US6326104-B1  Bonhote, et al., Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts, Inorg. Chem. vol., 35, pp. 1168-1178 (1996).;  Caja, et al., Room Temperature Molten Salts (Ionic Liquids) as Electrolytes in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries, published in SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference (Apr. 6-8, 1999), Mesa, Arizona, pp. 217-222.;  Carlin, et al., Dual Intercalating Molten Electrolyte Batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 141, No. 7, pp. L73-L76.(Jul. 1994).;  Carlin, et al., Reversible Lithium-Graphite Anodes in Room-Temperature Chloroaluminate Melts, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 141, No. 3, pp. L21-L22. (Mar. 1994).;  Fannin, Jr., et al., Properties of 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Chloride-Aluminum Chloride Ionic Liquids. 2. Phase Transitions, Densities, Electrical Conductivities, and Viscosities, J. Phys. Chem, 88, 2614-2621 (1984).;  Fuller, et al. Structure of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate: Model for Room Temperature Molten Salts, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., pp. 299-300. (1994).;  Fuller, et al., In Situ Optical Microscopy Investigations of Lithium and Sodium Film Formation in Buffered Room Temperature Molten Salts, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 143, No. 7, pp. L145-L147. (Jul. 1996).;  Fuller, et al., The Room Temperature Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate: Electrochemical Couples and Physical Properties, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 144, No. 11, pp. 3881-3886. (Nov. 1997).;  Gifford, et al., A Substituted Imidazolium Chloroaluminate Molten Salt Possessing an Increased Electrochemical Window, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. No. 3, pp. 610-614 (Mar. 1987).;  Koch, et al., The Interfacial Stability of Li with Two New Solvent-Free Ionic Liquids: 1,2-Dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium Imide and Methide, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 142, No. 7, pp. L116--L118. (Jul. 1995).;  Koch, et al., The Intrinsic Anodic Stability of Several Anions Comprising Solvent-Free Ionic Liquids, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 1 43, No. 3 (Mar. 1996).;  Lipsztajn, et al., Electrochemical Reduction of N-(1-Butyl)Pyridinium Cation In 1-Methyl-3-Ethylimidazolium Chloride-Aluminium Chloride Ambient Temperature Ionic Liquids, Electrochemica Acta, vol. 29, No. 10, pp 1349-1352, (1984).;  Melton, et al., Electrochemical Studies of Sodium Chloride as a Lewis Buffer for Room Temperature Chloroaluminate Molten Salts, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 137, pp. 3865-3869. (Dec. 1990).;  Niyazymbetov, et al., Electrochemical Oxidation of Nitroazole Anions, translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2390-2391, published by Plenum Publishing Corp., (Oct., 1987).;  Scordilis-Kelley, et al., Alkali Metal Reduction Potentials Measured in Chloroaliminate Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 139, No. 3, pp. 694-699. (Mar. 1992).;  Scordilis-Kelly, et al., Stability and Electrochemistry of Lithium in Room Temperature Chloroaluminate Molten Salts, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 141, No. 4, pp. 873-875. (Apr. 1994).;  Suarez, et al., Enlarged electrochemical window in dialkyl-imidazolium cation based room-temperature air and water-stable molten salts, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 42, No. 16, pp. 2533-2535 (1997).;  Suarez, et al., The Use Of New Ionic Liquids in Two-Phase Catalytic Hydrogenation Reaction By Rhodium Complexes, Polyhedron, vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 1217-1219 (1996).;  Wilkes, et al., Air and Water Stable 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Based Ionic Liquids, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., pp. 965-966 (1992).