe burner.    Outer chamber (3)    Inner chamber (5)    Catalytic reactor (7)    Ignition unit (8)    Additional gas stream (12)
NOVELTY - A gas generator using garbage as fuel comprises a furnace top, main body, refractory liner, ash dreg ring, ash tray, supporting frame, gas sucking pipe, gasifying reaction layer, cavity and gate. The gas sucking pipe at the lower part of the main body is arranged on the central axis of the ash dreg ring and ash tray, and its vertical gas sucking inlet has an ash stopping cover for preventing blocked by ash.    ADVANTAGE - High gas output rate.
NOVELTY - Refrigerant composition comprises a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant; and a solubilizing agent including butane, isobutane, pentane, dimethyl ether, or their mixtures.    USE - The refrigerant composition is used in industry for refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump applications. It is used as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire-extinguishing agents, foam blowing agents, and solvents. It is used as R-22 retrofit fluids.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive refrigerant composition is soluble in hydrocarbon oil, thus allowing for a simpler and less expensive retrofit option to the refrigerant user.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) A method for producing refrigeration, which involves condensing the above composition, and evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled;    (2) A method for producing heating, which involves condensing the inventive composition in the vicinity of a body to be heated, and evaporating the composition; and    (3) A method of recharging a refrigeration system of the type containing a chlorine-containing refrigerant and a lubricating oil, which involves removing the chlorine-containing refrigerant from the refrigeration system while leaving all of the lubricating oil in the system, and introducing to the lubricating oil left in the system the inventive composition.
NOVELTY - The device has a gaseous fuel, a membrane-electrode unit and a distribution plate with a channel region with gas channels for distributing the anode or cathode gas to the membrane-electrode unit and a port region for feeding the anode and cathode gases to the channel region. Additional connecting channels from the port region open along the gas channels so that unused anode or cathode gases can be locally dispensed into the gas channels.    USE - For generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Drying out of the membrane-electrode unit at the input to the gas channels is prevented without the use of additional media and without porous and hydrophilic distribution plates.
NOVELTY - An isolation valve (14) has a diaphragm-actuated controller (68) for urging the closure member (66) to an open position when the actuator is exposed to pressure. The actuator may be operatively connected to a fluid stream of the fuel cell assembly such that the actuator is exposed to fluid pressure of a fluid stream for urging the closure member to the open position, for opening the access opening.    USE - For isolating a fuel cell assembly from its surroundings.    ADVANTAGE - The ion-exchange membrane in the fuel cell stack may be kept moist to maintain adequate ionic conductivity and to reduce structural damage that may result if the membranes are allowed to become too dry resulting in the formation of cracks or holes. Prevents water from entering the stack during shutdown periods. Protects the fuel cell stack from contaminants or other hazards, such as exposure to salt water, particularly in marine applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for:    (a) a fuel cell assembly    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell assembly provided with enclosure having louvers capable of being operated in conjunction with the isolation valve according to the present invention.    isolation valve (14)    closure member (66)    diaphragm-actuated controller (68)
NOVELTY - A fuel processor (15) is located downstream of a compressor (12). A fuel cell stack (17) is in communication with the fuel processor and compressor. A first turbine (19) is located downstream of the fuel processor. A second turbine (20) is located downstream of the fuel processor. The second turbine is mechanically engaged to the compressor and first turbine.    USE - In a fuel cell power plant system that utilizes a pair of parallel turbines engaged to a compressor.    ADVANTAGE - Increased system efficiency operating at reduced loads. Provides constant pressure at all operating points of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.    compressor (12)    fuel processor (15)    fuel cell stack (17)    first turbine (19)    second turbine (20)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell collector plate is provided with one or more channels for the transport of reactants to the gas diffusion layer and the removal of water. The land width (68) between and inlet channel (72) and outlet channel (74) is reduced to improve the gas flow rate in region of depleted reactant concentrations. The depth of the inlet channel is reduced in the direction of flow to reduce the diffusion path as concentration of reactant is reduced.    USE - Removal of water from the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves water removal and uniformity of flow of reactants.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Plan view of collector plate channel arrangement    Land width (68)    Inlet channel (72)    Outlet channel (74)
NOVELTY - A cell stack assembly (12) comprising several interconnected fuel cells, has a fuel inlet manifold (26) and fuel exit manifold (28) for respectively receiving ad exhausting reactant fuel stream. The fuel exhaust manifold (28) is sealed for a predetermined time period to prevent the reactant fuel stream from exiting cell stack assembly (12) and opened for another predetermined time period.    USE - For increasing the operational efficiency of PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell power plant (claimed) for electric vehicle propulsion.    ADVANTAGE - Incidence of catastrophic failure of the fuel cell power plant due to fuel contamination or dilution is decreased. Structural complexity and fuel cell starvation are effectively avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell power plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the fuel cell power plant.    Cell stack assembly (12)    Fuel inlet manifold (26)    Fuel exit manifold (28)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen source comprises a chemical hydride (10) bound in an organic substance which reacts with water forming gaseous hydrogen.    USE - Used for operating fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Uncontrollable explosive operations are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell (1) comprising an electrolyte (2) limited on one side by an anode chamber (3) containing the hydrogen source and on the other side by a cathode chamber. Preferred Features: The organic substance is a hydrophobic substance that does not react with the chemical hybrid. The bound hydride contains pores as gas passages. The organic substance is a polymer and is liquid or viscous or powdered with a particle size of 1-100, especially 10-50 mum. The weight ratio of the hydride to the organic substance is 20-80: 80-20, preferably 30-50: 70-50.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell.    fuel cell (1)    electrolyte (2)    anode chamber (3)    chemical hydride (10)
NOVELTY - Water is pumped through a hollow body (22) with a locally-porous wall. In a chamber on the other side of the porous wall the fuel is pumped through at a defined flow rate. As a result of pressure difference, the fuel penetrates through the wall and into the passing water. A homogeneous, bubble-free (i.e. fuel vapor-free) mixture results.    USE - To dilute methanol for use in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) where the fuel cell temperature exceeds the boiling point of the fuel and the operational temperature or -pressure of the fuel cell is given by that of the mixer unit. (Claimed applications).    ADVANTAGE - Uniform dilution without bubble formation is achieved for methanol, or any other fuel used. Intensive mixing takes place over an extended surface area, with a high rate of heat transfer. The mixing volume is small and the responsiveness high. The mixture is in a state suitable for subsequent conditions encountered at the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding mixer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A possible implementation is shown in cross section.    Methanol-water mixer (20)    Hollow body (22)
NOVELTY - A solid block of ingot-shaped hydrogen occlusion alloy (111) is placed in an activation vessel (101). Hydrogen gas is introduced into the vessel, under conditions that cause the alloy to absorb hydrogen and crack or break to form an alloy powder. The powdered alloy is transferred from the vessel to a hydrogen storage tank, without exposing to oxygen.    USE - For producing hydrogen storage tanks used as alternate power source in vehicles or for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Requires no special processes to make the powdered hydrogen occlusion alloy, because the powdered alloy can be obtained by simply introducing hydrogen into the ingot shaped hydrogen-absorbing alloy. Minimizes activation process of exposing the surface area to oxygen in the air, by utilizing the ingot-shaped alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a high pressure activation vessel.    Activation vessel (101)    Ingot-shaped hydrogen occlusion alloy (111)
NOVELTY - Fluidized bed reactor (10) has reactor vessel (12) comprising closed reaction chamber of freeboard zone and reaction zone which comprises fluidized catalyst bed (20). Pre-heater which preheats reaction zone, and inlets (14a, 14b,16) for introducing steam, gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen respectively into reaction zone are provided. A tubular membrane (18) separates and withdraws hydrogen from reaction chamber.    USE - For producing and separating hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The fluidized bed reactor is used for producing pure hydrogen efficiently by steam/methane reforming reaction and simultaneous oxygen/methane oxidation reaction under autothermal conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic representation of fluidized bed reactor.    Fluidized bed reactor (10)    Reactor vessel (12)    Inlets for steam and gaseous hydrocarbon (14a,14b)    Oxygen inlet (16)    Tubular membrane (18)    Fluidized catalyst bed (20)    Distributor plate (22)
NOVELTY - Water-soluble or -dispersible composition (A) for treating a body of natural water contains (i) beneficial aerobic microorganisms (M); (ii) at least one non-toxic, water-soluble color (I), and (iii) optionally a growth accelerator for (M). (M) eliminates, or reduces the amount of, at least one organic pollutant, alga and/or weed, and (I) prevents or minimizes the photosynthetic activivty of at least one alga or weed.    USE - (A) is added to water bodies to control organic pollutants, e.g. pesticides or hydrocarbons, algae and weeds.    ADVANTAGE - (A) eliminates the need to treat water bodies with heavy metals (e.g. copper salts). The combination of (M) and (I) provides control over weeds and algae for much longer than either component when used alone, also it provides quicker and more complete control, and is also quite effective in preventing secondary algal blooms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for controlling organic pollutants, algae and weeds in water by adding (A).
NOVELTY - Production (I) of ethanol and bio-gas containing methane comprising feeding wet grain residue to livestock in feedlot with slatted floors, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for production of ethanol and a bio-gas containing methane, used in motor fuel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (I) reduces fossil fuel use, livestock methane emissions and other pollution, and transform wastes into valuable products. Thus, reductions in green house gases (GHGs) are achieved cost effectively and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of the three primary subsystems, along with the common energy complex, are integrated in a continuous production of clean beef or milk, ethanol, wet distillers' grains with solubles, and bio-gas/bio-fertilizer/bio-solids.
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon gas and steam reformer includes a cylinder loosely packed with pelletized catalyst. A steam tube is adjacent hydrocarbon gas tube, such that a flow stream of steam mixes with hydrocarbon gas. The mixed gas and steam is contacted with steam loosely packed pelletized catalyst, thus converting the hydrocarbon gas into a stream of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.    USE - For fueling a proton fuel cell with H2 from low pressure hydrocarbon gas tank.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive device provides an easy removal of CO and CO2 from the fuel before the feeding of hydrogen to the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrocarbon gas and steam reformer comprises a cylinder loosely packed with pelletized catalyst. A carbon gas is introduced into the cylinder by a tube at low pressure through a cap. An exhaust tube (20) protrudes outwardly from the cylinder through an end cap at an end of the cylinder. A steam is introduced into the cylinder by another tube at pressure higher than the low pressure hydrocarbon gas. The steam tube has a lesser length than the hydrocarbon gas tube (14) or virtually no length protruding into the cylinder. The steam tube (18) is positioned adjacent the hydrocarbon gas tube. The steam of higher pressure produces a flow stream of steam over an open end of the hydrocarbon gas tube, such that the hydrocarbon gas and the steam mix. The mixed gas and steam is contacting with the loosely packed pelletized catalyst under pressure and elevated temperature, such that the hydrocarbon gas is converted into a stream of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the inventive reformer.    Hydrocarbon gas tube (14)    Steam tube (18)    Exhaust tube (20)
NOVELTY - A solid high molecule type fuel battery has a gas diffusion electrode layer i (2) in a hollow shape having an inside diameter of 0.5 - 10 mm; a high solid electrolytic film layer (1) formed at the outer periphery of the gas diffusion electrode layer I (2); and a gas diffusion electrode layer ii (3) formed at the outer periphery of the high molecule solid electrolytic film layer (1).    USE - None is given.    ADVANTAGE - Strength is excellent and shaping is easy to make.
NOVELTY - Organic waste disposal system comprises a condenser which condenses vapor produced due to dehydration and drying of the waste material under reduced pressure within a low pressure holder. A detector detects quantity of condensate obtained by condensing the vapor.    USE - For disposal of organic waste of sludge in garbage used in home and office.    ADVANTAGE - The overheating of organic waste material is prevented by detecting the quantity of condensate, thus contributes to energy conservation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for waste disposal system operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the waste disposal system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen sulfide contained in sewage gas is removed by methane fermentation method. Sewage gas is introduced into a reaction vessel, and hydrogen sulfide is reacted with sulfur dioxide in the reaction vessel. The sulfur is isolated, and recovered from the reaction vessel.    USE - For removing hydrogen sulfide from sewage gas of organic waste such as livestock excrement, garbage and sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen sulfide is removed stably and inexpensively from the sewage gas, by increasing the reactivity of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide recovered is recycled. The environmental pollution due to the hydrogen sulfide removal process is eliminated.
NOVELTY - A mixture of organic refuse containing impurities, e.g. a vinyl bag, are crushed followed by classification and removal of impurities from the mixture. Then energy is produced from the organic refuse by composting or methane fermentation, and the removed impurities are carbonized, so that the organic refused is processed.    USE - For processing organic refuse containing impurities, such as vinyl bags, and plastic.    ADVANTAGE - The energy production is efficiently performed. The obtained charcoal is suitable for wide applications, as the chlorine compound is removed. Handling of the organic refuse is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for processing organic refuse. The apparatus comprises crushing apparatus (2) which crushes the mixture of organic refuse, classification apparatus-separation apparatus (5) which classify and separate impurities from the mixture, energy production apparatus (4) which produces energy and a carbonization apparatus (7) which carbonizes the separated impurities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the apparatus for processing organic refuse. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Acceptance apparatus (1)    Crushing apparatus (2)    Classification-separation apparatus (3)    Energy production apparatus (4)    Carbonization apparatus (7)
NOVELTY - Water is vaporized independently and set as water vapor by a water vaporizer (1). The water vapor is supplied with liquid fuel, to a fuel vaporizer (5) having a heat source and then heated and vaporized by reducing the vaporization temperature of the liquid fuel.    USE - For the vaporization of water-insoluble liquid fuel such as petroleum-type liquid fuel or kerosene oil, used for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Heat decomposition of the liquid fuel by high temperature and variation in the quality of the liquid fuel, are prevented by reducing vaporization temperature of liquid fuel, hence the vaporization is reliably performed. Heating is performed quickly from beginning of the vaporization process. Since the exhaust heat from the modifier is used as heat source for fuel vaporizer, supply of electricity is not required, hence efficient energy saving is enabled. The vaporization method is performed efficiently and smoothly from the beginning of the reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principle portion of block diagram of fuel cell system which attached vaporization method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water vaporizer (1)    Fuel vaporizer (5)    Modifier (9)
NOVELTY - Flammable materials such as flammable industrial waste from a waste supplier and air from a double damper (7) are supplied to a gasifier (8) to carry out partial combustion or high temperature combustion. The flammable material supply amount is controlled by operation of the double damper.    USE - For treating flammable waste materials, e.g. municipal solid waste and industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the heat gain of the melting furnace and decreases the heat loss of the gasifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A waste dust supplier is rotated depending on the signal from a double damper. The super-stage damper operation is started after starting a screw-type waste supplier (26), by supplying pulse gas, e.g. gas containing air, non-combustible gas or exhaust gas on the surface of the upper stage damper.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gasifier sealing method.    Double damper (7)    Gasifier (8)    Screw type waste supplying machine (26)
NOVELTY - Waste water purification method uses microorganisms fixed in carbon fibers which comprise oxygen containing groups. Waste water containing decomposition-resistant organic substance is contacted with the fiber, the organic substance is decomposed and waste water is purified.    USE - For waste water purification.    ADVANTAGE - Water purification is continuously and effectively performed. The decomposition-resistant organic substance is efficiently decomposed and hence waste water is efficiently purified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the difference of effect with respect to amount of carbon fiber used. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel cell power generator has reformer (3), carbon monoxide removal apparatus (5) equipped with carbon monoxide conversion device (4), and fuel cell (6) and water vapor generator. The starting method of fuel cell power generator involves raising temperature of catalyst layer in carbon monoxide conversion device to more than reaction temperature, by supplying mixed gas of nitrogen and air to device (4).    USE - For starting fuel cell power generator used for generating power.    ADVANTAGE - By supplying mixed gas comprising nitrogen gas and air to the carbon monoxide conversional device, the temperature of catalyst layer can be raised to more than reaction temperature in a short time. The starting time of the generator is reduced to 90 minutes compare to conventional starting time of 180 minutes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptional diagram of duel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (3)    Carbon monoxide conversion device (4)    Carbon monoxide removal device (5)    Fuel cell (6)
NOVELTY - Air to be humidified and cooling water flow through hollow fiber membranes (21). Air containing moisture ejected from a fuel cell also flows through the membranes in the opposite direction, such that the moisture of ejected air is imparted to the supply air. During start-up, supply air is humidified by the water.    USE - For fuel cells in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Separate humidification apparatus do not need to be provided at the time of start-up, since cooling water is used suitably, thus reducing size. While humidification property of a humidifies improves, the amount of water recovered also increases. Supply air is efficiently humidified over the whole of hollow fiber membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view and a sectional side view of the hollow fiber membrane module contained in a humidifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hollow fiber membrane (21)
NOVELTY - Protection equipment for protecting precious resources, comprising an organic substance mixed with a microorganism for fermentation,which is stored in several chambers (A'10) divided by partitions (A'21) with bottom holes (A'22) and overflow plates, is new.    USE - For the protection of limited and precious resources including organic refuse by performing a fermentation process to produce methane gas for use as a fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of processing organic refuse can be satisfactorily maintained and the environmental pollution caused due to throwing away waste including plastic bags into which the wastes are filled can be reduced, while promoting the effective usage of wasted resources. The dependence of bus and motor vehicles to fossil fuels can also be reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic substance mixed with a microorganism for fermentation, is stored in several chambers (A'10) divided by partitions (A'21) with bottom holes (A'22) and overflow plates (A'23) protruded from the middle of the partitions to form a long path of zigzag shape stepwise and a passing-on structure (A'20), to pass the mixture to progress the fermentation to form methane with air fed from a source (A'50).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of resource protection equipment.    Accommodation chamber (A'10)    Passing-on system (A'20)    Partitions (A'21)    Bottom holes (A'22)    Overflow plates (A'23)    Air supply source (A'50)
NOVELTY - An oxygen occlusion ability sensor detects the oxygen occlusion ability of carbon monoxide (CO) shift catalyst, and estimates the concentration in the reformation heating gas. An oxygen supply unit supplies oxygen corresponded to the estimated CO concentration. A CO oxidation catalyst selectively oxidizes the CO in the reformation heating gas.    USE - For controlling fuel reformation in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits hydrogen consumption by supplying oxygen corresponded to CO concentration in the reformation heating gas, thereby increasing the energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformation control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph indicating the relationship of oxygen occlusion ability of CO shift catalyst and CO conversion ratio. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A liquid mixture acquisition unit (3) is provided to mix the mixture of waste water obtained by cleaning the exhaust gas of a fermentation dryer (1) and the compost, with waste water of organic solid substance, using the ultrasonic wave generated by an ultrasonic wave generator (3b). A centrifuge (4) is provided to separate the liquid organic fertilizer from the liquid.    USE - For manufacturing liquid organic fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing cost by mixing the mixture of waste water and compost, with waste water of organic solid substance using ultrasonic wave. Unnecessary water supply mixing of compost is prevented. Fertilizer effect is highly improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A waste water supply unit (5) is provided to circulate the waste water, and an acid supply unit (L6) is provided to supply the acid for pH adjustment in the circulating waste water.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for liquid organic fertilizer manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of liquid organic fertilizer manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fermentation dryer (1)    Liquid mixture acquisition unit (3)    Ultrasonic wave generator (3b)    Centrifuge (4)    Waste water supply unit (5)    Acid supply unit (L6)
NOVELTY - A fertilizer comprises ground oyster shell, ground blues stone, thermally expandable pearlite and/or vermiculite, and water-soluble binder, which are mixed and granulated.    USE - As a fertilizer containing oyster shell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel fertilizer containing the oyster shell is excellent in disintegration effect by water content, and can maintain the disintegration for prolonged time.
NOVELTY - Organic fertilizer is produced by adding material containing carbon contents, such as paper sludge ashes, into undesired odor substance which contains a lot of nitrogen content of livestock excrement and sludge, stirring and deodorizing.    USE - For producing organic fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient deodorization of the undesired odor substance, and produces organic fertilizer. Hence, the fertilizer efficiently prevents public hazard caused by the undesired odor during transport and in the deposition place. The method enable efficient processing, in a small process space, and produces high profitability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) handling of the organic fertilizer which involves introducing the organic fertilizer in a fermenter (1), transporting to a deposition field by a carrier vehicle, and ejecting organic fertilizer from the fermenter to the deposition field; and    (2) organic fertilizer production apparatus which comprises a fermenter.    The fermenter stirs the introduced substance containing carbon contents, such as anaerobic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and enzyme, and paper sludge ashes, added to the undesired odor substance, and carry out heat retention maturation at 30-40degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional side-view of the organic fertilizer production apparatus.    Fermenter (1)
NOVELTY - The fertilization block (1) has water flow property with an interval accommodation space (21) where the fertilizer (3) containing mineral elution component is placed.    USE - As a fertilizer for use in the soil of trees and plants especially fruit trees.    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient nutrition is given to plants. The fertilization work is performed simply and inexpensively. The plant growth is accelerated effectively by providing the fertilization block.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fertilization method using the fertilization block.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of fertilization method using the fertilization block.    Fertilization block (1)    Fertilizer ball (3)    Accommodation space (21)
NOVELTY - Treatment procedure for contaminated meal of animal origin by creating biological fermentation to produce a combustible gas and incinerating liquid effluent, is new.    USE - Destruction of meal especially of animal origin contaminated by mutant proteins.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel for incineration is produced from the meal itself, reducing the risk of contamination and saving on transport costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The treatment procedure comprises:    (a) a bacteriological fermentation is promoted to generate a combustible gas;    (b) the gas is recuperated;    (c) the liquid resulting from the fermentation is clarified and separated into sludge and aqueous phases;    (d) the contaminants are extracted from the aqueous phase in the form of a concentrated brine;    (e) the brine and sludge are incinerated at a temperature that is high enough to destroy the contaminants, i.e. at least 400 degrees C and preferably 500 degrees C using the combustible gas (methane) resulting from the fermentation as fuel.    The procedure can include an initial stage in which the meal is hydrolysed by enzyme action prior to fermentation, and the concentrated brine is obtained by evaporation followed by filtration by inverse osmosis.
NOVELTY - An output non-thermal plasma reactor (18) connected to an output of a resonance chamber (16), dissociates at least a portion of contaminants in effluent gas. A cooling unit (20) cools effluent gas to a non-excited state so as to reduce re-association of radical oxides in effluent gas.    USE - Pollution control device for reducing contaminants in effluent gas released from factory, combustion engine, dump site, land fill, sewage treatment plant, lagoon, waste heap, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces contaminants in effluent gas and prevents formation of harmful pollutants including aerosol chains leading to green house gases and acid rain.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Non-thermal plasma reactor;    (2) Effluent gas contaminants reduction method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the pollution control device.    Resonance chamber (16)    Output non-thermal plasma reactor (18)    Cooling unit (20)
NOVELTY - Solid oxide fuel cell has a stack of parallel cells for air and fuel passages with inlet (3) for distributing air and fuel and an outlet (4) for removing exhaust. Air and fuel passages are separated by electrical insulation. The fuel cells with inlet and outlet is cased in a metal housing (2) which maintains the stack under tension.    USE - Used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the overall power density of the assembled fuel cell stack. Eliminates the formation of hot spots within fuel cell assembly. Increases the active surface area and even distribution of process gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the assembled fuel cell stack.    Metal housing (2)    Inlet (3)    Outlet (4)
NOVELTY - The system comprises an electrolysis chamber (A) , a detachable sparking plug (B) at the base, a water level detector (N) at the top of the vessel, a system for progressive distribution of sodium hydroxide and water, a gas mixer (M) of the hydrogen/oxygen produced coupled with a pump (Pg), which directs the mixture to the engine and a system for recovery and recycling of the exhaust vapors.    USE - The invention describes a system using water as the primary source for a hydrogen fuel for use in internal combustion engines or turbines. The H2/O2 gas mixture resulting (fuel and combustion supporter respectively) provides a detonating power.    ADVANTAGE - The use of this fuel reduces pollution and interaction with the environment, with hardly any emission of gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the system for the simultaneous production of hydrogen/oxygen gas.    Water reservoir (1)    Water pump (2)    NaOH distributor (3)    Water level detector (4)    Electrolysis chamber (5)    Spark plug (6)    Filter (7)    Mixer (8)    Gas pump (9)    Radiator (11)    Anti-return valves (12)    Temperature sensors (13)    Pressure sensors. (14)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell (1) in which two reactant gases are supplied to generate electricity, a raw fuel evaporator (2), a reformer (3a) to reform the evaporated and volatilized raw fuel vapor using a reforming catalyst to produce the first reactant gas, and an air-introducing device.    USE - The fuel cell system is used as power source for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system can be operated under appropriate conditions by keeping the temperature of the reforming catalyst at a prescribed level, even if the temperature of raw fuel gas is changed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell in which first and second reactant gases are supplied to generate electricity, a raw fuel evaporator which combusts exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell and makes use of the exhaust gas to evaporate and volatilize a raw material for the first reactant gas, a reformer to reform the evaporated and volatilized raw fuel vapor using a reforming catalyst to produce the first reactant gas, and an air-introducing device which introduces air used to be reformed into the evaporator or the reformed in a manner that the flow rate of the air is controlled depending upon the output from the fuel cell and upon the temperature of the raw fuel vapor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Evaporator (2)    Reformer (3a)    CO remover (3b)
NOVELTY - A microbe of Bacillus thuringiensis genus, Bacillus thuringiensis X-1, having a property of decomposing starch contained in organic waste liquor and/or biological sludge, is new.    USE - The microbe is used for decomposing starch contained in organic waste liquor and/or biological sludge.
NOVELTY - A new microbe of Bacillus subtilis genus, Bacillus subtilis X-2, having a property of decomposing proteins contained in organic waste liquor and/or biological sludge.    USE - The microbe is used for decomposing proteins contained in organic waste liquor and/or biological sludge.
NOVELTY - The processing apparatus stirs the processed material in a drum (3a), during closed condition of apparatus, and ejects the processed material by moving the side walls (3c) toward and away from the drum during open condition of apparatus.    USE - This apparatus is used for processing organic waste such as livestock waste, sewage treatment sludge and other organic refuses.    ADVANTAGE - The processed material can be ejected from the drum, without stopping the drum rotation and thus being more efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of organic waste processing apparatus.    Drum (3a)    Side walls (3c)
NOVELTY - A deodorizer for organic refuse (3) comprises a compost-like substance (2) obtained by mechanically crushing physically damaged tree timbers and activating the crushed timbers with microbes, such as Bacillus subtilis.    USE - The deodorizer is used for deodorizing organic refuse, livestock dung, urine and the such like.    ADVANTAGE - The deodorizer effectively and continuously deodorizes organic refuse. The deodorization of various areas, such as stock rising farmhouses, refuse processing fields, utilizing the deodorizer is simple and economical. The deodorizer can be effectively manufactured in large quantities. Also, the deodorizer obtained utilizing multi-functional and safe microbes, prevents release of nitrogen compound in aerobic conditions and effectively deodorizes bad odor of organic refuse for prolonged period. It is eco-friendly in nature, hence prevents environmental pollution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of a sink containing organic refuse and deodorizer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Compost-like deodorizing material (2)    Organic refuse (3)
NOVELTY - A separation section (20) separates hydrogen from a mixed gas generated from a raw material. A controller absorbs water content in the gas and passes it to a fuel cell (28).    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of the system is attained. Heating gas for fuel cell is generated reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)    Separation section (20)    Fuel cell (28)
NOVELTY - An organic waste processing device has a stirring device (6) in a chamber (5) with a microbial bed which contains thermophilus microorganisms. A preheater (7) warms the microbial bed (5) to 60-90 degreesC which is lower than most suitable active temperature of microorganisms. Water produced in (5) is ejected by an emission device. An intake unit (9) introduces air to form an aerobic environment in (5).    USE - For treating organic refuse produced at home, restaurants, food supply centers.    ADVANTAGE - Speed and efficiency of decomposition treatment of organic refuse are increased, by optimizing the activity environment using a thermophilus micro-organism.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of the organic refuse processing device.    Chamber (5)    Garbage stirring device (6)    Preheater (7)    Intake unit (9)
NOVELTY - Container fermentation apparatus (I) comprising an aeration unit which exhausts internal air and water vapor of rotating tumbler fermenter for fermenting organic material, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for producing compost from organic materials such as organic refuse, sludge, livestock dung and foodstuff waste material (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (I) comprises an aeration unit producing high quality compost quickly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fermentation apparatus.    Tumbler-type fermenter (52)
NOVELTY - Fermentation apparatus comprising a closed-type fermenter in which a predetermined amount of raw material is inserted and processed by rotating the fermenter, is new.    USE - The apparatus is useful for producing compost from fermentation of various kinds of organic materials such as organic refuse, sludge, livestock dung and food stuffs waste material (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Different materials are individually processed with the closed-type fermenter ensuring high quality compost within a short period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of fermentation apparatus used in fermentation processing system.    Raw material (10)    Fermentation apparatus (50)    Closed-type fermenter (52)
NOVELTY - Fermentation drying machine (I) for processing sewage comprising blades arranged mutually in a double-helix structure along rotational axis of shaft inside container with projection area ratio along rotational axis set to predetermined value, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for processing sludge in sewage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of the fermentation drying machine is attained. Fermentation and drying of the sewage are performed reliably. Complete mixing of processed objects is performed quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a fermentation drying system; and    (2) fermentation drying.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fermentation drying machine.    Container (51)    Shaft (52)    Blades (53,54)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system is equipped with a fuel reformer and a humidifier. The humidifier removes the powder mixed in reformed gas, by contacting it with a liquid.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst or absorbent mixed in the reformed gas, is removed easily. The inflow of the battery fuel supply valve and burner fuel supply valve, are prevented. Damage of valves is prevented. Dewing formation of water vapor in the pipe interior, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the operating method of the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Humidifier (6)
NOVELTY - A collector (1) has side walls (2) between which a lateral electrode (3) is press-fitted so that hydrogen accommodation space between the collector and the lateral electrode is sealed.    USE - For portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Higher sealing effect is obtained, without applying sealing compound, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the electricity generation cell.    Collector (1)    Side walls (2)    Lateral electrode (3)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell contains a cylindrical porous base material pipe (11), and a fuel injection tube (12) provided in the base material pipe. Several return group cell components (14) are arranged serially to the peripheral surface of the base material pipe.    USE - For solid electrolyte fuel cell module (claimed), used for battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell having high reliability, is provided inexpensively. The need of collector rod for the fuel cell is eliminated. The solid electrolyte module inhibits heat release from the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid electrolyte fuel cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylindrical porous pipe (11)    Fuel injection tube (12)    Cell component (14)
NOVELTY - Organic waste water processing comprises adding a magnesium source to surplus sludge after anaerobic digestion. Magnesium source and pH regulator are added to remove ammonium magnesium phosphate from the sludge. The ammonium magnesium phosphate formed is then recovered.    USE - Used for processing organic waste in sewage works, human waste processing applications and waste water treatment plant.    ADVANTAGE - As the ammonium magnesium phosphate is separated by two processes, ammonium magnesium phosphate crystal of good quality and high purity is recovered efficiently. The amount of chemicals used for recovering specific weight of ammonium magnesium phosphate is reduced and cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic waste water processing apparatus.
NOVELTY - Processing of a waste wood material involves inserting waste wood material into a blast furnace and treating waste wood material. Combustibility (combustion calorie and/or specific surface area), and pneumatic supply property of the waste wood material, are increased.    USE - For processing of a waste wood material, such as timber.    ADVANTAGE - Combustibility and pneumatic supply property of the waste wood material, are increased. Usage of waste wood material, is effectively performed, with reduction in fuel cost and enabling smooth operation of blast furnace.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the combustibility of the waste wood material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Gas content measuring and regulating system for compost or waste treatment platforms, is new.    USE - Monitoring content of oxygen, CO2 and other gases from composting or waste treatment platforms.    ADVANTAGE - Convenient operation and reduced maintenance cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system consists of a separate cabinet (4) containing one or more sensors (5) for measuring gases, esp oxygen or CO2, a gas suction pump (6). solenoid valves (8) operated by a programmed control unit (9), and tubes (11) connecting the valves to gas sampling probes (10) with strainers (15) on their tips, implanted in waste or compost heaps (14). Each of the probes corresponds to a single tube, and the valves connected to the suction pump allow air and gases from the probes to be drawn in successively and passed to the sensors. The oxygen sensor contains a zirconium oxide detector for a fast response time (under 6 seconds) which does not need recalibrating more than once in six months during normal operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagrammatic view of the gas measuring apparatus.    Cabinet (4)    Sensors (5)    Pump (6)    Solenoid valves (8)    Programme control unit (9)    Probes (10)    Tubes (11)    Compost or waste heaps (14)    Strainers (15)
NOVELTY - The composition for treatment of human remains is uesd in cemeteries to potentiate the bio-degradation of lixivia originating from the decomposition of human remains. It is constituted by a homogeneous mixture of micro-organisms (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Escherichia, Aspergillus and Aureobasidium), enzymes (Amylase, Protease, Cellulase) marine seaweed (Lithothamnion) and clay in the following proportions: micro-organisms between 3 and 5 per cent, enzymes between 1 and 2 per cent marine seaweed between 46 and 55 per cent and clay between 38 and 50 per cent.    USE - For treatment of human remains.    ADVANTAGE - The composition potentiates the bio-degradation of human remains in cemeteries.
NOVELTY - The process and installation for treatment of purin in cattle-raising establishments involves purin being deposited in a pond or pit (1) which is impermeable and tight, being sealed by a cover (2) and in which anaerobic fermentation is produced, which generates gases with a high content of hydrogen sulphide. The gases are extracted by an impulsion pump (7), which delivers them to a scrubber (8), in which they are washed to eliminate the hydrogen sulphide, using reactants coming from a preparatory unit (9), in which water is mixed with potassium permanganate.    USE - For the treatment of purin emanating from uric acid in cattle-raising establishments.    ADVANTAGE - The process successfully eliminates the untoward odor of the emanating bio-gas caused by hydrogen sulphide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - After access to the scrubber via small mouthpieces (11), the hydrogen sulphide is transformed into sulphate and sulphur, eliminating the odors of the bio-gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure sets out a working diagram of the installation.    pond or pit (1)    impulsion pump (7)    scrubber (8)    preparatory unit (9)    small mouthpieces (11)
NOVELTY - A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) (78) has gas distribution layers (80,82) each of which defines a convoluted surface juxtaposed to the respective catalytic layer. Each gas distribution layer is divided into parallel segments extending from one edge to the other, so as to define porous reactant paths across the catalytic layer.    USE - For electrical vehicular power plant to replace internal combustion engines.    ADVANTAGE - The ratio of membrane area to effective planar area of the fuel cell is increased and hence the electrical output of the fuel cell is increased by using convoluted configuration for the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The contact interface between the MEA and gas is distribution maximized and thus the electrical output of the fuel cell is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for proton exchange fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the fuel cell of the electrical vehicular power plant.    Membrane electrode assembly (78)    Gas distribution layers (80,82)
NOVELTY - The system has one or more selective oxidation stages (3) for reducing the CO component in the gas flow. These stages are thermally coupled to a reformer (1) for hydrocarbon reforming or to a heat exchanger. One or more additional, thermally decoupled selective oxidation stages (2) are arranged before and/or after and/or between the oxidation stages for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide when starting the gas generation system.    USE - For providing a gas flow containing hydrogen for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the fuel cell system to be operational with the required CO concentration and an adequate hydrogen concentration with a minimal time delay following a cold start and an interruption in the operation off the gas generation system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of providing a gas flow containing hydrogen for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a gas generation system    selective oxidation stage (3)    reformer (1)    additional, thermally decoupled selective oxidation stage (2)    fuel cell system (4)    air feed line (9)
NOVELTY - Device for desulfurizing biogas using microorganisms comprises a settling surface for microorganisms arranged between a gas inlet (11) and a gas outlet (12); and a wetting unit for wetting the settling surface with a liquid containing microorganisms over intervals of time. The biogas flows over the settling surface and the hydrogen sulfide obtained is degraded by the microorganisms.    USE - Used in biogas reactors.    ADVANTAGE - The device is easy to operate, can be automated and is reliable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The wetting unit has a line arranged above the settling surface with outlets for the liquid containing microorganisms.    The wetting unit preferably has an annular line (24) with spraying nozzles (25) which are directed onto the settling surface.    The settling surface completely fills the space between the gas inlet and gas outlet.    The settling surface is formed by a number of settling elements (19) with main axles (21) directed parallel to each other.    The elements are made from a polymeric plastic resistant to sulfur and have bristles (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the desulfurizing device.    Gas inlet (11)    Gas outlet (12)    Settling elements (19)    Bristles (20)    Main axles (21)    Annular line (24)    Spraying nozzles (25)
NOVELTY - Very pure hydrogen is produced by forming hydrogen-rich gases in a cracking unit from conventional liquid fuels such as gasoline or methanol; and decomposing into very pure hydrogen and off-gas using pressure swing adsorption so that the hydrogen is available as fuel for operating the fuel cell without impurity gas components. The off-gas is utilized for heating the endothermic cracking.    USE - Used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen can be effectively used in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The cracking unit is connected to a converter in which water vapor produced in the fuel cell is used to convert the carbon monoxide. The water vapor used in the fuel cell is used in the cracking unit to crack gasoline or to convert the carbon monoxide produced. Biogenic gas can be used for stationary units. Wood producer gas can be worked up for operating a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide content is reduced in a hydrogen-rich gas mixture stream by using at least two catalyst supporting bodies arranged behind each other in the flow direction of the mixture stream. The supporting bodies have a honeycomb structure with channels. A shift reaction takes place in the supporting bodies and the mixture stream flows through a heat exchanger between the supporting bodies.    USE - Used in vehicle fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reaction conditions can be quickly adapted to changing operating conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a multi-stage shift reactor (1) for reducing the carbon monoxide content in a hydrogen-rich gas mixture stream; and    (2) a reforming unit for reforming a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture stream for a fuel cell comprising a device for the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture stream, an exhaust gas purification device and the shift reactor.    Preferred Features: Each catalyst supporting body has a cross-sectional surface with a channel density which increases in the flow direction and has a surface-specific heat capacity which decreases in the flow direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the shift reactor.    Flow direction (2)    Heat exchanger (4)    Channels (6)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for purifying a combustion gas containing methane and excess oxygen, comprises iridium supported on zirconium oxide and removes hydrocarbon such as methane by being brought into contact with the gas.    USE - The catalyst is used for removing hydrocarbon such as methane from a combustion gas containing methane and excess oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is stable and has a high conversion coefficient for removing methane from combustion gas.
NOVELTY - A first hydrocarbon is separated from a close-boiling second hydrocarbon by extractive distillation of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid of the first hydrocarbon and the close-boiling second hydrocarbon using a solvent of 3-alkyl-substituted-2-oxazolidinone.    USE - For separating hydrocarbons by extractive distillation.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive process effectively separates the first hydrocarbon from the close-boiling second hydrocarbon. The solvent causes great differences between the relative volatilities of the components in the hydrocarbon-containing fluid thus allowing separation of the components in the fluid with fewer distillation stages, lower amount of reflux and higher product purity.
NOVELTY - An animal waste is composted by collecting portion of animal waste, providing portion of fibrous material, mixing the portion of animal waste and portion of fibrous material without diluting the animal waste or separating the animal waste into different components to form a mash, and allowing the mash to decompose into an end product.    USE - For composting an animal waste (e.g. chicken waste, mixture of manure and urine, or portion of animal carcass) to form a product useful in gardening or farming.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides waste management system that allows animal waste to be composted on a continuous basis under or near the facility which is produces the waste. It eliminates the need for lagoons in these operations, and protects the environment by recycling waste and returning to the environment natural and necessary nutrients needed in agriculture and gardening.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for composting animal waste comprising a blending conveyor (170, 178) for composting animal waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a simplified cut-away view of a building used in composting animal waste.    Blending conveyor (170, 178)
NOVELTY - Bioremediating or degrading wood containing ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ) comprising inoculating the wood with an ACQ-tolerant fungus, a lignocellulosic substrate and a nutrient supplement, and aerating and hydrating the wood to allow the fungal inoculum to remediate the ACQ or degrade the wood, is new.    USE - The method is used to reduce the volume and/or ACQ concentration in waste wood which provides a resource for reuse in paper or wood composites, or has a reduced volume so that storage or further processing is minimized.    ADVANTAGE - The ACQ tolerant fungi do not require genetic alteration to specifically grow in the presence of ACQ. So the introduction of the fungi into the environment provides no new non-naturally occurring organisms. The preparation and use of the inoculum is fairly simple and uses agricultural waste products. These products are a quick and low cost food source for the fungus while having the effect of stimulating rapid and extensive fungal growth. The inoculum is particularly well suited for waste woods. The solid matrix of the fungal inoculum provides a wood environment for fungal growth which is similar to that of waste wood. Therefore is it readily adapted to the waste wood environment upon inoculation and does not require a period of adjustment before degradation and bioremediation begins.
NOVELTY - A dielectric manifold arranged between an end plate (54) and a fuel cell stack (52), communicates fluid between pipes (70) and fluid passageways. The manifold partially extends through openings in the end plate to form a sealed connection between the manifold and the pipes.    USE - Fuel cell stack assembly.    ADVANTAGE - Since the pipes and the end plate are manufactured separately, the overall cost and assembly time associated with manufacturing the stack assembly are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel cell stack assembly.    Fuel cell stack (52)    End plate (54)    Pipe (70)
NOVELTY - Lands polluted with petroleum and petroleum derivatives are subjected to remediation using composition of biological preparations consisting of several microorganisms including those destroying crude oil and petroleum derivatives (mazut, tar oil). Use of biological preparations is supplemented by sowing of mixed grasses with plant-growth regulators.    USE - Biotechnology and environmental safety.    ADVANTAGE - Increased remediation efficiency. 5 cl, 5 tbl, 2 ex
NOVELTY - An automatic controlling method of apparatus for manufacturing fermentative manure of organic wastes is provided, which is characterized in that the back and forth movement and vertical vibration of a mixing frame are repeated to make hardened wastes pass through when a motor is overloaded due to waste stuck in machine.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The controlling method comprises the steps of:    (i) putting on a circuit breaker and then choosing a hand/auto rotary switch;    (ii) lighting a power lamp and running a hydraulic pump;    (iii) descending a mixing frame, moving it forward, and checking the overload of motor;    (iv) repeating back and forth movement and vertical vibration of the mixing frame to divide into pieces, resulting in passing hardened materials when overload occurs;    (v) carrying the materials after moving of the frame, and checking to reach the fixed number;    (vi) re-performing the (iii) step if not being reached the fixed number; and returning the mixing frame to the start position if being reached to the fixed number.
NOVELTY - An organic fertilizer containing N-fixing microbes prepared by mixing N-fixing microbe with polymer gel is provided to improve the soil and help the growth of plants.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic fertilizer containing N-fixing microbes comprises 1-15wt.% of polymer gel solution, maple syrup, 0.1-20wt.% of N-fixing microbes such as azotobactervinelandii JC-01 KCTC0795BP and clostridium pasteurianum JC- 02KCTC0795BP, and 50-98wt.% of microbe nutrients comprising 5-30wt.% of grain syrup, 1-30wt.% of milk and 40-80wt.% of dechlorinated water. The preparation method includes adding microbe nutrients to a water-soluble polymer gel solution with a low molecular weight, culturing N-fixing microbes for 7days in an anaerobic condition after culturing inoculated microbes at 25-42deg.C for 7days and mixing the polymer gel solution with N-fixing microbes. The resultant organic fertilizer diluted to water is spread on plants in fertilization.
NOVELTY - A process and an apparatus for fermenting animal waste are provided, which is characterized by fermenting animal waste, being separated into feces and urine, with a two-stage fermenting means, resulting in fermentative manure used for organic agriculture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process for making manure is as follows: separating feces and urine from animal waste; mixing with saw dust and materials treating feces, and pouring into a fermentor of a first fermentation process; supplying firstly fermented feces to a second curing fermentor with separated urine spreading; supplying the waste heat formed in the first fermentation process to the second curing fermentor and fermenting and curing feces; packing. The each fermentor has an outlet to exhaust a gas generated in fermentation.
