NOVELTY - A water-repellent carbonaceous material is obtained by contacting a carbonaceous material with a water-repellent substance in a molten state, or by dropping an organic-solvent solution of a water-repellent substance into an aqueous dispersion of a carbonaceous material.    USE - The materials are material for use as gas dispersion layer, catalyst layer or separator for electrodes in manufacturing fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Such material has high water repellency even when heating to high temperature e.g. 400degreesC for 1 hour to greatly reduce the amount of water repellent substance needed to decrease electrical resistance extensively thereby enabling better conductivity and leading to improved cell performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method for producing the water-repellent carbonaceous material by contacting a carbonaceous material with a water-repellent substance in a molten state, or by dropping an organic-solvent solution of a water-repellent substance into an aqueous dispersion of a carbonaceous material;    (2) a dispersion containing the water-repellent carbonaceous material;    (3) electrode materials for fuel cells with a catalyst component supported in the water-repellent carbonaceous material;    (4) a gas dispersion layer for fuel cells obtained by soaking the water-repellent carbonaceous material with a binder resin-assembled porous material;    (5) a separator for fuel cells formed from the water-repellent carbonaceous material, or the dispersion, and a thermosetting resin; and    (6) a method for producing the separators for fuel cells from the dispersion and thermosetting resin.
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises a metal oxide support; a coating comprising zinc on the metal oxide support; and palladium in contact with the coating. The catalyst possesses a volumetric productivity of at least 10000 ml hydrogen/ml catalyst (hour).    USE - Used for alcohol (i.e. methanol) steam reforming (claimed), for use in H2 fueled fuel cells, e.g. polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst provides high conversions at relatively short contact times, selectivity control, and low temperature operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) alcohol steam reforming comprising passing water and an alcohol in contact with the catalyst, to obtain a volumetric productivity of at least 10000 ml hydrogen (H2)/ml catalyst (hour); and    (b) the production of a catalyst comprising providing a solid metal oxide support; adding a solution comprising dissolved zinc to the solid metal oxide support; adding a base to increase pH; and subsequent to a portion(s) of adding the base, depositing a metal consisting of palladium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a plot of methanol conversion versus catalyst bed temperature, for a powder and felt-supported palladium/zinc oxide catalyst.
NOVELTY - A melt solution (4) containing the raw material which contains silicon and impurity, and impurity removal agent for removing the impurity is prepared and stirred. A gas which removes the impurity in the stirred melt solution is supplied into the solution, to purify silicon.    USE - For purifying silicon used as semiconductor material for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient purification of silicon. Since the gas is efficiently dispersed in molten silicon or impurity removal agent by shearing, the contact area of gas, molten silicon and impurity removal agent is increased, ad impurity is efficiently removed in a short time. Silicon raw material is manufactured efficiently and cheaply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas for removing impurity is inert gas, water vapor and/or carbon monoxide. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for refiner of silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of refiner of silicon.    melt solution (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel storage tank (14) supplies fuel to several fuel cells (1) from which electric power is supplied to a portable terminal (50), e.g. a mobile telephone. An integrated circuit (IC) chip (32) has a memory function to store software, such as repair and application software. The fuel cell system selects customer designated software from the memory while supplying electric power to the portable terminal.    USE - Used for e.g. a mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The system allows a user to utilize software associated with various functions, without increasing the size of the portable terminal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sales of a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cells (1)    Catalyst electrode (3)    Fuel storage tank (14)    Circuit board (30)    IC chip (32)    Display section (33)    Circuit board connector (35)
NOVELTY - A response unit (4) generates a response fuel supply signal based on the signal corresponding to fuel supplied to modifier of fuel cell. A low value selection unit (3) selects the lowest value of the signals as a flow amount signal for fuel system which controls fuel supply to modifier. A controller (5) outputs a signal to water supply apparatus for controlling the water supply to modifier based on the response signal.    USE - Electric power feed system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The flow quantity of fuel and water vapor is controlled such that catalytically active reduction of the modifier is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel supply control method; and    (2) electric power feed system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of fuel supply control apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Low value selection unit (3)    Response unit (4)    Controller (5)
NOVELTY - A grid (13) comprising a metal thin film is provided on a glass plate (11). The grid and the glass plate surface are covered with an electrically conductive film (17).    USE - Used for an optoelectric transducer (claimed) such as a pigment sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical resistance of the glass surface is reduced sharply without reducing light transmission amount. Photoelectric conversion efficiency is raised.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the electrically conductive glass for optoelectric transducers.    Glass plate (11)    Shielding film (12)    Grid (13)    Electrically conductive film (17)
NOVELTY - The resin film comprises a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin and flat filler having an aspect ratio of 20 or more. The resin film contains 10-35 wt.% of filler and has a ratio of average particle diameter (d) to thickness of resin film (t), of 0.13-0.65.    USE - As reverse-side protective film for solar cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The resin film has excellent gas barrier property and is inexpensive and is easily manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) reverse-side protective film (4) for solar cells; and    (2) solar cell (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional drawing of solar cell.    solar cell (3)    reverse-side protective film (4)
NOVELTY - The soft resin sheet comprises resins other than an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and is fixed such that both ends of the sheet do not move. The difference between stress (approximatelysc) between the fixed portions when cooled from adhesion working temperature (Tl) to room temperature (Tr) and stress (approximatelysh) between the fixed portions when the resin sheet is heated from Tr to Tl, is less than 6x10-4 pa.    USE - For filler and reverse-side protection sheet used for solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The soft resin sheet is economical and suppresses peeling and reduction in electric power generation property. The sheet has excellent durability, by controlling the stress, after lamination with a material. The solar cell which is obtained using the soft resin sheet, is highly reliable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) filler (1) for solar cells;    (2) reverse-side protection sheet (4); and    (3) solar cell (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional diagram of the solar cell.    filler (1)    solar cell (3)    reverse-side protection sheet (4)
NOVELTY - Pre-expansion particles of thermoplastic polyester group resin are packed in a die-cavity and molded. The molded product is then foamed by blowing in water vapor at 0.02-0.10 MPa, so that melting point of resin after foaming is 100-150 degrees C which is lower than the melting point before foaming. Subsequently, in-mold-foamed thermoplastic polyester group resin molded product is removed from the die after cooling.    USE - As heat insulating material for solar power generation panel and as core material of fiber reinforced plastics (both claimed) such as sporting articles, housing equipment, helmet, pre shear boat, hull of fishing boat, motor vehicles, bath tub components, purification tank, ski board, surfboard boat, fishing rod, x-ray stand and table upper-board.    ADVANTAGE - The in-mold-foamed thermoplastic polyester group resin molded product has improved heat resisting property and high degree of crystallinity. The molded product has favorable exterior. The solar power generating panel formed using molded product does not deform even during abnormal heat generation of the panel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) in-mold-foamed thermoplastic polyester group resin molded product;    (2) solar power generation panel equipped with the thermoplastic polyester group resin molded product as heat insulating material; and    (3) core material for fiber reinforced plastic consisting of the resin molded product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the differential scanning calorimetric curve of the in-mold-foamed thermoplastic polyester group resin molded product. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A porous zinc oxide thin film has voids and is formed by performing a cathode electrodeposition for homogeneous forced mass transport towards a substrate surface with an electrolyte containing a zinc salt. The electrolyte is mixed with a template compound, in the presence of a substrate such that a zinc oxide thin film having the template compound adsorbed to internal surface is formed on the substrate.    USE - Used for the substrate of a dye-sensitized solar cell, zinc oxide or dye composite thin film for photoelectrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The zinc oxide or dye composite thin film for a photoelectrode is produced efficiently using the porous zinc oxide thin film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous zinc oxide thin film has voids and is formed by performing a cathode electrodeposition for homogeneous forced mass transport towards a substrate surface with an electrolyte containing a zinc salt. The electrolyte is mixed with a template compound, in the presence of a substrate such that a zinc oxide thin film having the template compound adsorbed to internal surface is formed on the substrate. The template compound is then desorbed from the zinc oxide thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph of absorption coefficient, wavelength (nm) and IPCE (%), indicating sequential absorption spectrum of zinc oxide or dye thin film and porous zinc oxide thin film, and photoelectric current activity spectrum of porous zinc oxide thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The outer periphery of a rough-shaped honeycomb structure (2) is processed by a linear cutting device, to facilitate a honeycomb structure (10) of specified shape.    USE - Used for catalytic carriers of internal combustion engines, boilers, chemical reaction equipment, and reforming equipment for fuel cells or for filters.    ADVANTAGE - The honeycomb structure enables collection of the particulates in exhaust gas efficiently, at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of honeycomb structure manufacture.    Rough-shaped honeycomb structure (2)    Honeycomb-shaped structure (10)
NOVELTY - Reforming device contains an evaporation unit (6) for evaporating unprocessed fuel and for feeding the fuel to a reforming unit, a dosing pump for dosing the fuel, a controller (8) and a monitoring device for monitoring the dosed amount of the fuel. The speed of the pump is regulated using the controller.    USE - For dosing unprocessed fuel to a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The dosed amount can be dosed at a precision of less than 2% deviation from the theoretical value of the dosed amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) A process for regulating the dosed amount of a dosing pump in a reforming device; and    (2) A process for monitoring the dosing pump in a reforming device.    Preferred Features: The dosing pump is an electrical power pump or a high pressure pump driven by an electric motor (7). Two pumps (2, 3) are arranged in series, in which one pump (3) is regulated and the other pump (2) permanently runs.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of the above reforming device.    pumps (2, 3)    evaporation unit (6)    electric motor (7)    controller (8)    flow sensor (17)
NOVELTY - A solar cell has a back-side electrode formed sequentially with a light absorption layer (5) comprising a P-type compound semiconductor and an n-type buffer layer for heterojunction. The fine particles are deposited for the formation of buffer layer, while immersing the light absorption layer in the aqueous solution. The size of the particle is increased when temperature of the aqueous solution is changed from low to high value.    USE - Used as a compound thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has increased light transmission factor and enhanced adherence of the buffer layer to the light absorption layer, even when the buffer layer is formed of indium sulfide material and restricts transmission of short wave radiation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for compound thin-film solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the compound thin-film solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Light absorption layer (5)
NOVELTY - A solar cell module (10) comprises a metallic or thermoplastic thin plate (12), and a solar cell (11) comprising a crystalline substrate having a thickness of at most200 mum. The solar cell is fixed on the metallic or thermoplastic thin plate.    USE - For absorbing radiant energy of sunlight and converting it directly into electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can be installed on a surface of a curved structure and can highly efficiently convert solar radiation into electric power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for manufacturing a solar cell module comprising stacking a transparent surface cover member, a first adhesive, a solar cell composed of crystalline substrate, an insulating sheet, a second adhesive, and a metallic thin plate to form a laminated structure; heating the laminated structure to soften the first adhesive and the second adhesive; forming the laminated structure into a curved shape while the first adhesive and the second adhesive are softened; and cooling the laminated structure to harden the first adhesive and the second adhesive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view showing a solar cell module.    Solar cell module (10)    Solar cell (11)    Thin plate (12)    Transparent film (13)    Insulating sheet (14)
NOVELTY - A silicon light-receiving device, comprises a substrate; a doped region doped to an ultra-shallow depth with an opposite type dopant to that of substrate, on one side of substrate so that a photoelectric conversion effect for light in a wavelength of 100-1100 nm is generated by a quantum confinement effect in the p-n junction with the substrate; and first and second electrodes.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive silicon light-receiving device has high quantum efficiency due to a quantum confinement effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silicon light-receiving device, comprises a substrate (11) based on n-type or p-type silicon; a doped region doped to an ultra-shallow depth with the opposite type dopant to the dopant type of the substrate, on one side of the substrate so that a photoelectric conversion effect for light in a wavelength of 100-1100 nm is generated by a quantum confinement effect in the p-n junction (14) with the substrate; and first and second electrodes (17, 19) formed on the substrate so as to be electrically connected to the doped region (15).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a p-n junction when a doped region is formed very thinly by non-equilibrium diffusion.    Substrate (11)    Control film (13)    P-n junction (14)    Doped region (15)    First and second electrodes (17, 19)
NOVELTY - A solar device comprises: (i) a substrate; (ii) a multijunction solar cell (100) structure having bottom, middle, and top subcells disposed over the substrate; (iii) a lateral conduction layer deposited over at least a portion of the multijunction solar cell structure; and (iv) a bypass diode (106) having p-type, i-type and n-type layers, deposited over the lateral conduction layer.    USE - For use in satellites for mobile and telephone communications.    ADVANTAGE - The method is easy to manufacture and uses a very low level of voltage to turn on and operate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing a solar device comprising:    (a) depositing a Ge substrate;    (b) depositing a solar cell on the substrate;    (c) depositing a lateral conduction layer on the solar cell;    (d) depositing a bypass diode over the lateral conduction layer;    (e) etching a well between the bypass diode and the solar cell; and    (f) depositing a shunt between the substrate and the bypass diode through a well, where one side of the shunt is connected to the substrate and the another side is connected to the lateral conduction layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a multijunction solar cell after the completion of all processing steps.    Solar cell (100)    GaAs buffer (103)    Junctions (105)    Diode (106)    Metallization (107)    GaAs layer (113)
NOVELTY - A microreactor (2) comprises etched microchannel (6) structure within a substrate having inlet(s) (8) and outlet(s) (10), integrated heater(s) (14) and catalyst material(s) between the inlet and the outlet.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention facilitates the occurrence of catalytic steam reforming reactions. Power input required to heat the fuel-water to product gases and complete the catalytic reaction as the gases flow through the channel is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for forming a chemical microreactor comprising forming capillary microchannel within a substrate, forming porous membrane(s) (12), embedding the porous membrane with catalyst material(s), integrated heater into the chemical microreactor, interfacing the capillary microchannel with liquid chemical reservoir at the inlet; and interfacing the microchannel with porous membrane at the outlet such that gas flow moves in a horizontal direction from the inlet through the microchannel and moves in a vertical direction from the microchannel to the outlet; and    (b) a method of operating a chemical microreactor comprising delivering a fuel source from inlet through microfluidic capillary to porous membrane, heating the capillary and membrane to 250-650degreesC, and reforming the fuel source into hydrogen and other gaseous materials while simultaneously passing the hydrogen through the porous membrane into gas flow channel(s) that is connected to fuel cell(s).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a microreactor.    Microreactor (2)    Microchannel (6)    Inlet (8)    Outlet (10)    Porous membrane (12)    Heater. (14)
NOVELTY - A hydrophilic carbon fiber construction is made by immersing a carbon fiber construction in an aqueous dispersion of a metal oxide from Type I with metal oxides having a negative zeta potential or Type II with metal oxides having a positive zeta potential, contacting the dispersion with a counterelectrode, and depositing the metal oxide on the fiber construction.    USE - For making a hydrophilic carbon fiber construction (claimed), e.g. fuel cell gas diffusion layer or diffuser/current collector, used in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides a hydrophilic carbon fiber construction, e.g. fuel cell gas diffusion layer capable of wicking 200 or 250 mg water/40 mg hydrophilic carbon fiber construction in at most60 seconds. It provides a quick and convenient method of manufacturing the hydrophilic gas diffusion layer having a uniform coating of a metal oxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Making of a hydrophilic carbon fiber construction involves immersing a carbon fiber construction in an aqueous dispersion of a metal oxide from Type I or Type II, contacting the dispersion with a counterelectrode, and electrophoretically depositing the metal oxide on the carbon fiber construction by applying electric current between the carbon fiber construction and the counterelectrode. The Type I comprises metal oxides having a negative zeta potential and Type II comprises metal oxides having a positive zeta potential. The carbon fiber construction is the anode (3) when the metal oxide is Type I. It is cathode (2) when the metal oxide is Type II.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic depiction of an electrophoresis apparatus.    Cathode (2)    Anode (3)
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger (15) exchanges heat produced from water-vapor modifier (16) during reforming of steam received from nuclear reactor (9), with oxygen-containing-hydrocarbon received from a fuel supply unit (14), so as to generate hydrogen gas.    USE - Hydrogen production system including fuel-cell power generation plant and hydrogen combustion-power generation plant for electric power industry.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reducing energy consumption, while producing hydrogen gas, thereby increasing energy utilization effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen production system.    nuclear reactor (9)    generators (10,12)    steam turbines (11,13)    fuel supply unit (14)    heat exchanger (15)    water-vapor modifier (16)    power generating plant (17)    hydrogen manufacturing plant (18)
NOVELTY - A discharge outlet (5) provided at base of a crucible (1a,1b), has width of 2-10mm. The silicon raw material (7) melted in the crucible, is tapped through the discharge outlet.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon casting apparatus used for manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for heating unit for tapping of the molten solution near the nozzle, hence the structure of the apparatus is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polycrystalline silicon melting method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the polycrystalline silicon melting apparatus.    crucible (1a,1b)    heating units (2,3)    discharge outlet (5)    silicon raw material (7)
NOVELTY - The surface of a transparent conductive layer (11b) containing zinc oxide formed on a substrate (11a) is etched using an acid or alkaline solution having an alcohol derivative containing aliphatic hydrocarbon residue bonded with a hydroxyl group through a carbon atom.    USE - For manufacturing a thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Favorable light confinement effect is acquired in a photoelectric conversion layer. A thin film solar cell having a high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained simply and inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a thin film solar cell; and    (2) an etching film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the structure of thin film solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell board (11)    Substrate (11a)    Transparent conductive layer (11b)    P-type silicon layer (12)    Silicon layer (13)    N-type silicon layer (14)    Reverse side reflection layer (15)    Reverse side electrode (16)    Photoelectric conversion layer (17)
NOVELTY - The substrate (1A,1B) having a growth surface (1HA,2HB) is contacted with molten silicon solution. The silicon sheet grows into the growth surface of the substrate. The substrate is divided and growth surface is isolated, to manufacture silicon sheet (S).    USE - For manufacturing silicon sheet for solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method avoids the slicing process and a silicon sheet is provided at high yield. The obtained silicon sheet provides a solar cell economically with small variation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline perspective diagram of silicon sheet obtained from halved substrate.    substrate (1A,1B)    main growth surface of silicon sheet (1HA,2HB)    fixing base (2A,2B)    fixed type landing gear (3A,3B)    silicon sheet (S)
NOVELTY - The gas sensor consists of two pairs of electrodes, (17,19) each containing electrodes (3,5,7,9) in between which a proton conduction layer (1) is pinched. The electrodes (3,5) have different hydrogen pumping capability. The concentration of carbon monoxide in gas is calculated based on the difference of current which flows between two pairs of electrodes, when voltage is applied to electrodes.    USE - Used to calculate concentration of carbon monoxide in solid polymer fuel cell system used in vehicles and domestic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - Measures carbon monoxide concentration continuously without any leakage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    proton conduction layer (1)    first and third electrode (3,7)    second and forth electrode (5, 9)
NOVELTY - Multiple P-type electroconductive crystalline- silicon grains (3) are spread on a electrode substrate (1). An insulating layer (2) interposes between the silicon grains (3), by touching a protective layer (6) formed at the surface of each silicon grain. An electroconductive semiconductor layer (4) is provided on the surface of the grains.    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The provision of protective layer on the surface of grains, reduces recombination between the grains and insulating layer. Hence conversion efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of photoelectric conversion apparatus.    electrode substrate (1)    insulating layer (2)    P-type electroconductive crystalline-silicon grains (3)    electroconductive semiconductor layer (4)    upper electrode film (5)    protective layer (6)
NOVELTY - The transparent electrically conductive raw material received from a raw material supplier (41), is mixed with gas output from an air compressor (42) and provided on surface of substrate (1) through nozzle (4). The surface of the substrate is maintained at uniform temperature by heating the substrate by a heater (3).    USE - For manufacturing transparent electrically conductive film used for electrode of solar cell and display device of laptop computers, mobile telephone and plasma display panels.    ADVANTAGE - Transparent electrically conductive film having excellent quality is obtained by maintaining uniform temperature of the substrate. The heat conduction of board is increased, thus the manufacturing time and cost are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the transparent electrical conductive film preparation apparatus.    Substrate (1)    Substrate retainer (2)    Heater (3)    Nozzle (4)    Raw material solution (10)    Raw material supplier (41)    Air compressor (42)
NOVELTY - A transparent electroconductive film (10) is formed on the surface of a substrate (1) heated by a heater (3). A coolant (20) from coolant supply unit (51) is passed to the substrate through a spray gun (5) for cooling the substrate.    USE - Used for manufacturing a transparent electrically conductive film used for electrodes of solar cells and display devices of laptop computers, mobile telephones and plasma display panels.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling time of the substrate is reduced, and the manufacturing time and cost of the conductive film are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the transparent electrically conductive film forming apparatus.    Glass substrate (1)    Substrate retainer (2)    Heater (3)    Spray gun (5)    Transparent electrically conductive film (10)    Coolant (20)    Coolant supply unit (51)    Air compressor (52)
NOVELTY - An electrode (3), light reception layer (4), hole carrying layer (5) and another electrode (6) are sequentially formed on a substrate (2). A barrier layer (8) is formed on upper surface of electrode (3) by metal organic deposition, for preventing or suppressing short circuit between the electrode (3) and the hole carrying layer.    USE - Solar cell used in satellite, industrial applications and in domestic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell is improved and it is manufactured easily at low cost. The short circuit between electrode and hole carrying layer is effectively prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fragmentary sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (2)    electrodes (3,6)    light reception layer (4)    carrying layer (5)    barrier layer (8)
NOVELTY - The sheet (1) for sealing the solar cell (4) uses an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer resin sheet formed with emboss pattern of depth 10 mm or more whose compression rate in 65degreesC is 10% or more. The EVA resin sheet contains organic peroxide, silane coupling agent and the necessary stabilizer.    USE - For sealing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Even if temperature variations occur, stress given to a solar battery element for cushioning, is reduced by an outstanding effect, thereby avoiding crack generation in solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the sheet for sealing application.    sheet (1)    solar cell (4)
NOVELTY - A thin film (203) of crystalline silicon is formed on a substrate (201) through an oxide layer (202) containing IVB group element. One of the crystalline axes of oxide layer, and the thin film layer are arranged in vertical direction with respect to the substrate surface.    USE - Laminated structure of thin-film polycrystalline solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A thin film of silicon having finely oriented crystalline structure, is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the laminated structure.    substrate (201)    oxide layer (202)    thin film (203)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (20) supplies power to a load through an inverter (50). The nitrogen supply devices (51-53) supply nitrogen gas to the anode, when the inverter trips.    USE - For controlling differential pressure fuel cell power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the pressure drop in the anode when the inverter trips, since nitrogen supply devices supply the nitrogen gas to the anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the battery differential pressure control device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (20)    inverter (50)    nitrogen supply devices (51-53)
NOVELTY - Catalytic heat exchanger comprises a stack of communicating cooling membrane portions; first and second tank portions communicated with first and second ends of the cooling membranes; respective cavities between the cooling membrane portions, so that a first gas flows through the cavities; fins in the cavities, that support a catalyst; and an air flow path to supply a second gas to the cavities.    USE - As catalytic heat exchanger, preferably for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel heat exchanger contains a catalyst that reduces the concentration of unfavorable carbon monoxide to a trouble-free level, with a less complex device and a thus simplified construction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalytic heat exchanger comprises a stack of communicating cooling membrane portions (25,27) for circulation of cooling water; first tank portions communicated with first ends of the cooling membranes and with each other; second tank portions communicated with second ends of the cooling membranes and with each other; respective cavities (41) held between the cooling membrane portions, so that a first gas flows through the cavities; fins (37) in the cavities, and which support a catalyst; and an air flow path in communication with the cavities to supply a second gas to the cavities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a catalytic heat exchanger, as above.    cooling membrane (25,27)    sheet (29,31,35)    fins (37)    cavities (41)
NOVELTY - Fuel battery apparatus comprises oxygen electrode, fuel electrode, and electrolytes sandwiched between. A by-pass circuit is provided for the current connecting to the electrolyte when the output voltage of the latter is lower than a first certain value.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The product has improved performance after long term use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a similar battery which has a variable resistance which can be reduced when the output voltage is lower than certain values;    (2) a method of controlling fuel batteries by measuring initial output voltage and increasing the load when the voltage is lower than certain values;    (3) a similar method in which oxygen or air supply is reduced or cut off when the voltage is lower than certain values;    (4) a fuel battery device comprising a fuel battery (11) and a controlling device (13);    (5) a method of controlling fuel batteries comprising means of supervising voltage output or internal resistance, and ion controlling means for controlling current corresponding to voltage change;    (6) a similar method in which ion or current is increased when internal resistance is increased;    (7) a fuel battery apparatus comprising supervising means, and current controlling means using the above methods; and    (8) a fuel battery apparatus which further comprises an air supply controlling means using the above methods.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the product. (Drawing contains non-English language text).    Hydrogen supplier (12)    Fuel battery main body (11)    Control unit (13)    Load control section (14)    Load device (15)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises: reformer (6) that produces reformate gas containing hydrogen using gas containing oxygen and raw material vapor; fuel cell (9) that generates power; load device that consumes power generated by fuel cell; reformer temperature maintenance system that keeps reformer warm; and controller (21) to determine whether excess hydrogen is produced.    USE - For use as fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The system keeps the reformer warm, and rapidly generates hydrogen-rich reformate gas when the load increases and hydrogen-rich reformate gas is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system comprises: reformer (6) that produces reformate gas containing hydrogen using gas containing oxygen and raw material vapor; fuel cell (9) that generates power by causing hydrogen in reformate gas to react with oxygen; load device that consumes power generated by fuel cell; reformer temperature maintenance system that keeps reformer warm; and controller (21) to determine whether excess hydrogen is produced.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of controlling fuel cell system comprising; determining whether excess hydrogen is produced by the reformer; and burning the excess hydrogen to keep the reformer warm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a fuel cell system.    Reformer (6)    Fuel cell (9)    Temperature controller (13)    Controller (21)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is made by selecting a provisional substrate and forming a semiconductor device structure. The device structure is separated into individual units by using a physical or chemical process. A permanence substrate is selected, and the semiconductor device is attached to the permanence substrate. The provisional substrate attached to another side of the device is removed, and the device is formed on the permanence substrate.    USE - Used for making a semiconductor device, e.g. optical device, optical-electronic device (including LED, semiconductor layers, solar battery cells or photodetector) or electronic devices (including transistor, mono-polar, bipolar device, diode, or microwave device).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacture can simplify the processes, thus increasing the yield and reducing the cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagram of the manufacture of a semiconductor device.
NOVELTY - A fine-crystal silicon layer (6) is interposed between semiconductor p-layer (7) and i-layer (5). The concentration of impurity for which band gap of amorphous-silicon component is made to increase, that is doped in the silicon layer, is increased more than 1 x 10 to the power 20 atom/cm cubed, to reduce crystal fraction of the silicon layer.    USE - Thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a thin-film solar cell.    Substrate (1)    Metal electrode layer (2)    Reflective layer (3)    n-layer (4)    i-layer (5)    Fine-crystal silicon layer (6)    p-layer (7)    Transparent electrode layer (8)
NOVELTY - A groove (2) is formed on the surface of a polycrystalline silicon substrate (1) by irradiating the surface with laser light. The chemical etching of surface is selectively performed, to form corrugated surface on the substrate.    USE - For forming corrugated structure on polycrystalline silicon substrate, for manufacturing solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Corrugated structure of high quality is formed at reduced cost by irradiating semiconductor surface with laser. Hence photoelectric conversion efficiency and reflection rate of the solar cell are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of a polycrystalline silicon substrate with corrugated surface.    Silicon substrate (1)    U-shaped groove (2)    Flat portion (3)    V-shaped recess (4)    Surfaces (A, B)
NOVELTY - Transparent electrically conductive film (42), oxide semiconductor layer (43) absorbing pigment on the conductive film, p-type photoelectric conversion layer (44) having impurity density lower than the P-type photoelectric conversion layer (45), P-type photoelectric conversion layer (45) and counter-electrode (46) are laminated in order.    USE - Pigment sensitizing type photoelectric conversion apparatus for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Utilizes sunlight effectively, increases short circuit current density and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency by providing two P-type photoelectric conversion layers. Prevents the chance of liquid spill by eliminating liquid electrolyte layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for pigment sensitizing type photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of a pigment sensitizing type photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Transparent support (41)    Transparent electrically conductive film (42)    Oxide semiconductor layer (43)    Photoelectric conversion layers (44, 45)    Counter-electrode (46)    Support (47)    Pigment (48)    Electroconductive support (51)    Counter-electrode side support (52)
NOVELTY - A lamination precursor (4) consisting of an indium layer (42) and a copper-gallium alloy layer (41), is formed on the reverse side electrode of the solar cell, in the atmosphere of sputtering gas and oxygen and heated in selenium atmosphere.    USE - For forming light absorption layer for thin-film compound semiconductor solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming indium layer with dense composition easily in the atmosphere of sputtering gas and oxygen. Exhibits good energy conversion efficiency and prevents leakage of photoelectric current and deterioration of battery property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the production of the light absorption layer on the molybdenum electrode layer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Soda lime glass substrate (1)    Molybdenum electrode layer (2)    Lamination precursor (4)    Light absorption layer (5)    Copper-gallium alloy layer (41)    Indium layer (42)
NOVELTY - The bottom cell of the anti-irradiation side which has low refractive index layer, consists of a p-type silicon oxide semiconductor layer (5).    USE - Multi-junction-type thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Highly efficient thin-film solar cell is manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for multi-junction-type thin-film solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a multi-junction-type thin-film solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (1)    p-type silicon oxide semiconductor layer (5)    n-type silicon oxide semiconductor layer (7)    i-type silicon layer (8)    Transparent electrode layer (11)
NOVELTY - The photoelectric-converter forms n-type and p- type layers. The n-type layer has zinc oxide needle crystal (13) and p-type layer has copper oxide (14). The crystal (13) is connected to continuous film of n-type oxide semiconductor (31) having zinc oxide or tin oxide, and mean diameter is 300 nm.    USE - For single crystal silicon solar cell, polycrystalline silicon solar cell and amorphous silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The recombination loss within a light absorption layer is decreased by a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a photoelectric conversion apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Board (11)    Transparent electrode (12)    Zinc oxide needle crystal (13)    Copper oxide layer (14)    N-type oxide semiconductor layer (31)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generating agent is supplied to a supply chamber (57) from a feed pipe (58) which protrudes to lower portion of a housing (51). A catalyst layer (61) placed at the top of the chamber is contacted to generate hydrogen gas. The solution with reaction product is overflowed through an emission hole (64). The generated gas is released through a hydrogen gas discharge pipe (68).    USE - For generating hydrogen gas used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas is generated efficiently using simple arrangement.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen gas generating reactor.    housing (51)    supply chamber (57)    feed pipe (58)    catalyst layer (61)    emission hole (64)    discharge pipe (68)
NOVELTY - Thin films (1, 3) made of high refractive index material are formed on both sides of a metal thin film (2).    USE - Used for a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The resistance of the transparent electrode is reduced and the cost of the solar cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the transparent electrode.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thin films made of high refractive index material (1, 3)    Metal thin film (2)    Transparent electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A solar cell has a transparent electrode layer, an electrode protective layer and a reflection prevention layer, each containing a fluorescent material such as an organic fluorescent substance, an organometallic compound or an inorganic fluorescent material.    USE - Used for a solar cell, e.g. an organic thin film solar cell such as a crystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CDS)/cadmium tellurium (CdTe) solar cell or a pigment sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion layer (30) formed between a pair of transparent conductive layers (2, 7) has a porous electric charge carrying layer (5) with a porous metal oxide semiconductor layer (3) having pigments (4). The refractive indices of the transparent conductive layers w.r.t light of wavelength 550 nm are less than 2.00 and more than 1.75, respectively.    USE - Used as a pigment sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - By setting suitable refractive indices for the transparent conductive layers, the loss of permeated light without being absorbed is prevented, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the pigment sensitizing solar cell.    Base materials (1, 8)    Transparent conductive layers (2, 7)    Porous metal oxide semiconductor layer (3)    Pigment (4)    Electric charge carrying layer (5)    Electroconductive catalyst layer (6)    Pigment sensitizing solar cell (10)    Photoelectric conversion layer (30)
NOVELTY - An electric charge carrying layer (23) of n-type is formed by the electrodeposition of an electrolyte liquid containing zinc ions and multiple types of semiconductor oxides such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide and tin oxide.    USE - Used for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion apparatus for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus performs the smooth transfer of electrons, thereby providing high conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the photoelectric conversion apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Needle crystals (12, 15)    Oxide semiconductor micro-particles (13)    Mixed semiconductor crystal layer (21)    Substrate (22)    Electric charge carrying layer (23)    Cathode (24)
NOVELTY - Two magnetron magnetic circuits (13) are arranged at the back of a cathode (11) on which a target material (12) is installed. A thin film is formed by moving a substrate (19) to position opposing the cathode and sputtering the target material on the substrate. The magnetic circuits generate two magnetron plasmas (17) which have closed loop, respectively.    USE - For forming transparent electrically conductive film on substrate for manufacture of solar cell or flat panel display such as LCD or plasma display used in notebook personal computer or desktop.    ADVANTAGE - By increasing the number of magnetron magnetic circuits, the manufacturing cost is reduced and the productivity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for transparent electrically conductive film forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline diagram of a film forming apparatus.    Preparation chamber (1)    Sputter chamber (2)    Partition valve (3)    Cathode (11)    Target material (12)    Magnetic circuits (13)    Magnetron plasma (17)    Substrate (19)
NOVELTY - A transparent thin conductive film formed on a transparent substrate, has indium oxide as the main component and an element selected from indium, nickel, germanium and/or hafnium. The atomic ratio of tin/indium is 0.03-0.14. The atomic ratio of Me (3rd element) chosen from the elements and indium is 0.01-0.13.    USE - Used for solar cells, liquid crystal display elements and electroluminescence.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent thin conduction film having high electroconductivity and transmittance provides various liquid crystal display elements at less cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the manufacture of a transparent thin conduction film; and    (2) a sputtering target.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a container (2) provided with steel balls for grinding the graphite material stored in the container. A hydrogen cylinder (5) arranged outside the container, supplies hydrogen to the container, for making the graphite material to occlude hydrogen. Hydrogen is supplied continuously, during absorption of hydrogen by graphite material.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen-storage material used in vehicle-mounted fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enables continuous absorption of hydrogen, by supplying hydrogen from the external hydrogen cylinder. Hydrogen is absorbed by graphite, in a short time, until the hydrogen- absorption quantity of graphite, reaches a saturated state. Eliminates the need to dry the hydrogen gas, during absorption operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front elevation of the hydrogen-storage material manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    container (2)    pipe (3)    valve (4)    hydrogen cylinder (5)    vibration table (6)    rod (7)    pressure sensor (9)
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises metal platinum and a cerium dioxide, a zirconium dioxide and/or titanium dioxide as main components. The atomic ratio of cerium with respect to zirconium and titanium is in the range of 0.1-10.    USE - For methanol modified water vapor reaction for producing hydrogen containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has excellent heat-resisting property, highly selective property, and high activity, and is used in methanol modified water vapor reaction for producing reformed gas which has hydrogen as main constituent, and hydrogen containing gas which is more advantageous is manufactured industrially. The carbon monoxide concentration in reformed gas is also reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of hydrogen containing gas.
NOVELTY - The internal mold plates (24,34) of respective plug (2) and receptacle (3) equipped in housing, covers portion extending from the edge of cable insulator (12c) to base end of male terminal (21) and portion extending from the insulator edge to housing base end. The external mold plates of plug and receptacle are interfitted, for connection between terminal and receptacle.    USE - For connection of solar cell module wiring of solar panel system used in domestic and business applications.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to maintain the flexibility of the external plate and efficiently interfits the external plates of plug and receptacle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the waterproof connector.    plug (2)    receptacle (3)    cable insulator (12c)    male terminal (21)    internal mold plates (24,34)
NOVELTY - Nanocrystalline layer is grown on a continuous, elongate, heated catalytic substrate using chemical vapor deposition, to form a coated substrate.    USE - For hydrogen storage devices in new energy sources, including next generation fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The layer growth also includes: movement of the substrate through one or more deposition chambers, the substrate being heated by passing an electric current through it.    AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: an apparatus which comprises:    (a) a reactor (1) with at least one deposition chamber (3),    (b) a supply device to supply gases to the deposition chamber,    (c) a support to transfer the substrate wire (15) through the chamber,    (d) at least two electrodes (5,12) to supply the heating current to the wire substrate, and    (e) a removal device (11) to remove the deposited nanocarbon layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the apparatus to produce carbon nanotubes.    reactor (1)    deposition chamber (3)    electrodes (5,12)    removal device (11)    substrate wire (15)
NOVELTY - Catalyst system comprises first catalyst bed (7) in fluid communication with reactant feed. First catalyst bed comprises first catalyst that catalyzes oxygen-consuming reaction in reactant feed and removes oxygen from reactant feed before the feed exits catalyst bed. Second catalyst bed receives the feed and comprises oxygen-sensitive catalyst that promotes hydrogen-producing reaction in reactant feed.    USE - For small or mobile steam reformers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an effective and inexpensive remedy for the problem of inactivation of reduced catalysts used in steam reforming and water gas shift reactions (collectively, reducing reforming, and shift, or RRS (sic), catalysts). The remedy lessens the degree of oxygen poisoning.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing a hydrogen-containing reformate from a reactant feed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration of a fuel processing system of the invention.    First catalyst bed (7)    Housing (14)    Steam reforming module (21)    Oxidation catalyst (23)    Water gas shift module (31)    Oxidizing catalyst bed (33)
NOVELTY - Solar cell unit is made by applying a layer of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) onto a temporary substrate, applying a photovoltaic layer onto the TCO layer, applying a back electrode layer and a permanent carrier, providing an etch resist on the substrate in a pattern to form a current collection grid after removal of the portion of the substrate which is not covered with etch resist, and selectively removing the substrate.    USE - The method is used for manufacturing a solar cell unit (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a solar cell unit with a current collection grid having a good conductivity and a good adherence to the TCO layer, and which can be obtained in a simple and well-controlled process which does not result in damaging the properties of the solar cell foil, particularly the TCO layer. The grid has an attractive cross-sectional shape. Due to the small width of the grid, the surface area covered by the grid is low, leading to a higher energy yield; and the high height of the grid ensures that the current connecting properties of the grid are still good.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of a solar cell unit (2) involves providing an etchable conductive temporary substrate, applying a layer of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) onto the temporary substrate, applying a photovoltaic layer onto the TCO layer, applying a back electrode layer, applying a permanent carrier, providing an etch resist on the temporary substrate in a pattern to form a current collection grid (1) after removal of the portion of the temporary substrate which is not covered with etch resist, and selectively removing the temporary substrate where it is not covered with etch resist.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the grid obtained by the inventive process.    Grid (1)    Solar cell unit (2)
NOVELTY - Rubber composition comprises an ethylene-alpha-olefin/unconjugated polylene copolymer, an organopolysiloxane, a Si-H containing compound, optionally a catalyst and a reaction inhibitor.    USE - For preparing fuel cell sealants, hard-disk drive top cover gasket or wire connector sealant.    ADVANTAGE - Has good acid, heat and pressure resistance and can be liquid injected molded.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Rubber composition comprises:    (a) an ethylene-alpha-olefin/unconjugated polylene copolymer;    (b) an organopolysiloxane of formula (R1)tSiOq;    (c) a Si-H containing compound; and optionally    (d) a catalyst; and    (e) a reaction inhibitor.    The weight ratio of (a):(b) = 100/0-5/95.    R1 = optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;    t = 1.9-2.1;    q = (4-t)/2.
