TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The heat sources comprise at least two heat sources, and superposition of heat from at least two heat sources pyrolyzes at least some hydrocarbons within the selected section of the formation. The method involves controlling formation conditions by maintaining a temperature within the selected section within a pyrolysis temperature range with a lower pyrolysis temperature of 250degreesC and an upper pyrolysis temperature of 400degreesC.The heat sources comprise electrical heaters (803), surface burners, flameless distributed combustors, or natural distributed combustors. They are resuspended within the open wellbores. A tube, preferably a perforated tube is positioned in at least one of the open wellbores near the heat source, and the method also comprises flowing a constant amount of fluid, preferably a corrosion inhibiting fluid into at least one of the open wellbores through critical flow orifices in the tube.The method also comprises coupling an overburden casing to at least one of the open wellbores, where the overburden casing which may comprise steel is disposed in an overburden of the formation and further positioned in cement. A packing material is disposed at a junction of the overburden casing and the wellbore.The method also comprises inhibiting a flow of fluid between the open wellbores and the overburden casing with a packing material; heating at least the portion of the formation to pyrolyze at least some of the carbon within the formation; controlling a pressure and a temperature within at least a majority of the selected section of the formation, where the pressure is controlled as a function of temperature or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure and controlling a pressure with the wellbore.The pressure within at least a majority of the selected section of the formation is controlled, preferably at at least 2 bar absolute, with a valve coupled to at least one of the heat sources or to a production well located in the formation.The method also comprises controlling the heat so that an average heating rate of the selected section is less than 1degreesC/day during pyrolysis. Heat sources are provided to at least the portion of formation by heating a selected volume (V) of the coal formation from the heat sources, where the formation has an average heat capacity (Cv) and the heating pyrolyzes at least some hydrocarbons within the selected volume of the formation.The heating energy/day provided to the volume is upto Pwr which is calculated by the equation, Pwr = hasteriskVasteriskCvasteriskr-B, where Pwr is the heating energy/day, h is an average heating rate of the formation, rho-B = is formation bulk density, and the heating rate is less than 10degreesC/day. Heat is allowed to transfer from the heat sources to the selected section by transferring heat by conduction. Heat is provided from the heat sources by heating the selected section such that a thermal conductivity of at least a portion of the selected section is greater than 0.5 W/(m degreesC).The method also comprises controlling formation conditions so that the produced mixture comprises a partial pressure of hydrogen (H2) within the mixture of greater than 0.5 bar. The partial pressure of H2 is measured when the mixture is at a production well. Controlling formation conditions comprises recirculating a portion of hydrogen from the mixture into the formation.The method also includes altering a pressure within the formation to inhibit production of hydrocarbons from the formation having carbon numbers greater than 25. It also includes providing H2 to the heated section to hydrogenate hydrocarbons within the section, and heating a portion of the section with heat from hydrogenation. A portion of the produced condensable hydrocarbons is hydrogenated with at least a portion of the produced hydrogen. The heat is allowed to transfer by increasing a permeability of a majority of the selected section. It is controlled to yield greater than 60 wt.% condensable hydrocarbons, as measured by Fischer Assay. The mixture is produced in a production well, where at least 7 heat sources are positioned. At least 3 heat sources are located in the formation in a unit of heat sources comprising a triangular pattern. The produced mixture is separated into a gas or vapor stream (813) and a liquid stream. The liquid stream is separated into an aqueous stream (811) and a non-aqueous stream. The mixture comprises hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or carbon dioxide and a portion of which is separated from non-condensable hydrocarbons. The heating is controlled so that the mixture can be produced from the formation as a vapor. A wellbore is heated to inhibit condensation of the mixture within the wellbore.The method includes heating the formation with the heater element in the wellbore to produce the mixture comprising a large non-condensable hydrocarbon gas component and H2. The selected section is heated to a minimum pyrolysis temperature of 270degreesC. The pressure is controlled from atmospheric pressure to 100 bar, as measured at a wellhead of a production well (825) to control an amount of condensable hydrocarbons within the produced mixture. It is reduced to increase production of condensable hydrocarbons and is increased to increase production of non-condensable hydrocarbons. It is controlled within the atmospheric pressure to 100 bar, as measured at a wellhead of a production well to control an American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of condensable hydrocarbons within the produced mixture. It is reduced or increased to decrease the API gravity. In