NOVELTY - Specifying (I) complex microbes as an index to evaluate a water treatment process comprising: (1) extracting microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which cannot be adapted; (2) amplifying partial regions of the microbial genes; (3) separating the aggregate of the resultant DNA fragments; and (4) using the DNA to compare the growing conditions of the microbes and conditions of the water treatment process, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for specifying microbes for an index to evaluate the condition of a water treatment process (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for evaluating and controlling the water treating process using a complex microbe comprising:    (a) a DNA complementary to the DNA sequence of a microbe specified in (I) is designed and synthesized;    (b) labelling the DNA probe with a fluorescent dye;    (c) hybridizing with the microbe; and    (d) visualizing the microbe.
NOVELTY - A burner (4F) arranged in lower portion combustion unit (4), burns the exhaust fuel gas and forms flame. The catalyzed combustion unit (4C) burns the exhaust fuel gas which is not burnt by the burner.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Starting time is shortened. Heating gas formation cost is reduced. Response with respect to electric load fluctuation is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of hydrogenated gas formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion unit (4)    Burner (4F)    Catalyzed combustion unit (4C)
NOVELTY - The water vapor is supplied continuously even after stoppage of hydrocarbon group fuel supply into a fuel modifier (3) for substituting the vapor for gas in modifier. After stoppage of water vapor supply, condensation of vapor inside modifier is prevented by heating the modifier with heater (H).    USE - For storing modified fuel in hydrogen containing gas formation apparatus used for fuel cell electricity generation installation.    ADVANTAGE - The storage method of modified fuel enables to simplify maintenance work and running cost of the apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel is made to burn in modifier to obtain a processed gas. The processed gas from modifier is supplied to a preprocessing chamber (T) in which water vapor is substituted for gas. The chamber is heated by electric heaters (51a-51c) to prevent condensation of water vapor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of fuel cell electricity generation installation with hydrogen containing gas formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (3)    Electric heaters (51a-51c)    Heater (H)    Preprocessing chamber (T)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a container (H) comprising separation wall through which heat is exchanged. The separation wall includes a modified layer (2) which forms hydrogen by introducing modification raw material gas, and a combustion layer (1) which generates heat by introducing combustion gas. Bellows (5) for absorbing elongation by thermal expansion of separation wall and to relieve thermal stress, are provided.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier has excellent modification efficiency. The elongation by thermal expansion of compressed tube is absorbed and stress is relieved, therefore the durability of modifier is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of modifier.    Combustion layer (1)    Modified layer (2)    Compressed tube (3)    Bellows (5)    Combustion gas inlet (11)    Container (H)    End faces (H3,H4)
NOVELTY - The method involves hydrolyzing alkaline earth metal hydride in the presence of a solution comprising an acid and water.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient amount of hydrogen is generated even at normal temperature.
NOVELTY - A CPU (20) in the gas leakage alarm unit (30), has a memory that stores the output value of a gas sensor (11) periodically. An idle running operation which includes a test operation of the alarm unit, is performed during power-on to the alarm unit. A test signal is generated to examine gas leakage detection condition and a warning is output if the examined value exceeds a predetermined range.    USE - For testing gas leakage alarm unit that generates alarm on detecting leakage of combustible gas such as CO and CH4.    ADVANTAGE - The examination of gas leakage alarm unit is performed easily and automatically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A test signal is generated after elapse of fixed time after start of an idle running operation, to test whether the alarm unit performs gas detection normally, by detecting whether the output of the alarm unit exceeds a preset value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the gas leakage alarm unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas sensor (11)    CPU (20)    Gas leakage alarm unit (30)
NOVELTY - The samples of known moisture content are distributed into a coil (4) from a container (42). The correlation of the moisture content of sample and extracted physical quantity output from coil are recorded. An unknown sample is distributed into coil for determining moisture content, by comparing the correlation values of known and unknown samples and mixing of metal piece in the unknown sample is detected when the extracted physical quantity range is above correlation value.    USE - For measuring moisture content and metal piece of refuse in organic refuse processing apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The moisture content of the unknown sample is measured within short time, thereby reducing manufacturing cost of the device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Moisture content measuring device;    (2) Organic refuse processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the organic refuse processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Coil (4)    Container (42)
NOVELTY - Intermediate fermented material (IFM) for fertilizer comprising fermented, dried mixture of organic waste and rice bran of starch seeds containing aleuron layer cell and endosperm sub layer, is new.    USE - The IFM is useful in fertilizer and soil conditioner for soil improvement (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Fermentation of organic waste is promoted by using rice bran, without the need for fermentation agents such as microorganisms. The organic waste is fermented quickly. Corrosion of soil can be prevented by using fermented organic waste as fertilizer, soil conditioner and mulch material. The dried (moisture content reduced) IFM controls the propagation of microbes such as fungi. IFM can be easily produced in large quantities from the abundantly available organic waste. The dried material weighs less and is economically easy to store and transport.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) IFM manufacture;    (2) organic fertilizer obtained from IFM;    (3) soil conditioner containing IFM; and    (4) soil improvement.
NOVELTY - Organic fertilizer (I) obtained by mixing rice bran, marine waste material, dapple lees of soy bean, inoculating spawn of Actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis and soil microbes before stirring and fermenting, is new.    USE - (I) is useful as an organic fertilizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The organic fertilizer is manufactured easily in a short time of about 6 hours and the temperature of the fermentation is controlled to increase the propagation of microbes.
NOVELTY - Grinding equipment (3) moving between yards (2a-2h) and processes raw material (12) for fermentation, is new.    USE - The grinding equipment is useful for manufacturing compost (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - High quality compost can be produced efficiently with simplified installation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing compost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the compost manufacturing equipment.    Yards (2a-2h)    Grinding machine (3)
NOVELTY - An organic fertilizer (11) which is manufactured by subjecting plant waste material (raw material) (6) to primary fermentation in a primary fermenter (1), followed by primary grinding in a primary grinder (3) and secondary fermentation in a secondary fermenter (4), is new.    USE - As a fertilizer using plant organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - The method which is simple and economical, does not produce waste water or bad odors, during processing. The organic fertilizer obtained by the method has excellent quality. The organic substances in the plant waste material is effectively and easily decomposed by aerobic fermentation. The aerobic fermentation effectively prevents usage of deodorant installation or special microbial cells for deodorization. Hence, the method reduces initial and running cost, saves space, labor and driving cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic fertilizer manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the scoop-type stirring apparatus used for primary fermentation process.    Fermenter (1)    Primary grinding machine (3)    Secondary fermenter (4)    Secondary grinding machine (5)    Plants waste material (6)    Organic fertilizer ((11)
NOVELTY - Filter medium (1) comprises net-like storage material (3) filled with porous base material (PBM) (2) fixed with microorganism on wall of pores. Voids for passing water externally are provided to storage material, such that removal of PBM (2) through void is prevented. The PBM has specific target microorganism filled at fixed depth in storage material.    USE - For water treating unit used for treating organic waste water such as sewage, domestic and industrial waste water.    ADVANTAGE - The occlusion of porous base material by microorganism is reduced and reduction of surface area of porous base material is controlled. The filter medium functions efficiently over a long period. The abrasion of porous material is reduced hence the frequency of replacement of medium is reduced and cost reduction is achieved. Organic pollutant can be treated completely with high efficiency and the quality of treated water can be improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Water treating unit; and    (2) Water treatment method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of filter medium.    Filter medium (1)    Porous base material (2)    Storage material (3)
NOVELTY - The foodstuff waste is circulated between a carbonization system and special processing system for processing according to its composition. The heat energy obtained from output of system is used as heat source for the system.    USE - For recycling of foodstuff waste, collected from e.g. food processing factory, houses, food stores.    ADVANTAGE - Improves operativity, as partially processed waste is used as heat energy for successive processing.
NOVELTY - Catalyst layers (34,36) are divided and provided along the flow direction of the reformed gas. A heat transfer plate (38) heats the gas flowing at the downstream side of the catalyst layers by the heat of the starting material gas flowing at the upstream side of the catalyst layers.    USE - Reformer for fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits the degradation of the entrance side catalyst at high temperature and prevents the reduction of reaction efficiency due to the reduction of the temperature of the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of reformation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst layers (34,36)    Heat transfer plate (38)
NOVELTY - A carbon-type fuel is supplied by a fuel supply pipe (27) to a reaction container (15) provided with catalyst layers (17A,17B). An oxidizing agent supply pipe (31) distributes air and water vapor. An intermediate oxidizing agent supply pipe (33) distributes air which is oxidizing agent to the catalyst layers equally.    USE - Modifier for carbon-type fuel cell such as solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents degradation in reaction efficiency due to high temperature of catalyst at entrance side and due to reduction in temperature of catalyst at outlet side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction container (15)    Catalyst layers (17A,17B)    Fuel supply pipe (27)    Oxidizing agent supply pipes (31,33)
NOVELTY - A water vapor formation unit (2) has a heater (H) that heats water to form water vapor. A reformation unit (R) reforms the original fuel of hydrocarbon type using the water vapor, with the heat of combustion of exhaust fuel. A post-processor (T) heats the reformed gas and supplies it to an electricity generation unit (G).    USE - For formation of hydrogen gas for use in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses reduction of electricity generation efficiency and improves responsiveness with respect to fluctuations of electric load.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic diagram of hydrogen gas formation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water vapor formation unit (2)    Electricity generation (G)    Heater (H)    Reformation unit (R)    Post-processor (T)
NOVELTY - Exhaust gas from a fuel cell electricity generating unit (G) is cooled, by preheating oxygen containing gas which is used for driving the electricity generating unit.    USE - Fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy cost by preheating drive fluid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell electricity generating unit (G)
NOVELTY - A gas detection chip (T) comprises a silicon oxide film (2) on surface of a silicon substrate (1). A gas detection film (4) and a selective combustion film (5) are formed orderly on surface of the silicon oxide film. The selective combustion film contains silica and alumina.    USE - Used for detecting inflammable components such as methane leaked into atmosphere, and propane gas.    ADVANTAGE - The selective combustion film having smooth mirror surface is firmly adhered to the substrate. Thereby the peeling of the selective combustion film is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of gas detection chip which involves adhering paste containing mixture of alumina powder, resin, inorganic binder and organic solvent on surface of silicon oxide film followed by sintering to form the selective combustion film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show top view and sectional drawings of the gas detection chip.    Silicon substrate (1)    Silicon oxide film (2)    Gas detection film (4)    Combustion film (5)    Gas detection chip (T)
NOVELTY - Production of a fuel gas comprises thermally cracking ammonia as primary energy carrier; and converting into molecular hydrogen and molecular nitrogen as fuel gas mixture by catalytic splitting.    USE - Used for an I.C. engine or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A high conversion is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a device for producing the fuel gas comprising a tank for liquid ammonia and a vaporizer connected to a thermal cracker; and a device for producing electrical, thermal or kinetic energy connected to the device for producing the fuel gas. Preferred Features: The ammonia is vaporized before the cracking process. The cracking process is carried out using a platinum and/or ruthenium catalyst material at 500-1500, preferably 800-1200degrees C.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen-rich fuel gas is produced by reforming a hydrocarbon-containing fuel to carbon monoxide (CO) containing, hydrogen (H) rich reformate. CO present in reformate is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and H2 by catalyzed water-shift reaction. Residual CO present in reformate is adsorbed on a copper halide adsorbent, and CO-free reformate is passed as H2-rich fuel gas to fuel cell.    USE - For producing hydrogen rich fuel gas used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen-rich fuel gas is produced inexpensively, and efficiently, by a simple method. The process produces carbon monoxide-free hydrogen, but the hydrogen-rich gas could contain other synthesis gas impurities. The adsorption process operates at high feed temperature, operates at low feed pressure and produces hydrogen stream with essentially no carbon monoxide.
NOVELTY - A biomass gasifier includes a reactor having an open top which allows air to be drawn in from the top. A self-sustained high temperature zone is maintained with the air supply from the top of the reactor, which supports de-volatilization of the biomass and partial gasification of the char and air from the air nozzles.    USE - For converting solid biomass to gaseous fuel through thermo-chemical conversions.    ADVANTAGE - The gasifier generated fuel gas which is relatively free from undesirable ingredients such as tar and particulates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A biomass gasifier for converting solid biomass to gaseous fuel through thermo-chemical conversions comprises a reactor having an open top which allows air to be drawn in from the top. A mechanism for feeding the solid biomass to the reactor from the top, is provided. Air nozzles are located around one-third height of the reactor from the bottom for passing additional air. The biomass is held in the reactor by a grate and lit. A self-sustained high temperature zone is maintained with the help of air supply from the top of the reactor, which supports de-volatilization of the biomass and partial gasification of the char and air from the air nozzles. The hot gas produced exits from the reactor, cooled, filtered, and is used for power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the biomass gasifier.
NOVELTY - A start-up combustor (11) arranged upstream of catalyst reactors (13,15), generates high temperature gas (41) by burning supplied fuel and air. A controller (90) supplies high temperature reducing gas from the combustor to the reactors, for reducing the catalyst.    USE - Fuel cell drive system for supplying reformed gas containing hydrogen to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Larger ratio of outlet to inlet temperature brings about deterioration of the catalyst by a simple construction, to make the drive system work efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell drive system.    Start-up combustor (11)    Catalyst reactors (13,15)    High temperature gas (41)    Controller (90)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a reaction vessel with a catalyser carried in it that delivers an endothermic reaction. The reaction vessel is constructed and arranged so that endothermic reactants can be supplied to the vessel. Furthermore it comprises at least a first and second heat exchanger device which are carried inside the vessel at a distance from one another. The first and second heat exchanger devices are constructed and arranged so that they can be controlled independently of each other around the heat that is transmitted from the heat exchanger devices to the catalyser. The temperature of the catalyser at different places inside the reaction vessel is variable corresponding to the locations of the first and second heat exchanger devices.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The system can react to changes of the heat loading of the reforming process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a view of the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Reformer comprises a reforming channel (2) and an oxidizing channel (3) connected to a fuel feed (8) having fuel inlets (9) distributed over the length of the oxidation channel.    USE - Used for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer can be easily controlled and has improved dynamic behavior.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for carrying out a reforming process using the above reformer. Preferred Features: Three fuel inlets are provided and are spaced the same distance apart. The inlets are formed as openings or injectors. A fuel supply device (14) with several outlets (15) is provided, the outlets being individually controlled. The oxidation channel and the reforming channel are arranged parallel to each other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reformer.    reforming channel (2)    oxidizing channel (3)    fuel inlets (9)    fuel supply device (14)    outlets (15)
NOVELTY - A process for waste disposal that produces a fermentable bio-suspension from ingredients by crushing, removal of disruptive substances, and suspension, is new. The ingredients are first dispersed within a flowing bio-suspension followed by removal of heavy disruptive substances by sedimentation. The dispersed biogenic substances are then wet ground and simultaneously released as a suspension.    USE - The process separates non biodegradable refuse from bio-degradable refuse prior to fermentation and disposal.    ADVANTAGE - The process has a low energy requirement and pre-excludes non bio-degradable substances from the subsequent fermentation process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a commensurate assembly in which biogenic ingredients are introduced by pumping as a bulk solid, fluid or semi-fluid medium dispersed in a flow-channel. For the period in which production is maintained using ingredients containing disruptive substances, the flow-channel maintains a dispersed flow of fermentable bio-suspension materials from which a substantial proportion of the disruptive substance has been removed. The assembly incorporates a prior art shredding/crushing mixer pump.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a flow chart of a process for waste disposal which involves removal of non-biodegradable substances by sedimentation prior to shredding and release of residue for fermentation. (Drawing includes non English-language text).
NOVELTY - Process for the electrolytic splitting of water comprises utilizing the water as the only energy source.    USE - Used for producing a hydrogen-oxygen gas mixture which can be subsequently combusted in an engine.    ADVANTAGE - Water is utilized as the only energy source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for electrolytic splitting water.    Preferred Features: The consumption of water utilized as the energy source is 10-30% of the amount of water in the tank.
NOVELTY - The fertilier specially for Chinese ephedra consists of manure, biological azotobacter, urea, ammonium bihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and adhesive. It has the advantages of raising the yield of and alkaloid content in Chinese ephedra.
NOVELTY - The present invention belongs to the field of environment protection and aims at solving the technological problems of enzymolyzing various garbage to produce organic fertilizer. The method is to use the natural composite plant enzyme contained in the root, stem and leaf of marigold to enzymolyze various protein in garbage, including bacteria, animal and plant material. The method is simple, practical and low in cost.
NOVELTY - A composting system with a base (1) for holding and treating compostable material (2); removable cover (7) conforming with the compostable mass and secured to the base; element for securing the cover to the base; aerator for flowing an oxygen-containing gas and including a diffuser for distributing the gas through the mass; and control unit for adjusting the composting conditions, is new.    USE - The system is useful for composting organic materials (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system achieves efficient aeration and microbial decomposition of the compostable mass; and has low cost. The aerator is designed to reduce the risk of damage by vehicles delivering the compostable materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an organic mass stabilization system comprising a holding zone and a gas flow element including a diffuser for distributing gas flow through the organic mass to reduce microbial activity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a composting system.    Base (1)    Compostable material (2)    Recess (3)    Grid (5)    Cover (7)
NOVELTY - Biomass gasification system comprises a combustor (108) for heating a fluidized particulate material, and a gasifier (102) disposed to receive a biomass feed stock and hot fluidized particulate material from combustor. The fluidized material heats biomass feed stock to produce a product gas. The gasifier is concentrically housed within combustor.    USE - For gasifying biomass feed stock such as wood, grasses, agriculture debris, manure, waste paper, peat, carbonaceous materials and coal such as young lignitic coal.    ADVANTAGE - The gasifier is small sized. Heat from exothermic zone of combustor is transferred to endothermic zone of the gasifier by circulation of an inert particulate solid such as sand, hence heat loss from gasifier is reduced and gasifier has increased efficiency. The low gas inlet velocity reduces erosion caused by circulation of inert particulate material, when compared to systems having high gas inlet velocities. The gasifier enables conversion of greater than 60% of available carbon present in carbonaceous material upon a single pass, and combustion of remaining carbon to generate heat for pyrolysis reaction. The gasifier has higher throughput and reduced capital cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for biomass gasification method which involves heating fluidized particulate material in a combustor, transferring hot fluidized particulate material to a gasifier and introducing feed stock into the gasifier. The fluidized particulate material gasifies portion(s) feed stock to product gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of gasifier.    Gasifier (102)    Combustor (118)
NOVELTY - The fuel processing system (10) has fuel processor (12) comprising reforming catalyst bed(s) for producing mixed gas stream from feed stream (16) containing carbon-containing feed stock (18), water (20) and odorant (26) and separation region for separating mixed gas stream into hydrogen rich stream (14) and byproduct stream.    USE - As fuel processing system for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Methanol and carbon-containing feed stocks are sufficiently free from compounds of sulfur, phosphorus, volatile heavy metals and heavy metals and hence the reforming catalyst is not poisoned. The odorant has strong and detectable odor, even when it is present in low concentration and hence leakage of feed stock is easily detected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel processing system has fuel processor for producing hydrogen stream containing hydrogen gas from feed stream containing carbon-containing feedstock, water and odorant. The fuel processor has reforming catalyst bed for producing a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas and other gases from feed stream and separation region for separating mixed gas stream into hydrogen-rich stream containing hydrogen gas and byproduct stream containing other gases. The product hydrogen stream is recovered from hydrogen-rich stream.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for feed stock for fuel processing system.
NOVELTY - Organic material that undergoes an aerobic composting process, is aerated by sealing the organic material in a vessel and delivering air into the vessel such that at an air pressure of 1-1000 kPa above atmospheric pressure which is maintained in the vessel. The aeration is caused to evenly penetrate the organic material.    USE - For aeration of organic material, particularly organic waste, animal manure, and biomass that is undergoing an aerobic composting process.    ADVANTAGE - Larger volumes of organic waste material can undergo aerobic composting in the apparatus because the unit for delivering air to the contents of the vessel causes the air to permeate all of the material in the vessel. Similarly, organic waste material having a very low degree of porosity or highly consolidated organic waste material can undergo aerobic. The method and apparatus can therefore be successfully performed without the need for mechanical agitation. The method also significantly reduces moisture and temperature loss during aeration of the organic waste material, therefore creating homogeneous conditions for the microbial population within the material without the requirement for additional mechanical agitation or turning and further addition of moisture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for aerating organic material undergoing an aerobic composting process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic diagram of apparatus for aerating organic material.    Vessel (1)    Conduits (2)    Apertures (3)    Manifold (4)    Air compressor (5)    Air pressure regulator (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell frame (52) is integrated with the flow field membrane support member (50) by the insertion of the support element (70) into a channel (72) formed between the frame (52) and the support member (50). The support element is then fused with both cell frame and support member to form a contiguous structure.    USE - To maintain contact between flow field and cell electrode over a long period.    ADVANTAGE - Cell frame is integrated with flow field support member    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Independent claims are included for a support member, a seal, and a method of integrating a frame with the support member.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross sectional view of insertion of membrane support    Support member (50)    Frame (52)    Support element (70)    Channel (72)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack comprises fuel cells (108) and top and bottom plates (104,106). Fuel (120) and oxidant (130) supplies are adjusted to ensure that oxidant is delivered at a higher pressure than fuel. When no leak is present the cells in the stack will generate a constant voltage. A reactant transfer leak will introduce oxidant and result in a mixed potential at the anode resulting in a measurable drop in cell voltage.    USE - To provide rapid indication of a leak and identification of leaking cell.    ADVANTAGE - Simple and reliable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for detecting transfer leaks in a fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Diagram of fuel cell    Plates (104,106)    Cells (108)    Fuel (120)    Oxidant (130)
NOVELTY - The regenerative system includes an electrolysis module (10) with a water storage tank (28) positioned between the module and the oxygen vent (26). A hydrogen storage device (14) is coupled to the fuel cell module (12) via a dryer (38). The fuel cell is also connected to the electrical power load (40) through a bridge power device (78).    USE - To electrolyze water and produce electricity    ADVANTAGE - Has a quick start up time when used as a UPS.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An independent claim is included for a method of operating the electrochemical cell system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Schematic diagram of regenerative electrochemical cell system    Electrolysis module (10)    Fuel cell (12)    Hydrogen storage (14)    Oxygen vent (26)    Water storage (28)    Dryer (38)    Electrical load (40)    Power bridge (78)
NOVELTY - A composition for the pressurization of a fuel supply tank for a propulsive system, is partly in liquid form and has a saturated vapor pressure of 5x105 - 35x105 Pa at 10-50 degrees C.    USE - The invention applies mainly to propulsive sub-systems for short-life satellites using hydrazine as propellent fuel (claimed). It is also applicable to projectile sub-systems.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the pressurizing system counteracts pressure losses occurring in orbit and on consumption of fuel. The system dispenses with the need for an intermediate reservoir and separating piston.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) the use of the composition;    (2) the process of pressurization of the fuel; and    (3) the fuel reservoir containing the composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram for the testing of the pressurization of a hydrazine fuel with a composition of the invention.    Spherical supply tank; (1)    Pressurizing demi-sphere; (11)    Fuel semi-sphere; (13)    Separating membrane; (9)    Valves; (19, 21, 23)    Evacuation tube with safety rupture disc; (27,28)    Regulator and flow meter; (29)    Compressor; (31)    Fuel reservoir; (37)    Heavy pressurize bottle; (39)    Light pressurize bottle; (41)    Nitrogen bottle; (43)    Recording and data analysis system. (45)    Temperature measurements are effected by means of platinum resistance thermometers disposed in the sphere and also pressure gauges on the supply lines (not shown). The sphere is constructed in stainless steel, has a total volume of 42.605 l and mean wall thickness of 10 mm. The system is capable of functioning at a pressure of 25x105 Pa at 50 degrees C , and was tested at 37.5x105 Pa.
NOVELTY - The fuel processor includes a monolithic multi-layer ceramic carrier (12) defining a fuel reformer (14) and including an integrated fuel stack (32). The fuel processor is formed using ceramic technology in which thin ceramic layers are assembled then sintered to provide miniature dimensions in which the encapsulated catalyst converts inlet fuel into a hydrogen enriched gas.    USE - To provide electrical power to portable devices and replace the battery.    ADVANTAGE - Can be adapted for use with portable devices.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Perspective view of fuel processor and fuel stack    Ceramic carrier (12)    Fuel reformer (14)    Fuel stack (32)
NOVELTY - A combustion chamber which receives combustible material from feed hopper (16), is connected to gas and water supply pipes. The gas produced by reaction of pyrolysis products with water and gas, is received by a chamber outlet connected to an evacuator which draws gas along a flow path.    USE - For processing organic matter such as slash, twigs, branches, bark, saw dust, trimmings and scrap produced in forestry, bagasse, corn cobs and rice hulls in agriculture.    ADVANTAGE - The gasifier has less mechanical components and requires less maintenance to convert biomass efficiently. Removes gas from gasifier without using any mechanical components such as blower or fan.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A particulate removal apparatus like scrubber (68) and filter (70) is provided between the inlet and outlet of combustion chamber which is divided into upper and lower chambers (22,24) by a hinged plate (50) which transfer combustible material, under gravity. A grate and reciprocating angled plates form a support for coal bed during gasification. The plates are made to reciprocate for causing debris on the grate to move towards the encircling wall. Ports are provided adjacent to the grate for removing debris from the chamber. The chamber has a water reservoir around which a flow path is formed. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method of gasifying combustible material which involves maintaining the temperature of grate at 1800-2200degreesF by controlling water injection and oxygen enriched gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the gasifier.    Feed hopper (16)    Chambers (22,24)    Hinged plate (50)    Scrubber (68)    Filter (70)
NOVELTY - A membrane electrode assembly including an anode and a cathode arranged on both sides of an electrolyte membrane, is held by a pair of thin metal plates (10) through a sealing plate (CS). A reactant gas channel is formed between the membrane electrode assembly and one of the metal plates, such that the boundary of the turning portion of the channel is constituted by a portion of the sealing plate.    USE - E.g. for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids chances of gas leakage by constituting a portion of the reactant gas channel by the sealing plate. Improves productivity by easily arranging the reactant gas channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plan view of the cathode-side separator.    Thin metal plates (10)    Sealing plate (CS)
NOVELTY - A reactor (3) generates fuel gas by reforming reaction of raw fuel evaporated using heat generated by combustion of exhaust gas. The generated fuel gas and an oxidant gas are supplied to a fuel cell. A flow rate control valve (8) controls the flow rate of an oxidant gas to fuel cell, based on output power of the fuel cell.    USE - Used for electric powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell is controlled, the imperfect combustion of the fuel gas caused by the shortage of oxidant gas at the combustor is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system of an electric powered vehicle.    Reactor (3)    Flow rate control valve (8)
NOVELTY - A polyaromatic hydrocarbon decomposing Arthrobacter oxydans JS-15 and a method for decomposing the polyaromatic hydrocarbon are provided.    USE - The microorganism can be effectively used in purifying environments.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polyaromatic hydrocarbon decomposing Arthrobacter oxydans JS-15 and a method for decomposing the polyaromatic hydrocarbon are provided.    The polyaromatic hydrocarbon is decomposed by Arthrobacter oxydans JS-15 (KCTC 0782BP) by adding a surfactant which facilitates the decomposability activity of the microorganism, where the surfactant is selected from Tween 80, Triton X-100 and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and added into the soil in an amount of 10-1000 mg/kg of the soil.
NOVELTY - The tank is bifurcated by a vertical baffle plate (22) with aperture at vertical ends. Circulating flow is formed between partition (10A) and other partition (10B) by lift effect of air from a diffuser (24) in partition (10A) so that waste water (14) contacts microorganism support carriers (16) in fluid state. A distributor (28) below the diffuser leads the flow to a tank bottom corner portion.    USE - For aerobic treatment of waste water from sewage and industrial drainage.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deposition of the carriers. Improves processing property of the microorganisms.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of the composition of the aerobic treatment tank.    Treatment tank (10)    Partitions (10A,10B)    Waste water (14)    Carrier (16)    Baffle plate (22)    Diffuser (24)    Distributor (28)
NOVELTY - A permeable filter layer (17) consisting of a wooden chip layer (13) and a pebble layer (15), vertically divides a treatment tank (12) into organic refuse decomposition chamber (19) and a liquid collection chamber (24) for accumulating liquid obtained from the organic refuse. A drain pipe (25) is connected to the liquid collection chamber.    USE - For processing organic refuse obtained from school, house, food processing plant, restaurant, foodstuffs stores, for production of compost.    ADVANTAGE - As the chip layer and pebble layer are permeable, excess water content in the organic refuse passes through the chip layer and pebble layer and get collected into the liquid collection chamber, hence excess water content does not remain in the decomposing chamber. Hence decomposition is done efficiently and quickly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of treatment tank.    Treatment tank (12)    Wooden chip layer (13)    Pebble layer (15)    Permeable filter layer (17)    Organic refuse decomposition chamber (19)    Liquid collection chamber (24)    Drain pipe (25)
NOVELTY - A methanation tank (3) arranged at the post stage of a hydrolyzing tank (2), carriers out methanation of organic substances which are hydrolyzed in the hydrolyzing tank by microbes. An ORP adjusting unit adjusts refuse supply to the hydrolyzing tank and liquid supply and alkali injection to the methanation tank based on ORP detected in the methanation tank by an ORP meter (4).    USE - For gasification of organic substance contained in organic refuse, using microbes such as bacteria, to produce methane.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures smooth performance of the device by regulating bacterial activity, by maintaining ORP within a specific range in the methanation tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic refuse amount control unit adjusts the amount of organic refuse supplied by an organic refuse supply unit to the hydrolyzing tank. A liquid supply unit performs supply to the methanation tank from the hydrolyzing tank. A supply amount control unit adjusts the amount of supply into the methanation tank. An alkali amount control unit adjusts the injection of alkali into the methanation tank by an alkali injection unit. Two controllers control the supply amount control unit and the alkali amount control unit respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the organic refuse bio-gasifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrolyzing tank (2)    Methanation tank (3)    ORP meter (4)
NOVELTY - The fuel modifier (26) includes several modification catalyst layer (114a-114e) arranged orthogonal to fuel flow direction. The flow path frames (118a-118e) are arranged at gas introduction side of catalyst layer for supplying the fuel. A net-shaped rectifier (120) welded with flow path frame, has higher density than the other portions of modifier.    USE - For modification of fuel containing hydrocarbon in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The welding of net-shaped rectifier is reliably and firmly performed to flow path frame, hence weld flow is prevented and welding is performed without pressure loss characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The net-shaped rectifier has inner and outer flanges (123,121) which are respectively provided at upper and lower side of catalyst layer. The density of net-shaped rectifier is higher at the edge of each flange.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel modifier.    Fuel modifier (26)    Catalyst layers (114a-114e)    Flow path frames (118a-118e)    Net-shaped rectifiers (120)    Flanges (121,123)
NOVELTY - An evaporator (20) has fuel mixing chamber (44) for mixing fuel for combustion and oxygen-containing gas to form fuel mixed gas. The evaporator has combustion flow path, reformation starting material flow path and evaporation flow path. The combustion flow path performs oxidation combustion of fuel. The combustion flow path and reformation starting material flow path are arranged orthogonal to each other.    USE - For mounting on vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The evaporator has reduced size and improved efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An evaporator (20) has a fuel mixing chamber (44) for mixing fuel for combustion and oxygen-containing gas to form a fuel mixed gas. The evaporator has a heat exchanger (52), combustion flow path, reformation starting material flow path and evaporation flow path. The combustion flow path supports surface oxidation catalyst for performing oxidation combustion of fuel in fuel mixed gas. The combustion flow path and reformation starting material flow path are arranged orthogonal to each other. The evaporator vaporizes reformation starting material containing water and hydrocarbon type fuel.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel reformer which has a raw material supply unit for supplying reformation starting material to evaporator and a reforming unit for reforming starting material gas supplied from the evaporator to hydrogen rich gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram showing outline of evaporator.    Evaporator (20)    Reformation staring material tank (26)    Starting material mixing tank (32)    Fuel supply port (40)    Fuel mixing chamber (44)    Heat exchange flow path (50)    Heat exchanger (52)    Reformation starting material flow path member (54)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell unit (114) includes a section (120) guiding liquid flow. This is bonded to the contact plate (118), liquid-tight. In addition it forms a boundary for the chamber through which fluid flows during fuel cell operation. It is formed from sheet.    USE - A fuel cell unit forming part of a block composite used in its construction.    ADVANTAGE - The cell, costing little to produce, is especially suited for mass manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of manufacture    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An exploded perspective shows two units of the stack.    fuel cell unit (114)    contact plate (118)    guiding liquid flow section (120)
NOVELTY - The gas distribution layers (9) in the PEM fuel cell stack are compressed to 25% - 60% of their original thickness.    USE - To make a PEM (5) fuel cell stack including gas distribution layers of woven fibers, and bipolar plates.    ADVANTAGE - The cell simplifies construction in comparison with prior art, and has the same or better power output. Defined compression is assisted by use of incompressible seals e.g. of glass fiber-reinforced PTFE. These are thinner than the compressible gas distribution layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A view of the partially cut-away plate construction is presented.    PEM membrane (5)    gas distribution layer (9)    gas flow channels (10)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell includes a sandwich construction formed by a transmissive membrane, catalytic layer (80,82) and gas distribution layer (78). Each gas distribution layer formed of conductive open cell foam media, is divided into several parallel segments extending across the sandwich construction, so as to define parallel porous reactant paths across the catalytic layers.    USE - Used as power source for propulsion of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures that little or no cross-migration occurs between the parallel segments of the gas distribution layers, thereby ensuring uniform distribution of gases across the surface of the catalytic layers. Also, a small weight, inexpensive fuel cell is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.    Gas distribution layer (78)    Catalytic layer (80,82)
NOVELTY - The device has a control valve (2) in the form of a valve that continuously controls a flowing operating gas with an electronic controller (6) that regulates the valve output pressure to a given value for a non-constant input pressure or depending on system parameters of the fuel cell arrangement.    USE - For feeding a working gas to a fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - Requires gas feeds with fewer parts and hence less volume and weight and simultaneously enables improved fuel cell reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of operating a device for feeding a working gas to a fuel cell arrangement.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a device for feeding a working gas to a fuel cell    fuel cell arrangement (1)    control valve (2)    electronic controller (6)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell arrangement comprises a fuel cell module containing a fuel cell with a membrane-electrode unit (10) and a bipolar plate (15). The membrane-electrode unit forms a self-supporting unit with the bipolar plate.    USE - Used as a fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement has a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A single membrane-electrode unit and a single bipolar plate are mechanically clamped together to form the self-supporting unit. The clamp is a metal frame (1) having insulating elements (8) for electrically insulating against the bipolar plate. The fuel cell module contains PEM fuel cells and at least one HT-PEM fuel cell containing a single dissociating and/or autoprotolytic electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the membrane-electrode unit.    metal frame (1)    insulating elements (8)    membrane-electrode unit (10)    bipolar plate (15)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) is designed so that the operating gas discharge (26a,26b) of the first stage (2) is connected with the operating gas supply (30a,30b) of the second stage (4). An additional third stage (6) is provided, which has at least one fuel cell block (18), an operating gas supply (36a,36b) and an operating gas discharge (38a,38b). So that the operating gas discharge (32a,32b) of the second stage (4) is connected with the operating gas supply (36a,36b) of the third stage (6). The stages (2,4,6) include the same type fuel cell blocks (10,12,14,16,18).    USE - Fuel cell cascade arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - Simple fuel cell system compared to the systems presently available, so that it can be operated so that during the operation of the block, that the least possible exhaust gas is produced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure 1 shows a fuel cell system which has four connected stages for the gas supply and disposal.    Fuel cell system (1)    Stages (2,4,6,8)    Fuel cell blocks (10,12,14)    Fuel cell blocks (20,22)    Water separator (28a)
NOVELTY - The method is carried out, so that after a draining of a fuel cell (1D) by a pipeline (33), the pipeline is closed using a valve (39). With the assistance of a facility for measuring the differential pressure (27) at a venturi nozzle (23), the flow in the pipeline (33) is measured. In the event of a differential pressure above a limit pressure, the fuel cell is switched off.    USE - Monitoring discharge of gases and water from fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - With the monitoring of the media discharge prevents undesired amounts of gas flowing out from the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure 1 shows a schematic view of a fuel cell system with a venturi nozzle in a drainage line.    Fuel cell block (1)    Cascade steps (1A,1B,1C)    Rinsing cell (1D)    Oxygen line (3)    Wetting unit (5)    Line (7)    Water separator (9)    Venturi nozzle (23)    Differential pressure sensor (27)
NOVELTY - The gas flow field (504) has a three-dimensional open cell foamed structure for gas diffusion. The foamed structure has corrugations creating micro-channels with pitch greater than or equal to 2/3 of run of the corrugations.    USE - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly (claimed) in residential and light commercial applications.    ADVANTAGE - Since life span is increased and need for carrying out complicated maintenance operation is avoided, usage efficiency is improved. Optimal mass transport is achieved through open cell foamed flow fields so overall working efficiency and maximum power are achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) proton exchange membrane fuel cell assembly;    (b) three-dimensional open cell production;    (c) fuel cell stack assembly;    (d) fuel cell distribution frame;    (e) fuel cell;    (f) fuel cell stack; and    (g) electrochemical reaction inducing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic of the PEM fuel cell of the gas flow field.    Gas flow field (504)
NOVELTY - The operating method is carried out, so that at least a part of the gas, located in the inner chamber (6) enclosed by the protective housing (4) is led out and is replaced by fresh air. The replacement of the gas part by fresh air, is carried out continuously by a permanent supply of an adjustable volume flow of fresh gas.    USE - Method of operating fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - With very high operating reliability facilitates an especially durable and long working life of the fuel cell arrangement with constant supply of fresh gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure 2 shows a schematic view of a fuel cell arrangement.    Fuel cell arrangement (1)    Fuel cell block (2)    Protective housing (4)    Inner chamber (6)    Adjustable valve (8)    Fresh gas (F)    Supply line (10)    Second adjusting valve (16)    Discharge line (18)    Pressure sensor (20)
NOVELTY - In a microbiological culture for starting microbiological processes in water, soil, sediments and/or mud using live chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, the bacteria are immobilized.    USE - The microbiological culture is used for removing harmful substances from waters, soil, sediments, muds and the air, preferably for removing inorganic and organic compounds, especially phosphates and inorganic and organic nitrogen compounds; and in a process for purifying and/or treating water and/or soil (all claimed). The cultures are especially useful for improving the cleaning power of aquatic systems, e.g. aquaria, ponds, lakes and sewage works.    ADVANTAGE - Stagnant and flowing natural waters usually have a certain self-cleaning power, which is enhanced by adding microorganisms. However, microorganisms added as cell suspension or powder can move to other regions and cannot be fixed where needed. In addition, existing cell suspensions and microcapsules do not usually contains chemoautotrophic microorganisms and have a very limited storage life (1-2 days). The immobilized present starter vultures can be stored for some time and can be fixed where required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a kit-of-parts, comprising the microbiological culture and a container for holding and storing the culture under maintenance conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a scheme for producing biomass of nitrosomonas species as pure culture in a bioreactor, with biomass recycling, which can be operated continuously or by the fed-batch system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A refrigerant composition for high back pressure condition contains (in wt.%) propane (20-45) and propylene (55-80).    USE - Refrigerant for refrigerator system (claimed) and industrial air-conditioner for high back pressure condition.    ADVANTAGE - The refrigerant composition exhibits high evaporating temperature under atmospheric pressure, high condensing point, high critical temperature, excellent coefficient of performance, excellent volumetric cooling capacity, excellent compatibility with the refrigerating oil, high viscosity, high heat transferring characteristics, excellent electric insulation without the deposit of electric insulating material, and enhanced non-flammability and non-explosiveness. It has an equal or similar level of condensing/evaporating pressure to hydrochlorofluorocarbon HCFC-22. It is environmentally friendly and can be directly dropped into a refrigerating system using HCFC-22 without any systemic change.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a high back pressure condition refrigerant composition containing propane (50-70, preferably 55-57) and 1,1-difluoroethane (30-50, preferably 41-43).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a pressure-enthalpy diagram of the azeotropic refrigerant composition.
NOVELTY - A refrigerant composition for low back pressure condition contains isobutane hydrocarbon refrigerant and 1,1-difluoroethane hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant.    USE - Refrigerant in refrigerator system (claimed) for low back pressure condition.    ADVANTAGE - The refrigerant composition exhibits low evaporating temperature under atmospheric pressure, excellent latent evaporating heat, low condensing point, excellent volumetric cooling capacity, high critical temperature, excellent compatibility with the refrigerating oil, low viscosity, high heat transferring characteristic, excellent electric insulation property without the deposit of electric insulating material, and enhanced non-flammability and non-explosiveness. It has an equal or similar level of condensing/evaporating pressure to CF2Cl2 (CFC-12). It is environmentally friendly and can be directly dropped into a refrigerating system using CFC-12 without any systemic change or modification.
NOVELTY - The production of a garbage-derived fuel is provided to recycle food waste that would otherwise be discarded in a landfill site.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a heating fuel comprises: garbage collection (S2); garbage mixing (S3); the separation of foreign materials from collected garbage (S6); garbage dehydration (S10); crushing (S12); garbage dehydration/crushing (S13); leachate treatment (S8); additive addition (S14); pelletization for the application to heating or cooking (S16, S18); and drying (S20).
NOVELTY - A treating method of sewage using TCBF(Temperature Control Bioreactor AND Flocculation) is provided to treat NH4NO3 effectively by keeping the temperature of a bioreactor regular without regard to summer and winter through organic material of sewage, biodegrading heat of NH4NO3 and compressed heat of air.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Sewage of a landfill is injected into denitrating/nitrifying process(20). The sewage is primarily treated in a denitrating reactor(21) and dropped into a nitrifying reactor(22). NH4NO3 of the sewage is oxidized in the nitrifying reactor. To keep the temperature of the reactors regular, the both reactors have completely closed concrete structure. Compressed heat fed from a blower and biodegrading heat generated from the denitrating/nitrifying process raises the temperature of the reactors. The denitrated/nitrified sewage is mixed with Fe2SO3 in chemical flocculating/depositing process(30) to remove remaining insoluble organic material. Fe2SO3 has a low causticity compared to FeCl3 to cut down about 15% and more of chemical cost as well as to prevent facilities from being damaged. The sewage keeping pH 5.0 with Fe2SO3 is stirred for 20-30min and then stirred with 10-15m/l of anionic polymer flocculant for 10-20min. The sewage is deposited for 2-3h to remove sludge therefrom and to drain pure water. The finally treated water is neutralized with NaOH to keep about pH 6.5.
NOVELTY - Provided is functional fermentation feed additive which improves metabolism of livestock, and enhances autoimmunity and anti-stress effect to consequently improve viability. And its manufacturing method is also provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The functional feed additive consists of 50-100g of brewing yeast, 10-30g of cortex of ginseng, 10-20g of alumina calcium silicate, 10-20g of alumina sodium silicate, 30-60g of Sodium bicarbonate, 40-80g of sodium carbonate, 60-100g of potassium carbonate, 1.0-2.0g of zinc oxide, 2.0-4.0g of zinc sulfate, 2.0-3.0g of magnesium sulfate and 6.0-9.0g of magnesium based on 1000g of rice bran or wheat bran.