NOVELTY - An aqueous alkali solution and aqueous alkali solution containing meta-borate are introduced into anode and cathode chambers (3,2) equipped with anode (7) and cathode (5) respectively. A voltage is applied between the anode and cathode containing material of hydrogen over voltage of 0.3 V or more, the meta-borate in the aqueous alkali solution is electrolytically reduced to produce the potassium-borohydride compound.    USE - For manufacture of potassium-borohydride compound used for hydrogen storage for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method efficiently produces potassium-borohydride compound at reduced energy. The method is simple and inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An aqueous alkali solution and aqueous alkali solution containing meta-borate are introduced into anode and cathode chambers equipped with anode and cathode respectively. The chambers are separated by an ion-exchange membrane (4). A voltage is applied between the anode and cathode containing material of hydrogen over voltage of 0.3 V or more, the meta-borate in the aqueous alkali solution is electrolytically reduced to produce the potassium-borohydride compound.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing apparatus of potassium-borohydride compound (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of potassium-borohydride compound. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    manufacturing apparatus of potassium-borohydride compound (1)    cathode chamber (2)    anode chamber (3)    ion exchange membrane (4)    cathode (5)    anode (7)
NOVELTY - The ratio of gasoline and water supplied to an evaporator (1) is set constant, when requirement of hydrogen rich gas produced by a modifier (2) is in steady state. When hydrogen rich gas requirement is increased, the value of a predefined multiplication coefficient defined with respect to the set ratio, is increased.    USE - For reforming original fuel containing hydrocarbons such as methanol and gasoline, to hydrogen rich heating gas, for use by fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of soot in the modifier, and hence improves durability of the fuel reforming system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporator (1)    modifier (2)
NOVELTY - A hole carrying layer (4), a dye layer (D) and an electron carrying layer (5) are formed in order between electrodes (3, 6). The electron carrying layer containing a hole transportation material is formed by applying a solution of substance which suppresses crystal size increase when the hole transportation material crystallizes and binder in a solvent on the dye layer. The electron carrying layer is in contact with the catalyst layer of the electrode (6).    USE - Used for solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacture of an optoelectric transducer is easy and inexpensive, and produces an optoelectric transducer with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. The degradation of the optoelectric transducer is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (1A)    Board (2)    Electrodes (3, 6)    Electron carrying layer (4)    Hole carrying layer (5)    Dye layer (D)
NOVELTY - An electron carrying layer (4), a dye layer (D) and a hole carrying layer (5) are formed sequentially between electrodes (3, 6). A catalyst layer on one of the electrodes (6) is in contact with the hole carrying layer containing a plastic binder.    USE - Used for manufacture of an optoelectric transducer as a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer is inexpensive and produced easily and has good photoelectric conversion efficiency. Degradation of the optoelectric transducer is minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fragmentary sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    Board (2)    Electrodes (3, 6)    Electron carrying layer (4)    Hole carrying layer (5)    Barrier layer (8)    Dye layer (D)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer has an electrode (3) and a further electrode (6) which has a catalyst layer on the surface. An electron carrying layer (4), a dye layer (D), and a hole carrying layer (5) are formed between two electrodes. The hole carrying layer is in contact with the catalyst layer and contains a hole transportation material, a substance which reduces an increase in crystal size when the hole transportation material crystallizes and a binder.    USE - Used for solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer is produced easily and inexpensively, and has good photoelectric conversion efficiency. Degradation of the optoelectric transducer is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    Board (2)    Electrodes (3, 6)    Electron carrying layer (4)    Hole carrying layer (5)    Dye layer (D)
NOVELTY - A solar cell module has a corrugated back cover (7) which is made of two or more resin layers mixed with white pigment containing silica, a weather-resistant layer containing a dielectric material, and silicon oxide inter-layers.    USE - Used as a solar cell module used in solar power generation systems for residences.    ADVANTAGE - The module improves the solar power generation efficiency and provides good damp proofing, by increasing the scattering reflective effect of light, as the back cover of the module is corrugated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (1)    Glass material (2)    Front cover (3)    Back cover (4)    Incident light (5)
NOVELTY - A porous silicon layer (13) is formed on the light receiving surface side of a silicon substrate having a pn junction. Subsequently, a material containing a silicon compound (14) is applied, dried and bake-processed to form a silicon oxide film (15), and a solar cell is obtained.    USE - Used for manufacturing a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A solar cell with good passivation effect or reflection prevention effect is obtained inexpensively at low temperature with high productive efficiency. Manufacture is simple and the utilization efficiency of the film material is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a process drawing showing the manufacture of a solar cell.    p layer (11)    n layer (12)    Porous silicon layer (13)    Silicon compound (14)    Silicon oxide film (15)
NOVELTY - A barrier layer (4) is formed between a semiconductor layer (3) and an active layer (5) which are formed on a board (1), to prevent diffusion of a conductivity type determination element from the semiconductor layer to the active layer.    USE - Used as a thin film optoelectric transducer, such as a thin film polycrystal silicon solar cell or an amorphous silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The barrier layer prevents the diffusion of the conductive type detection material from the semiconductor layer to the active layer, improving the boundary surface characteristics between the semiconductor and active layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film optoelectric transducer manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the thin film optoelectric transducer.    Board (1)    Oxide layer (2)    Conductivity type semiconductor layer (3)    Barrier (4)    Active layer (5)    Reverse conductivity type semiconductor layer (6)    Oxide layer (7)    Electrode layer (8)    Extraction electrode (9)
NOVELTY - A substrate (11) having a hole (12) connected to a gas-flow emmenagogic path (13), is immersed in melted solution of semiconductor, to form a crystal sheet. The silicon sheet is peeled from the substrate by passing inert gas through the hole.    USE - For manufacturing silicon sheet used in solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Silicon sheet of high yield and low cost is obtained and hence cheap solar cells are obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacturing method of silicon sheet;    (2) silicon sheet; and    (3) solar cell using the silicon sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of manufacturing apparatus of silicon sheet with the gas flow emmenagogic path. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (11)    hole (12)    gas-flow emmenagogic path (13)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon gas (1) is passed through metallic cathode pipe (2). The gas is ionized by thermal decomposition and hydrogen (10) is discharged through anode (6) and carbon is discharged around cathode (3).    USE - For generating hydrogen gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is separated easily and inexpensively using a simple apparatus from hydrocarbon gas without generation of carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used for the dissociation of hydrocarbon gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrocarbon gas (1)    metallic cathode pipe (2)    cathode (3)    anodes (6)    hydrogen (10)
NOVELTY - A concentration detector (10) in a desulfurizer (3), detects the sulfur component concentration in fuel. The exchange state of the desulfurizer is detected based on the detected sulfur component concentration and fuel usage amount    USE - Fuel reformer.    ADVANTAGE - Since the desulfurizer exchange state is detected based on the sulfur concentrated in fuel and fuel usage amount, the desulfurizer exchange state detection is inexpensively and correctly performed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reformer.    desulfurizer (3)    concentration detector (10)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide concentration measuring device supplies gas fuel at high temperature say 70degreesC or more at the starting stage, to the gas cell (2).    USE - For measuring concentration of carbon monoxide used in the fuel reforming system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The saturated vapor pressure falls low and inner wall of gas cell, is warmed during starting of measuring device, hence effective measuring of concentration of carbon monoxide is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reforming system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the carbon monoxide concentration measuring device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon monoxide concentration measuring device (1)    gas cell (2)    measurement unit (3)    high temperature gas supply unit (4)
NOVELTY - Steam generated by a heat exchanger (8) heated by a heater (9), is modified by a modifier (3) heated by a combustor (4) which generates a hydrogen content gas for a fuel cell (6). The amount of steam generation in the heat exchanger, is increased before increasing the supply amount of original heating gas to the modifier, for increasing hydrogen content gas generation amount.    USE - For generating hydrogen containing gas used for fuel cell for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to efficiently increase the hydrogen content gas generation amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen containing gas generation equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of a hydrogen content gas generation equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (3)    combustor (4)    heat exchanger(9) heater (8)    fuel cell (G)    hydrogen content gas generation equipment (P)
NOVELTY - The fuel modification catalyst has a monolithic support having through-holes (2) which penetrate wall portion (1). The inner surface of each through-hole is adhered with attachments (3) which form pores, and contain a modification catalyst. A heating gas is circulated through the through-holes.    USE - For generating hydrogen rich gas for fuel cells used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modification catalyst favorably promotes hydrogen conversion, and restrains generation of by-products such as carbon monoxide. The fuel cell containing the modification catalyst when used in motor vehicles reduces the size and weight of the vehicles. The modification catalyst improves modification reaction and energy efficiency. The catalyst containing fine pores, has high fuel conversion ratio without raising pressure loss, and selectivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-section of wall portion of monolith type support of modification catalyst.    wall portion (1)    through-holes (2)    attachments (3)
NOVELTY - The catalyst consists of columbite type structural metal oxide.    USE - For electrode (claimed) used in fuel cell, air battery, and oxygen sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst provides high performance, and resource and economical efficiency. The metal oxide has oxidation capability and oxygen reduction capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of an air electrode using the catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A structure having a curved surface shape has a surface layer formed by catalyst chemical vapor deposition on a substrate (21) having a curved shape surface.    USE - Used as various functional structure materials and the surface layer is used as a solar cell if used as a roof material, outer wall material of the moving components such as motor vehicle, vessel, aircraft, vehicle, and construction structure.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is used as various functional structural material sand is eco-friendly. The structure is manufactured easily, with high yield. The structure has a uniform surface layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate or a portion of the substrate has aluminum or iron as the main component.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a manufacturing apparatus for the structure having a curved surface shape; and    (2) the manufacture of a structure having a curved surface shape.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the example of a separate reaction tank.    Substrate (21)
NOVELTY - Several predetermined patterns of a conductive adhesive (14) are formed on series/parallel connected solar cells (1). The internal lead wires (12) are attached to the adhesive patterns and the solar cells are sealed using adhesive resin (4) to the protective structures (2,3) by simultaneously heating the conductive adhesive and adhesive resin.    USE - For connecting thin film solar cell and internal lead wire of solar cell module attached to roof, and window of residential building.    ADVANTAGE - The internal lead wires and the solar cells are effectively connected the simultaneous heating of the adhesive resin and the conductive adhesive resin reduces the operational cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the side sectional view of the solar cell module manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar cells (1)    protective structures (2,3)    adhesive resin (4)    internal lead wires (12)    conductive adhesive (14)
NOVELTY - The outer layer is a completely fluorinated, high melting fluoropolymer. Its outer surface forms the front. Its inner surface is intimately bonded with and carries a thin glass layer. A front intermediate layer of a fluoropolymer is bonded to the glass. The active layer includes solar cells with connected electric leads. The back layer forms an outer surface of the module.    USE - A laminar photovoltaic module with good outdoor performance.    ADVANTAGE - The new design results in improved long term stability. The effect of ultraviolet light is especially minimized. A wide range of fluoropolymers (listed) is highly transparent, especially in the UV. They do not yellow with age. They have a low refractive index. PTFE is not readily wetted and is anti-adherent e.g. to dirt. The perfluorinated monomers are non-flammable and extremely weather resistant. They resist corrosion and solvents. They absorb virtually no water and have good electrical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The outer layer is a completely fluorinated, high melting fluoropolymer. Its outer surface (22) forms the front. Its inner surface (24) is intimately bonded with and carries a thin glass layer (36). A front intermediate layer (28) of a fluoropolymer is bonded to the glass. The active layer (30) includes solar cells (32) with connected electric leads (41). The back layer forms an outer surface (38) of the module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagrams show cross-sections of the laminar structure before and after bonding.    Outer surface (22)    Inner surface (24)    Intermediate layer (28)    Active layer (30)    Solar cells (32)    Thin glass layer (36)    Outer surface (38)    Lead (41)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for oxidation or reduction reactions comprises platinum, zinc, and nickel and/or iron.    USE - Used for oxidation or reduction reactions, fuel cell electrodes for fuel cells used in automobiles and small-scale residential power generation, and other catalytic structures.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst decreases the concentration of noble metals (especially platinum) to reduce the cost of an electrocatalyst, achieves the most activity per weight percent of noble metals without compromising the life cycle of the fuel cell, and improves corrosion resistance and/or activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a supported electrocatalyst powder for use in an electrochemical reactor device, comprising the above catalyst and electrically conductive support particles upon which the catalyst is dispersed;    (b) a fuel cell electrode comprising electrocatalyst particles and an electrode substrate, anode (2), cathode (3), and a proton exchange membrane (1); and    (c) the electrochemical conversion of a hydrogen-containing fuel and oxygen to reaction products and electricity in the fuel cell, comprising contacting the hydrogen-containing fuel or oxygen and the above catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic structural view showing members of a fuel cell.    Proton exchange membrane (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Current collectors (4, 5)
NOVELTY - A substrate is made to contact with silicon melt to grow a crystal of plate-shaped silicon (11) on the substrate. A through hole (13A) or cutout portion is formed in the plate-shaped silicon.    USE - Manufacturing plate-shaped silicon (claimed) used in solar cell (claimed) and solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The plate-shaped silicon is manufactured at low cost with improved efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) substrate for manufacturing plate-shaped silicon;    (2) plate-shaped silicon;    (3) solar cell; and    (4) solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the sections of the plate-shaped silicon.    Plate-shaped silicon (11)    Through hole (13A)
NOVELTY - Providing improved fuel cell electrode structures, assemblies and systems, whereby the pores have defined inner pore surfaces having conformal electrically conductive layer.    USE - For use with fuel cell system (claimed), e.g. hydrogen or direct hydrocarbon fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a conformal electrically conductive layer having thickness of 50-2500 Angstrom, and has an electrical resistivity of 2-1000muohm-cm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrode structure comprises substrate (210) having discrete porous region(s) (220) disposed across a top surface (230) of the substrate. The discrete porous regions are defined by, pores that extend through the substrate. The pores define inner pore surfaces having conformal electrically conductive layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for making electrode structure for use with fuel cell system comprising introducing into reaction chamber of atomic layer deposition (ALD) device a substrate having discrete porous bulk matrix regions disposed across top surface of the substrate, and sequentially introducing into the reaction chamber precursor(s) followed by purge gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a top plan view of an electrode structure having acicular pores.    Substrate (210)    Discrete porous region(s) (220)    Top surface (230)    Acicular pores (240)
NOVELTY - An alkali hydride is synthesized by adding carbon to an alkali metal to form an alkali-carbon compound of the metal, and then exposing the alkali-carbon compound to a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at 25-600 degreesC and 1-100 atmospheres pressure.    USE - The alkali hydride is used for storing hydrogen in various applications, e.g. in a hydrogen fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method is cost effective, and achieves high hydrogen storage capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for storing hydrogen comprising exposing a solid sorbent comprising an alkali metal/carbon-based material to a hydrogen atmosphere at 25-700 degreesC under 0.1-100 atmospheres pressure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows Low-Content Temperature-Programmed-Reduction spectra of lithium/graphite mixture and pure lithium.
NOVELTY - A catalytic reactor has a catalyst support structure with small cross sectional area passages for flow of reacting substances, with the catalytic material attached to internal surfaces (2) of the passages and interfacing with the substances. The contact areas between the catalytic material and the substances are subjected to intentionally generated mechanical vibratory motions.    USE - As catalytic reactor, e.g. fuel cell, automotive catalytic converter, metal-air battery, or fuel reformer, for use in the intensification of reactions between specified reacting substances.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the relatively small dimensions of the passages and the high rigidity of the catalyst supporting structures, the flow-to-wall friction reduction is easier to attain by application of very high frequency, i.e. ultrasonic, vibrations.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows waves traveling along the walls of a tubular catalytic reactor, as above.    Internal surfaces (2)
NOVELTY - A method for selectively removing carbon monoxide contained in reformate gas rich in hydrogen is provided, to lower the cost by using cheap natural manganese ore as a support.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the step of reacting the reformate gas whose ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is 30-250 by mol with oxygen having 0.5-6.0 molar ratio to the carbon monoxide contained in the reformate gas in a reaction region containing a selective oxidation catalyst with a reformate gas space velocity of 1,000-100,000 hr-1 and at a temperature of 80-300 degrees C, wherein the selective oxidation catalyst is prepared by dipping at least one noble gas selected from the group consisting of Au, Rh, Pt, Ir and Ru on a natural manganese ore support and the content of the noble gas is 0.1-7 wt% of based on the weight of the support.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing a propelling battery for a underwater propellent is provided, to improve the conductivity by minimizing the thickness of positive and negative plates and preventing the oxidation of the plates and to prevent the damage or deformation of the plates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of forming a silver sheet by using Ag powder; coating carboxymethyl cellulose on the silver sheet by a thickness of 0.01-0.03 mm, adhering a silver foil, and sintering it for improving the strength; welding a silver contact terminal to the sintered sheet and fixing it; weighing the sintered sheet; dipping the sheet with an electrode into a KOH solution for 2-5 hours to impart the electrical property to the sheet; flowing a constant current to the sheet through the terminal for 15-20 hours to transform it; washing the sheet to remove KOH; drying the sheet; re-weighing the sheet and selecting the sheet based on the weight difference; cutting and removing the contact terminal from the sheet to form a positive electrode plate; pressing the positive electrode plate and storing it in a constant temperature and constant moisture oven to prepare a positive electrode plate; melting an alloy of Al, Mg, Sn and Ga in a vacuum furnace; casting the molten alloy into slave; polishing the surface of the slave and removing the impurities; heating the polished alloy plate to stabilize and homogenize the structure; hot and cold rolling the heated alloy plate; plating copper on the one surface of the rolled alloy plate; adhering a space tap to the other side of the alloy plate and fix it to form a negative electrode plate; adhering the negative electrode plate to a distribution plate to prepare a negative electrode plate; adhering the positive electrode plate to the distribution plate to form a unit cell; and layering a plurality of the unit cells to form a cell stack.
NOVELTY - Shift reaction catalyst (2A) is heated or cooled with a medium (21) which contacts the catalyst through heat-transfer wall, to control the catalyst temperature, while performing shift reaction which converts carbon monoxide and water to carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst. The temperature of catalyst in outlet vicinity of gas formed by shift reaction is maintained at 200-250 degrees C.    USE - For fuel cell electric-power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents electrolyte of a fuel cell from poisoning. A carbon monoxide concentration measurement unit is avoided and hence the initial cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Thermostat of the shift reaction catalyst; and    (2) Fuel cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of fuel-cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst (2A)    Control portion (2B)    Thermostat (6)    Medium (21)    Piping (22)
NOVELTY - The stainless steel line contains carbon (in mass %) (0.01-0.25), nitrogen (0.01-0.25), manganese (0.5-4), chromium (16-20), nickel (8-14) and remaining of iron and impurities. The total amount of carbon and nitrogen is 0.15-0.35 mass%. The line has 10 volume % or less of martensite phase induced by drawing process, the remainder being austenite phase. The tensile strength of the line is 1300 N/square mm after drawing.    USE - For manufacture of springs (claimed) and as metal material for hydrogen fuel cell system and domestic small sized generators.    ADVANTAGE - The stainless steel line has excellent fatigue-resistance, water-resistance and brittleness in hydrogen atmosphere due to cobalt addition, has high industrial value and is produced at low cost without using a special alloy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The stainless steel line further contains cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, titanium and/or silicon.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) spring; and    (2) manufacture of spring.
NOVELTY - The gas channel (3) provided between the cylinders (12,13) supplies raw material gas to a catalyst layer (2) provided between the cylinders (11,12) for reforming the raw material gas. The heat conducting fins (41,42) are adhered between the cylinders (11,12,13) for passing the raw material gas through the catalyst layer and the gas channel respectively.    USE - For generating hydrogen-rich gas for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The heat conducting fins adhered between the cylinders reduces the temperature difference of the cylinders reliably. Therefore the differential thermal expansion distortion of the welding portions of the cylinders, is eliminated and hence the fatigue breakage of the modifier is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst layer (2)    gas channel (3)    cylinders (11-13)    communication path (32)    heat conducting fins (41,42)
NOVELTY - An oxidizing agent is partially mixed at the center section (561) of the flow path (56) through which the reformed gas flow from the carbon monoxide (CO) shifter (5) to the carbon monoxide (CO) removal section (6).    USE - Fuel reformer e.g. water vapor reformer used in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient mixing of oxidizing agent with the reformed gas is achieved at a low cost with low flow rate accompanied by low pressure loss.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon monoxide shifter (5)    carbon monoxide removal section (6)    flow path (56)    center section (561)
NOVELTY - Pellet-shaped aluminum, lithium and magnesium into the container (3), are heated/melted into fuel. Water supplied through the water distribution pipe (16) reacts with the fuel to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen recovering pipe (18) recovers the hydrogen generated by supplying water.    USE - For generating hydrogen for fuel cell and steam engine.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient and reliable generation of enormous amount of hydrogen with high safety. Handling of aluminum, magnesium and lithium becomes easier, thereby operability is enhanced. By adding magnesium and lithium with aluminum, hydrogen generation efficiency is enhanced highly. By providing cooling unit inside the container, generation of over heating during reaction of water and fuel is suppressed. As ratio of alkaline earth metal or alkali metal is set ranging between 2-30%, hydrogen generation efficiency is enhanced highly. As container is sealed with a lid, oxidation of aluminum, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, is prevented reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen generation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    outer container (2)    container (3)    lid (6)    bolt (7)    nut (8)    cooling water flow path (12)    heater (15)    water distribution pipe (16)    injection nozzle (17)    hydrogen recovering pipe (18)    fuel (21)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generator has sealed container(s) (6) having water-storing portion (18) which holds magnesium alloy powder (p) and hydrogen reservoir chamber, and water supply device (7) which supplies powder to portion (18). The generator is used for reacting aggregate of magnesium (Mg) alloy particle and catalyst metal microparticles, and water (42) to produce hydrogen.    USE - For producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generator produces hydrogen rapidly with high production rate and low cost. The processing of waste liquid is performed easily and inexpensively in the generator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen generator has sealed container(s) having water-storing portion which holds magnesium alloy powder in its lower portion and hydrogen reservoir chamber (21) in its upper portion, and a water supply device which supplies water to portion (18). The hydrogen generator is used for reacting aggregate of magnesium alloy particle and water to produce hydrogen. The aggregate of magnesium alloy grain consists of grain shape magnesium inside the alloy and catalyst metal microparticles at the surface. The catalyst metal microparticles are chosen from at least one type of nickel and its alloy microparticles, iron and/or its alloy microparticles, vanadium and/or its alloy microparticles, manganese and/or its alloy microparticles, titanium and/or its alloy microparticles, copper and/or its alloy microparticles, gold and/or its alloy microparticles, calcium and/or its alloy microparticles, zinc and/or its alloy microparticles, zirconium and/or its alloy microparticles, cobalt and/or its alloy microparticles, chromium and/or its alloy microparticles, and aluminum and/or its alloy microparticles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of hydrogen generator.    sealed container (6)    water supplying device (7)    powder storage portion (18)    hydrogen reservoir chamber (21)    water (42)    magnesium alloy powder (p)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell housing (100) accommodates a reformation system (1) comprising a reformation unit (1e) heated by a combustor (13), and a fuel cell (8). A suction opening (16f) is provided at the lower surface (103) of housing, for supplying air to the fuel cell. A discharge port (1X) is provided at the upper surface (101) of housing for discharging exhaust gas of reformation module.    USE - For generation of electric power for use in vehicle, domestic and business applications.    ADVANTAGE - Since the suction opening and discharge port are provided at lower and upper surfaces of the housing, intake of the exhaust gas containing combustion dreg, through the opening is restrained. Hence electric-power generation property of the fuel cell, is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel cell apparatus.    Reformation system (1)    Reformation unit (1e)    Suction opening (1X)    Fuel cell (8)    Combustor (13)    Housing (100)    Discharge port (16f)    Surfaces (101, 103)
NOVELTY - A burner (14) is arranged to burn heating gas in a combustion chamber (13). A heat exchanger (15) is arranged at the periphery of the burner to exchange heat from the combustion gas.    USE - Used for fuel cells used in vehicles or domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier stabilizes the combustion of fuel, reliably suppressing nitrogen oxide generation. As the temperature distribution in the reformation chamber is homogenized, the need for a special material for the case is eliminated, obtaining a cost reduction. The modification property is improved. The need for a catalyst combustor is eliminated, enlarging the heating surface, obtaining a size reduction without reducing the efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1)    Modifier catalyst (11)    Modification chamber (12)    Combustion chamber (13)    Burner (14)    Heat exchanger (15)    Combustion gas flow path (18)    Air flow path (19)
NOVELTY - The flow regulators (110,120) adjusts the flow of heating fluid to gaseous and liquid phase fluid paths formed in different sections of a heat exchanger. A control unit (100) controls the flow regulators, based on the steam temperature and steam flow amount.    USE - For generating steam used in fuel reformer for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - An expected heat exchange state can be quickly realized and a steam generation can be performed with an excellent steam quality and stability with a good responsiveness to load fluctuation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for steam generation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of steam generator control system of a steam generation equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    control unit (100)    flow regulators (110,120)    fuel evaporator (210)
NOVELTY - The device (1) has a cylindrical catalyst layer (31) supported by a porous carrier. A gas supply path (3) and exhaust path (5) are provided on either sides of the catalyst layer such that reactive gas to be reformed flows from the path (3) towards the path (5) through the catalyst layer.    USE - For catalytic reaction of fuel such as reactive gas for fuel reformation in fuel cell used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enables increasing the fuel reaction area effectively. By providing the porous carrier for supporting the catalyst layer, the size and weight of the reaction device is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross sectional view of the catalytic reaction device.    reaction device (1)    gas supply path (3)    gas exhaust path (5)    catalyst layer (31)
NOVELTY - A moisture content adjusting device (5) adjusts the moisture content of the produced hydrogen to promote water lubrication of the piston of the compressor (3) that stores the hydrogen in a high pressure tank.    USE - Supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell mounted on a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Simple structure for lubricating piston of compressor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen station. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen station (1)    water electrolysis apparatus (2)    compressor (3)    moisture content adjusting device (5)    dehumidification means (16)    humidification means (17)
NOVELTY - The carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and hydrogen (H2) ionization electrode layers (4,6) respectively enclose the oxygen ionization catalyst and transparent oxygen ion layers (3,1) provided on either sides of an electrode (2). The supports (5,7) providing electrical connection for respective layers (4,6) are separated from the layers by gaps (5a,7a) for enabling flow of CO2 and H2 respectively.    USE - For decomposition of atmospheric carbon dioxide for generation of electric power.    ADVANTAGE - Enables decomposing carbon efficiently without the need for supplying excess amount of energy, thereby ensuring harmless decomposition operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the carbon dioxide decomposition device.    transparent oxygen ion layer (1)    electrode (2)    oxygen ionization catalyst layer (3)    CO-2 capture layer (4)    supports (5,7)    gaps (5a,7a)    H2 ionization electrode layer (6)
NOVELTY - The system stores electric power by reacting hydrogen produced from electrolyzed water with carbon monoxide obtained using coal property waste material, and producing methanol.    USE - For storing electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The electric power is stored safely and inexpensively in the system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of the system for storing electric power.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen separation type modifier (10) receives compressed methane gas from compressor (2), combustion exhaust from combustor (6A) and steam from boiler (3), and outputs separated hydrogen through flow path (L11). A turbine (12A) driving electricity generator (14), is driven by hydrogen removed exhaust passing through flow path (L14A) of modifier (10), and turbine exhaust passing through flow path (L16) is returned to combustor.    USE - For hydrogen supply to fuel cell, hydrogen driven car.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures effective use of hydrogen removed high pressure/temperature exhaust of modifier by turbine generator and combustor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Compressor (2)    Boiler (3)    Combustor (6A)    Hydrogen separation type modifier (10)    Turbine (12A)    Electricity generator (14)    Hydrogen flow path (L11)    Hydrogen removed exhaust flow path (L14A)    Turbine exhaust flow path (L16)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon group fuel which has no oxygen atoms, is steam modified by producing hydrogen. The hydrocarbon conversion ratio is made into 90% or less. Most of the heat required by modifier, is obtained from off gas of fuel cell.    USE - For fuel modifier used in combination with fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables size reduction and modification temperature reduction and improves modification efficiency, as most of the heat required by modifier is obtained from off gas of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing modification ratio and hydrogen utilization factor relationship of fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Raw material gas comprising natural gas containing methane and low hydrocarbon is passed into film reactor (11) having oxygen permeable membrane (2). Water vapor modification and partial oxidation of raw gas are performed by adding water and carbon dioxide, to manufacture synthesis gas. Flow of oxygen is adjusted to adjust molar ratio of water to carbon, oxygen to carbon, and carbon dioxide to carbon.    USE - For manufacturing synthesis gas used as heating gas for fuel cells and drive source connected to the fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The expansion of apparatus and production cost are reduced. A hydrogen rich heating gas is produced using the synthesis gas. A fuel cell electric power generation system which utilizes hydrogen rich heating gas as fuel is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) the liquid fuel manufacturing system; and    (2) the fuel cell electric power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure demonstrates the manufacturing method of synthesis gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Film membrane (2)    Membrane reactor (11)
NOVELTY - An air temperature raising unit (60) raises the temperature of reaction air containing impurities such as organic solvent supplied from the air blower (23), so that the impurities contained in the air is removed, and is supplied to the bubbling chamber (26). The humidified water from the chamber (26) is supplied to the air electrode (54).    USE - Fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures efficient and stable electric power generation. Durability of the fuel cell is increased. Overall efficiency of the fuel cell electric power generation system is enhanced highly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    air blower (23)    air supplying path (25)    bubbling chamber (26)    modifier (40)    fuel cell (50)    fuel electrode (53)    air electrode (54)    air temperature raising unit (60)
NOVELTY - A pair of cold pipelines (L1,L8) connects a liquid hydrogen reservoir (22) to a vaporizer (42). A hot pipe line (L5) connects a hydrogen separation type modifier (32) and a hydrogen gas suction container (25). The pipelines are opened and closed by the shut-off valves (23,35,37) interposed between cold and hot pipelines to selectively cool and heat the hydrogen gas.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to apparatus such as fuel cell and hydrogen supplying station for fuel cell electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is manufactured efficiently without using a hydrogen occlusion alloy. The pressure of the hydrogen gas sucked into the container is increased by heating the hydrogen gas with the heat energy of the combustion exhaust gas. The combustion exhaust gas is utilized effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen supply structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    liquid hydrogen reservoir (22)    hydrogen separation type modifier (32)    vaporizer (42)    shut-off valves (23,35,37)    hydrogen gas suction container (25)    cold pipelines (L1,L8)    hot pipeline (L5)
NOVELTY - Pigment sensitizing type solar cell (1) consists of a pigment coupling electrode (10), a counter electrode (30) and an electrolyte (5) which contacts the electrodes. The pigment and the electrolyte containing substances has an organometallic complex. The complex has a ligand coupled by the coordinate bond to the metal atom as a central atom. The pigment is adsorbed to the surface of an electrode.    USE - As pigment sensitizing solar cell battery.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment sensitizing solar cell is durable and prevents a generation of structural change in prolonged use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the pigment sensitizing solar cell.    Pigment sensitizing type solar cell (1)    Electrolyte liquid (5)    Pigment coupling electrode (10)    Electrode (30)
NOVELTY - Oxidizing agent supply gas and oxidizing agent exhaust gas are made to oppose each other in each temperature and humidity control areas (1-3) through a temperature and humidity control film. Oxidizing agent supply gas and oxidizing agent exhaust gas flow inside the temperature and humidity control areas in mutually opposite directions.    USE - Fuel cell for electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Performs heating and humidification of the reaction gas efficiently, enables to exchange low, medium and high temperature and humidity with high efficiency and achieves size reduction of the apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the temperature and humidity control apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    temperature and humidity control areas (1-3)    oxidizing agent gas supply duct (5)    oxidizing agent gas ejection duct (6)    oxidizing agent inlet port (7)    oxidizing agent exit port (8)    oxidizing agent supply gas flow (11a,11e)    oxidizing agent exhaust gas flow (12a,12e)    partition plate (13,14)    temperature and humidity control apparatus (100)
NOVELTY - The exhaust gas emitted from hydrogen outlet terminal (8) is passed to a hydrogen purification device (6) through the exhaust gas circulating paths (22a,22b,6a).    USE - As fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents poisoning of electrode catalyst to maintain efficiency of fuel cell system. Reduces concentration of carbon monoxide in exhaust gas emitted from hydrogen electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel tank (2)    fuel feed pump (3)    evaporator (4)    modifier (5)    hydrogen purification device (6)    exhaust gas circulating paths (6a,22a,22b)    hydrogen outlet terminal (8)    carbon monoxide concentration sensor (9)    primary side (10)    circulation pump (11)    flow path (13)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive paste contains a mixture of aluminum powder, organic compound and glass frit that does not contain boron.    USE - For rear side electrode of silicon solar cell used in building.    ADVANTAGE - Silver gray color of the aluminum powder is maintained and external appearance of the solar cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional profile of the module incorporating silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Raw hydrocarbon and water vapor are reacted in water vapor modification reaction to form reformer gas containing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen. CO is converted to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the presence of catalyst in shift gas reaction producing modified gas. CO2 is removed by liquefying which cools the modified gas.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen which is used as reducing gas, raw material gas, hydrogenation gas, and in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method efficiently utilizes cold heat of the liquefied natural gas and produces hydrogen. The method is inexpensive since the method skips CO2 removal process thereby reducing installation cost, construction cost and maintenance cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process flow of hydrogen manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen occlusion material comprises carbon and catalyst chosen from group containing nickel, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, copper, palladium, platinum, iron, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, tungsten, titanium, manganese and/or osmium.    USE - For discharge of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occlusion material discharges hydrogen of high purity in sufficient amount, has excellent and reliable occlusion discharge ability, at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The graphite crystal grain is blended as raw material of carbon. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen occlusion material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows graphite crystal microparticle.
NOVELTY - The pigment sensitizing-type photoelectric chemical battery electrode has a porous material of semiconductor containing a pigment sensitizer, and an electroconductive whisker.    USE - For pigment sensitizing-type photoelectrochemical cell (claimed) such as wet solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Pigment sensitizing-type photoelectrochemical battery electrode is economical, easy to acquire, and has improved wettability with respect to solution, due to the use of organic electroconductive whisker. The pigment sensitizer used has bipyridine-carboxylic acid-ruthenium (II) complex, such that high absorption efficiency of sunlight and photoelectric conversion efficiency are improved. The short circuit current of pigment sensitizing-type photoelectric chemical battery electrode is enlarged by using titanium oxide as main component in semiconductor, and electrode is obtained with low internal resistance. The electroconductive whisker exists uniformly within porous material. The pigment sensitizing-type photoelectrochemical cell with small electric power generation loss is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pigment sensitizer is bipyridine-carboxylic acid-ruthenium (II) complex dihydrate.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) porous material of semiconductor;    (2) pigment sensitizer;    (3) semiconductor;    (4) electroconductive whisker; and    (5) pigment sensitizing-type photoelectrochemical cell.
NOVELTY - The raw material gas is supplied to a hydrogen generator (4) along with the heating gas generated by a fuel cell (8). The generated hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell directly.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen gas used in fuel cell for electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - As the heat energy ejected from the fuel cell is utilized efficiently, the total power generation cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen storage system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the functional block diagram of the hydrogen manufacture and storage system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen generator (4)    Fuel cell (8)
NOVELTY - The austenitic stainless steel consists of (in mass%) chromium (15-25), nickel (7-15), carbon (0.02-0.1), silicon (1-4), manganese (2 or less) and sulfur (0.008 or less), nitrogen (0.05-0.2), molybdenum (1-3) and/or niobium (0.05-0.5) and the remainder of iron. Chromium oxide (30 or more) is contained in the oxide film of a heating initial stage.    USE - For modifier used in petroleum group fuels such as gasoline, naphtha, kerosene oil and liquefied petroleum gas.    ADVANTAGE - The austenitic stainless steel in modifier provides excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance, at high temperature and water vapor atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the internal structure of a single tube petroleum group fuel modifier.
NOVELTY - The ferritic stainless steel comprises (in mass%) chromium (8-35), carbon (0.03 or less), nitrogen (0.03 or less), manganese (1.5 or less), sulfur (0.008 or less), silicon (0.8-2.5) and/or aluminum (0.6-6) and iron (remainder). The total amount of silicon and aluminum is adjusted to 1.5 mass% or more.    USE - For modifier of petroleum group fuel e.g. gasoline, naphtha, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas.    ADVANTAGE - Ferritic stainless steel has excellent thermal-fatigue property, structure reinforcement strength, prevents oxidation and sulfurization in high temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows internal structure of single tube-type modified. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogenation reaction of naphthalene of stage (I) produces tetralin. After separating unreacted naphthalene from reaction product, tetralin is hydrogenated by hydrogenation reaction of stage (II), to obtain decalin.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Decalin is manufactured efficiently in short time due to the division of hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions. Use of light activity catalyst is not required and the process suppresses the heat generated in the reaction.