the production of synthesis gas, the permeability of the section is greater than 100 millidarcy when the temperature to allow synthesis gas generation, which is preferably 400-1200degreesC, is achieved.The method for producing synthesis gas also includes heating the section when providing synthesis gas generating fluid to inhibit temperature decrease in the section due to synthesis gas generation; and convecting an oxidizing fluid preferably air into a portion of the section, where the temperature within the section is above that to support oxidation of carbon within the section with the oxidizing fluid, and reacting the oxidizing fluid with carbon in the section to generate heat within the section. The amount of the oxidizing fluid convected into the section is configured to inhibit formation of oxides of nitrogen by maintaining a reaction temperature below that to produce oxides of nitrogen compounds.Heating the section comprises diffusing an oxidizing fluid to reaction zones adjacent to wellbores within the formation, oxidizing carbon within the reaction zone to generate heat, and transferring the heat to the section. Heating the section to a temperature to allow synthesis gas generation and providing a synthesis gas generating fluid to the section comprise introducing steam into the section to heat the formation and to generate synthesis gas. The method also includes controlling the heating of the section and provision of the synthesis gas generating fluid to maintain a temperature within the section above that to generate synthesis gas. It involves monitoring a composition of the produced synthesis gas and controlling heating of the section and provision of the synthesis gas generating fluid which is preferably liquid water, steam, water and/or carbon dioxide, or water and hydrocarbon, to maintain the composition of the produced synthesis gas within a selected range, preferably a ratio of H2 to CO of 2:1.The synthesis gas is removed from a producer well equipped with a heating source, a portion of which adjacent to a synthesis gas producing zone operates at a constant temperature of 700degreesC to promote production of the synthesis gas. It includes maintaining a pressure within the formation; passing produced synthesis gas through a turbine to generate electricity using a fuel cell; separating carbon dioxide from a fluid exiting the fuel cell; storing a portion of the separated carbon dioxide within a spent section of the formation; using a portion of the synthesis gas as a combustion fuel to heat the formation; converting at least a portion of the produced synthesis gas to condensable hydrocarbons using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, to methanol, to gasoline, or to methane using a catalytic methanation process; and/or providing heat from at least three heat sources.In the production of ammonia, the fluids (807) produced during pyrolysis of a coal formation are hydrotreated and at least some ammonia is produced during hydrotreating. A portion of the ammonia is provided to a urea synthesis process to produce urea.Preferred Product: The produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons having an API gravity of at least 25degrees, where 0.1-15 wt.% of the condensable hydrocarbons are olefins. It also comprises non-condensable hydrocarbons, where a molar ratio of ethene to ethane in the non-condensable hydrocarbons is 0.001-0.15. 0.1-15 wt.% of the non-condensable hydrocarbons are olefins. Less than 1 wt.%, when calculated on an atomic basis, of the condensable hydrocarbons is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. 5-30 wt.% of the condensable hydrocarbons comprise oxygen containing compounds comprising phenols. The condensable hydrocarbon comprises greater than 20 wt.% aromatic compounds, less than 5 wt.% multi-ring aromatics with more than 2 rings, less than 0.3 wt.% asphaltenes, and 5-30 wt.% cycloalkanes. The non-condensable component comprises greater than 10 and less than 80 vol.% hydrogen. The produced mixture comprises 0.05 wt.% ammonia that is used to produce fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The conduit comprises orifices to provide the oxidizing fluid into the opening, and critical flow orifices to control flow of the oxidizing fluid. It is cooled with the oxidizing fluid and to remove an oxidation product. The system also includes a center conduit within the conduit, a conductor in a second conduit, an insulated conductor positioned within the opening, at least one elongated member within the opening, a heat exchanger external to the formation, and an overburden casing coupled to the opening. It is also configured so that transferred heat can pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis zone. EXAMPLE - Gas compositions respectively produced from in situ gasification of coal using air injection and oxygen injection to heat the coal were compared to a gas composition which was obtained from in situ gasification of coal in a reducing atmosphere by thermal pyrolysis heating as described by the invention. The gas composition comprised 16.7% H2, 61.9% methane, 0.9% carbon monoxide, 5.3% carbon dioxide, and 15.2% ethane.    The results showed the gas composition produced by thermal conductive heating could be treated and sold through existing natural gas systems. In contrast, the compositions produced by typical in situ gasification processes could not be treated and sold through existing natural gas systems, i.e. respective heating values of the gases produced by gasification with air and oxygen were 6000 and 11439 KJ/m3, while the heating value of the gas produced by thermal conductive heating was 39159 KJ/m3.