NOVELTY - The production of a solid fuel from food waste comprises adding a molding additive to the food waste to improve the formability of the food waste, not allowing it to be broken after molding.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of solid fuel comprises storing food waste in a storage tank to remove the moisture by gravitation; controlling the content of moisture to be ca. 60%; pulverizing the food waste to make the size be 10 mm or less; adding an adhesive liquid and a molding additive to the pulverized one to mold it; and drying the molded one to make the content of moisture be ca. 10% or less. The molding additive is a cellulose-based additive.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse is processed by carbonization.    USE - For processing organic refuse, such as foodstuff remains, e.g. egg shells, shellfish shells and fish.    ADVANTAGE - The organic refuse is processed efficiently. The processing method is also suitable for recycling materials other than a compost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a simple organic-refuse-processing apparatus (20) which has a carbonization unit for carbonizing the organic refuse.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the simple organic refuse processing apparatus.    Simple organic refuse processing apparatus (20)    Heater (21)    Basket-like container (22)    Accommodation unit (23)    Lid (24)
NOVELTY - Solid fuel (1) produced from municipal solid waste is placed in a cooling chamber (4) and is cooled by passing cooling gas (7) through the layer. The cooling capacity and flow velocity of the solid fuel in the cooling region are controlled and the temperature of the fuel is reduced to less than 35 degrees C.    USE - For cooling solid fuel produced from municipal solid waste.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling process is carried out automatically. The spontaneous ignition of the solid fuel is prevented, by cooling the fuel before storage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solid fuel cooling system having a cooing tower on which the solid fuel is filled, a duct (6) which crosses the filled layer for passing/cooling gas, an adjustable speed discharging apparatus (8) for ejecting the fuel, a measuring device (21) for measuring the solid fuel temperature and a control apparatus (23) for controlling the cooling capacity and solid fuel output depending on the signal from the measuring device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the solid fuel cooling system.    Solid fuel (1)    Cooling chamber (4)    Duct (6)    Cooling gas (7)    Solid fuel discharge apparatus (8)    Temperature measuring device (21)    Control apparatus (23)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse processing apparatus comprises a thermo sensor element (27) to detect the temperature of garbage disposal material at a set time after the start of heating using a heater (26). A control unit (31) calculates the moisture content of disposal material based on the detected temperature rise.    USE - Processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Detects accurately the moisture content of garbage disposal material without influence of material temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the control block diagram of moisture content detection sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heater (26)    Thermo sensor element (27)    Control unit (31)
NOVELTY - An inner cylinder (7) comprising a surrounding wall in which several small holes (7a) are formed, is provided inside a rotating drum (11). A spiral-form lead plate (13) is provided between the inner cylinder and rotating drum, forming a sealed transfer line (12b). The waste material which is to be carbonized is carbonized in the sealed transfer line.    USE - For carbonizing vegetable waste for incineration.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient heating as waste materials are stirred and moved by interactive mobility provided by the rotation drum and spiral lead plate, inside sealed the transfer line.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbonization.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the furnace housing.    Inner cylinder (7)    Holes (7a)    Rotating drum (11)    Sealed transfer line (12b)    Lead plate (13)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen release equilibrium temperature pressure of supplement hydrogen occlusion alloy at the starting time of exterior load is set higher than main hydrogen occlusion alloy and the stop time is increased for main alloy.    USE - For supplying hydrogen gas to exterior loads such as fuel cell and hydrogen engine.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size and weight of hydrogen supply apparatus, moving bodies such as vehicle body. No need to start separately at low temperature and special control apparatus is not needed. Reliable starting at short period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The main hydrogen occlusion alloy and supplement hydrogen occlusion alloy are accommodated in single tank or separate tanks (61) connected mutually.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of hydrogen supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tanks (61)
NOVELTY - A breeding field waste material charged into a carbonization furnace which has a heat air current heating systems is classified as a lightweight component and a residual component. The carbonization process of the residual component is performed in the furnace by a heat air current (NA) and the lightweight component is ejected out of the furnace.    USE - For manufacturing carbonization process material from a breeding field waste material comprising a material including an excrement component and straw from a breeding field of cattle and horses.    ADVANTAGE - A carbonization process material can be easily and efficiently obtained from a breeding field waste material by carrying out the carbonization process of a residual material and ejecting a lightweight material from the waste material after classification.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbonization process equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow diagram explaining the carbonization process material production. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has a heating furnace (24) for heating gas rich in hydrocarbon group fuel and oxygen, and water, which is arranged at the periphery of a reformer (8). The reformer produces a gas rich in hydrogen by the modification reaction of gas rich in hydrocarbon group fuel and oxygen, and water.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has high thermal efficiency. The apparatus greatly reduces the usage of heat insulating material or its thickness. The apparatus is compact and easily detects the gas leakage, ensuring a high safety. The apparatus responds to rapid load change, so rapid starting is obtained. The apparatus reduces the heat loss in the piping portion connecting a reformer and a heating furnace.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a structural drawing showing the reformer of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    Reformer (8)    Heating furnace (24)
NOVELTY - A heating gas feed pipe (18) of a double tube structure is connected to a burner combustion section (23). An inner pipe (18-1) of the double tube structure supplies heating gas to the burner combustion section. An outer pipe (18-2) removes condensed water to the drain discharge pipe (25).    USE - For modifying fuel to hydrogen-rich reformed gas.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents noise and accidental fire. Stable burning of heating gas. Prevents instability of flame resulting from condensed water as condensed water is drained through discharge pipe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Heating gas is the mixture of exhaust gases of the hydrocarbon fuel and fuel cell or reformed gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of burner for fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heating gas feed pipe (18)    Inner pipe (18-1)    Outer pipe (18-2)    Burner combustion section (23)    Drain discharge pipe (25)
NOVELTY - The fuel battery gas supply apparatus (GS) comprises a gas absorption device at the downstream of the fuel cell, and a pressure control device at the upstream of the fuel cell. The gas absorption device absorbs the gas supplied to the fuel cell and the pressure control device controls the pressure of the supplied gas.    USE - For fuel cell used as power source of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Accumulation of water formed in the fuel cell is reduced, by ejecting the formed water. Negative pressure is controlled by both gas absorption device and pressure control device, thus power consumption is reduced and the fuel cell is driven in a suitable condition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell composition is controlled depending on the target electricity generation quantity of the fuel cell. The pressure of the supplied gas is lowered, when the cell voltage of the fuel cell becomes lower than a predetermined value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system containing fuel battery gas supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel battery gas supply apparatus (GS)
NOVELTY - The fuel is injected towards a catalyzed combustor (20) which introduces catalyzed combustion to a heat medium tube (2p) of the fuel evaporator (2). Based on the temperature of the evaporator, liquid fuel is sprayed to the evaporator to start evaporation.    USE - Used for fuel evaporator for evaporating liquid fuels such as mixture of methanol and water.    ADVANTAGE - Warming-up is performed suitably at correct timing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section side view of the warming up apparatus of the evaporator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel evaporator (2)    Heat medium tube (2p)    Catalyzed combustor (20)
NOVELTY - Processing of organic waste involves mixing microbial bed (2) supporting microbial species which decomposes organic substances and organic substances. Fats and oils of organic waste are absorbed in microbial bed by fats and oils adsorbent (5) containing lipolysis microbe which decomposes and treats organic waste.    USE - For processing domestic and industrial organic waste with lot of fats and oils.    ADVANTAGE - Decomposition of fats and oils is performed efficiently and reliably using microbial bed containing fat and oil adsorbent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of processing apparatus of organic waste processing method.    Microbial bed (2)    Fats and oils adsorbent (5)
NOVELTY - A phosphoric acid fuel cell stack (12) has anode and cathode electrodes (26,24) with phosphoric acid electrolyte (22). A solid polymer fuel cell stack (14) has anode and cathode electrodes (26a,24a) with electrolyte (22a) comprising polymeric ion exchange membrane. The supply units (16,18) supply heating gas and oxidizing agent gas individually and simultaneously to both the stacks.    USE - Fuel cell system with phosphoric acid and solid polymer fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - Since heating gas and oxidizing agent gas are supplied simultaneously and individually to both the stacks, fuel cells of different kinds can be combined and service condition is improved greatly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Phosphoric acid fuel cell stack (12)    Solid polymer fuel cell stack (14)    Supply units (16,18)    Electrolytes (22,22a)    Cathode electrodes (24,24a)    Anode electrodes (26,26a)
NOVELTY - An electrically driven vehicle is supplied from a fuel cell (2) which receives hydrogen from a reformer using a fuel. The intention to start the vehicle is detected in advance by an electronic control unit (13) which receives signals from sensors responding to door opening (14), door locking/unlocking (15), a remote control (18) and driver seat pressure (20). After detection of intention to start the electronic control unit initiates the operation of the reformer    USE - To control fuel cell operation in electric vehicle    ADVANTAGE - The delay in vehicle starting due to the time taken to heat the reformer is reduced without the use of expensive batteries    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is made for a vehicle using the systems and methods for anticipating starts    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows sensors to detect an intention to start a vehicle    Fuel cell (2)    Electronic control unit (13)    Door opening sensor (14)    Door locking/unlocking sensor (15)    Remote control sensor (18)    Driver's seat pressure sensor (20)
NOVELTY - A compost stack (1) has aerobically bio-degradable wastes (9) which are first mechanically shredded, homogenized and moistened. The stack has chimney ventilation and is especially covered by a web containing absorbent materials.    USE - Aerobic decomposition of municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - The process and assembly minimize undesirable atmospheric emissions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also claimed is a waste disposal stack operating process with an absorbent web (20) has active carbon granules placed on top of a bio-filter layer (13,12) of particles 25-800 mm in diameter. The absorbent web is left in place for four to six weeks. Several layers of absorbent web material are placed over those parts of the stack close to the chimneys (3). The stack has four layers of re-usable absorbent web and is arranged in an enclosed building.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross sectional view of the stack.    Stack (1)    absorption web (20)    bio-filter layer (12,13)    chimney (3)
NOVELTY - A gas sensor comprises a measuring electrode (21) and a reference electrode (24) with a switch (28) and a voltage source (27) connected to the switch. The switch changes the measuring operating state to a second operating state. The voltage source provides the measuring electrode with an electrical voltage in the second operating state.    USE - Used for detecting hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides in gas mixtures, especially in exhaust gas analysis of direct injection engines.    ADVANTAGE - Unwanted reduction reactions on the measuring electrode are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The measuring electrode contains a metal oxide and a mixed oxide, especially reduction-sensitive mixed oxides of metal oxides, e.g. nickel oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cobalt oxide, a perovskite or other electrically conducting spinel of formula ABB'O4 or electrically conducting pseudo brookite or formula ABB'O5. The measuring electrode is subjected to a gas mixture, especially an I. C. engine exhaust gas, and the reference electrode is subjected to a gas mixture or reference gas, especially air or oxygen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the gas sensor.    Measuring electrode (21)    Reference electrode (24)    Voltage source (27)    Switch (28)
NOVELTY - A multi-purpose nutritive soil for cultivating flower, vegetable and economic crops is prepared from straw or stalk of crops and saw dust through baking, breaking, mixing with excrement and urine of animals and fowls and chemical P fertilizer, fermentation, using fermented liquid as liquid fertilizer, and mixing fermented solid with N, P, K, trace elements, rare-earth elements and growing agent. Its advantages are high effect and low cost.
NOVELTY - The system has a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit (2) connected between an air compressor (3) and a fuel cell (1) that is connected to a variable electrical load (10). The PSA unit operates between adsorption and desorption pressure, such that the compressed air pressure or adsorption pressure varies in relation to the electrical load.    USE - Fuel cell system such as solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and alkaline fuel cell systems used in motor vehicles such as electric vehicle, stationary power plant, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the adsorption pressure is varied based on the load applied to fuel cell, the oxygen enrichment and output fuel cell voltage are improved, and hence the overall fuel cell system efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system operation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system comprising solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    Fuel cell (1)    PSA unit (2)    Air compressor (3)    Variable electrical load (10)
NOVELTY - De-inking waste paper comprises using a cellulase with pulp-swelling activity.    USE - The method is useful for recycling paper.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows minimization of the cellulase addition level and lessens the amount of the de-inking agent. The method contributes to recycling resources and maintaining a clean environment.
NOVELTY - A biodegradable waste material is processed by: (i) placing the waste material in a container; (ii) adding soil containing bacteria to the waste material; (iii) applying liquid to the waste material; and (iv) periodically aerating the waste material to biodegrade the waste material to a soil material.    USE - For processing biodegradable waste material for use as composting material (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invented method solves the problem of large volumes of household waste going to landfill or incineration, thus less land is required for landfill sites and less ash and other pollutants, e.g. greenhouse gases are produced by incineration.
NOVELTY - A gasket (100) forms a seal between an anode plate and a bipolar plate (60) and has at least two spaced ridges (102d,102f) and (102a,102c) that contact the bipolar plate and anode plate respectively. When the gasket is compressed between the plates, one of the ridges contacts the respective plates. When the gasket is uncompressed while the other ridge does not contact the plate.    USE - Fuel cell stack assembly.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures higher void volume for improved compression. Provides less movement during compression. Offers increased number of sealing surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for forming seal between anode plate and bipolar plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a bipolar plate and a flow plate gasket.    Bipolar plate (60)    Gasket (100)    Ridges ((102a,102c,102d,102f)
NOVELTY - A fomentation composition is provided to achieve the activation of cells, and to improve the health of a user by effectively discharging metabolic waste products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fomentation composition is comprised of dried soil or sand of 100 wt. percent, mineral material of 5 to 50 wt. percent, a dried plant extract of 1 to 10 wt. percent, or charcoal of 1 to 30 wt. percent. A water content of the fomentation composition is 10 to 40 wt. percent. Additionally, salt of 1 to 30 wt. percent is added into the fomentation composition. The used fomentation composition is able to be reused after being thermally processed at a temperature of 300 to 400 deg.C.
NOVELTY - A capsule type fomentation apparatus is provided to help a user to discharge metabolic waste product in a sanitary manner without the restriction of time and space.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fomentation apparatus is comprised of an upper capsule(10), and a lower capsule(20), which are hinged with each other, and a cylinder for opening the lower capsule with low power. The upper capsule is provided with a far-infrared rays generator(14), and the lower capsule is provided with a magnet(24) for generating a magnetic field and a heat insulator capable of keeping the temperature of fomentation composition. The far-infrared rays generator is titanium rod containing a hot wire, or a hot wire coated with titanium or far-infrared rays emitter. The interior temperature of the capsule type fomentation apparatus is maintained in a range of 20 to 37deg.C.
NOVELTY - The fuel modification catalyst comprises alloy element(s) chosen from groups VIII, IX, X, XII and XIII of the periodic table.    USE - Used in fuel reformer which produces hydrogen containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modification catalyst has high activity, and selectivity in water vapor modification reaction. The compact fuel reformer using the catalyst has high durability. Fuel containing organic compounds like methanol, are reformed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of fuel modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - The catalyst precursor has a characteristic structure order of hydroxy double salt type. The catalyst precursor comprises copper-zinc composite metal, formed by stirring copper oxide, water-soluble zinc, or zinc oxide and water-soluble copper salt, in aqueous solution.    USE - For producing hydrogen from methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Methanol modification catalyst has high catalytic activity, even at low temperatures. The catalyst shows favorable selectivity and activity even at 300 degrees C. Reforming of methanol is carried out with high efficiency, and hydrogen is produced from methanol, effectively. The catalyst has sufficient reproducibility, and environmental pollution is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Filtration and washing of the precipitate formed from the copper-zinc group, is carried out producing copper-zinc composite metal hydroxide. Copper zinc group catalyst is obtained by solid-phase crystallization method. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Catalyst for methanol steam reforming; and    (2) Manufacturing method of catalyst for methanol steam reforming.
NOVELTY - Urea is added as a precipitating agent to a mixed solution containing metal ion M with copper and/or zinc, and a precipitate is formed by changing pH and stirring the mixed solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed, heated and dried, to obtain uniformly dispersed crystalline spherical particles of copper-zinc metal hydroxide.    USE - As spherical microparticle catalyst precursor for methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The spherical microparticle catalyst precursor for methanol reforming, has a high methanol conversion ratio even at comparatively low temperatures. High-efficiency methanol reforming is favored without forming toxic by-product such as carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst is prepared as a precursor of copper-zinc group or copper-zinc M group obtained by solid phase crystallizing method. Urea is added, as a precipitating agent, to a mixed solution containing metal ion M with copper and/or zinc. The metal ion is chosen from aluminum, chromium, gallium, iron, manganese, cerium, lanthanum, lead and/or gold. pH of the mixed solution is altered, and a precipitate is formed by stirring the solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed, heated and dried, to obtain uniformly dispersed crystalline spherical particles of copper-zinc metal hydroxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Catalyst for methanol steam reforming; and    (2) Manufacture of spherical microparticle catalyst precursor for methanol steam reforming.
NOVELTY - Dry type methane fermentation sludge (8) is processed by mixing fiber (10) with sludge ejected from a dry-type methane fermentation tank (6), and carbonizing or composting the obtained mixture.    USE - For processing dry-type methane fermentation sludge. The obtained fermented sludge is used as compost.    ADVANTAGE - The methane fermentation sludge is processed by the carbonization or composting method and waste sludge is recycled efficiently. Moisture content of the sludge is adjusted by simply mixing fiber with sludge, without performing dehydration or heat drying of the sludge, and high quality carbide is obtained. Smooth compost having favorable quality is produced in short time by the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic representation of the methane fermentation sludge processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Dry-type methane fermentation tank (6)    Surplus sludge (8)    Sludge to be recycled (9)    Fiber (10)
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer comprises a catalyst combustion section (33) in which the combustion catalyst (10) is distributed such that the catalyst in the downstream side of the combustion section becomes denser, to maintain uniform temperature in the catalyst combustion section.    USE - For forming hydrogen required for fuel cell used in general power supplies and electric vehicle by modification reaction of a hydrocarbon or alcohol starting material.    ADVANTAGE - The starting time of the fuel reformer is shortened. The fuel reformer life span reduction is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst combustion section comprises of bypass flow paths for passing pre-mixed gases of fuel and air. The bypass flow paths are arranged without contacting the combustion catalyst present in the catalyst combustion section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the catalyst combustion section and the feed zone. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion catalyst (10)    Fuel supply holes (11)    Fuel feed zone (32)    Catalyst combustion section (33)
NOVELTY - A gas burner (12) controls amount of supply of heating gas to a modifier (3) for converting heating gas to hydrogen for supplying to a fuel cell (6). Amount of flow of remnant gas from fuel cell and combustion quantity of heating gas in gas burner are controlled. Supply of heating gas to modifier is controlled based on amount of remnant gas supply from fuel cell.    USE - For starting operation of fuel cell system using hydrogen for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conservation is achieved. Stable rated output of fuel cell is attained quickly and easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation starting device of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic components of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    Fuel cell (6)    Gas burner (12)
NOVELTY - The oxygen electrode plate and airflow path plate (26) are bonded such that each opening (29) of airflow path plate connect with the openings of oxygen electrode plate to form an airflow path between them.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has simple structure and the electric power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the bottom planar view of airflow path forming plate.    Airflow path plate (26)    Opening (29)
NOVELTY - Waste plastic is heat processed, molded into a waste plastic regenerated material of a defined shape and solidified. The waste plastic regenerated material is recovered after use and used as a reducer for ores and/or solid fuel.    USE - For recycling waste plastic e.g. home refuse and industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - The waste plastic is recycled and used as waste plastic regeneration material. Effective use of resources is promoted. The composite recycling method carries out both chemical and material recycling processes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the process flowchart of the recycling of waste plastic. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A unit (1) for generating electrical energy has a high-temperature fuel cell module (5) with a device (27) that heats up water vapor and links to a steam pipe in a steam turbine. A pipe (20) feeds bleed steam from the turbine to a reformer. Thermal energy generated in the high-temperature fuel cell module is used to heat up water vapor for lowering its surface tension before it is fed to the reformer.    USE - In solid oxide fuel cells and molten carbonate fuel cells. For use with carbon hydride fuels like methanol, natural gas, heating oil, naphtha or biogas.    ADVANTAGE - This unit is particularly efficient and consequently operates cost-effectively and at a high level of electrical efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagram of a unit for generating electrical energy with two high-temperature fuel cell modules.    Unit for generating electrical energy (1)    High-temperature fuel cell module (5)    Device to heat up water vapor (27)    Pipe feeding bleed steam (20)
NOVELTY - Treatment of mixed municipal waste comprises first removing recyclable materials. The remaining material is mechanically ground and sieved to produce fine, medium and coarse fractions. Light material is removed from the medium fraction by screening and it is then mixed with some of the fine fraction and part of the fermenter output and nutrients are released by kneading. The product is fermented to produce biogas which is used to generate electricity. The coarse and light fractions are dried using the exhaust gases from the generating system and the product separated into light materials, heavy materials, metals and inert constituents by sieving, grinding, passing through a magnetic or induction separator and screening. Fuel is produced from the product and the substrate from the fermenter is pressed to remove water, mixed with partially rotted material and left to completely decompose, the gases produced being cooled and cleaned using a biofilter or acid washer.    USE - Treatment of mixed municipal waste    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the process. (Drawing includes non-English text).
NOVELTY - In the production of synthesis gas (I) containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, especially for methanol production, by reforming gas containing methane, especially natural gas, with steam, oxygen and/or carbon dioxide, (I) leaves the reformer at high temperature and pressure. The novelty is that, before further processing, a substantial part of the enthalpy content of (I) is removed in an intermediate thermodynamic cycle and used for other purposes, e.g. generating current or process heat.    USE - The synthesis gas preferably is used for methanol production (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Existing process for producing synthesis gas hardly use its large enthalpy content. The present process avoids this drawback. It uses a substantial part of the enthalpy content and hence greatly improves the overall energy balance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the plant used in this process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows plant for methanol production, in which synthesis gas is produced from natural gas.    Air supply (11)    Oxygen generator (12)    Compressor (13, 15, 25, 32)    Natural gas supply (14)    Gas treatment (16)    Reformer (17)    Water supply (18)    Fuel supply (19)    Waste gas outlet (20)    Methanol production unit (22)    Methanol outlet (23)    Plant for methanol production (24)    Intermediate cooler (26)    Gas turbine plant (27)    Generator (28)    Gas turbine (29)    Waste heat steam generator (30)    Cooler/condenser (31)
NOVELTY - Process for energetically utilizing organic raw materials (11), especially wood, comprises carbonizing the raw material to carbon (25) in a gasifier (12) having a pyrolysis unit (24) and forming a generator gas (16) containing carbon monoxide using a reduction unit (26). The carbon monoxide is oxidized to a waste gas (23) containing carbon dioxide in a thermoelectric device (13) with the recovery of thermal and mechanical energy. The waste gas is partially recycled to the reduction unit and the thermal energy recovered in the thermoelectric device is partially recycled to the pyrolysis unit and/or the reduction unit.    USE - Used for energetically utilizing organic raw materials, especially wood, to produce steam for turbines.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process. Preferred Features: Oxygen (36) is fed to the gasifier for an oxidation reaction in which the oxidizable components, especially carbon and hydrogen, recovered from the organic raw materials by pyrolysis are oxidized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device for energetically utilizing organic raw materials, especially wood.    organic raw materials (11)    gasifier (12)    thermoelectric device (13)    generator gas (16)    waste gas (23)    pyrolysis unit (24)    carbon (25)    reduction unit (26)    oxygen (36)
NOVELTY - A flocculation and air floating process for extracting yeast protein directly from weakly acidic organic waste liquid includes heating the fermented yeast liquid whose pH value is 3-6 to 35-45 degreesC, adding poly iron aluminum chloride (0.003-0.025%) and sodium polyacrylate (0.01-0.08%), stirring with jet pump which sucks air, drip drying for 1-2 hr, delivering the flocculated yeast protein to belt-type vacuum filter to obtain cakes, drying and breaking. Its advantages are lower energy consumption, high yield and quality of product, and low COD of discharged water.
NOVELTY - A spherical washed slime particle used as fuel of electric power plant providing low-temp heat and cyclic fluidized-bed boiler is prepared from washed slime, solidifying agent and dewatering agent through proportioning ,dewatering, stirring, grinding,stirring, granulating and natural curing. The dewatering agent is dry flyash and powdered coal. The solidifying agent is the mixture of CaO and karstenite or dihydrated gypsum
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is generated in an electrolytic cell (12) containing an electrolyte such as water or aqueous sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 1 % (m/v). The electric current required for electrolysis is supplied from a battery of the vehicle. The hydrogen generated in the electrolytic cell, is supplied to the engine.    USE - For supplying hydrogen as a fuel to a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides ecological benefits, by replacing the liquid fuel by hydrogen. Improves safety by generating hydrogen as and when required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel supply apparatus for vehicle engine; and    (2) vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the longitudinal sectional view of the fuel supply apparatus.    electrolytic cell (12)
NOVELTY - Several humidifying modules are placed mutually parallel along longitudinal direction such that a portion of the modules is shifted in position. A passage for hydrogen gas and discharge gas is formed in the space at the shifted position.    USE - In vehicles using fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The length of the humidifying modules along axial direction is shortened, by placing the modules in parallel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural drawing of the fuel cell system providing humidifying apparatus.
NOVELTY - An ejector (15) mixes the exhaust gas from the fuel cell (11) with fresh fuel gas, and supplies mixed fuel gas to fuel cell through a water permeable membrane, for humidifying the mixed fuel gas with water content contained in the exhaust gas using a humidifier (16).    USE - For vehicles such as electric car.    ADVANTAGE - Decrease in relative humidity attributable to pressure loss of the fuel gas before and after passing through the ejector can be prevented and the humidity required for the fuel cell can be reliably ensured. Since the fuel side exhaust gas whose content is reduced after passing through the humidifier is added to the fresh fuel gas in the ejector, the concentration of the fuel gas contained in the fuel side exhaust gas increases thereby enabling improvement in stoichiometry of the fuel gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (11)    Ejector (15)    Humidifier (16)
NOVELTY - The method involves utilizing the water accumulating in an oxidant stream flowing through several fuel cell stacks (100), by periodically reversing the oxidant stream flow direction within oxidant passages of stacks.    USE - For distributing water to ion exchange membrane in an array of electrochemical fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces parasitic load by reducing the reactant flow requirements. Improves product water management within the fuel cell by reducing the oxidant and/or fuel stoichiometry at a given performance level. Simplifies fuel cell system complexity by reducing or eliminating the need for humidifiers to humidify one or both reactant streams, and product water management components, including condensers, water separators, product water reservoirs, pumps, filters, and all associated piping and fittings. Reduces system cost and weight by eliminating humidifiers and product water management components. Elimination of condensers reduces the need for low temperature coolants. Improves operating efficiency with reduced power requirement for operating the humidifiers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical fuel cell assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of an electrochemical fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell stack (100)
NOVELTY - A hollow fiber membrane module circulates a reactive gas to be supplied to a fuel cell inside a housing and outside the hollow fiber structures, and circulates an off-gas through a flow entrance (9) into the hollow fiber structures. A cathode humidifying unit (5A) transfers the water in the off-gas through the hollow fiber structures to the reactive gas and humidifies the reactive gas.    USE - Water permeable humidifier for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cathode humidifying unit exhausts liquid which has accumulated in the off-gas flow entrance, to prevent or reduce blocking of the hollow fiber structures by water. Therefore the number of hollow fiber structures for humidification is increased, reduction in flow path area of the off gas is reduced and increase in pressure loss of off-gas is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the humidifier.    Cathode humidifying unit (5A)    Off-gas flow entrance (9)
NOVELTY - An aqueous organic fuel-feed fuel cell includes an electrolyte having proton-conducting membrane (18) that is coupled to two electrodes (14, 16) of different polarities. A first pump (20) circulates a liquid organic fuel, which is free of acid-containing electrolytes, into the first electrode to cause potential difference between the electrodes when a second component is in the second electrode.    USE - Useful as electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive fuel cell includes a solid polymer membrane that has excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability, high ionic conductivity, and can function both as electrolyte and as a separator. The use of the membrane permits operation of fuel cell at 120 degrees C. Since the fuel and water solution is free of sulfuric acid, there is no need for expensive corrosion-resistant components in the fuel cell and its accessories.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a fuel cell. The fuel cell is operated by preparing a first electrode to operate as a first polarity electrode; circulating an organic fuel in a first surface of the first electrode; preparing a second electrode to operate as second polarity electrode; preparing an electrolyte including a proton conducting membrane; circulating a second reactive component into a second surface of the second electrode; and coupling an electrical load between the two electrodes. The organic fuel has a component that is capable of electro-oxidation, and the second reactive component includes a component that is capable of electro-reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the inventive liquid feed organic fuel cell having a solid polymeric membrane.    Two electrodes (14, 16)    Proton-conducting membrane (18)    Pump (20)
NOVELTY - Apparatus comprising: (a) biological fermenter with exhaust and delivery fans, which are equipped with automatic control system comprising thermal couple connected to automatic control device; (b) channels for locating air blowing pipes are equipped with baffles; (c) pipes formed conical and directed with their wider end to delivery fan, is new.    USE - For preparing compost.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified construction and increased efficiency.
NOVELTY - Complex mineral fertilizer comprising 10% nitrogen and 34% phosphorus supplemented with the wastes of alcoholic production, such as acetone-butyl or post-alcoholic molasses distillery grains, where the ratio of components corresponds to, weight %: complex mineral fertilizer 60-70, acetone butyl or post-alcoholic molasses distilled grains 30-40, is new.    USE - Production of biofertilizers.    ADVANTAGE - Decreased content of alcoholic production wastes at keeping their biological activity due to applying inhibitory impact of complex mineral fertilizer.
NOVELTY - This invention is provided to increase agriculture income by using the product prepared by mixing and maturing human manure, pig dung and cattle dung with a fermenting agent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic fertilizer is prepared by maturing human manure, pig dung and cattle dung with a fermenting agent. The fermenting agent comprises sawdust and rice straw (50 kg), rice bran (10 kg), alcohol (10 kg), raw sugar (2 kg), malt (5 kg), vermiculite (5 kg), distilled water from charcoal (10 l), glucose (5 l) and FM far infrared powder.
NOVELTY - An energy recovery system including anaerobic digestion and steam supply and power plant using biogas produced by anaerobic digestion of livestock wastewater. Generally, biogas is used for only heating digestion tanks, so coefficient of biogas utilization is low. And the steam supply and power plant uses diesel oil or LNG, which has high cost, as energy source. Therefore, provided system uses both biogas and diesel oil to improve recovery efficiency of biogas, and to reduce the operation cost of steam supply and power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An energy recovery system is composed of following parts, a digestion part, for producing biogas by anaerobic digestion, consists of a drum screen (1), a flow equalization reservoir (2), an anaerobic digestion tank (4), and a biogas tank (5); a part for pre-treating biogas used as energy source, consists of a desulfurizing equipment and dewatering equipment; a part for producing power consists of an engine (150), a pressure controller, a gas-flowrate controller, and a controller to adjust diesel oil flowrate; a part for generating electric power by using power produced in the part for producing power; and a heat-exchanging part for utilization heat produced by operation of the engine (150).
NOVELTY - The base (126) of a cylinder, is fitted into a tube portion (116) that supplies fuel to a modifier comprising several modification catalyst layers. The flange portion of the cylinder, is welded to side portion (128) of a cover (124).    USE - In fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The leakage of fuel is prevented reliably using simple component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel reformer manufacturing apparatus that includes a fixing jig and a retention mechanism integrally mounted on a turntable. A welding unit welds the edge portion of the flange portion, that is held by the retention mechanism and side portion of the cover, that is held by the jig.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of fuel supplying tube in the fuel reformer.    Tube portion (116)    Cover (124)    Base (126)    Side portion (128)
NOVELTY - n-butane is subjected to dehydrogenation and isomerization in a single step, in presence of a catalyst, to obtain isobutene. The catalyst comprises a chrome compound on a zirconia group support. The support contains an oxide super strong acid.    USE - As raw material in chemical industries such as raw material for methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) used as anti-knock agent for gasoline, methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile and for polymers.    ADVANTAGE - The isobutene has high selectivity and yield. The high productivity of isobutene ensures effective usage of fossil resources and energy conservation.
NOVELTY - Composite fertilizer contains peat, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphoric fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, trace elements and biological bacterial manure. Preparation includes oxygenolysis and ammonization of peat, then complexation of the peat and nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus and trace elements, granulation and drying, and mixing the granulated material with biological bacterial manure.    USE - Used for increasing humus content and trace element content in poor and desert soil, storing soil moisture and retaining fertilizer, so that it is a high-efficiency, complete nutrient, multifunctional and pollution free composite fertilizer.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon reformation catalyst is formed by supporting (a) at least1 platinum group element selected from ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, palladium and iridium, and (b) a cobalt component and/or nickel component, on an alumina support containing cerium oxide.    USE - The catalyst is used in reforming of hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen or synthesis gas. The catalyst can be used in hydrogen production processes of fuel cells for e.g. vehicles, and in synthesis gas production for methanol synthesis, dimethyl ether formation, Fischer-Tropsch reactions etc.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has excellent activity and reforming is carried out efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) a steam reforming method of hydrocarbons by forming hydrogen or synthesis gas by steam reforming hydrocarbons using the catalyst; (2) an auto-heat reforming method of hydrocarbons using the catalyst; (3) partial oxidation reforming method of hydrocarbons using the catalyst; and (4) a carbon dioxide reforming method of hydrocarbons using the catalyst.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-containing product gas is produced from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons.    USE - Used for operating a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen in the required amount can be quickly produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a hydrogen-containing product gas (1) from liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons (2) in a reformer (3) comprises carrying out a partial oxidation of a first hydrocarbon stream (7) with a first oxygen-containing gas stream (8) in a combustion chamber (4) of the reformer to produce a first product gas stream (9) containing hydrogen; reforming a second hydrocarbon stream (11) with water (19) in the reformer to produce a second product gas stream (12) containing hydrogen; and mixing the two product gas streams to form a third product gas stream (13) in a mixing chamber (5). The third product gas stream is used to heat the reforming unit (6) of the reformer.    Preferred Features: The first and second product gas streams are mixed in a counter stream. The first and second product gas streams are regulated depending on the temperature in the reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the reforming process.    Hydrogen-containing product gas (1)    Liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons (2)    Reformer (3)    Combustion chamber (4)    Mixing chamber (5)    Reforming unit (6)    First hydrocarbon stream (7)    First oxygen-containing gas stream (8)    First product gas stream containing hydrogen (9)    Second hydrocarbon stream (11)    Second product gas stream containing hydrogen (12)    Third product gas stream (13)    Water (19)
NOVELTY - The monolithic fuel cell (10) has alternating fuel and oxygen channels (14a,14b). The fuel and oxygen channels are displaced laterally in relation to each other and the exposed end parts (38,40) are coated with electrically conductive material to form electrode connections. The cells are mounted in such a way that the oxygen and fuel channels of adjacent cells can be directly connected together.    USE - To provide a monolithic fuel cell that is commercially viable    ADVANTAGE - Compact design, relatively simple and cheap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing of a cross section through fuel cell    Fuel cell (10)    Channels (14a,14b)    Electrode connections (38,40)
NOVELTY - A consortium of bacterium Erwinia species GSB-TB 15/99 B and Arthtrobacter simplex GSB-TB 16/99 B taken in the ratio from 0.1:1 to 100:1. This consortium is effective in preparing fertilizer by means of aerobic and anaerobic cattle manure, avian dung processing and in treatment of subjects from petroleum products. Consortium shows favorably on soil and ecologically important biocenosis. Invention can be used for decomposition of petroleum products and organic substrate in vegetable raw and animal husbandry waste.    USE - Microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, ecology.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced efficiency of consortium.
NOVELTY - A method of recycling waste for producing carbide fuel is provided to recycle carbides generated by pyrolysis gasification at a low or high temperature in a sealed space as steam coal or activated carbon while gas generated by the pyrolysis is burned or exhausted.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method of recycling waste is started with a step of removing metal, non-combustible from waste such as sludge of municipal waste treatment facility(8). The waste from the above step is compressed in a given mold(1) and carbonized(2). The carbonized waste is pulverized(3) and screened according to the particle size(4), followed by either a step of activating the waste powder having a predetermined particle size by steam treatment, or a step of mixing the carbonized waste powder having a particle size of less than predetermined with an additive(5), and a step of molding the mixture(6), wherein the gas generated in the step (2) is collected in a gas combustion chamber(7) and completely burned to generate heat of higher than 1000deg.C, which is used as substitute energy through a heat exchanger.
NOVELTY - A steam separator (4) supplies water vapor to a modifier (1) having hydrogen rich reformed gas which is compressed by a compressor (2). Pressure swing adsorption apparatus (3) separates and refines hydrogen from pressurized reformed gas. The remaining pressurized reformed gas is partially sent to a burner (1a) and a combustor (6) which burns and transfers combustion exhaust gas to an exhaust gas cooler (7) for recycling.    USE - For use in fuel cell power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - The exhaust energy from the exhaust gas of the burner and combustor can be recovered, thereby improves energy efficiency. The remaining pressurized reformed gas after hydrogen refinement is reused by using combustor which burns the reformed gas and transduces combustion exhaust gas to the exhaust gas cooler.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen generator operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1)    Burner (1a)    Compressor (2)    Pressure swing adsorption apparatus (3)    Steam separator (4)    Combustor (6)    Exhaust gas cooler (7)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing method involves heating a heat carrier without catalytic activity in a heat exchanger. The heat carrier is then mixed with raw material gas, and then inserted into a modification reaction vessel. Modification reaction is accelerated using the sensible heat of the heat carrier, and hydrogen is produced.    USE - For producing hydrogen used in fuel cells and industries.    ADVANTAGE - Modification reaction is performed by combining the heat exchanger and the modification reaction device. Sensible heat of the heat carrier is used, and thus, temperature distribution of the modification catalyst is relieved. Hydrogen is produced by the heat carrier circulating system, with a high reaction rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen rich reformed gas accompanied by heat carrier , is passed to a cooler, and the heat carrier is separated from the reformed gas. The heat carrier is then recirculated to the heat exchanger. Heat carrier are metal vapor of lead, tin, zinc and mercury.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of the hydrogen manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A fluidized bed gasification furnace (11) contains waste material (2) mixed with oxygen and water vapor. The waste material is then thermally decomposed in the furnace (11) to produce gasification gas (3). A catalyst (19) is mixed with the sand layer (11a) of the furnace to accelerate production of gasification gas.    USE - For recovery of energy from organic waste, such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, industrial waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The ratio of gasification gas is increased and the heating value of gasification gas is made high and electricity generation efficiency of installation is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gasification power generation installation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of gasification power generation installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Waste material (2)    Gasification gas (3)    Fluidized bed gasification furnace (11)    Sand layer (11a)    Catalyst (19)
NOVELTY - The electricity generation system comprises water electrolysis apparatus and/or phosphoric acid type fuel cell. The apparatus electrolysis water, produces and stores hydrogen and oxygen gas. The gases are introduced into the cell during electric power generation. Hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel electrode of a battery. The oxygen gas or mixed gas of oxygen and air is supplied to air pole of battery.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The electricity generation system is novel and contributes to effective utilization of resources. Electricity is generated efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the load leveling effect of the electric power system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The co-generation system has a fuel cell (6) which uses hydrogen as heating gas and air as oxidizing agent, modifier (3) which reforms original heating gas and supplies reformed gas to fuel cell. The system has a fuel cell supply control valve (41) which controls amount of original heating gas supplied to modifier, and a combustion control valve (42) which controls amount of heating in heating apparatus (12).    USE - For supplying electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The co-generation system of small size, and improved durability, is provided. Generation of thermal effect in the modifier is reduced irrespective of the operation or ceasing of the fuel cell. Ignition of the heating apparatus of the modifier for every operation of the fuel cell is avoided, therefore the ignition failure is reduced and reliability of the co-generation system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The co-generation system has a control apparatus (95) which controls the operation of the fuel cell and the modifier independently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the co-generation system using the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    Fuel cell (6)    Heating apparatus (12)    Fuel cell supply control valve (41)    Combustion control valve (42)    Control apparatus (95)
NOVELTY - The system includes a pressure reduction valve (11) for maintaining the pressure of the hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell (2) at a predetermined pressure and a flow control valve (12) for adjusting the supply amount of hydrogen, both of which are provided in a hydrogen supply path (4) between a hydrogen storage tank (8) and the fuel cell.    USE - Electricity generation system provided with fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since supply of hydrogen to fuel cell is adjusted by flow control valve, fine control can be performed. Since working pressure of fuel cell is maintained by pressure reduction valve, the operation of the fuel cell is stabilized. Hence the system performs electricity generation stably depending on the load.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Hydrogen supply path (4)    Hydrogen storage tank (8)    Pressure reduction valve (11)    Flow control valve (12)
NOVELTY - A turbocharger (15) comprises a compressor (15a) connected to a compressed air supply line (11) and a turbine (15b) connected to an ejection gas line (17). The compressor produces compressed air which is cooled by an air cooled heat exchanger (14).    USE - For fuel cells used in motor vehicles, power station.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of compressed air sucked by the compressor is reduced, therefore efficiency of turbocharger is improved. Gas temperature supplied to turbocharger is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the compressed air supply apparatus.    Compressed air supply line (11)    Air cooled heat exchanger (14)    Turbocharger (15)    Compressor (15a)    Turbine (15b)    Ejection gas line (17)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has electrolyte film (21) arranged between anode (22) and cathode (23), which is a laminate of organic electrolyte layer (211) and inorganic electrolyte layer (212) having lower permeability for organic fuel than layer (211). The electrolyte layer (211) is arranged at anode side of fuel cell. Oxidizing agent gas is supplied to cathode and organic fuel is supplied to anode for power generation.    USE - As power supply for portable machines and vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As the electrolyte layer close to anode is impregnated with organic fuel and moisture, proton conductivity is maintained, thereby reducing internal resistance of battery and improving battery output. Mechanical strength of the electrolyte layer is improved, as both organic and inorganic electrolyte layers are adhered three-dimensionally.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal portion exploded perspective view of direct methanol fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolyte film (21)    Anode (22)    Cathode (23)    Organic electrolyte layer (211)    Inorganic electrolyte layer (212)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has fuel electrodes (2A), an oxidizing agent electrode, a catalyst and an electrolyte (1). Grooves (8A) for liquid fuel flow are provided at the boundary surface of the fuel electrodes.    USE - For motor vehicle, portable apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel is directly supplied to the catalyst layer of fuel electrode, without using a porous electrode substrate. The gas generated in the catalyst layer is quickly ejected out of the cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view and a horizontal sectional view of a fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolyte (1)    Fuel electrodes (2A)    Grooves (8A)
NOVELTY - The generator is equipped with a reformer (1), steam separator (2) and heat of hydration device. A regulator for adjusting opening of gas flow rate controlling valve (16) and steam flow control valve (13) depending on hydrogen load, is provided. A heat exchanger (40) and auxiliary electric heater (50) are provided in hydration device to heat water in steam separator with combustion exhaust gas of modifier.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The supply of steam is controlled by the fluctuation of hydrogen load, therefore the energy efficiency of hydrogen generator is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen generator is equipped with water vapor generator which has a reformer for modifying heating gas containing natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas, and methanol into hydrogen rich gas with water vapor, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) apparatus (5) which separates and refines hydrogen from reformed gas, steam separator and heat of hydration device. A fuel gas flow rate controlling valve and steam flow control valve are provided to heating gas supply line (14) and steam supply line (12), respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline schematic diagram of hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (1)    Steam separator (2)    Pressure swing adsorption apparatus (5)    Steam supply line (12)    Steam flow control valve (13)    Field heating gas supply line (14)    Field fuel gas flow rate controlling valve (16)    Heat exchanger (40)    Auxiliary electric heater (50)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has separators (14,16) consisting of oxidizing agent gas passageway grooves (48a,48b) and fuel gas passageway grooves (50a,50b), respectively. An inner side cooling medium flow line (60) is provided in the center of separators. An outer side cooling medium flow line (62a,62b) is provided on either sides of the separators in longitudinal direction.    USE - E.g., solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Unit fuel cell is cooled easily and reliably even when cooling medium flow path groove is not formed in a flat surface, thus size of cell stack is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of fuel cell stack. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separators (14,16)    Oxidizing agent gas passageway grooves (48a,48b)    Fuel gas passageway grooves (50a,50b)    Inner side cooling medium flow line (60)    Outer side cooling medium flow line (62a,62b)
NOVELTY - An amount of raw material gas containing methane is passed through the catalyst (1). The passed gas is heated by the heat obtained by combustion of hydrogen in exhaust gas. The oxidized gas reacts with methane to form hydrogen steam. The remaining raw material gas reacts with steam and modification catalyst (2) to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for fuel cells comprises: (i) a combustion furnace which burns the hydrogen which remains in the exhaust gas emitted from the fuel cell; (ii) a combustion catalyst (1) which burns a part of the raw material gas including a hydrocarbon; and (iii) a modification catalyst which generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas by reacting generated vapor and remaining raw material gas and using the heat generated by combustion in the combustion furnace.    USE - For fuel cells used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the heat generated by combustion of hydrogen in exhaust gas is used for heating raw material gas, the hydrogen utilization factor in fuel cell in improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalysts (1,2)    Burner (3)    Evaporator (4)    Vapor heater (5)    Air heater (6)    Raw material heater (7)    CO converter (8)
NOVELTY - A raw material dispenser (18) is supported directly under an insertion opening (14) of a cylindrical housing (12). The raw material diffuser of the dispenser has pyramid shaped top portion.    USE - For recycling organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - Since the raw material diffuses equally in the housing and a high temperature is maintained during combustion, clinker generation is suppressed. As the furnace comprises four parts, exchange operation and durability are enhanced. The environment pollution due to clinker is prevented reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the carbonization furnace.    Cylindrical housing (12)    Insertion opening (14)    Raw material dispenser (18)
NOVELTY - The vehicle main frame is provided with a tank (30) at top portion to store methanol and water, a modifier (32) to generate hydrogen and a fuel cell (33) at rear and front bottom portions. An electric motor (41) and transmission (42) are positioned underneath the modifier and fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell mounted motor cycle.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of tank, fuel cell, modifier, electric motor and transmission shortens the required connection piping and obtains sufficient electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system of the fuel cell mounted motor cycle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tank (30)    Modifier (32)    Fuel cell (33)    Electric motor (41)    Transmission (42)
NOVELTY - The tanks (4,5) with electrodes (6,7) respectively are accommodated inside a casing (2) which is sealed with a cover (3). A hydrogen cartridge (15) containing a hydrogen occlusion material, is arranged in the cover, and is connected to the tank (4) with a passage (12). The tank (5) is connected to the exterior with a passage (13).    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen occlusion material is accommodated in the hydrogen cartridge inside the sealed cover, the unit obtains a compact structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen cartridge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen gas occlusion unit.    Casing (2)    Cover (3)    Tanks (4,5)    Electrodes (6,7)    Passages (12,13)    Hydrogen cartridge (15)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen modifier (1) separates hydrogen from water vapor which reacts with a catalyst. The hydrogen gas which is released as a purge gas from modifier for 2 seconds to 5 minutes, after starting the modifier, is supplied to a boiler (4) which produces water vapor. After which, the produced hydrogen is supplied to a hydrogen storage tank (3) equipped with hydrogen occlusion alloy.    USE - For manufacturing highly pure hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of hydrogen occlusion alloy is effectively prevented, by supplying the hydrogen produced in post stage, in modifier, to the alloy and supplying the hydrogen produced in initial stage to boiler and hence a highly pure hydrogen is obtained and reduction in thermal efficiency of the system is prevented effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen gas which flows from hydrogen modifier, is supplied to a reactor packed with methanation catalyst which cools the hot hydrogen gas, in heat exchanger (2). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for manufacturing hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline view of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen modifier (1)    Heat exchanger (2)    Hydrogen storage tank (3)    Boiler (4)
NOVELTY - Nitrogen and phosphorus containing waste water is processed using microorganisms in an anaerobic tank. A sulfur compound is added to pre-treatment stage of anaerobic tank. Then, nitrogen and phosphorus are removed from the anaerobic tank and aerobic tank.    USE - For removing nitrogen and phosphorus contained in waste water such as city sewage, human waste, industrial liquid waste from iron manufacture and fertilizer, semiconductor industrial liquid waste, leather industrial waste etc,.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from waste water, stably and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows denitrification and dephosphorus of waste water.