NOVELTY - A desulfurized processing unit (34), a reformation processing unit (36), a transformation processing unit (38) and a selective oxidation treatment unit (40) which are connected with the respective flow paths (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20), are arranged at a predetermined order along the axial center of the cylinder.    USE - For generating hydrogen-content gas.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures simple structure and requires less energy consumption for generation of hydrogen-content gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hydrogen-content gas generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    flow paths (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20)    desulfurization processing unit (34)    reformation processing unit (36)    transformation processing unit (38)    selective oxidation treatment unit (40)
NOVELTY - The amount of electrolyte liquid per electrode unit area sent to the electrode during starting and ending of discharge process is below 0.3 cc/minute.square cm and above 0.4 cc/minute.square cm, respectively.    USE - For operating vanadium redox flow battery.    ADVANTAGE - By specifying the amount of electrolyte liquid per electrode unit area, high liquid utilization factor and high output is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph illustrating the relationship between current density and liquid utilization factor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The tetravalent vanadium ion of the active material of a positive electrode is changed to a pentavalent vanadium ion during charging of the battery. The battery is operated such that the pentavalent vanadium ion of the active material becomes 85% or less, at the time of completion of charging.    USE - For operating vanadium redox battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables decreased generation of gas, and prevention of deterioration of the electrode, by suitably setting the concentration of the pentavalent vanadium ion at completion of charging. Enables correctly determining the degree of deterioration of the electrode by using a monitoring cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The trivalent vanadium ion of the active material of the negative electrode changes to bivalent vanadium ion during charging. The bivalent vanadium ion becomes 85% or less at the time of completion of charging. A monitoring cell connected to the battery assesses the deterioration of the positive and the negative electrode, respectively, when the ratio of O-C=O group of the positive electrode exceeds 7% and the ratio of CC- group becomes 74% or less, and when the ratio of OC- group exceeds 11%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the battery system with the monitoring cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Main battery (10)    Monitoring cell (20)    Electrolyte storage tanks (31, 32)    Return pipe (42)
NOVELTY - The sealing structure comprises a foam sealant (3) arranged between a glass plate (1) and a frame (2).    USE - Used for glass frame which is used in manufacture of solar cell module and liquid crystal panel.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing structure has water sealant effect, as film layer of water activation property absorbs the water and enables firm adhesion of the frame. The water sealant effect is maintained for a long period of time. Since the sealant is in fixed form, the sealant is not extruded, and thereby drying process is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sealing method of a glass frame.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of sealing structure of glass frame.    glass plate (1)    frame (2)    sealant (3)
NOVELTY - Several solar cell arrays (3) are sealed with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (2a-2c) between a transparent surface protection film and a reverse side protection film. The solar cell arrays and the circumference of electroconductive tape (t2,t3) or paste which connects the adjacent solar cell arrays are insulated with the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell module, e.g. for roof, window in buildings, for business use, in supplying electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction in effective area of power generation by electrically insulating adjacent solar cell arrays with adhesive resin sealing agent, to avoid migration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the above solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (2a-2c)    solar cell arrays (3)    electroconductive tape (t2,t3)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrically conductive film (5) comprising indium tin oxide (ITO), and having a thickness of 0.1-0.6 microns, is adhered on the side of a silicon wafer (1). The film is used as an anode to supply current to a wafer. Light of wavelength 200-1200 nm is irradiated from the other side of the wafer, to form fine a pattern on the wafer.    USE - Used for manufacturing semiconductor substrates used in electroluminescent light-emitting devices, solar cells and quantum effect devices.    ADVANTAGE - A semiconductor substrate with a uniform fine pattern is manufactured easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the semiconductor substrate manufacture.    Silicon wafer (1)    Transparent electrically conductive film (5)
NOVELTY - The cation conductor couples an organic residue having an acidic group, and another substituent to a fullerene molecule, respectively.    USE - For electrochemical device (claimed) such as fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cation conductor does not decompose even at high temperature and under existence of water. The cation conductor is chemically stable. The cation conductor maintains high proton conductivity for a long period of time. The cation conductor does not solubilize in water even when the introduction amount of acid functional group is increased. The cation conductor suppresses fluidity, and has improved heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic residue is 1-20C organic residue. The acidic groups are proton dissociative groups such as sulfonic acid, carboxyl or phosphoric acid group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of chemical constitution of fullerene derivative. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A titanium oxide semiconductor layer (3) is adhered with peroxide for absorbing the optical sensing dyer adhered to a transparent electrode (2).    USE - Used in optoelectric transducer (claimed) such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion is performed efficiently using special designed optical electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent electrode (2)    titanium oxide semiconductor layer (3)
NOVELTY - A fuel inlet pipe (13) attached with pressure control valve (12) is connected to a fuel cell (6) and a modifier (1) so that pressure of heating gas within the path from the modifier to the fuel cell is held constant. The hydrogen gas from the modifier passes through hydrogen absorption container (4) and then into the fuel cell. A pump (9) removes portion of gas ejected from fuel cell and supplies to the container.    USE - Electric power generation system using fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the gas flow path from the modifier to the fuel cell is held at constant pressure due to the inlet piping with control valve, a stabilized power generation system is attained with high precision and the modifier is operated reliably. Provides simple structure    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heating gas is hydrogen gas. The modifier modifies methane gas to hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide. The pump controls the flow amount of gas fuel in inlet pipe. The container (4) has hydrogen occlusion alloy element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the electric power generation system using fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1)    Hydrogen absorption container (4)    Fuel cell (6)    Pressure control valve (12)    Fuel inlet pipe (13)
NOVELTY - Light transmission sheet (1) consists of metal having high reflecting rate and corrugated structure opposing the surface of a transparent base material (3).    USE - Light transmission sheet for solar cell module (claimed) for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces reflection loss of the light irradiated on the solar cell by absorbing the light inside the solar cell and preventing the escape of the light towards the external side.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) light transmission sheet manufacturing method;    (2) solar cell module;    (3) polarity light transmission board;    (4) polarity light transmission film; and    (5) polarity light transmission apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the outline structure of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    light transmission sheet (1)    transparent base material (3)
NOVELTY - A ground control base (10) performs remote control and positioning of a movable hydrogen manufacturing plant (20) positioned in the sea, using the acquired meteorological and marine research data from a satellite (12). A schedule allocates a liquid-hydrogen transportation tanker (11) for shipping to each plant based on operation condition of the plant. The position of each plant is acquired with the signal from a global positioning system (GPS).    USE - For recovering hydrogen for being used as fuel in transport devices such as motor vehicle, bus, ship, iron foundry, self electric-power-generation system of residence, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy control and management of the plant from ground control base utilizing the natural energy efficiently. Enables efficient energy transformation at low cost and performs efficient shipping allocation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen recovery system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    ground control base (10)    liquid-hydrogen transportation tanker (11)    satellite (12)    hydrogen manufacturing plant (20)
NOVELTY - Electrochemical cell assembly where component(s) is exposed to chemical environment during operation is manufactured by treating surface of the stainless steel prior to incorporation in the assembly with electrical current while contacted by electrolyte. The viscosity of assembly is in conjunction with other conditions to secure reduction in the interfacial resistance associated with surface.    USE - The stainless steel components are used for manufacturing electrochemical cell assembly where component(s) is exposed to the chemical environment during operation of the cell. It is also used to manufacture fuel cell assembly. The fuel cell assembly is PEM fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, direct methanol fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, or solid oxide fuel cell. (All claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The components are made of relatively inexpensive stainless steel. It reduces the interfacial resistance associated with stainless steel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel stack comprising fuel cell units having proton-exchange membrane separating the cell into anolyte and catholyte chambers and provided with anode and cathode; separator plate, flow field plate, or bipolar plate disposed between adjacent cell units; current-collecting mechanism having pair of plates located one at each end of the stack; mechanism for feeding fuel to the anolyte chambers of the stack; and mechanism for feeding oxygen-containing gas to the catholyte chambers of the stack.
NOVELTY - Gas reforming reactor of a generally concentric construction, with a central, axially arranged, flue-gas generating heater (4), surrounded by reforming sections (3a,3b), where at least reforming section (3a) has an axial bore for passage of hot gases, extending parallel to the central axis (5) of the reactor.    USE - Local, or mobile units for production of up to approx. 400Nm3/h hydrogen from e.g. natural gas, bio-gas, or land-fill gas feed stocks.    ADVANTAGE - Compact production units which can achieve better than 97% overall conversion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for reforming hydrocarbons.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows an axial cross section for a schematic reforming reactor.
NOVELTY - A multicrystalline silicon substrate (13) is produced by cutting multicrystalline silicon ingot made by directional solidification (10) such that a normal line of a principal surface (14) of the substrate is perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of crystal grains (11) of the ingot.    USE - The invention is used for solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides silicon substrate having excellent characteristics. It makes possible to provide inexpensive solar cell having small shunt and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of producing a solar cell comprising epitaxially growing a silicon film of the inventive silicon substrate and forming a pn-junction using the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a view illustrating a process for obtaining the silicon substrate from the silicon ingot made by directional solidification.    Directional solidification (10)    Crystal grains (11)    Silicon substrate (13)    Principal surface (14)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas is produced by introducing aluminum in aqueous solution containing 0.26-19 M sodium hydroxide, reacting the aluminum with water at a surface (66) of solution to generate a region of effervescence at surface of solution and precipitate (68) sinking from the region of effervescence, and maintaining the region of effervescence separated from the precipitate at the bottom region of the vessel.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method prevents any precipitate from mixing with aluminum. It proceeds catalytically with the sodium hydroxide acting as the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partial cross-section view of an apparatus used in the inventive method.    Hydrogen generator (60)    Reaction vessel (62)    Alkaline solution (64)    Surface (66)    Precipitate (68)    Hopper (80)
NOVELTY - A group III-V solar cell comprises an n type emitter layer and a p type base layer. An optical bandgap of a material forming the p type base layer becomes smaller as a function of approaching a pn junction.    USE - For space applications.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly is superior in radiation resistance and has tolerance with respect to radiation in extraterrestrial space.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of an epitaxially grown layer in an indium-gallium-arsenide solar cell.
NOVELTY - A solar cell has an aluminum paste electrode (14) on its back surface. At least a part of an outer edge of the aluminum paste electrode has a greater thickness than that of any remaining part of the electrode.    USE - Used as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method uses a decreased amount of aluminum paste without a problem of ball-up that is a defect in appearance, can be produced without changing the conventional materials, and is effective in that the cell cracks less frequently since the outer edge of the aluminum electrode has an increased thickness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method of manufacturing the inventive solar cell comprising performing cell printing by pressurizing an aluminum paste to the back surface of the solar cell, changing the distance between the screen mask and the back surface of the solar cell in the screen printing depending on a part of the back surface that is to be printed, and printing a part more distant from the screen mask with a thicker aluminum paste while a part less distant from the screen mask with a thinner aluminum paste; and    (b) a screen printer or squeegee used in screen printing performed by pressurizing an aluminum paste through a screen mask or by the squeegee to transfer the aluminum paste to the back surface of a solar cell.    A stage for securing the solar cell is inclined to change the distance between the screen mask and back surface of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of a solar cell.    Aluminum paste electrode (14)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell includes: (a) an ion exchange membrane (12); (b) an electrode (20) in ion exchanging relation relative to the ion exchange membrane; (c) a gas diffusion layer (50) borne by the electrode and has an outwardly facing surface (51); (d) a porous metal coating (60) comprising element(s) from periodic table having an atomic number of less than 75; and (e) a current collector (80) in ohmic electrical contact with the porous metal coating.    USE - Used as fuel cell for converting chemical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell reduces contact resistance and resulting equivalent series resistance. It operates at less than 300 degreesC and provides constant electrical current and constant contact resistance across a wide range of pressures so cost savings can be realized in designing and manufacturing of the fuel cells which turn reduces the relative cost per watt to produce electrical power so making the fuel cells a better option for commercial applications.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a section of a membrane electrode diffusion layer assembly.    Ion exchange membrane (12)    Anode and cathode sides (13, 14)    Electrode (20)    Gas diffusion layer (50)    Outwardly facing surface (51)    Porous metal coating (60)    Current collector (80)    Pressure (83)    Contact resistance (84)
NOVELTY - Purification system (14) with major component and oxidizable impurity comprises electrolytic cell (15) having fluid diffusion anode with catalyst and electrocatalyst, fluid diffusion cathode, electrolyte, fluid supply inlet port (18a), and purified fluid outlet (19a); supply of oxidant (16) connected to fluid supply inlet port; and power supply (20) with positive and negative terminals.    USE - For fluid supply in a fuel cell system. (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The invention enhances the activity of catalyst incorporated in the cell anode. It is more efficient and less complex method for reducing the carbon monoxide levels in reformed fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a fuel cell system (11) comprising fuel cell and purification system; and    (2) a method for purifying a fluid using an electrolytic cell comprising directing fluid and oxidant to the inlet of anode, applying an electric potential across electrolytic cell so that anode is positive with respect to cathode, and collecting purified fluid from outlet of anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system comprising an electrolytic cell for removing carbon monoxide from the fuel stream supplied to the fuel cell.    Fuel cell system (11)    Purification system (14)    Electrolytic cell (15)    Supply of air (16)    Stack (17)    Fuel supply inlet port (18a)    Outlet port (19a)    Power supply (20)
NOVELTY - Invention relates to synthesis of novel tetranitriles of heterocyclic tetracarboxylic acids of the formula (I) that can be used for synthesis of polyhexazocyclanes-fluorophores, bifluorophores, trifluorophores.    USE - Organic chemistry.    ADVANTAGE - Valuable properties of compound.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Such polyhexazocyclanes are perspective for application as active media of liquid and solid lasers, scintillators, especially for indication of rigid radiation, transformation of short-wave radiation to long-wave radiation, in information transfer by fiber optics communication channels, enhancement of solar batteries power, protection of securities, billboard making.
NOVELTY - Invention describes novel heterocyclic o-dicarbonitriles of the general formula (I) that can be used for synthesis of hexazocyclanes-fluorophores, as donor-fragment for synthesis of hexazocyclanes-bifluorophores and hexazocyclanes-trifluorophores.    USE - Organic chemistry.    ADVANTAGE - Valuable properties of compounds.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Such hexazocyclanes are perspective for application as active liquid media and solid lasers, scintillators, being especially for indication of rigid radiation, transformation of short-wave radiation to long-wave radiation in information transfer by fibre optics communication channels, enhancement of solar batteries power, protection of securities, billboards making and so on.
NOVELTY - A substrate (1) has an undoped gallium nitride layer (2) and an oxidizing layer of thickness 50 Angstrom or less is arranged over the nitride layer. A p-type electrode (9) is formed on the nitride layer by irradiating electromagnetic waves.    USE - Used for electronic devices, e.g. light emitting elements, light receiving elements, LEDs, solar cells, laser diodes, optical sensors, transistors and power devices.    ADVANTAGE - Decomposition of the nitride layer is prevented by maintaining the proper ohmic contact between the electrode and nitride layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electrode formation of an n-type nitride semiconductor layer; and    (2) nitride semiconductor element production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the n-type nitride semiconductor element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Undoped gallium nitride layer (2)    n-side contact layer (3)    Active layer (6)    p-type electrode (9)
NOVELTY - An anode (3) and a cathode of an electrical component such as solar cell (1), are connected by a circuit pattern (8) formed between the insulating panels on a glass epoxy substrate (7).    USE - For electrical component e.g. solar cell used in personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile telephone and wrist watch. Also for components such as thermocouple, capacitor and battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces labor required for electrode connection operation and eliminates need for using lead wire for connection, thereby reducing thickness of the connection section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective views explaining the installation state of the solar cell.    solar cell (1)    anode (3)    glass epoxy substrate (7)    circuit pattern (8)
NOVELTY - The sealing structure has a packing consisting of a protective layer (11) adhered by the surface of a silicone rubber layer (10) formed at the periphery of a separator (5), by vulcanization-adhesion. The packing is interposed between the cell of a fuel cell, and the separator which clamps the cell.    USE - For fuel cell e.g. solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing structure has excellent heat resistance, chemical-resistance, and low extractability. The sealing of gas is performed easily and reliably, without deformation of packing, and dislocation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for molding method of packing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the state of the silicone rubber layer covering the protective layer.    separator (5)    silicone rubber layer (10)    protective layer (11)
NOVELTY - The apparatus (10) has reactors (R1, R2) (20, 22) arranged at anode (12a) and cathode (12b) of electrolyte film (12), respectively, and catalyst (16, 18). Organic hydride is supplied to R2 and oxygen or oxygen gas containing nitrogen is supplied to R1. Hydrogen ion produced from the hydride is reacted with the gas and electricity is generated. Alternately, the apparatus is used for producing organic hydride.    USE - For organic hydride manufacture, power generation and used in mobile telephones, personal computers, robots and mobile fuel cells for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity is generated efficiently using a simple and compact apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus has hydrogen ion permeable electrolyte which permeates hydrogen ions selectively, metal catalyst arranged at both sides of the film, external circuit formed by connecting electric power unit to both sides of the film, reactor (R1) arranged on the anode side of the film and reactor (R2) arranged on the cathode side of the film. Oxygen gas, air or oxygen containing nitrogen is supplied to R1 and organic hydride is supplied to R2. Hydrogen ion produced by the dehydrogenation of the organic hydride is reacted with the oxygen gas in R1, and electricity is generated. Alternately, water or water vapor is supplied to R1 and a hydride is supplied to R2. Hydrogenation of the hydrogen ion produced by the electrolysis of water or water vapor is carried out with the hydride at the cathode side, and organic hydride is manufactured.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic hydride manufacturing and power generating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the organic hydride manufacturing/power generation apparatus.    Apparatus (10)    Electrolyte film (12)    Anode (12a)    Cathode (12b)    Catalyst (16,18)    Reactors (20,22)
NOVELTY - An organic structure arranged between a cathode and anode, comprises two or more alternately laminated organic thin film layers and floating state conductive thin film layers.    USE - For organic electro luminescent elements (claimed), organic solar batteries (claimed) and photoelectric conversion element used in a photoelectronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an organic semiconductor element which has a high reliability and yield, without using an ultra thin film. It also improves the efficiency of the photoelectronic device using the element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic structure arranged between a cathode and anode, comprises two or more alternately laminated organic thin film layers and floating state conductive thin film layers. The conductive thin film layers contain several layers formed by doping a donor or acceptor on the organic compounds, it is in ohmic contact with the organic thin film layer containing a hole transporting layer and an electron transporting layer.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an organic electro luminescent element; and    (2) an organic solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a basic structure of the organic semiconductor element.
NOVELTY - The scheme in the invention includes the batteries at the top, middle and bottom. The improved bottom battery is the battery with one or more PN junctions of Ge. The middle battery is the battery with one or more PN junctions of GaAs. The top battery is the battery with MIS Schottky junction of ZnSe. The three functional materials ZnSe, GaAs, Ge are adopted to produce the multijunction photocell to transform light energy. The synthetical spectral response curve covers 95% of the total spectral energy of sunlight. The theoretical efficiency reaches to 56% and the actual efficiency reaches to more than 30%. The invention increases the output power by raising the open circuit voltage. Using AU/n-ZnSe Schottky junction avoids the difficulties of P type adulteration.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen fuel generating system comprises a device for implementing a reforming process that converts primary fuel into hydrogen, and a membrane (10) that exhibits selective permeability for carbon dioxide. The membrane comprises ceramic material.    USE - For generating hydrogen fuel for a fuel cell constituting a power source for driving and/or additional power source in some type of transportation e.g. private car, lorry, bus, plant machine, truck, boat, airplane, helicopter, or space vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The improved fuel generating system has an increased efficiency, is simpler and more robust, and does not require a great deal of space. The ceramic membrane has tolerance of temperature and chemicals, and can be applied even in exposed positions of the system without problems over a long period of time. It can create a large partial pressure difference over the membrane for the gas component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of the invention.    Flow (1, 2, 3, 4)    Heat exchanger (5)    First chamber (8a)    Second chamber (8b)    Reformer catalyst (9)    Membrane (10)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for oxidation or reduction reactions comprises platinum, molybdenum, and a metal comprising nickel, iron, tin or tungsten whose concentration is less than 70 at.%. The concentration of nickel or iron is less than 20 at.% when the alloy contains both nickel and iron.    USE - Used in oxidation or reduction reactions, for use as an electrocatalyst in fuel cell electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has improved corrosion resistance and/or activity. The improved electrocatalytic activity is achieved by controlling the relative concentrations of the various metals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a catalyst alloy comprising platinum, molybdenum and nickel or iron (less than 70 at.%);    (b) a supported electrocatalyst powder for use in electrochemical reactor devices, comprising a catalyst as above, and electrically conductive support particles upon which the catalyst is dispersed comprising carbon supports and electrically conductive polymer supports    (c) a fuel cell (21) comprising an anode (2), a cathode (3), a proton exchange membrane (1) between the anode and the cathode, and a catalyst as above; and    (d) the electrochemical conversion of a hydrogen-containing fuel and oxygen to reaction products and electricity in a fuel cell comprising an anode, a cathode, a proton exchange membrane in between, a catalyst as above, and an electrically conductive external circuit connecting the anode and cathode, comprising contacting the hydrogen-containing fuel or the oxygen and the catalyst to catalytically oxidize the hydrogen-containing fuel or catalytically reduce the oxygen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic structural view showing members of a fuel cell.    Exchange membrane (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Current Collector (4, 5)    Fuel Chamber (8)    Fuel cell (21)
NOVELTY - The catalyst ink comprises electro catalyst metal e.g. platinum, proton conducting polymers and particulate graphite of 1-40 weight% with respect to the weight of the electro catalyst.    USE - For forming high performance catalyst structure, by applying ink on gas diffusion substrate, membranes or decal blanks e.g. Teflon blank, polymer electrolyte membrane etc. to form catalyst layer used in catalyst coated membrane, and in gas diffusion electrode anode or cathode used in membrane electrode assembly in low temperature fuel cell such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell used in stationary and portable power device and as alternative to internal combustion engine in vehicle and other fuel cells and electro-chemical devices.    ADVANTAGE - Provides electrocatalytic layer with improved electronic conductivity in both x-y and z directions. The graphite can be added without compromising contact between electro catalyst and proton conducting polymer in electrocatalytic layer. Addition of graphite does not affect level of hydration in the catalyst layer. The ink can be applied in simple operation to the substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) process of preparing an electro catalyst ink;    (2) process of preparing an electrocatalytic layer;    (3) gas diffusion electrode;    (4) catalyst coated membrane;    (5) membrane electrode assembly; and    (6) fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the resistance measuring apparatus.
NOVELTY - A gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is produced by contacting steam with the molten metal to react a first portion of the steam with the reactive metal to form hydrogen gas and metal oxide, and contacting a carbonaceous material with the molten metal in the presence of steam to react with carbonaceous material with a second portion of the steam and form carbon monoxide gas.    USE - For producing a gas stream comprising H2 and CO useful in the synthesis of useful products e.g., methane, methanol and ammonia (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method provides gas stream having H2 and CO in well-controlled ratio and yields useful products e.g. methane or methanol without the need to remove carbon oxides from the gas stream to adjust the ratio.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of gas stream comprising hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in molar ratio of 1:1, comprises providing a molten metal (504) in a reactor comprising first reactive metal, contacting steam with the molten metal to react a first portion of the steam with the reactive metal to form hydrogen gas and metal oxide, contacting a carbonaceous material with the molten metal in the presence of steam to react with carbonaceous material with a second portion of the steam and form carbon monoxide gas, and extracting the gas stream form the reaction having a molar H2:CO ratio of at least 1:1.
NOVELTY - A crosslinked irreversible chemical gel film-type ion exchange membrane, its preparation method and a fuel cell containing the ion exchange membrane are provided, to reduce the effect of moisture and methanol on the hydrogen ion conductivity, to reduce the thickness and to improve the ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion exchange membrane is such that its crosslinking point is formed by the crosslinking reaction of a structural unit A selected from the groups represented by the formulas (1) and (2), and it comprises a structural unit B selected from the groups represented by the formula (3).    R1-R5 = H, Ph, 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C alkylene, 1-4C alkynyl, nitrile or functional group capable of inducing the condensation independently(i.e. epoxy, cyanate, ester and halogen);    R6 = H, 1-4C alkyl;    Ar = optionally substituted Ph, substituted by Ph, 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C alkylene, 1-4C alkynyl;    R7 = SO3H, COOH or -P(O)(OR8)OH;    R8 = H or 1-4C alkyl.
NOVELTY - A pressure sensor (3) monitors the pressure change in a container (2) packed with graphite and hydrogen gas, while performing mechanical grinding of graphite in the container.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen storage element used in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen storage element with high quality is mass produced using this apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of the hydrogen storage element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of the hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen storage element manufacturing apparatus (1)    Container (2)    Pressure sensor (3)    Pipe (4)    Valve (5)    Vibrating table (6)
NOVELTY - Molten metal with coating material is filled in container (106) which has opened-downward portion and closed-upward portion. Substrate (101) is immersed in the metal and pressurization gas is introduced to upper portion of container. Pressure of gas is adjusted and liquid phase growth of coating material on substrate is carried out by stirring molten metal, by adjusting level of molten metal.    USE - For liquid phase growth of solar cell, compound semiconductor crystal for LED and optical crystal for electro-optical elements.    ADVANTAGE - Liquid phase growth of uniform crystal thickness is provided at high speed without non-uniformity. Heterogeneity is improved within the surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) liquid phase growth apparatus; and    (2) semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of liquid phase growth apparatus.    Substrate (101)    Substrate support (102)    Melt (103)    Crucible (104)    Container (106)    Hydrogen inlet tube (107)    Growth furnace (109)    Electric furnace (110)    Gate valve (111)    Load lock room (112)
NOVELTY - The paste composition contains aluminum powder, organic substance vehicle and inorganic compound powder. The inorganic powder has melting, softening or decomposition temperature higher than the melting point of aluminum, and thermal expansion coefficient smaller than aluminum.    USE - For forming impurity layer or electrode layer on p-type silicon semiconductor substrate.    ADVANTAGE - Deformation of substrate after bake-processing is suppressed. The paste composition prevents generation of crack or curvature during manufacture of solar cell. The manufacturing yield of solar cell is improved, and manufacturing cost is reduced. Desired back surface field effect is achieved. Thin electrode layer is formed on substrate without the reducing application quantity of paste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inorganic powder is carbide, oxide, nitride or boride, preferably silicon oxide or aluminum oxide. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of a solar cell.    P-type silicon semiconductor substrate (1)    N-type impurity layer (2)    antireflective coating (3)    grid electrode (4)    electrode layer (5)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformation unit (2) is arranged in a main housing (10), to produce reformed gas using reformation raw material. A shielding wall (9) is arranged surrounding the housing, to shield radiant heat from the reformation unit.    USE - For fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The radiation of heat towards control unit is prevented by arrangement of shielding wall. Overheating of components is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    burner (1)    fuel reformation unit (2)    heat exchanger (4)    shielding wall (9)    main housing (10)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (1A) has pair of electrodes (3,6) between which barrier layer (8), electron carrying layer (4) and hole carrying layer (5) are formed. A binder is provided in the hole carrying layer by curing process.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The deterioration effect of the solar cell is reduced and photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar cell (1A)    substrate (2)    electrodes (3,6)    electron carrying layer (4)    hole carrying layer (5)    barrier layer (8)
NOVELTY - A hole carrying layer (5) containing binder hardened by heating/light, is sandwiched between the electrode (6) and pigment layer (D) formed over a barrier layer.    USE - For manufacturing optoelectric transducer (claimed) e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency, since deterioration of the transducer is minimized by tying up the pigment firmly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (2)    electrodes (3,6)    electron carrying layer (4)    hole carrying layer (5)    barrier layer (8)    pigment layer (D)
NOVELTY - A dopant diffusion barrier layer comprising titanium or silicon and surfactant covers the crystal grain boundary of the silicon substrate (10). A joining layer is formed by diffusion of dopant on the exposed side.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Joining layer with uniform depth is formed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline cross-sectional process drawing of the semiconductor joining layer manufacturing method.    semiconductor substrate (10)    step difference (11)
NOVELTY - The crystalline silicon semiconductor device consists of a base layer (3) formed on the substrate (2). A crystalline silicon layer (5b) is formed on the base layer, by heat processing the catalyst (4) introduced into amorphous silicon layer (5a).    USE - Crystalline silicon semiconductor device is used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The quantity of catalyst remaining in crystalline silicon is reduced by providing the base layer at lower portion of crystalline silicon layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of crystalline silicon semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional views explaining the semiconductor device manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (2)    Base layer (3)    Catalyst (4)    Amorphous silicon layer (5a)    Crystalline silicon layer (5b)
NOVELTY - A low concentration solution is obtained by dissolving 10-100 mg of hole transportation material comprising copper iodide and thiocyanic acid ion, in 10 ml of solvent. A hole carrying layer (5) is formed on a pigment layer (D) and a porous electron carrying layer (4), by applying the solution on the pigment layer.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell used in satellite and domestic application.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is manufactured easily, at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (1A)    Substrate (2)    Electrode (3)    Electron carrying layer (4)    Hole carrying layer (5)    Barrier layer (8)    Pigment layer (D)
NOVELTY - The sludge raw material is dissolved in an inert-gas atmosphere or pressure-reduced vacuum atmosphere. The 90 mass% or more of silicon and the silicon sludge having 90 mass% of less of moisture contents are the raw materials. The raw material is subjected to oxidation treatment and unidirectional-solidification processing, to remove impurity of waste silicon generated during manufacture of semiconductor.    USE - For purifying silicon generated during semiconductor which is used as a raw material for solar.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides high purity silicon from the sludge of the waste silicon and is simple and economical. The method purifies n-type and p-type silicon favorably.
NOVELTY - An amorphous carbon layer (12) whose structure changes on irradiation of krypton fluoride excimer-laser light, is formed on a nano carbon molecular layer (13) consisting of fullerene or carbon nano tube which is formed on a silicon substrate (14).    USE - Carbon group photoelectric element e.g. solar cell, is used in optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Since the generation of defect and mixing of impurity in the joint surface of nano carbon molecular layer and silicon substrate, are prevented, the quantum efficiency of the photoelectric element is enhanced. The photoelectric element is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of carbon group photoelectric element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a carbon group photoelectric element.    Amorphous carbon layer (12)    Nano carbon molecular layer (13)    Silicon substrate (14)
NOVELTY - A base layer (2) and a polysilicon thin film (3) are sequentially formed on a silicon substrate (1). A quartz substrate (4) is fixed on the polysilicon thin film to remove the thin film from the silicon substrate.    USE - Used in manufacture of semiconductor devices, e.g. solar cells, and semiconductor elements on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates and thin film transistors (TFT).    ADVANTAGE - A high-quality crystalline silicon layer is manufactured inexpensively as a silicon thin film with a quartz substrate is obtained easily due to the removal of a base layer after adhering the substrate on the crystalline layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining the manufacture of the silicon crystal thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon substrate (1)    Base layer (2)    Polysilicon thin-film (3)    Quartz substrate (4)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor contains nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring compound (1 or 2) in semiconductor surface.    USE - For photoelectric conversion material used for optoelectric transducer which is used in solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion material has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The semiconductor has high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor contains nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring compound of general formula (1 or 2) in semiconductor surface.    X1-X6,X21-X26 = oxygen, sulfur or selenium atom;    R1-R5 = substituent, R4 and/or R5 = carboxyl group;    R6-R9,R22,R23 = hydrogen atom or substituent;    L1,L2,L21,L22 = bivalent connection group;    x,y = 0-2;    R25 = optionally substituted alkyl;    R24,R26 = hydrogen, carboxyl or -PO3H2, R24 and/or R26 = -COOH group or -PO3H2 group;    R21 = electron attractive group; and    n = 1-4.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer comprising the semiconductor; and    (2) solar cell formed using optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of optoelectric transducer.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has an integrated water vapor modification reaction device and hydrogen separation-and-refinement device. The modification device has a cylinder (4) of hydrogen-permeation film consisting of a palladium alloy, as a hydrogen separation-and-refinement unit. A water vapor modification catalyst (6) is packed inside the cylinder and set as a steam-reforming unit.    USE - For producing hydrogen (claimed) used in metal heat-processing, glass melting, semiconductor manufacture, and optical-fiber manufacture, and as fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus efficiently produces hydrogen having a purity of 99% or more. The reactor and hydrogen separation-and-refinement device which carry out the steam reforming liquid hydrocarbons, are integrated. Thus, the apparatus is made compact. Since hydrogen is permeated through the hydrogen-permeation film and is extracted as a product during advancement of water vapor modification reaction, the reaction equilibrium progresses to the hydrogen production side, and efficiency is improved. The temperature distribution of hydrogen-permeation film is uniformly controlled by carrying out heat tracing, using permeated hydrogen as a heating medium. The required amount of heat can be uniformly supplied to the water vapor modification reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacture which involves introducing reformed gas of water, methanol or mixed vapor of dimethyl ether to the water vapor modification catalyst under pressurization, and carrying out transparent concentration of the produced hydrogen to the outer side of the hydrogen-permeation film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural drawing of the cylinder of hydrogen-permeation film, in the shape of a straight pipe.    raw material gas (1)    off gas (2)    product hydrogen (3)    cylinder (4)    water vapor modification catalyst (6)
NOVELTY - 1-4C lower hydrocarbon containing gas is contacted with a catalyst of H-beta type zeolite or H-ZSM-5 type zeolite supporting nickel, at 400-800 degrees C and hydrogen is obtained by the decomposition of the lower hydrocarbon.    USE - Used for the manufacture of hydrogen used in the chemical industry.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst containing H-beta or H-ZSM-5 type zeolite supporting nickel has high catalytic activity and does not deactivate. Decomposition of hydrocarbon is performed at high rate using the catalyst and hydrogen is manufactured efficiently.
NOVELTY - The liquid fuel cell has positive and negative electrode portions separated by an ion permeable diaphragm (8). Aqueous peroxide solution (9), which produce hydroxide ion, and alkaline aqueous solution (10) of metal hydrogen complex are respectively used as positive electrode liquid and negative electrode liquid.    USE - For generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel cell has high electromotive force. The reaction efficiency of the fuel cell is improved by controlling the supply conditions of the positive and negative electrode liquids.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the fuel cell.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative electrode (2)    Ion permeable diaphragm (8)    Aqueous solution of peroxide which produce hydroxide ion (9)    Alkaline aqueous solution of metal hydrogen complex (10)
NOVELTY - An anode (13) and a cathode (12) are arranged on the surfaces of a electrolyte (11). The aqueous methanol solution and methanol of higher concentration are stored in a fuel tank (2) and a methanol tank (3), respectively. The supply of methanol from the tank (3) to the tank (2) is controlled so that the concentration of aqueous methanol solution in the fuel tank becomes a preset value.    USE - For electric power unit of portable electronic devices such as computers.    ADVANTAGE - The methanol concentration in the fuel tank is maintained to the preset value, ensuring safety of the system. The volume efficiency of the fuel cell system is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The methanol aqueous solution and the oxidizing-agent gas are supplied to the cathode and the anode, respectively. The supply of methanol from the methanol tank to the fuel tank is controlled. The concentration of aqueous methanol solution in the fuel tank and the methanol tank are maintained in the range 1-20% and 20-60%, respectively. The volume of the methanol tank is more than the fuel tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the direct methanol type fuel cell system.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cell (1)    Fuel tank (2)    Methanol tank (3)    Electrolyte (11)    Cathode (12)    Anode (13)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer is formed on the electroconductive surface of a substrate. A pigment is adsorbed to the surface of the semiconductor layer, in the presence of condensing agent(s), and a semiconductor electrode is formed.    USE - For optoelectric transducer and for solar cell used as electric power unit of portable electronic device and polycrystalline silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacture of semiconductor electrode provides excellent adsorption efficiency, outstanding photoelectric conversion property and favorable transformation efficiency to optoelectric transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer having the semiconductor electrode.
NOVELTY - A porous hydrophilic membrane comprises an ionomer which is deposited on a porous inert support. The membrane has ionic conductivity in electrochemical cell and water permeability of more than 1 l/(h.m2.atm). The ionomer in amorphous form comprises acid form hydrophilic group.    USE - Such as proton exchange membrane for electrochemical cells and fuel cells (claimed), and occluded membrane is used as semi-permeable membrane for reverse osmosis. The partially occluded porous membrane is used for forming electrodes and separators for lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrophilic membrane has high water permeability, high conductivity in electrolytic cells, and improved proton exchange capability. The membrane having ionomer of low equivalent weight, has superior application efficiency. The membrane when used in the catalytic reactions, shows high catalytic activity and when the membrane is used in the electrochemical applications, shows high ionic exchange capability. The membranes are used at room temperature, and high and low temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for preparation of hydrophilic porous membrane which involves impregnating porous support in solution of ionomeric compound having fluorinated organic solvent at 15-40degreesC to form membrane. The membrane is thermally treated at 120-160degreesC to remove solvent, and to form transparent membrane. The membrane is treated with inorganic aqueous base alkali, and the functional groups are converted into hydrophilic groups. The obtained membrane is treated in aqueous inorganic strong acid to form (per)fluorinated ionomer in acid hydrophilic form. The obtained membrane is optionally treated with water at 50-100degreesC to remove excess ionomer.
NOVELTY - Gas generation system has autothermal reforming stage(s), catalytic burner, a mixer and a hydrogen separation module (2). Hydrogen separation module is downstream of reforming stage (3) and upstream of additional oxygen feed channel at mixer (7). Burner (6) is upstream of mixer and downstream of heat exchanger. The heated educt channel, in thermal contact with heat exchanger (9), is upstream to the reformer stage. During a cold start, higher volumes of fuel and air are fed to the burner.    USE - The assembly is for the generation of virtually pure hydrogen (H2) from a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative material e.g. CnHm, for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The energy fed to the gas generation system is independent of the geometrical structure of the components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic layout of the gas generation system.    hydrogen separation module (2)    reforming stage (3)    catalytic burner (6)    mixer (7)    housing (8)    heat exchanger (9)    fuel (F)    air (O2)
NOVELTY - Metal oxide-supported gold catalysts with a narrow Au cluster size distribution and high Au cluster dispersibility are obtained by: (i) drying moist Au/metal oxide catalyst precursors obtained by conventional co-precipitation, separation precipitation or impregnation; and (ii) reducing the dried precursor in the gas phase with hydrogen or carbon dioxide at at most 250 degrees C.    USE - Claimed uses of the catalysts are in carbon monoxide oxidation in reformer gases ('preferential oxidation' - PROX) (especially in selective low temperature CO oxidation in reformate H2 for PEM fuel cells), low-temperature water-gas shift (WGS) reactions (especially at below 150 degrees C), methanol synthesis, olefin epoxidation or total oxidation of CO, hydrocarbons or halogenated gases (volatile organic compounds - VOCs).    ADVANTAGE - The catalysts show increased activity and selectivity, especially for PROX and WGS reactions at low temperatures, while also having excellent long-life stability.
