TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The superposition of heat from two heat sources pyrolyzes the coal in the selected section of the formation, and the temperature of the selected section is maintained within the pyrolysis temperature. The pressure of the formation is controlled as a function of temperature, or vice versa. The average heating rate of the selected section of the formation is controlled to less than 1degreesC/day during pyrolysis. The selected volume (V) of the formation is heated, and the formation has average heat capacity (Cv).The heating energy per day (Pwr) is given by the relation:Pwr = hxVxCvxrhoB, where h is average heating rate of the formation and rhoB is formation bulk density. The coal is heated at a rate of less than 10degreesC/day. The heat is transferred by conduction, and the coal is heated such the selected portion has thermal conductivity of greater than 0.5 W/m(degreesC). The pressure of the selected section is controlled to 2 bar absolute.A portion of hydrogen in the mixture is recirculated, and a portion of mixture produced is hydrogenated using the hydrogen. The hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in non-condensable hydrocarbon are separated and removed. The partial pressure of hydrogen is measured when the mixture is at a production well (825). The mixture is produced in the production well, and at least 7 heat sources are positioned in the formation for each production well. 3 or more heat sources are located in the formation in a unit of heat sources comprising a triangular pattern. The mixture is separated into a gas stream and liquid stream. The minimum pyrolysis temperature is 270degreesC. The pressure is reduced to increase production of condensable hydrocarbons and to reduce API gravity. The production of non-condensable hydrocarbons is increased.Preferred Composition: The obtained mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons containing (in wt.%): olefins (0.1-15) with API gravity of at least 25degrees, and non-condensable hydrocarbons containing ethene and ethane in molar ratio of 0.001-0.1. The condensable hydrocarbons comprise olefins (0.1-15), less than 1 wt.% of each of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, phenols (5-30), aromatic compounds (20 or more), multi-ring aromatics (5 or less), asphaltene (0.3 or less) and cycloalkane (5-30). The non-condensable hydrocarbons comprises 10-80 volume% of hydrogen. The mixture comprises greater than 0.05 wt.% of ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The heat source(s) are electric heaters (803), surface burners, flameless distributed combustors and/or natural distributed combustors.