NOVELTY - A compost mixed fertilizer contains 10-1000 parts (pts) of compost, 0.1-10 pts of aerobic bacteria, 0.05-10 pts of anaerobic microorganism and 1-50 pts of fertilizer containing chelate compound.    USE - As fertilizer for cereals such as wheat, rice, soybean or buckwheat (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The compost mixed fertilizer, provides metal to the agricultural products, reliably. The smell and taste of cereals are improved effectively. The fertilizer has preservative and antimold effect, thereby maintaining freshness for a longer period of time, and a reduction in quality is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for cereals, which are grow using the compost.
NOVELTY - A compost material comprises a saccharide retaining porous material. 50 weight.% (wt.%) or more of porous material retains 0.5 wt.% or more of saccharides. The porous material includes diatom earth, zeolite, vermiculite, pearlite, bentonite, activated carbon and/or charcoal. The saccharide includes glucose, fructose, sugar, oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides.    USE - For use in a compost which is used as fertilizer in cultivation of crops such as food crops, industrial crops, green manure crops, feed crops, and horticulture crops such as lawn grass, vegetable, fruit tree and ornamental plant.    ADVANTAGE - The high quality compost is effectively produced by recycling food processing waste material. The obtained compost is highly safe for use and has excellent fertilizer effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacture of compost by fermenting a mixture of food waste material and the compost material. The food waste material is food processing residue and/or organic refuse. The compost material is mixed with the food waste material such that the compost material does not exceed the weight of food waste material; and    (2) application of the compost which involves using the compost in cultivation of crops such as food crops, industrial crops, green manure crops and feed crops, and horticulture crops such as lawn grass, vegetable, fruit tree and ornamental plants.
NOVELTY - A compost material contains 0.5 weight% (wt.%) or more of saccharides, such as glucose, fructose, sugar, oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides with 50 wt.% or more of mixture containing porous material, such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite, vermiculite, pearlite, bentonite, activated carbon and/or charcoal.    USE - For cultivation of crops, such as food crops, industrial crops, green manure crops, feed crops, horticulture crops, such as lawn grass, vegetables, fruiting trees and ornamental plant (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The compost provides high-quality fertilization effect to crops and is highly safe, hence contributes to effective usage and environmental protection of resources.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for manufacturing of the compost material, which involves mixing saccharides, such as glucose, fructose, sugar, oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides and 50 wt.% or more of mixture containing porous material, such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite, vermiculite, pearlite, bentonite, activated carbon and/or charcoal with livestock excrement, such as excrements of cattle, pig, chicken, quail, horse, sheep and/or goat.
NOVELTY - The proposed method is based on the use of cold-tolerant, methane producing bacteria, living at atmospheric conditions of 5-30 degrees C. The fermenter unit comprises a bio-gas producing tank, wastewater inlet pipework, and a large diameter, sloping pipework for filling organic material. Gas is collected at the top of the tank, in a flexible rubber pillow'. The biologically treated wastewater is collected in a tank, strained and passed through a sand filter.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The proposed equipment is claimed to operate at remote locations, without the use of external energy sources. It deals with domestic wastewater and produces fertiliser, water for irrigation and bio-gas.
NOVELTY - Device for supplying fuel of a gas generating system (GS) to produce hydrogen-rich gas in a fuel cell system comprises two gas generating components (R1, R2); a common dosing unit (D) to convey fuel into each of the gas generating components using a valve control; and a fuel storage unit (S) which supplies the gas generating components with fuel during a switching process.    USE - Used in mobile fuel cells which operate with methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The device is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating the device. Preferred Features: A valve (V4) is arranged between the dosing unit and the first gas generating component (R1), a valve (V1) between the fuel storage unit and the dosing unit, a valve (V2) between the storage unit and the second gas generating component (R2), and a valve (V3) between the dosing unit and the second gas generating component to control the fuel stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the device.    dosing unit (D)    gas generating system (GS)    gas generating components (R1, R2)    fuel storage unit (S)    valves (V1-V4)
NOVELTY - Methylsilane is purified by providing a source of methylsilane containing impurities, adding the methylsilane to an adsorption unit (22), and collecting the purified methylsilane.    USE - The process is used for purifying methylsilane.    ADVANTAGE - The use of an adsorption process can remove impurities, particularly chlorosilanes and carbon dioxide, more effectively than known processes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic representation of the system used to purify methylsilane.    Adsorption unit (22)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack structured to use hydrogen to produce electricity; a steam reformer for reforming an organic fuel and for producing hydrogen for consumption through the stack; and a methanol splitting reactor for splitting methanol and producing hydrogen and hot waste gas. The methanol splitting reactor is connected to the reformer to deliver hot waste gases from the reactor and pre-heat the reformer. The methanol splitting reactor is connected to the fuel cell stack to deliver hydrogen to the stack.    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Cold start problems are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a fuel cell system. Preferred Features: The system further comprises a burner connected to the splitting reactor to deliver heat to the reactor and drive a methanol splitting reaction in the reactor. The burner contains a catalyst for chemical combustion of a fuel, preferably methanol or gasoline. A splitting catalyst, preferably made from 10-20 wt.% palladium on a ZrO2, Pr2O3 or CeO2 support. The reformer contains a copper or zinc catalyst. The system also comprises a carbon monoxide adsorber (38) and a reactor (18) for carrying out selective oxidation.
NOVELTY - Reactor structure comprise a stack of heat conducting plate elements (1a-1d) running on two closed side regions in a U-shape and arranged with its U-side edges lying over each other in the stack. The reactor layers are formed as tempering layers (3).    USE - Used as a reforming reactor for producing hydrogen in a fuel cell vehicle or in stationary fuel cells by reforming methanol or other material.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor structure is compact and pressure-stable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The plate elements have planar main surfaces and run in a curved manner on the closed side regions so that the inner side edges (6a) and the outer side edges (6b) are displaced from the main plate main surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic longitudinal section through the reactor structure.    tempering layers (3)    inner side edges (6a)    outer side edges (6b)
NOVELTY - The method involves introducing saturation material into at least one component (1) of a fuel cell by high pressure spraying of the saturation material (30) from a nozzle (20). The components include a membrane, a plate, an electrode, a gas diffusion layer or a separation arrangement and the saturation material is sprayed using a high pressure varying with time.    USE - For producing fuel cells and fuel cell components, especially polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, that are saturated in defined areas and sections.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes certain disadvantages of conventional arrangements, e.g. a special, time-consuming hardening step is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a saturated fuel cell component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a saturation device    Component (1)    Saturation material (30)    Nozzle (20)
NOVELTY - A process for separating and recovering ethene, ethane, propene and hydrogen from the gas mixture contain hydrocarbons includes absorption step to remove acidic gas from said gas mixture, adsorption step to divide said gas mixture into gas fraction A rich in ethene, ethane and propene and gas fraction B rich in hydrogen and methane, deeply refrigerating the A to obtain ethene, ethane, propene and heavier hydrocarbon, and adsorbing the B to obtain hydrogen and a gas rich in methane.
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen involves supplying one or more compounds (I) selected from hydrocarbons and/or their oxidation products to a reformer provided with a tubular catalyst (A), such that (I) firstly flows around the ouside of (A) then flows vectorially through the lumen of (A) (or vice-versa).    USE - The obtained hydrogen is specifically used in mobile systems (especially motor vehicles) or immobile systems; or converted in a fuel cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst (A) has a high active surface relative to its volume; has high selectivity and activity; and is easily handled, activated and regenerated. Typically a degree of conversion of methanol (as (I)) of more than 98% can be obtained. Hydrogen is obtained in high yield at relatively low temperature in a compact system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for apparatus for obtaining hydrogen in a conventional reformer, where the reformer contains a tubular catalyst (A).
NOVELTY - Temperature controller for reformer (4) supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell (1) feeding a vehicles electric motor (2). A low power (100 watt) auxiliary fuel cell (7) is connected to the electric heater (6) of the reformer (4) to maintain its temperature. The auxiliary fuel cell is also used to supply low electrical energy consumption components in the vehicle. The hydrogen for the auxiliary fuel cell comes from an auxiliary reformer (8) fed with a fuel. .    USE - For maintaining temperature of a vehicles hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - Gives immediate starting of fuel cell in a simple way for most of working conditions..    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel feeding the auxiliary reformer comes from the principal fuel cell (1) reservoir (5). or from an auxiliary reservoir. A controller (12) with timer operates the auxiliary fuel cell (7) during a predetermined time after operation of the principal fuel cell has stopped.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show a block diagram of the systems components (the drawing contains non-English language text).    principal fuel cell (1)    electric motor (2)    vehicle wheels (3)    reformer (4)    principal fuel tank (5)    heater (6)    auxiliary fuel cell (7)    auxiliary reformer and fuel reservoir (8)    junction (9)    tapped connection (10)    auxiliary vehicle supply (11)    controller (12)
NOVELTY - A filter system (10) comprises a filter bed (32) consisting of non-compostable porous, particulate material, and contains microorganisms capable of digesting the odor-causing substance. It also includes an air inlet (47) for conducting air into the filter-bed.    USE - For removing organic, odor-causing substances from air, e.g. exhaust air from thermophilic bacterial digestion of waste matter (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention effectively removes odor-causing substances from air, while requiring less filter bed maintenance and replacement than in the prior art systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of filtering air containing odor-causing substances comprising providing a filter bed; inoculating the filter bed with a culture of microorganisms; and passing the air through the filter bed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filter system.    Filter system (10)    Support (20)    Roof (28)    Filter bed (32)    Air inlet (47)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen sulfide trap comprises a monolith substrate on which is disposed zinc oxide, and a metal or oxide chosen from copper, nickel, iron and/or manganese dispersed on a support.    USE - The trap is used for reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in gaseous streams.    ADVANTAGE - A trap containing zinc component with copper compound dispersed on the support ensures efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous streams to very low levels, such as below 100 ppb, preferably below 20 ppb. The trap effectively treats gas streams of different temperatures, so that gas streams arising from different sources/applications can be accommodated. The trap is operated more efficiently when the gaseous sulfur components in the gas stream prior to contact with the trap are primarily hydrogen sulfide. The trap polishes the gaseous stream efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream.    (b) System for producing hydrogen for photoelectro magnetic (PEM) fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The method involves converting a fuel containing hydrocarbons at least partly into solid carbon. A gaseous fuel containing hydrocarbons can be used that is a gas at room temperature (25 degrees C) and normal pressure (1 bar). A continuously operated methane replacement reaction takes place. The waste heat from a fuel cell is at least partly fed to the methane replacement reaction.    USE - For operating a high power fuel cell power station with reduced carbon dioxide emissions.    ADVANTAGE - The production of liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide is almost completely eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: an arrangement for implementing the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a solid oxide high temperature fuel cell system    natural gas (1)    compressors (2,9)    methane replacement device (3)    waste gas flow (4)    hydrogen (5)    air (8)    air pre-heater (10)    useful heat converter (12)
NOVELTY - An equipment for garbage fermentation and decomposition is provided, in which moisture is appropriately maintained by discharging moisture in a fermentation vessel so that activity conditions of microorganisms required for the extinction of garbage are optimized, and odor generated inside the fermentation vessel is effectively controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The equipment for garbage fermentation and decomposition comprises a fermentation vessel (100) for storing and fermenting garbage; a cooler (300) for cooling gas generated in the fermentation vessel so that odor is combined with moisture contained in the gas, thereby draining the odor contained moisture to the outside; a heater (700) for heating the air introduced from the outside so that the air is injected into the fermentation vessel; a compressor (800) for supplying the coolant in the high temperature and pressure conditions to the heater after compressing a coolant so that it is reached to the high temperature and pressure conditions; and a cooling fan (900) for supplying the coolant in the low temperature and pressure conditions to the cooler after changing the coolant in the high temperature and pressure conditions coming out through the heater into a coolant in the low temperature and pressure conditions, wherein a cooling cycle is accomplished in the garbage fermentation equipment where the coolant in the low temperature and pressure conditions coming out through the cooler is supplied to the compressor.
NOVELTY - Provided is a process of manufacturing alcohol fermentation feed using green tea, yellow earth and lactic ferments, thereby providing beef meat of low-calorie and low-cholesterol to prevent various adult diseases, and reducing its production costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The alcohol fermentation feed is manufactured by the steps of: stirring rice bran, wheat bran, and sesame dreg in a fermentor for i hour; adding brewers' grains thereto and mixing and stirring them for 30 minutes; adding pumpkin juice thereto then mixing and stirring them for 1 hour; dipping 100g of green tea leaves in 400Lof cold water for the extraction; adding the extraction thereto then mixing and stirring them for 20 minutes; adding water, which is prepared by dissolving 300g of yeast and probiotics and 500g of sugar in water for 4 hours, thereto then mixing and stirring them at 50 deg.C for 4 hours; adding earth clay, salt, calcium, urea and vitamin thereto then stirring them for 1 hour; adding 80kg of rice straw cut in a size of 5cm thereto then stirring them for 2 hours; mixing and stirring them 3-4 times, each time for 20 minutes, with adding 200g of post-fermentation enzyme; and packing post-fermenting them for 4-7 days to produce Bifidobacterium.
NOVELTY - The gas sensitive portion of a gas detector, is set to a purge temperature, when switching over different detection temperatures.    USE - For operating gas detector for detecting gas such as CO, isobutane, methane, hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - Enables detecting gas at different temperatures, effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gas detector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the time dependent temperature change condition of the gas sensitive portion. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A catalyst is adhered to the metallic oxide sintered compact carrier (13) to which coil (12) of platinum wire is adhered. A paste comprising a mixture of metallic oxide powder, resin, organic solvent and an inorganic binder, is adhered to the coil and sintered to obtain gas sensor.    USE - For manufacturing gas sensor used in gas leakage alarm for detecting explosive gas components, such as methane, propane gases leaked in the atmosphere, .    ADVANTAGE - Tensile strength of the sensor is increased, by the coupling of alumina particles with silica inorganic binder. Failure in assembly process is reduced. The drop resistance is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of gas sensor.    Coil (12)    Carrier (13)
NOVELTY - The output value of a gas sensor and a fire sensor are stored periodically in a memory. A test switch is operated in response to a control signal from a CPU, for applying test voltage to the gas sensor and fire sensor at specified interval, to detect whether the sensors are operating normally.    USE - For testing gas leakage alarm unit that emits alarm when combustible gas such as CO, CH4 are detected.    ADVANTAGE - The gas leakage alarm unit is examined easily and reliably, with less labor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Test voltage is applied to gas and fire sensors by operating a test switch to detect whether the sensors are operating normally. A CPU detects the presence of gas such as CH4, when the output of sensors exceed a standard value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart explaining gas leakage alarm unit testing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An air supply path (7) is provided between anodes (5) of a cell (2) and a hydrogen gas supply path (6) is provided between cathodes (4) of the cell. Insulators (8) seal the air supply path and the hydrogen gas supply path respectively.    USE - Stack type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the supply paths are sealed using the insulators, the need for separators are avoided thus length of the fuel cell is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of stack type fuel cell.    Cell (2)    Cathodes (4)    Anodes (5)    Hydrogen gas supply path (6)    Air supply path (7)    Insulators (8)
NOVELTY - The alcohol vapor is formed by evaporating aqueous alcohol solution. The alcohol vapor and water vapor are mixed in a modifier to form a heating gas. The heating gas is supplied to the main portion (10) of the fuel cell to generate electricity.    USE - For generating electricity for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The used alcohol solution is recycled without causing environmental pollution. Therefore cost reduction is achieved. The amount of electric power used is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The alcohol solution is chosen from methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and/or n-propyl alcohol.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell power generating device;    (b) Recycling method of the used alcohol solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing include non-English language text).    Main portion of fuel cell (10)
NOVELTY - A gas maintained at a temperature range of 463-493K is supplied into a fuel cell (40) for power generation.    USE - For generating power.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of power generation is improved. A highly reliable energy converter is obtained by effectively utilizing the heat of combustible gas, generated by gasification of solid organic substance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of power generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (40)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide (CO) absorber (8) adds CO absorbent solution to hydrogen contained gas to remove the CO in hydrogen contained gas, so that the concentration of hydrogen in hydrogen contained gas is increased. The electricity is generated by reacting oxygen with concentrated hydrogen gas.    USE - Fuel cell power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of fuel cell power generation system is improved, since the power is generated using concentrated hydrogen gas. The complicated control for power generation system is simplified and manufacturing cost is also reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of fuel cell power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon monoxide absorber (8)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a hydrogen generator (21), a fuel cell (8) and a burner (9). The burner burns the hydrogen in the off gas ejected from the fuel cell.    USE - For motor vehicle and small scale power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen in off gas is burnt and hence safely is ensured. The ejection of Nox, is prevented and hence environment cleanliness is enhanced. The heat generated while combusting the off gas is used for conversion of water vapor to water and heating air and heating of fuel, and hence energy is conserved and efficient fuel cell system is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (8)    Burner (9)    Hydrogen generator (21)
NOVELTY - An oxygen pole is maintained at acidic atmosphere by mixing carbon dioxide in oxidizing agent gas supplied to the oxygen pole.    USE - For recovery of characteristics of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell used for consumer applications.    ADVANTAGE - The deterioration of fuel cell due to impurity ions such as metal ion is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the characteristics of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A desulfurizer is attached or detached by self-closing type detachable couplings on upper and lower sides of the desulfurizer.    USE - Hydrogen formation apparatus for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - By opening and closing the shut-off valves simultaneously, the inflow of water is prevented. Desulfurizers are attached or detached quickly and easily, by providing self-closing type detachable couplings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A supply unit supplies raw materials containing sulfur compound and hydrocarbon through the desulfurizer, to a hydrogen generator. The shut-off valves are provided between supply unit and self-closing type detachable couplings at the upper and lower sides of the desulfurizer and the hydrogen generator. A controller opens and closes the shut-off valves, simultaneously during start and stop of supply of raw materials. An inert gas feed zone is connected between the shut-off valve adjacent to lower side coupling and the hydrogen generator. A zeolite absorbent is filled in the desulfurizer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of self-closing type detachable coupling in connection condition.
NOVELTY - A cell is cultivated and far infrared radiation is radiated for promoting the growth of cell.    USE - For promoting growth of a cell such as useful microorganism and animal cell for use in fermented food/beverage manufacture such as wine, beer, soy sauce, yogurt and vinegar, processing industrial waste and marine pollution and in pharmaceutical field.    ADVANTAGE - The proliferation of cell is accelerated effectively, irrespective of type of cells. A large scale of cells can be proliferated from trace amount of cells. The growth promotion method is mild to the cell and the cell is supplied stably without increasing the culture cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic explanatory drawing of growth promotion of cell.    Culture container (10)    Far infrared radiation heater panel (11)
NOVELTY - Biogas plant feeding device comprising a storage vessel for organic material containing a conveying and/or mixing device and a feed channel for receiving the organic material is arranged below the storage vessel with a plunger in the channel to feed the material to the biogas plant, is new.    USE - Used for fermentable organic material.    ADVANTAGE - The organic material can be dosed in a controlled manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Biogas plant feeding device comprising a storage vessel for organic material containing a conveying and/or mixing device and a feed channel for receiving the organic material is arranged below the storage vessel with a plunger in the channel to feed the material to the biogas plant. The conveying and/or mixing device consists of rotating shafts with conveying and/or mixing elements fixed to them. The storage vessel tapers downwardly to the feed channel. The feed channel has a circular cross-section and the plunger has a cylindrical cross-section. A blocking element is fixed to the outlet end of the feed channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the feeding device.    storage vessel (4)    conveying and/or mixing device (5)    rotating shafts (6, 7)    conveying and/or mixing elements (8)    feed channel (10)    plunger (14)
NOVELTY - A biofermenter unit comprising a substrate container and a gas-tight cover foil, where the latter extends downwards below the liquid level and is joined liquid-tight to the inner surface of the substrate container, is new.    USE - For production of biogas methane.    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion protection of the substrate container wall is achieved in a simpler and more cost effective manner than in known comparable biofermenter equipment.
NOVELTY - Production of a fluid flow field plate (100) comprising at least one expanded graphite sheet of area weight A involves forming at least one flow channel (104) and at least one landing (102) associated with the flow channel in at least one major surface of the sheet. Web thickness (118) of the plate is above A/(1.8 g/cc), preferably above A/(1.6 g/cc).    USE - For electronic cells, such as fuel cells, and particularly in solid oxide electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The plates have adequate strength, flexibility and impermeability and ensure adequate imaging of embossed features    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Each flow channel (104) has channel depth to channel width ratio less than 1, and has draft angle (112) of 7-15 degrees. The flow channel (104) is formed by embossing the sheet, preferably at less than atmospheric pressure. After flow channel formation, the plate (100) can be impregnated with resin selected from phenols, epoxies, melamines, furans and methacrylates.    When the area weight of the expanded graphite sheet is around 0.2 g/square cm, 0.06-0.1 g/square cm and around 0.07 g/square cm, the ratio of the channel depth to landing width of the plate is at most 3, at most 1.2 and at most 1, respectively.    When at least one flow channel (104) and at least one landing (102) are formed in both major surfaces of the sheet, flow channel and landing dimensions in one main surface are different from those in the other main surface.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a fluid field plate made according to the invented process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of a portion of a fluid flow plate according to the invention.    Plate (100)    Landing (102)    Flow channel (104)    Draft angle (112)    Web thickness (118)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell plates arranged in a stack includes several alignment holes (15). A pin (14) comprising a flange (18) aligns the plates by inserting and supporting the flange radially between two bottom plates through the alignment holes.    USE - Plate module for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The pin is made of dielectric material such as plastic or glass having low coefficient of friction, thereby permitting free movement of the plates over the cells. The pins are held in place by securing the flange between an adjacent pair of bottom plates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell plates alignment method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the plate module.    Pin (14)    Alignment holes (15)    Flange (18)
NOVELTY - Secondary working fluid gas introduced into upper cycle is compressed and expanded to produce power. Primary working fluid mixture introduced into lower cycle is compressed in polytropic process, isobarically heated and adiabatically expanded to produce refrigerant and power. The secondary working fluid gas is cooled and liquefied using the generated refrigerant, to facilitate rejection of waste heat.    USE - For transforming thermal energy into mechanical energy in heat pump. The system is used effectively in superconductivity technology.    ADVANTAGE - Large amount of refrigerant and power are generated simultaneously. The system utilizes low temperature heat sources including solar, ambient air, sea water, geothermal heat and effectively liquefies several gases. The system does not pollute the environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the thermodynamic power and cryogenic refrigeration system.
NOVELTY - The invention proposes a new protein producer. The latter is a consortium of bacterial strain Rhodococcus erythropolis VKPM-1379 and yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera BKPM Y-2173 taken in the ratio (1:10) - (1:5). The consortium is cultured in nutrient medium containing alcoholic mash as production waste and grain raw. This provides to utilize food industry waste and protein yield in the end product to 65 % simultaneously.    USE - Biotechnology, microbiology.    ADVANTAGE - The new protein producer increases the yield of protein. 1 tbl
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to a system for the extraction and oxidation of landfill gas (LFG) using microorganism layer, more particularly a system for the extraction and oxidation of landfill gas (LFG) in which microorganism layer of which components are composed of materials having large specific surface area, high porosity, and high water permeability coefficient is constructed beneath intermediate layer to control the injection of critical reaction factors such as air, temperature, moisture content, pH related materials and nutrients, whereby effectively treating LFG containing hazardous gases, greenhouse gases, VOCs during land filling operations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a landfill site where a microorganism layer is constructed beneath intermediate layer, the microorganism layer comprises mixed materials having a specific surface area over 30m2/g, a water permeability over 1.0x10-3cm/sec, and porosity over 30%.
NOVELTY - The powder of stevia plant is added to a compost raw material and the mixture is fermented to obtain a compost.    USE - For manufacture of compost from stevia plant.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces a good quality compost, in a short period of time from plant without bad odor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the compost manufacturing apparatus.
NOVELTY - Liner-scrap circulation unit (10) is provided to circulate liner-scrap (5) obtained from barn conveyor (8) to a cutter (1A) arranged at the top of a tank (2).    USE - For fermenting mixture of excreta of cattle, horse with liner-scrap such as wooden chips, bamboo chips obtained from barn, cow shed, for compost production.    ADVANTAGE - Since the circulation unit maintains the desired amount of supply of liner-scrap to the cutter, sufficient thickness of liner-scrap layer for retaining optimum heat for enabling fermentation is achieved. Hence a compost is formed within a short period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of fermentation apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline view of the fermentation apparatus.    Cutter (1A)    Tank (2)    Liner-scrap (5)    Barn conveyor (8)    Liner-scrap circulation unit (10)
NOVELTY - A stirring blade (30) is rotated along a stir rotation axis (3) which is arranged in the center section of a treatment tank (2). Several ceramic balls (20) accommodated in the tank are stirred using the stirring blade.    USE - Organic refuse processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Enables decomposing the organic refuse without generating a bad smell. The stirring blade is rotated smoothly. Ejection of the organic refuse during the decomposition, is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the organic refuse processing apparatus.    Treatment tank (2)    Stir rotation axis (3)    Ceramic balls (20)    Stirring blade (30)
NOVELTY - The organic waste processing method involves feeding organic waste into a container placed in a fermentation processing apparatus and performing heat fermentation. Container main portion (1) has fermentation promoter (6) capable of activating water-resistance property in a wet condition and a biodegradable corrugated board.    USE - For processing organic waste such as organic refuse and used paper diaper.    ADVANTAGE - The organic waste processing method prevents release of foul smell. The waste is treated safely in a neat manner, preventing soiling of hands and the environment. Waste treatment method is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The biodegradable corrugated board is impregnated with a water-proof agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagrams of the container in closed condition, container having lid in open condition and main portion of the container. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Container main portion (1)    Fermentation promoter (6)
NOVELTY - The garbage disposer has a pipe-shaped, stirring drum (10) arranged inside a fermenter (2). The shaft of the drum is rotated by a motor. The drum has several holes for passage of steam. The drum stirs, heats and dries organic refuse contained in the fermenter, in several directions.    USE - For disposing garbage consisting of organic refuse generated in dining rooms, houses, schools, hospitals, hotels, farms, pasture, in order to produce fodder and compost.    ADVANTAGE - Since the pipe-shaped, rotary stirring drum has several steam passage holes, steam ejected through the hole in several directions enables drying the refuse within a short time. Since the stirring drum serves as the drying machine, efficiency of heat transfer to the organic refuse is enhanced. Hence, transportation of water content from the refuse is enhanced and fermentation is performed rapidly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the garbage disposer.    Fermenter (2)    Stirring drum (10)
NOVELTY - Catalyst comprises alkaline earth metal, titanium, nickel and ruthenium. The alkaline earth metal and titanium in the catalyst form a composite metallic oxide of perovskite structure. The atomic ratio of alkaline earth metal and titanium is 1:1.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen by modification of coke oven gas and water vapor (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is not affected by the influence of hydrogen sulfide contained in coke oven gas, therefore the catalytic activity of the catalyst is sustained for longer duration. Hydrogen can be manufactured effectively and inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen and the reaction of coke oven gas and water vapor.
NOVELTY - Compost manufacturing system includes water jackets (9,10) provided to the periphery of fermenter (36). A boiler (1) supplies warm water to the jacket. The warm water is supplied from the boiler to the fermenter through distribution pipes (22-26) to accelerate fermentation of the organic refuse.    USE - For fermenting organic refuse from foodstuffs factory, restaurant, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Installation cost and running cost of the system is reduced greatly by providing boiler for supplying hot water to water jacket of the fermenter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of compost manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Boiler (1)    Water jackets (9,10)    Distribution pipes (22-26)    Fermenter (36)
NOVELTY - The compost manufacturing device has a treatment tank (1) with a central vertical shaft (4). A sideways blade (8) extends radially from each of a number of stirring blades (7) provided in the shaft in multi-tiers. A longitudinal blade (9) arranged near inner peripheral wall surface of tank, connects tips of each pair of vertically adjacent sideways blades. A downwardly narrowing stir region is formed.    USE - For manufacturing compost using organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - Improves crushing efficiency of organic waste and stirring efficiency of organic waste and microorganism mixture. Enables to maintain favorable growth condition of microorganisms. Eliminates causes for bad smell by enabling to rise temperature in treatment time to a constant value within short time without using any heat appliance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vertical front view of compost manufacturing device.    Treatment tank (1)    Central vertical shaft (4)    Stirring blades (7)    Sideways blade (8)    Longitudinal blade (9)
NOVELTY - Dry-type methane fermentation is initiated by mixing an anaerobically digested sludge (3) drawn-out from a methane fermentation tank (2) with a fiber-containing organic substance (6) in a mixer (5), introducing the obtained mixture back to the methane fermentation tank without stirring, and methane fermenting the mixture having total solid concentration of 15-40%.    USE - For producing heat or electricity using bio-gas obtained by methane fermentation of organic waste, such as organic refuse and livestock waste.    ADVANTAGE - The method utilizing waste paper effectively adjusts total solid concentration, enables anaerobic treatment of sludge in low concentration and proliferates microorganism in tank. The method stably and efficiently initiates dry type methane fermentation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of initiation of dry-type methane fermentation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Methane fermentation tank (2)    Anaerobically digested sludge (3)    Mixer (5)    Fiber-containing organic substance (6)
NOVELTY - Several air supply units (25) which supplies oxygen to a processed material (T) are accommodated inside a fermenter (1). A stopper (26) which permits passing through of processed material but blocks passing through of air supply units through an outlet (4) of fermenter, is provided in the fermenter.    USE - For fermenting and composition of process material containing sludge.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for supplying air supply unit into fermenter repeatedly, as exit of air supply units through outlet of fermenter is prevented by stopper.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for air supply unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of fermentation device.    Fermenter (1)    Outlet (4)    Air supply unit (25)    Stopper (26)    Processed material (T)
NOVELTY - Sludge sedimentation is improved by supersaturated-dissolving of sludge with a gas, reducing pressure of supersaturated sludge, floating aerobic bacteria in reduced sludge and precipitating residual sludge.    USE - For sludge disposal, especially in biological waste water treatments.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables effective sludge sedimentation, by preventing bulking by filamentous fungi and changing sludge characteristic to normal or negative pressure. A supersaturation of sludge improves sedimentation property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a sludge disposal apparatus (1), which comprises a dissolution tank (5) for forming sludge under pressurized supply of gas, and an aerator that enables supersaturation by dissolution of the gas. The outlet from the dissolution tank is equipped with a degassing tank (13) and has a flotation unit to separate the bacteria which reduces pressure and levitates the gas supersaturated dissolved sludge. A sedimentation basin which is supplied with the sludge ejected from the degassing tank enables solid-liquid separation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire block diagram of sludge sedimentation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sludge disposal apparatus (1)    Dissolution tank (5)    Degassing tank (13)
NOVELTY - Processed refuse solid fuel (5) is dry-distilled to a defined shape, by crushing the refuse, drying and molding to form carbonized material (2). The material is cooled with water vapor by sprinkling water at 500degreesC or more.    USE - To obtain carbonized material from solid fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The ratio of cooling by water sprinkling is controlled and increase in moisture content of carbonized material is eluded. The carbonized material has high quality and excellent activity as activated carbon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing apparatus of carbonized material. The apparatus comprises a screw conveyor (3) which conveys dry-distilled carbonized material from carbonization furnace (1). The furnace is of internal combustion-type and has a blower for water vapor or carbon dioxide gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of carbonized material.    Carbonization furnace (1)    Carbonized material (2)    Screw conveyor (3)    Refuse solid fuel (5)
NOVELTY - The food refuse from a store (1) is collected, and the primary compost is produced. The rice bran is mixed with the primary compost in a predetermined ratio.    USE - For recycling food refuse such as cooking waste, collected from store, lunch box and restaurants, to utilize for crop cultivation.    ADVANTAGE - As the scrap food is used for producing fertilizer used for cultivating the crops, the recycling of scrap food is performed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) scrap food recycling information management system; and    (2) an organic fertilizer manufacturing apparatus which produces the organic fertilizer from the mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the scrap food recycling information management system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Store (1)
NOVELTY - A waste paper and plastic material containing chlorine absorbed substance is washed with aqueous solution of reactant, and chlorine absorbed substance is eluted into aqueous solution. Dechlorination of aqueous solution is performed by heating and subsequently, thermal decomposition is performed using thermal decomposition processing apparatus.    USE - For manufacture of solid fuel from waste paper and plastic material such as magazines, newspapers.    ADVANTAGE - By cleaning process, the chlorine absorbed substance is removed. Hence reaction of hydrogen chloride with chlorine absorbed substance during thermal decomposition is prevented. As the result hydrogen chloride is removed efficiently and fuel with chlorine content less than that of reference standard chlorine concentration of fuel of paper pulp and steel industries can be obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the assembly of chlorine absorbed substance washing apparatus and dechlorination apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Gas passageway (1-2) is formed between structurally separated peak portions (2) on a flat plate (1) made of carbon. Density of the center section of the peak portion is lower than that of side portion.    USE - Gas diffusion electrode for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Mechanical strength, gaseous diffusion property and electrical conductivity of the gas diffusion electrode are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gas diffusion electrode manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas diffusion electrode.    Flat plate (1)    Gas passageway (1-2)    Structurally separated peak portions (2)
NOVELTY - Hazardous waste (with C:N ratio of 10:1 to 35:1, preferably 30:1, moisture content of 40-60%, preferably 50%, with a preferable density of 700 kg/ cm.m.) is loaded in a loosely packed state into a fermentation chamber. The chamber is provided with forced ventilation, to ensure accelerated fermentation of the waste material. During fermentation the air supply is controlled automatically, to maintain the oxygen concentration in the chamber above 1.5% by volume. The temperature of the waste material in the chamber is maintained at a minimum of 65 deg.C for at least 72 hours.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A gas hood support with a suction unit, for biogas reactors, comprises a tubular central support (8) and a gas-tight head plate (6) in the head region, with tensioning cords (7). The tube (12) and the support foot (9) are connected via a sludge catchment unit (10).    USE - Used as a gas hood support for a biogas reactor.    ADVANTAGE - The support is reliable and economical to produce.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the support.    Head plate (6)    Tensioning cords (7)    Support (8)    Foot (9)    Catchment unit (10)    Tube (12)
NOVELTY - A garage-like fermenter comprising a base with a slope in the direction of the rear wall, where a run-off groove is formed in the base next to the rear wall, is new.    USE - Used for methanation of biomass.    ADVANTAGE - Odorous emissions are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A garage-like fermenter comprising:    (1) a base with a slope running towards the center;    (2) a run-off groove formed in the center;    (3) an external feeder is provided for coenzymes which are uniformly fed into a percolate stream and distributed over the biomass surface;    (4) treatment tools integrated in the fermenter, where biogas produced is suctioned off and stored, is new.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fermenter. (The drawing includes non-English language text.)
NOVELTY - Process for the methanation of biogenic lumpy material in dry fermenters comprising forming loosened pressed ball-like lumpy material, is new.    USE - Used for the methanation of biogenic lumpy material in dry fermenters.    ADVANTAGE - Percolate can be recirculated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process comprising:    (a) a flexible casing in the form of a yarn or wettable bond surrounds the lumpy material;    (b) perforated base plates on which the bulky material can be placed and perform supporting and transporting functions;    (c) a perforated cylinder arranged in the center of the device; and    (d) a locking device arranged between the cylinder and the base so that the base can retract.
NOVELTY - Preparation of nutritional fertilizer combining organic, inorganic, microbial and regulating agent, comprises action of quick ripening agent on organic matter in fermentation, inorganic fertilizer,active P, active K and nitrogen fixation bacteria in cofermentation, decomposing the organic fertilizer, changing into organic fertilizer, dewatering, drying, adding micro elements, and pelletizing.    USE - Suitable for e.g. various vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, crops.    ADVANTAGE - High fertilizer efficiency, improving soil quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of complete nutritional fertilizer which combines organic, inorganic, microbial and regulating agent, comprises action of quick ripening agent on organic matter in fermentation, mixing with inorganic fertilizer, addition of active P, active K and nitrogen fixation bacteria in cofermentation, and decomposing the organic fertilizer into small molecular substances, changing inorganic fertilizer into organic fertilizer, dewatering, drying, adding micro elements, and pelletizing to product.
NOVELTY - A microbe fertilizer (I) with nitrogen fixating and phosphorine and potassium decomposing functions.    USE - (I) is used as a microbe fertilizer which can fixate nitrogen and decompose phosphorine and potassium.    ADVANTAGE - (I) has high adaptability and stability, causes no pollution to soil, no by-effects to people and animals, and increases the yield of crops.
NOVELTY - An efficient liquid fertilizer is prepared from salt of humic acid and 'OA', a new high-technological product, through activating, physiological and biochemical reaction with a bioenzyme and microbe, decomposition, synthesis and concentration, and features short productive period, high fertility, no poison and harm, improving soil, transforming the elements difficult to dissolve into chelated plant nutrients, and increasing yield of crops.
NOVELTY - A gas fuel contains dimethylether (70-85%) and C5 hydrocarbons or light oil (15-30%).    ADVANTAGE - Low cost, low pressure of liquefied gas, high combustion value and less SO2, CO and methanol generated after combustion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gas fuel is prepared from industrial coarse methanol through heating in reactor, pressurizing, addition of catalyst to obtain dimethylether, purifying, liquefying, mixing with C5 hydrocarbon or light oil and loading in cylinders,
NOVELTY - A method for producing compound organic fertilizer includes puffing plant stalk (or straw) and fermentation for 2-48 hr for full transform of plant stalk (or straw) to nutrients, and features rich and cheap raw materials, no need of special apparatus, and no environmental pollution.
NOVELTY - A liquid reactant flow field plate (1) has straight liquid channels (2) formed in one of the two opposing major surfaces. The channels extend between two opposing edges of the plate. Each liquid channel has an open width less than 0.75 mm and a length to the cross-sectional area ratio ranging between about 2180:1 and 6200:1.    USE - Liquid feed fuel cells with liquid reactant flow plate e.g. liquid feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Satisfactory performance is obtained at high current densities, also by using straight channels of specific width in flow field plates to direct liquid reactants/coolants into the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of the liquid reactant flow field plate for a gaseous feed solid polymer fuel cell.    Liquid reactant flow field plate (1)    Liquid channels (2)
NOVELTY - A GR-2000 organic general fertilizer comprising a composted compound based on organic waste, where its vegetable matter retains its nutrient characteristics, for effective fertilizing, is new.
NOVELTY - Decreasing sulfur levels in mercaptan containing hydrocarbon feedstream comprises passing over fixed bed catalyst comprising non-reducible metal oxide or group VIIIB metal promoted group VIB catalyst in three phase gas/liquid/solid system decomposing mercaptans to olefins and hydrogen sulfide off gas in the presence of hydrogen or inert gas as stripping gas and disengaging the hydrocarbon feed from the off gas.    USE - For reducing the sulfur level of motor fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Loss of product octane is minimized.