NOVELTY - System has a nozzle having a swirl chamber (19) into which a feed line (24) for a fuel centrally runs, and an inlet channel (18) running tangentially from which a nozzle outlet (23) exits. The swirl chamber comprises a tapering spiral channel into which the inlet channel for a gaseous medium, and a space (22) axially connected to it in the direction toward the nozzle outlet.    USE - Used for reacting fuel and air to form a reformate.    ADVANTAGE - The system is robust.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the swirl chamber.    Inlet channel (18)    Swirl chamber (19)    Space (22)    Nozzle outlet (23)    Fuel feed line (24)
NOVELTY - An execution unit replaces the gas containing hydrogen and oxygen remained in system, by combustion gas to burn original fuel and air. An air purge execution unit replaces the combustion gas with air inside the system.    USE - Reformation type fuel cell system for performing residual gas purge.    ADVANTAGE - Removes moisture content present in combustion gas, as the system is maintained at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for residual gas purge method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the reformation type fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    fuel modifier (1)    fuel injection valve (2)    water injection valve (3)    fuel cell (6)    humidifier (7)
NOVELTY - A shut-off valve (51) between an evaporation mixing portion (50) and a modifier supplies raw material hydrogen gas to a modifier (60), when the temperature of the mixed gas reaches a predetermined temperature during the starting of fuel cell system.    USE - For use in fuel cell system, for internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - The reformation efficiency of the steam reforming during the supply of raw material to the modifier is maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen generation apparatus for use in the above method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the above fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporation mixing portion (50)    shut-off valve (51)    modifier (60)
NOVELTY - Nickel group alloy contains (in mass %) carbon (0.1 or less), silicon (1 or less), manganese (2 or less), chromium (12-32), iron (20 or less), titanium (0.05 or less), aluminum (0.03-0.5), magnesium (0.001-0.05), rare earth elements (0.2 or less), yttrium (0.3 or less), scandium (0.2 or less), hafnium (0.3 or less), zirconium (0.4 or less). and nickel and impurities including phosphorus, lead, bismuth, antimony, arsenic and tin the remainder.    USE - For components used in high oxidizing atmosphere and high temperature environment, for components of electrical power installation, autoparts, electrodes for spark plugs, and components of heat processing furnaces, fuel cells and gas turbine nozzles.    ADVANTAGE - The nickel group alloy has excellent high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature ductility. The formation of oxide and sulfide of rare earth elements, yttrium, scandium, hafnium and zirconium is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ratio of magnesium and sulfur (an impurity) (Mg/S) is 1 or more. The total amount of impurities in the composition is 0.01 mass% or less including phosphorus (0.005 or less), lead (0.001 or less), bismuth (0.0002 or less), antimony (0.001 or less), arsenic (0.005 or less) and tin (0.005 or less). The composition satisfies following relation:    (0.1 x Si + 0.1 x Mn + 0.2 x Al + 2 x Mg + rare earth elements + Y + Sc + Hf + Zr)/(O + 2S) at least 10.
NOVELTY - The laminate component comprises a base material and inorganic-organic hybrid polymer layers. The organic polymer is formed by polymerization of a compound containing ionizing radiation hardenable monomer with hydrogen bond formation group and an oligomer. The polymer has an inorganic metallic oxide backbone.    USE - For electronic components, for packing food/beverage products, pharmaceuticals, solar cell, polymer battery, liquid crystal film and organic electroluminescence element.    ADVANTAGE - The laminate has excellent gas barrier property and transparency. The inorganic-organic hybrid polymer layers are uniformly formed without separation of layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of the laminate component.
NOVELTY - Ion conducting membranes for electrochemical applications, especially fuel cells, and based on aromatic polyimide- or copolyimide polymers containing units which can be the same or different are new.    USE - The membrane is useful for electrochemical applications, especially for fuel cells (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The membrane avoids some drawbacks of previous membranes, e.g. high cost of Nanion membranes, and the decline in proton conductivity of these membranes at temperatures above 100 degrees C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ion conducting membranes for electrochemical applications, especially fuel cells, and based on aromatic polyimide- or copolyimide polymers containing units which can be the same or different and of formula (I).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) preparation of the membrane by direct reaction of a diamine, diaminopyridine, and/or diaminopyrimidine with naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, a bis-(nahthalenic acid anhydride) and/or a diacid-dialkyl ester or diacyl chloride-dialkylester derivative of this dianhydride; and    (2) preparation of the membrane by cast-blocking (sic) of polyimide- or copolyimide polymer.    B = at least one optionally substituted heterocyclic compound of formula (II);    R = H, phenyl, a phosphonic acid group or at least one chain containing a phosphonic acid group; and    A = one of naphthalene containing groups of formula (III), and forms 6-atom rings with the adjacent imide groups.
NOVELTY - The ceramic composite nanostructure mainly comprises polyvalent metal oxides. The maximum diameter of the minor-axis cross-section is 500 nm or less, and the nanostructure includes multiple polyvalent metal elements.    USE - Used for electronic, optical, magnetic or semiconductor nano-devices, such as an optical catalyst, opto-electric transducer or a dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The characteristics and functionality are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The structure may comprise a columnar body which is open at one or both ends, or closed at both ends. The length of the major axis of the columnar body is at least three times that of the maximum cross-sectional diameter.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a composition containing a ceramic composite nanostructure;    (2) the manufacture of a ceramic composite nanostructure;    (3) a ceramic nanostructure; and    (4) a functional product comprising a nano-tube or nano-wire.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the ceramic composite nanostructure.
NOVELTY - Silicon purification comprises maintaining silicon containing impurities and slag in a melt state, and stirring.    USE - The purified silicon is used as a silicon raw material for e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Silicon of about 6N purity is produced efficiently and inexpensively. Boron is efficiently removed from fused silicon by adding the slag.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a slag for silicon purification containing at least 45 weight% silicon dioxide; and    (2) the purified silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a device for the method.    Melt furnace (1)    Crucible (2)    Electromagnetic induction heating device (3)    Treatment gas introduction passage (4)    Shaft (5)    Stirring part (6)    Blowing port (7)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer to produce a hydrogen-containing gas for use in a fuel cell stack; and an emulsion composition being fed to the reformer at start-up. The composition comprises at least 40 wt.% hydrocarbon, 30-60 wt.% water and 0.01-5 wt.% surfactant. The surfactant is alkyl polyglycerol monoester and/or alkyl polyglycerol diester.    USE - As a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Using an emulsion at start-up achieves a well-mixed water/fuel injection. This improves the efficiency of start-up of the reformer. The fuel-water mixture can be sprayed into the reformer. The composition has the ability to form emulsions at low shear. The surfactants have the ability to decompose at temperatures below 700degreesC. The viscosity of the emulsion is such that it is easily pumpable. The emulsion viscosity decreases with decreasing temperature. The emulsion is stable to freeze thaw cycles at -54 - +50degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer to produce a hydrogen-containing gas for use in a fuel cell stack; and an emulsion composition being fed to the reformer at start-up. The composition comprises at least 40 wt.% hydrocarbon, 30-60 wt.% water and 0.01-5 wt.% surfactant. The surfactant is alkyl polyglycerol monoester of formula R-CO-O-CH2-CHOH-CHOH-(CHOH-CHOH-CHOH)n-CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH and/or alkyl polyglycerol diester of formula R-CO-O-CH2-CHOH-CHOH-(CHOH-CHOH-CHOH)n-CHOH-CHOH-CH2-O-CO-R.    R = 2-26C alkyl; and    n = 0-15.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method to prepare a bi-continuous emulsion by mixing at an energy of 0.15x10-5 - 0.15x10-3 kW/liter of fluid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of a fuel cell system wherein a start-up system is operably connected to a reformer.
NOVELTY - Production of polymeric compounds comprises producing a polymer having reactive groups by polymerizing at least 1 aromatic monomer having mutually reactive functional groups, and reacting polymer produced with a compound having other reactive groups which produce a bond by reacting with the reactive groups.    USE - The polymer compound is used as a light-emitting material for polymeric LEDs, charge transporting materials, dyes for lasers, materials for organic solar cells, organic semiconductors for organic transistors, materials for conductive thin films etc.    ADVANTAGE - Polymer compounds having aromatic rings in the main chain and having substituents having a complex structure in the side chain of the aromatic ring are produced simply and easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of polymeric compounds comprises:    (i) producing a polymer having reactive groups Y by polymerizing at least 1 monomer of formula X1-Ar1-X2 (I) under conditions which produce a bond by reacting X1 and X2; and    (ii) reacting the polymer having reactive groups Y and a compound having reactive groups Z which produce a bond by reacting with reactive groups Y.    X1-2 = reactive groups which produce a bond by mutual reaction;    Ar1 = arylene group, divalent heterocyclic group or divalent aromatic amine group which has at least1 reactive group Y;    Y = a reactive group formed by reaction with X1 and X2.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the polymer compound having reactive groups Y.
NOVELTY - A polymer gel hybrid solar cell for large area devices comprises polymer gel electrolyte containing a polymer selected from homopolymers and copolymers.    USE - Polymer gel hybrid solar cell for large area devices.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high energy conversion efficiency, and can be formed into a variety of shapes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic structure of a hybrid solar cell having I-/I-3 as redox couple and titanium dioxide layer as electron transport layer.
NOVELTY - A fuel cartridge consists of a fuel reservoir (102), a reaction chamber (104), an open region connecting the fuel reservoir to the reaction chamber, and a passive structure located within the open region to resist fluid flow from the fuel reservoir to the reaction chamber.    USE - For use with fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cartridge obviates the need to store compressed gaseous fuel, and provides higher level of safety and energy density than conventional fuel cartridges.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of controlling the flow of reactant to a reaction chamber by preventing the flow of reactant with a passive structure, and creating sufficient pressure gradient across the passive structure to cause the reactant to flow past the passive structure to the reaction chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a plan sectional view of the inventive fuel cartridge.    Fuel reservoir (102)    Reaction chamber (104)    Byproduct reservoir (106)    Cartridge housing (112)    Porous structure (128)
NOVELTY - The electrode-membrane assembly (1) has a thermoplastic resin membrane (4) interposed between a pair of electrodes (2, 3) at least one of which is porous. The thermoplastic resin membrane has functional group capable of being modified to a free ion exchange group upon hydrolysis, and partly penetrates into the pores of the electrode.    USE - As high performance electrode for electrochemical devices e.g. fuel cell and zero-gap type electrolytic cell used for salt electrolysis.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode-membrane assembly exhibits sufficient strength, ion exchange capability, film forming property and low resistivity as a whole even when made of a material having an insufficient physical strength. The thermoplastic resin having functional group which can be modified to sulfonic acid group or phosphonic acid group exhibits high elasticity and thus can be easily mechanically deformed and worked to show excellent stretchability and flexibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell;    (2) zero-gap type electrolytic cell; and    (3) preparation of electrode-membrane assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded front view of fuel cell having electrode-membrane assembly.    Electrode-membrane assembly (1)    Electrodes (2,3)    Thermoplastic resin membrane (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system consists of a fuel gas supply; a fuel cell comprising an electrode connected with the fuel gas supply; an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode (140), an anode (130) connected with the fuel gas supply and fuel cell electrode, and an electrolyte (150) connected with the cathode and anode; and a device connected with the anode and cathode to vary the potential of anode relative to the cathode.    USE - For use as fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell and the device reduce an amount of carbon monoxide that enters the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for treatment of gas flow in a fuel cell system by contacting an anode of electrochemical cell with an inlet gas stream, and charging the potential of the anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a carbon monoxide filter.    Membrane electrode assembly (120)    Anode (130)    Cathode (140)    Electrolyte (150)    First and second gas diffusion layers (190, 200)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has: (a) an electrolyte between two flow field plates; (b) catalytic electrodes on two opposite electrolyte faces to promote dissociation of a fuel at the first electrolyte face and formation of water at the second electrolyte face; and (c) a system to deliver a gaseous fuel through the first plate to the first electrolyte face. The system has an array of nanotubes to discharge the fuel into contact with the catalyst on the first electrolyte face.    USE - Used as a fuel cell e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Increased overall performance and high current densities, and yields better gas conversion efficiencies.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged partial view of a gas diffusion layer.    Gas diffusion layer (85)    Gas diffusion layer material (86)    Nanotubes (94)
NOVELTY - A gas supply (111) supplies hot reformation gas containing hydrogen into the circular evaporation unit (12) whose flow path length is greater than the evaporation time of the injected fuel. The heat energy from the supplied gas, evaporates the injected fuel.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Evaporates the whole quantity of injected fuel, by supplying hot gas along flow path length. Thereby, easily evaporates the fuel using a simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the evaporator.    evaporator (10)    circular evaporation unit (12)    gas supply (111)    fuel injector (112)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor is formed from the single crystal material with pn junction. The series of spherules (1-7) are formed with outer diameter 5-20 mm.    USE - E.g. semiconductor spherule for integrated circuits like large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit, solar cell and light emitting element.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming semiconductor spherules of arbitrary thickness easily hence utilization efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for ball shaped semiconductor manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the external view and longitudinal cross sectional view of the semiconductor spherule array.    spherules (1-7)
NOVELTY - A nitride semiconductor element comprises: (1) an active layer (12) between a p-type layer (13) having a p-type clad layer (30) and an n-type layer (11) having an n-type clad layer (25); (2) a nitride semiconductor layer (31) comprising a nitride semiconductor with a preset mixed crystal ratio, between layers (11, 12); and (3) a nitride semiconductor layer (32) having a preset mixed crystal ratio provided between layers (30, 12).    USE - Used as light emitting elements such as light emitting diode elements and laser diode elements and light receiving elements such as super-photoluminescence diodes, solar cells and optical sensors, and for electronic devices such as transistors and power devices.    ADVANTAGE - The nitride semiconductor element restrains a threshold electric current to a lower value in the long wavelength region, and has good end face property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The nitride semiconductor element comprises:    (1) an active layer (12) between a p-type layer (13) having a p-type clad layer (30) and an n-type layer (11) having an n-type clad layer (25);    (2) a nitride semiconductor layer (31) comprising a nitride semiconductor with a mixed crystal ratio greater than 0, provided between the layers (11,12); and    (3) a nitride semiconductor layer (32) having a mixed crystal ratio which is greater than that of layer (31), provided between the layers (30,12).    The layer (12) comprises a nitride semiconductor containing indium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional drawing of nitride semiconductor element.    n-type layer (11)    Active layer (12)    p-type layer (13)    n-type clad layer (25)    p-type clad layer (30)    Nitride semiconductor layers (31,32)
NOVELTY - Cooling devices (106,108) cool a nuclear reactor (102). A membrane reformer (104) receives heat from the liquid metal flowing within the cooling device and manufactures hydrogen.    USE - Nuclear energy utilization apparatus for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Manufactures hydrogen easily with a simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the nuclear energy utilization apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    nuclear reactor (102)    membrane reformer (104)    cooling devices (106,108)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material contains magnesium (1) and crystalline region (X) with nearest-neighbor interatomic distance smaller than magnesium metal. 7 weight parts or more of hydrogen is occluded at 300 degrees Celsius or less or discharged. The hydrogen storage material optionally contains a metal (M) along with magnesium.    USE - For hydrogen generator (claimed) used for fuel cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material enables to produce high capacity and volume hydrogen generator. The storage material discharges hydrogen efficiently at 300 Degrees Celsius or less, and at low voltage and pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacturing method; and    (2) hydrogen generator    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of hydrogen storage material.    magnesium (1)
NOVELTY - The compression molded product (1) is obtained by mixing metal hydrogen complex powder(s) and thermoplastic resin powder (1) followed by compression casting.    USE - For generation of hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The compression-molded product when made to contact with acidic water, generated lot of hydrogen efficiently in short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The compression molded product is obtained by mixing metal hydrogen complex powder(s) and thermoplastic resin powder followed by compression casting. The metal hydrogen complex powder is of formula M'M'H4-nRn or M(M'H4-nRn)2, where M' is an alkali metal, M is an alkaline earth metal or zinc, M' is boron, aluminum or gallium, R is alkyl, alkoxy or acyloxy and n is 0-3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen generation method using the compression molded product; and    (2) hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of the hydrogen generator.    fuel rod of thermoplastic-resin powder and metal hydrogen complex powder (1)
NOVELTY - An air electrode (13) and a hydrogen pole (14) emits exhaust gases containing oxygen and hydrogen, respectively. The structure of a catalyst holder (22) changes corresponding to the distribution of hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gases.    USE - For fuel cell used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures safe processing hydrogen in the exhaust gas emitted from a fuel cell rapidly .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the emission hydrogen processing apparatus in the fuel-cell system.    air electrode (13)    hydrogen pole (14)    catalyst holder (22)
NOVELTY - An oxygen ionization electrode (3) and a hydrogen ionization electrode (6) are formed on either sides of a hydrogen ion permeable layer (1). The oxygen capture layer (8) comprising oxygen defect magnetite is formed on the porous electrode (3). Supporting structures (4, 7) are provided so that paths (4a, 7a) are formed for the flow of carbon dioxide and hydrogen towards the electrodes.    USE - Carbon dioxide decomposition device for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon dioxide is efficiently decomposed without generating any harmful gases or chemicals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the carbon-dioxide decomposition device.    Hydrogen-ion permeable layer (1)    1st insulating layer (2)    Oxygen ionization electrode (3)    Supporting structures (4, 7)    Paths (4a, 7a)    2nd insulating layer (5)    Hydrogen ionization electrode (6)    Oxygen capture layer (8)
NOVELTY - A judging unit judges the warming-up state of the reactors (21, 22). Based on the judgment result, a gas flow path switching unit switches the gas flow path for supplying gas to specific reactor through a bypass flow path (77), until the predetermined warming-up state is reached.    USE - Fuel reformer for fuel cell system (claimed) mounted in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces warming-up time of the fuel reformer, by enabling proper gas flow path switching without being influenced by temperature rise in the reactors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a fuel reformer warming-up method; and    (2) a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the modifier and the shifter in fuel cell system.    Reactors (21,22)    Bypass flow path (77)
NOVELTY - A cooling unit (33) is provided at the upper side of a catalyst layer (31) covered by a heat insulation layer. The cooling unit cools the reformed gas flowing into the catalyst layer, so that exit temperature of the catalyst layer is less than side-reaction generation temperature.    USE - For fuel-cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents formation of hot spot and cold spot in the catalyst layer and suppresses side reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Catalyst layer (31)    Cooling unit (33)
NOVELTY - The fuel storage equipment consists of cylindrical tanks (1) which hold the hydrogen occlusion object (5).    USE - For storing hydrogen used as fuel in a fuel cell in electric power generating device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The occlusion capacity of hydrogen is easily altered according to the occlusion capacity made necessary by combining the required number of basic units, since a cylindrical tank which holds a hydrogen occlusion object is set as the basic unit. The need for design change is eliminated by making each cylindrical tank, normalized and standardized. The operation for an exchange and recycling of the hydrogen occlusion object can also be smoothly performed by normalizing each tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an electric power generating device; and    (2) an electric equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline cross-sectional diagram of the mounting structure of fuel storage cartridges in the fuel storage equipment.    cylindrical tanks (1)    hydrogen occlusion object (5)
NOVELTY - An injection nozzle (42) sprays a catalyst activity agent in the form of fog to the surface of a metal supported catalyst (41) in a reactor (4). The reactor is supplied with hydrogen storage material containing aromatic compound. A recovering unit (8) recovers liquefied hydrogen storage material from a vapor-liquid condenser (51).    USE - For fuel cell systems used in residences.    ADVANTAGE - As the catalyst activity agent is introduced on the surface of the metal supported catalyst, the impurity adhering to the surface of the catalyst is removed. The fuel cell system responds rapidly to the load fluctuation of the electric power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an schematic view of the structure of the hydrogen storage and supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reactor (4)    recovering unit (8)    metal supported catalyst (41)    injection nozzle (42)    vapor-liquid condenser (51)
NOVELTY - A judging unit (5) judges necessary hydrogen manufacture amount by comparing present time information and calendar information. A manufacturing unit (11) manufactures hydrogen based on judgment result. A storage unit (13) stores manufactured hydrogen. A fuel cell electric power generator (15) generates electricity using stored hydrogen.    USE - For domestic and industrial applications.    ADVANTAGE - Generates electricity by fuel cell and material unit is made to decrease.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electric power generation method; and    (2) electric power generation program.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    judging unit (5)    manufacturing unit (11)    storage unit (13)    fuel cell electric power generator (15)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material powder (Ph) is packed in a storage container (3) after hydrogen storage, by introducing fluid (F1) containing powder and a gas (g) to container. Subsequently, gas is ejected and powder (Ph) is retained. Powder (Ph) after hydrogen discharge, is ejected from container, and new powder (Ph) is packed after hydrogen storage to container, thereby storing hydrogen.    USE - For storing hydrogen used for vehicles having fuel cell (claimed) such as motor vehicles and rail vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage method is easy and economical, and increases the hydrogen quantity to be stored, and provides the exchange of hydrogen storage material powder. The hydrogen gas used in the method does not produce any fault even if it remains in the hydrogen storage container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen storage material powder (Ph) is packed in a hydrogen storage container (3) after hydrogen storage, by introducing a fluid (F1) containing powder (Ph) and a gas (g) to the container. Subsequently, the gas is ejected and the powder (Ph) is retained in the container. The powder (Ph) after hydrogen discharge, is ejected from the container, and new powder (Ph) is packed after hydrogen storage in the container, thereby storing hydrogen. The gas is hydrogen. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen storage container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the packing process of hydrogen storage material powder.    hydrogen storage container (3)    hydrogen storage material powder (Ph)    gas (g)    fluid (F1)
NOVELTY - The fluid (F1) consisting of hydrogen storage material powder (Ph) and liquid (L), is introduced into container (3). The material powder is filled in the container after hydrogen storage, and the powder is ejected from the container after hydrogen discharge. By ejecting the liquid from the container, the material powder is retained in container, and the process is repeated to store hydrogen.    USE - For motor vehicle equipped with fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage method provides rapid filling of hydrogen with large quantity, and is simple and economic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen storage container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of packing of hydrogen storage material powder.    fluid (F1)    hydrogen storage material powder (Ph)    liquid (L)    hydrogen storage container (3)
NOVELTY - The desulfurizing agent contains a zeolite group support and active metal catalyst on the support. The desulfurizing agent absorbs and removes sulfur compounds from heating gas containing sulfur compound.    USE - For removing sulfur compound in heating gas, and fuel-cell electric power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizing agent absorbs and removes high order of sulfur compound at -20 degreesC to 300 degreesC. The sulfur compound in the heating gas is removed efficiently. The heating gas is reformed efficiently above 400 degreesC for prolonged period to form hydrogen, and electricity is efficiently generated from the obtained hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The zeolite group support is a crystalline silicate of chemical formula, (1+/-0.8)R2O(aM2O3.bLO.cAl2O3)ySiO2, where R is an alkali metal or hydrogen, M is titanium, vanadium, chromium, niobium, antimony, gallium or barium, 0 at most a, 0 at most b at most 20, a+b = 1 and 11 at most y at most 3000. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell electric power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell electric power generation system which uses the desulfurizing agent. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The formation of hydrogen involves methane supplying processing and water vapor supply processing alternately in a catalyst layer. The methane and water vapor supply process contains methane gas water vapor gas respectively. The catalyst layer comprises a methane catalyst and unfixed ratio metallic oxide.    USE - As a fuel cell for electric motor vehicles that use solid polymer-film type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The formation of high efficiency hydrogen is obtained. Carbonaceous precipitate and by-product of carbon monoxide are suppressed efficiently during thermal decomposition of methane, and the formation apparatus is compact.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst involves supporting a metallic compound containing at least one type of active metal chosen from platinum, ruthenium and iridium in the state of a positive ion on a zeolite carrier which has a cation exchanger.    USE - For manufacture of a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst for selective removal of carbon monoxide by oxidation in a heating gas which contains hydrogen gas as a main component, used for fuel-cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is excellent in durability, activity and selectivity. The catalyst helps in the selective removal of carbon monoxide which is poisoning material of the fuel cell and enables formation of heating gas with low carbon monoxide concentration.
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer comprises an oxide semiconductor microparticle which is sensitized using a pigment having a chlorosulfonic acid group except quinopthalone.    USE - For solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell using the optoelectric transducer has sufficiently high conversion efficiency and low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxide semiconductor microparticle contains mainly titanium dioxide.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the solar cell.
NOVELTY - Process for preparing photovoltaic quality silicon comprises: oxygen or chlorine refining giving a product with less than 100 ppm of iron, re-melting in a neutral atmosphere in electrical crucible furnace, transfer of molten silicon to plasma refining in crucible furnace; refining under plasma with a plasmagenic gas; and pouring into ingot-mold under controlled atmosphere by segregated solidification.    USE - The silicon obtained is of a purity suitable for use in solar panels and also in the preparation of photovoltaic silicon.    ADVANTAGE - The impurity content of the product obtained is at a level which is acceptable for the applications required and at a competitive cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the purified silicon obtained.
NOVELTY - High-temperature-resistant adhesive based on water glass comprises boron nitride as an additive.    USE - Used for gluing flat substrates, especially metal and/or ceramic substrates.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive does not lose its gas-tightness and electrical insulating property at high operating temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Process for gluing flat metal substrates using the above adhesive; and    (2) Fuel cell consisting of several metal layers glued together.    Preferred Features: The adhesive contains 1-40 wt. %,, preferably 7-25 wt.% boron nitride referred to the dry weight. The boron nitride is present in particle form with a mean particle size of 1-10 microns.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded perspective view of a high temperature fuel cell.    Fuel cell unit (114)    Cathode/anode/electrolyte unit (116)    Contact plate (118)    Fluid guiding chamber (120)    Connecting flange (192)    Support element (200)
NOVELTY - Preparation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell electrode catalyst involves using solvent that is one or several kinds selected from dihydride alcohol and trihydric alcohol of C2 to C8 or its aqueous solution, in which the water content is 0-95%. Its preparation involves: preparing solution, mixing, regulating pH value of mixed solution to basic property, heating to make reduction and using hydrochloric acid solution to regulate pH value to acidic property, to obtain the loaded catalyst. Its metal content can be up to 90%.    USE - As proton-exchange membrane fuel cell electrode catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - by that said preparation process is implemented in same solvent system, and the solvent has the action of reducing agent, dispersing agent and protecting agent.
NOVELTY - The thin-film solar cell (20) comprises an I-type microcrystalline silicon layer (13) whose oxygen concentration is 4 x 10 Power 18 cm(-3), upon satisfying the condition 700 at most Tsub x Ic Ia approximately 1600, where Ic and Ia are peak intensities of signal attributed to crystal and amorphous components, Tsub is substrate temperature measured by Raman scattering measurement process.    USE - Thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - By forming I-type microcrystalline silicon layer under specified conditions, a thin-film solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film solar cell production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the thin-film solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    I-type microcrystalline silicon layer (13)    thin-film solar cell (20)    incident light (A)
NOVELTY - The method involves forming a precursor film on the back electrode of a compound semiconductor thin film solar cell and forming a CIGS light absorbing layer by heat treating in a selenium (Se) atmosphere. After immersing the back electrode in an aqueous solution containing alkali metal, it is dried and an alkali layer is formed on the back electrode. A precursor layer is formed on the alkali layer and heat treatment is carried out in a Se atmosphere.    USE - Thin film solar cell with Cu(In+Ga)Se2 thin film.    ADVANTAGE - Improved energy conversion efficiency. Can be manufactured using simple processes without deterioration or separation problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The precursor film may be formed as a stacked structure comprising an indium (In) layer and a copper-gallium (Cu-Ga) alloy layer by sputtering using an In target and a Cu-Ga alloy target respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a light absorbing layer formed by stacking precursors on an alkali layer.
NOVELTY - A gas pressure adjustment device comprises a first electrode decomposing gas into ions, a second electrode to transforming ions to gas again, electrochemical cells comprising ion conductors sandwiched between the electrodes and a high voltage container located at one side of the cells.    USE - Used in pressure reducing devices, electrochemical devices, and gas storage devices.    ADVANTAGE - The device reduces the noise and friction to gas regulators.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) an electrochemical device using the above device;    (ii) a gas storage apparatus using the device; and    (iii) gas pressure adjustment using the device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the device.    First electrode (1)    Second electrode (2)    Proton conductor (3)    Electrochemical cell (4)    High voltage container (5)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system comprises a controller functioning to supply a lean combustion gas from a burner to a reformer during a warm-up operation, and when the warm-up operation of the reformer is complete, supply the nonflammable fluid from the nonflammable fluid supply apparatus to the reformer, and then supply a rich raw fuel gas to the reformer to start fuel reforming.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed), e.g. vehicle fuel cell power plant systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents air-fuel mixture of stoichiometric air-fuel ratio from being within each reactor of a fuel cell system, when there is a change-over of the reforming system from warm-up to reforming. The catalyst in a fuel reforming system is effectively protected; and the reliability of the fuel reforming system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reforming system comprises:    (A) a reformer, which produces a reformate gas from a rich raw fuel gas during a reforming operation;    (B) a burner (1), which produces a lean combustion gas, and supplies the lean combustion gas to the reformer during a warm-up operation;    (C) a nonflammable fluid supply apparatus, which supplies a nonflammable fluid other than fuel and air to the reformer; and    (D) a controller functioning to:    (i) supply the lean combustion gas from the burner to the reformer during the warm-up operation;    (ii) when the warm-up operation of the reformer is complete, supply the nonflammable fluid from the nonflammable fluid supply apparatus to the reformer; and    (iii) supply the rich raw fuel gas to the reformer to start fuel reforming.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system having the fuel reforming system, comprising a fuel cell to which the reformate gas is supplied by the fuel reforming system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of a fuel cell system.    Burner (1)    Reactor (2)    Sensor (18, 19, 20)
NOVELTY - Generating electricity using a biological system comprising: (a) providing an electrochemical fuel cell system comprising an anode compartment (I) and a cathode compartment (II); (b) placing an anolyte having neutral red and a biological catalyst in (I); (c) placing a catholyte in (II); and (d) allowing the neutral red-mediated conversion of chemical reducing power to electricity, is new.    USE - The biological electrochemical fuel cell system comprising neutral red and a biological catalyst allows the interconversion of biochemical reducing power (e.g. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), biological energy (adenosine triphosphate) and electrical energy in an electrochemical bioreactor or fuel cell for the generation of electricity (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The biological electrochemical fuel cell system is economical in promoting cell growth or production of desired products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generating electricity using a biological system comprising:    (a) providing an electrochemical fuel cell system comprising an anode compartment (I) and a cathode compartment (II) separated by a cation-selective membrane, where each compartment is equipped with an electrode, where the electrodes are connected by a wire to a multimeter;    (b) placing an anolyte in (I), where the anolyte comprises a suitable concentration of neutral red and a biological catalyst selected from resting cells, growing cells, and/or anaerobic sludge comprising cells (I);    (c) placing a catholyte in (II); and    (d) allowing the neutral red-mediated conversion of chemical reducing power to electricity, is new.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) detection of the presence of a specific organic or inorganic test compound in a sample; and    (2) measuring the chemical oxygen demand in waste water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a microbial fuel cell using neutral red as an electronophore.
NOVELTY - Fluid dispenser/electrochemical cell combination includes fluid dispenser comprising a reservoir with a dispensing mechanism requiring electric current to dispense a fluid from reservoir, and an electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte between anode and cathode, which are coupled across dispensing mechanism to provide current flow through dispensing mechanism by chemical conversion of fluid.    USE - The combination is used for dispensing a fluid useful as a cleaning fluid or a disinfectant solution for a hygienic or medical use (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system is capable of chemically converting a component of the fluid to generate electrical current to dispense the fluid, thus reducing or eliminating the need for batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a dispensing apparatus with a secondary reservoir.    Reservoir (10, 110)    Fluid (11, 111)    Electrodes (16, 20)    Electrolyte (18)    Pump (34, 134)
NOVELTY - A fuel gas for a fuel cell, comprises a reaction gas that is supplied to a fuel cell and produces electricity by a chemical reaction. An odorant is added to the reaction gas. It is non-poisonous to an electrode catalyst and an electrolyte in the fuel cell, and dissolves in water so that an odor disappears.    USE - For a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention adds odor to fuel gas without poisoning an electrode catalyst and an electrolyte, and prevents the odor from remaining in an exhaust gas emitted from the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The methanol concentration in an aqueous solution of a direct methanol fuel cell is sensed by transmitting infrared light through a fuel sample and a reference liquid; receiving the infrared light that is not absorbed by the fuel sample and reference liquid by first and second detectors; outputting a signal based upon the received infrared light; and processing the signal with a processor to determine the concentration of methanol in the fuel cell.    USE - Used for flow-through infrared sensing the concentration of methanol in the aqueous solution of a direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides an accurate real-time measurement of the concentration of a compound of interest in aqueous solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a flow-through infrared sensor system comprising an infrared source for transmitting infrared light through a fuel sample, first and second infrared detectors, a signal output mechanism for outputting a signal based on the received infrared light, and a processor for processing the signal to determine the concentration of methanol in the fuel sample; and    (b) a window-type infrared sensor system comprising a container having a fuel sample; a window-type infrared sensor comprising first and second openings, a reflective medium, and window surface and a wall opposite the window surface, and coupled to the container so that the window surface is in contact with the fuel sample; an infrared light source for transmitting light through the openings into the reflectance crystal medium against the window surface; infrared detector; signal outputting mechanism; and a processor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a labeled diagram of the fuel circulation process having a first type of infrared sensing.
