TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The heat is provided by heating a selected volume of coal formation from heat sources to pyrolyze at least some coal within the selected volume of the formation. The heating energy/day provided to the volume (V) is equal to or less than Pwr, which is hxVxCvxrho-B, where Pwr is the heating energy/day; h is average heating rate of formation; Cv is average heat capacity; rho-B is formation bulk density. The heat is transferred by conduction, or by increasing a permeability of a majority of the selection section of greater than 100 millidarcy. The controlling step includes maintaining a temperature in the selected section within a pyrolysis temperature range, and controlling a pressure (i.e., maintaining at 2-100 bar) with a valve coupled in the formation. The heat is controlled such that the average heating rate of selected section is less than 1 degrees C/day during pyrolysis. A portion of hydrogen (H2) is recirculated from the mixture to the formation. A pressure within the formation is altered to inhibit production of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than 25. Further, H2 is provided to the heated section to hydrogenate hydrocarbons within the section, and heating a portion of section with heat from hydrogenation. The produced mixture is separated into aqueous and non-aqueous streams. The bore is formed by using steerable motor and accelerometer. The production oxidation product is removed by the conduit and inhibited from flowing into portions of the formation beyond the reaction zone. The method of sequestering CO2 within a coal formation further comprises raising a water level within the portion of inhibit migration of CO2 from the portion, heating a portion to release CO2, and producing synthesis gas. The heating of a portion comprises circulating heat transfer fluid through heating wells within the formation. The CO2 is generated in fuel cell or formed as combustion product. The portion is allowed to cool by introducing water and removing the water from the formation as steam. The steam is used as heat transfer fluid to heat a second portion of the formation. The CO2 is stored in the portion comprises adsorbing CO2 to carbon containing material within the formation. In the formation of energy from coal formation, the subsurface is a second coal formation, which is at greater than 760 m below ground surface. In the production of ammonia, the carbon dioxide is separated from the synthesis gas by an amine separator. The air is separated by using cryogenic distillation or membrane separation.Preferred Parameters: The heating rate is less than 10 (less than 1) degrees C/day and the thermal conductivity of the selected section is greater than 0.5 W/(m degrees C) . The controlled pressure is at least2 bar absolute. The produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons having API gravity of at least250. The partial pressure of hydrogen in the produced mixture is greater than 0.5 bar. The minimum pyrolysis temperature is 270 degrees C. The controlling of heat yields a greater than 60 wt.% condensable hydrocarbons, as measured by Fischer Assay. The support oxidation is carried out at 200-1200 degrees C. The support reaction of the hydrocarbon material in the formation is 400-1200 degrees C.Preferred Products: The produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons, and non-condensable hydrocarbons. The produced mixture comprises greater than 0.05 wt.% ammonia. Each of the condensable and non-condensable hydrocarbons comprise 0.1-15 wt.% olefins. The molar ratio of ethene and ethane in non-condensable hydrocarbons is 0.001-0.15. The condensable hydrocarbons comprise less than 1 wt.% nitrogen (N2) or oxygen, 5-30 wt.% oxygen containing compounds comprising phenols, less than 1 wt.% sulfur, greater than 20 wt.% aromatic compounds, less than 5 wt.% multi-ring aromatics, less than 0.3 wt.% asphaltenes, and 5-30 wt.% cycloalkanes. The non-condensable hydrocarbons include 10-80 vol.% H2, hydrogen sulfide, and CO2. The ratio of H2 to N2 is approximately 3:1 or 2.8:1 to 3.2:1. The viscosity of the hydrocarbons is approximately 20-1000 cP.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The heat sources are arranged in patterns of polygon such as hexagon or triangle. The heat sources comprise electric heaters, surface burners, flameless distributed combustors, or natural distributed combustors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The oxidizing fluid generates heat in the reaction zone such that it is transported through the reaction zone by diffusion. The conduit comprises orifices and critical flow orifices. The critical flow orifices controls the flow of the oxidizing fluid such that the oxidation in the formation is controlled. An insulated conductor or an elongated member is disposed within the opening to heat at least a portion of the formation. A heat exchanger is disposed external the formation to heat the oxidizing fluid. An overburden casing is coupled to the opening. A packing material comprising cement is disposed at the junction of the overburden casing and opening.Preferred Parameters: A portion of the formation extending radially from the opening has a width of less than approximately 0.2 m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The overburden casing comprises steel.