NOVELTY - A reformer (22) generates and supplies reformate gas containing hydrogen to a fuel cell (26). A gas supply device (19) supplies high temperature gas containing a fuel component for reforming action to the reformer, when the drive system starts up.    USE - For driving fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A stable reformate gas composition is obtained when the fuel cell drive system starts up. The start up time of a fuel cell and reformer, is shortened. Discharge of nitrous oxide is suppressed and heat withstanding performance is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell drive system showing start up running state.    Gas supply device (19)    Reformer (22)    Fuel cell (26)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell installation with improved exploitation of the reaction gas in the process gas contains a fuel cell stack through which the process flows. There is a variable mass transfer coefficient in the transfer flow transverse to the flow direction of the process gas. The transfer flow increases in the flow direction of the process gas. The fuel cell stack comprises PEM fuel cell units. The fuel cell stack comprises HT PEM fuel cell units. There is a process gas supply of at least two fuel cell units which each comprise a membrane with an electrode coating on both sides and at least one pole plate for the boundary of the fuel cell unit.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - a more efficient and effective stack with better reaction gas exploitation so that a maximum of reaction gas from the process gas is made available to the active cell surfaces
NOVELTY - Perforated rectangular plates (11) are arranged in parallel by an intermediate structure having inner cooling liquid channels and groups of outer gas distribution channels. The outer channels are separated by ridges which are secured to one of the plates. The plates are sealingly secured with the intermediate structure. End distribution manifolds (25,25') have conduits to interconnect the inner and outer channels.    USE - For construction of fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - As the hydrogen and oxidant gas channels are isolated from one another by water cooling channels, good distribution of gas and oxidant as well as the cooling liquid is realized. Since the manifolds are made of plastic, manufacturing cost of the bipolar separator plate assembly is reduced. As the conduits of manifolds interconnect the gas distribution channels together and liquid channels together, each plate assembly can be easily interconnected in a stacked form to form fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of liquid cooled bipolar separator plate assembly.    Perforated rectangular plate (11)    End distribution manifolds (25,25')
NOVELTY - The device has a reformer (2) and at least one hydrogen reservoir (1) for storing hydrogen in hydride form enabling hydrogen to be stored and given off again depending on the operating conditions. The energy that can be stored in the hydrogen reservoir is between 0.1 and 5 kW/h and/or the energy produced in the first 5-10 minutes after a cold start of the vehicle.    USE - Especially for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improved to overcome certain disadvantages of conventional arrangements, e.g. emission problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of operating a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram representation of an inventive fuel cell system    hydrogen reservoir (1)    reformer (2)    fuel cell stack (3)    catalyser (12)
NOVELTY - Cell assemblies and folded connecting electrodes or final-end electrodes are covered by a partition to produce a compressive force acting on the cell assemblies or the like from the partition, whereby eliminating the need of an external-compressive-force-applying component, preventing, because of the shapes of cell assemblies or the like defined by the partition, a fuel bypass passage from being formed by the deformation of a collecting member during running, and effectively using fuel, to thereby increase an overall generated power and a generation efficiency.    USE - Solid electrolytic fuel cell for batteries
NOVELTY - A bypass flow passage (7) is connected to a main air-flow passage (6) in parallel with air treatment unit and has inner diameter smaller than that of main air-flow passage. A flow-passage change-over section includes valves (8,9) to open-close the main air-flow passage and the bypass flow passage used to supply air to the fuel cell (1) during start-up operation until predefined condition is established.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the fuel cell is immediately supplied with sufficient amount of compressed air from the beginning of the start-up operation of the compressor, it can be started at earlier stage. Hence, decreased power consumption in start-up battery is achieved and size and weight of battery are reduced. Avoids need for an expensive and heavy secondary battery, by using small start-up battery, thereby reduces manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram illustrating the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Main air-flow passage (6)    Bypass flow passage (7)    Valves (8,9)
NOVELTY - A cooling chamber (26) is provided adjacent to the outer periphery of a motor (5). A high pressure chamber (25) is provided adjacent to the cooling chamber, so that the gas compressed by a compressor is supplied to the pressure chamber. A cooling fluid is supplied to the cooling chamber to cool the gas and the motor.    USE - In automobile industry for compressing gas to be supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the cooling chamber is provided between the high pressure chamber and the motor, reduction in the mass flow rate of the discharge gas of the compressor is suppressed and also it is possible to cool both the discharge gas and motor by a single cooling chamber. Absence of an additional cooling circuit contributes to reduction in the accommodation space and manufacturing cost. Absence of recirculating circuit of the cooling fluid simplifies the compressor and reduces the accommodation space.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an axial sectional view of the electric motor incorporated scroll compressor.    Motor (5)    High pressure chamber (25)    Cooling chamber (26)
NOVELTY - A coal formation is treated in situ by providing heat from heat source(s) to at least one portion of the formation; allowing the heat to transfer to a selected section of the formation; controlling the heat such that an average temperature within at least a majority of the selected section of the formation is less than 375 degreesC; and producing a mixture from the formation.    USE - For in situ treating a coal formation.    ADVANTAGE - The method is more economical than the conventional method because it reduces energy input costs and requires fewer heat sources to heat such a greater portion of the formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a method for forming heater wells in a coal formation, comprising:    (a) forming a first wellbore in the formation,    (b) forming a second wellbore in the formation using magnetic tracking such that the second wellbore is arranged parallel to the first wellbore, and    (c) providing heating mechanism(s) within the first and second wellbores; and    (B) a system for heating a coal formation, comprising:    (a) a heater disposed in an opening in the formation,    (b) an oxidizing fluid source, and    (c) a conduit disposed in the opening to provide an oxidizing fluid to a reaction zone in the formation.
NOVELTY - Electrochemical reactor has an anode and cathode provided on opposite sides of a solid electrolyte. The reactor is heated at 700-1000 degreesC, by supplying hydrocarbon to anode and water vapor to cathode and by impressing voltage between anode and cathode, such that the reactor produces hydrogen or formation gas (16) at cathode. The anode comprises rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt and/or iron added to oxygen ion conductor.    USE - As electrochemical reactor for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical reactor efficiently produces hydrogen, without peeling the solid electrolyte. Oxidation of methane is performed efficiently using the reactor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical reactor (10) consists of an anode (12) and a cathode (13) on opposite sides of a solid electrolyte (11). The reactor is heated at 700-1000 degreesC, by supplying hydrocarbon to the anode side and water vapor to the cathode side and by impressing voltage between the anode and the cathode, such that the reactor produces hydrogen or a formation gas (16) containing hydrogen at the cathode side. The anode comprises rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt and/or iron added to an oxygen ion conductor.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a gas production process which utilizes the electrochemical reactor. Methane and water vapor are supplied respectively to the anode and cathode sides of the reactor. The reactor is heated at 700-1000 degreesC, so that gas containing hydrogen or hydrogen produced at the cathode are taken out.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of electrochemical reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrochemical reactor (10)    Solid electrolyte (11)    Anode (12)    Cathode (13)    Formation gas (16)
NOVELTY - An organic refuse process machine comprises a lid controlled by a manual switch and foot switch provided on the upper periphery of lid and to the lower portion of organic refuse process machine respectively. A non-contact switch with human body detection sensor is provided to the body side of the machine, and a setter is provided to select the operation of the particular switch.    USE - For fermentation decompose treating of organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - No need to handle the lid manually. Lid is automatically closed after filling organic wastes and odor of organic refuse and insects can be prevented. Smoothens processing. Eliminates spilling of organic refuse and increases the efficiency of fermentation. Detection mode for operator is easy and supports injection of organic refuse forcefully.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of organic refuse process machine.    Organic refuse process machine (9)    Lid of fermenter (12)    Manual switch (45)    Foot switch (46)    Non-contact switch (47)    Setter (48)
NOVELTY - A partition wall divides an organic treatment tank in which a fermentation process is carried out. An overflow window is provided in the partition wall. A spindle installed with stirring claws rotates in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions. While the spindle rotates, fermented organic refuse from the tank is ejected out through the window.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Enables automatic ejection of fermented organic refuse due to provision of the window in partition wall.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the organic refuse processing device.
NOVELTY - A discharge port (11a) is provided in a fermenter. A guide plate (59) with adjustable projection height and adjustable inclination angle, is located at inner side of the discharge port covering the discharge port movably. The discharge port ejects fermented organic refuse from a collection tray located at the lower portion of the fermenter.    USE - For processing organic refuse generated in the home for manufacturing compost used in gardens.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances process efficiency by controlling discharge of the fermented organic waste through the discharge port due to provision of the adjustable height and adjustable inclination angle type guide plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational view of the domestic organic refuse processing machine.    Discharge port (11a)    Guide plate (59)
NOVELTY - A process for preparing hydrogen with dried gas (0-100 Wt.%) from oil refinery and light oil.    ADVANTAGE - No cyclic oil separation and external hydrogen source, simple process and apparatus, low cost decreased by 28-32%, low energy consumption reduced by 7-8% and no secondary pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process involves use of phase-mixed feeding of the refinery's dried gas containing high hydrogen content and no olefin and nitrogen and the light oil, and includes such steps as gas-phase mixing, ethanolamine desulfurization, separation of liquid, boosting, gas-liquid mixing, heating, Co-Mo and zinc oxide desulfurization and transformation to obtain high-purify (more than 98%) hydrogen.
NOVELTY - Deliquescent gas drying tablet comprises: (1) solid potassium formate (0.5-100wt. %); and (2) alkali, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium formates, chlorides and/or bromides (0-99.5wt. %).    USE - The tablet is used to dry gas, especially in natural gas transmission lines.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of drying gas comprising contacting gas with a bed of tablets, thus forming an aqueous solution of potassium formate comprising water from the gas and potassium formate from the tablet, and separating the solution from the bed of tablets.
NOVELTY - The mutant stock for mixed biofertilisers comprises Azobacter chroococcum material, obtained by laboratory selection. It gives a cell density of 1015 UFC per millilitre enhancing photostimulation.    USE - In industrial chemistry.
NOVELTY - The mutant stock for bacterial bioifertilisers comprises Azospirillum Ripoferum material, obtained by laboratory selection. It gives a cell density of 1014-1016 UFC per millilitres, enhancing photostimulation.    USE - In industrial chemistry.
NOVELTY - A refuse processing machine (5) includes an injection line which is penetrated into building outer wall (1) and is connected to a sink (4) arranged in a kitchen (2). The machine is arranged facing towards a yard (3).    USE - For processing organic refuse for use in vegetable garden, yard of residence.    ADVANTAGE - Improves processing capacity, by the refuse injection line connected directly between machine and sink. Prevents generation of bad smell in kitchen by processing the organic refuse.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial perspective diagram of organic refuse processing system.    Outer wall (1)    Kitchen (2)    Yard (3)    Sink (4)    Organic refuse processing machine (5)
NOVELTY - Waste material processing (I) involves dehydrating waste material to form primary processed material (3), which is processed to form a secondary processed material (6) useful as feed and/or fertilizer, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for obtaining processed material having feed and/or fertilizer use from waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The quality and flow of processed material in the waste disposal system is stabilized. The waste material is effectively recycled for reuse. The amount of organic waste generation is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) waste disposal system; and    (b) computer-readable information recording medium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the waste disposal system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Primary processed material (3)    Secondary processed material (6)
NOVELTY - A central drive shaft is rotatably supported by an intermediate bearing provided at the center section. Drive shafts which are provided on either sides of the central shaft, are rotatably supported on a core shaft by a main bearing and a shaft bearing.    USE - Multipurpose shaft drive unit for continuous compost production apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The installation space of the multipurpose shaft drive unit is made small. Also excessive power required for the apparatus is unnecessary, hence installation cost of the drive unit is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of continuous compost production apparatus.
NOVELTY - An organic waste is heat-processed at 100-200degreesC and a compost type material is obtained. During heat-processing, the heat-processing temperature of the organic waste is detected and the processing time is controlled based on the detected temperature of the processed material.    USE - For manufacture of compost type material.    ADVANTAGE - The raw material is treated at appropriate processing conditions and time. Hence the high quality product is efficiently produced with an automatic operation, without wasting fuel, time and energy. The finishing time of drying process is judged appropriately based on the detection result of temperature of the processed material. The rotation number of a stirring blade for stirring the processing material, and the quantity of air and/or water vapor for ejecting the exhaust gas, are altered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus for manufacture of the compost type material comprising a heating unit (11) for heat the organic waste, detection unit (12) for detecting the temperature of the processed material, and a control unit (14) for controlling the processing time of the heating unit based on the detection signal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic diagram of manufacture of the compost type material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heating unit (11)    Detecting unit (12)    Control unit (14)
NOVELTY - An organic waste water is processed by treating organic waste water with an activated sludge in an activated sludge treatment tank, anaerobically fermenting the treated sludge at greater than 60 degreesC in a methane fermentation tank and returning a part of the fermented sludge back to the sludge treatment tank.    USE - For biological treatment of organic waste waters, such as sewage.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables effective disposal of organic sewage by methane fermentation of sewage with activated sludge at higher temperatures. The method ejects minimal or negligible amount of surplus sludge after treatment. The method is simple and economical, rapidly processes sewage and requires simple machinery. The method effectively ferments the sewage and requires only minimum supply of bio-gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a co-generation system, which comprises the activated sludge treatment tank and methane fermentation tank, for processing organic waste water by the above mentioned method.
NOVELTY - The diffuser vane comprises fins (104) provided at both end faces (101,102) of a vane main body (100). The fins protrude from surface (103a) of vane main body along inner wall face of diffuser casing and extend along a wing chord (105a).    USE - For large-sized centrifugal compressor used in steel industries, pressurized distribution type fuel batteries in chemical plants, petrochemical plants, power stations, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces leakage generated in diffuser vane surface area, as the fins are provided on both end faces of vane main body. Reduces manufacturing cost by fixing the fin removably to vane main body. Prolongs working life, as rigidity is improved and fatigue is reduced by providing fins on both sides of vane main body.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of diffuser vane.    Vane main body (100)    End faces of vane main body (101,102)    Surface of vane main body (103a)    Fins (104)    Wing chord (105a)
NOVELTY - Waste material of industrial or domestic origin, especially waste with a high organic content, and in some cases with a hazardous content, is composted in a prism-shaped container. Typically this container is partly filled with closed hollow bodies of an inert material, such that they occupy 5-55% of the volume of the prism.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - The subject of the proposal is a plant with two parallel streams, comprising the following: Mechanical clean-up grid (11), (not duplicated) anaerobic basins (12) anoxic basins (13) aerators (14) settling tanks (15) sterilizer (16). The two parallel streams are identical and provide a continuous path for the effluent water. The treatment units are U-shaped, while the sterilizer is formed as trough surrounding the other units.    USE - Effluent water clean-up plant.
NOVELTY - The air flow controller valve (100) includes inlet (122) and outlet channels (130,134), formed along different axes. A piezoelectric pressure sensor (127) is provided near the channel (130). Electromagnetic actuators (145) are provided to move the closure pieces (140) provided near the channels, between the positions which permits and prevents air flow between the channels, corresponding to the signals from pressure sensor.    USE - For fuel cells in vehicles, fuel cell generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generated by fuel cell is regulated effectively, by controlling the amount of air delivered to the fuel cell by closing and opening the outlet channels of air flow controller valve.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Bypass control valve for fuel cell;    (b) Regulator valve for fuel cell;    (c) Metered air distributing method from inlet to outlet channels in fuel cell;    (d) Bypass air flow controlling method in fuel cell;    (e) Heat transfer reducing method motive force device and exhaust back pressure valve    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the air flow controller valve.    Air flow controller valve (100)    Inlet (122)    Pressure sensor (127)    Outlet channel (130,134)    Closure pieces (140)    Electromagnetic actuators (145)
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen (H2) by biological fermentation is achieved by removal of the H2 thus produced.    USE - The recovered hydrogen can be used e.g. as a high-value fuel for a wide range of applications.    ADVANTAGE - Previously only methane could be produced by biological fermentation; now high-purity marketable H2 is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus comprising a fermentation vessel (1) and a H2 separator (8).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen production apparatus.    fermentation vessel (1)    perforated plate (2)    substrate (3)    air chest (4)    fan or ventilator (5)    control for fan (6)    air outlet (7)    hydrogen separator (8)    air circulator (9)    heat-exchanger (10)    fresh air pipe (11)
NOVELTY - The technological process for producing high-quality organic fertilizer by using house refuse includes the following steps: separating useful organic material and sewage sludge, making the mixture of excrement and urine, pulverized plant straw, nitrogen and phosphorus elements implement anaerobic fermentation to produce impure methane, mixing residual dregs and liquor and making aerobic compost fermentation. The product made up by using said invented method possesses brown color and loose and uniform granules, and is smelliness. The examination shows that total quantity of measured carbon, cellulose and fats is reduced, the colibacillus and ascarid ova are obviously reduced or eliminated, and its fertilizer efficiency is high, and includes organic matter is greater than 40%, total nitrogen 10-12%, total phosphorus 5-7%, total potassium 3-5%, rapidly available nitrogen 223.4 ppM and rapidly available phosphorus 215.8 PPM.
NOVELTY - Production of an ecological organic fertilizer (I), comprises composition and serial biochemical reaction of processed organic matter, various beneficial microbe or plant nutrients and mineral nutritive elements to give a large live bacteria colony.    USE - (I) is used as a fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - (I) is capable of raising resistance, improving soil and the quality of agricultural and forestry products and can be produced to produce pollution-free food material.
NOVELTY - Method for plasma-catalytic conversion of fossil fuel (A) to synthesis gas (B) by reaction of hydrocarbons in (A) with air and optionally water vapor. The air is preheated and part of (A) is burnt to give reaction products (RP) and residue (R). A reaction mixture is formed from R, combustion products and optionally water vapor and passed to a plasma-catalytic reactor where the plasma functions as catalyst for accelerating conversion of (A) to (B).    USE - The method is used to produce hydrogen-rich gases, e.g. for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides increased conversion of (A) to (B) and improves both the composition of the product mixture and energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for the process.
NOVELTY - A low-pyrophoricity water-gas shift reaction catalyst comprises high heat capacity support particles of a mesh size of at least12 impregnated with a reducible metal oxide and a catalytic agent.    USE - For generating hydrogen in a gas stream comprising hydrogen, water, and carbon monoxide, supplied to a fuel cell, particularly to proton exchange membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a solid high heat capacity particulate support impregnated with a reducible metal oxide and a catalytic agent. It has lower pyrophoricity upon exposure to atmospheric air, lower production costs, and at least comparable activity when compared to existing commercial catalyst. It is in a stable form, durable and practical for use with fuel processor applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a process for carrying out the water-gas shift reaction comprising employing the inventive low-pyrophoricity water-gas shift reaction catalyst; and (B) an apparatus for carrying out the water-gas shift reaction comprising the inventive reaction catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graphic representation of test results obtain for the activity and pyrophoricities of water-gas shift reaction catalysts.
NOVELTY - An air cleansing process for use with a toilet, to eliminate unpleasant odors and adventitious bacteria, comprises a chemical converter for eliminating flatus and ammonia. It can be retrofitted onto existing toilets,    USE - The device is useful for eliminating flatus, ammonia and other unpleasant odors and adventitious bacteria    ADVANTAGE - The device can be retrofitted onto existing toilets    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A foul air eliminator comprises a converter which includes a chemically-reactive component for chemically altering an odorous component of flatus. The malodorous components are irreversibly transformed into non-volatile, non-malodorous substances, thereby neutralizing their undesirable effect.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the converter itself for use in a foul air eliminator.
NOVELTY - A titanium silicate membrane comprises porous crystalline titanium silicate having interlocked octahedral titania chains which are three-dimensionally connected via tetrahedral silicon oxide units.    USE - The titanium silicate membrane is used for fluid, e.g., gas or liquid, separation, preferably in water/ethanol separation, and for removing organic and metallic contaminants from aqueous streams produced from industrial processing or geographical waterways. It can also be used in the removal of argon from oxygen, and in sulfur dioxide removal from refinery gas or wet gas streams including raw stack gas or natural gas stream.    ADVANTAGE - The titanium silicate membrane has the ability to control its pore size, thus increasing the efficiency of separation. It reduces the capital and operational costs of separation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of separating a molecule(s) from a fluid mixture at least two molecules comprising passing the mixture into contact with the titanium silicate membrane.
NOVELTY - An air filter assembly (10) has a filter element (15) accommodated in a housing. A physical and a chemical filter block are provided in the filter element to remove particulate and chemical contaminants from air, respectively. The cleaned air is fed to a fuel cell.    USE - For generating power in a fuel cell of a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures effective removal of contaminants from air, thereby catalytic process efficiency is enhanced. Enables removal of liquid contaminants and acid contaminants from air, due to use of dual filter structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell assembly including the filter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the power generation system.    Air filter assembly (10)    Filter element (15)
NOVELTY - The gas distribution member comprises a highly porous sintered material consisting of fibers of inorganic material (3), the fibers having a diameter of 2-25 m and a length up to 3 mm. A corrosion protection layer (26) protects against the acid proton conducting membrane, and is preferably hydrophobic and made of carbon based material.    USE - To improve efficiency of fuel cell and maintain a low pressure drop in the cell.    ADVANTAGE - Better electrical contact between the components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Independent claims are included for a fuel cell and a method of making a gas distribution member for a polymer membrane fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross section through gas distribution member    Fibers (3)    Corrosion protection (26)
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a cell body (102) adjacent to a fluid permeable catalyst array support (106) for multiple solids. A catalyst mask having holes that are aligned with multiple locations for supporting solids is placed over the catalyst array support, masking the solids. A cell cover (110) is positioned over the catalyst array support, with the top portion (114) containing an electrolyte blanketed with argon gas.    USE - To evaluate activity of solid catalysts for fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - Can screen a large number of compositions for electrode catalysts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An independent claim is included for a screening method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Perspective view of single electrode bulk cell    Cell body (102)    Array support (106)    Cover (110)    Top of cover (114)
NOVELTY - The wastes of organic origin are mixed at certain ratios with a filler to be treated in special biofermentative chambers under aerobic conditions. The product obtained - a fodder substrate - undergoes subsequent treatment in special modules - vermicultivators by using industrial population of earthworm of Eiseniafoetida species. When vermicultivation process is over isolated earthworms return into technological cycle for reproduction in the next working module. The earthworms isolated from biohumus in a breeding module totally pass to be processed for fodder protein to be further used in fodder production. Complete cycle of substrate-biohumus processing at isolating a biomass lasts for 50 d. Substrate is loaded into 2 bunkers (1) facing each other and divided by a biomass receiver (2). Bunkers' bottoms are designed to be inclined at angle of 10-35 deg. towards a biomass receiver (2). Lateral walls of bunkers (1) have got holes (3) for aeration and installation of heat ers.    USE - Utilization of organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE - Higher quality of biohumus obtained. 3 cl, 1 dwg
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer (10) reforms the remains of hydrocarbon group fuel into hydrogen rich heating gas using water sprayed through water injector while burning a part of fuel sprayed from fuel injector by an ignition device (36) in a mixing chamber (32).    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Responds rapidly to load fluctuation by adjusting the amount of spraying, by heating gas. Minimizes size of the apparatus with improved startability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer is equipped with air blower, fuel injector and water injector which spray gaseous methanol and water respectively into a mixing chamber, such that fuel injector and water injector are positioned oppositely facing each other. The combustion chamber burns a part of fuel sprayed to heat fuel reformer (40). A swirl mixing chamber mixes fuel, water and air by swirl style forming panel which is guided by guide panel so that radius of gyration is large in downstream side. An equalizer equalizes mixing condition of fuel and water so that uniform mixture is sprayed to the reformer. The reformer comprises carbon monoxide reduction section which reduces carbon monoxide concentration in heating gas which is used to heat fuel and water. Hydrogen is separated in the heating gas by hydrogen consumption apparatus and gas which is unable to consume hydrogen is used to heat water and fuel. The combustion flow path and mixed air flow path are arranged such that mixed air flow path supports a reformation catalyst which reforms the fuel of an hydrocarbon group to a part of heating gas using water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of outline composition of fuel cell system.    Fuel reformer (10)    Mixing chamber (32)    Ignition device (36)    Heat fuel reformer (40)
NOVELTY - Desulfurized raw hydrocarbons are supplied from a desulfurization unit (12) to a steam reforming unit (13) which is heated by a catalyzed combustion unit, when the temperature of the steam reforming unit reaches a predetermined value. The hydrogen containing gas generated by the reforming unit (13) is treated to remove carbon monoxide in a gas denaturation unit (15) and the purified hydrogen gas is stored in storage tank (18).    USE - For controlling temperature during start/stop of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for fuel cell used in vehicles, domestic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size and running cost as the need for additional equipments for start/stop of the apparatus is eliminated. Enhances safety as the use of nitrogen gas cylinder and hydrogen gas cylinder are eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon monoxide removed from the hydrogen containing gas is converted into carbon monoxide and water in the oxidation chamber (17). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for temperature control during stop of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus which involves reducing concentration of combustible gas in the reaction system, with simultaneous gradual reduction in supply of raw hydrocarbons to the steam reforming unit. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is stopped when the temperature of the steam reforming chamber reduces below a predetermined value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the starting method of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Desulfurization unit (12)    Steam reforming unit (13)    Gas denaturation unit(17) Oxidation chamber (15)    Storage tank (18)
NOVELTY - Compost material comprising 0.5 wt.% or more of porous saccharide material, such as glucose, fructose, sugar, oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharide, mixed with 50 wt.% or more of porous material, such as diatom earth, zeolite, vermiculite, pearlite, bentonite, activated carbon and/or charcoal, is new.    USE - Useful in fertilizers, for cultivating crops, such as food crops, industrial crops and horticultural crops, such as lawn grass, vegetables, fruit trees, and ornamental plants (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The compost material, which is effectively decomposed-fermented at high temperature, enables production of high quality bokashi fertilizer. The fertilizer effectively fertilizes soil. The growth inhibiting substance in the compost effectively prevents degradation of fertilizer under natural environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) manufacture of bokashi (gradational) fertilizer, which involves mixing the above mentioned compost material additionally containing soybean cake, rapeseed dregs, rice bran, unhulled rice, fish meal and/or bone meal, with soil in a fixed ratio; and    (ii) use of bokashi fertilizer for cultivating crops, such as food crops, industrial crops and horticultural crops, such as lawn grass, vegetables, fruit trees, and ornamental plants.
NOVELTY - A circulating path (48) which is connected between the oxidizing agent gas inlet (36) and outlet (40) of a fuel cell stack (12), is provided with a heater (58) and a circulating pump (60). The pump circulates heated oxidizing agent gas to the gas inlet through the circulating path, for raising the temperature of fuel cell stack.    USE - Phosphoric acid type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leakage of phosphoric acid and improves durability of the fuel cell efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of phosphoric acid fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell stack (12)    Oxidizing agent gas inlet (36)    Oxidizing agent gas outlet (40)    Circulating path (48)    Heater (58)    Circulating pump (60)
NOVELTY - Waste plastics, desulfurizing agent that is lime and fine powdered coal containing sulfur are mixed, compressed and molded using granulator (6).    USE - Fuel from waste plastics obtained from municipal solid waste, industrial waste and coal.    ADVANTAGE - The effective usage of coal containing sulfur content and waste plastic is provided. Generation of carbondioxide gas during fuel production process is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow diagram of concept of alternate fuel manufacturing equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Granulator (6)
NOVELTY - Isolated, autotrophic, aerobic bacteria (A) that can oxidize arsenic (III) to arsenic (V) using carbon dioxide as sole source of carbon and As(III) as sole source of energy. They have 16S rRNA sequences of (1) or (2), both 1453 base pairs, fully defined in the specification.    USE - (A) are used to treat water intended for human consumption, or mining and industrial waste, to convert arsenic(III) to arsenic(V) which is easier to remove, less toxic and less mobile.    ADVANTAGE - Use of (A) eliminates the need for chemical oxidizing agents. (A) have high capacity for oxidizing arsenic, so only small amounts of biomass are formed and consumption of additional nutrients is low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) isolating (A);    (2) selection medium for use in (1); and    (3) oxidizing As(III) to As(V) using (A).
NOVELTY - Apparatus comprises several chambers (9, 10, 11) for carrying out solid body catalyzed reactions; and a common vaporizing unit (2) for vaporizing liquid educts (1). One region of the vaporizing unit is partially surrounded by the chambers.    USE - Used for autothermally reforming methanol and in fuel cell systems (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The educts can be uniformly and continuously vaporized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The vaporizing unit is completely surrounded by the chambers and has catalyst layers. The vaporizing unit is rigidly fixed to the chambers, preferably by a thermal coupling. The educt is a hydrocarbon, ether and/or alcohol.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the apparatus.    educts (1)    vaporizing unit (2)    chambers (9, 10, 11)
NOVELTY - In a process to dispose of slaughterhouse waste material, the body parts are chopped and mixed with a quantity of suitable organic substances, such as sludge or slurry, and brought to an average dry matter content of 8-12 %.    USE - Process to convert slaughterhouse animal wastes into energy.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides an advantageous method of disposal for slaughterhouse wastes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The animal residues are first chopped or minced and sterilized at 133degrees C prior to admixture of organic residues. The mixture is placed in a fermentation vat to generate biogas, e.g. methane for use as fuel in a district heating system or for conversion to electrical energy. The heat energy generated is used for sterilization, the heat treatment sterilization of the mixed wastes, composting and drying processes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a block flow chart of the process. (Drawing includes non English-language text).
NOVELTY - An ecological compost extract (I) comprises degradable plant fibre as a base material, which contains a beneficial microbe capable of promoting plant growth.    USE - (I) is used to improve soil structure and protect the environment.    ADVANTAGE - (I) fully utilizes the organic matter converted from plant fibre to provide nutrients for the beneficial microbe, and can raise the survival rate and activity of the microbe coming into soil. This attains the effect of improving soil structure and protecting the environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of preparation of (I).
NOVELTY - The fuel processor has a hydrogen generating apparatus (9) with combustion chamber having length-to-diameter ratio ranging from 0.5-4.0. A burner (35) which is mounted on the side wall of the combustion chamber, operates in a high blue flame mode at temperature up to 1920degreesF.    USE - For residential applications.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processor has compact size and maximum energy efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process flow diagram of flow paths of fuel processor.    Hydrogen generating apparatus (9)    Burner (35)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen forming device has a hydrogen gas supply part; a converter which has a conversion catalyst; a carbon monoxide concentration detection means; and a supply amount control means.    USE - Used in co-generation systems which use fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Condensation of steam ion the hydrogen gas is prevented. Hydrogen gas of low carbon monoxide concentration is stably supplied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen forming device has:    (1) a hydrogen gas supply part which accepts supply of raw material and water and forms hydrogen gas including at least carbon monoxide and steam;    (2) a converter which has a conversion catalyst, accepts supply of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas supply part and converts hydrogen gas;    (3) a carbon monoxide concentration detection means which accepts a supply of converted gas and detects carbon monoxide in the gas; and    (4) a supply amount control means which controls the supply amount of raw material and/or water to the hydrogen gas supply part.    The supply amount control means reduces the supply amount of raw material to the hydrogen supply part, reduces the supply amount of raw material and water to the hydrogen gas supply part or increases the supply amount of water to the hydrogen gas supply part when the concentration of detected carbon monoxide is larger than the previously measured value.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) a program for making a computer function as all or part of the supply amount control means; and    (2) a medium which can be processed by a computer which can retain the program.
NOVELTY - An unleaded aviation fuel composition comprises hydrocarbon-containing component and saturated liquid 4-10C aliphatic hydrocarbon component. The composition having a Motor Octane Number of at least 98 has at least 30 vol.% hydrocarbon of the hydrocarbon-containing component.    USE - The composition is used as unleaded aviation gasoline for use in piston-driven aircraft, e.g. passenger and freight. It can be used in internal combustion spark ignition engines used to power moving vehicles in the air.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composition reduces the exhaust gas temperature of the engine particularly air cooled aviation engine. It reduces emission of the exhaust gases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An unleaded aviation fuel composition comprises:    (a) a component of formula R-CH2-CH(CH3)-C(CH3)2-CH3 having hydrocarbon(s); and    (b) a component of saturated liquid 4-10C aliphatic hydrocarbon. At least 30 vol.% of the composition is a hydrocarbon of component (a). The composition has a Motor Octane Number of at least 98.    R = H or methyl.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a method for boosting the octane number of an unleaded aviation gasoline by having in the gasoline a component (a) or branched chain alkyl substituted benzene 1 or 2 branched chain 3-5C secondary or tertiary alkyl; and    (B) a method for reducing the exhaust gas temperature from combustion in a spark ignition aviation combustion engine of an unleaded aviation gasoline; and    (C) an unleaded aviation fuel comprising a fuel composition and aviation gasoline additive(s) of antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-icing additives or antistatic additives.
NOVELTY - Spherical particles are made by: (a) impregnating a support comprising treatment-labile material with metal or metal oxide which is treatment-stable; and (b) dissolving the material.    USE - The catalyst and catalyst support are used for catalyzing chemical reactions such as hydrogenation of carbon monoxide in slurry bubble column Fischer-Tropsch processes.    ADVANTAGE - The small spherical particles can be effectively produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Spherical particles having micrometer size diameter.    (ii) Formation of attrition resistant particulate catalyst. A support having several spherical voids is impregnated with a solution containing decomposable metal salt(s) to yield a supported catalyst precursor. The metal salt has activity for catalyzing a defined chemical reaction. The catalyst precursor is calcined such that a metal and/or metal oxide loaded support is obtained. The loaded support is optionally reimpregnated with a second solution comprising decomposable metal salt to provide reimpregnated loaded support which is then calcined. The support is dissolved so that several spherical metal and/or metal oxide particles are released, and particles are collected.    (iii) Particulate catalyst comprising spherical particles formed by impregnating support with metal and/or metal oxide such that voids are filled with metal and/or metal oxide, and dissolving the support.    (iv) Synthesis of 2C or more hydrocarbon products by contacting feedstock comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a particulate catalyst under Fischer-Tropsch hydrogenation reaction promoting conditions.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas is formed by dissociating vapor fuel and steam mixture in thermoelectric reformer (10). Moist hydrogen gas stream formed by separating impurities from hydrogen gas is passed to condense the stream, forming saturated stream which is passed to fuel cell (50) for generating electricity, waste heat, water. Flow rate, temperature, pressure at reformer and fuel cell are controlled to vary electricity output.    USE - For producing electricity for stationary purposes or for driving vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enables achieving high conversion efficiency in reformer, and fast response to initial startup and transient load demands. The cell is highly efficient in electricity production. The reformer does not use air combustion. Fuel cell has multi-fuel capabilities and fuel flexibility. Enables waste heat management and H2O, unused H2 recovery and direct use, system automation and compact design for transportation applications.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the water gas shift reactors.    Thermoelectric reformer (10)    Fuel cell (50)
NOVELTY - The device has a channel-forming structure with at least one porous region bounding on a channel. The porous region is in the form of a conductive mesh and is located in the region of the bipolar plate that is provided for contact with an electrode. The bipolar plate has meander-shaped channels for a working medium, especially a fuel.    USE - For a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a uniform distribution of a working medium for various load characteristics with simultaneously low pressure losses and a normally high level of efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a fuel cell with a bipolar plate.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a fuel reformer which produces fuel gas consisting mainly of hydrogen by using a raw material. A feeder feeds water to the fuel gas producer. A flame detector is provided to detect the state of flames produced in the burner.    USE - For fuel cell reformer burner flame state detection.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell electricity generator is capable of reliably discriminating between ignition and misfire of a burner which heats a fuel gas producer. It operates with safety,
NOVELTY - A converter (18) converts the water supplied from a water source into hydrogen and oxygen gases, when power is supplied from a power source (28). A hydrogen power plant (22) converts the hydrogen gas into utilizable energy. A power distribution device (30) electrically connected to the power source, converter and the power plant, distributes generated energy to various external devices.    USE - For on-board fossil fuel engines such as diesel, fuel oil or gasoline engines used in potential marine vessels such as government vessels, military watercraft, submarines, oceanic research vessels, low enforcement vessels, search and rescue vessels, harbor pilot ships, environmental clean-up boats/ships, commercial vessels such as passenger transports, water bus, cruise ships, ferries, charter boats, scenic vessels, party boats, scuba-diving boats, cargo transports, container ships, coastal freighters, auto carriers, oil and other bulk carriers, tugs, oil rig work/support boats, lake and river marine vehicles. Also for aircraft.    ADVANTAGE - Since hydrogen is used for generating power, new refueling infrastructure is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen gas production and utilization method which involves distributing energy generated from hydrogen gas to power consuming components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of hydrogen production and utilization method.    Converter (18)    Hydrogen power plant (22)    Power source (28)    Power distribution device (30)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen purification apparatus comprises: (1) a conversion part for converting carbon monoxide, having a conversion catalyst containing a noble metal and a metal oxide; and (2) a hydrogen gas supply part which supplies hydrogen containing carbon monoxide to the conversion part.    USE - Hydrogen is purified for use in fuel cells used in the production of electricity by e.g. co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows good efficiency of removing CO even when the start and shut-down of the apparatus are frequently repeated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen purification apparatus comprises:    (1) a conversion part for converting carbon monoxide, having a conversion catalyst containing a noble metal and a metal oxide; and    (2) a hydrogen gas supply part which supplies hydrogen containing carbon monoxide to the conversion part.    In the flow of the hydrogen gas, the temperature in the upstream side of the conversion part is 300-500 degrees C and in the downstream side is at most 300 degrees C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the hydrogen purification apparatus.    Reforming Part (1)    Reforming Catalyst (2)    Heating Part (2)    Conversion Part (3)    Conversion catalyst (3a)    Purification Part (4)    Purification catalyst (4a)    raw Material Source (5)    Hydrogen Supply Part (6)    Gas Flow Path (7)    Air Supply Part (8)    Conversion First Temperature Measuring Part (9)    Conversion Second Temperature Measuring Part (10)    Purification First Temperature Measuring Part (11)    Purification Second Temperature Measuring Part (12)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generator comprises a reforming part with a raw material supply part and a water supply part, and a burner for heating the reforming part which has a fuel feed part and an air feed part. The device has a controller which controls the air amount fed to the burner based on signals from the raw material supply part and signals from the reforming temperature detector part.    USE - The hydrogen generator is used to produce hydrogen for e.g. fuel cells using hydrocarbons as a raw material.    ADVANTAGE - The burning state of the burner is stabilized to increase controllability and ease of handling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen generator has a reforming part with a raw material supply part and a water supply part, and a burner for heating the reforming part which has a fuel feed part and an air feed part. The device has a controller which controls the air amount fed from the gas flow path which leads gas from the hydrogen generator to the burner, a part which measures the temperature of the reforming part, the raw material supply part and the air feed part to the burner based on signals from the raw material supply part and signals from the reforming temperature detector part.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a hydrogen generator (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Raw Materials Supply Part (1)    Water Supply Part (2)    Reforming Part (3)    Conversion Part (4)    Purification Part (5)    Three-Way valve (6)    Fuel Cell (7)    Burner (8)    Fuel Supply Part (9)    Air Supply Part (10)    Exhaust Port (11)    Temperature Detectors (12-14)    Controller Part (15)
NOVELTY - Fat and oil degrading microorganisms.    USE - Degradation of waste fat and oil.    ADVANTAGE - Effective decomposition of various oils.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Microbacterium saperdae SIID440-1 (FERM P-17974), Sphingomonas sp. SIID440-2 (FERM P-17975), Microbacterium esteraroticum SIID440-3 (FERM P-17976) and/or Bacillus cereus SIID440-4 (FERM P-17977) capable of degradation of fat, waste oil optionally contained in organic wastes used for their degradation.
NOVELTY - Combination of microorganisms for effective decomposition of organic wastes.    USE - Treatment of organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE - Effective decomposition of various organic wastes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Bacillus spp. complex microorganisms capable of decomposition of raw refuse containing protein and/or starch and/or fat, particularly containing Bacillus subtilis ST10 (FERM P-17931), Bacillus licheniformis SLP8 (FERM P-17932), Bacillus PR15 (FERM P-17930) and/or Bacillus thermodenitrificans SL20 (FERM P-17933), especially having V1-V2 regions of 16SrDNA gene of 346 bases. Further details are disclosed in 20 claims.
NOVELTY - The delay counters (22a,22b) stop and output a count value, when gas concentration is higher or lower than specific value. A warning delay controller (22c) outputs warning signal, when the delay time of counters set corresponding to difference of two output count values, exceeds preset time.    USE - For warning of incomplete combustion and leakage of gases such as carbon monoxide and methane.    ADVANTAGE - As delay time is set based on the difference of output count values from delay counters, gas alarm is output depending on user's preference.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gas leakage warning method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a circuit block diagram of the gas alarm. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Delay counters (22a,22b)    Warning delay controller (22c)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen cylinder is provided to store hydrogen which is supplied to fuel cell through deodorization unit. Hydrogen is mixed with odorization agent such as t-butyl mercaptan or sulphur compound, to recognize the leakage of hydrogen. The deodorization unit is provided to remove odorization agent before hydrogen is supplied to fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of hydrogen is detected promptly and hence safety is increased, as odorization agent is added to hydrogen to recognize leakage of hydrogen and is removed from hydrogen before supply to fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell;    (b) Hydrogen detection method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The equipment (A) has a treatment tank (1) formed with a fermentation chamber (17) and a drying chamber (18) above a partition (16) which has a communication port (19). The opening size of the communication port is adjusted based on the viscosity and/or moisture content of fermented material, to pass the fermented material into the drying chamber from the fermentation chamber.    USE - For performing the fermentation and drying processes of organic refuse ejected in large quantity from cooking plants and restaurants, etc.    ADVANTAGE - A fixed quantity of the fermentation processed material can be ejected into a drying chamber from a fermentation chamber without depending on the condition of the material, since the opening size of a communication port formed in the partition which vertically divides the fermentation and drying chambers is adjusted based on the viscosity and/or moisture content of the fermented material. The reduction in amount of fermented material and injection of new organic refuse into the fermentation chamber can be performed reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fermentation process is performed by stirring organic refuse thrown into the fermentation chamber with a fermentation stirring blade (25). The processed material from the fermentation chamber is ejected into the drying chamber by opening the communication port, and a drying process is carried out by further stirring the fermented material with a stirring blade (32) in the drying chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of an organic refuse processing equipment.    Treatment tank (1)    Partition (16)    Fermentation chamber (17)    Drying chamber (18)    Communication port (19)    Stirring blades (25,32)    Organic refuse processing equipment (A)
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon occlusion material contains porous carbonaceous material intervened between layer-like inorganic stratified substances which have a positive charge.    USE - As hydrocarbon occlusion material such as a methane occlusion material for loading into a fuel tank of a natural gas motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The methane occlusion material as example of hydrocarbon occlusion material, has high amount of methane occlusion per unit volume.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of the hydrocarbon occlusion material which involves inserting an organic anion between inorganic stratified substances which have a positive charge and heating in non-oxidizing atmosphere and carbonizing organic anion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of manufacture of the hydrocarbon material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A tank (11) stores a solution containing highly concentrated hydrogen. A catalyst (12) recovers the hydrogen from the solution. A tank (14) collects the solution from which hydrogen is recovered.    USE - For recycling hydrogen containing solution in fuel cell system of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids mixing of recovery solution and fuel solution. Prevents reduction of hydrogen concentration in a fuel solution, when the vehicle's movement progresses.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tanks (11,14)    Catalyst (12)
NOVELTY - The polluted substance is supplied to a processing facility having a microbial bed for decomposition of the substance. The surface portion of the soil in the microbial bed is covered by a protective material (2) and air is supplied through a pipe (3) to the bed to accelerate growth of hypha.    USE - For processing polluted substances such as contaminated soil, waste material containing aromatic carbohydrates, organochlorine compounds such as dioxins.    ADVANTAGE - The polluted substances are decomposed efficiently by the microbial bed, hence environment pollution is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the polluted substance processing facility.    Protective material (2)    Pipe (3)
NOVELTY - Thermophilus oil component decomposition microbe,Bacillus stearothermophilus No.38 (FERM P-17939), is new.    USE - For processing, treating and decomposing oil component in organic waste such as organic refuse, for use in organic refuse process machine, for decompose-treating waste oil ejected from oil trap (primary storage tank), Ramen noodles store and restaurants, and for decompose-removing lamp black ejected from fryer of kitchen of fast food store.    ADVANTAGE - The novel microbe efficiently decomposes oil component in organic waste such as organic refuse, at more than 60degreesC. The microbes enables easy and efficient separation of organic substance and oil component in organic refuse, as the fluidity of oil component increases according to pyrogenetic reaction at more than 60degreesC. Hence, the microbes enables efficient decomposition process, when compared with normal temperature reaction. The novel microbe is efficiently utilized in organic refuse process machine which contains organic refuse having excess content of oil component. Hence, the microbe retaining excellent oil component decomposition activity, effectively reduces the amount of oil component, and efficiently response during trouble countermeasure in organic refuse process. The microbe is efficiently utilized for decompose-treatment of waste oil ejected from an oil trap (primary storage tank), Ramen noodles store and restaurants, and also useful in decompose-removal of lamp black ejected from fryer of kitchen of fast food store.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Organic waste processing method; and    (b) Organic waste treatment apparatus    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph showing the temperature of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain No.38, and the relationship of proliferation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The microorganism formulation comprises a unit or several useful fermentation decomposition microorganisms which are fixed to a corn cob. The above corn cob fixed with microorganism is mixed and stirred with organic waste for decomposing organic compound stably.    USE - For decompose-treating organic toxic chemical substance containing chlorine such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxin (claimed), organic refuse ejected from organic waste and chemical industries, city refuse and toxic chemical substance ejected from incinerator.    ADVANTAGE - The corn cob is a porous material containing polysaccharide, which efficiently fixes the microorganism. The room temperature, water content, oxygen and culture solution are controlled effectively by the microorganism proliferation device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) A microorganism auxiliary formulation; and    (b) A microorganism proliferation device    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows single tank and combination of multistage microorganism proliferation device.