NOVELTY - Producing metal oxide semiconductor thin film comprises adhering a mixed solution to a substrate (1), and decomposing and/or oxidizing the organometal (2). The mixed solution contains organometal with oxygen atom, and solvent. The organometal is oxidized by heat treatment at a specified temperature.    USE - For producing metal oxide semiconductor thin film useful in making semiconductor devices, light-emitting mechanism, and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Inexpensive manufacture and in high volume.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is an overview of sol-gel process.    Substrate (1)    Organometal (2)    Heater (3)    Mixed solution film (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack assembly has plates with grooves for accommodating gaskets to provide seals between individual fuel cell plates to prevent leakage of gases and liquids for operation of the assembly. The grooves in each plate have a circular or an elliptical profile. A gasket of sealing material between plates has a profile corresponding to that of the grooves (28, 30, 34, 36).    USE - Used as fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The groove profile minimizes stress concentrations in fuel cells and fuel cell stacks, especially for commercial and residential market applications; and enhances the mechanical strength of fuel cell plates over state of the art groove profiles. The optimizes the stress in the fuel cell plate and elastomeric seal to the point of providing better sealing properties and a longer life. Tolerance requirements for the grooves for seals can be relaxed. The method prevents leakage of gases and liquids required for operation of the individual fuels, minimizes contact resistance, and provides minimum electrical resistance of the individual fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a pictorial representation in cross section through part of a fuel cell stack.    Gasket (10)    Plates (22, 24)    Grooves (28, 30, 34, 36)
NOVELTY - A temperature detector (11) provided below reformation catalyst (7), detects the gas temperature at the downstream side of a reformation unit (6a). A control unit (17) determines deterioration of the reformation catalyst, based on detected temperature.    USE - To determine deterioration of reformation catalyst used in hydrogen preparation apparatus (claimed) for fuel-cell co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Determines the deterioration of reformation catalyst, using a simple apparatus, without using complicated sensors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen preparation apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen preparation apparatus. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Reformation unit (6a)    Reformation catalyst (7)    Cooling fan (9)    Temperature detectors (11,15)    Purification unit (12)    Control unit (17)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon-containing raw material and air transduced into a modification reaction unit (31), are partially oxidized. Water is sprayed into a mixing unit (32), so that high temperature gas from the unit (31) evaporates the water. The gas and water vapor mixture is transduced into a shift reaction unit (33).    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for complicated fuel injection equipment or apparatus for evaporating water. Reliably prevents reduction of hydrogen production amount, as the temperature of partially oxidized gas is reduced. Eliminates the need for a heat exchanger to cool the high temperature gas from modification reaction unit, thereby size reduction is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification reaction unit (31)    mixing unit (32)    shift reaction unit (33)    air injection valve (43)    gas extraction route (46)
NOVELTY - An evaporator (4) supplies water vapor of temperature under catalyst activation temperature to a modification catalyst layer (11) and a pure hydrogen layer (10) to purge hydrogen, so that temperature of a hydrogen separation membrane (12) is below preset value, when stopping the reactor. The air is supplied to the catalyst layer, when its temperature is below catalyst activation temperature, to purge moisture content.    USE - For generating reformed hydrogen gas used as fuel for fuel cell system in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the water vapor is supplied to purge hydrogen, to maintain temperature of separation membrane below preset value, a nitrogen gas storage is made necessary to purge the hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the fuel cell system incorporating the film reactor system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    water evaporator (4)    gasoline evaporator (5)    film reactor (9)    pure hydrogen layer (10)    modification catalyst layer (11)    hydrogen separation membrane (12)    compressor (23)    controller (37)
NOVELTY - A roller bearing apparatus includes ball bearings (4, 5) comprising respective inner rings (4a, 5a) and outer rings (4b, 5b) which are made of steel containing more than 4% chromium. Balls (4c, 5c) are provided between the inner rings and outer rings, respectively.    USE - Used for a water vapor force feeding device, a compressor in a solid state polymer fuel cell for an electric vehicle, a machine tool or a dental hand piece.    ADVANTAGE - Since the inner and outer rings comprise a specific composition, the encroachment of water to the interior of roller bearings is prevented, improving durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross sectional view of a water vapor force feeding device.    Rotary shaft (1)    Housing (2)    Ball bearings (4, 5)    Inner rings (4a, 5a)    Outer rings (4b, 5b)    Balls (4c, 5c)
NOVELTY - A tandem-type solar cell has a transparent photoconductive layer (12) and an oxide layer (15) having a light transmittance greater than 84% and an electrical resistivity less than 5 x 10 power -3 ohmcm.    USE - Used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - A tandem-type solar cell with high electric power generation efficiency is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the tandem-type solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Support substrate (11)    Transparent photo conductive layer (12)    Silicon electric power generation films (13a-13c,14a-14c)    Oxide layer (15)    Metal film for reflection (16)
NOVELTY - A mold electrode (3) with gas blowing holes (4) corresponding to gas supply unit holes (10) is arranged parallel to a support electrode (2) at a preset distance such that the holes face the support electrode. An electric power unit (7) supplies high frequency power to the mold electrode, while silane and carrier gas are supplied through a pipe (5, 11) to the support electrode so that a plasma film (14) is formed between the electrodes.    USE - Used as a plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus for manufacturing an optoelectric transducer (claimed), such as a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus enables the formation of a film of uniform thickness, effectively with a reduced amount of microparticles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer manufacture;    (2) an optoelectric transducer; and    (3) a tandem-type optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the plasma CVD apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction container (1)    Support electrode (2)    Mold electrode (3)    Gas blowing holes (4,10)    Gas supply pipe (5,11)    Insulating tube (6)    High frequency electric power unit (7)    Impedance matching device (8)    Gas supply unit (9)    Object to be processed (13)    Plasma film (14)
NOVELTY - A support electrode (2) is arranged in parallel with ladder type electrode (3). The object (11) to be processed, incorporating the heater, is supported by the electrode (2). High frequency electric power unit (7) supplies power to electrode (3). Gas feed pipe (5) is connected to electrode (3) through insulating pipe (6). Exhaust tube (10) is connected with suction element (9) which adjoins both the electrodes.    USE - Plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus used during optoelectric transducer manufacture (claimed) e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents direct current flow into the exhaust tube by the insulating tube. Forms uniform thickness of microparticles on the surface of the to-be-processed object.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer manufacturing method; and    (2) optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    support electrode (2)    ladder type electrode (3)    gas feed pipe (5)    insulating pipe (6)    high frequency electric power unit (7)    suction element (9)    exhaust tube (10)    to-be-processed object (11)
NOVELTY - A pigment sensitizing solar cell has multiple conductive layers (3) formed on a metal oxide semiconductor layer (4). The conductive layer and transparent conductive layer (2) are short-circuited by an electroconductive substance.    USE - Used in e.g. single crystal silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells or compound semiconductor solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrons poured in the metal oxide semiconductor reach the transparent conductive film efficiently, and the efficiency of the photoelectric conversion is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the pigment sensitizing solar cell.    Transparent conductive layers (2, 8)    Conductive layers (3)    Metal oxide semiconductor layer (4)
NOVELTY - The glass contains (mass%): silica (50-70); alumina (10-19); boria (5-15); magnesia (0-3); calcium oxide (0-12); strontium oxide (0-6); barium oxide (0-5); zinc oxide; zirconia (0-1); titania (0-5); phosphorus oxide (P2O5) (0-5); antimony oxide (Sb2O3) (0-5) and tin oxide (0.005-0.4). The mole content of tin oxide satisfies a preset relation. The glass does not contain arsenic oxide and alkali metal oxide.    USE - Used as a glass substrate for a flat display (claimed), an image sensor, a liquid crystal display, an electroluminescent display, a charge coupled device, a hard disk, a filter and a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the glass does not contain arsenic oxide and alkali metal oxide, environment load during glass substrate manufacture is reduced. The glass substrate with high quality is obtained inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The glass contains (mass%): silica (50-70); alumina (10-19); boria (5-15); magnesia (0-3); calcium oxide (CaO) (0-12); strontium oxide (SrO) (0-6); barium oxide (BaO) (0-5); zinc oxide (0-2); zirconia (0-1); titania (0-5); phosphorus oxide (P2O5) (0-5); antimony oxide (Sb2O3) (0-5); and tin oxide (0.005-0.4). The total amount of magnesia, CaO, SrO and BaO (alkaline earth metal oxide) is 8-13.5 mass%. The glass does not contain arsenic oxide and alkali metal oxide. The mole content (Ys) of tin oxide satisfies the relation: Ys at most 0.13X-1, where X is the mole content of alkaline earth oxides.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a glass substrate for a flat display.
NOVELTY - Substrate lies opposite discharge electrode, and is maintained in container. Raw material gas is introduced in container, and carbon to silicon supply ratio is adjusted to 1.5-3. High frequency electric power is applied to electrode, and plasma is formed between electrode and substrate. Radical in plasma is reacted on substrate surface, and crystalline silicon carbide film is formed on substrate.    USE - For manufacture of crystalline silicon carbide film used for solar cell for tandem-type optoelectric transducer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell containing the crystalline silicon carbide film formed by the method, has extensive band gap and electrical conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate is opposed to a discharge electrode, and maintained in a container. The container is evacuated. Subsequently, a raw material gas containing an organic silane, dilution gas and/or dopant-containing gas, is introduced into the container, and the carbon to silicon supplying ratio is adjusted to 1.5-3 in the evacuated container. A high frequency electric power with frequency of 60-200 MHz is applied to the discharge electrode, and a plasma is produced between the discharge electrode and the substrate. The radical in the plasma is made to react on the substrate surface, and a film containing crystalline silicon carbide is deposited on the substrate.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) crystalline silicon carbide film;    (2) solar cell; and    (3) tandem-type optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the correlation of carbon to silicon supplying ratio, and electrical conductivity. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A electrolyte layer (5) is arranged between a transparent substrate (2) and an opposing electrode (8). An electroconductive porous film (4) is formed on specific side of a semiconductor layer (3) bonded to the transparent substrate, facing the electrolyte layer.    USE - Used as an optoelectric transducer, e.g. a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Good photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained, by increasing the trapping ratio of incident light in the semiconductor layer, by the use of the electroconductive porous film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    Optoelectric transducer (1)    Transparent substrate (2)    Semiconductor layer (3)    Electroconductive porous film (4)    Electrolyte layer (5)    Substrate (8)
NOVELTY - The process involves relatively displacing a base material in a direction opposite to the rotation of a film forming rotation electrode (SR), for forming a thin film on the base material. The surface side of a fine crystal silicon film (14) formed on the base material is etched using an etching electrode (ER).    USE - Used for the formation of a fine crystal silicon film for a base material for a thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - he process enables the formation of a fine crystal silicon film having high uniformity and quality, easily at high speed by eliminating a problem peculiar to the rotating electrode, and to remove amorphous silicon from the thin film easily. The process simplifies the structure and improves processing efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a film forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction container (10)    Film formation chamber (10a)    Etching chamber (10b)    Base material conveyance stand (12)    Base material (14)    Rotary shaft (16)    Electrode main case (18)    High frequency electric power supply unit (20, 20')    Plasma (22)    Fine crystal silicon film (23)    Etching electrode (ER)    Film forming electrode (SR)
NOVELTY - Titanium isopropoxide is added to anatase-type titanium dioxide sol aqueous solution, to prepare raw material solution. The raw material solution is thermally decomposed by intermittent spraying of titanium iso propoxide, so as to form thin titanium dioxide film on the substrate.    USE - For manufacturing thin titanium dioxide film used in electrodes of solar cell, antimicrobial towel, air cleaner and also in applications such as water splitting, water purification, sterilization, strain resisting and deodorizing agents.    ADVANTAGE - Effective manufacturing of thin titanium dioxide film, is enabled. The film is adhered to the substrate in a short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electrode for pigment sensitizing solar cells; and    (2) electrode manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the spray thermal decomposition apparatus.
NOVELTY - A shower electrode (1b) has holes (1m,1n) through which hydrogen gas and silicon group gas are ejected, respectively. The distance between the adjacent holes in the shower electrode, is less than that between the shower electrode and a substrate (1k) which is 3 cm or less.    USE - Heat catalyst used for manufacturing crystalline silicon film (claimed), silicon carbide-type, silicon nitride-type and silicon germanium-type film used in solar cell (claimed), photodiode, image sensor, X-ray panel and thin film transistor (TFT).    ADVANTAGE - Enables high quality crystalline silicon film having uniform thickness, to be produced easily, efficiently and quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solar cell;    (2) a solar cell manufacturing method;    (3) a chemical vapor deposition method;    (4) a chemical vapor deposition apparatus; and    (5) a crystalline silicon film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    shower electrode (1b)    substrate (1k)    ejection holes (1m,1n)
NOVELTY - A sensor (18) detects the differential pressure of natural gas flowing in and out of a pressure reduction unit (17). The sensors (19,20) detect the pressure and temperature of the supplied natural gas. An arithmetic unit (21) calculates flow rate of gas based on the detection result. A controller (22) controls the capability of a natural gas booster pump based on the calculated flow rate.    USE - For controlling supply of natural gas to fuel cells in fuel cell based power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The flow rate of gas is calculated efficiently using inexpensive sensors, thereby achieving cost reduction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) natural gas supply control method;    (2) program for controlling flow rate of natural gas; and    (3) recorded medium storing natural gas flow rate control program.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell based power generation system . (Drawing includes non-English language text).    pressure reduction unit (17)    differential pressure sensor (18)    pressure sensor (19)    temperature sensor (20)    arithmetic unit (21)    controller (22)
NOVELTY - Catalyst layer comprises an ion-conducting polymer and pure or supported catalyst particles. Added inorganic solids are present, of size at least twice that of the catalyst particles, but less than the catalyst layer thickness.    USE - As a first and/or second catalyst layer in a low-temperature, layered fuel cell construction (claimed application).    ADVANTAGE - Mechanical stability is assured, even at greater layer thicknesses than previously known. Fissuring during drying in manufacture is avoided, since the added particles hinder shrinkage during drying. At no stage do they react with the noble metal catalyst particles or influence their activity. Further, electrical conductivity and water retention properties are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of construction of the above catalyst layer, by drying a suspension on a substrate.
NOVELTY - Fuel concentration indicator incorporated in a fuel cell operates by oxidizing fuel solution. The indicator comprises a volume of fuel solution and a dye mixture responsive to fuel concentration within the volume of the fuel solution.    USE - For determining concentration of fuel within solution. Process is used with fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Effectively determines the concentration of the fuel in the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the method of determining the concentration of fuel in fuel solution in a fuel cell having an anode reservoir (202). The method comprises:    (1) Adding dye combination to fuel solution in anode reservoir;    (2) determining concentration of fuel in fuel solution by comparing color of fuel solution containing the added dye mixture to standard colors displayed on color gradient (206).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel indicator.    Anode reservoir (202)    Transparent window (204)    Dye chamber (210)    Fuel channel (214)
NOVELTY - Silicon-germanium thin layer solar cell comprises a quantum wall structure made from silicon and germanium arranged within the diffusion length of the silicon pn-diode transition and a germanium island on a silicon substrate. The cell is produced using antimony as surfactant.    USE - Used as a thin layer solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the solar cell comprising applying an epitaxial silicon layer on a silicon substrate, applying a thin antimony monolayer as surfactant, applying germanium to form the germanium island, and growing a silicon layer and a germanium layer again to form the quantum well structure. Preferred Features: The growing temperature is 700 degrees C or higher. The layers are applied using MBE, LPCVD, UHVCVD or LEPECVD.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the solar cell.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-generating device comprises a vessel with a hydrogen outlet for activating a material for processing; and active structures which have a place for focusing energy between particles in the vessel.    USE - Generating hydrogen as a fuel for fuel cells, and internal and external combustion engines    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is generated with less energy in less space.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a hydrogen-generating system which includes the device;    (2) a fuel cell system and a hydrogen rocket which have the hydrogen-generating system mounted on them;    (3) a motor vehicle which has the fuel cell system mounted on it; and    (4) an internal combustion engine and an external combustion engine which use the hydrogen obtained from the generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a hydrogen generator.    Heater (101)    Flask (102)    Water tank (103)    Collection bottle (105)    Connection tube (106)    Silicon chips (107)
NOVELTY - A single-ion conductor is produced by grafting a salt compound on to a polymer containing double bonds.    USE - The method is for making a single-ion conductor used in the fabrication of fuel cells, sensors, supercapacitors, or electrochromic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The allyl reactive group used to allow the grafting reaction is unreactive to lithium and does not cause impairment of the lithium electrochemistry. The grafting reaction allows the attachment of anions that serve a variety of purposes. The polymer may be cross-linked to provide superior mechanical strength and excellent ion transport properties. The single-conducting electrolytes reduced the ion transportation value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a composition comprising hydrosilylation reaction product of a comb-branch polymer having ether side groups and a salt compound in the presence of platinum catalyst; and    (b) an interpenetrating polymer network comprising a comb-branch polymer or dendrimer having an unconjugated side chains being capped with solvating moieties that are capable of solvating a cation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the synthesis of single-ion conductors using grafting chemistry.
NOVELTY - Cooling fans (14,15) respectively control the temperature of denaturation and carbon monoxide oxidation chambers (7,8) which remove carbon monoxide from hydrogen rich modified gas from modifier (3). The hot air ejected from the chambers is supplied to air suction opening of fan (18) which directs air for combustion to burner (4) of modifier.    USE - For hydrogen supply to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves thermal efficiency as hot air from the denaturation chamber and the carbon monoxide chamber is effectively used as combustion air by burner of modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (3)    burner (4)    denaturation and carbon monoxide oxidation chambers (7,8)    cooling fans (14,15)    combustion air directing fan (18)
NOVELTY - The reactor has combustion catalyst-coated fins (14) in combustion gas path (10) and reforming catalyst-coated fins in reforming path (12). The spacing between adjacent combustion catalyst-coated fins, and reforming catalyst-coated fins, is set based on rate of combustion reaction which is an exothermic reaction, and rate of reforming reaction which is an endothermic reaction.    USE - For plate-shaped fin type reformer used for producing hydrogen by reaction of water vapor with methanol, natural gas, propane gas, for use in industries, and for use in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves thermal efficiency as the heat of exothermic reaction is used as heat source for endothermic reaction. Alleviates need for using a high heat-resistant material as the maximum temperature produced inside the reactor is reduced, by appropriate spacing of fins. Enables easy manufacture of catalyst-coated fins, as the required catalyst layer is coated to the fins, by a common process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top sectional view of the reactor.    combustion gas path (10)    reforming path (12)    combustion catalyst-coated fin (14)
NOVELTY - The surface of a substrate is subjected to two different etching conditions to form a corrugation such that the average aspect ratio of the corrugated surface formed by the first etching condition larger than the average aspect ratio of the corrugated surface formed by the second etching condition.    USE - Used for roughening a substrate used for a bulk-type polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The corrugation is uniformly formed on the surface of the substrate by dry etching using two different etching conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar cell formed by substrate roughening.
NOVELTY - The silicon film of 3-100 nm thickness, comprises silicon, carbon, p-type dopant such as boron and halogen such as chlorine.    USE - For solar cell (claimed) used in electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The addition of halogen to the film composition increases electric-power generation efficiency reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) silicon film formation method;    (b) solar cell; and    (c) solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross- sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (2)    solar cell (20)    transparent electrode (21)    halogen containing film (23)    i-type silicon film (24)    n-type silicon film (25)    reverse side electrode film (26)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has a metal film (15a) and conductive films (14a,14b) mounted on a substrate (11) through a multilayer film (13). The average difference in the elevation of the corrugated shape of the boundary surface of the conductive film (14b) and the metal film is larger than that of the multilayer film and a transparent electrically conductive film (14a).    USE - Thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the average difference in the elevation of the corrugated shape of the boundary surface of the conductive film is larger than that of the multilayer film, reduction in the electrical property of the semiconductor multilayer film is restrained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the thin film solar cell. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    substrate (11)    multilayer film (13)    conductive films (14a,14b)    metal film (15a)    collector pole (17)
NOVELTY - The fuel-cell system has fuel cell stack (31) and a heat exchanger which performs heat exchange with the cooling medium. The cooling medium is circulated between the fuel cell stack which laminates a number of unit fuel cells through the separator. The electrically insulating film containing a high thermal conductive inorganic material is formed at the flow path formed at the fuel cell stack.    USE - As fuel-cell system    ADVANTAGE - The formation of the short circuit in the fuel cell system is suppressed. The contamination of the cooling medium by leakage of the impurity between fuel cell components is suppressed. The heat exchange efficiency of the cooling medium is raised due to the high thermal conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrically insulating film containing high thermal conductive inorganic material is diamond and/or cubic silicon carbide.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the fuel cell stack comprised in the fuel cell system.    cooling medium inlet (1)    cooling medium exit (4)    manifold (7)    end plate(31) fuel cell stack (8)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a mixed stack (2) with a power generation unit (4) and a water electrolysis unit (6), each respectively comprising stacked cells (3,5). The electrolysis unit has end plates (9,10) respectively at the ends of the power generation and water electrolysis units, with threads (11,12) for binding the cells of the units (4,6).    USE - As fuel cell for water electrolysis, for use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The weight and cost of the fuel cell are reduced, and efficiency is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the above fuel cell.    mixed stack (2)    power generation cells (3)    power generation unit (4)    water electrolysis cells (5)    water electrolysis unit (6)    end plates (9,10)    thread (11)
NOVELTY - A silicon film is formed on a substrate (206) by plasma chemical vapor phase epitaxy (PVCD) which involves applying a variable high frequency electric power to the electrodes (210) arranged opposite to the substrate, for exciting the plasma (208) with respect to the substrate.    USE - Used fine crystal silicon photovoltaic cells used for solar cells or light receiving elements.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality silicon film is formed on a substrate with high speed, providing an inexpensive photovoltaic cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fine crystal silicon photovoltaic cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the plasma CVD apparatus used for manufacturing the fine crystal silicon photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Plasma CVD apparatus (200)    Vacuum chamber (202)    Substrate (206)    Plasma (208)    High frequency electrode (210)
NOVELTY - A solar cell unit (26) comprises a solar cell (33) mounted on a metal base plate (31). A heat collection pipe contact portion (40) is fitted to one end of the base plate, so as to integrate a heat collection pipe (27) and the solar cell unit.    USE - Solar heat collection apparatus including solar cell unit (claimed) for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient transfer of collected heat to the solar cell unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial sectional view of the solar heat collection apparatus.    solar cell unit (26)    heat collection pipe (27)    metal base plate (31)    solar cell (33)    heat collection pipe contact portion (40)
NOVELTY - A reinforcement glass pane (1) with corrugated surface (11), a transparent resin (2) are formed on one surface of non-reinforcement glass substrate (3). A non-mono crystal silicon thin film solar cell (4), a sealing film (6) are formed on other surface of a non-reinforcement glass substrate.    USE - Used in crystal system installed in roof of residence, roof on wall surface of building.    ADVANTAGE - Improves glare-proof effect by providing corrugated surface in glass pane and hence ensures sufficient strength at low cost, without reducing electric power generation capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin-film solar cell module.    reinforcement glass pane (1)    transparent resin (2)    non-reinforcement glass substrate (3)    non-mono crystal silicon thin film solar cell film (4)    sealing film (6)    corrugated surface (11)
NOVELTY - A high-permeability glass contains soda lime silicate group glass composition containing ferric oxide (in wt.%) (0.02-0.06), ferrous oxide (0-0.024), cerium oxide (0-0.5), and oxide(s) (0.001-1) chosen from oxides of yttrium, lanthanum, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, zinc, gallium, germanium and tin. An amount of ferrous oxide converted into ferric oxide is less than 40 wt.%.    USE - For structural glass, cover glass and flat-surface display group plate glass used for solar cells panels, such as glass for interior, glass for material exhibition, protection case glass, colorless window glass and colorless mirror. The glass is used for solar-heat utilization warm water machine material, solar-heat transparent window-glass material, and window-glass material used for microwave ovens or whole-surface panel.    ADVANTAGE - The glass is colorless, inexpensive and produced in high yield. The glass has excellent permeability, visualization light transmittance, ultraviolet-light-transmission rate, solar radiation transmittance, quality and stability. The glass suppresses a production of nickel sulfide, and a glass failure rate in soak process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of light-color high-permeability glass which involves using at least dolomite or limestone as a raw material.
NOVELTY - A solvent-including solid of polymeric nature containing large quantities of solvent is made into a solution and heated. The solid-solution is cooled and used as a medium for chemical reaction to study the reaction.    USE - For solar cell, chemical reaction (both claimed), synthesis reaction, fuel cell, primary or secondary battery, electrochemical measurement, water, reaction, micro analysis, combinatory chemistry and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The solid medium is easily moldable to provide a stably exterior. The study has large industrial utility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell; and    (2) chemical reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cyclic voltamogram figure of (bis(4,4'-dicarboxybis-2,2'-bipyridine)rubidium) (Ru(bpy)32+) aqueous solution containing agarose solid medium.
NOVELTY - The electroconductive film includes a metal microparticle aggregate layer (1) in the form of a mesh, formed on a transparent base material (4). The aggregate layer contains metal microparticles such as Ag, Al, Cu, Au, Pt or Pd.    USE - For electromagnetic shielding film of display device such as electroluminescent (EL) display, plasma display panel (PDP), cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD). Also for transparent electrode of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves compatibility with favorable surface resistance and visible ray transmittance, by providing mesh-like microparticle aggregate layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for transparent electroconductive film manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the transparent electroconductive film.    metal microparticle aggregate layer (1)    transparent base material (4)
NOVELTY - The system (4) has a heat transfer path which is formed between fuel modifier (1) and solid oxide type fuel cell (2).    USE - Fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Heat produced by the fuel reformation system is effectively used by implementing a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the fuel reformation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Fuel reformation system (4)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte contains crosslinking copolymer, obtained by reacting a compound having hydroxyl group at terminal and a compound having an isocyanate group, and an oxidation reduction pair, and is brought into a solid-form state or a gelling state.    USE - Useful in a compound semiconductor solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Safety on use is remarkably improved.
NOVELTY - Stacked heat exchanger comprises plate-shaped tube sheets; tank formation portions that are connected to each of the tube sheets; corrugated outer fins in each of the spaces between the sheets; and a partition board between the outer fins, including a bent portion on a side of the tank formation portions. The bent portion is bent in the stacking direction of the tube sheets.    USE - Particularly useful for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a methanol reformer of a fuel cell used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The novel exchanger offers increased catalytic surface area, to efficiently oxidize carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Stacked heat exchanger comprises plate-shaped tube sheets, each including an internal fluid passage; tank formation portions (4a) that are connected to each of the tube sheets and project in the stacking direction of the tube sheets; corrugated outer fins (8) stacked in each of the spaces (7) between the sheets; and a partition board (9) between the outer fins, on at least an edge of which is a bent portion on a side of the tank formation portions. The bent portion is bent in a stacking direction of the tube sheets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a core of a reactor as above.    tank formation portion (4a)    tank portion (6)    space (7)    outer fin (8)    partition board (9)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises: a fuel cell for generating power, that supplies an oxidizer containing oxygen to a positive electrode (103) and supplies a fuel gas containing hydrogen to a negative electrode (102); a battery including at least water as an electrolyte; and a hydrogen supply channel (105) that supplies hydrogen generated from the battery to the fuel cell.    USE - Used for self-generation including co-generation at a household or factory.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost, high responsive fuel cell system capable of facilitating the handling of the battery that works in conjunction with the fuel cell is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of operating the fuel cell system, comprising: supplying the oxidizer containing oxygen to the positive electrode of the fuel cell, supplying the fuel gas containing hydrogen to the negative electrode of the fuel cell, and generating power; and allowing the battery with water as the electrolyte to produce overcharge reaction, thus generating hydrogen from the battery for supplying to the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section of a fuel cell.    Negative electrode (102)    Positive electrode (103)    Hydrogen supply channel (105)
NOVELTY - The solar cell is made from a disc of metallurgical silicon purified in the solid phase.    USE - To make an extremely pure, thick silicon disc solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Economical manufacture results in a long-lived silicon-based solar cell. The raw, impure material, metallurgical silicon, is extremely cheap in comparison with conventional, extremely-high-purity silicon for solar cells. It is cast into a disc for purification. Heated with sulfur, impurities in the disc diffuse to its surface. Sulfur, impurity sulfides, and silicon sulfides left on the surface, are mechanically removed. Cast silicon discs have an advantage over conventional silicon wafers, in being far less fragile. The cost of finished solar cell modules is also considerably reduced, because the disc now forms a structural component of the module.
NOVELTY - A process for separating CO from the hydrogen-enriched gas mixture by selective oxidizing features use of a catalyst which is a Pt and/or Ru-carried zeolite. The lowered C-concentration gas mixture can be used as the fuel of fuel battery.
NOVELTY - A broad-spectrum low-temperature laminated silicon-based film-type solar cell has a special reflection-increasing layer between the N layer of the first pin cell and the P layer of the second pin cell for only reflecting light in the absorption range of the first pin cell, and another reflection-increasing layer is used between the N layer of the second pin cell and a metallic electrode for reflecting the light in the absorption range of the second pin cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and a thin absorption layer for less light attenuation, and low cost.
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide removal device removing carbon monoxide contained in a reformate gas by catalyst-mediated oxidizing reactions using an oxidizing agent, comprises a programmable controller controlling oxidizing reactions in a catalytic reactor programmed to reduce a ratio of an oxidation amount in an upstream part when a flow rate of the reformate gas falls below a predetermined value.    USE - The invention is used to remove carbon monoxide contained in a reformate gas (claimed). It is useful in a fuel cell power plant for a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The invention effectively prevents reverse shift reactions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A carbon monoxide removal device removing carbon monoxide contained in a reformate gas by catalyst-mediated oxidizing reactions using an oxidizing agent, comprises a catalytic reactor (4) storing a catalyst and allowing passage of the reformate gas, and comprising an upstream part and a downstream part disposed further downstream than the upstream part, relative to the flow of the reformate gas; and a programmable controller controlling oxidizing reactions in the catalytic reactor programmed to reduce a ratio of an oxidation amount in the upstream part, with respect to an oxidation amount in the downstream part, when a flow rate of the reformate gas falls below a predetermined value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a carbon monoxide removal device for a fuel cell power plant.    Catalytic reactor (4)    Oxidizing agent supply mechanism (6A-C, 15, 16, 18)
NOVELTY - Thermal management of a fuel cell comprises processing a fuel supply stream (1) in an autothermal reformer (2) to produce a fuel cell supply stream comprising methane; and reforming within the fuel cell, methane present in the fuel cell supply stream.    USE - For the thermal management of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The methane concentration in the output stream of the autothermal reformer may be varied on a continuous and rapid basis to allow the extent of internal reforming of methane within the fuel cell to be controlled in response to fluctuations in fuel cell temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Thermal management of a fuel cell comprises processing a fuel supply stream (1) in an autothermal reformer (2) to produce a fuel cell supply stream comprising methane; and reforming within the fuel cell, methane present in the fuel cell supply stream. The concentration of methane in the fuel cell supply stream is controlled by operation of the autothermal reformer in order to achieve a desired level of reforming of methane within the fuel cell.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system that allows thermal management of a fuel cell, comprising an autothermal reformer that is capable of variable operation to produce an output stream having controlled methane concentration and that is provided upstream of and in communication with a fuel cell; and a fuel cell that is adapted to reform methane within the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system of the invention.    Fuel supply stream (1)    Autothermal reformer (2)    Air (3, 9)    Cooler (4)    Desulfurizer unit (5)    Fuel pre-heater (6)    Anode (7)    Hot air blower (8)    Cathode (10)    Waste heat recovery unit (12)    Final exhaust stream (13)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system of fuel cell has a reforming reactor into which hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen are introduced to perform a partial oxidation reaction; a mixer which injects water into gas; and a shift reactor into which gas containing vaporized water is introduced.    USE - The fuel reforming system is for vehicle use.    ADVANTAGE - The invention promotes vaporization of water by using a simple construction when water is supplied to a reforming system, and prevents water in the liquid phase from flowing into a shift reactor, thus eliminating the need for a device for promoting vaporization of the water or a complex fuel injection device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reforming system of fuel cell has:    (1) a reforming reactor into which hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen are introduced to perform a partial oxidation reaction;    (2) a mixer downstream of the reforming reactor, which injects water into gas heated by the partial oxidation reaction to vaporize the water and mix the vaporized water with the gas; and    (3) a shift reactor into which gas containing vaporized water is introduced and which performs a shift reaction.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel reforming method in a fuel reforming system of a fuel cell, which comprises performing a partial oxidation reaction between a hydrocarbon fuel and oxygen, injecting water into gas heated by the partial oxidation reaction and mixing the vaporized water with the gas, and performing a shift reaction between the vaporized water and the gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a fuel reforming system.
NOVELTY - A solar cell has n-type and p-type dopant regions formed on a second surface of a substrate; and epitaxial layer formed on the second surface, such that formation of the epitaxial layer diffuses the dopants into the substrate and into the epitaxial layer.    USE - Used as solar cell for converting solar energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell absorbs photon energy of 0.6-3.5 eV and exhibits high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell (100) comprises a substrate (20) having first light receiving surface and a second opposing surface; n-type and p-type dopant regions formed adjacent the second surface of the substrate; epitaxial layer (130) formed on the second surface; and current collector for collecting current from junctions in the substrate and in the epitaxial layers. The formation of the epitaxial layer diffuses the dopants into the substrate and into the epitaxial layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for forming the above solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the tandem silicon-germanium solar cell.    Substrate (20)    Solar cell (100)    Epitaxial layer (130)    Cap layer (140)
NOVELTY - A circuit (50) comprising a pump (51) and a mixing chamber (52), is provided to circulate the reformed gas branched from the supply path (41) of a fuel cell (2). The mixing chamber mixes the air and the reformed gas from the path (41), and supplies to carbon monoxide removal device (5) and a modification reaction device (4).    USE - In reactor for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the performance of the system when transferring from low load or idle load condition to high load condition, as the temperature of the modification reaction device is maintained reliably, by homogeneous dispersion of gas to modification reaction device and carbon monoxide removal device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modification fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (2)    evaporator (3)    modification reaction device (4)    carbon monoxide removal device (5)    heat exchanger (6)    air supply device (7)    supply path (41)    circuit (50)    pump (51)    mixing unit (52)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer (20c) has an i-type silicon film (12) between P-type and N-type silicon films (11, 13). A gallium zinc oxide film (8) which functions as a transparent electrode is formed on the N-type silicon film.    USE - Used as an optoelectric transducer, e.g. a solar cell for a tandem-type photoelectric conversion apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The i-type silicon layer is not contaminated with gallium, and therefore prevents the generation of cracks while improving the efficiency of the transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the manufacture of an optoelectric transducer; and    (2) a tandem-type photoelectric conversion apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (2)    Gallium zinc oxide film (8)    P-type silicon film (4,11)    i-type silicon film (5,12)    N-type silicon film (6,13)    Reverse electrode film (9,14)
NOVELTY - A pressure control valve (27) is provided to set up equal backing pressures in supply and discharge flow paths (21,22) respectively.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduces fluctuation of hydrogen gas flow immediately after switching. Ensures stable output of fuel cell with simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    supply flow path (21)    discharge flow path (22)    pressure control valve (27)
NOVELTY - A supporting structure (2) that supports a substrate (12) is arranged in parallel along with primary and secondary ladder-type electrodes (3, 4) in a reaction container (1). An electric power unit (5) supplies high frequency electric power to secondary ladder-type electrodes that are at a specific distance away from the primary ladder-type electrodes (3) that are maintained at plasma potential.    USE - Used as a surface treatment apparatus, e.g. chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus, etching apparatus and ashing device for processing substrates during the manufacture of opto-electric transducers (claimed) such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus reduces the shock generated by the ions in the plasma during etching and filming effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) opto-electric transducer manufacture; and    (2) an opto-electric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction container (1)    Supporting structure (2)    Ladder-type electrodes (3, 4)    Gas feed pipe (10)    Exhaust tube (11)    Substrate (12)    Plasma (13)
NOVELTY - The purification of hydrogen involves using molecular-sieve carbon film having the micropore of pore size 0.2-0.35 nm obtained by carbonizing polymeric material.    USE - For purifying hydrogen. The purification system is used as hydrogen refiner for motor vehicles, domestic and portable electric power device.    ADVANTAGE - The purification method of hydrogen enables to remove impurities such as carbon monoxide and provides high purity hydrogen. The purification method of hydrogen is simple and highly economical. The carbon monoxide removal apparatus is compact and has lightweight.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph of pore volume distribution of molecular-sieve carbon film.
NOVELTY - A composite material (10) comprises a brazing layer (15) on the surface of a base material (11). The brazing layer contains titanium or titanium alloy layer (13) between nickel or nickel alloy layers (12,14).    USE - For brazing heat exchanger and components of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The composite material has excellent brazing property and reduces corrosion of base material during brazing. The reliability of the junction portion is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for product which is obtained by joining using the composite material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of composite material.    composite material (10)    base material (11)    nickel or nickel alloy layers (12,14)    titanium or titanium alloy layer (13)    brazing layer (15)
NOVELTY - The single-tube cylindrical modifier (2) has a drain valve (3) at its lower end for ejecting water that is collected due to the dew formation in the modifier.    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon fuel such as town gas and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) for producing hydrogen used for fuel cell and semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Since internal water is ejected using drain valve, the necessity for heating internal water is prevented. Hence, the problem of rust generation in the modifier is eliminated and durability is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the single-tube cylindrical modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    single- tube cylindrical modifier (2)    drain valve (3)
NOVELTY - A pair of ultrasonic transducers is arranged at pipe interior to receive ultrasonic waves which propagate in forward and reverse directions with respect to the exhaust gas. The acoustic velocity of exhaust gas and flow rate of in-pipe exhaust gas, are calculated based on the propagation velocity. The hydrogen concentration is calculated for the exhaust gas flow amount using the flow rate.    USE - For fuel cell system used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - High accurate measurement of hydrogen flow amount, is achieved using simple transducers, thus the implementation is cheap and easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - At least one of the input fluids (A, B) is supercritical.    USE - Preparation of a hydrogen-rich fluid from hydrocarbons for use as a clean fuel in low temperature combustion    ADVANTAGE - The high pressure and temperature used in this process reduces the production of undesired components such as carbon monoxide and thus eliminates the need for multiple cleaning stages    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The unit also contains a heater to heat at least one of the input fluids to above its supercritical temperature (T2). A pressure generator (C) pressurizes at least one of the input fluids to above its critical pressure (P2). At least one mixer mixes the fluids (A, B) upstream of the pressure generator. In addition there is means (11, 12) of controlling the quantity of at least one of the fluids and at least one cleaning device (E) for a pressed cleaning of the reformed material (R) to eliminate undesired components. The cleaning device comprises a selectively permeable membrane to separate the components from the reformed material. The reforming device (D) includes the cleaning device. Downstream of the reforming device is at least one means (F) of recovering the pressure of the undesired components and/or the reformed material. At least one return line returns at least some of the components and/or the reformed material to the reforming device. ALSO CLAIMED is an incinerator containing a reforming unit as described above where the resulting reformed material forms the fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block schematic of the unit    Fluid storage (1)    Fluid storage (2)    Mixer (3)    By-pass (4)    Dosimeter controlling recirculation (5)    Dosimeter (11)    Dosimeter (12)    Fluid rich in hydrocarbons (A)    Oxidizing fluid such as water and/or oxygen (B)    Pressure generator (C)    Reforming device (D)    Cleaning device (E)    Pressure recovering device (F)    Hydrogen (H)    Reformed material (R)
NOVELTY - Liquid fuel cell includes many fuel cell unit cells containing a positive electrode which reduces oxygen, a negative electrode which oxidizes the liquid fuel, and an electrolyte layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and has a liquid fuel storage part. The many fuel cell unit cells are arranged on an almost identical plane.    USE - Used as a liquid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Power can be generated stably while reducing the size by arranging the unit fuel cells on the same plane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the liquid fuel cell.    Air hole (1)    Cover plate (2)    Liquid fuel tank (3)    Liquid fuel (4)    Liquid fuel pumping out material (5)    Air-liquid separation film (6a)    Air-liquid separation hole (6b)    Collector (7)    Anode (8)    Diffusion layer (8a)    Catalyst layer (8b)    Cathode (9)    Diffusion layer (9a)    Catalyst layer (9b)    Electrolyte layer (10)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a raw material powder for forming oxygen ion conductor comprising a multicomponent metal oxide composed of at least 1 metal containing lanthanum or lanthanides and oxygen comprises: (i) forming a mixed powder comprising at least 2 metal compounds including all the elements comprising the metal oxide; (ii) calcining the mixed powder; and (iii) exposing to water or gas-containing water to expand at least part of the powder.    USE - Used as a raw material for the production of oxygen ion conductors.    ADVANTAGE - A compact sintered product can be produced having no cracks by a stable method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) the raw material powder for oxygen ion conductor formation; and    (2) the manufacture of an oxygen ion conductor by shaping the raw material powder into a fixed shape and calcining.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 2 is a chart showing the XRD analysis results of LaGaO3 powder.
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell power generation system comprises a high temperature fuel cell, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) module, and an energy recovery mechanism.    USE - The invention is used to manipulate reactant concentrations for enhanced performance and economics.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows flexible operation of the generation system while incorporating mechanisms for mitigation of greenhouse gas and other environmentally deleterious gas emissions, It enhances overall efficiency of operation to increase sustainability of fuel resource use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high temperature fuel cell power generation system comprises a high temperature fuel cell having an anode inlet and exhaust, and a cathode inlet and exhaust; PSA module operable to recover hydrogen gas from the anode exhaust and to provide a portion of such hydrogen gas for recycle to the anode inlet; and energy recovery mechanism operable to recover energy from the fuel cell exhaust gases and to provide a portion of such recovered energy to drive mechanical loads associated with the operation of the module. A portion of the recovered hydrogen gas is provided for export from the generation system as hydrogen fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an axial section of the PSA module.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor composition comprises colloidal nanocrystals. The prepared nanocrystals luminesce from 500-700 nm and exhibit a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 60%.    USE - For a light-emitting diode, a biological labeling agent, a photoelectric device, a solar cell, a catalyst, and a laser (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention affords improved sizes, size distributions, photoluminescence quantum yields and related physical and chemical properties for colloidal nanocrystals in their as-prepared state, without the need for size sorting or further processing steps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method of synthesizing colloidal nanocrystals, comprising combining a cation precursor, a ligand and a non-coordinating solvent to form a cation-ligand complex, and mixing an anion precursor with the cation-ligand complex at a temperature to form nanocrystals; and    (2) a method of adjusting the polydispersity index of the colloidal nanocrystals, comprising:    (a) preselecting the cation precursor, the ligand and a ligand:cation precursor ratio corresponding to the desired polydispersity index;    (b) the above combining step; and    (c) the above mixing step to form the nanocrystals of the desired polydispersity index.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure exemplifies both the UV-Vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence spectra of the as-prepared cadmium sulfide nanocrystals with different sizes, without any size separation processing.
