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PROCEEDINGS CONFERENCE ON 6 - 8 DEC 2000, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, 6 December 2000 (2000-12-06), pages 415-418, XP010596293 ISBN: 0-7803-6698-0;  See also references of WO 0169657A2;  See references of WO 0169657A2EP1282935-B1  SHAKOURI ALI ET AL: "Thermionic emission cooling in single barrier heterostructures" APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, AIP, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, MELVILLE, NY, US, vol. 74, no. 1, 4 January 1999 (1999-01-04), pages 88-89, XP012022131 ISSN: 0003-6951;  LEE S P ET AL: "Thermionic cooling of optoelectronic and microelectronic devices" OPTOELECTRONIC AND MICROELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES, 2000. COMMAD 2000. PROCEEDINGS CONFERENCE ON 6 - 8 DEC 2000, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, 6 December 2000 (2000-12-06), pages 415-418, XP010596293 ISBN: 0-7803-6698-0;  SHAKOURI ALI ET AL: "Heterostructure integrated thermionic coolers" APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, AIP, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, MELVILLE, NY, US, vol. 71, no. 9, 1 September 1997 (1997-09-01), pages 1234-1236, XP012019693 ISSN: 0003-6951;  MAHAN G D ET AL: "Multilayer thermionic refrigerator and generator" JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS. NEW YORK, US, vol. 83, no. 9, 1 May 1998 (1998-05-01), pages 4683-4689, XP012045087 ISSN: 0021-8979