NOVELTY - An organic waste supply structure (13) supplies organic waste at a concentration of 0.1 weight% or more to a methane fermentation tank (8) for treating with methane fermentation microbe in an anaerobic atmosphere. The temperature of the tank is maintained suitable for fermentation by circulating hot water of temperature more than 60degreesC around the heating tank (12) in the fermentation tank.    USE - As an organic waste disposal system.    ADVANTAGE - The organic waste is treated efficiently at high temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the organic waste disposal system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Methane fermentation tank (8)    Heating tank (12)    Organic waste supply structure (13)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell electricity generation system has a branch pipe (16) that is connected to the fuel pipe (28), so as to supply inert gas (17) along with the fuel (13) to a fuel modifier (5), when the temperature of fuel cell is below 100 degrees C.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the inert gas is supplied along with the fuel to the fuel modifier, the partial pressure of the vapor is reduced and dew formation in the anode is prevented, even when the temperature of the cell is maintained low. Hence stability of the fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (5)    Fuel (13)    Branch pipe (16)    Inert gas (17)    Fuel pipe (28)
NOVELTY - Decomposition treating an environmental polluting substance by acting synzyme (synthetic enzyme) (soluble in organic solvent) on organic solvent extracted contaminated soil or polluted liquid, is new    USE - For decomposition-treating of environment polluting substance or polluting liquid, especially fat soluble environment polluting substance.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables increased efficiency of decomposition of various compounds. The method is highly economical. The synzyme used for decomposition of contaminated products prevents generation of residues after treatment and miniaturization of apparatus is enabled. The synzyme (dendritic porphyrin secreted from basidiomycete) mimics the catalytic action of lignin peroxidase which has highly decomposition activity. Porphyrin has high reduction potential and excellent function in organic solvent, hence utilized in environmental bioremediation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus which decomposes environment polluting substance, comprising extracting units (11,12) which extracts the polluting substance, mixer (2) which respectively mixes water and organic solvent with contaminated soil or polluting liquid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a decompose-treating apparatus for environmental polluting substance. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Mixer (2)    Extracting units (11,12)
NOVELTY - The solid polymeric fuel cell stack comprises laminated unit batteries containing membrane electrode composite provided with packing at periphery and clamped with separator (11). The separator surface opposing gas diffusion electrode of electrode composite is provided with gas passage (15). The gas passage and through-hole (13) at separator periphery, are covered by sealing member parallel to separator.    USE - Power source for vehicle and home.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymeric fuel cell stack has high efficiency and high reliability. The electricity generation can be stabilized for long period of time by using the fuel cell stack. The degradation of polymer film is inhibited. The solid polymer fuel cell stack has time dependent stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid polymeric fuel cell stack comprises unit batteries laminated in series. The unit batteries consists of membrane electrode composite consisting of polymeric film interposed between gas diffusion electrode. The membrane electric composite is provided with packing at the periphery, and clamped with separator. The battery is provided with through hole at the separator periphery, penetrating along the direction of lamination. The separator surface opposing gas diffusion electrode, is provided with gas passage. The gas passage and the through hole are covered by sealing member which is provided parallel to separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of separator used in the fuel cell stack. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separator (11)    Through-hole (13)    Gas passage (15)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell comprises a fuel cell separator (1). The fuel cell separator comprises an internal manifold (11) integrated to inlet (12). The inlet has metal cap (2) having an introductory path (121) through which heating gas and oxidation gas are supplied to each cell from internal manifold. The metal cap is made of material having fixed strength.    USE - Used as solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell resists corrosion and gas leak after prolonged usage. The manufacture of fuel cell by simple method using reduced labor, is enabled. Miniaturization of fuel cell is enabled, and the inlet has high strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of fuel cell separator used in solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell.    Fuel cell separator (1)    Metal cap (2)    Internal manifold (11)    Inlet (12)    Introductory path (121)
NOVELTY - Mulching composition for gardening, comprises ground straw of vegetable origin, fungus biomass and colloidal matter based on polysaccharides.    USE - As a mulching composition, for use in gardening and farming.    ADVANTAGE - Protection of moisture present in soil is achieved using fully bio-degradable composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a mixing device for preparation of composition, comprising tank (2) with mixer blades mounted on shaft (4) rotated by engine, opening for introduction of various components, at least one water introduction point (16) at high position, hopper located at the bottom of tank, the pump located below hopper, and valve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing represents external view of mixer used to produce composition according to invention.    tank (2)    upper surface of tank (12)    lid of rectangular opening (14)    water introduction points (16)    ladder (18)    guard-rails (20)    return conduit (22)
NOVELTY - A membrane hydrogen separator (11) separates hydrogen from reformate gas to feed to an anode chamber (2A) through a hydrogen supply path. The effluent discharged from anode chamber recirculates through anode effluent passage (8) to the outlet of membrane separator. An intake valve introduces a gas other than hydrogen to anode recirculation passage and hydrogen supply passage, which is discharged by a discharge valve (60).    USE - To power a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen partial pressure on the outlet of separator is reduced. Additional equipment are minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of fuel cell power plant for vehicle.    Anode chamber (2A)    Anode effluent passage (8)    Membrane hydrogen separator (11)    Discharge valve (60)
NOVELTY - Process for operating a gas generating device includes dosing fuel into a partial oxidation reactor; initiating combustion of fuel in the reactor by adding oxygen-containing gas; and heating the reactor of the gas generating device using the combustion heat obtained.    USE - Used for operating a gas generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic stage can be quickly heated to operating temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for operating a gas generating device comprises:    (1) dosing fuel into a partial oxidation reactor;    (2) initiating combustion of fuel in the reactor by adding oxygen-containing gas;    (3) heating the reactor of the gas generating device using the combustion heat obtained;    (4) reducing the stream of oxygen-containing gas and adding water when the operating temperature of the partial oxidation is reached in the reactor; and    (5) further reducing the stream of the oxygen-containing gas when the operating temperature of the steam reforming is reached, so that only partial conversion of fuel occurs and the remaining fuel is converted in an adjoining steam reformer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process comprising an adiabatic catalytic stage arranged between a partial oxidation reactor and a steam reformer.
NOVELTY - Reforming device (1) comprises: (i) a unit (2) for carrying out a reforming reaction through which a CO (carbon monoxide)-containing reformate gas is obtained; (ii) a high temperature shift reaction unit (41) for converting CO contained in the reformate gas; (iii) a heat exchanger (43); and (iv) a low temperature shift reaction unit (42) for further converting the CO and producing hydrogen. The shift reaction units and the heat exchanger are connected to the reforming unit and are contained in a converter (4).    USE - For producing a hydrogen-rich gas from a mixture containing hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - Ideal heat utilization of the process reactions is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The converter is coupled to the educt gas feed of the reforming unit. The converter has an integrated heat transfer in the form of a vaporizer and/or a superheater. The reforming unit has an educt gas feed and a product gas removal unit coupled so that the educt gases are heated by the product gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reforming device connected to a fuel cell.    reforming device (1)    reforming unit (2)    converter (4)    high temperature shift reaction unit (41)    low temperature shift reaction unit (42)    heat exchanger (43)
NOVELTY - The fuel-cell power generation system includes at least a fuel-cell stack and a set of fuel gas and oxidant gas supply and discharge system. In the process of power generation the waste gas which is not entered into reaction is passed though a self-sucking circulation equipment with simple structure, it does not consume additional energy, and back-feeds into high-pressure gas supply pipeline to obtain circulation use from low-pressure gas discharge pipeline. Said power generation system raises utilization rate of fuel and reduces cost, so that it is an energy-saving high-efficiency fuel-cell generation system.
NOVELTY - A contaminated liquid is treated by contacting with a charged polymeric material and with a second, oppositely charged polymeric material; allowing floc formation; and separating the flocs from the liquid. The polymeric materials are soluble in the liquid. At least one polymeric material is branched.    USE - For treating contaminated liquids e.g. industrial wastewater, flushing water from aircraft spraying, and cattle-milking plant wastewater.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the polymeric materials results in high efficiency liquid decontamination, without using synthetic compounds or ions. The polymeric materials are non-toxic.
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming device for solid high polymer fuel cell, characterized in that a reformer (A), a carbon monoxide converter (B), a carbon monoxide selective oxidation reactor (C), a carbon monoxide converter inlet cooler (16), and a carbon monoxide selective oxidation reactor inlet cooler (20) are formed in cylindrical shapes, the reformer (A) is disposed at the center of the device, the carbon monoxide converter (B) is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the reformer (A), the carbon monoxide selective oxidation reactor (C) is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the carbon monoxide converter (B), and the equipment thereof are formed integrally with each other.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - An improved quick-breaking foaming or bubbling carpet cleaning composition yielding good cleaning such that the foam breaks easily allowing for quicker cleaning and use of carpet without the need for subsequent vacuuming.    USE - The composition is useful for cleaning carpets that do not require rubbing, scrubbing or vacuuming.    ADVANTAGE - The composition yields a good cleaning effect such that the foam breaks easily allowing for quicker cleaning and use of carpet without the need for subsequent vacuuming.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A foaming or bubbling carpet cleaning composition whose foam breaks within 10 minutes of application to a carpet, comprises    (a) a system comprising 1 or more organic solvents;    (b) an anionic and/or non-ionic surfactant;    (c) a propellant; and    (d) water.    The composition may also contain 1 or more hydrotrope, and optionally 1 or more cationic, corrosion inhibitors, pH buffer, perfume, perfume carrier, pH adjusting agent, pH buffer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, germicide, fungicide, acaricide, allergen neutralizer, and/or preservative.
NOVELTY - A self foaming composition comprises a surfactant mixture and self foaming agent(s) (SFA). The surfactant mixture comprises (a) anionic surfactant(s), (b) amphoteric surfactant(s) and optionally (c) non-ionic surfactant(s). The composition is in liquid crystalline structure form. The ratio of (a):(b):(c) is such that when the surfactant mixture is mixed with SFA a gel consistency is obtained.    USE - Useful for cleansing body during bath and shower, for face as facial cleansers, for hair as shampoos, and also for cleaning kitchen and bath counters, shower stalls, cars and upholstery.    ADVANTAGE - The improved high foaming clear stiff gel cleansing composition easily disperses from the package, and spreads easily and uniformly along the skin, and also produces more foam more quickly, when compared to conventional foaming gels. The composition added with additives like boosters, has enhanced appearance, feel and fragrance. The compositions can be applied directly onto the desired body location with hands, or by using fabric such as washcloth, or puff or loofah. The foam is easily rinsed from the skin, which leaves a soft and moisturized skin feeling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) process for making self foaming composition, which involves combining (a), (b) and optionally (c), to form a surfactant mixture, and adding SFA to the surfactant mixture. The ratio of (a):(b):(c) is such that when the surfactant mixture is mixed with SFA the viscosity of the composition increases; and    (ii) cleansing of skin or hair of a mammal, which involves applying an effective amount of the self foaming composition to the skin or hair.
NOVELTY - Additives are incorporated into polymers by forming a colloidal system of a polymer, emulsifying the colloidal system with a compressed fluid, and contacting the polymer in the colloidal system with an additive in the presence of the compressed fluid.    USE - The process is used for incorporating additives into polymers.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method gives better control of the distribution of the additives in the polymers. By having the polymerization reactions occur separately from the additive incorporation, better control of the particle size, amount and distribution of the additives within the polymer particles can be achieved. The use of the colloidal system during incorporation of the additives into the polymer particles prevents clumping or agglomeration of the polymer particles. The invention avoids the use of toxic solvents. It is carried out at ambient temperatures that are below the temperatures normally employed when most other methods of incorporating additives into polymers are used, thus improving the economics of incorporating additives into the polymers and avoiding undesirable heat activated degradation of the additives or polymers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic of the inventive process.
NOVELTY - Provided is a humidifier for a fuel cell using porous films, which is mounted in a cathode and an anode line, therefore, which can supply moisture to hydrogen as a fuel gas and oxygen as an oxidizing agent by controlling humidity at different temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The humidifier comprises: a water storing part(10) comprising a water inlet pipe(14) mounted on the upper part of the water storing part(10) and an automatic temperature controller(16) mounted on the end of the water inlet pipe(14); a humidifying part comprising a sponge(12) mounted under the water storing part(10), a plate(18) having a plurality of holes(26) and mounted under the sponge(12), and the porous films(28) inserted in the holes(26). The automatic temperature controller(16) is operated by waste heat generated from a stack.
NOVELTY - A hydraulic medium for refrigerators contains isobutane and a mixed oil of a viscosity at 40 degrees C of 7 mm2/s or higher comprising one or more of naphthenic and paraffinic mineral oils and a polyol ester(s).    USE - Useful as a hydraulic medium for refrigerators using isobutane as the coolant.    ADVANTAGE - The refrigerators using the medium controls wear of the compressor effectively, avoids choking of capillary tubes and allows saving of annual power consumption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydraulic medium for refrigerators contains:    (A) isobutane; and    (B) a mixed oil of a viscosity at 40 degrees C of 7 mm2/s or higher comprising:    (1) one or more of naphthenic and paraffinic mineral oils; and    (2) a polyolester(s) (5-70 wt. %, based on the content of (B)).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a refrigerator having a refrigerating cycle circulating a coolant gas through mechanisms of condensing, dewatering, expanding and evaporating a coolant gas discharged from a coolant compressor by use of the medium.
NOVELTY - Reformer (6) for fuel cells, comprises fuel injectors for forming flame during starting, honey-comb shaped combustion catalyst layer (CL) provided on backwash side of fuel injector, honey-comb shaped modified catalyst layer provided on slip-stream side of CL. The fuel injector and gas blender (A) is provided between CL, and gas blender (B) is provided between CL and modified catalyst layer.    USE - For fuel cell to generate hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer stabilizes combustion reaction during starting of reformer. The time required for starting reformer is reduced hence combustion catalyst layer can be maintained at a temperature lower than heat resistance temperature. Therefore durability of combustion catalyst layer is improved and pressure loss in reaction tube made of inexpensive material can be reduced. The reformer is expensive, and excels in efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen gas is generated using reformer by reacting hydrocarbon type fuel, oxidation agent and water vapor. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell;    (b) Operating method of fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (6)    Modified catalyst layer (11)
NOVELTY - A filter (2) removes the pollutant from the raw water supplied from the water area (1). A cleaning unit (6) removes the pollutants adhering to the filter by using water. The waste water containing the pollutant is temporarily stored in the storage tank (3). The waste water is discharged to the water area from the tank.    USE - For purifying water supplied from lakes, marshes, river, drainage channel, sea, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since waste water is discharged to the water area, bad influence of pollutant is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of water purifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water area (1)    Filter (2)    Storage tank (3)    Cleaning unit (6)
NOVELTY - Processing a contaminated substance by inserting a microbial bed (1) or its ground material to a predetermined depth in contaminated soil. Alternately, only the surface layer of the soil is stirred and mixed with the microbial bed by sprinkling or injecting solution of microbial bed to the contaminated soil.    USE - For processing and decompose-treating soil contaminated with decomposition-resistant contaminating substance, such as organochlorine compounds like dioxin, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene contained in incineration ashes preferably ejected from waste material incineration field, aromatic carbohydrates such as solvent for substrate cleaning, benzopyrene, and mercury group substance.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient processing of soil contaminating substances, by sprinkling the microbial bed only on the surface layer of the contaminated soil, when compared to conventional large-sized machine used for dispersing microbial bed to the contaminated soil surface. The microbial bed efficiently decompose-treat contaminated soil, without being dispersed in the environment. The method enables very less utilization of the microbial bed, and provides easy handleability and improved workability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of the contaminating substance processing method.    Microbial bed (1)
NOVELTY - Processing polluting substance comprises sprinkling or injecting solution or the suspension of a microbial bed to the contamination soil.    USE - For processing polluted substance e.g. contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE - The polluted substance such as soil can be treated without being dispersed around, as force feeding pipe is inserted into the soil up to a predetermined depth. The processing is made simple as powder for forming microbial bed is supplied only to the surface layer of the soil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a force feeding pipe (2A) connected to a force feeding unit (2), is inserted to a predetermined depth into the contaminated soil. A pump (2B) generates pressure to supply the decomposition powder from a tank (1) through the pipe, so as to form a microbial bed in the soil.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the polluted substance processing arrangement.    Tank (1)    Force feeding unit (2)    Force feeding pipe (2A)    Pump (2B)
NOVELTY - A pollution substance processing compact, comprises a microbial bed (2) molded in the form of mat-like and a bar in the form of block, and spherical shape.    USE - For processing waste material or contaminated soil containing polluted substance.    ADVANTAGE - The microbial bed in the compact has a capacity for decomposing the polluted substance. The handling of compact is easy and the shape is retained for a long time. The compact is precise and transported easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of pollution substance processing compact.    Labyrinth structure (1)    Microbial bed (2)
NOVELTY - An oil component decomposition microbe which decomposes oil components at 60degreesC or more belongs to Bacillus stearothermophilus.    USE - For processing organic components of organic waste rejected from restaurants or kitchens of fast food outlets.    ADVANTAGE - The microbe effectively decomposes oil components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) processing organic waste, which involves acting organic waste containing organic components with decomposition microbe which decomposes oil components at 60degreesC; and    (2) an apparatus for treating organic waste comprising an organic waste decomposing tank equipped with a heater.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen supply apparatus (5) generates hydrogen by dehydrogenation of organic compound, which is reactive with oxygen to generate electric power.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of fuel cell and durability are improved, as hydrogen gas released from hydrogen supply apparatus contains neither carbon monoxide nor carbon dioxide and hence the vehicle is handled easily. Long distance traveling is enabled, as hydrogen density per volume is high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen supply apparatus (5)
NOVELTY - The theoretical hydrogen capacity of fuel cell (2) is setup, based on the operation condition of the fuel cell detected by a detector (21). Another detector (22) detects the actual hydrogen capacity of the fuel cell. A control unit (62) controls the supply of the hydrogen gas, so that the actual hydrogen capacity is made equal to the theoretical value.    USE - For supplying hydrogen gas to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the fuel cost, and the load fluctuations are reliably suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen fuel supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Detectors (21,22)    Control unit (62)
NOVELTY - Gas flow path forming elements (4) and flexible electroconductive material (5) are arranged between the concavo-convex shaped cell (C') rows. Electroconductive elements (4D) are arranged contacting the convex portion of the cells and the electroconductive material electrically.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances energy output. Reduces cost and improves durability of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell.    Gas flow path forming element (4)    Electroconductive element (4D)    Flexible electroconductive material (5)    Cell (C')
NOVELTY - The disc-shaped fuel cell has a hollow disc provided with a cell reaction route of a heating gas (F). A fuel gas passageway and a combustion gas route are provided in the center of disc in axial direction. The heating gas and combustion gas are emitted into a disc introduction line through an emission hole route.    USE - E.g. solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation efficiency is improved greatly, as the amount of unburnt gas is reduced significantly. The flow and distribution of air and fuel gas are made uniform and hence thermal stress is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view showing the composition of fuel cell system.    Heating gas (F)
NOVELTY - An electrolysis apparatus converts a portion of electric power from a solar battery and generates electricity. Alternately, a fuel cell (20) generates electricity using hydrogen stored in hydrogen storage tank.    USE - Domestic electric power supply system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables switching of electric power supply from solar battery or from fuel cell depending on necessity, and hence facilitates stabilization of electric power supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline component explanatory diagram of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (20)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator is electronically controlled depending on the difference between the actual and target demand for electric power in a vehicle using the hydrogen to generate power in a fuel cell. The generator has a first zone (10) with catalyst chemically reforming a gas mixture and a second zone (12) with devices forming a cold plasma in the gases. The devices are activated when the power generated is less than the power demand.    USE - Production of hydrogen for use in fuel cell to power a vehicle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (a) Generating hydrogen as above. (b) Apparatus producing hydrogen has a supply stage with storage for reagents connected to a reforming stage including the above generator. Preferred Features: The second zone is upstream of the first zone and has electrodes arranged along it and connected to a high voltage supply to produce the plasma. The plasma is also produced when the first zone is not up to its normal operating temperature. Downstream of the first zone is a zone (16) for oxidising carbon monoxide produced by the reforming.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a hydrogen generator    reforming zones (10,12)    supply zone (14)    oxidation zone (16)    reaction sector (18)    oxidation sector (20)
NOVELTY - Process for utilizing methane-containing biogas e.g. mine gas, waste gas and biogas produced from fermentation plants and digestion processes in clarifying plants involves feeding the gas to a gas motor of a gas motor/generator arrangement to produce a current. The inert gas content of the combustion air fed to the motor is reduced using a membrane separation device connected to the motor.    USE - For using methane-containing biogas produced from fermentation plants and digestion processes in clarifying plants.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Lean gas containing less than 40 vol.% methane is used to operate the motor. Atmospheric air is compressed and fed to a gas permeation module of the membrane separation device, whose membranes have a preferred permeability for O2. The permeate with a reduced inert gas content is withdrawn from the permeation module and fed to the gas motor as combustion air. The oxygen/nitrogen ratio of the combustion air is adjusted by the operation of the membrane separation device so that the gas motor is operated with a specified air ratio, preferably lambda = 1.5-1.8, preferably lambda = 1.6.
NOVELTY - Using methane-containing biogas produced from fermentation plants and digestion processes in clarifying plants comprises feeding the biogas to a gas motor of a gas motor/generator to produce a current. The biogas is separated into two gas streams in a membrane separation device, the first gas stream having a high methane content compared with the biogas composition and used as fuel gas to operate the gas motor, and the second gas stream enriched with CO2 is fed back into the process.    USE - Used for utilizing methane-containing biogas produced from fermentation plants and digestion processes in clarifying plants.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The biogas is compressed and fed to a gas permeation module of the membrane separation device, whose membranes have a preferred permeability for CO2. The retentate withdrawn from the membrane module on the pressure side is fed to the gas motor and the permeate is fed back to the process. Biogas with less than 40 vol.% methane is fed to the membrane separation device and the methane content of the fuel gas is enriched in the separation device to such an extent that the gas motor is operated with a specified air ratio, preferably lambda = 1.5-1.8, preferably lambda = 1.6.
NOVELTY - Process for burning animal meal, meat meal, bone meal and/or animal fat comprises mixing the meal with an additive which reduces the calorific value of the meal.    USE - Used in power stations, cement furnaces or other combustion devices.    ADVANTAGE - The combustion is harmless.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel for burning in power stations, cement furnaces or other combustion devices comprising animal meal, meat meal, bone meal and/or animal fat to which an additive has been added to reduce the calorific value of the meal.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell control system performs continuous adjustment of the internal compression of a compressor with the aid of a control element so that the suction pressure of the compressor is at atmospheric pressure and the internal compression always takes place at about the pressure in the delivery channel after the compressor.    USE - For controlling fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Operates very economically in the partial load region.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a rotary piston machine compressor and a rotary piston machine expander with a fuel cell between them (Drawing includes non-English text)
NOVELTY - At least one of the main outer surfaces (3, 4) of the plate body (1) includes distributed clusters (5) of corrosion-resistant, electrically-conducting material. The clusters consist of a noble metal or a mixture of a number of noble metals e.g platinum or gold.    USE - A bipolar fuel cell plate forming an electrical connection.    ADVANTAGE - The plate has high corrosion resistance under the conditions of use. It is relatively simple and economical to manufacture. Electrical conductivity of the cluster, and hence of the plate, is unaffected in operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding manufacturing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A perspective view of the plate is presented.    plate body (1)    main outer surfaces (3, 4)    distributed clusters (5)
NOVELTY - A circulation system for the separation of released and/or co-transported carbon dioxide from a coolant/fuel volume flow in an anode circuit, comprises at least one anode chamber of the fuel cell plant and at least one pump. The anode circuit (5) might have a degassing device (8) which is located between the anode chamber (4) and the pump (6) in the flow direction of the volume flow in front of the pump and has at least one entry opening (15) and an exit opening (16). The degassing device has an atomization device (spray nozzle, 19) and a region (gas drainage region, 17) with a cross-sectional expansion in the flow direction of the volume flow after the entry opening.    USE - For separation of released and/or co-transported carbon dioxide from coolant/fuel volume flow in anode circuit of direct methanol fuel cell plant    ADVANTAGE - Has compact design and allows the separation of carbon dioxide as dry gas independently of the temperature of the circuit system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a view of the circulation system.    anode chamber (4)    anode circuit (5)    pump (6)    degassing device (8)    entry opening (15)    exit opening (16)    gas drainage region (17)    spray nozzle (19)
NOVELTY - The present invention belongs to the field of chemical technology. Multi-stage counter current fractionating tower is used to separate and heat exchange light and heavy components in cracked gas through compression drying and heat exchange, and partially light component eliminating cracked gas is further separated in demethanizing tower. The demethanizing tower is operated at minus 72 to minus 75 degreesC, the top tail gas is recovered with absorbing tower AD1 to obtain ethylene, and the residual methane and hydrogen are further processed to obtain pure oxygen product. Absorbed and loaded ethylene is recovered after being desorbed.    USE - Ethylene production.    ADVANTAGE - The present invention has the features of reducing operating power consumption of demethanizing system and decreasing investment in equipment.
NOVELTY - In-vessel compost apparatus comprising: (a) a cylindrical vessel with mixing area of specific radius supported by support structures and rotated by a motor; and (b) baffles arranged in mixing area for agitating material within the vessel, which project inwardly from the wall of vessel from 15% to 50% of the cavity radius during vessel rotation, is new.    USE - For composting and recycling the organic waste in waste management and for production of soil enhancement products e.g. fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The operation reliability and safety are improved and the process is accelerated. The baffles circulate the material and improve homogeneity. The apparatus requires little operator attention and the running cost of the machine is reduced. The baffles serve to achieve uniform particle size of compost and optimizes aeration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for composting apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an elevational view of in-vessel composting apparatus.    Compost apparatus (10)    Cylindrical vessel (12)    Support structures (18,19)    Baffles (20)
NOVELTY - Waste treatment method for manufacturing fertilizer comprising: (a) heat treating waste material with heated fluid such that feed content for subsequent vermiculture process is preserved; (b) sterilizing pathogens, seeds, weeds and other germinaceous matter; and (c) subjecting material to vermiculture to produce fertilizer, is new.    USE - For organic and biodegradable waste generated from houses for manufacturing fertilizers and worm biomass used for bait, animal fodder, etc.    ADVANTAGE - As heat treating is performed, degradation of waste is reliable and easy. The pathogens that are harmful are sterilized and hence environmental hazard is eliminated. The vermiculture process is effective for degradation and product manufacture at less time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) waste treatment apparatus;    (b) cutting device for product from base of vermiculture treatment chamber;    (c) vermiculture treatment apparatus; and    (d) apparatus for pretreatment of waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of waste treatment process.    Waste material (12)
NOVELTY - A container comprising a computer controlled feed unit with electronic microswitch for feeding organic matter to inner housing accommodating worms, where the walls of the housing have apertures which retain organic matter and allow passage of worm castings, liquid expelled from organic matter and a closure disposed at one end of container allows access to housing and collection unit which collects castings and liquid, is new.    USE - In organic matter decomposition apparatus (claimed) using worms for production of organic fertilizers and compost.    ADVANTAGE - Since the container used is a standard shipping container module, waste contained within the container is sealed to prevent malodor during the composting process and thus reduces the incidence of air pollution. Since several containers are used, the containers form a part of a large scale system for decomposing large volumes of waste material on a scale that would cater for the waste disposal needs of an urban society. Automatic feeding of organic matter to the containers and automatic discharging of castings from the container is enabled. Worm casting production process is accelerated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) organic matter treatment system;    (b) apparatus for decomposing organic matter; and    (c) system for handling disposal of large volumes of waste containing organic matter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of organic matter decomposition apparatus.    Container (13)
NOVELTY - Grooves (38,39) are formed in anode side and cathode side surfaces of separators corresponding to the other peripheral portion of the anode or cathode electrode. The width of the groove is set to a range 2.0-4.0 mm, depth of the groove is set to a range 0.05-1.0 mm and diameter of the seal is set to a range 1.0-3.1 mm. A seal (S1) having a circular cross-section and a fin (F), is inserted into the grooves.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The differences in the seal stress between respective fuel cells are reduced, assembly of the seals is facilitated and excellent sealability is ensured. Since bending stress on the separator decreases, damage to the separators is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of fuel cell.    Grooves (38,39)    Fin (F)    Seal (S1)
NOVELTY - An anode exhaust gas orifice is provided between an anode exhaust gas passage and a mixing zone, such that flow of anode exhaust gas (38) is at an angle of 45-135 degrees C with respect to the flow of combined gas from a collection chamber. An exhaust passage is in contact with the mixing zone through a thermal exchanger.    USE - For solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system.    ADVANTAGE - By introducing the exhaust gases at sufficient angles into the mixing zone, uniform mixing of gases is achieved, resulting in complete combustion of the fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of using the waste energy recovery assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system.    Anode exhaust gas (38)
NOVELTY - A production method of fermentation fertilizer for the growth of plants is provided, which is characterized in that jade powder emitting far infrared ray and having a large quantity of mineral Mg is added to the components of fermentation fertilizer using waste food.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of: selecting other materials from waste food; washing and filtering to remove salt; fermenting at 25-45deg.C for 10-30days by adding bacteria of lactobacillus and bacillus and mixing with 45-50wt.% of water; mixing 60-80wt.% of prepared organic fertilizer with 20-40wt.% of jade powder, being 50-100mesh in size.
NOVELTY - To prepare environmentally-friendly microorganism media with a high porous volume and specific surface area, coconut fiber yarns are twisted as ring type and lock type without using any additive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microorganism media has a pair of rings (2) or two pairs of rings around wick (1). The width and length of the ring type media is 30-60mm and 50-100m, and the width and length of the lock type media is 30-100cm and 1-2.5m. At least one microorganism media is installed in an aerobic tank vertically.
NOVELTY - Novel extreme thermophile Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1 which shows viability at over 50 deg.C and produces lipase, thereby substituting environment-friendly remediation of oily waste for chemical remediation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Extreme thermophile Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1 (KFCC 11157) is separated by the steps of: collecting a sample from volcanic region in Indonesia; aerobically culturing extreme thermophile having assimilability at over 60 deg.C using aerobic medium; and separating a novel strain by serial dilution method and single colony isolation method. Separated Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1 belongs to gram positive Bacillus sp., has rod shape and movability, and forms spores.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for treating livestock excretions and for using the treatment water as a solution for cultivating organic vegetables is provided by utilizing heat generated during fermentation of organic materials in the excretions as a warming fuel in winter season.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus comprises a storage tank(1), a first micro-organism culturing bath(2), a first aeration tank(3), a sedimentation tank(4), a second aeration tank(5), a second micro-organism culturing bath(6); vacuum sludge tank(7); a cultivating solution chamber(8); a drainage pipe(8'); a filtering tank(9) formed by sands and gravels; a loess layer(10); a sandy loess layer(11); an activated carbon layer(12); a filtering net for the activated carbon(12); heat plates(13,14,15), air circulation fans(16,17); plants to be cultivated by the cultivating solution(18); a control fan of inner temperature(19); an oxidation tank(20); introducing bath(21); a house(a cultivation chamber by the cultivating solution)(22); an air blower(23) and a gas removal pipe(24).
NOVELTY - A method for the remediation of open dumping sites using in-situ bioremediation and ex-situ thermal desorption is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of (i) a rapid stabilization of landfill in which microorganisms, its nutrient, and air are injected into air injection pipe; (ii) an extraction of landfill gas (LFG) and odor elimination using biofilter; (iii) after excavation of landfill waste, a separation of coarse particles and inert waste; (iv) a separation of contaminated soil and vinyl using a 1st and a 2nd rotary screens; (v) a separation of inert waste and combustible waste using roller screen; (vi) a bioremediation of excavated soil using a bioreactor in which the decomposition conditions of the bioreactor are as follow: pH7-pH8, 20-50deg.C, humidity 40-50%. In the method, microorganism is complex microorganisms comprising Bacillus sp. khr-10-mx (KCTC 8533P), Cellulomonas sp. khr-15-mx (KCTC 8534P), khr-5-mx (KCTC 0078BP).
NOVELTY - A composition for treating organic wastes is provided, and further method of recycling organic waste using the same and apparatus therefor are provide to solve environmental pollution caused by organic wastes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An apparatus for treating organic wastes comprises the parts of a hopper screw (1) for inputting organic wastes; raw material tanks (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) which are connected to the hopper screw for supplying an organic waste treating agent comprising zeolite 40wt.%, bentonite 20wt.%, magnesium oxide 20wt.%, calcium oxide 10wt.%, ceramic 10wt.%; a belt conveyor (2) connected to the hopper screw for transferring raw material introduced; a magnetic separator (3) positioned at one end of the conveyor; a conveyor (4) connected to the magnetic separator for transferring raw material after separating iron; an agitator (5) which is connected to the conveyor and mix raw material and the organic waste treating agent; a conveyor (4) connected to the agitator and transferring mixed raw materials to a fermentation chamber (6).
NOVELTY - A phosphorylated sugar (A), glucan which consists of alpha-1,4-bound 3-5 glucoses and to which one phosphoric group binds, is new.    USE - This phosphorylated sugar or its derivatives are useful as fertilizer, feed, food, drink, and composition for oral use or wash.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) phosphorylated sugar derivative made of the phosphorylated sugar (A) with proteins or peptides bound to it, or made of the phosphorylated sugar or the phosphorylated sugar derivative (A1) with alkali earth metal or iron bound to it;    (2) method of producing the phosphorylated sugar by allowing amylolytic enzymes or amylolytic enzyme/saccharotransferase combination to react to phosphoric group-possessing starch or processed starch, where the amylolytic enzymes include combination of (i) end-type amylolytic enzymes including alpha-amylase and neopullulanase; (ii) exo-type amylolytic enzymes including beta-amylase and glucoamylase, and (iii) branch-cutting enzymes including isoamylase and pullulanase;    (3) method of producing the phosphorylated sugar derivative by allowing alkali earth metal salts or iron salts to react to the phosphorylated sugar; and    (4) fertilizer, feed, food, drink compositions, composition for oral use, wash, or additive composition for the above use, containing the phosphorylated sugar or its derivatives.
NOVELTY - The raw hydrocarbon is desulfurized and supplied to the steam reforming chamber (13) which forms hydrogen content gas, when heated by a combustion unit (14). The hydrogen content gas is subjected to denaturation and purified. The supply of raw hydrocarbon is initiated only when the temperature of the reforming chamber reaches a predetermined value.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Highly pure hydrogen is obtained without using nitrogen gas and hydrogen cylinders, reducing the operation cost and installation size. The start and stop of the apparatus are controlled automatically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Denaturation is performed by gas denaturation unit (15) which converts carbon monoxide in the hydrogen content gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The purified hydrogen is stored in a storage unit (18) and supplied to a fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for temperature control of stop of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus which involves stopping purification of hydrogen content gas, and the supply of air to the combustion unit is reduced gradually. The oxygen concentration in the combustion gas ejected from the combustion unit, and the supply of raw hydrocarbon are reduced gradually. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is stopped after the temperature of the reaction reduces to a desired value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the start of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Steam reforming chamber (13)    Combustion unit (14)    Gas denaturation unit (15)    Storage unit (18)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell is switched to standby condition and the amount of heating gas supplied to the modifier (3) and the modifier operation are stabilized when main power supply is interrupted.    USE - E.g. for supplying electric power to the external load during main power supply interruption period.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for control apparatus for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)
NOVELTY - A heating unit (19) heats solvent oil circulated external to a dissolution tank (7) accommodating waste plastics, in order to melt the waste plastics. A cooling system (24) cools the gas ejected from a combustion furnace (21) during melting. A solid-liquid separator (8) separates insoluble impurities from the solvent oil containing molten waste plastics.    USE - For recycling waste plastics to be used as fuel.    ADVANTAGE - As solvent oil is circulated external to the tank, the inner walls of the tank are not burnt during heating, and melting of plastic is carried out efficiently. The solvent oil can be easily reformed and used as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the waste plastics recycling apparatus.    Dissolution tank (7)    Solid-liquid separator (8)    Heating unit (19)    Combustion furnace (21)    Cooling system (24)
NOVELTY - A supply unit (1) supplies raw material to a modification unit (3) which is connected to fuel and air feed zones (9,10). The fuel feed zone supplies formation gas to a burner (8) until the burner is ignited. The output of fuel feed zone is gradually reduced and stopped, on ignition of the burner. The supply of air from air feed zone is reduced with reduction in supply of formation gas.    USE - For starting hydrogen generator using raw materials selected from the group containing natural gas, LPG, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene and methanol, for supplying hydrogen use apparatus such as fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens starting time and ensures stable combustion condition by altering supply of air and raw material with respect to fuel supply and by maintaining modification catalyst at a uniform temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The supply of air and raw material are increased, when fuel supply is stopped. The temperature of the modification catalyst is maintained uniformly during the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen generator starting method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Supply unit (1)    Modification unit (3)    Burner (8)    Fuel feed zone (9)    Air feed zone (10)
NOVELTY - A porous plate comprises an expanded mesh produced using a silver plate (1) as the base material. The thickness of the silver plate (1) is 0.05-0.3 mm. After mixing binder with silver powder plate, which volatilizes on baking, and fixing to the mesh base material, porous layer (3) is formed by bake processing the mixture in a reducing environment at 300-700 degreesC.    USE - As electrode base material, as metal filter for filtration of liquid, gas, corrosive gas and various kinds of oil for fuel cells and as electrodes for electrolysis.    ADVANTAGE - Silver porous plate having excellent mechanical strength, is produced at low cost. The material shows excellent characteristics when used as a base material for gas diffusion electrodes. The plate has good corrosion resistance even in extreme acidic or alkaline environments.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reducing environment is formed by the circulation of hydrogen containing gas. The dimensions of the expanded mesh, are Lw=1-3mm, Sw=0.5-2mm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of enlarged silver porous plate.    Silver plate (1)    Porous layer (3)
NOVELTY - Soil microbes are Bacillus coagulans and/or Bacillus carculanns (FERM P-17807).    USE - For decomposing and recycling organic waste as feed and fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The soil microbes effectively decompose organic waste and the decomposed material is recycled as feed and fertilizer. The feed improves the coefficient of digestibility in the enterobacterium of livestock and upgrades health. The regenerated product effectively maintains the nutritional balance of field soil as fertilizer. The decomposed product has a high storage stability and prevents root rot in the crops. The soil microbes enable mineral component in the soil to dissolve by carbon dioxide and thereby, increases the uptake of minerals by the crops.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fertilizer and a feed which comprises an effective quantity of soil microbes.
NOVELTY - In a process to dispose of slaughterhouse residues, the animal wastes are minced and heated for a given time at 150-250 degreesC, followed by subjecting to pressure of 10-50 bar, creating a hydrolysis solution.    USE - Process to convert slaughterhouse wastes into electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The process disposes of slaughterhouse wastes without any residues.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a process to dispose of slaughterhouse residues, the animal wastes are minced and heated for a given time at 150-250 degreesC, followed by subjecting to pressure of 10-50 bar, creating a hydrolysis solution. The hydrolyzed charge is then released into one of three containers under pressure, and the pressure is then reduced while the charge cools. The hydrolyzed solution is then broken down by microbial activity.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an assembly in which the hydrolyzed solution is held for at least 20 minutes and more than 3 bar at a temperature of more than 133 degreesC. Hot vapors released at this stage are discharged via a first heat exchanger (2) which pre-heats biogenic residues. The three containers are charged in succession to provide a quasi-continuous process. The product of the microbial activity is biogas which is used to generate electrical energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a block diagram of the process. (Drawing includes non English-language text).    Mincer (1)    First heat exchanger (2)    Second heat exchanger (3)    High temperature sterilization (4)    First ring pipe (5)    First pipe (6)    Second ring pipe (7)    Second pipe (8)    Fermenter (9)    Biogas user point (10)    Third pipe (11)    Branch pipe (12)    Valves (13)    Feed pipe (14)    First container bank (A, B, 0C)    Second container (D)
NOVELTY - A compound in a zeolite is selectively absorbed by deforming the zeolite by an external mechanical force, such that the zeolite selectively absorbs the compound.    USE - The method is used for selective absorption of compound, particularly gases, in zeolite. It is also used for the production of oxygen from air, for gas storage, or for storage of radioactive gases or liquids.    ADVANTAGE - The invented method improves selectivity, energy requirement, and freedom of choice.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a method for producing oxygen from air comprising the above method, where the deformation is carried out such that windows of at least part of the pores of the zeolite have a diameter of 0.346-0.364 nm; (B) a method for separating carbon dioxide from methane comprising the above method, where the deformation is carried out such that the windows of at least part of the pores of the zeolite have a diameter of 0.33-0.38 nm; (C) a method for storing hydrogen comprising the above method, where the compound is hydrogen; (D) a method for catalytic conversion using a zeolite comprising deforming the zeolite by an external mechanical force such that the Bronstedt acidity of the zeolite changes; and (E) an apparatus comprising a zeolite crystal(s), provided with mechanism to exert an adjustable mechanical force on the zeolite crystal, and for admitting and/or releasing gases.
NOVELTY - A garden compost (10) sieve consists of a drum with a series of flat sieve wall (4,5) panels and end-faces (4) supported at each end by a center bearing, where the drum revolves about an axis (9) and has a hinged sidewall hatch (3) through which it is filled with compost.    USE - The apparatus is used as a garden compost sieve with a rotating drum.    ADVANTAGE - The rotating action accelerates the physical break down of part-rotted substances by mechanical grinding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side-view of the drum of the sieve, positioned above a wheelbarrow.    drum (1)    drum axis (9)    sieve panels (4,5)    compost (10)
NOVELTY - Isolating non-genetically engineered naturally-occurring non-pathogenic pollutant-degrading or pollutant-transforming rhizobial strains suitable for the bioremediation or biorestoration of soils or waters contaminated with fertilizer-nitrate or complex substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, is new.    USE - The method is used to isolate a Rhizobium bacterium (claimed). The bacterium is used for bioremediating, degrading or cleansing harmful or unwanted industrial, military or agricultural chemicals, in a soil or water environment. It can be used as a biofertilizer or bioherbicide to improve the quality of agricultural or recreational sites (claimed). It is useful for the removal of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrates and other contaminants from soils and waters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Isolating a bacterium from the genus Rhizobium which has the ability to bioremediate, degrade or cleanse harmful or unwanted industrial, military or agricultural chemicals in a soil or water environment comprises:    (a) collecting a soil or water sample from a contaminated environment;    (b) isolating native rhizobial species by trapping them with leguminous plant seedlings; and    (c) screening the species for their ability to tolerate and destroy, reduce or stabilize contaminants in the sample.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) isolating the bacterium so it may act as a biofertilizer or bioherbicide in a soil environment;    (2) bioremediating, degrading or cleansing unwanted chemicals in the environment using the bacterium, which may be preselected and pre-screened from a library, or adapted for its ability to transform or metabolize chemicals through several cycles of growth in the presence of the unwanted chemicals;    (3) treating contaminated environment by planting a host leguminous plant crop in order to speed up its treatment by the implanted rhizobial strains.