NOVELTY - A process for reaction of halogens or sulfonyloxy functional aryl or heteroaryl compounds with aromatic or heteroaromatic boron compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium (Pd) compound, a base, and a multiphase solvent mixture, with formation of an ring C-C bond is new.    USE - The polymers (e.g. polyarylenes) are useful for light emitting diodes, organic integrated circuits-, field effect transistors-, thin film transistors-, solar cells, laser diodes-, color filters, liquid crystal displays-, and photoreceptors, and in pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications.    ADVANTAGE - The process is outstandingly efficient, production costs are greatly lowered because of the relatively small amount of expensive Pd compounds required, and in semiconductor applications the impurity level is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for reaction of halogens or sulfonyloxy functional aryl or heteroaryl compounds with aromatic or heteroaromatic boron compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd compound, a base, and a multiphase solvent mixture, with formation of an aryl-aryl, aryl-heteroaryl or heteroaryl-heteroaryl C-C bond, where:    (a) the solvent mixture contains at least 0.1 vol% of compound fro the groups:    (i) a water miscible organic solvent,    (ii) a water immiscible organic solvent,    (iii) water, with the proviso that both alcohol and carbonyl compounds containing alpha-hydrogen are excluded, and    (b) the Pd compound contains no triphenylphosphine, and that its reaction mixture is not added.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) polyarylenes or heteroarylenes with a weight polymerization extent DPw of at least 1000, obtainable as above; and    (2) electron structural units containing one or more polymers as above.
NOVELTY - A thermometry element consisting of a platinum wiring, conducting wires and terminals, is used to measure the temperature at the outer/inner surface of the catalyst particle (19) inside a catalyst layer (20) pinched between the inner and outer cylinders of a double cylinder structure (11).    USE - For fuel cells used in fuel cell electric power generation system for distribution electric power units.    ADVANTAGE - The prediction accuracy of the endothermic reaction is improved and the temperature of the catalyst layer is measured efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Double cylinder structure (11)    Inner cylinder (11a)    Protective tube (17)    Burner (18)    Catalyst particle (19)    Catalyst layer (20)
NOVELTY - A pump (11) circulates the coolant ejected from carbon monoxide removal device (6) along the primary flow path (1a) which is parallel to secondary flow path (1b) having radiator (13). A cross valve (12) is provided at the junction of flow paths, to control the mixing rate of coolant from both the flow paths, when the detected temperature of modified gas or coolant, reaches predetermined temperature.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of catalyst is accurately controlled, due to the provision of cross valve. Efficiency of carbon monoxide removal device is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    primary and secondary flow paths (1a,1b)    carbon monoxide removal device (6)    pump (11)    cross valve (12)    radiator (13)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generation apparatus (1) has an induction coil (7) which is wound around a hydrogen generation tube (4), to heat a heat emitting element (5) enclosed within the tube. The hydrocarbon based raw material supplied to the tube is thermally decomposed by heat generated by the heat emitting element and hydrogen is generated in the tube.    USE - Hydrogen generation apparatus for fuel cell system (claimed) for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for catalyst for heating, hence time required for initiation of thermal decomposition, is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generation apparatus (1)    hydrogen reservoir (2)    fuel cell (3)    hydrogen generation tube (4)    heat emitting element (5)    induction coil (7)    raw material supply pipe (8)    radiation heat exchanger (11)    inlet gas piping (12)    exit gas piping (13)    humidifier (14)    discharge piping (17)
NOVELTY - PIN or NIP-type structural cells (13, 14) are formed over a transparent conductive layer (12) which is on a transparent substrate (11). The I-type electric power generation film (13b) of the cell (13) is subjected to argon (Ar), or hydrogen (H2) plasma-etching or Ar-ion milling or mechanical polishing and is planarized.    USE - Used for manufacturing a tandem-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The opening voltage is improved, due to the optimum light effect using a transparent conductive layer with large corrugation surface. Thus, the electric power generation efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the tandem type solar cell manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent substrate (11)    Transparent conductive layer (12)    PIN or NIP type structural cells (13,14)    Silicon electric power generation films (13a-13c,14a-14c)    Oxide layer (15)    Metal film (16)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a porous metal-oxide semiconductor layer containing carbon.    USE - Used in e.g. a single crystal silicon solar cell, amorphous-silicon solar cell or a compound semiconductor solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment sensitizing solar cell has a high pure metal oxide semiconductor layer and increases electrical conductivity, and reduces the manufacturing process, as a metal-oxide semiconductor is formed at low temperature and also reduces cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows lamination of the pigment sensitizing solar cell.    Base material (1)    Metal-oxide semiconductor (3)    Electric charge carrying layer (5)    Pigment sensitizing solar cell (10)
NOVELTY - A high frequency power supply unit supplies electric power of 0.1-1 W/cm2 for plasma-processing the reactive gas. A porous semiconductor film is formed on the base material, by exposing the base material to the reactive gas in plasma state. The semiconductor film is then sensitized with the metal-complex pigment containing ruthenium.    USE - Used as a photoelectric conversion semiconductor material for an optoelectric transducer (claimed) for a solar cell (claimed) used for electric power generation panels, table top calculators, clocks and portable game machines, and also applicable for charge coupled devices (CCD), and medical diagnostic imaging apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor film is formed on the base material by simple processes. Photoelectric conversion efficiency and reliability are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) photoelectric conversion semiconductor material manufacture;    (2) an optoelectric transducer; and    (3) a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the plasma discharge processing container.    Plasma discharge processing container (31)
NOVELTY - A catalyst layer (2) selectively oxidizes the carbon-monoxide in the reformed gas. An oxygen supply unit adjusts the oxygen concentration in the reformed gas by mixing an oxygen containing gas, such that the oxygen concentration in the oxygen containing gas is reduced when the fuel cell load is reduced.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the oxygen-containing gas flow rate by making oxygen-containing gas concentration mixed with reformed gas low, which in turn increases the amount of oxygen gas and reformed gas supplied to a catalyst layer, so it prevents the residence time in the catalyst layer of reformed gas, and carbon- monoxide removal efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst layer (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Control unit (5)
NOVELTY - Combustor (13) utilizes downstream hydrogen from the fuel cell group (1) to supply heat to the vaporizer (14). When the electrical load over the cell group raises, hydrogen supply to the cell group is partially restricted, allowing additional diversion into the combustor. Extra heat from the combustor vaporizes more water/methanol and helps to raise the hydrogen supply from the reformer.    USE - Fuel cells drawing hydrogen from reformer obtained by thermal reforming of fuels like methanol, gasoline.    ADVANTAGE - It helps to improve the system responses to handle fluctuations in load demand, substantially.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen supply system.    Fuel cell group (1)    Drive motor (3)    Electrical power control module (4)    Central controller (5)    Thermal reformer (11)    CO separator (12)    Combustor (13)    Vaporizer (14)    Methanol/water supply device (15)    Regulator for methanol/water supply (16)    Water/methanol tanks (17,18)
NOVELTY - The control apparatus (9) compares the measured concentration of the hydrogen with a standard value of evaluation criteria and controls the system control variable accordingly.    USE - For controlling fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces load and response time and increases efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the control apparatus of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (7)    Control apparatus (9)    Fuel reformer (20)
NOVELTY - Nozzles (30,31) spray selectively methanol and water to combustion chamber (38). A spark plug (33) ignites the methanol and supplied air in the chamber. An oxidation catalyst promotes the modification reaction, so that heat generated from the methanol is utilized to vaporize water.    USE - For generating hydrogen for fuel cell mounted in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is generated reliably by vaporizing the water efficiently, thereby operability is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (16)    nozzles (30,31)    air supply port (32)    spark plug (33)    combustion chamber (38)
NOVELTY - The platinum catalyst (12) that produces reformed gas containing hydrogen from the hydrocarbon has a hollow interior (13) to pass the hydrocarbon gas from inlet (14) to outlet (15).    USE - For producing reformed gas containing hydrogen to be used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The length of the gas flow direction of the catalyst in shortened and its pressure loss is reduced effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformer (10)    catalyst (12)    hollow portion (13)    inlet (14)    outlet (15)
NOVELTY - The stainless steel wool (4) is arranged at the inlet manifold (12) of an evaporator (1).    USE - Evaporator for reformer.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of bumping action in the evaporator reliably, thereby suppressing pressure fluctuation. Simplifies the structure of the evaporator, thereby attaining cost reduction. Prevents reduction of hydrogen concentration reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the evaporator for reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporator (1)    heat exchanger (2)    modifier (3)    stainless steel wool (4)    pipe (11)    inlet manifold (12)
NOVELTY - Water supply and gas supply pipes (10,12) are connected to water evaporators (11a,11b) equipped in carbon monoxide (CO) transformation unit (5) and carbon monoxide (CO) purifier (7). Generated water vapor is supplied to carbon monoxide transformation unit.    USE - Hydrogen generator for fuel-cell power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents fluctuation of carbon monoxide density and the water vapor amount since both water and gas are supplied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fuel cell power generating system.    carbon monoxide transformation unit (5)    carbon monoxide purifier (7)    water and gas supply pipes (10,12)    water evaporators (11a,11b)
NOVELTY - A light absorption layer (5) comprises a precursor thin film (4) and a buffer thin film (3) comprising copper (Cu), gallium (Ga) and indium (In). The precursor thin film and buffer thin film are successively formed on a molybdenum (Mo) electrode layer (2) and heat-processed in a selenium (Se) atmosphere.    USE - Used for forming a light absorption layer in a thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - By heat processing the buffer thin film and precursor thin film in a selenium atmosphere, the deterioration of solar cell property resulting due to reduction in crystallization property of the light absorption layer is prevented effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a light absorption layer formation apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates light absorption layer formation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Mo electrode layer (2)    Buffer thin film (3)    Light absorption layer (5)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen occluding material consists of a porous-carbon material of specific area 1000m2 or more and hydrogen occlusion alloy.    USE - For power unit of electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need of a cooling installation to the container. Reduces weight by use of light weight porous-carbon material. Provides a large hydrogen storage apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the crystal structure of activated carbon. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A silicon compound material (13) applied to the light receiving surface side of a single crystal/polycrystal silicon substrate (11) by an inkjet system is dried and baked to form a silicon oxide film (14), where the calcination temperature of the silicon compound material is 500-900 degrees C or 600-800 degrees C. The silicon oxide film is subjected to nitrification to form a silicon oxynitride film (15).    USE - Used for manufacturing a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacture is simplified, giving a film having both passivation effect and reflection prevention effect while using a simple structured manufacturing apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional views explaining the manufacture of the solar cell.    Silicon substrate (11)    Silicon-compound material (13)    Silicon-oxide film (14)    Silicon oxy nitride film (15)
NOVELTY - The ratio of amount of supply of easily vaporizable gasoline (Fl) to hardly vaporizable gasoline (Fh) is set, according to the load request. The gasolines (Fl,Fh) are respectively supplied to the evaporation unit.    USE - For generating modified gas or heating gas of fuel cell system of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The operating conditions are set quickly, according to load request, and hydrogen rich heating gas is produced shortly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gasoline supply procedure of modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A vaporizer (2) vaporizes the hydrogen stored in a liquid hydrogen tank (1) and supplies to a fuel cell (8) through a main supply line (L1). The hydrogen gas manufactured by a reformer (3) is supplied to the fuel cell through an auxiliary supply line (L2). A heat exchanger (9) interposed in an air supply line (AL) connected to the vaporizer, utilizes heat from waste gas of reformer.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell mounted in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables effective utilization of heat generated in gas reformer by providing heat exchanger that transmits remaining heat of modifier to vaporizer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    liquid hydrogen tank (1)    vaporizer (2)    reformer (3)    fuel cell (8)    heat exchanger (9)    air supply line (AL)    main and auxiliary supply lines (L1,L2)
NOVELTY - A combustion gas bypass line branched from the conduit of a carbon monoxide removal unit, is connected to an oxidation treatment unit.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents oxidation of modification catalyst reliably. Prevents reliably emission of partial combustible gas containing toxic gas e.g. carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for reformer operation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic cell has a wiring portion electrically connected with a pair of electrode layers (405, 407). Electrode layer (405) is not formed in the edge portion of a photovoltaic layer (406) forming linear area. The width of the linear area of electrode layer connected with the wiring portion is larger than the narrowest width of the electrode layer without wiring portion.    USE - Photovoltaic cell for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic cell can be produced cheaply. Reliability can be ensured for long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) photovoltaic cell aggregate; and    (2) photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of a photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode layer (405, 407)    Photovoltaic layer (406)
NOVELTY - A reaction container has a heater (15) arranged between a substrate (14) and a ladder-type electrode (23) that generates a glow discharge plasma. The surface temperature of the substrate is controlled by the heater, and the reactive gas (22) consisting of silane gas mixed to hydrogen is passed into the reaction chamber so as to form a thin film on the substrate.    USE - For forming amorphous silicon thin film in manufacture of amorphous silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - An amorphous silicon thin film of good quality with a low crystal defect density, hence photo degradation of the solar cell is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction container (11)    substrate (14)    heater (15)    reactive gas (22)    ladder-type electrode (23)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst has catalyst layer containing noble metals and active oxygen supply material to oxidize carbon monoxide, on a support. The noble metals are present at preset distance to accept active oxygen from the active oxygen supply material.    USE - For carbon monoxide concentration reduction in fuel reformed gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst efficiently reduces the carbon monoxide in the fuel-reformed gas by using carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) carbon monoxide concentration reduction of fuel reformed gas; and    (2) manufacturing method of carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph illustrating the influence of cesium load acting on the exit carbon monoxide concentration by carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The manufacture of an optical system device matrix involves heating transparent silica and aluminosilicate glass by pulse electric heating, sintering, melting and cooling at a specific temperature and pressure.    USE - Used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent silica glass and aluminosilicate glass are prepared at low temperature in a short time. The optical system device has high strength.
NOVELTY - A heating-gas supply units is provided with the hydrogen separation units (410,420). Carbon monoxide (CO) sensors (418,428) detect the specific amount of CO gas mixed in hydrogen permeated through the films (414,424). A controller (600) regulates operation of the cut-off valves (V1a-V1d,V2a-V2d) based on the sensors to regulate supply of hydrogen from the separation units to fuel cell.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The concentration of carbon monoxide mixed in the hydrogen is decreased efficiently. The abnormality in carbon monoxide concentration is notified to the user based on the output of sensors. The fuel-cell output reduction is restrained by reducing the mixing of CO.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen gas supply method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the heating-gas generating units. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    heating-gas generating units (240)    hydrogen separation units (410,420)    hydrogen permeation films (414,424)    carbon monoxide sensors (418,428)    controller (600)    cut-off valves (V1a-V1d,V2a-V2d)
NOVELTY - A gas barrier film (1) has a gas barrier layer (4) formed on one or both surfaces of a base material (2), by plasma chemical vapor deposition or a sputtering method. The base material is a polymeric resin to which oxygen or mixed gas of oxygen and inert gas is introduced under a pressure of 1-90 Pa. The etching rate during etching of base material by the gas is 0.001-0.15 microm/minute.    USE - Used as package material for packaging foodstuffs, pharmaceutical products and electronic device and also for cover film of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gas barrier film has excellent gas barrier property, impact strength, transparency and flexibility. The base material is firmly adhered to the gas barrier layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional block diagram of the gas barrier film.    gas barrier film (1)    base material (2)    gas barrier layer (4)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module has liquid mixing curable resin (6) such as silicone resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin or epoxy resin which is filled in the space formed between a transparent base material (3) and a protection layer (7).    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - By filling the space between the transparent base material and the protection layer with curable resin, the mechanical and thermal load on the solar cell are avoided, the durability of the module is improved without impairing the property of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the solar cell module manufacturing process.    transparent base material (3)    liquid mixing curable resin (6)    protection layer (7)
NOVELTY - A sealant (3) is interposed between the cooling substrates (1A,1B) which holds the cooling pipe (2). A resin impregnation layer (6) is formed on the peripheral portion of the substrates sealed with sealant.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents permeation of phosphoric acid and gas between the substrates hence simplifies handling.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the cooling plate.    cooling substrates (1A,1B)    cooling pipe (2)    sealant (3)    resin impregnation layer (6)
NOVELTY - A coating film (5) consisting of acrylic type resin polymer polymerized by hydrophobic monomer is provided on surface of thin film solar cell integrated with resin frame.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents corrosion of solar cell by providing a cheap and reliable coating film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    coating film (5)
NOVELTY - Sealing arrangement has a sealing element (17) with a peripheral sealing strip (20) protruding into a sealing gap (19) to close the gap by pressing between cell separating plates (1, 4).    USE - Used for fuel cells or a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - A gas tight seal is formed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the sealing arrangement. The sealing strip is made from an injection molded polymer and completely fills the sealing gap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through an edge zone of a fuel cell with the sealing arrangement.    Cell separating plates (1, 4)    External edge (11)    Sealing element (17)    Sealing gap (19)    Sealing strip (20)    External edge (26)
NOVELTY - Bipolar plate made of graphite or a graphite composite material comprises a porous region inside the bipolar plate and at least one inlet and outlet line adjoined to this porous region.    USE - Used for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Waste heat is effectively removed. Additional cooling cells are not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the above bipolar plate.
NOVELTY - The supported noble metal catalyst has any one of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Ag, Cu and Ni as the active component; and any one of active carbon, graphite, carbon nanotube, Al2O3, SiO2, molecular sieve, MgO and TiO2 as the carrier. Its active component accounts for 0.1-90 % and metal particle size of 0.5-6 nm.    USE - As catalyst for fuel cell    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalyst ensures that the fuel cell possess high performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of preparing the above catalyst, by dispersing the active component, hydroxide or carbonate of alkali metal or alkali earth metal and carrier in solvent separately; mixing in certain proportion, heating the solution, adding nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid or acetic acid as precipitation promoter; and stoving.
NOVELTY - An exhaust gas purifying method for a fuel cell vehicle, includes preparing an exhaust gas purifying system having a methane removal catalyst for accelerating conversion of methane into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The methane removal catalyst comprises a first catalytic ingredient including rhodium, platinum or palladium.    USE - For purifying exhaust gas in fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method can remove methane contained in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell vehicle efficiently even in a low temperature range, for e.g. at most 400 degrees C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An exhaust gas purifying method for a fuel cell vehicle, comprises preparing an exhaust gas purifying system for the fuel cell vehicle. The exhaust gas purifying system includes a methane removal catalyst for accelerating conversion of methane into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The methane removal catalyst comprises a first catalytic ingredient including rhodium, platinum or palladium. An oxygen excessive rate (R) of exhaust gas introduced to a region where the methane removal catalyst is disposed is set at 50-98%. It is defined by formula (1), where C-O2 is a concentration of oxygen, C-CH4 is a concentration of methane, and CH2 is a concentration of hydrogen.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an exhaust gas purifying system for a fuel cell vehicle.
NOVELTY - The apertures are machined within electrically conductive sheet such that each aperture is aligned and undersized with respect to its matched cover glass sheet, to form front side aperture (FSA) shield (102). Edge clips connect cover glasses (106) of solar array to the solar panel perimeter substrate surface. The FSA shield, edge clips and substrate edges are bonded to form conductively grounded and clean panel.    USE - Used for manufacturing electrostatically clean solar array (ECSA) panel e.g. for space use.    ADVANTAGE - Active power circuit of the solar panel array is electromagnetically isolated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrostatically clean solar array panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cover glass interconnections in prototypical array.    FA shield (102)    Cover glass (106)
NOVELTY - An off-gas combustor (5) burns off-gas of an anode pole (41) of a fuel cell (4). A heat exchanger (6) is installed in downstream side of cooling portion (42), for heat recovery, using off-gas heat of combustion as warm water. The off-gas combustor supplies remaining gas to a modifier combustion burner (2) through a route (25), to burn the unburnt gas.    USE - Fuel cell co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Burnt and unburnt components are recovered by passing remaining gas of combustor to burner and thermal recovery of off-gas is made through heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel co-generation system. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Modifier combustion burner (2)    Fuel cell (4)    Off-gas combustor (5)    Heat exchanger (6)    Route (25)    Anode pole (41)    Cooling portion (42)
NOVELTY - The metal containing an impurity element is maintained in molten state. The medium absorbs the impurity element from the molten metal. The gas is released which goes into the medium containing an impurity element and reacts with the element for purification.    USE - For manufacture of silicon and silicon raw material for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method has improved capability for removing boron from the melting silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The medium absorbing impurity element mainly consists of calcium oxide. The impurity element is any one of boron or carbon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the apparatus used for implementation of purification method.
NOVELTY - The temperature sensors (19,16) detect the temperature within the carbon monoxide (CO) removal devices (3,4) respectively. A controller (18) controls the amount of supply to of oxidizing agent to CO removal device (4) from the downstream side, according to the detected temperature within the CO removal device (3) at upstream side.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide in reformed gas of fuel cell system used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide is removed from reformed gas easily and effectively without using the carbon monoxide detection sensor. Thus the structure of the apparatus is simplified, cost is reduced and consumption of hydrogen is also suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    CO removal devices (3,4)    temperature sensors (16,19)    controller (18)
NOVELTY - The catalyst component reforms hydrocarbon by reacting with water to generate hydrogen. The catalyst component comprises a catalyst substance uniformly distributed over a zeolite substrate. The zeolite substrate has porous structure containing small-diameter pore which adsorbs hydrocarbon molecule and large-diameter pore which permeates a reformed product of hydrogen and water.    USE - For hydrocarbon reformation.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst increases the efficiency of the hydrocarbon reformation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of catalyst; and    (2) hydrocarbon reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the pore-size-distribution measurement-result of small-diameter pore of zeolite substrate catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Dopant liquid (2) is applied on an application area on the flat surface of a rectangular silicon substrate (1) by inkjet printing. An n+ layer (4) and a p+ layer (9) are formed at the application area and at the reverse side surface of the substrate, respectively.    USE - Used as a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A favorable photoelectric conversion characteristics is obtained. Manufacturing is simplified and manufacturing cost is reduced. Wastage of material is reduced. Dopant liquid can be applied easily, uniformly and correctly for a predetermined area of the substrate by ink jet printing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) solar cell manufacture; and    (2) a solar cell manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell during manufacture.    Rectangular silicon substrate (1)    Dopant liquid (2)    n+ layer (4)    p+ layer (9)
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger plate (40) has bulged portions (Ci) which project towards a reformation chamber (3). The bulged portion is formed by thermal expansion of the heat exchanger plate.    USE - For assisting power generation in solid polymer type, phosphoric acid type, solid electrolyte type and molten polymer carbonate type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the bulged portions are formed by thermal expansion of heat exchanger plate, the need for providing thick heat exchanger plate is eliminated, thereby obtaining reformer with excellent starting characteristics and increased durability at reduced cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side sectional view of the reformer.    reformation chamber (3)    heat exchanger plate (40)    bulged portions (Ci)
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises silver and zinc oxide as main component.    USE - For petroleum refining, desulfurization, hydrogenation reaction for ammonia synthesis, organic compounds manufacture, metallurgical industry, semiconductor industry and fuel cell techniques.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst for hydrogen manufacture acts stably, advantageously for long period of time and hence produces high purity hydrogen. The catalyst used is highly active and has good durability. The carbon monoxide generated as by-product is very less. The methanol reformer is advanced with simple and reduced size. Stationary and portable type reformers are available hence enhancing easy process. Hydrogen gas is manufactured advantageously when methanol reformer is of vehicle mounted type, having reduced size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst for hydrogen manufacture contains gallium and/or an aluminum.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises visible-light response-type titanium oxide as electrode.    USE - As an electrode (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A durable solar cell is provided, without using a pigment. Production of the cell is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production method of solar cell.
NOVELTY - The solar cell performs electricity generation in an electric-power generation layer (5) by multipath reflection of light of small wavelength in the interface boundaries (10,11) having a repeated uneven structure. The average height of the structure exceeds the average pitch width interval by 0.5-2 times, repeatedly.    USE - For solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures multiple interference characteristics of the small wavelength light by phase change of the light in the uneven structure without degrading the film quality of the electric-power generation layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    electric-power generation layer (5)    interface boundaries (10,11)
NOVELTY - The wet solar cell has gelatinized electrolyte liquid that reacts with oligomer having hydrosilyl group at both terminals and cross-linking agent having three or more double bond groups.    USE - Wet solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The wet solar cell having favorable battery property is obtained efficiently.
NOVELTY - Quaternary metal catalyst for a fuel cell comprising platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (Ru), M1 and M2. M1 and M2 are different metals selected from rhodium (Rh), nickel (Ni) and osmium (Os).    USE - Used for fuel cell electrode for direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst can give high power density due to high activity to methanol oxidation and strong resistance to catalyst poisoning.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the performance of a quaternary Pt-Ru-Rh-Ni catalyst compared with a secondary Pt-Ru catalyst.
NOVELTY - Sulfur is removed from a fuel supply stream by hydrogenating the fuel supply stream by contacting it with a hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to convert sulfur-containing compounds to hydrogen sulfide, removing the hydrogen sulfide, and pre-reforming the desulfurized fuel stream.    USE - The invention is used for the removal of sulfur from a fuel supply stream e.g. gasoline, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas, or natural gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention improves the overall efficiency of fuel cell systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Removal of sulfur from a fuel supply stream for a fuel cell (1) comprises hydrogenating the fuel supply stream by contacting it with a hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to convert sulfur-containing compounds in the fuel supply stream to hydrogen sulfide; removing the hydrogen sulfide to produce a desulfurized fuel stream; and pre-reforming the desulfurized fuel stream to produce a fuel cell feed stream. A portion of the fuel cell feed stream is processed to increase its hydrogen content to produce a hydrogen-enriched fuel stream which is used as a source of hydrogen to hydrogenate the fuel supply stream.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel processing system comprising a hydrogenation unit (3) comprising a hydrogenation catalyst; hydrogen sulfide removal mechanism provided downstream from and in communication with the hydrogenation unit; a pre-reformer (5) provided downstream from and in communication with the hydrogen sulfide mechanism; and hydrogen intensifier (8) which is provided downstream from and in communication with the pre-reformer and upstream from an in communication with the hydrogenation unit, where the hydrogen intensifier receives a portion of the output of the pre-reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the inventive method.    Fuel cell (1)    Hydrogenation unit (3)    Pre-reformer (5)    Hydrogen intensifier (8)
NOVELTY - A stabilized biocompatible membrane (61) comprising a layer of synthetic polymer material having first and second sides, and polypeptide(s) (62, 63), is new. The polypeptide is capable of participating in chemical reaction; transporting of molecules, atoms, protons, or electrons from first side to second side, or in the formation of molecular structures that facilitate reactions or transport.    USE - For use in fuel cell (claimed), sensor or battery.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is stable and functional.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a fuel cell comprising anode compartment having anode (49), cathode (45) compartment having cathode, and stabilized biocompatible membrane(s); and    (b) a solution useful for producing biocompatible membrane comprising synthetic polymer material(s) (1-30 w/v%), stabilizing polymer(s) (30 wt.%), and polypeptide(s) (0.001-10 w/v%).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates in cross section, an arrangement of a dielectric barrier, anode, cathode, and biocompatible membrane.    Anode (44)    Cathode (45)    Biocompatible membrane (61)    Polypeptides (62, 63).
NOVELTY - A reaction chamber (112) receives 1,2 dichloroethylene and oxygen from respective sources (118,122). Another reaction chamber (124) receives hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen from respective sources (128,130,132). A nitrogen gas source (117) and the output ports of the reaction chambers are connected to a shower head (104) of a furnace (102) through input plumbings (110,114,116,126).    USE - For forming dielectric layers during MOSFET, P and N-channel FET formation in integrated circuit fabrication.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming thin silicon oxide layer on the wafer with high degree of uniformity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) dielectric layer formation method;    (2) field effect transistor manufacturing method; and    (3) oxide furnace system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the furnace of the dry/catalytic-wet steam oxidation apparatus.    furnace (102)    shower head (104)    reaction chambers (112,124)    input plumbings (110,114,116,126)    nitrogen gas source (117)    dichloroethylene source (118)    oxygen sources (122,130)    hydrogen source (128)    nitrogen source (132)
NOVELTY - A subassembly comprises a metal foil gas barrier with first and second faces. A porous metal flow field is formed on the first face, with a microporous layer comprising gas diffusion matrix also formed on the first field. A second porous metal flow field is formed on the second face, with a second microporous layer comprising a gas diffusion matrix also formed on the second field.    USE - Used for stack of electrochemical cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a metal structure with higher electrical conductivity than conventional bipolar plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a metal foam flow field with sintered metal gas diffuser as its face.    Structure (100)    Porous foam metal flow field (102)    Gas diffusion layer (104)    Membrane (106)    Electrodes (108, 109)
NOVELTY - A controller (19) controls the air supply pressure of variable relief valve (4) to be higher in the upstream side of reformer (11), than a predetermined value and sets the opening of a flow control valve (8) small during shutdown of fuel cell stack (14).    USE - Fuel cell system for power generation, using reformed gas of fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Reliably prevents the backflow of the reformed gas during shutdown, hence the deterioration of the flow control valve is prevented while promptly migrates the system to stop state and restrains the loss of energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    flow control valves (2,8,9,10)    compressor (3)    variable relief valve (4)    flow amount sensors (5-7)    modifier (11)    temperature sensor (12)    pressure sensor (13)    fuel cell stack (14)    controller (19)
NOVELTY - The electrode (4) at the lower portion of substrate (1), has sheet resistance in the range of 10-40 Ohm/square. The remaining portions of the substrate doped with semiconductor impurity, have sheet resistances in the range of 60-300 Ohm/square.    USE - Solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Increase in resistance values suppresses the carrier diffusion at electrode and carrier recombination at ohmic contact electrode, thereby increasing efficiency of solar battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar battery element.    Silicon substrate (1)    Low concentration diffusion layer (1a)    High concentration diffusion layer (1c)    Surface electrode (3)    Lower side electrode (4)    Solder layers (5)
NOVELTY - The controller (9) controls the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel reformer (20) based on abnormality of fuel reformer, determined according to concentration of hydrogen generated by the fuel reformer for supply to a fuel cell (7).    USE - For controlling operation of fuel reformer which enables reaction of fuel such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, naphtha and kerosene, with water vapor, alcohol such as methanol and dimethyl ether, in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables preventing deterioration in hydrogen generation amount, thereby improving performance characteristics of the fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    burner combustion unit (1)    modifier (2)    heat exchanger (3)    evaporation unit (4)    purification unit (6)    fuel cell (7)    controller (9)    fuel reformer (20)
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger (11) is interposed in a hydrogen flow path (L1) extending between a liquid-hydrogen tank (1) and a vaporizer (2). A refrigerant flows through a refrigerant flow path (Lc) for cooling a hydrogen occlusion alloy (4) which stores hydrogen gas manufactured by a modifier (3). The liquid hydrogen is made to exchange heat with the refrigerant.    USE - For supplying fuel hydrogen to motor vehicles using fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The load of the vaporizer is reduced, by performing heat exchange of the liquid hydrogen before supplying the liquid hydrogen to the vaporizer. The temperature difference of the hydrogen occlusion discharge from the hydrogen occlusion alloy is enlarged. The moisture content is removed from the hydrogen gas, improving the durability of the hydrogen occlusion alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen supplying installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    liquid-hydrogen tank (1)    vaporizer (2)    modifier (3)    heat exchanger (11)    hydrogen flow path (L1)    refrigerant flow path (Lc)
NOVELTY - The reformer is equipped with reforming portion (142), a sensor (426) and a control portion. The reforming portion stores a catalyst for reforming a vaporized hydrocarbon compound to a hydrogen-rich heating gas. The sensor measures the amount of methane produced in the reforming portion. The control portion controls the reforming reaction conditions according to the sensor signals.    USE - For producing hydrogen-rich heating gas, in fuel cell system and moving bodies (claimed) such as electric trains which are controlled by computer programs. The fuel cell is used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer has high reforming reaction efficiency by suppressing the amount of methane produced in the reforming portion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system containing the reformer; and    (2) vehicle containing the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an internal structure of fuel cell system.    ECU (control unit) (70)    reforming portion (142)    raw material evaporator (144)    fuel cell (150)    methane concentration sensor (426)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas path (L2) with hydrogen-separation type reformer (3), is connected to a specific side (12a) of ejector (12) which is interposed in downstream side of another hydrogen gas path (L1) with vaporizer (2).    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas generated in catalyst packing fraction of hydrogen-separation type reformer easily permeates through the tube surface of hydrogen column. Eliminates the need for hydrogen occlusion alloy by suction action of ejector. Cold heat retained by the liquid hydrogen, is effectively used for cooling a compressor. Improves efficiency of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen supply structure. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Vaporizer (2)    Hydrogen-separation type reformer (3)    Ejector (12)    Side of ejector (12a)    Hydrogen gas paths (L1,L2)
NOVELTY - The diffused reflection board includes several protrusions and recesses of different height and depth values formed in a regular sequence on surface.    USE - For solar cell of LCD used in clock/calculator, TV, PC, office automation (OA) apparatus, audio-video (AV) equipment, view finder, navigation system.    ADVANTAGE - Spectroscopy is suppressed even if outdoor daylight is irradiated thus enhancing high reflection characteristics and improving display quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) transfer pattern formation method;    (2) transfer base film formation method;    (3) transfer film; and    (4) diffused reflection board manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the protrusion and recesses formed on diffused reflection board. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The ferritic stainless steel comprises (in mass%) chromium (8-25), carbon (0.03 or less), nitrogen (0.03 or less), silicon (0.1-2.5), manganese (1.5 or less), sulfur (0.008 or less), aluminum (4 or less), and remaining iron.    USE - As structural material for alcohol group fuel modifiers which manufactures hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The ferritic stainless steel has improved water-vapor resistant oxidizability, and red-proof scale property imparted by silicon and aluminum. Hot-working property of ferritic stainless steel is improved due to boron, magnesium, cobalt and nickel. Niobium, titanium, molybdenum and copper improves the high temperature strength, hence imparting excellent thermal fatigue property to the steel. Chromium oxide film on surface of steel is strengthened by adding silicon, restricting oxidizing components such as water and carbon dioxide reaching the substrate steel and hence preventing red scale generation. The surface of steel has high environmental crossing-gate ability without deteriorating oxide film when exposed to high temperature for a long time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ferritic stainless steel comprises (in mass%) chromium (8-25), carbon (0.03 or less), nitrogen (0.03 or less), silicon (0.1-2.5), manganese (1.5 or less), sulfur (0.008 or less), aluminum (4 or less), and remaining iron. The value of A is adjusted in the range of 13-60, and given as A=Cr+5(Si+Al). The ferritic stainless steel further contains yttrium, rare earth elements, calcium, niobium, titanium, molybdenum and copper.
NOVELTY - The synthetic gas-producing catalyst contains nickel provided on the surface of a diamond support.    USE - For production of synthesis gas (claimed) such as hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide as source for fuel cell for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The synthesis gas is produced with high ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as the methanol conversion ratio is increased by using the catalyst. By-products such as methane and carbon dioxide are not formed. The catalyst is suitable for manufacture of synthesis gas and the formed gas can be used as source of hydrogen for fuel cell in vehicles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of synthetic gas-producing catalyst; and    (2) manufacture of synthesis gas.
NOVELTY - A precursor mixture containing zinc and palladium is mixed with activated alumina to manufacture dimethyl-ether modification catalyst.    USE - For manufacturing dimethyl-ether modification catalyst for hydrogen-containing gas-making method (claimed) for manufacturing hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas is used for chemical industry or semiconductors, such as hydrogenation of ammonia synthesis and various organic compounds, petroleum refining, desulfurization, metallurgy and glass manufacture. As raw material for fuel cells used as power source of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Dimethyl-ether modification catalyst enables to manufacture mixed gas with high hydrogen concentration easily with small apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Activated alumina is gamma-alumina, delta-alumina and/or theta-alumina. Precursor mixture further contains chromium.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen containing gas-making method.