NOVELTY - A treatment apparatus for livestock and foodstuff wastes comprises a fermentation vessel, a moving frame, and a trolley. The trolley has an agitator comprising screw blades and a screw shaft having air outlets. An electromagnet(s) is installed in the lower part of the trolley for extracting unwanted substances.    USE - For use in treating livestock and foodstuff wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive apparatus includes electromagnet(s) that can effectively extract and eliminate unwanted substances, e.g., pieces of vinyl or metal, thus allowing for the production of high quality farmyard manure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A treatment apparatus for livestock and foodstuff wastes comprises a fermentation vessel, a moving frame, and a trolley (5). The moving frame is installed on top of the fermentation vessel such that the frame moves in longitudinal direction of the vessel. The trolley is installed on the moving frame such that the trolley moves in transverse direction of the vessel. The trolley has an agitator comprising screw blades and a screw shaft (8) having air outlets. An electromagnet(s) (12) is installed in the lower part of the trolley for extracting unwanted substances.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of the trolley.    Trolley (5)    Driving motor (6)    Screw shaft (8)    Hydraulic cylinder (10, 151)    Plunger (11)    Electromagnet (12)    Lifting mechanism (105)    Supporting shaft (106)    Rotating mechanism (107)    Unwanted substances eliminating tools (108)    Piston rod (152)
NOVELTY - Processing of plant wastes with a granular, fibrous or flocculant structure for disposal by combustion comprises mixing the waste with 3-5 wt.% of an additive based on silicic acid.    USE - The process is especially applicable to coffee grounds produced as a waste material from the manufacture of instant coffee, but can also be applied to other plant wastes, e.g. from the pressing of olives or sugar cane.    ADVANTAGE - The additive facilitates compression of the waste into briquettes and improves combustion of the briquettes by binding free water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel comprising:    (a) 95-97 wt.% plant waste with a granular, fibrous or flocculant structure; and    (b) an additive based on silicic acid.
NOVELTY - Multicomponent composite membrane comprises active layers and support layers between active layers.    USE - Used for water treatment, hemodialysis, enzyme purification, patches for drug delivery, gas separation, pervaporation, reverse osmosis, or electrolysis separation (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has improved permeability due to the presence of pores of controllable size. Adequate adhesion strength between the support layer and the active layer is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) preparation of the multicomponent composite membrane which comprises preparing a precursor film by injection of a polymer, annealing the precursor film at less than a m.pt. of the polymer, irradiating ion beams on surface(s) of the annealed film, coating both surfaces of the film with a polymer solution, drying the coated precursor film, low temperature-stretching the dried film at temperature less than room temperature, high temperature-stretching the precursor film at temperature less than the m. pt. of the polymer, and heat-setting under tension at temperature less than the m. pt. of the polymer; and    (2) a rechargeable lithium ion battery or a rechargeable lithium ion polymer battery comprising the multi-component composite membrane as a separator.
NOVELTY - A seal (10a,10b) for use in a solid oxide fuel cell (22), comprises a matrix of ceramic fibers and solid particles interspersed between the ceramic fibers.    USE - Used in a solid oxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - An effective seal can be formed by densely compressing ceramic powder within the fiber matrix and thereby forming a very torturous leak path for the gases. The fiber matrix acts as a physical restraint to the ceramic powder, and protects the shape of ceramic powder throughout its service life. The ceramic powder is very tightly packed into the alumina matrix, but is not sintered into a contiguous member and remains unsintered at the operating temperatures of the fuel cell. Hence the seal retains some flexibility and the seal may flex or experience thermal expansion or contraction without breaking down. The seal acts as a non-hermetic effective seal, when compressed or pre-compressed in the fuel cell leakage paths. The seal is not affixed to the contact surfaces of the cell, and thereby allows parts of the cell in contact with the seal to slide past each other as they move due to thermal differences, which allows the seal to resist vibrations, encountered in an automotive environments.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gasket seal formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell comprising seal.    Seals (10a,10b)    Fuel cell (22)
NOVELTY - Amount of gas supplied by compressor is changed during transition period of fuel cell, to change opening of pressure control valve (8A).    USE - For control of fuel cell system (claimed) used for power generation in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - By changing opening of pressure control valve, air pressure is controlled to target pressure during transition period, thereby operation efficiency of the fuel cell in improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the configuration diagram of vehicle drive line.    Pressure control valve (8A)
NOVELTY - Cellulose in a sausage casing is converted to lactic acid or ethanol by treating the spent casing with cellulase and a lactic acid- or ethanol-producing microorganism.    USE - For converting cellulose in a sausage casing to lactic acid used as food additive or in manufacture of plastics, or ethanol used as fuel or as an industrial feedstock.    ADVANTAGE - The method permits cellulose conversion without washing or removing nitrates, nitrites, and salts from the casings. The method produces useful end products while reducing economic and environmental costs associated with the disposal of spent cellulose sausage casings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method of producing an enzyme from solid substrate cultivation of a cellulolytic fungus, comprising inoculating spent cellulose sausage casings with a cellulolytic fungus, and incubating the inoculated casings to allow the fungus to produce an enzyme including cellulase, xylanase, hemicellulase, or pectinase; and    (b) a method of producing a feed grade protein from solid substrate cultivation of a cellulolytic fungus, comprising inoculating spent cellulose sausage casings with a cellulolytic fungus, and incubating the inoculated casings to allow the fungus to hydrolyze at least a portion of the cellulose to glucose and to convert the glucose to protein.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the percent conversion of cellulose during ethanol fermentation of spent cellulose sausage casings incubated with cellulase, cellulase plus Kluveromyces marxianus yeast, or without cellulase and yeast.
NOVELTY - Propellant for liquid-propellant rocket engines used in cryogenic stages of spacecraft and launch vehicles has methane-based propellant and oxidizer. Mixture of methane and ethylene, mole content of methane from 5 to 25%, is used as propellant.    USE - Spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Increased mass of injected payload.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Use of proposed propellant in medium class launch vehicles, capacity 300 Lt, makes it possible to reduce mass of launch vehicle, as compared with vehicles operating on methane and oxygen propellant, by approx. 2%, which is equivalent to increase of mass of injected payload by approx. 6.5%. Mass of injected payload is increased by approx. 7.5%, as compared with vehicles operating on kerosene+oxygen propellant.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for treating food waste is provided to remove stench constituents contained in the vapor by forcibly circulating vapor discharged during the treatment process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for treating food waste comprises a fermentation vessel (10) having a heating means (20); a condenser (30) into which vapor generated from the fermentation vessel (10) is introduced, wherein the condenser (30) discharges condensed water to the outside; a deodorizing unit (50) into which some of vapor that is not condensed in the condenser is introduced, wherein the deodorizing unit gasifies the vapor by heating the vapor introduced in, and burns and removes stench constituents contained in the vapor; and a heat exchanger (40) into which some of vapor that is not condensed in the condenser and a high temperature gas discharged from the deodorizing unit (50) are introduced so as to transfer latent heat of the gas to the vapor, wherein the heat exchanger (40) supplies the heat exchange completed vapor into the fermentation vessel, and discharges the heat exchange completed gas to the outside.
NOVELTY - A method which provides a fermentation treatment facility involves opening arbitrary holes at arbitrary intervals, and joining water supply pipe constructed for temporary use, to an air blower.    USE - For providing fermentation treatment facility such as compost.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides fermentation treatment facility such as compost.
NOVELTY - A denaturation catalyst is provided in a hydrogen formation apparatus which comprises of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas feed zone which supplies hydrogen gas containing water vapor. The denaturation catalyst comprises of metallic oxide and noble metals. The temperature of the catalyst is increased to 700degreesC from 200degreesC, in an oxidizing atmosphere.    USE - For hydrogen formation for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A stable supply of hydrogen is achieved. The oxidation state of the denaturation catalyst metallic oxide is improved. The catalytic activity of the denaturation catalyst is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of hydrogen formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen gas feed zone (1)    Denaturation portion (4)    Denaturation catalyst (4a)
NOVELTY - The container comprises a set of modification regions with heat insulating materials. Heating gas is introduced to the container through an inlet to modify the hydrogen gas content in the modification regions.    USE - The fuel modifier is used as fuel cells in motor vehicles and to supply power to homes.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal efficiency and transformation efficiency of the fuel modifier becomes high even during low temperature conditions. The engine starting properties of vehicles are improved, due to use of hydrocarbon fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of fuel modifier.    Container (1)    Heat insulating material (2)    Modification regions (3,4)    Inlet (9)
NOVELTY - Solid or dry fuel containing inflammable solid waste raw material is carbonized to form granular or powder carbonized charcoal (2). A suitable amount of coagulant (3) or curing agent is added to the charcoal and strip-shaped cylindrical thread-like spherical carbonized material (5) is obtained.    USE - For building material, environmental conservation improvement material.    ADVANTAGE - The carbonization processed material has sufficient water absorbent property, sound absorptivity, deodorant property, heat retaining property and sterilization purification property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the carbonized material.    Carbonized board (1)    Carbonized material (2)    Coagulant (3)    Spherical carbonized material (5)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer fuel cell has a catalyst layer (11) and a porous gaseous diffusion layer (3) formed sequentially on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film. Separators (I) and (II) are provided respectively on each of the gaseous diffusion layer. The amount of electrolyte in the catalyst layer changes along the thickness direction and the longitudinal direction.    USE - Power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The gaseous diffusion layer has excellent gas diffusion property and prevents inhibition of gas diffusion due to the presence of moisture content. The regulation of electrolyte content in the catalyst layer is made easier so adjusting gas diffusion property arbitrarily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separator (I) has fuel gas passage way for supplying and ejecting heating gas comprising hydrogen, and is provided on one of the gaseous diffusion layers. The separator (II) has oxidizing gas passage way for supplying and ejecting oxidizing gas, and is provided on the other gaseous diffusion layer. The catalyst layer comprises the catalyst powder and electrolyte.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer fuel cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows catalyst layer formed on gaseous diffusion layer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Porous gaseous diffusion layer (3)    Catalyst layer (11)
NOVELTY - A seal (55) covers the aperture between rotors (3,5) to prevent fluid from leaking out of a rotor chamber (11). The seal is protected from excessive pressure by a by-pass route (21) through which part of the fluid pressure is released to the inlet (13) side of the rotor chamber.    USE - For fuel cell of electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Negates need to use expensive pressure-resistant seals. Minimizes the noise released from the by-pass route since the route is not externally exposed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the fluid machinery.    Rotors (3,5)    Rotor chamber (11)    Inlet (13)    By-pass route (21)    Seal (55)
NOVELTY - The gas sensor sets metallic oxide semiconductor film which sensitizes detection gas and changes resistance value, as gas detection component (5). The metallic oxide semiconductor film consists of tin oxide, pentavalent transition metal (M1) and trivalent transition metal (M2).    USE - For detecting combustible gas comprising methane for town gas, propane gas, and carbon monoxide gas.    ADVANTAGE - The gas sensor has high sensitivity. Oxygen in the air can be adsorbed stably on the surface of metallic oxide semiconductor, even if humidity is very high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of thin film gas sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas detection component (5)
NOVELTY - The waste is crushed and then enclosed in a sealed cell without oxygen. Bacterial biomethanisation of the waste is then carried out by anaerobic fermentation whilst the humidity and temperature are controlled and maintained at 45 -60% and 45 -60 degrees C respectively for a period of less than or equal to 10 years, preferably less than or equal to 5 years    USE - Treatment of household and industrial waste    ADVANTAGE - Environmentally friendly and economical method of waste disposal without the production of noxious or polluting gases and liquids    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The means of maintaining the humidity and temperature of the waste is by controlling the amount and concentration of a liquid enriched in nutriments and microorganisms. The pH in the cell is between 5 and 10, preferably between 7.5 and 8.5. The liquid is a lixiviat from another young cell. The biomethanisation reaction is total and the waste produced is biologically inert. The biogas produced during biomethanisation is used for different processes such as lighting, heating, electricity generation or cogeneration. The waste after biomethanisation is dried by evacuating the liquid from the cell, removed from the cell, and undergo a further process of extraction, screening, sieving, incineration, conditioning or deferrisation. The results are stored, incinerated or burned. Installation for carrying out this process, comprising at least one sealed cell with means of feeding a liquid rich in nutriments and means of extracting a lixiviat, means of extracting biogas, and means of controlling the hygrometry, temperature and pH. The base and sides of the cell have a layer of china clay to make them impermeable passively and a high density polyethylene membrane for active impermeability. The installation includes a water treatment plant, rainwater drainage, a composting unit and a sorting station. The installation contains 7 cells which are used in heptennial rotation.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has an electrode including a catalyst layer and a diffusion layer. The catalyst layer is sectioned into portions including upstream and downstream portions along a reactant gas flow direction. The upstream portion has a structure for preventing a drying-up of the cell, and the downstream portion has a structure for preventing a flooding of the cell.    USE - Used as polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents drying-up of the cell at the upstream portion and flooding of the cell at the downstream portion so electric voltage and output power of the cell and power efficiency are increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front elevation of a cell plane of the fuel cell sectioned into zones along the gas flow direction.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generator comprises ceramic carrier defining a fuel processor with a reaction zone including a reforming catalyst, an inlet channel for liquid fuel and an outlet channel for hydrogen enriched gas.    USE - The hydrogen generator is used to produce hydrogen enriched gas used as a fuel for electricity production, combustion engines and chemical processing devices.    ADVANTAGE - Multi layer ceramic technology reduces size and improves performance of generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a simplified orthogonal view of a hydrogen generator with channels.    hydrogen generator (10)    multilayer ceramic structure (12)    fuel processor (14)    vaporization chamber (16,18)    integrated heat source (28)    fuel inlet (20)    preferential oxidation reactor (21)    fuel outlet (22)    methanol/water source (24)    methanol source (26)    chemical heater (28)    thermal insulator (36)    exhaust outlet (38)
NOVELTY - The device has individual polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and feeds for reaction media and wetting water. At least one wetting water feed (12) passing through the stack is connected via a first set of openings (15) to at least one reaction medium feed (10) passing through the stack connected via a second set of openings or interruptions (18) to anode or cathode side reaction medium distribution volumes (4) in the fuel cells (2).    USE - Wetting polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy, efficient management of wetting water depending on operating parameters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of wetting polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of part of a fuel cell stack with a wetting water feed    wetting water feed (12)    first set of openings (15)    reaction medium feed (10)    reaction medium feed interruptions (18)    reaction medium distribution volumes (4)    fuel cells (2)
NOVELTY - A method and an apparatus for removing impurities contained in hydrogen using a rare earth alloy are provided to reduce energy consumption for producing hydrogen having a high purity by separating and removing impurities such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and moisture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method for removing impurities contained in hydrogen using a rare earth alloy is characterized in that hydrogen having a high purity is manufactured by a method in which pressurization and pressure reduction by separate pressurizing and pressure reducing units are not required using two or more refining columns in which the rare earth alloy is filled and production heating of units themselves so as to continuously manufacture hydrogen having a high purity (99.99% or more) by using hydrogen having a low purity (99 to 99.99%) as a raw gas and removing impurities of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and moisture contained in the raw gas. The apparatus for removing impurities contained in hydrogen using a rare earth alloy is characterized in that hydrogen having a high purity is manufactured by a method in which pressurization and pressure reduction by separate pressurizing and pressure reducing units are not required using two or more refining columns in which the rare earth alloy is filled and production heating of units themselves so as to continuously manufacture hydrogen having a high purity (99.99% or more) by using hydrogen having a low purity (99 to 99.99%) as a raw gas and removing impurities of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and moisture contained in the raw gas.
NOVELTY - The furnace has an ejection hood (2) provided at the carbonization gas exhaust port (5) of a rotary kiln (1). An emission hood (3) with an auxiliary burner (6) is provided at the discharge port (7). A tubular protective film (10) is provided in the emission hood.    USE - For carbonizing organic substance such as sewage sludge, human waste sludge, paper manufacture sludge, livestock dung, food processing residuum.    ADVANTAGE - Since a tubular protective film is provided in the emission hood, contact of the combustion air of a burner with a product in emission hood side, is prevented and hence the combustion air is reliably supplied to the combustion zone in rotary kiln.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the counterflow direct fire-type carbonization furnace. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Rotary kiln (1)    Ejection hood (2)    Emission hood (3)    Carbonization gas exhaust port (5)    Auxiliary burner (6)    Discharge port (7)    Tubular protective film (10)
NOVELTY - The gasoline and water are supplied into a modifier tank (34) from tanks (20, 24), respectively. A stirrer (30) mixes the water and gasoline continuously until the entire mixture is evaporated using an evaporator (32).    USE - For hydrogen concentrated fuel gas generation.    ADVANTAGE - Mixing rate of fuel and water is changed to desired condition, thereby effective water vapor modification is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a fuel modification method;    (b) a fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tanks (20,24)    Stirrer (30)    Evaporator (32)    Modifier tank (34)
NOVELTY - A processing method of organic waste involving adjusting the moisture content of peat to such a level that it will break without solidifying, even during continuous stirring, is new. The organic waste is added to peat and is stirred continuously or intermittently, using stirring device, which decomposes the organic waste. The peat contains an aerobic gram positive Bacillus.    USE - For treating organic waste such as vegetable waste. For treating the organic waste from small-scale plants.    ADVANTAGE - Odor generated due to microbe effects, during decomposition of the organic waste, is reduced. The stagnation of the odor by the mixture adhering to inner wall face of an organic waste processing machine is prevented. The organic waste processing method is simple and the processing capacity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for process material used for processing organic waste.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen released from hydrogen storage container (10) is supplied to fuel cell (11). The unreacted hydrogen ejected from fuel cell is supplied again by the pumping plant (30).    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Cost reduction is achieved as hydrogen is recirculated efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen storage container (10)    Fuel cell (11)    Pumping plant (30)
NOVELTY - A reformation portion (10) reforms a hydrocarbon fuel to gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A shift reaction portion (15) converts the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the presence of water vapor. A water-supply mixing portion (20) bent vertically by 180 degrees, vaporizes the water sprayed by an injection nozzle (22), by heat-exchange with reformed gas.    USE - Fuel reformer for producing hydrogen-rich heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need of special heat source for vaporization of water, by performing heat-exchange with reformed gas. Hence improves thermal efficiency of the entire apparatus. Simplifies installation process by employing bent mixing portion, containing all the necessary units.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the outline of the components of fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformation portion (10)    Shift reaction portion (15)    Water-supply mixing portion (20)    Injection nozzle (22)    Water-drain mechanism (23)    Water-pool (24)    Air-current generator (33)    Propeller (36)    Controller (40)    Fin (44)
NOVELTY - The modifier has spacers and several metal thin plates which are laminated with catalyst. A brazing material is melted by a high frequency induction heating coil (7) and is applied to a periphery portion of each metal thin plate.    USE - For manufacturing lamination type methanol modifier, for use with fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The methanol modifier is produced with sufficient thermal efficiency using the metal thin plates without any degradation of the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of the methanol modifier.    Induction heating coil (7)
NOVELTY - A combustion portion (11) and modification portion (12) are formed by laminating the thin plate. One surface (1A) of thin plate is equipped with combustion catalyst (1a) and the other surface (1B) is equipped with modification catalyst (1b). A vaporization portion (13) is integrally provided in the laminated combustion and modification portions.    USE - For fuel cell of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent thermal efficiency is achieved. Enables mass production of methanol modifier at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of methanol modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion catalyst (1a)    Modification catalyst (1b)    Surfaces of thin plate (1A,1B)    Combustion portion (11)    Modification portion (12)    Vaporization portion (13)
NOVELTY - Inner tubing (11P) holds the platinum-palladium catalyst where the first stage oxidative reforming of feedstock occurs. Initially these hot gases are let directly into the CO reducer module (4) through a valve (14). This raises the temperature of the module (4). The valve (14) is closed, and the gases undergo second stage reforming over a rhodium catalyst in the intermediate tubing (12P) to form hydrogen. The regular routing of hydrogen-laden gases into the module (4) occurs through the outer tubing (13P).    USE - In fuel cells hydrogen serves as the prime feedstock to generate DC electrical power directly using oxygen, with water as the byproduct.    ADVANTAGE - Helps to reduce the warm up period for the hydrogen generator plant to become functionally operative.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional outline of the dual stage catalytic reformer showing the structural arrangements as well as the gaseous flowpaths. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon monoxide reducer module (4)    Through-pass valve (14)    Inner tubing (11P)    Intermediate tubing (12P)
NOVELTY - The dehydrated sludge (10) is added with a polymerization agent and stirred to form granules, which are then mixed with soil suitable for plant growth, heated during stirring to remove water content in it, and ground.    USE - For recycling of sludge from water treatment facility of construction site for greening.    ADVANTAGE - Sludge is recycled effectively for greening.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for recycling method of sludge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire block diagram of sludge recycling system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Dehydrated sludge (10)
NOVELTY - A fluid bed catalytic reactor (16) is provided to generate hydrogen by combination of hot catalyst particle from heat exchanger (20) and modification gas from compressor (14). A solid gas separator (28) is provided to separate and supply hydrogen gas to fuel cell (32) and catalyst particle which is heated by used gas from fuel cell in heat exchanger.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen by catalyst direct-type fluid bed, used in industrial applications such as fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced by high reaction rate without causing damage, occlusion of a reactor as the catalyst is circulated to heat-exchanger and is heated by used fuel gas from fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic outline diagram of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Compressor (14)    Fluid bed catalytic reactor (16)    Heat exchanger (20)    Solid gas separator (28)    Fuel cell (32)
NOVELTY - Microbiological preparation of polyesters.    USE - The method is used for the preparation of copolymer polyesters P of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (3HB-co-3HH).    ADVANTAGE - Preparation of polyesters with various 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (3HH) molar ratios.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of copolymer polyesters P of 3-hydroxybutyric acid of formula HO-CH(CH3)CH2COOH (1) and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid of formula HO-CH(C3H7)CH2COOH (2) (3HB-co-3HH) using combinations of at least 2 carbon sources composed of fat, particularly coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil or triglyceryl hexanoate, and/or fatty acids, particularly 6 - 10C (un)saturated fatty acids, their esters or salts, with different carbon numbers, particularly under control of molar ratio of 3HH, particularly 1 - 40 mol %, using a microorganism, particularly transformed microorganisms prepared with a recombinant vector containing polyester polymerization enzyme gene isolated from Aeromonas caviae, especially Alcaligenes eutrophus (Ralstonia eutropha).
NOVELTY - Organic fermentation auxiliaries, e.g. chitin, and inorganic fermentation auxiliaries, e.g. potassium are mixed and moisture content is adjusted. An antagonistic microorganism spore is mixed with the mixture under acidic condition and solid fermentation is performed, to obtain an antagonistic microorganism containing fermented material.    USE - Used as fertilizer in fields (claimed), such as agricultural field.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables effective usage of waste material, such as organic waste material which was discarded conventionally. The method is simple and forms fertilizer which is economical. The fermented material can be used as such without any modifications. The antagonistic nature of the microbial spores prevents propagation of harmful microorganisms and promotes growth of crops. The enzyme of the antagonistic microorganisms enables decomposition of un-decomposed residue of soil, hence improves growth of crops even in un-used fields.
NOVELTY - Bacillus polymixa which competes with plant pathogenic microbe such as Streptomyces, is new.    USE - For use in plant pathogenic microbe control material, and compost (all claimed), for competing and controlling plant pathogenic Streptomyces microbes causing disease in plants, such as scab of potato, sugar beet and Japanese radish, damping-off of sweet potato, and elephantiasis of potato.    ADVANTAGE - The Bacillus polymixa and Bacillus subtilis are novel bacteria, and have high competence property to the plant pathogenic microbe especially Streptomyces. The control material and compost containing the novel bacteria, are effective in controlling various diseases of plants such as scab of potato, sugar beet and Japanese radish, damping-off of sweet potato, and elephantiasis of potato, caused by the plant pathogenic microbes. The novel bacteria does not utilize chemical agents such as agrochemicals, while controlling the diseases of plants. Hence, conventional accumulation of chemical agents inside the human body, and contamination of natural environment due to raw food and residues, and destruction of eco-system, are efficiently prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Bacillus subtilis which competes with plant pathogenic microbe of Streptomyces;    (2) a plant pathogenic microbe control material which contains Bacillus polymixa and/or Bacillus subtilis; and    (3) a compost which contains Bacillus polymixa and/or Bacillus subtilis.
NOVELTY - A porous carbon material is manufactured by reduction defluorination of fluorine resin with an alkali metal or alkali metal containing solution. The reaction product containing defluorinated carbonaceous material and alkali metal fluoride, is subjected to acid treatment, and alkali metal fluoride is removed. The defluorinated carbonaceous material is used as a carbon precursor.    USE - As occlusion material of gas such as hydrogen and methane, electrode material of a secondary battery and electrical double layer capacitor material, and for electronic devices, removal of impurities in gas or liquid, gas separation and solvent recovery.    ADVANTAGE - The porous carbon material having uniform pore diameter (1-50 nm) and size, is manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of carbon precursor by removing alkali metal fluoride from defluorinated carbonaceous material and treatment with hydrofluoric acid, after heat processing the reaction product in vacuum at 200-500degreesC.
NOVELTY - Continuously producing pulp from biomass involves subjecting aqueous biomass feed to pressure of 100-25 bar, and keeping at no more than 280degreesC for up to 60 minutes.    USE - Pulp for generating energy (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Use of biomass to produce fuels reduces pollution generated by conventional fossil fuels, which are also a finite resource. The reliability of current biomass conversion method is variable, but the novel method offers improved reliability, which thus increases economic feasibility of the fuel option. The biomass is derived into different fractions suitable for a range of applications, with little resulting waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for;    (1) A pulp obtained as above;    (2) Continuous production of a hydrocarbon product with enhanced energy density obtained from a pulp as above, including a reaction step in which the pressurized pulp is further heated over up to 60 minutes to greater than 280degreesC;    (3) Preparation of a solids-containing fraction fro pulp by dewatering; and    (4) A hydrocarbon product produced as above.
NOVELTY - The cell (10) has an oxidant gas passage (20), a high-temperature portion and a low-temperature portion in a cell plane. An oxidant gas flow is directed from the high-temperature portion to the low-temperature portion so that water produced during operation of the fuel cell recirculates in the oxidant gas passage.    USE - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a fuel cell capable of conducting a self-humidification of the cell utilizing the product water of the cell and operable stably with no separate humidifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the fuel cell.    Cell (10)    Oxidant gas passage (20)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has anode chambers (22,24) defining a path for fuel flow across an anode (12). A staging plate (20) located inside the anode chamber and extending in parallel to the anode, divides the flow of fuel (4) to different staging areas of the anode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The split flow minimizes the fuel utilization resistance by reducing the variation in fuel concentration over the entire anode. Improves anode side spatial fuel distribution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell with the staging plate.    Fuel (4)    Anode (12)    Staging plate (20)    Anode chambers (22,24)
NOVELTY - The invention relates to PEM fuel cells. A stack is formed of reformer cells (3) between which are positioned individual fuel cells (2), the number depending on the particular application. A heat exchanger (4) between the cells prevents direct thermal contact between the cells. This can even be in the form of a flat heat sink. The fuel cell waste heat extracted in this way can be used directly to heat the reformer cells.    USE - Has wide application, e.g to provide power to motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Almost all the waste heat can be supplied to the reformer increasing the efficiency and the cells can operate at temperatures up to 3000 C without destruction of the membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cell arrangement to the present invention.    fuel cell (2)    reformer cell (3)    heat exchanger (4)    .
NOVELTY - The present invention features that the mixed material including waste plastic, waste rubber, plant material such as sawdust and husk and catalyst molecular sieve is cracked in cracking furnace through heating at 400-450 deg.c to produce mixed hydrocarbon, which is led out and after cooling through cooling tower, fed into evaporator, gas-liquid separator, absorption tower, deep cooler and compressor. The produced fuel gas has SO2 and air content less than 0.01 mg/l, CO content 0.02 mg/l, combustion heat 1200-1400 cal/cu m, explosino limit 1.9-8.4, volatilizing speed 0.5-0.6 m/s and no bad smell.
NOVELTY - The catalyst for the combustion reaction of natural gas and light alkane consists of alkali earth metal 1-60 wt%, noble metal 0.2-5 wt% and alumina 40-99 wt%. The precursors of the components are soluble organic or inorganic salt, and there must not be halogen in the raw material. The catalyst is used in both self-heated combustor and heated combustor and can ignite combustion at 284-350 deg.c. Incase of low heat transfer efficiency, it can heat fuel gas fluid spontaneously to carry out complete combustion with less CO and NOx in tail gas. The said catalyst has the advantages of low initiation temperature, wide use range of temperature and space velocity, high stability, long service life, etc. and can be formed in different shape for practical industrial application.
NOVELTY - Preparing fermented liquid to biologically generate hydrogen uses grains including deteriorated ones, grain leftover, waste organic water containing saccharide or protein and organic acid as raw materials, and includes such steps as hydrolyzing raw material, and bacterial fermentation of obtained hydrolyzed liquid as culture liquid in the condition of no oxygen and intermittent light radiation.
NOVELTY - A composting system includes a stationary and usually unheated horizontal composting chamber (1) with an internal transport system.    USE - For composting organic and other putrescible waste materials of domestic, commercial, agricultural or industrial origin.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is an in-vessel, continuous, and horizontal composting system, which provides efficient alternative to the existing composting systems. It generates heat and has good insulation properties, thus minimizing the loss of heat from the composting material generated during the composting process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view from an inlet end of the continuous composting unit.    Composting chamber (1)    Discrete arms (5)    Tines (6)    Shafts (7)
NOVELTY - A composting apparatus comprises a box (12) having opposed side walls (16) and end walls (14). The box includes air passages extending between the sidewalls for aerating an organic waste material.    USE - The apparatus is used for composting organic waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive apparatus provides efficient and cost effective composting process. The air flow through the waste material and the moisture content can be controlled by configuring the tubes or pipes of the apparatus. The perforations are small to prevent clogging by the waste material and large to allow air to pass through.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is perspective view of a composting apparatus.    Box (12)    End walls (14)    Side walls (16)    Roof (18)    Perforated tubes (20)
NOVELTY - Producing lactic acid from food garbage comprises a first cycle (FC) for fermenting the food garbage in a fermentation tank and a second cycle (SC) comprising steps which are almost same as those of the first SC but in which each step delayed somewhat from its time of occurrence in the FC.    USE - The method is used for producing lactic acid from food garbage.    ADVANTAGE - The lactic acid obtained by this method has a high optical purity. The method is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The first cycle (FC) comprises:    (i) (a-1) a step for filling a batch of food garbage into a first fermentation tank;    (ii) (b-1) a step for maintaining the temperature of the first fermentation tank at a temperature high enough to sterilize the contents;    (iii) (c-1) a step for carrying out microbial fermentation in the fermentation tank to reduce the amount of lactic acid in the fermentation tank;    (iv) (d-1) a step for carrying out lactic acid fermentation;    (v) (e-1) a step for recovering the lactic acid produced by the lactic acid fermentation from the tank, and    (vi) (f-1) a step for charging another batch of food garbage to the first fermentation tank to repeat the first cycle from the (a-1) step.    The second cycle (SC) comprises steps (a-2) to (f-2) corresponding to steps (a-1) to (f-1) in the (FC),and the performance of step (a-2) starts after a certain delay from step (a-1). In addition some microbes used in step (c-1) are supplied to the fermentation tank for step (c-2), and the microbes inducing lactic acid fermentation in step (d-2 ) are supplied from the fermentation solution produced through the lactic acid fermentation carried out in step (d-1).
NOVELTY - A naphtha feed including naphthene compounds is converted by contacting it with a catalyst capable of opening a ring at a tertiary carbon site.    USE - Conversion of a naphtha feed containing naphthene compounds to a ring-opened product and olefins.    ADVANTAGE - The olefinic product is particularly high in ethylene and propylene content.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) the ring-opened product.    (2) the olefinic product obtained by subjecting the ring-opened product to catalytic cracking.
NOVELTY - The fuel supply device has a fuel supply line (40) and a water supply line (50) which are coupled to a device (31) for generating/preparing the fuel via a mixing device (42,43) providing a constant fuel/water mixture ratio. At least one bypass line (54,45) containing a dosing device allows a controlled quantity of fuel or water to be fed directly to the fuel generating/preparing device for altering the mixture ratio.    USE - The fuel supply device is used for a fuel cell of a fuel cell system powering an electric motor for driving an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The device allows variable regulation of the fuel/water mixture ratio.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM for a fuel cell system is also included.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system.    Fuel generating/preparing device (31)    Fuel supply line (40)    Mixing device (42,43)    Water supply line (50)    Bypass lines (54,45)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell assembly has multiple fuel cells arranged on a common plane. Each cell has an electrolyte layer (3) interposed between a pair of diffusion electrode layers, and a pair of flow distribution plates defining passages for fuel and oxidant fluids that contact diffusion electrode layers.    USE - Fuel cell assembly with planar fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - Provides high voltage and favorable insulation, and eases fabrication, because the fuel cells are arranged in a common plane, without stacking.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of fuel cell.    Electrolyte layer (3)
NOVELTY - Proposed method employs thermochemical cycle of decomposition of water using internal combustion engine as source of heat for thermochemical reaction and as consumer of hydrogen, thus produced. Exhaust gases of engine heat reactor to 900-950 C, cut down delivery of hydrocarbon fuel and cut in delivery of water from tank. Liberated hydrogen is cooled to 450-480 C and is directed into engine intake manifold where it mixes leaned fuel mixture.    USE - Mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of cheap and ecologically clean fuel for road vehicles, increased automobile power, cut down cost of carriage by road.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for pretreating food waste is provided which produces compost of high quality by completely removing foreign substances before fermenting and decomposing the food waste, increases the overall treatment efficiency by supplying pure food waste of small particles to the fermentation and decomposition process, and can be installed at a narrow place by vertically arranging the overall apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for pretreating food waste comprises a transfer member (c) which is equipped with a storage vessel (1), a screw conveyor (2) and an ascending and descending conveyor (3b) so as to transfer food waste placed at the lower part to the upper part, wherein the ascending and descending conveyor (3b) is installed in a vertical length direction; a foreign substance screen selecting member (V) which is equipped with a crusher (11) and a screen selector (12) so as to remove foreign substances having large particles contained in the food waste that is injected from the upper part by the transfer member (c); and a foreign substance gravity sorting member (T) which is equipped with a pulverizer (21) and a gravity sorter (22) so as to sort foreign substances by specific gravity after pulverizing the food waste injected from the foreign substance screen selecting member (V), wherein the transfer member (c), foreign substance screen selecting member (V) and foreign substance gravity sorting member (T) are vertically arranged.
NOVELTY - Treatment of organochlorine in the soil and/or underground water comprising adding a proliferating substrate, an organic acid and/or its salt with a pH of 6-8, for (anaerobic) microorganisms which decompose the organochlorine compound, is new.    USE - To decompose and treat organochlorine compound in he soil and/or underground water.    ADVANTAGE - Organochlorine compound in soil and/or underground water is effectively decomposed and treated without need for special pH adjustment installation and chemicals. Decomposition by microorganisms is advanced stably and efficiently, without being influenced by the pH of substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the decomposition of organochlorine compound using dilution installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A swing scroll and pair of fixed scrolls are formed in shape of whorl, in opposite directions.    USE - For fuel cells in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Capacity requirements of motor driving fluid scroll machinery is reduced due to the fixed scrolls and the rotation scrolls.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic diagram of the fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A processing system comprises a rotating drum (1) for introducing organic waste mixed with soil microbes which decomposing organic waste. The organic waste is decomposed in presence of hot air. The microbes are Bacillus coagulans and/or Bacillus carculanns (of strain FERM P-17807 according to Agency of Industrial Science and Technology National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology).    USE - For decomposition of organic waste, e.g. food residuum, sludges, fine pulps, rice bran, bean curd lees, bran, ejected from hotels, food works or general home. Decomposed product is used as raw material for fertilizer or livestock feed.    ADVANTAGE - The decomposed organic waste can be used as raw material for production of feed for livestock and fertilizer, the system enables effective usage of organic waste. The feed effectively improves health of livestock, e.g. chicken, pig, cattle and fish. The soil microbes improves stable coefficient of digestibility in enterobacterium of livestock, hence improves health. Nutrition balance in soil is maintained effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for processing organic waste, which comprises rotating the drum, introducing organic waste and soil microbes containing Bacillus coagulans and/or Bacillus carculanns (of strain FERM P-17807 according to Agency of Industrial Science and Technology National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology), decomposing, adjusting moisture content to predetermined value and passing hot air heated at 60-80 degrees C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of a processing system.    Rotating drum (1)    Rotating cutter (8)
NOVELTY - A circulating unit recirculates part of used fuel to fuel cell. Juxtaposed with fuel circulating unit is a second fuel supply unit (19) to supply fuel at a pressure depending on pressure of oxidizing agent and fuel supplied by first supply unit. When pressure differential of outlet pressures of first and second fuel supply units exceeds a predetermined value, fuel is supplied to cell via second supply unit.    USE - Solid polymer film-type fuel battery with fuel recirculating line.    ADVANTAGE - Even when the flow rate of fuel that passes through fuel circulating unit reaches a maximum saturated flow rate, fuel can be supplied to fuel cell through the second fuel supply unit to by-pass the fuel circulating unit. The apparatus has a simple structure and covers an extensive output range. When predetermined characteristics are required to be altered, the apparatus corresponds easily by enabling change of ejector (fuel circulating unit) and by supplying fuel easily. Switching control of the ejector (fuel circulating unit) can be performed favorably depending on output of fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus (10) comprises an oxidizing agent supply unit (14), a fuel supply unit (18) to supply fuel to fuel cell (11) at a pressure depending on pressure of the oxidizing agent and a fuel circulating unit (17) to mix the emitted fuel (used fuel) from cell to fuel newly supplied to the cell through the fuel supply unit (18).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure block diagram shows the fuel supply apparatus of fuel cell.    Fuel supply apparatus of fuel cell (10)    Fuel cell (11)    Oxidizing agent supply unit (14)    Ejector (fuel circulating unit) (17)    First fuel supply unit (18)    Second fuel supply unit (19)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (2) which generates electric current by reacting hydrogen with air, hydrogen supply unit to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack and conveying units to lead gas ejected from the fuel cell stack to the hydrogen supply units. The fuel cell stack, conveying units and hydrogen supply unit are arranged sequentially to the front side of a vehicle.    USE - Vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The air ejected from the fuel cell stack as heat carrier is sent back to the hydrogen supply unit so special heating units are not required and size of the fuel cell system is reduced. Since the fuel cell stack is arranged in an extreme side of the hydrogen supply unit, loss of air circulation is minimized. Since the intake unit is provided to the extreme side of the fuel cell stack, intake efficiency is improved with the air pressure during vehicle driving.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The vehicle front side containing the fuel cell stack is equipped with an intake unit to supply air to the fuel cell stack. The vehicle rear side containing the hydrogen supply apparatus is equipped with a water condenser.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire side view of the fuel cell system mounted on vehicle.    Fuel cell stack (2)
NOVELTY - Process for regulating a fuel cell system comprises rinsing a reformer with air during the starting up and the shutting down process; and feeding the synthesis gas and/or waste gas partially to the next fuel cell. The reformer produces a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas from a hydrogen-rich fuel by partial oxidation or autothermal reforming.    USE - Used for directly converting hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuels into electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: During the starting up process in the reformer after rinsing with air, the combustion process is carried out with complete combustion of the fuel and air, and only after reaching the optimum reaction temperature the air, fuel and/or water amount is regulated after the requirements for the partial oxidation or autothermal reforming. The optimum reaction temperature is reached as soon as it provides sufficient heat to vaporize water introduced into the reactor.
NOVELTY - Evaluating organic waste comprises adding plants as nutrients to a bio substrate such as liquid manure or residual material from a biogas plant in containers.    USE - Used for evaluating organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - Complete conversion of the bio substrates by the plants is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Plants are used which consume a lot of water in a short time and are resistant to high concentrations of salt. The bio substrate remains in the containers until it is fully consumed. The level of the bio substrate in the container is automatically tested using sensors.
NOVELTY - After passage through a reformer (21) the hydrocarbon fuel component contains a relatively high content of CO. This is measured by a controller (16) through measurement pipe connection (15) which then opens a control valve (17) to supply air to the fuel feed pipe (19) before it enters the anode unit (11). This converts the CO to CO2 with the generation of heat.    USE - With fuel cells used as the power supply for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The heat produced by the oxidation process serves to warm up the fuel cell more rapidly and reduce the starting time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows to the present invention.    anode unit (11)    measurement pipe (15)    controller (16)    control valve (17)    fuel feed pipe (19)    reformer (21)    .
NOVELTY - A microwave discharge method for removing nitrogen oxide by catalytic reduction features that CH4 is used as reducer, the molecular sieve H2SM-5 or the Fe carried by it is used as catalyst, and a low-power (30-80 W) microwave is used to discharge in catalyst bed to directly converting NOx to N2. Its advantages are high activity of catalyst and selective reduction of NOx.
NOVELTY - A respiratory gas electrode (hydrogen electrode or oxygen electrode) for fuel battery is composed of a casing, a gas cavity, a porous electrode and a electrolyte cavity. Said gas cavity is communicated with the electrolyte cavity only via the capillary tubes in the porous electrode. They are also communicated with a periodically varying pressure source to generate periodic 'gas driving liquid' and liquid driving gas' procedure, benefiting electrochemical reaction and speeding up mass transfer in porous electrode. As a result, the output power of battery is increased.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell generator has separate process chambers (1), and a fuel reactor chamber (2) which operate at different temperatures. Fuel (81) and oxidants (24,25) are fed to the process chambers, through respective passages that do not communicate with each other. A depleted fuel exit (23) is provided in the chamber (2), for exiting CO2 and water. Oxidant exits (30,31) are also provided in the reactor chamber.    USE - High temperature fuel cell generator e.g. solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generator.    ADVANTAGE - Improves fuel utilization capacity. Maintains appropriate temperature level within the fuel cell generator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of operating a high temperature fuel cell generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of the SOFC generator.    Process chamber (1)    Fuel reactor chamber (2)    Depleted fuel exit (23)    Oxidants (24,25)    Oxidant exits (30,31)    Fuel (81)
NOVELTY - A heated pre-reformate, formed in a micro-reformer (123) by mixing pressurized primary supply of fuel and air, is discharged to a main reformer (122) and preheated. The secondary supply of fuel and air are fed to the main reformer, and heated main reformate is formed, and directed to a waste energy recovery assembly (126). The cathode supply (132) in the recovery assembly is heated to heat a solid oxide fuel cell stack (124).    USE - For starting solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As a low pressure blower is used to feed pressurized air into system chambers that contain required process control valves to keep them upstream of the high temperature regions, cost is reduced. Avoids the need to recirculate anode exhaust gases by operating in POx reduction mode, thus additional water is not necessary for the operation. The start-up and preheating of the system are accomplished by the reformer system and the waste energy recovery assembly through the heating and circulating of hot gases, which reduces the need for additional electrical heaters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (a) Solid oxide fuel cell system transition method;    (b) Solid oxide fuel cell system operating method;    (c) Solid oxide fuel cell system shutting method; and    (d) Solid oxide fuel cell mechanization for transportation vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system mechanization of transportation industry SOFC system.    Main reformer (122)    Micro-reformer (123)    Solid oxide fuel cell stack (124)    Waste energy recovery assembly (126)    Cathode supply (132)
NOVELTY - The scroll compressor consists of front housing integrated with stationary scroll (110), center housing (170) coupled to front housing to cover a portion of drive crank mechanism (150) and drive motor (130), and rear housing (190) coupled to center housing to cover drive motor. The front housing and center housing form an outer shell of the compressor integrally.    USE - Used for feeding compressed gas like air or hydrogen to the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Has compact size and reduced weight due to integral molding and reduces vibrations.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of scroll compressor.    Stationary scroll (110)    Drive motor (130)    Drive crank mechanism (150)    Center housing (170)    Rear housing (190)
NOVELTY - The device has a conduit constituted by a gap between a needle and an aperture of a nozzle through which hydrogen flows. Recirculated hydrogen sucked in by a diffuser mixes with hydrogen and the mixture passes through another conduit constituted by a gap between the diffuser and a taper section which is coaxially inserted into the aperture.    USE - For supplying fuel to fuel cell mounted in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen flow ratio can be varied continuously by shifting the needle and/or taper section. Hence, desired stoichiometry value can be ensured over a wide range of flow without increasing size and weight of the device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel supply system for the fuel cell incorporating fluid supply device.