NOVELTY - A photoelectrode (10) has a semiconductor electrode (2), a transparent electrode (1) and a light reflection layer (7). The light reflection layer has a thickness of 3-50 microns and contains particles (I,II) having an average particle diameter of 150 nm or more. The particles (I,II) have a refractive index of 1.8 or less and 2.4 or more, respectively. The amount of particles (II) occupied in the layer (7) is 15-40 vol.%.    USE - Used for pigment sensitizing type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectrode has good utility value of incident light and provides pigment sensitizing type solar cell having good energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photoelectrode (10) has a light-receiving surface (F2), a semiconductor electrode (2), a transparent electrode (1) adjacent to the upper side of surface (F2), and a light reflection layer (7) adjacent to reverse side (F23) of the semiconductor electrode, which opposes the light receiving surface. The light reflection layer has a thickness of 3-50 microns and contains particles (I,II) having an average particle diameter of 150 nm or more. The particles (I,II) have a refractive index of 1.8 or less and 2.4 or more, respectively. The amount of particle (II) in the light reflection layer is 15-40 vol.%. The particle (I) is silica particle and particle (II) is rutile type titanium oxide particle. The oxide semiconductor particle is titanium oxide of anatase type, zinc oxide, tin oxide and/or niobium oxide.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model sectional view of photoelectrode.    Transparent electrode (1)    Semiconductor electrode (2)    Light reflection layer (7)    Photoelectrode (10)    Light-receiving surface (F2)    Reverse side of semiconductor electrode (F23)
NOVELTY - A photoelectrode (10) has a semiconductor electrode (2) having an inner layer (21) and an outer layer (22) comprising oxide semiconductor particles (A). The inner layer has a thickness of 1-5 microns and comprises particles (A) with an average particle diameter (D) of 70 nm or less and 100 nm or more. The outer layer has a thickness of 5-49 microns and comprises particles (A) with a diameter (D) of 70 nm or less and 150 nm or more.    USE - Used for a pigment sensitizing type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectrode has good utilization efficiency of the incident light, and has good energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photoelectrode has a transparent electrode (1) arranged on light receiving surface (F2) of a semiconductor electrode. The electrode (2) has an inner layer and an outer layer comprising a sensitizing dye and oxide semiconductor particles (A). The inner layer (21) has a thickness of 1-5 microns and comprises particles (A) with an average particle diameter (D) of 70 nm or less. The ratio of particles (A) having a diameter (D) of 100 nm or more in the inner layer (21) is 5% or less. The outer layer (22) has a thickness of 5-49 microns and comprises particles (A) with a diameter (D) of 70 nm or less and 150 nm or more.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a pigment sensitizing type solar cell which has the above photoelectrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of photoelectrode.    Transparent electrode (1)    Semiconductor electrode (2)    Photoelectrode (10)    Inner layer (21)    Outer layer (22)    Light receiving surface (F2)
NOVELTY - Generating electrical power generation comprising performing methane fermentation of organic waste, to produce digested gas containing methane, reforming digested gas to produce hydrogen, and occluding hydrogen into hydrogen occlusion material. The method supplies hydrogen discharged from hydrogen occlusion material and oxygen from oxygen source to the fuel cell. The hydrogen occlusion material is an alloy.    USE - The method is useful for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical power generation method provides high electrical power generation efficiency, and provides hydrogen of high purity to fuel cell by hydrogen occlusion material. The method responds to fluctuation of electrical power load easily, by discharging hydrogen from a hydrogen occlusion material and increasing the electrical power. The method provides storage of electrical power as hydrogen, and therefore need for storage of electrical power directly in the storage battery is eliminated. The method eliminates need for a large-sized apparatus, and the whole electrical power generation system is small. The utilization of external energy is eliminated during methane fermentation and hydrogen discharge from occlusion material, by using the heat from hydrogen production. The hydrogen not utilized in the fuel cell is easily recycled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an electrical power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of the above fuel cell electrical power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A metal-micro particle aggregated layer (1) is formed on a transparent base material (4) through an aggregated promotion layer (2) with a thickness of 10-10,000 nm and a solvent permeation layer (3) with a thickness of 1-100 micrometers.    USE - For electromagnetic wave shielding of a display device e.g. an electro luminescent (EL) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a plasma display panel (PDP), and as a transparent electrode for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Favorable surface resistance and visible ray transmittance are obtained easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a transparent electroconductive film manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the transparent electroconductive film.    metal microparticle aggregated layer (1)    promotion layer (2)    permeation layer (3)    transparent base material (4)
NOVELTY - The sealing film has a thermal bonding layer laminated over the polyethylene-terephthalate film. The thermal bonding layer has a polyolefin-type resin such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or styrene olefin copolymer resin.    USE - For sealing reverse surface of solar cells (claimed) integrated in building roofs, watch, calculator, mobile telephone, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Provides excellent heat resisting property and mechanical characteristics. Also improves adhesion property and contributes to size reduction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.
NOVELTY - A flexible solar cell (1) has electrode membrane (4) comprising nickel layer (12), silver layer (14) and zinc-oxide layer, formed on substrate (2). A surface electrode membrane (8) is formed over an optoelectric transducer membrane (6) that is formed on the electrode membrane.    USE - Flexible solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides higher adhesivity at electrode membrane and substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the electrode of flexible solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of flexible solar cell.    flexible solar cell (1)    substrate (2)    electrode membrane (4)    optoelectric transducer membrane (6)    surface electrode membrane (8)    nickel layer (12)    silver layer (14)
NOVELTY - The solar cell, attached with protective layers (2,4) on both sides, is attached to surface protection unit (1) through the protective layer (2) by pressure heating. A collector lead wire (6) is connected to solar cell by connection lead wire (7). A surface sealing compound (5) is formed between the surface and reverse side protection units at the predetermined gap (g) with respect to edges of the solar cell.    USE - Solar cell attached to roof, window, etc., of building.    ADVANTAGE - The thickness of the adhesive resin sealing agent is reduced, and the simplification of manufacturing method and shortening of manufacturing time can be obtained using solar cell module manufacturing method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Surface protection unit (1)    Protective layers (2,4)    Surface sealing compound (5)    Collector lead wire (6)    Connection lead wire (7)    Gap (g)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer material comprises a sequential lamination of an electron donor and a calixarene-fullerene complex on an electroconductive substrate. The calixarene-fullerene complex is formed by coupling a calixarene and a fullerene in a ratio of 2:1. The calixarene contains a hydrophobic group on the upper end and an ionic hydrophilic functional group on the lower end.    USE - Photoelectric transducer for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer material has excellent photoelectric conversion property. The optoelectric transducer material having a thin film of fullerene is produced by a simple process without impairing the inherent characteristics of the material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The optoelectric-transducer material comprises a sequential lamination of an electron donor and a calixarene-fullerene complex on an electroconductive substrate. The electroconductive substrate has a surface with an electric charge opposite to the hydrophilic functional group of calixarene. The electron donor has a functional group with an electric charge opposite to the hydrophilic functional group of calixarene. The calixarene-fullerene complex is formed by coupling calixarene and fullerene in a ratio of 2:1. Calixarene contains a hydrophobic group on upper end and an ionic hydrophilic functional group on lower end.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph showing the result of photoelectric current response measurement of an optoelectric-transducer material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The protective coat (7) covering the photovoltaic cell comprises polytetrafluorethylene, silicone cellulose nitrate, alkyd resin or acrylic resin.    USE - Photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Photovoltaic cell with improved impact strength, weather resistance, corrosion-proof property and heat resistance is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photovoltaic cell manufacture    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the photovoltaic cell manufacture.    Protective coat (7)
NOVELTY - A polymeric resin substrate is heated to a predetermined temperature for emission of gas from the inner surface of the substrate before forming a thin film on the substrate.    USE - Manufacturing thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - By heating the substrate, contaminated gases are emitted from the substrate so a high quality thin film can be formed on the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for substrate treatment equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the substrate treatment equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Production of bipolar plates for fuel cells from conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix comprises treating them with high frequency radiation or applying a potential across them. This pyrolyses the matrix between the particles.    USE - Production of bipolar plates for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The conductivity of the plates is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for bipolar plates produced using the method.
NOVELTY - Production of silicon comprises reacting silica or silicate with hydrogen fluoride or a group I or II metal fluoride and heating, giving water or hexafluorosilicate and SiF4, reacting with metal to Si and MFx, decomposing MFx with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to HF and M sulfate.    USE - The process is used for producing amorphous silicon (claimed). Solar grade amorphous silicon produced in this way is useful for producing silicon nitride and highly disperse silica. Highly pure crystalline (polycrystalline) silicon from this process is useful for solar or photovoltaic applications and as semiconductor silicon.    ADVANTAGE - Silicon is produced by a closed process with minimum by-product formation, in which the reagents needed are largely recovered from the process educts. Solar grade amorphous silicon powder and highly pure silicon can be produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of silicon (Si) comprises:    (a) reacting silica (SiO2) or silicate with hydrogen fluoride (HF) or a group I or II metal fluoride (MFx) and heating, giving water or hexafluorosilicate and SiF4;    (b) reacting SiF4 with metal M to Si and MFx;    (c) decomposing MFx with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to HF and M sulfate;    (d) using HF from stage (c) in (a); and    (e) converting M sulfate from (c) into M used in (b) and H2SO4 used in (c).
NOVELTY - A glass plate is formed on melt tin where the difference of visible light reflective rate on the surface in contact with tin and the surface on the other aide is 0.25 % or less, when the thickness is 4 mm, the light permeation at 540 nm is at least 91.5% and at 450 nm 91.0%, and permeation at 540 nm after UV ray radiation according to JIS R3212 for 6 hours is 91.0% and at 450 nm 90.5%.    USE - Used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The glass has high light permeation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a glass plate for photoelectro exchange device by forming a conductive film on the surface opposite to the side in contact with tin.
NOVELTY - Perforated gas-distributing plate for compact fuel cells has a plate-shaped metal member with apertures, each having a diameter of not more than 2 mm. The plate-shaped member has one smooth face and another face formed with gas channels (6) by an etching process such that the channels are spaced apart one from another by a distance of not more than 2 mm. Each channel has a depth of not more than 0.6 mm and a width of not more than 2 mm.    USE - The perforated gas-distributing plate is used in a separator plate for compact fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The separator plate manufactured using the gas-distributing plate is thinner and no more susceptible to breakage by an externally applied force due to its higher physical strength, compared to conventional graphite separator plates. Since the gas channels formed on the gas-distributing plate have the same dimension, contact resistance decreases and thus performance of fuel cell increases. The separator plate is made of a metal material, thus cost and manpower are reduced when etching the separator plate, and mass production of the separator plate is possible. The compact fuel cells comprising the separator plate are advantageous in terms of power density, reliability, and economic efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a separator plate for compact fuel cells, which comprises two perforated gas-distributing plates (1, 3) and a thin metal plate (2) interposed between the two perforated gas-distributing plates. The thin metal plate has a thickness of not more than 0.6 mm and is sandwiched with each gas channel-formed face of the two perforated gas-distributing plates. The two perforated plates and the thin metal plate are bonded to each other to ensure gas sealing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an exploded view of a separator plate for compact fuel cells.    Gas-distributing plates (1, 3)    Thin metal plate (2)    Gas channels (6)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell plates are manufactured by providing a continuous press (40) with a movable belt; dispensing a sifted material (95) on the belt; leveling the material; removing air from the material; subjecting the material to pressure and heat; and indenting the material with a predetermined pattern.    USE - For manufacture of fuel cell plates.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has an increased manufacturing efficiency, improved quality and lower cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) an apparatus for making fuel cell plates comprising a press including a pair or upper rollers (42, 44), a pair of lower rollers (46, 48), an upper belt (50) mounted to the upper rollers, a lower belt (52) mounted to the lower rollers and mechanism for applying pressure and heat; a hopper mounted to the press above the lower belt for holding and dispensing a material onto the belt to be formed into a product; a sifter mounted to the hopper and including a mesh screen for selectively passing the material; a leveler (66) mounted to the press downstream of the sifter for determining the initial thickness of the material; and a rollers operatively connected to the press for removing air from the material; and    (b) a process for making a tool for embossing fuel cell plates comprising forming a master element on a metal plate; forming thin copies of the plate; trimming the thin copies; welding the thin copies into an elongated strip; forming the strip into a cylindrical shape; forming a copy of the cylinder about the cylinder; and forming an embossing tool within the copied cylinder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagrammatic isometric view of a double band press for making fuel cell plates.    Press (40)    Pair or upper rollers (42, 44)    Pair of lower rollers (46, 48)    Reaction zone (49)    Upper belt (50)    Lower belt (52)    Leveler (66)    Sifted material (95)
NOVELTY - A reformer comprises a housing including an outer cylindrical casing (21) and an end plate (22, 25, 26, 27, 30); and a reforming catalyst (42) disposed within the first fluid flow path. The casing has a tubular end, and the end plate has an abutting rim (251, 261, 262, 271, 272).    USE - Used as a reformer, e.g. carbon monoxide (CO) shift reactor, a CO reducer, a CO oxidizer, or a CO methanation reaction vessel, useful in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is low-priced in which it is possible to form highly precise and gas-tight seams suffering from no weld strains by automatic joining.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reformer comprises a housing including an outer cylindrical casing and an end plate hermetically joined to the casing, the housing defining a first fluid flow path and a second fluid flow path in a heat exchanging relationship; and a reforming catalyst disposed within the first fluid flow path. The casing has a tubular end, and the end plate has an abutting rim that contacts with and extends along the tubular end of the casing and that is folded together over its entire circumference to define a folded hermetic seam (C1, C2, C3, C4) between the casing and the end plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal view of the reformer.    Outer cylindrical casing (21)    End plate (22, 25, 26, 27, 30)    Reforming catalyst (42)    Rim (251, 261, 262, 271, 272)    Seam (C1, C2, C3, C4)
NOVELTY - An oxygen reduction catalyst comprises: (i) 95-99.9 wt.% of carbon black; (ii) 0.1-5 wt.% of metal; and (iii) 0.05-5 wt.% of nitrogen.    USE - For use in an oxygen reduction cathode used in a battery and a fuel cell such as metal-based fuel cell, hydrogen-based fuel cell, acid-based fuel cell and alkaline-based fuel cell, and used for generating chlorine and base from a solution of alkali chloride using a membrane (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is produced at high rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) preparation of the catalyst which involves adding carbon black, metal-containing and/or nitrogen-containing precursor(s) and an optional reducing agent to a reaction zone and heating the reaction zone at 600-1000 degreesC for 5 seconds to 240 minutes;    (2) an oxygen reduction cathode having an active layer comprising the catalyst;    (3) a battery comprising the oxygen reduction cathode; and    (4) a fuel cell comprising the oxygen reduction cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of preparation of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (FC) controller (100) adjusts the temperature-rise start timing of an evaporation unit (210) and an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) for reformation (224), according to the initial state of evaporation unit and EHC for reformation, so as to raise the temperature of evaporation unit and EHC for reformation, in parallel.    USE - Fuel reformer for fuel cell system for electric and hybrid vehicles, ship and electric train/tram.    ADVANTAGE - The offset of completion time of temperature rise of evaporator and EHC for reformation is reduced, by raising the temperature of evaporation unit and EHC for reformation, in parallel and hence starting time of fuel reformer is shortened.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel-cell system (60)    FC controller (100)    fuel reformer (200)    evaporation unit (210)    EHC for reformation (224)    fuel cell (300)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in hydrogen rich gas is estimated from the output of a temperature detector (7) which measures the temperature of the CO removal apparatus (6). An oxygen supply system (13) supplies the oxygen containing gas of controlled amount to the CO removal apparatus.    USE - Fuel cell system used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Accurate CO concentration estimation is performed without requiring an expensive CO sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    CO removal apparatus (6)    temperature measuring device (7)    CO oxidation oxygen supply system (13)
NOVELTY - A compound semiconductor layer is formed by heating sodium fluoride, copper, silver, indium, gallium, selenium and sulfur at specific temperature. The mass of sodium fluoride is 0.001 times or more of the mass of indium and gallium.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell with high energy conversion efficiency, is obtained, at low cost.
NOVELTY - A crystalline silicon thin film (3) comprising p-type, intrinsic and n-type layers (3a-3c), is formed on a glass substrate (1) through a transparent conductive film (2). The volume of a crystal grain oriented in the azimuthal direction is maximum, and the volume of the grain inclined 15 degrees or more from the azimuthal direction, is below half of the volume of grain in the azimuthal direction.    USE - Photoelectric conversion apparatus e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for evaluation method of crystalline silicon thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solar cell with crystalline silicon thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (1)    Transparent conductive film (2)    Crystalline silicon thin film (3)    Sample (4)
NOVELTY - A pre-heating circuit (9) which outputs water from a demineralizer (7) to a water tank (6), has a heat exchanger (8). The heat exchanger preheats the ion exchange water from the demineralizer, by utilizing the heat from a fuel cell (5), to control temperature of water in the water tank.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature of water tank is maintained almost constant, by utilizing battery exhaust heat to preheat water supplied from demineralizer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (5)    water tank (6)    demineralizer (7)    heat exchanger (8)    pre-heating circuit (9)
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises noble metals or alumina which is made to hold iron.    USE - Used for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A highly efficient catalyst removes a trace amount of carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas. The catalyst provides selective oxidation ability w.r.t a trace amount of carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The noble metals are platinum or ruthenium.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the manufacture of a catalyst for carbon monoxide oxidation; and    (2) the oxidation of carbon monoxide.
NOVELTY - Austenitic stainless steel comprises (in weight%) chromium (15-25), nickel (7-15), carbon (0.01-0.1), silicon (1-4), manganese (2.0 or less), sulfur (0.008 or less) and substantial amount of iron. The austenitic stainless steel has excellent water resistant vapor oxidizability and red proof scale property.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen from alcohol group fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The austenitic steel for alcohol group fuel modification machines has excellent thermal fatigue property. The oxide film of the austenitic stainless steel stabilizes the chromium group oxide by silicon addition which expresses high environment crossing gate ability without deteriorating the oxide film even when exposed to high temperature for a long time. The water vapor oxidation and red scale generation is restrained. The addition of silicon improves the strength of steel at high temperature. The steel uses the suitable material for alcohol group fuel modifier by which heating and cooling is repeated over temperature range from high temperature to normal temperature.
NOVELTY - Heat resistant layers e.g. silicon oxide, silicon nitride and smooth polycrystalline silicon layers, are formed on the heat resistant substrate. Recrystallization of smooth polycrystalline silicon layer, is performed by zone melting recrystallization to obtain crystalline silicon thin film.    USE - For manufacturing thin crystalline silicon film (claimed) used for solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage of polycrystalline silicon film due to variations such as surface temperature. Yield is increased. High quality crystalline silicon film is manufactured efficiently at high speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) solar cell; and    (2) crystalline silicon thin film.
NOVELTY - The doping amount of P-type or N-type element that is added during formation of active layer of each thin-film photovoltaic cell, is changed using a preset program according to change of detachment gas measured during manufacture of the photovoltaic cell. The cell uses non-monocrystal silicon or non-monocrystal silicon germanium as main material.    USE - For manufacturing thin-film photovoltaic cell e.g. amorphous silicon solar cell using plasma chemical vapor deposition technique.    ADVANTAGE - The change of the oxygen amount in the active layer during formation of the photovoltaic cell is compensated effectively by adding the impurity element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film photovoltaic cell manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a characteristic view of the oxygen amount change in thin-film photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode (12) with fine crystal silicon layers of p-type, i-type and n-type and a reverse side metal electrode (18) are formed on a transparent glass substrate (11). The p/i-type amorphous silicon layers (14,15) formed between the p-type silicon crystal layer (13) and i-type silicon amorphous layer (16), are provided in the p/i boundary surface (19).    USE - Fine crystal silicon solar cell having p-i-n or n-i-p structure.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell with high electric power generation property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of silicon solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross- sectional view of the fine crystal silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar cell (10)    glass substrate (11)    transparent electrode (12)    p-type silicon crystal layer (13)    p-type silicon amorphous layer (14)    i-type silicon amorphous layer (15)    i-type silicon crystal layer (16)    reverse side metal electrode (18)    p/i boundary surface (19)
NOVELTY - A supply conveyance pipe (17) connected to an ejection opening of the hydrogen storage containers (9,10) supplies hydrogen occlusion material (M) from a hydrogen occlusion installation (2) to a hydrogen discharge installation (1) through a supply pipe (7) of a hydrogen discharge container (4).    USE - For motor vehicle which utilizes hydrogen as drive source.    ADVANTAGE - Rapid supply of hydrogen gas to a hydrogen consumption apparatus is provided in short time and the running cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen occlusion material usage system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen discharge installation (1)    hydrogen occlusion installation (2)    hydrogen discharge container (4)    supply pipe (7)    hydrogen storage containers (9,10)    supply conveyance pipe (17)    hydrogen occlusion material (M)
NOVELTY - The projections in silicon base board (71) for solar cell, are partially ground to produce corrugated surface with a roughness of 350 micrometer or less.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is cheaply produced and its productivity is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of silicon base board.    silicon base board (71)
NOVELTY - The metal catalyst consists of metal or metallic oxide on a support containing aluminum nitride.    USE - For generating hydrogen in fuel cells by methanol water vapor modification reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst containing aluminum nitride as support has high mechanical strength, water resistance and thermal conductance. During the manufacture and use of catalyst, disintegration of catalyst by hydrolysis is prevented due to the formation of aluminum oxide layer on the support. The catalyst enables to favorably produce hydrogen having minimum carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an X-ray diffraction spectrum showing the structural change of aluminum nitride support at calcination temperature of catalyst.
NOVELTY - The methane absorbent consists of an oxidation product of porous carbon material.    USE - Useful as component for storing methane (claimed) in gas station and as fuel for motor vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The porous carbon material of the absorbent, has improved methane absorption effect. The methane is stored easily in the presence of oxygen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) methane absorbent manufacturing method; and    (2) methane storage method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows methane adsorption isotherm of the sample. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A filler layer (2) laminated on both sides of a solar battery element (3) has a resin layer containing a copolymer of alpha-olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound or its condensation product.    USE - For solar cell modules used in electronic device like calculator.    ADVANTAGE - Provides filler layer having excellent properties of weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind pressure proof property, hail resistance, heat fusion property, etc.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of lamination of solar cell module.    Filler layer (2)    Solar battery element (3)
NOVELTY - The filler layers (2,4) consisting of copolymer of alpha-olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound or its modification condensation products, are laminated on either side of a solar battery element (3). The surface protection sheet (1) and reverse protection sheet (5) are laminated on filler layers (2,4), respectively.    USE - For calculator, electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module which is excellent in weather, light, heat, water resistance, wind pressure proof property, hail resistance is obtained. Extremely useful and inexpensive solar cell module suitable for various applications is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar cell module.    Surface protection sheet (1)    Filler layers (2,4)    Solar battery element (3)    Reverse protection sheet (5)
NOVELTY - An electrolyzer (8) electrolyses the water from a hydroelectric installation (1), to generate hydrogen and oxygen. A hydrogen storage chamber (10) stores the generated hydrogen which is utilized by a fuel cell (14) for electric power generation.    USE - For generating electric power using hydraulic power and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of energy utilization is improved by generating hydrogen from the water for electric power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hybrid electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydroelectric installation (1)    electrolyzer (8)    hydrogen storage chamber (10)    fuel cell (14)
NOVELTY - The preparation method of a platinum/carbon nano tube (Pt/CNT) electrode catalyst comprises the use of a carbon nano tube as a carrier, using a light-catalyzed in-situ chemical reduction precipitation method, in which ethylalcohol (or formaldehyde) is used as a reduction agent, where the chloroplatinic acid is reduced and deposited on the activated carbon nano tube to obtain a Pt/CNT catalyst with high activity for protons, for an exchange membrane fuel cell direct methyl alcohol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As compared with an existent electrode catalyst, the above catalyst has a large specific surface area, high porosity, good dispersion property and low platinum use level.
NOVELTY - The preparation of a platinum-ruthenium (Pt-Ru) series CO-resistant electrode catalyst comprises the use of a carbon nano tube as carrier, utilizes in-situ chemical reduction homogeneous precipitation and makes platinum, ruthenium and tin ions into compounding ions respectively (called complex ions, then uses two or three types of complex ions and mixes them together to obtain a metastable colloid, adopts an inexpensive reduction agent, i.e. formaldehyde (or sodium borohydride or ethyl alcohol or hydrogen gas) to reduce the metastable colloid and deposit it on an activated carbon nano tube to give an electrode catalyst for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode catalyst has good electric catalytic activity and resistance to CO, large specific area, high porosity, good dispersion property and low platinum use level.
NOVELTY - Production of a catalyst comprises alloying gold with less noble element(s) to produce a precursor material and removing at least part of the less noble element(s) from the precursor material.    USE - Used for the production of a gold catalyst for oxidation and reduction reactions and for use as electro-catalytic electrode in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces catalyst with promoter metals which have physical properties of a different nature to the properties of conventionally prepared catalysts.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a pressurizing mechanism, a fuel tank, a reformer, a fuel cell, a canister, a first passage, a first valve and a controller. The pressurizing mechanism aspirates an oxygen-containing gas. The fuel cell generates power by reacting the oxygen-containing gas from the pressurizing mechanism and hydrogen-containing gas from the reformer.    USE - Fuel cell for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The system processes fuel vapor in a fuel tank without consuming excessive energy, thus fuel economy of the fuel cell system is improved. It efficiently uses gas fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a pressurizing mechanism, a fuel tank (10), a reformer (12), a fuel cell (1), a canister (11), a first passage (25), a first valve (6) and a controller (20). The pressurizing mechanism aspirates an oxygen-containing gas and delivers it under pressure. The reformer generates a hydrogen-containing gas from raw fuel supplied from the fuel tank. The fuel cell generates power by reacting the oxygen-containing gas from the pressurizing mechanism and hydrogen-containing gas from the reformer. The canister connected to the fuel tank absorbs fuel vapor from the fuel tank. The first passage connects the canister and the aspiration side of the pressurizing mechanism. The first valve is in the first passage. The controller opens the first valve to connect the canister to the aspiration side of the pressurizing mechanism. The fuel vapor absorbed by the canister is to be purged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell.    Fuel cell (1)    First Valve (6)    Second, third and fourth valves (4, 8, 16)    Fuel tank (10)    Canister (11)    Reformer (12)    Burner (13)    Passage (25)
NOVELTY - A combinative carbon material comprises a carbon support (10) and a nanofibrous carbon material (20) that is chemically grafted on the carbon support.    USE - The material is used in electrodes of lithium batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The material eliminates the necessity of removing support when producing carbon nanofibrous carbon material. It is ready for following applications, and easily achieves uniform mixing with other materials such as meso-phase carbon micro-beads.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for preparing a combinative carbon material comprising implanting an active nanocatalyst into a carbon support to form a catalyst system, and performing carbon deposition by introducing carbon source to the catalyst system such that nanofibrous carbon material is grafted into the carbon support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sheet-shaped graphite combined with nanofibrous carbon material.    Carbon support (10)    Nanofibrous carbon material (20)
NOVELTY - A liquid hydrocarbon mixture is continuously supplied in metered quantities and completely vaporized to form a vaporized hydrocarbon mixture without decomposition. The vaporized mixture is contacted with at least one gaseous reactant to produce gaseous hydrocarbon reactant mixture which is reformed to produce reformate gas. The reformate gas is directed towards an intended use.    USE - For fuel cell for propulsion of vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reformation method is inexpensive, and consumes low energy. Reformation of liquid hydrocarbon mixture is performed at low temperature without the formation of unwanted residues such as tar or soot. The reformation provides good intermixing and heat transfer of hydrocarbon mixture with reactant. Homogeneous preparation of reaction mixture and minimization of the secondary cracking reaction during reformation are enabled, since no pyrolysis reactions take place at low operating temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for reformer device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic representation of the device.
NOVELTY - A carrier gas is supplied through a gas introduction path (1g) arranged with a heat catalyst structure (1j) containing a refractory metal connected to an electric power unit (1i). Cleaning gas is supplied through a gas introduction path (1h) without a heat catalyst structure. A silicon film adhered to the inner wall of the chemical vapor deposition apparatus is removed by supplying cleaning gas with plasma.    USE - Used for cleaning a plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus used for forming a silicon (Si) type thin-film in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus facilitates the cleaning of plasma with heat catalyst by using a simple technique. An adhesive film is removed effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the plasma CVD apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas introduction path (1g)    Gas introduction path (1h)    Electric power unit (1i)    Catalyst structure (1j)
NOVELTY - The desulfurizer (1) is filled with a physical-absorption material (11) which is cooled by heat exchange with water used by the fuel cell.    USE - Fuel-cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains desulfurization property of the desulfurizer and prevents deterioration of a fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the desulfurizer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    desulfurizer (1)    heat exchanger (10)    physical-absorption material (11)
NOVELTY - The dopant liquid (2) is applied to areas other than an edge portion (3) of a silicon substrate (1) by inkjet technique. A phosphorus silicate glass layer of thickness 100-2000 Angstrom is formed on the silicon substrate by heating the dopant liquid.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Dopant liquid is applied to predetermined area reliably. Hence solar cell of favorable property is produced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional views of a solar cell manufacturing process.    Silicon substrate (1)    Dopant liquid (2)    Edge portion (3)    Anti-reflecting coating (5)    Aluminum electrode (6)
NOVELTY - The vaporized liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen occlusion alloy (6) are supplied to a hydrogen consumption side (3) through respective routes (4,7). A volatile gas storage unit (8) and the hydrogen occlusion alloy are connected to a fuel cell (14) which is held away from the hydrogen consumption side.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of the system and prevents pollution, by effectively using surplus hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen consumption side (3)    routes (4,7)    hydrogen occlusion alloy (6)    volatile gas storage unit (8)    fuel cell (14)
NOVELTY - The preparation of (beta)-iron silicide thin film involves depositing (beta)-iron silicide alloy target by opposing target-type direct current sputtering method on a board heated to 400 degreesC or more under low argon gas pressure of 5 or less mTorrs. The atomic ratio of iron to silicon in (beta)-iron silicide alloy target is 1:2.    USE - For solar battery element, light emitting element for communication and light receiving element.    ADVANTAGE - Preparation of continuous beta-iron silicide thin film with smooth surface is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows surface roughness profile of beta-iron silicide film produced by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering and opposing target type direct current sputtering method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Steam generated by evaporator (1) as heating gas and sulfur removed town gas from desulfurizer (2) are supplied as raw material gas to the modifier (3). A solenoid valve (51) in desulfurized gas supply line (42) which is connected with the steam line (41) and the modifier, is open/closed by controller (7) based on operation of modifier.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses reduction of sulfur absorption property of desulfurizer due to excess moisture content, as the solenoid valve in desulfurized gas supply line is controlled based on modifier operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Evaporator (1)    Desulfurizer (2)    Modifier (3)    Controller (7)    Steam line (41)    Gas supply line (42)    Solenoid valve (51)
NOVELTY - A laminate material (10) formed by laminating a gas transparent layer (28) to a base (22), is laminated to a support (26). The joint surface of layer (28) and the support is activated. The activated surfaces are stacked, contacted such that activated surfaces oppose each other, and laminate material and support are laminated, to manufacture gas transparent layer laminate (12).    USE - For manufacture of components (claimed) such as gas separation film components or gas separation film units used in hydrogen-separation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The gas transparent layer laminate has favorable handling property such that it does not pose any problem even if another extra thin gas transparent layer is used, enabling the laminate suitable for gas separation film unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the gas transparent layer laminate.    Laminate material (10)    Gas transparent layer laminate (12)    Base (22)    Support material (26)    Gas transparent layer (28)
NOVELTY - A conical mixing vessel (20) is arranged adjacent to a hollow mixing vessel (10) mixing fuel and water vapor. The cross-section of the constriction portion (21) of the vessel (20), is smaller than the circular end face (12) of the vessel (10), and the cross-section of the enlargement portion (22) is larger than the constriction portion (21).    USE - In reformer of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As flow rate of mixed water vapor and reformed gas fuel is increased by the constriction portion, reformation efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the reformer.    Hollow mixing vessel (10)    Circular end face of vessel (12)    Conical mixing vessel (20)    Constriction portion (21)    Enlargement portion (22)
NOVELTY - The reaction chambers at upstream and downstream sides are divided multiply. The hydrogen separation membranes (25) are provided at the reaction partitions other than uppermost flow side reaction portion (1).    USE - For separating hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel, pure water raw material in combustors, for use in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Durability of hydrogen separation membrane increases, as the thermal strain is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the modification reaction device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    uppermost flow side reaction portion (1)    down side reaction portion (3)    hydrogen separation membranes (25)
NOVELTY - Pigment sensitizing type solar cell (1) has the pigment coupling electrode (10) which adsorbs the pigment to the surface, the counter electrode (30) which pairs with pigment coupling electrode and electrolyte-containing component (5) which contacts the pigment coupling electrode and counter electrode. The electrolyte containing component contains urea derivative which improves the voltage action.    USE - As batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has improved release voltage without impairing light resistance. The solar cell has battery property excellent in long-term stability and durability with respect to water or oxygen. The transformation efficiency provides the pigment sensitizing type solar cell which maintains stability for long time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows typical structure of pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    Pigment sensitizing type solar cell; (1)    Electrolyte (5)    Pigment coupling electrode; (10)    Electrode (30)
NOVELTY - A casting mold (4) installed in a chamber (2) contains a silicon melt solution (3) and is surrounded by a heat insulating material (6). A cooling plate (5) is provided at the lower portion of the mold. The air in the space surrounded by the heat insulating material is supplied to a cooling device (11) and the cooled air is supplied towards the cooling plate.    USE - For manufacturing crystal e.g. polycrystalline silicon for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The heat from the heat insulating material, the crystal ingot of silicon and the cooling plate are effectively taken by the cooling device and the cooling efficiency of ingot is increased. As the manufacturing time is shortened by the forced cooling, the manufacturing cost of polycrystalline silicon is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polycrystalline silicon manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the polycrystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Chamber (2)    Silicon melt solution (3)    Casting mold (4)    Cooling plate (5)    Heat insulating material (6)    Cooling device (11)
NOVELTY - A controler (19) judges the deterioration degree of the hydrogen separation membrane (10) which removes hydrogen from the reformed gas. Dilute combustion gas containing oxygen is supplied to the reforming catalyst (6) according to deterioration degree during starting of the reformer. When the temperature of the membrane reaches a predetermined value, the original heating gas is supplied and reformation is started.    USE - Fuel reformer for use in fuel-cell system (claimed) to produce reforming gas from original fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The permeability of the hydrogen separation membrane which deteriorated by caulking is recovered reliably, since the supply is controlled according to deterioration degree.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)    Reforming catalyst (6)    Hydrogen separation membrane (10)    Controler (19)    Temperature sensor (24)
NOVELTY - The raw material gas along with microwave energy are supplied simultaneously into film-forming regions (802) on strip-shaped substrate (804) consisting of several film-forming portions (810) separated by walls (809), while continuously moving the substrate in longitudinal direction. A microwave plasma is generated in the film-forming regions and deposition film is formed by controlling composition of raw material gas.    USE - For forming deposition film e.g. semiconductor film for solar cell manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains a high quality deposition film by easily depositing film of uniform thickness and composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the semiconductor film formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    film formation region (802)    substrate (804)    wall (809)    film formation portion (810)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a reformation unit (102) to which gas containing oxygen emitted from cathode (118) of fuel cell (114), is applied. Complete oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel is carried out in the reformation unit based on the gas supplied from cathode. The gas output from the reformation unit is applied to anode (116) of fuel cell.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel is carried out in reformation unit, sufficient moisture content is ensured and thus the temperature of each component is increased to target temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformation unit (102)    fuel cell (114)    anode (116)    cathode (118)
NOVELTY - The transparent conductive substrate (9) comprises a transparent electrically conductive film (2) and a titanium oxide film (8) having a thickness of 5-50 nm, sequentially on a transparent substrate (1,7).    USE - For pigment sensitizing type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The transparent-conductive substrate provides an inexpensive pigment sensitizing type solar cell having excellent conversion efficiency compared with conventional pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transparent electrically conductive film is an tin oxide film containing fluorine and tin oxide.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for pigment sensitizing type solar cell (10) using the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional model of pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    Transparent substrate (1, 7)    Transparent electrically conductive film (2)    Titanium oxide film (8)    Transparent-conductive substrate (9)    Pigment sensitizing type solar cell (10)
NOVELTY - The freezing prevention method of liquid fuels involves dissolving 70-260 g/l of sodium tetrahydridoborate in at least 10 mass% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.    USE - For preventing freezing of liquid fuels used for generating hydrogen used as negative electrode liquid of a fuel cells (claimed) for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Freezing prevention method prevents freezing of the liquid fuel for hydrogen generation, without addition of antifreezing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing the relationship of the addition ratio of sodium tetrahydridoborate and freezing point, with respect to different concentrations of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The mass flowmeters (24,25) measure the flow rate of liquefied petroleum (LP) gas, based on result of which a service condition setting unit (31) sets up service condition of the reformation processing unit (2).    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Maintains favorable running state, since output control is performed appropriately by simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    reformation processing unit (2)    mass flowmeters (24,25)    service condition setting unit (31)
NOVELTY - Dye-sensitised solar cell comprises a semiconductor electrode with an adsorbed sensitising dye, a charge transfer layer and a reference electrode.    USE - High performance dye-sensitised solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The open circuit photovoltage of the solar cell is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Dye-sensitised solar cell comprises a semiconductor electrode with an adsorbed sensitising dye, a charge transfer layer and a reference electrode.    The reference electrode satisfies (I).    b more than a (I)    a (mA) is oxidation-reduction electric current difference in a negative potential region of not less than -0.7V but less than 0V; and    b (mA) is oxidation-reduction electric current difference measured in a positive potential region of 0-7V.    The oxidation-reduction current values are measured by cyclic voltametry with the oxidation-reduction potential of ferrocene used as a standard.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a dye-sensitised solar cell as above where the reference electrode has a roughness factor of not less than 5,000;    (2) a dye-sensitised solar cell as above where the reference electrode comprises activated carbon; and    (3) a dye-sensitised solar cell as above where the reference electrode is made of a material having a specific surface area of not less than 500 m2/g.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The cyclic voltammogram was measured using a reference electrode as described above as the working electrode.
NOVELTY - Colloid with precious metal particles having surface oxidation-insensitive sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups derived from a coordinate polymer selected from sulfonated (partially) fluorinated polystyrene or alkylene/styrene copolymer, perfluorinated alkylene/alkylene oxide, polystyrene, polyarylene oxide, polyarylene ether sulfone, polyarylene ether ketone, polyphenylene or polyphenylene sulfide; or phosphonated arylene oxide or polybenzimidazole.    USE - The colloid or colloid solution or heterogeneous catalyst containing the colloid is useful as a catalyst in catalytic oxidation, in the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, and as an electrocatalyst in fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst system avoids drawbacks of previous systems, e.g. decomposition of the colloid stabilizing polymer and the necessity of using membrane filtration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solution containing the colloid;    (2) a method of preparing the colloid solution in which precious metals salt(s) are reacted with reducing agent(s) in the presence of the oxidation-insensitive stabilizing polymer(s);    (3) a precious metal heterogeneous catalyst containing the precious metal colloid and a support.
NOVELTY - Process for switching off a methanol fuel cell system composed of a vaporizer, a reformer and a water separator comprises reducing the water to fuel mixing ratio and/or lowering the operating temperature.    USE - Switching off a methanol fuel cell system in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The system has an improved cold start behavior.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The switching off process is carried out while the ignition of the vehicle is switched off. A fuel content of at least 3 vol.% is adjusted by additionally adding a fuel before or after the water separator.