NOVELTY - A housing encloses several ejectors (40,50) which have respective nozzles connected with fuel passage for ejecting hydrogen, and a switching valve (60) switches to any one of the fuel passage of the nozzle. A diffuser provided in the ejectors, draws reflux hydrogen due to negative pressure generated by the ejection of hydrogen along axial direction of the nozzle, and supplies a mixture of reflux hydrogen and hydrogen.    USE - For supplying fuel to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Circulates reflux hydrogen in the fuel cell by operating any one of the ejectors using a switching valve, ensuring predetermined stoichiometric characteristic over wide range of hydrogen flow rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of the fuel supply system.    Ejectors (40,50)    Switching valve (60)
NOVELTY - An adhesive backed gasket (64) encapsulates edge portions of a bipolar separator plate (BSP) (61) and a flexible membrane electrode assembly (MEA) (65) and seals the edge portions of the MEA. A bond affixes the manifolds (51A,51B) to the BSP and provides a seal between the manifolds and the BSP.    USE - Fuel cell with integrated and modular BSP, MEA and manifolds.    ADVANTAGE - The release of reactants from the fuel cell is prevented by providing gasket to seal edge portions of MEA and by using the bond.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded schematic view of integrated and modular fuel cell assembly.    Manifolds (51A,51B)    BSP (61)    Adhesive backed gasket (64)    MEA (65)
NOVELTY - An organic mixer to make manure in a short time is provided, which is characterized by having a rotation axis to mix organic mixture in a right and reverse way.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic mixer comprises an inlet hopper (2) to guide an organic mixture containing organics, enzyme powder, aerobic microbes and water controller as saw dust to a mixer, a screw conveyor for delivering the mixture, a mixer housing (1) with an exhaust fan (7) and an outlet (4) on its upper and lower side, respectively, a mixing screw conveyor (10) having an axis (5) and wings (6) to be intervals of 3-5 mm, rotating in a right and reverse way for mixing an organic mixture, and a driving device (11).
NOVELTY - Contaminated waste water is treated by supplying waste water for purification from a raw water channel (3) and microorganism from a microorganism channel (4) into a culture channel (8) and purifying raw water by cultivating microbes in raw water.    USE - For purifying waste water.    ADVANTAGE - The method is economical, has high stability and is eco-friendly. Use of microbes effectively reduces amount of sludge generation during waste water treatment. The method effectively purifies waste water and does not depend on climatic conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for continuous decomposition of raw water by cultivation of microbes in raw water and electrolysis of raw water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic arrangement of a contaminated waste water treatment tank.    Raw water channel (3)    Microorganism channel (4)    Culture channel (8)
NOVELTY - Empty trays (T) are conveyed by a feed drive unit, in which livestock dung (W) and weak larva of insects, are supplied into livestock dung filled trays. The trays are then stored in a curing unit (3) for preset period. Pupa produced in the curing unit are collected by a collection unit. Waste material from the trays is collected by a recovery unit after curing.    USE - For processing organic waste, such as livestock dung or the waste of hens, using insects.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient processing of organic waste in a harmless manner, as insects eating the dung are used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the organic waste curing unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Curing unit (3)    Empty trays (T)    Livestock dung (W)
NOVELTY - Solid food waste material and liquid waste material are mixed in a microbial bed containing ferment microbes. Then the food waste material is fermented and the water content produced during fermentation in the waste is evaporated by heat.    USE - For processing solid and liquid food waste materials with high moisture contents such as beverage product with expiry date.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables to process solid and liquid food waste material by fermentation without any expensive installation. The water content in the waste is evaporated with a simple apparatus. The bad smell of waste material is effectively deodorized and the decay of food material is prevented. The fermentation is accelerated by adding sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate and food waste material is treated smoothly in a short time. The fermented waste material is recycled as secondary microbial bed and as feed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of processing of food waste material.
NOVELTY - A waste material obtained by solidifying organic waste, such as refuse and sewage sludge, has photocatalyst coating on the surface. The photocatalyst removes harmful gas produced from waste material or adhered on waste material.    USE - As a detoxified waste material.    ADVANTAGE - By exciting activity radicals using solar light or an artificial source, the harmful gas and combustible gas from waste material are decomposed and removed. Methane generated from the waste material is transformed to a substance with low global warming coefficient and hence eco-friendly. The waste becomes moldy, hence infectious diseases caused by spread of microbes from waste materials are prevented. The waste material in the storage container is deodorized using solar light, hence conserves energy. The photocatalyst layer eliminates problems of adsorbent saturation encountered during usage of adsorbent for deodorization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a storage container for waste material.
NOVELTY - Fermentation of a vegetable production material involving adding wheat bran and/or powder to a vegetable production material, and fermenting, is new.    USE - For fermenting vegetable/plant production materials, such as waste wood material from pruned branch leaves, withering trees, construction waste wood materials, and forest cutting trees, during dam construction and rood construction in mountain areas, and for use as soil improver and greening substrate material.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient fermentation of vegetable production material, forming fermented material such as organic fertilizer which does not cause any damage to plants. The method is performed within a very short period, is eco-friendly, protects environment, and enables effective usage of the resources. The fermentation accelerator contains decomposition-resistant substances such as cellulose and lignin which are contained in large quantities, and hence fermentation-composting is very difficult, when compared conventionally. The method effectively controls nitrogen content, by providing only a few fermented materials having nitrogen content, and hence nitrogen contamination in water source or soil is effectively prevented. The fermented material is efficiently utilized as a soil improvement material, greening substrate material, etc. The fermented material does not have any undesired odor, and is easy to handle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fermentation accelerator for the vegetable production material, which comprises wheat bran and/or powder.
NOVELTY - Organic waste is deodorized using Bacillus and/or Rhodococcus.    USE - For deodorizing industrial organic waste (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The Bacillus and/or Rhodococcus microbes effectively deodorizes the bad smell of organic waste. The weight reduction of size reduction of organic waste can be efficiently performed by reinforcing the function of microorganism filter pipe deodorizing apparatus using the microorganism.
NOVELTY - A compressor (24) removes hydrogen gas pressure which is less than atmospheric pressure as reference pressure from a fuel cell (1), and supplies to a regulator (32). The regulator adjusts pressure of hydrogen obtained from a gas cylinder (31), based on the supplied reference pressure and supplies the adjusted pressure to an anode pole side (1e) of the fuel cell, through an ejector (33).    USE - For fuel cell in fuel cell system used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the hydrogen pressure is adjusted based on the reference pressure, leakage of hydrogen in the fuel cell is prevented, thus hydrogen leak compensation is avoided. Thus hydrogen gas is supplied at reduced cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen gas circulation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Anode pole side (1e)    Compressor (24)    Gas cylinder (31)    Regulator (32)    Ejector (33)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply apparatus comprises a reformer (1), occlusion tank (3) and a release tank (4), both equipped with hydrogen occlusion alloy. The occlusion and release tanks (3,4) occludes hydrogen from the reformer and releases the occluded hydrogen. The occlusion tank has a compressed vertical cylindrical container. The ratio of height and diameter in the container is 1 or less.    USE - For fuel cells, particularly in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen fuel such as alcohol and liquefied petroleum gas is reformed by the reformer, thereby the hydrogen fuel is produced stably. The hydrogen supply apparatus provides required amount of hydrogen when high load is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The release tank has a release opening which releases the hydrogen. The hydrogen supply apparatus has an inlet which introduces the reformed gas from the reformer to the release tank.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the hydrogen occlusion method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system having hydrogen supply apparatus.    Reformer (1)    Occlusion tank (3)    Release tank (4)
NOVELTY - An air supply line (52) branched from a line (29), is connected to a generating device (II). A preheater (26) is provided to the air supply line (52) to heat thermal effluent ejected from a cooling unit of fuel cell (I) for recycling.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables utilizing thermal effluent ejected from cooling unit effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of power generating device of solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell.    Preheater (26)    Line (29)    Air supply line (52)    Fuel cell (I)    Generating device (II)
NOVELTY - The system has at least one fuel cell with an anode circuit in which a coolant/fuel mixture circulates under pressure and passes through an anode chamber separated by a proton-conducting membrane from a cathode chamber forming part of a cathode circuit in which a gas under pressure containing oxygen flows to the cathode chamber. The anode and cathode circuits are connected by at least one connecting line for pressure equalization in the fuel cell.    USE - Pressure compensation or regulation in fuel cell overall system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables pressure compensation between the anode circuit and the cathode circuit to be carried out in a very simple manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system has at least one fuel cell with an anode circuit. in which a coolant/fuel mixture circulates under pressure and passes through an anode chamber separated from a cathode chamber by a proton-conducting membrane. The cathode chamber is part of a cathode circuit in which a gas under pressure containing oxygen flows to the cathode chamber. The anode circuit (6) and the cathode circuit (8) are connected together by at least one connecting line (9) for pressure equalization in the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system with an anode circuit, a cathode circuit and a connecting line    anode circuit (6)    cathode circuit (8)    connecting line (9)
NOVELTY - Animal manure is processed by drying the manure (2) from a storage reservoir (3), gasifying dried manure in a gasifier (6) to yield a combustible gas mixture, purifying the gas mixture in a purifier (9), cracking the purified gas mixture in a cracker (12) to yield a gaseous mixture containing combustible gas, hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas, and finally cooling the gaseous mixture in a cooler (13).    USE - For generating heat and/or electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The processing method of animal manure, preferably chicken manure, is simple and economical, and yields gas mixture with high quality and purity. The method yields relatively higher electrical energy, prevents transportation cost of manure, supplies sufficient electricity to stock farms and surplus energy to various industries. The method is environment friendly in nature, and prevents formation of slag during processing. The fly ash obtained by the method is effectively utilized as base material for artificial fertilizer or may be utilized in road construction or building industries. The method effectively preserves fossil fuel and effectively generates combustible gas, hydrogen and nitrogen gases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for processing animal manure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of a chicken manure processing apparatus.    Manure (2)    Storage reservoir (3)    Gasifier (6)    Purifier (9)    Cracker (12)    Cooler (13)
NOVELTY - Devices (2) on an anode side feed in a combustible substance like hydrogen. Other devices (4) on an anode side carry away an anode flow-off. Devices (3) on a cathode side supply an oxidation medium. Other devices (5) on the cathode side drain off cathode flow-off. A ventilator (6) driven by a drive device (10) adjusts separation rate so that an aqueous flow (M) can be relocated in a circuit running inside a drain device (7).    USE - For fuel cell systems with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A drain device removes water from a medium's flow. Devices adjust the water's separation rate from the medium's flow in the inlet area of the drain device or upstream from it.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a basic diagram of the present invention.    Devices on an anode side feeding in a combustible substance like hydrogen (2)    Devices on an anode side carrying away an anode flow-off (4)    Devices on a cathode side supplying an oxidation medium (3)    Devices on the cathode side draining off cathode flow-off (5)    Ventilator (6)    Drive device (10)    Aqueous flow (M)    Drain device (7)
NOVELTY - Device for introducing educts into parallel separated chambers (3) comprises a distributor unit (2) having outlets (21) which protrude into the chambers. At each point in the distributor unit the boiling point of the medium lies above the temperature of the medium in the unit.    USE - Used as a plate reactor, vaporizer or in a fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Uniform distribution of the educts is achieved avoiding pulsations in the distributor system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The distributor unit is structured so that the flow resistance of the pressure loss varies in the unit depending on a temperature progression along the unit.    The flow resistance or pressure loss increases proportionally to the temperature of the unit.    The boiling point of the medium is highest at the hottest point of the unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the device.    Distributor unit (2)    Chambers (3)    Outlets (21)
NOVELTY - The system has anode (2) and cathode chambers (3) separated by a proton conducting membrane (4), a cathode line (8) for delivering gas containing oxygen and an anode line (5) for delivering and carrying away a combustion medium to or from the anode chamber inlet (7) or outlet (6), a device (11) for determining a temperature and a device (18) for dosing and feeding combustion medium to the cathode chamber depending on the determined temperature.    USE - For generating electrical energy from chemical processes.    ADVANTAGE - A good cold start characteristic and adequate frost protection of the system are guaranteed even in the event of no or drastically reduced methanol permeability of the membrane used within it.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a method of operating a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system    anode chamber (2)    cathode chamber (3)    proton conducting membrane (4)    cathode line (8)    anode line (5)    anode chamber inlet (7)    anode chamber outlet (7)    device for determining temperature (11)    device for dosing and feeding combustion medium to cathode chamber depending on the determined temperature (18)
NOVELTY - A process for comprehensive use of garbage in a city involves separating the combustible substances from the garbage and forming solid particles. These are then delivered along with fuel coal into a fluidized-bed boiler of power plant for generating steam used for electric generation.    USE - For reuse of garbage in urban areas.    ADVANTAGE - The simple process requires less investment and produces no secondary pollution.
NOVELTY - A process for preparing microbial fertilizer features that the filter mud, waste dregs or liquid in sugar refinery, waste alcohol liquid, and waste furnace ash are used as the material of its culture media, and includes such steps as mixing the raw materials together, adding nitrogen-fixating bacteria and the P-K decomposing bacteria, and conventional fermentation. Its advantages are reducing environmental pollution and high yield of crops.
NOVELTY - A generator chamber (1) has tubular solid oxide electrolyte fuel cells (6) operating on oxidant (24,25) and fuel (81) to yield depleted oxidant and fuel. A separate depleted fuel reactor chamber (2) with a depleted fuel reactor (7) has a depleted fuel exit (23) for exiting gas consisting of carbon dioxide and water for further treatment, and another exit is for depleted oxidant (30,31) to exhaust the environment.    USE - High temperature solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell generator.    ADVANTAGE - Offers improved generator design thereby allowing ultra high fuel utilization. Voltages of the fuel cells in the depleted fuel reactor are monitored by a control system to modulate the depleted fuel cell current in reaction chamber, to avoid anode oxidation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of fuel cell generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of segregated exhaust SOFC generator.    Generator chamber (1)    Depleted fuel reactor chamber (2)    Tubular solid oxide electrolyte fuel cells (6)    Depleted fuel reactor (7)    Depleted fuel exit (23)    Oxidant (24,25)    Depleted oxidant (30,31)    Fuel (81)
NOVELTY - A composting system comprises an enclosure for containing organic matter undergoing composting, with a sloped roof having a composite laminate. The composite laminate comprises an air and moisture permeable membrane comprising an inside surface that faces into the enclosure. The inside surface of the membrane is adhered to an open grid layer.    USE - For treatment of solid fermentable organic wastes, i.e. municipal sludge, household organic waste, agricultural waste, and other organic wastes including hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composting system has a membrane that is waterproof, air and moisture vapor permeable. It has a grid layer that controls the return of condensate to a compost pile.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composting system comprises an enclosure for containing organic matter undergoing composting. The enclosure has an access through which organic waste can be introduced into the enclosure and through which composted matter can be removed from the enclosure. It has sloped roof comprising a composite laminate (12). The composite laminate comprises an air and moisture permeable membrane (14) having an inside surface that faces into the enclosure. The inside surface of the membrane is adhered to an open grid layer (16).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of a section of the composite laminate.    Composite laminate (12)    Membrane (14)    Grid layer (16)
NOVELTY - The fuel storage unit (10) has an enclosure that is divided into two chambers (1a,1b) for containment of fuel and spent fuel of a recyclable type such as zinc paste. Pumps are used with large fuel reservoirs that provide electrical power for vehicles, but for smaller consumer products the fuel is moved by means of internal flexible walls (1) that can be manually squeezed to move fuel.    USE - For generation of electricity for portable products e.g. computers, wheelchairs, vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the release of pollutant materials to the atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An independent claim is included for a method of recycling the metal paste fuel used in fuel cells    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Showing fuel reservoir at various stages of depletion    Dividing wall (1)    Chambers (1a,1b)    Reservoir (10)
NOVELTY - Methyl mercaptan is produced by providing raw feed gases consisting of methane and hydrogen sulfide, introducing the raw feed gases into a non-thermal pulsed plasma corona reactor, and reacting the raw feed gases within the reactor by reacting methane with hydrogen sulfide to form methyl mercaptan and hydrogen gas.    USE - For producing methyl mercaptan, an amino acid used in chicken feed.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows the production of CH3SH from relatively inexpensive feedstock, eliminates expensive preheating and pressurization of the feed gases, allows the simultaneous production of cleaner-burning hydrogen, and allows a relatively simple hydrogen separation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an apparatus for the production of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), including raw feed gases consisting of methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and a non-thermal pulsed plasma corona reactor; and    (B) a method of producing hydrogen from raw feed gases consisting of CH4 and H2S, involving the invented method.
NOVELTY - The regenerator receives unsaturated low temperature gaseous supply stream (20) being saturated with water vapor to obtain gaseous exhaust stream (24) of high temperature. A desiccant-free heat and moisture exchange wheel (12) transfers heat and moisture from exhaust stream to supply stream, such that conditioned supply stream becomes saturated.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Performance of the rotary heat exchange wheel is high and hence heat exchanging efficiency is high for improved output. The wheel is easier to manufacture and install, and is less expensive, as desiccant is not coated, thereby eliminating contaminants.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell;    (b) Method for conditioning gaseous supply stream    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of regenerator.    Heat and moisture exchange wheel (12)    Gaseous supply stream (20)    Gaseous exhaust stream (24)
NOVELTY - Each fuel cell (1) of the assembly has a pair of flow distribution plates (5) which are provided on gas diffusion electrodes, to define passages for fuel and oxidizer gases. Heater (62) or sensors (61a-61c) for detecting temperature, gas flow rate and gas pressure, are integrally formed with the flow distribution plates.    USE - Fuel cell assembly having heater/sensor integrated with flow distribution plates.    ADVANTAGE - Allows sensor/heater to be integrally formed in a fuel cell without a complicated fabrication process and sealing arrangement.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell assembly fabrication method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell (1)    Flow distribution plates (5)    Sensors (61a-61c)    Heater (62)
NOVELTY - A pair of gas diffusion electrode layers which are formed on a substrate by performing an etching process, are separated by an electrolyte layer (2). A pair of flow distribution plates (5) which define passages for fuel and oxidizer gases, contact the gas diffusion electrode layers.    USE - For generating electricity by an electrochemical reaction.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a highly compact, efficient and easy to manufacture fuel cell assembly which ensures a favorable seal under all conditions and a reliable electric contact between the electrode terminal and the gas diffusion electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of fuel cell assembly.    Electrolyte layer (2)    Flow distribution plates (5)
NOVELTY - Each gas diffusion electrolyte plate (2) has a frame (21) with electrolyte (22). Each flow distribution plate (5) defining passages for fuel and oxidizer gases and corresponding electrolyte plate frame are joined along the periphery by anodic bonding so as to form airtight cavity between them.    USE - Fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - By joining each flow distribution plate and corresponding electrolyte plate frame along a periphery, favorable seal under all conditions is ensured. Reduces size and improves efficiency of fuel cell assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of fuel cell assembly.    Gas diffusion electrolyte plate (2)    Flow distribution plate (5)    Frame (21)    Electrolyte (22)
NOVELTY - Combustion products are continuously generated from a fuel-rich reactant mixture by combusting the reactant mixture through a heated zone (16) of a reactor (10) which operates superadiabatic combustion.    USE - The inventive method is for continuously generating combustion products from a fuel-rich reactant mixture. The combustion products are hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and 1-5C hydrocarbon(s) including ethylene, propylene, butylene, and acetylene (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method provides a simple and efficient approach to generating combustion products with little or no external energy supply required after initiating the reaction. This feature provides cost benefit over steady state processes because there are little or no process energy costs in maintaining the reaction. It can be carried out in a variety of reactors outfitted with a reverse flow-direction control, and can also be designed to provide constant reactor temperature and a controlled quench rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Continuous generation of combustion products from a fuel-rich reactant mixture comprises combusting the reactant mixture through a heated zone of a reactor. The reactor contains a porous fixed-bed (14), and operates at a temperature which results in a superadiabatic combustion of the reactant mixture. Heat is also generated along with the combustion product, and is used to maintain the temperature of the heated zone for the superadiabatic combustion of additional reactant mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a reciprocal-flow or reverse-flow reactor capable of superadiabatic combustion.    Reactor (10)    Fixed-bed (14)    Heated zone (16)
NOVELTY - This modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system using Bacillus sp. that is dominantly cultivated in reactor provides superior solutions for effective wastewater treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In this sequencing batch reactor system, the reactor is operated by tapered aeration process in which one cycle consists of four steps; aerobic step, semi aerobic step, anoxic step and idle. In the aerobic step, up to 60-80% air is supplied and its dissolved oxygen concentration ranges 0.7 to 1.5mg/L. In the semi aerobic step, up to 30-40% air is supplied into the reactor and its dissolved oxygen concentration ranges 0.3 to 0.5mg/L. The anoxic step after aerobic conditions plays critical role in the sludge settling efficiency. In this system, Bacillus sp., gram positive facultative anaerobe and shaped rod, is used for biological treatment of wastewater. The Bacillus sp., dominantly cultivated in separate reactor, proliferates extremely during aerobic conditions and its activity comes to be decreased as dissolved oxygen concentration down, however the number of Bacillus sp. increase until stationary phase ends up. When dissolved air in the reactor is depleted, death phase of Bacillus sp. appears. Since the Bacillus sp. could not properly survive under anaerobic condition, they transform themselves into spore, which has superior settle ability to general microorganism floc. Also, for more activated condition to Bacillus sp, an agent for activating microorganisms is injected into the reactor. The agent is characterized by being formulated with SiO2, MgSO4xx7H2O, CaO, FeO and trace amount of inorganic compounds.
NOVELTY - A fluidized bed microorganism media case for treating sewage and wastewater is provided to treat sewage and wastewater within the desired water quality standard values by simultaneously preventing falling off of microorganisms due to contact and expanding contact area of the microorganisms, thereby increasing activity of the microorganisms and treatment efficiency of the sewage and wastewater.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In constructing a fluidized bed microorganism media which is used by being injected into an aeration vessel mounted in a facility for treating sewage and wastewater, the fluidized bed microorganism media case for treating sewage and wastewater comprises a water storing chamber which is installed inside a tank body (14) on which a plurality of penetrating holes (12) are formed, wherein activated carbon fillers (28) and polyurethane filler (32) are injected into the water storing chamber; and a plurality of support partitions (22,38) and support rims which are integrally installed at positions with spaced apart from the tank body (14) in a certain distance so that textile yarn fabrics (30) covered on the outer surface of the tank body (14) are prevented from being contacted with other object.
NOVELTY - A microbial preparation added to feedstuff of livestock and used for the treatment of excreta of livestock is provided, thereby preventing diarrhea of livestock and decreasing BOD of the excreta of livestock.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microbial preparation added to feedstuff of livestock and used for the treatment of excreta of livestock comprises 10 to 70 wt.% of Azospirillum sp. (KCTC 8989P), 1 to 60 wt.% of Streptococcus thermophilus (KCTC 8988P) and 1 to 60 wt.% of Bacillus subtilis (KCTC 8990P). The yeast and Corynebacterium glutamicum (KCTC 3339) can be further added into the microbial preparation when it is added into livestock feedstuff. The Rhodospirillum rubrum (KCTC-1372), Thiobacillus denitrificans (KCCM 31224) and Nitrosomonas europaea (KCTC 2704) can be further added into the microbial preparation when it is added into the livestock feedstuff.
NOVELTY - A repair and remediation process of insanitary landfill and reutilizing method of the landfill is provided, which can prevent diffusion of leachate pollutants and purifying treat contaminated soil by repair and remediation of insanitary landfill, so that prevent any environmental pollution relevant to landfill. The process can also maximize reutilization of landfill as a useful land.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process is as follows: (i) divide landfill into a fixed depth and area, install landfill gas collecting pipe and air feeding pipe and feed new strain microorganism and air for rapid stabilizing; (ii) excavate landfill, separate gross particle and non-combustible waste and transport and feed by belt conveyor; (iii) screen and separate contaminated earth and sand and vinyl by passing the excavated waste through primary rotating screen and secondary rotating screen; (iv) excavate and separate screened earth and sand and contaminated soil in landfill and heat at 150-350degreesC according to the contaminated state for thermal de-sorption; (v) excavate and separate screened earth and sand and contaminated soil in landfill and adjust to pH of 7-8, temperature of 20-50degreesC and humidity of 40-50 % according to the contaminated state, feed new strain microorganism and nutrient for rapid bioreaction to remove various contaminants contained in soil from activated microorganism for biological contaminated soil remediation; and (vi) reutilize the repaired and remediated landfill as a useful soil.
NOVELTY - Pollutants processing method involves mixing microbial bed such as food microbe bed or waste microbial bed, its ground material or solution, and pollutants such as waste material and contaminated earth, and sealing the mixture (1) in a sealed container (2).    USE - For treating decomposition-resistant pollutants, such as aromatic carbohydrates, organochlorine compounds, such as dioxin and trichloroethylene, solvent for substrate cleaning, benzopyrene, and mercury group substances.    ADVANTAGE - The decomposition-resistant pollutants contaminated in the soil, is decomposes easily using the microbial bed which has pollutants decomposition ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sealed container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the pollutants processing method.    Mixture (1)    Sealed container (drum) (2)
NOVELTY - A bio-degradation promoting block (2) comprises an integrally molded synthetic resin mold having uneven surface provided with linear crushing strength and wear resistance. The block accelerates bio-degradation of waste by microorganisms when an organic substance (3) and the block are thrown and mixed in a sealed container.    USE - For accelerating bio-degradation of organic substances, such as organic refuse from hotels, restaurants and homes, organic industrial wastes, marine residuum, sewage sludge, and waste sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The bio-degradation promotion block which accelerates propagation of microbes, has excellent wear resistance and crushing strength, and effectively enables bio-degradation of organic waste disposal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a bio-degradable processing apparatus; and    (b) organic waste decomposing method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of organic waste bio-degradation process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Bio-degradation promotion block (2)    Organic substance (3)    Stirring blade (4)
NOVELTY - Processing method involves force feeding of organic waste into a vertical container (11) by one or more drive units located at container lower portion. A conveyance cylinder (13) with stir feeder (12) is provided at the center of container inner side. A microorganism carrier containing organic waste is sent from lower to upper portion of container to form circulating flow of microorganisms carrier in container.    USE - For processing organic waste let out from industry, food processing factory.    ADVANTAGE - Enables uniform mixing of microorganism carrier and crushed organic waste without any segregation. Shortens processing time of organic waste by improving mixing efficiency of the organic waste and microorganism carrier. Enables decomposition of large quantity of organic waste within short time without necessitating pretreatment installation since mixing is performed reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic waste processing device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of organic waste processing device.    Vertical container (11)    Stir feeder (12)    Conveyance cylinder (13)
NOVELTY - Several mixing feeders (14) are arranged between outer wall of a cylindrical conveyor (13) and inner wall of a vertical container (11). The mixing feeders circulate the microorganism carrier mixed organic waste around the cylindrical conveyor.    USE - For processing organic waste such as industrial waste, waste from food processing factory, using microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The mixing feeders arranged between vertical container and cylindrical conveyor, enables efficient mixing of microorganism carrier and organic waste. Segregation of microorganism carrier, solidification and adherence to inner wall of container are prevented. Large amount of organic waste is treated in short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic waste processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of organic waste processing apparatus.    Vertical container (11)    Cylindrical conveyor (13)    Mixing feeder (14)
NOVELTY - A tank contains organic waste. An injection pipe (8) penetrates the sidewall of fermenter and is connected to a side portion of draft tube (2). A pump (13) is operated to send the organic waste from tank to injection pipe.    USE - For volume reduction of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - Since anaerobic treatment is performed to the waste, precipitated sludge and scum in fermenter are diffused effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic refuse volume reduction method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of organic refuse volume reduction system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Draft tube (2)    Injection pipe (8)    Pump (13)
NOVELTY - The release of hydrogen form hydrogen occlusion material, involves subjecting the hydrogen occlusion material to gas atmospheres, such as an inactive gas atmosphere, and releasing only hydrogen gas.    USE - For releasing hydrogen from hydrogen occlusion material.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen from the hydrogen occlusion material is released efficiently, simply and in large amount by the hydrogen release method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Hydrogen occlusion release method;    (b) Hydrogen occlusion system (1);    (c) Fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of hydrogen occlusion system.    Hydrogen occlusion system (1)
NOVELTY - The dry type methane fermentation of organic waste involves carrying out dry type methane fermentation of the organic waste, after adjusting the carrier-to-noise ratio of organic waste to 20-250.    USE - For organic refuse generated from food industry and paper manufacture and livestock waste.    ADVANTAGE - The organic waste is processed with high efficiency. Methane is recovered stably and effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of dry type methane fermentation process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fiber-containing organic substances (3)
NOVELTY - A calculator calculates desired values for total amount of oxidizing agent supplied to a modifier (52) and a carbon dioxide removal unit (57), anode and cathode inlet pressure. A controller adjusts actual observed values to the desired non-interacting valves, so as to control the flow rate of oxidizing agent supplied to carbon dioxide removal unit and to perform feed forward compensation of the flow rate.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is controlled reliably within a short time and temperature control of modifier is performed reliably and efficiently, by detecting the flow rate of oxidizing agent supplied to modifier, quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for modifier temperature control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (52)    Carbon dioxide removal unit (57)
NOVELTY - The system consists of a reference force (16) that is provided to both the sides of an electrolyte (18). An air pole consisting of reversible hydrogen electrode, is provided close to the edge portion of one electrode. The operating conditions of the fuel cell is adjusted based on the detected potential difference between the reference pole and a fuel electrode or between the reference pole and an air pole.    USE - Fuel cell control system for vehicle mounted power source or stationary power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Enables driving a fuel cell always at optimum operating conditions, by detecting potential difference between reference and air poles. Enables maintaining maximum energy conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of reference pole of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reference force (16)    Electrolyte (18)
NOVELTY - A judging unit judges whether a modification reaction device (104) generating reformed gas containing hydrogen is in warming-up condition. When the reaction device is in warming-up condition, a controller (501) controls valves (510-513) so as to supply the reformed gas to a fuel cell (200) without passing through a absorption tower (500) which removes the substances except hydrogen.    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the electric power is generated even when the reaction device is under warming-up condition, the sufficient power can be supplied to drive the vehicle and also the fuel consumption is reduced efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification reaction device (104)    Fuel cell (200)    Absorption tower (500)    Controller (501)    Valves (510-513)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer fuel cell connects to four sets of hydrogen occlusion alloy packed containers (A-D). The containers arranged in parallel between the source of hydrogen and a hydrogen supply pipe, perform hydrogen occlusion operation, hydrogen occlusion standby operation, hydrogen release operation and the hydrogen release standby operation in a predetermined order.    USE - Solid-polymer fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Performs not only electricity generation but also can operate for a long time by changing the electric power output to the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid-polymer fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen occlusion alloy packed containers (A-D)
NOVELTY - An evaporator comprises a header (12A) consisting of supply routes (10,11) which are piled up in two stages on upper surface of a heat exchanger (9), for supply of methanol (30) and water (31), respectively. The supply holes (13a,13b) are drilled on the respective supply routes for conveying mixture of methanol and water.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since supply holes are provided, methanol and water are individually supplied to each supply route, and mixed reliably at lower supply route, and so the response lag time is reduced when the mix ratio of methanol and water is changed, improving the efficiency of vaporization.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the evaporator used for fuel cell.    (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heat exchanger (9)    Supply routes (10,11)    Header (12A)    Supply holes (13a,13b)    Methanol (30)    Water (31)
NOVELTY - Two or more rotary paddles (10) radially fixed in multiple rows in a rotary axis (15) rotate along the circular arc-shaped inner peripheral wall of a stir tank (2) to decompose refuse. A stator blade (20) with gaps (21) of width corresponding to the largest treated refuse to allow penetration of the paddles, is protruded from the inner peripheral wall of the stir tank.    USE - For processing organic refuse generated and thrown out from a kitchen of a restaurant and hospitals by performing decomposition and fermentation processes for regenerating as a fertilizer, feed, etc.    ADVANTAGE - An organic refuse can be treated so as to be more dry and a decomposition process can be performed efficiently while forcedly breaking the lumps of the organic refuse itself or the lumps of organic refuse compost using rotary paddles of multi rows since a stator blade having gaps of width corresponding to the largest refuse is set so as to allow the penetration of these paddles among the gaps. The situation where an organic refuse is taken out in an unprocessed state or without obtaining a required decomposition effect, can be prevented even when an organic refuse of big lumps and adhesive nature is thrown in large quantities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The paddles are arranged at regular axial intervals of the rotary axis. The gaps of the stator blade are set at the same intervals along axial direction, as the paddles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is the principal part perspective diagram of a stir machine for organic refuse process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Stir tank (2)    Rotary paddle (10)    Rotary axis (15)    Stator blade (20)    Gap (21)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic cell (1) has a solid polymer electrolytic film (P) which electrolyzes the supplied water to hydrogen and oxygen that are ejected out through ejection units (2a,2b) respectively. The ejected hydrogen and oxygen are treated by the desulfurization mechanisms (3,4) and CO removal device (7) respectively.    USE - For treating gas such as town gas ejected from solid polymer fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen and oxygen are treated by desulfurization mechanism and CO removal device, the CO and sulfur compounds in the ejected gas are removed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Solid polymer fuel cell;    (b) Gas treatment method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid polymer fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolytic cell (1)    Ejection units (2a,2b)    Desulfurization mechanisms (3,4)    CO removal device (7)    Solid polymer electrolytic film (P)
NOVELTY - Recycle system of organic waste, has unit for recovering organic waste, unit for mixing medium material with organic waste (A) to produce fermentation promotion material, and unit for mixing the obtained fermentation promotion material with organic waste (B) to produce a compost.    USE - For recycling organic waste such as domestic organic waste, industrial organic waste, live-stock waste, and waste from farm house.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables effective recycle of organic waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of organic waste recycle system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Live-stock waste processing, involves circulating waste between structures exposed to atmosphere (7) and storage tank (9). The waste receives air during circulation, and anaerobic fermentation is inhibited and bad odor is controlled. During circulation the live-stock is concentrated.    USE - Useful as fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents generation of bad odor by inhibiting anaerobic fermentation, and eliminates the need for separate concentrator and aerator thereby conserves energy such as electricity and reduces cost. During circulation, live-stock waste is simultaneously maturated and concentrated. The concentrated end product has reduced volume, and can be easily handled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow sheet of cattle feces and urine processing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Structure exposed to atmosphere(9) Storage tank (7)
NOVELTY - The distributed compost production system has conveyance vehicles (11a-11d,12) to transport deodorized wastes from waste collection places (1a-1t) to a composting center (3).    USE - For collecting wastes from districts and composting.    ADVANTAGE - Since wastes are transported after deodorization, generation of odor in the conveyance route of wastes is inhibited. Composting of wastes can be planned based on information transmitted between waste collection place and composting center.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of the waste disposal system.    Wastes collection place (1a-1t)    Composing center (3)    Conveyance vehicles (11a-11d,12)
NOVELTY - A primary hydrogen storage unit (MH1) supplies hydrogen at normal temperature. A secondary hydrogen storage unit (MH2) supplies hydrogen at temperature higher than normal temperature. The hydrogen in the secondary unit is heated using heat of fuel cell (120). The supply from both units is selected by a switch. A valve (34) is opened to fill hydrogen in primary unit, when hydrogen is supplied from secondary unit.    USE - For fuel cell system in moving units (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The selective supply of hydrogen using the switch enables efficient filling of the storage units by preventing either becoming empty. Energy efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell system; and    (b) Moving unit using the above systems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Filling valve (34)    Fuel cell (120)    Primary hydrogen storage unit (MH1)    Secondary hydrogen storage unit (MH2)
NOVELTY - The fuel oil is obtained by polymerizing light olefins and subjecting to hydrogenation.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel oil has extremely low sulfur concentration. Sulfur- and coke-poisoning of the catalyst in the reforming process, is suppressed. Durability of the catalyst is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of hydrogen in fuel cell.
NOVELTY - According to the proposal, crude oil is first treated by conventional fractional distillation. During this process heat is provided by a heating element, made by a powder metallurgy method from a mixture of molybdenum oil, tungsten, molybdenum, silicon dioxide, ceramic-metal compound, metal-isotope-oxide, etc. in powder form. Hydrogen sulfide produced as a by-product of the fractional distillation of crude oil is recycled, mixed with water, heated and electrolyzed. Liquid hydrogen is separated by forced cooling. Liquid hydrogen is heated and added to the semi-finished product of the first operation.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - Membrane-electrode unit consists of a polymer electrolyte membrane having a first side and a second side both having porous reaction layers and gas distributor layers. The reaction layers contains precious metal catalysts supported on carbon, and ionomers. One of the reaction layers additionally contains a precious metal.    USE - Used for polymer electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The activity of the reaction layer is increased and the catalyst is utilized better.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a membrane-electrode unit comprising:    (a) applying a reaction layer containing a precious metal on the first side of the polymer electrolyte membrane;    (b) applying the second reaction layer on the second side of the polymer electrolyte membrane; and    (c) contacting the reaction layers with the gas distribution layers.    The step of applying the reaction layer on the first side of the membrane comprises preparing an ink by mixing the precious metal and the supported catalyst in a solution of an ion-conducting polymer in a solvent, dispersing and homogenizing the ink, coating the first side of the membrane with the ink, and finishing the reaction layer by drying the coating.    Preferably the total thickness of one reaction layer is 5-100, preferably 10-50 microns.
NOVELTY - The device has an arrangement (5,6) in a spray chamber (2) for injecting liquid into a gas line and an arrangement (10,11,12,14,15) for heating the liquid. The spray chamber is arranged next to a heat exchanger region (3) for at least partial evaporation of the liquid. The heat exchanger region has a number of flow channels for gas flows to be humidified, which are at least partly bounded by heated heat exchanger surfaces for evaporating liquid.    USE - For humidifying a gas flow.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a high humidity or high relative humidity to be achieved with reduced control and equipment costs and can be used at low frequencies.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a use of the device to humidify process gases in a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a device for humidifying a gas flow with several views    arrangement for injecting liquid into gas line (5,6)    spray chamber (2)    arrangement for heating the liquid (10,11,12,14,15)    heat exchanger region (3)
NOVELTY - The method involves operating only the first gas generator unit (2a) during the starting phase at a power level above its rated level and/or an operating temperature above its rated level, then operating at least the second gas generator unit (2b) after the starting phase has been completed. The first gas generator unit is only operated after the starting phase if a power level is required in excess of the second unit's rated power level.    USE - For operating a gas generator in fuel cell system with at least two gas generator units in series carrying an output flow and with first and second rated power levels and defined operating temperatures, whereby the first unit has a lower thermal mass than the second.    ADVANTAGE - Improved, especially with respect to cold start characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a simplified block diagram representation of a fuel cell system during the starting and normal operation phases    gas generator units (2a, 2b)    gas cleaning unit (3)    fuel cell (4)    exhaust gas treatment unit (7)
NOVELTY - Biogas plant for fermentation of organic material has a stirrer (7) attached to an arm (11) which is mounted on a pivot (9, 10) in the upper corner of the tank (5) immediately below its lid (6).    USE - For fermentation of grass, stable manure, liquid fertilizer or sewage sludge, especially on a small scale.    ADVANTAGE - Adjustment of the height of the stirrer is easier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the plant, seen from the side.    Tank (5)    Tank lid (6)    Stirrer (7)    Pivot (9, 10)    Stirrer arm (11)
NOVELTY - A modulated pressure regulator downstream of the cathode outlet, varies back pressure of gas leaving the cathode (26). Measurements are taken from the surroundings, and of system operational state. These are sent to a controller (44) modulating the regulator (42), and optimizing system performance in response to surrounding conditions.    USE - To optimize performance a vehicle fuel cell plant in response to varying external conditions of pressure and temperature.    ADVANTAGE - Performance, in terms e.g. of electrical output, compressor efficiency, water neutrality and/or system efficiency, of the overall system associated with the fuel cell, is optimized under varying external conditions, i.e. of temperature and pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a corresponding fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An implementation is shown in block flow diagram form.(Drawing includes non-English language text)    gas leaving cathode (26)    gas leaving anode (28)    regulator (42)    controller (44)
NOVELTY - The stack (10) made up of fuel cells (12) has a hollow reservoir (11) for storing electrolyte. The reservoir is filled with porous bodies which absorb the electrolyte which can be topped up through a filler pipe (13). As the electrolyte level in the cells drops the electrolyte, under the action of electric forces acting in the cell, is. automatically topped up. A reservoir at the bottom of the stack (11a) traps excessive electrolyte.    USE - With molten carbonate fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Stack is simple to manufacture at favorable cost. No pipes to distribute electrolyte thus eliminating paths for creepage currents. Reservoir structure relieves porous bodies of load bearing function thus favorable in respect of creepage stability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view of a stack arrangement to the present invention.    stack (10)    reservoirs (11,11a)    fuel cells (12)    filler pipe (13)    .
NOVELTY - The stack (10) made up of fuel cells (12) has a hollow reservoir (11) for storing electrolyte. The reservoir is filled with porous bodies which absorb the electrolyte which can be topped up through a filler pipe (13). As the electrolyte level in the cells drops the electrolyte, under the action of electric forces acting in the cell, is automatically topped up. A reservoir (11a) at the bottom of the stack traps excessive electrolyte.    USE - With molten carbonate fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Stack is simple to manufacture at favorable cost. No pipes to distribute electrolyte thus eliminating paths for creepage currents. Reservoir structure relieves porous bodies of load bearing function and is thus favorable in respect of creepage stability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view of a stack arrangement to the present invention.    stack (10)    reservoirs (11,11a)    fuel cells (12)    filler pipe (13)    .
NOVELTY - The method of operating the fuel cell (1) is carried out so that when needed a second fuel (14) is supplied. The first fuel (13) is methanol and the second fuel (14) is hydrogen. The second fuel (14) is supplied to the fuel cell (1), dependent on the load. The second fuel (14) is supplied as soon as the voltage of the fuel cell (1) fails to reach depending on the load a predetermined value.    USE - Fuel cells using methanol, water and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Method for operating fuel cell which on one side offers a high electrical power reserves and on other side is cost effective in operation. Also Fuel cell is created which can be operated in the method detailed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure 1 shows a fuel cell schematically.    Fuel cell (1)    Polymer electrolyte diaphragm (2)    Anode chamber (3)    Cathode chamber (4)    Cathode (5)    Anode (6)    Electric connections (7,8)    First fuel methanol (13)    Second fuel hydrogen (14)    Container (16)    Water (17)    Pumps (19,20)    Gas container (22)    Circulation pump (25)    Valve, (26)    Non return valve (17)
NOVELTY - Air is fed to the cell cathode (2) using a fan (7) or compressor. Cathode exhaust gas discharges through a control valve (10) to a burner (6). Exhaust gas from the anode (1) is supplied through a pipe (5) to the burner. Residual oxygen and hydrogen in the exhaust gases burn, the heat produced being extracted by a heat exchanger (12). If additional air is required this can be supplied by the fan through a pipe (14) connected to the control valve    USE - For the production of electric power and heat, preferably using a catalytic burner to reduce noxious products    ADVANTAGE - Employs a single fan or compressor to supply air to cell and when required to the burner    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell arrangement to the present invention.    anode (1)    cathode (2)    pipes (5,14)    burner (6)    fan (7)    control valve (10)    heat exchanger (12)
NOVELTY - The device has a fuel cell (11) that interacts on the input and output sides with a compressor unit (14) and an expansion unit (20) respectively, whereby the expansion unit interacts with the compressor unit via a drive train. The drive train (27) contains a coupling arrangement (25) that only transfers energy from the expansion unit to the compressor unit.    USE - Especially for a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The drive train between the expansion unit and the compressor unit enables efficient operation of the fuel cell device even under dynamic operating conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram representation of a fuel cell device    fuel cell (11)    compressor unit (14)    expansion unit (20)    drive train (27)    coupling arrangement (25)