NOVELTY - Power generating layer is formed on a first transparent electrode layer formed on a substrate, e.g. an organic film, and a second transparent electrode layer is formed on the power generating layer. The power generating layer is formed by laminating a p-type semiconductor film (5), an intrinsic semiconductor film (6) and an n-type semiconductor film (7). An intermediate layer comprising an oxide-preventing material is provided between the first transparent electrode layer and the power generating layer.    USE - For a semiconductor element with a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deterioration of the semiconductor films. Improved power generating efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings shows the structure of the photovoltaic element.    Substrate (1)    First transparent electrode layer (3)    Intermediate layer (4)    P-type semiconductor film (5)    I-type semiconductor film (6)    N-type semiconductor film (7)    Second transparent electrode layer (8)    Back electrode layer (9)
NOVELTY - A solar battery sealing film (2) comprises a transparent soft resin film including a linking agent and having a channel on a main surface facing a photovoltaic element. The channel has a depth of at least 100 microns and reaching an end surface.    USE - For sealing photovoltaic element.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive sealing film reduces the time required for the manufacturing the solar battery panel, prevents generation of voids, and reduces damages to the solar battery cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing the a solar battery panel by forming a channel on a solar battery sealing film, and adhering and sealing a photovoltaic element between a front side transparent protective member and a back side protective member by applying heat and pressure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a top view of sealing film.    Solar battery sealing film (2)
NOVELTY - A catalytic reactor comprises a catalyst support structure (21) and a catalyst attached to the structure and exposed to the reacting substances. The catalyst is subjected to an electromagnetic field generated by a source of electromagnetic radiation, and the structure is made from materials exhibiting reduced absorption of the electromagnetic energy than the catalyst material.    USE - As catalytic reactor, e.g. fuel cell, automotive catalytic converter, metal-air batteries, or fuel reformer, used for enhancing intensity of chemical reactions between reacting substances.    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalytic reactor can provide fast heating of the catalyst to its working temperature, without significant heating of the catalyst support structure, thus with reduced overall consumption of energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal section of a catalytic reactor with built-in internal induction coil, as above.    Catalyst support structure (21)    Induction coil (25)    External generator (26)
NOVELTY - The partition plates (26,27) drilled with hydrogen rich gas and air stirring and mixing holes (26a,27a) at the side of the air inlet holes (24a,25a), are provided in-between the air inlet holes and the carbon monoxide selection oxidation catalyst layers (31,32).    USE - Oxidation reaction device for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables mixing hydrogen rich gas and air simply and effectively, using the compact structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for air mixing method in carbon monoxide selection oxidation reaction in hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the composite reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reactor (20)    Air inlet tubes (21,24,25)    Air inlet holes (21a,24a,25a)    Headers (22A-22D)    Gas exit tube (23)    Gas exit hole (23a)    Partition plates (26,27)    Stirring and mixing holes (26a,27a)    Base plate (28)    Low temperature transformation catalyst (29)    Heat exchanger (30)    Carbon monoxide selection oxidation catalyst layers (31,32)
NOVELTY - A gas separation unit (1) separates nitrogen from air. The separated nitrogen is supplied to a fuel modifier (4), during engine stop state.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The size and weight of modification-type fuel cell system, are reduced by eliminating the necessity to perform nitrogen replenishment for purging. Reduces the maintenance time of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modification-type fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas separation unit (1)    Fuel modifier (4)
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger (143) is arranged in a reformation flow path (142), to raise the temperature of fuel supplied by fuel-supply unit (110), by performing heat exchange with reformed gas flowing in reformation flow path. A back-pressure control valve (162) is provided at water flow path (202b), to control the pressure of fuel in the heat exchanger.    USE - For producing hydrogen enriched gas for fuel cell used in electric vehicle (claimed), hybrid vehicle, vessel, electric train.    ADVANTAGE - Enables decreasing the time lag with respect to increase of gas request flow amount of the reformed gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system; and    (2) electric vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel-supply unit (110)    reformation flow path (142)    heat exchanger (143)    back-pressure control valve (162)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen refiner comprises reformed gas supply unit (5) for supplying reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, oxygen supply unit (8) for supplying gas containing oxygen which is mixed with reformed gas, and catalyst layer (1a). The catalyst layer consists of ruthenium, rhodium and/or iridium, platinum and osmium. The mixture of oxygen containing gas and reformed gas are passed through the catalyst layer.    USE - For purification of hydrogen (claimed) by removing carbon monoxide. The hydrogen is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The refiner enables to stably remove carbon monoxide from hydrogen, under low oxygen concentration and under high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst layer of hydrogen refiner contains metal particles alloyed with ruthenium, platinum iridium and osmium. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen purification method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen refiner. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modified catalyst layer (1a)    raw material supply unit (5)    oxygen supply unit (8)
NOVELTY - Manufacturing hydrogen comprises thermally decomposing hydrocarbon compound in the presence of carbon nano horn (1).    USE - To manufacture hydrogen which is used as raw material for producing ammonia and methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method enables to produce hydrogen stably for long time. The carbon obtained during thermal decomposition adheres on the catalyst and is consumed, and hence the production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the simple carbon nano horn substance. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon nano horn (1)
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises the oxides of copper, zinc, aluminum, zirconium and cerium as essential components.    USE - For producing hydrogen by methanol modified water vapor reaction (claimed), in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has excellent durability and stable, high catalytic activity for a long period of time due to the presence of oxides of zirconium and cerium. The structured stabilization of the catalyst is improved due to the presence of zirconium oxide, and hence the catalyst is effectively used in industries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst for methanol modification further contains gallium oxide.
NOVELTY - The desulfurization catalyst comprises nickel oxide and zinc oxide, supported on a carrier containing 50 mass% or more of activated carbon with a surface area of 600 m2/g or more. The load of nickel oxide with respect to catalyst and zinc oxide is 1-49 mass%. The sum of the load of nickel and zinc oxides is 5-50 mass%.    USE - In fuel-cell system for desulfurizing hydrocarbon raw-material containing sulfur (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurization catalyst efficiently desulfurizes sulfur contained in hydrocarbon raw-material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) desulfurization processing; and    (2) fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel-cell system.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of alumina carrier involves anodic oxidation of aluminum surface of the clad plate followed by enlargement processing of the surface pores produced by the anodic oxidation using acidic aqueous solution, washing and hydration process of alumina using water vapor. The clad plate has an aluminum layer at the metal surface.    USE - For manufacture of alumina carrier used for wall material of reaction chamber.    ADVANTAGE - The alumina support has excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength, hence it is used in the reaction of high temperature.
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer has, an electrolyte (6) provided between a counter electrode and an oxide porous electrode having a substrate (1,8), a transparent electrically conductive film (2,7) and containing oxide particles (4) in which a pigment is coupled to the surface and fibrous material (5) with electrolyte liquid permeability.    USE - As photoelectrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method provides optoelectric transducer having good sunlight engineering efficiency. The oxide porous electrode of the optoelectric transducer is hard to peel even though the substrate is subjected to low temperature sintering. The optoelectric transducer has high electrolyte liquid maintenance capability and electrolyte liquid diffusing capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fibrous material having electrolyte liquid permeability is cellulose such as cotton cellulose. The oxide particle is titanium oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide and/or zirconium oxide. The pigment is an organometallic complex pigment, pyridine group pigment, phthalocyanine group pigment, porphyrin group pigment, cyanine group pigment, merocyanine group pigment, coumarin group pigment, polymethine group pigment, mercurochrome chromium pigment and/or eosin pigment. The electrolyte is imidazolium iodide salt, ammonium iodide salt, iodine and/or metallic iodide salt. The substrate is glass, metal and/or plastic. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of optoelectric transducer.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (1,8)    transparent electrically conductive film (2,7)    oxide particle (4)    fibrous material (5)    electrolyte (6)
NOVELTY - Cartridge (1) having a chamber (3) accommodating oxygen-containing hydrogen compound aqueous solution (5) which is supplied to another chamber (2) accommodating liquid containing micro-organisms (4), to produce hydrogen, is new.    USE - The apparatus is useful as fuel cells used e.g. for mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus enables fuel cell to generate electric power efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of the cartridge.    cartridge (1)    chambers (2,3)    liquid containing micro-organisms (4)    oxygen-containing hydrogen compound aqueous solution (5)
NOVELTY - Metal stack comprises a metal foil or plate collector layer (31), at least one metal mesh, expanded metal sheet or foamed metal sheet diffusion layer and at least one anchoring layer containing metal fibres. The anchoring layer has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm. the anchor layer is in between the collector and diffusion layers.    USE - Metal stack for use in fuel cells and electrolysers (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improved mechanical contact between collector and diffusion layers so improving electrical properties.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram illustrates a stack of the invention.    Collector layer (31)    Diffusion layers (32a,32b)    Anchoring layers (33a,33b)    Contact layer (34a,34b)
NOVELTY - Porous metal stack comprises impermeable metal structure, at least one metal fibre layer and at least one second metal fibre layer. The impermeable metal structure is sintered to one side of the 1st metal fibres layer and the 2nd metal fibres layer is sintered to the other side of the 1st metal fibres layer. The planar air permeability of the stack is more than 0.02l/min.cm. The porosity of the 2nd metal fibre layer is less than 80%.    USE - Used for fuel cells and electrolysers (all claimed).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the stack described above.    Stack (10)    Collector layer (11)    Diffusion layer (12)    Contact layer (13)
NOVELTY - Sulfonic monomers are polymerized by introducing fluorinated monomer(s) containing sulfonyl groups in liquid form to a reactor, and adding surfactant(s) and initiator. During the polymerization, fluorinated monomer(s) containing ethylene unsaturation are fed, and optionally adding fluorinated monomer(s) containing sulfonyl groups and chain transfer agents.    USE - The invention is used for polymerization of sulfonic monomers used in the preparation of membranes for fuel cells, membranes for electrochemical applications, e.g. chloro-soda cells, lithium batteries, and eletrodialysis, and as a superacid catalyst in reactors.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows high productivity, absence of coagulum formation, and minimal reactor corrosion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymerization of sulfonic monomers comprises reactor purging; introduction of fluorinated monomer(s) containing sulfonyl groups (SO2F), in liquid form into the reactor; reactor pressurization with gaseous monomers; addition of a surfactant(s) of formula (I); addition of the initiator; and during the polymerization, feeding of fluorinated monomer(s) containing ethylene unsaturation to maintain constant the reactor pressure; optionally further addition of fluorinated monomer(s) containing sulfonyl groups and chain transfer agents.    RfX-M+ (I)    X = COO, SO3;    M = H, NH4, alkaline metal;    Rf = (per)fluoropolyether chain, preferably having a number average molecular weight comprised of 230-1800, preferably 300-750, the (per)fluoropolyether chain comprising repeating units of (C3F6O), (CF2CF2O), (CFL0O), CF2(CF2)zCF2O, or CH2CF2CF2O; monofunctional, and has a (per)fluorooxyalkyl end group T, optionally in the (per)fluoroalkyl end groups one fluorine atom is substituted by Cl or H;    L0 = F, CF3;    z' = 1 or 2.
NOVELTY - Catalytic reforming reactor comprises a shell with individual inlet and outlet openings for respective heating and reforming fluids. Within the shell is a plate heat exchanger, in which the fluids pass through separate passages. The passages for the fluid for reforming include a steam reforming catalyst, and the passages for heating fluid include a combustion catalyst.    USE - For steam reformation, used in production of hydrogen for use in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel method provides a catalytic stream reforming reactor of small dimensions, in which heat dispersion is minimized. The novel heat exchanger enables maximum use of the temperature of the combustion gases by optimizing heat exchange. By applying the catalyst directly onto the plates of the heat exchanger, the contact surface area is maximized, without creating head losses in the gas flow. Further, there will be no radial temperature gradient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalytic reforming reactor comprises a shell (2) with individual inlet (4,6) and outlet (5,7) openings for respective first and second fluids, one of which is a heating fluid and the other is a fluid for reforming. Within the shell is a plate heat exchanger (3), in which the fluids pass through separate passages. The passages for the fluid for reforming include a steam reforming catalyst, and the passages for heating fluid include a combustion catalyst that promotes oxidation of fuels in the mixture.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for;    (1) A method of manufacturing the above reactor;    (2) A catalytic steam reforming process, which involves placing the fluid for reforming in the above reactor, and contacting the heating fluid with the combustion catalyst; and    (3) A plate heat exchanger, as used in the above reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a steam reforming reactor as above.    shell (2)    plate heat exchanger (3)    inlet opening (4,6)    outlet opening (5,7)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises first assembly positioned in air stream upstream from an air moving equipment and second assembly positioned in air stream downstream from air moving equipment. The first and second assemblies include at least two components of a contamination control system, sound control system, temperature control system and a water management system.    USE - For use with fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has maximized performance, life and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises:    (1) a fuel cell (15) with an inlet for an air stream;    (2) air moving equipment with an inlet and outlet for the air stream, where the outlet is connected to the inlet;    (3) a first integrated assembly (100) positioned in the air stream upstream from the air moving equipment; and    (4) a second integrated assembly (200) positioned in the air stream downstream from the air moving equipment.    The first and second integrated assemblies include at least two systems of a contamination control system, sound control system, temperature control system and a water management system.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an integrated assembly for use with a fuel cell system comprising:    (1) sound-producing air moving equipment comprising a housing with an air inlet (152) and an air outlet (154);    (2) a sound control system constructed to reduce sound by at least 3 dB; and    (3) a temperature control system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of an integrated fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (15)    First and second integrated assemblies (100, 200)    Air inlet (152)    Air outlet (154)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell component material is manufactured by providing a mass of expanded particles of natural graphite, and molding the mass of expanded particles of natural graphite into a foraminous sheet (10) having parallel opposed first and second surfaces and having transverse fluid channels passing through the sheet between the two parallel opposed surfaces.    USE - For manufacturing fuel cell component material.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides graphite materials having increased through-thickness electrical and thermal conductivities as compared to calendered graphite sheet materials of comparable dimensions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic sectioned view fuel cell.    Sheet (10)    Grooves (1200, 1400)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell, is new.    USE - Used to power electrical device.    ADVANTAGE - The invention uses active transport of protons to increase sustainable efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell has anode and cathode compartments and barrier separating anode from cathode compartment and having anode electrodes and dehydrogenase enzymes in the anode compartment. The barrier conveys protons from anode to cathode compartment. The enzymes transfer electrons from C1 compound to electron carrier and are covalently linked to surfaces within anode compartment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure schematically illustrates the fuel cell.    First chamber (1)    second chamber (2)    Third chamber (3)    First electrode (4)    second electrode (5)    First electrical contact (6)    second electrical contact (7)    Fuel cell (10')
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises pin or nip type cells (13,14) consisting of amorphous or crystalline silicon, laminated on a transparent electrode film (12). A metal film (16) having reflection rate of 80% or more, corresponding to wavelength of 600-1200 nm of incident light, is formed on the cell (14) through an oxide layer (15).    USE - Thin film-type silicon solar cell, tandem-type solar cell for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - By forming a metal film having high reflection rate, conversion effectiveness of the solar cell is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent electrode film (12)    cells (13,14)    oxide layer (15)    metal film (16)
NOVELTY - A gate insulation layer (104) is formed on a semiconductor layer (103) of a substrate (101). A gate electrode (105) formed on the gate insulation film has an alpha structured tantalum containing 10 to 5000 ppm of hydrogen.    USE - Thin-film semiconductor device e.g. active-matrix liquid crystal display, solar cell and metal insulator metal mold non-linear element.    ADVANTAGE - The internal stress is reduced and ductility of film is increased by using alpha structured tantalum containing hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film semiconductor device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin-film semiconductor device.    substrate (101)    semiconductor layer (103)    gate insulation layer (104)    gate electrode (105)
NOVELTY - A diffusing treatment membrane and a diffusion prevention membrane are adhered on respective sides of the silicon wafers, before the wafers are heated in the interior of a furnace through which an atmospheric gas is allowed to flow.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality solar cell having improved electric power characteristic and improved P-type semiconductor ratio, if realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart explaining the solar cell manufacturing procedure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An oxide film (16) is formed on the corrugated light receiving surface (111) of a substrate (11). A portion of the oxide film is etched by using a photoresist (17) formed on the edges of the oxide film, as a mask. A n+ diffusion layer (12) is formed on the light receiving surface.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell used in satellite.    ADVANTAGE - A compact solar cell having improved carrier lifetime is manufactured efficiently, while preventing curving of the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view illustrating the planar solar cell manufacturing process.    Substrate (11)    n+ diffusion layer (12)    Oxide film (16)    Photoresist (17)    Corrugated light receiving surface (111)
NOVELTY - A surface smoothness layer (2) and an inorganic barrier layer (1) are formed sequentially over a transparent plastic base material layer (3). The surface roughness of the base material layer and smoothness layer are set to 5-100 nm and less than or equal to 2 nm respectively.    USE - Transparent gas-barrier-property film used as substrate or sealing for display device (claimed) e.g. liquid crystal display device, organic electroluminescence device, sheet like light emitting structure (claimed), solar cell (claimed), and light device and also used for foodstuff packaging.    ADVANTAGE - By setting the surface roughnesses of the smoothness layer and base material layer, an excellent gas barrier property is achieved, without impairing the rolling up property of the film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) transparent conduction electrode base material layer;    (2) display device    (3) solar cell;    (4) sheet like light emitting element; and    (5) light device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the transparent gas-barrier-property film.    Inorganic barrier layer (1)    Surface smoothness layer (2)    Base material layer (3)
NOVELTY - The surface protective film (1) formed on a transparent conductive film (2), comprises a scuffing resistance layer (1c) having specified hardness and an adhesive layer (1b) formed on upper and lower surfaces of a base film (1a), respectively.    USE - Surface protective film for transparent conductive film (claimed) used in transparent electrode for liquid crystal display, electroluminescent display, touch panel, sensor and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The scuffing resistance layer protects back surface of the protective film from damage. The visual inspection of surface protective film is easily performed and time and effort for sticking protective film with respect to transparent conductive film are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for transparent conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of surface protective film.    Base film (1a)    Adhesive layer (1b)    Scuffing resistance layer (1c)    Transparent conductive film (2)
NOVELTY - The electrically conductive film (2) has base material (1), and conductive layer (4) containing corrugated layer (3). The surface of the corrugated layer contains a patterned hydrophobic portion (5), and an electroconductive portion (6) which is formed at places free of the hydrophobic portion.    USE - As electromagnetic wave shielding film and transparent electrodes for various display devices such as plasma display panel (PDP), liquid crystal display (LCD) device, cathode ray tube (CRT) and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The film has high electroconductivity, transparency, and visibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of electrically conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of a transparent electrically conductive film.    Base material (1)    Electrically conductive film (2)    Corrugated layer (3)    Conductive layer (4)    Hydrophobic portion (5)    Electroconductive portion (6)
NOVELTY - The electrically conductive film comprises a conductive layer formed by reduction of precursor conductive layer containing an electroconductive fine particle, binder and/or metal ion.    USE - For display devices such as electroluminescent element, plasma display panel, liquid crystal display and cathode ray tube, printed wiring board, transparent electrode and as electrode of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrically conductive film is manufactured easily at low heat processing temperature and has improved electroconductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electroconductive fine particle is a metal microparticle chosen from silver, aluminum, gold, copper, palladium and platinum, combination of two or more types or an alloy, and/or electroconductive oxide fine particle chosen from trioxide, antimony tin oxide or indium tin oxide. The binder is alkoxides of silicon, aluminum, titanium and/or zirconium.    AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of electrically conductive film.
NOVELTY - Desulfurization of hydrocarbon containing sulfur involves contacting hydrocarbon with catalysts (A,B). Catalyst (A) contains 0.01-10 mass% of metal(s) chosen from platinum, palladium and rhenium supported on zeolite carrier or 30% or more clay compounds. Catalyst (B) contains 20 mass% or more or zinc oxide and/or nickel oxide. Sulfur concentration in hydrocarbon is reduced to less than 0.1 mass ppm.    USE - For desulfurization of hydrocarbon to produce desulfurized hydrocarbons which is reformed into a heating gas containing mainly hydrogen for a fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurized hydrocarbon produced is reformed into heating gas with sulfur concentration of less than 0.1 mass ppm    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide selective oxidation apparatus (5) has oxygen-nitrogen detachment apparatus (1) to separate oxygen and nitrogen from air and mixing unit to mix the separated oxygen and nitrogen in proper ratio, connected with apparatus. The apparatus (5) selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide by catalyst, to which oxygen and carbon monoxide are supplied (5).    USE - Used for fuel-cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide selection oxidation apparatus effectively prevents catalyst deterioration, by supplying nitrogen in proper ratio. Hence the starting time of fuel cell system is shortened. A stable catalyst temperature is attained by temperature detection unit and control unit due to effective gas cooling method according to the temperature of a catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system which has carbon monoxide selection oxidation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    oxygen nitrogen content detachment apparatus (1)    carbon monoxide selection oxidation reaction apparatus (5)
NOVELTY - The supply method of carbon dioxide to water purifying plant (100), involves generating electric-power by a fuel cell, separating carbon dioxide gas (Gt) contained in the gas during electric power generation, and another gas (Gz), supplying the separated gas (Gt) to the raw water, so that the pH of raw water (J) is adjusted to a predetermined value.    USE - For carbon dioxide gas supply for water purifying plant to obtain clean water.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon dioxide gas supply method avoids complicated operation during processing of treated water and efficiently adjusts the pH value of raw water to an appropriate value. Water purifying plant excellent in energy utilization efficiency is achieved. The clean water is obtained with no mixing of corrosive components and harmful components such as sulfate ion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of water-purifying processing system.    water purifying system (100)    carbon dioxide gas (Gt)    another gas (Gz)    raw water (J)
NOVELTY - The manganese oxide electrothermal transformation material has perovskite structure having specific composition containing manganese oxide, and tolerant factor of 0.7-1.    USE - For precision temperature control apparatus such as solar-power generation device, electrical devices from seawater temperature electrothermal, fossil fuel electrothermal, regeneration electrical power generator, cell of an optical detection element, laser diode, field effect transistor, photomultiplier tube, spectro-photometer, column of chromatography, constant temperature apparatus air-conditioner, refrigerator and electric power unit for clocks/watches.    ADVANTAGE - The manganese oxide electrothermal transformation material stabilizes the structure where carrier mobility serves as the maximum, by optimizing the kind and content of the alkaline earth metal, maintaining a carrier density to a comparatively low value with the substituted elements. Therefore, the material enables to achieve high See beck coefficient and a low electrical resistivity. The material also has highly stable electrothermal property in high temperature atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The manganese oxide electrothermal transformation material has perovskite structure with composition of general formula: (AE1-yM1y) (Mn1-zM2z)O3-approximatelyd and a tolerant factor of 0.7-1, where Ae comprises alkaline earth metals, M1 comprises bismuth, tin, indium, lead and antimony, and M2 comprises tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium and/or niobium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship between a tolerant factor and an output factor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The module includes n-type layers (3) having sheet resistance of about 80 ohms/square or less, formed over a p-type substrate (1), such that the n-type layers cover a depth of 35-120 nm of the silver grid electrodes (10).    USE - Solar-cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The n-type layers having specific sheet resistance formed on the substrate, restrain the degradation of solar-cell characteristics due to substrate corrosion by metal electrode and thus ensures excellent durability for the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    p-type substrate (1)    n-type layers (3)    silver grid electrodes (10)
NOVELTY - A storage system holds and surrenders gaseous fuel, e.g. methane and hydrogen, to a fuel cell. The storage system comprises a pore metal-organic matrix, with metal ions and one or more bivalent organic bonds, attached to the metal ion by a complex compound.    USE - Hydrogen gas storage matrix for fuel cell power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The gas storage assembly has significantly higher capacity than prior art activated carbon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a commensurate fuel cell e.g. for automotive and/or other mobile applications.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a powder x-ray diffractogram of MOF-5-organic material web. The horizontal X-axis indicates a scatter angle of 2( degrees, and the vertical y-axis represents the scatter intensity in arbitrary units.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell or hydrolyzer comprises a central proton exchange membrane, a diffuser layer on one side of the membrane, and a flat electrode (6) having openings and supporting the diffuser layer. The flat electrode has a base structure (8) containing at least 90 wt.% nickel and having a precious metal coating (9).    USE - Used as a fuel cell or hydrolyzer.    ADVANTAGE - The internal electrical resistance is low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The precious metal coating completely covers the base structure in the fuel cell or hydrolyzer and contains at least 99% platinum and/or palladium.    Preferred Features: The base structure contains at least 96, preferably 99 wt.% nickel. The base structure is produced using a mask. A phosphorus-nickel layer is provided between the base structure and the precious metal coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the flat electrode of the fuel cell.    Flat electrode (6)    Base structure (8)    Precious metal coating (9)
NOVELTY - Copper/zinc/aluminum catalysts are obtained by 2-stage precipitation from solutions of aluminum, copper and/or zinc salts with alkaline solutions or alkali aluminate/aluminum hydroxide sol, using a different Cu/Zn atom ratio in each stage.    USE - For methanol synthesis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, methanol reforming, low-temperature water gas conversion (low-temperature shift reaction) or in fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables the production of copper/zinc/aluminum catalysts with a gradation in chemical composition or copper/zinc atom ratio, showing high specific activity, small loss of activity over the running time and good stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for the production of a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst (I) containing copper oxide and zinc oxide with aluminum oxide as stabilizer comprises:    (a) precipitation of a first precipitate (1) from solutions of Al, Cu and/or Zn salts with alkaline solution or an alkali aluminate/aluminum hydroxide sol;    (b) aging precipitate 1 for 0-5 hours at 20-100 (preferably 40-90) degreesC;    (c) further precipitation (2) by adding a solution of compounds of Cu, Zn and/or Al with a different Cu/Zn atom ratio to that used for 1 and an alkaline solution of aluminate/Al hydroxide sol;    (d) aging precipitate 2 for 0.5-5 hours at 20-100 (preferably 40-90) degreesC;    (e) separating the precipitate and washing to remove alkali ions; and    (f) drying followed by calcining at 250-400degreesC.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for catalysts in the form of particles obtained by this method, with an inner core comprising 10-50% of the total catalyst wt. and an outer shell, and in which the Cu/Zn atom ratio shows a gradient between the core and the shell.
NOVELTY - Accumulator comprises a housing having a lithium ion battery with dimensions 2.0 cm height x 3.2 cm width x 1.1 cm depth, and 14.4 cm2 gallium indium phosphide and gallium arsenide solar cells forming tandem cells having 20-30% degree of action and a photosensitivity of up to 1 mA/IM. An AlInGaP LED is built into the accumulator.    USE - Used for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The accumulator has a long service life with a high energy yield and energy recovery.
NOVELTY - Providing PEM fuel cells to utilize hydrogen that is essentially free of carbon monoxide, and providing the hydrogen gas in a process that is conducted at low temperature by using inexpensive and simple methods.    USE - The process is used for the catalytic production of a hydrogen feed for use in methanol or proton exchange membrane fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive process produces hydrogen gas which contains reduced carbon monoxide content.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalytic production of a hydrogen feed involves providing a hydrogen feed, and exposing the hydrogen feed to a catalyst which promotes a water-gas-shift reaction in a liquid phase.
NOVELTY - Soluble platinum (Pt) and soluble ruthenium (Ru) solutions, in molar ratio of 0.001:1-1:0.001, is prepared in viscous polyhydroxylic alcohol solvent, e.g. ethylene glycol or glycerol, mixed with electrically conductive support material, heated to 20-300 degreesC, to reduce Pt and Ru to zero valence state and form Pt/Ru catalyst particles having preset particle size, on support.    USE - For manufacture of platinum/ruthenium catalyst used in fuel cell (claimed), such as methanol fuel cell, particularly, portable and small footprint fuel cell e.g. polyphosphoric acid full cell, and proton exchange membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method of platinum/ruthenium catalyst, provides high activity, supported, nano-sized mixed-metal catalysts, and more particularly, methanol reformation catalysts. The prevention of aggregation and particle growth of product collides, and production of well-dispersed nano-sized metal particles, is possible by the usage of support material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solution of soluble platinum (Pt) and soluble ruthenium (Ru) in molar ratio of 0.001:1-1:0.001, is prepared in a viscous polyhydroxylic alcohol solvent chosen from ethylene glycol, glycerol, triethanolamine and trihydroxymethylamino methane and having a viscosity of 1-1000 cp, to create a viscous polyol solution. The viscous polyol solution is mixed with an electrically conductive support material, and is heated to 20-300 degreesC to reduce Pt and Ru to a zero valence state and form Pt/Ru catalyst particles having a particle size less than 1 microns on the electrically conductive support material.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing a bipolar plate for a fuel cell and a bipolar plate for the stack of a fuel cell prepared by the method are provided, wherein the bipolar plate is prepared by using an expanded graphite sheet reinforced with the ceramic powder particle by shot peening and is improved in the mechanical strength and the resistance against gas permeation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of driving ceramic powder particles onto the surface of an expanded graphite sheet by using an air gun; and preparing an embossed graphite sheet embossed by a press mold or embossing by using the ceramic particle-inserted expanded graphite sheet. Preferably the ceramic powder particle has a diameter of about 10 micrometers to 1 mm and is selected from the group consisting of boron nitride, ceramic particles and titanium carbide.
NOVELTY - A method for preparing a bipolar plate for a fuel cell and a bipolar plate for the stack of a fuel cell prepared by the method are provided, to improve the mechanical strength and the resistance against gas permeation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the steps of preparing an embossed graphite sheet embossed by a press mold or embossing by using an expanded graphite sheet; forming micropores on the surface of the embossed graphite sheet; dipping the graphite sheet into a resin solution; and washing, drying and curing the resin-infiltrated graphite sheet. Preferably the micropores are formed by using a laser or a micro pin, have a diameter of about 10 micrometers to 1 mm and a depth of about 0.1-1.0 mm, and are formed by the density of about 5-10,000 per 1 cm2; and the resin solution is a phenol resin solution.
NOVELTY - A solar cell having a cerium-dioxide layer on a substrate is provided to make hydrogen not contained in a silicon layer by growing CeO2 having the same surface structure and lattice constant as single crystal silicon on a glass substrate and by using the CeO2 as a seed layer in fabricating a fine crystal silicon thin film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transparent substrate(300) functions as a solar cell supporting plate. A CeO2 seed layer(200) has the same lattice constant of a crystal structure as silicon even at a low temperature, deposited on a side surface of the transparent substrate. A polycrystalline silicon layer(100) is used as an active layer of the solar cell, deposited on the CeO2 seed layer. A CeO2 layer has is formed on the substrate including metal electrodes(500,550) for supplying photo-generated electricity to the outside.
NOVELTY - The composition for sealing (8), contains (in wt.%) barium oxide (2-15), calcium oxide 35-48), yttria (2-15) and alumina (40-50).    USE - In contact-piece, electrochemical apparatus for sealing the electrochemical cell and the material maintaining air-tightness, and among the construction elements of electrochemical cell with respect to gas supplying materials, such as solid electrolyte, anode, cathode, flange, interconnector, manifold and feed pipe.    ADVANTAGE - The composition is stable with oxidizing and reducing gas at high temperature, and ensures high air-tightness to the electrochemical apparatus. The composition maintains the sealing property even when exposed to the heating cycle between high temperature and low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) contact piece; and    (2) electrochemical apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the elevation of the assembly of the sealing object and the molding of mixed powder for sealing, and the contact piece obtained by heat-melting the molding.    composition for sealing (8)
NOVELTY - The branched pipe (23) from oxygen supply system at downstream side of compressor (5) is connected to the modifier (12). The selector valves (7,8) are provided to oxygen supply system and branch pipe, respectively. The compressed air from the compressor is sent to rise the temperature of modifier, through pipe (23).    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier is warmed up shortly, without expanding the fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel-cell (1)    cathode (1a)    anode (1b)    compressor (5)    selector valves (7,8)    modifier (12)    secondary battery (17)    oxygen supply system (22)    branch pipe (23)
NOVELTY - The catalytic, metallic microparticles (3) on the outer and inner surfaces of a grain-shaped metallic structure (2), promote hydrogen occlusion and hydrogen release properties.    USE - For fuel-cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - By providing the microparticles even in the inner surface of the metallic structure, the hydrogen occlusion property of the alloy particle, is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the hydrogen occlusion alloy particle.    grain-shaped metallic structure (2)    microparticles (3)
NOVELTY - The liquid fuel coexisting under a liquid phase and a gaseous phase is desulfurized by reforming method. The desulfurization reaction product produced in the desulfurization reaction vessel (2) is extracted from the region of gas-liquid boundary surface (4) in the reactor and supplied to a modification reaction system (6).    USE - For manufacture of fuel used in fuel cells (claimed) and manufacture of high quality hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurization method of liquid fuel enables continuous supply of desulfurized reaction product at low temperature in fixed amount and fixed composition to modification-reaction system and hence modification reaction is performed stably for a long period of time. The method enables to obtain hydrogen gas of high purity by operating in low temperature low voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid fuel is kerosene and/or lamp oil. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of fuel for fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used for desulfurization of liquid fuel.    Desulfurization reaction vessel (2)    Gas-liquid boundary surface (4)    Modification reaction system (6)
NOVELTY - The modifier comprises a catalyst layer (19) cylindrically arranged along longitudinal direction of a container (12) with high-temperature gas passageway. The flow path of high-temperature gas in the exit portion of catalyst layer, is narrow when compared to the flow path in the upstream portion of the catalyst layer.    USE - Modifier reforms hydrocarbon group gas such as natural gas to reformed gas used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Controls easily the deviation of measured gas temperature and actual temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the modifier for fuel cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    container (12)    catalyst layer (19)
NOVELTY - A partition plate (20) has unevenly distributed holes (20a) for passing raw material gas.    USE - For modifying the raw material gas of a hydrocarbon group such as natural gas used in the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Deviation of gas composition is decreased and the thickness of catalyst layer is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell modifier and the top view of the partition plate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst layer (19)    partition plate (20)    holes (20a)
NOVELTY - A carbon dioxide filter (104) separates the carbon dioxide from the reformed gas ejected from membrane reformer (102). A circulator (112) recirculates the reformed gas from the carbon dioxide filter to the membrane reformer.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell used in nuclear plant.    ADVANTAGE - All the hydrogen contained in the raw material are transformed as product hydrogen. Collects carbon dioxide and uses the same for exchanging heat between the membrane reformer without ejecting it into the atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen production apparatus (100)    membrane reformer (102)    carbon dioxide filter (104)    raw material gas (106)    external heat source (107)    hydrogen (108)    circulator (112)
NOVELTY - A gas feed pipe (6) supplies a gaseous mixture of chlorinated silicon group gas and hydrogen to a reaction container (1) having a discharging electrode (2) supplied with electric power of more than 60 MHz from a power source (4). The electrode discharges and generates plasma within the container. An anode (3) supporting an object (8) heats the object.    USE - Used for manufacturing a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process maintains the permeability of the light of an electrode by supplying gas containing a mixture of chlorinated silicon group gas and hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction container (1)    Discharging electrode (2)    Anode (3)    Power source (4)    Gas feed pipe (6)    Object (8)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell (100) is of nip or pin type, and contains a silicon film (6) as a photoelectric converting layer. The layer contains boron, gallium or indium as impurity with a concentration of 1 x 10 power 16 - 1 x 10 power 18/cm3.    USE - Used as solar-power generation element, solar cell, power sensor or optoelectric transducer.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic cell restrains reduction in short-circuit current density to a minimum, has a higher release voltage, and provides an optoelectric transducer having high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional model of a photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon film (6)    Photovoltaic cell (100)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide removal device has an unit which changes contact amount of a methanation catalyst to a heating gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The methanation catalyst decreases the carbon monoxide contained in the heating gas by methanation catalytic reaction.    USE - For fuel cell power generating device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide removal device reduces amount of by-product generated during methanation when heating gas is supplied at low flow rate and thereby prevents reduction of efficiency of the fuel cell power generating device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) operating method of fuel cell power generating device; and    (2) fuel cell power generating device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of carbon monoxide removal device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A bypass pipe (42) with a cut-off valve (44), branched from a piping between a modifier (1) and a compressor (50), is connected to the modifier. After shutdown state of hydrogen generator, the modifier is driven by burning the hydrogen rich gas produced in the modifier.    USE - For operating hydrogen generator (claimed) used in fuel cell power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces starting time of hydrogen generator, as the modifier is driven by burning hydrogen gas after shutdown of hydrogen generator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1)    Bypass pipe (42)    Cut-off valve (44)    Compressor (50)
NOVELTY - The plant (1) has a reaction tank (5) which promotes the reaction of a liquid mixture (2) sent from a hold tank (3) and a recovery tank (6) which collects the product through a pipeline (9). A storage tank (4) is provided to temporarily store the solution from the reaction tank and suppresses the gas generation when the pressure in the recovery tank exceeds a preset limit.    USE - For generating a gas such as hydrogen by promoting a reaction between the solid and liquid contents such as a hydrides and water of liquid mixture by heating or with a catalyst arc temperature higher than a normal temperature in the mixed state.    ADVANTAGE - A gas of appropriate quantity can be generated by suitably making the contents of a liquid mixture to react under a temperature higher than a normal temperature, since solution from the reaction tank is temporarily stored in a storage tank and the gas generation is suppressed. The expansion of the equipment can be avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas is produced by promoting the reaction between the solid and liquid contents of the liquid mixtures with heating or a catalyst in the mixed state within the reaction tank. The storage tank is connected in the middle of a liquid mixture transfer path (7a) from the hold tank to the reaction tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The shows the structure of hydrogen generator.    hydrogen generator (1)    liquid mixture (2)    raw material hold tank (3)    temporary storage tank (4)    reaction tank (5)    recovery tank (6)    liquid mixture transfer path (7a)    pipeline (9)
NOVELTY - The connection units which are mutually connected for connecting their fluid flow paths (8,18), have optical communication units (7,17) for information transfer between them.    USE - For fuel cell power generation apparatus used in personal digital assistant (PDA).    ADVANTAGE - Because an optical communication unit is used for information transfer between connection units, the number of components in connector structure are reduced, thus size and cost of PDA are reduced. Information transmission is stabilized by using light between the connection sections, without requiring wiring or transmission/reception of electrical signals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of connector structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    optical communication units (7,17)    fluid flow paths (8,18)
NOVELTY - A desulfurization catalyst comprises 0.1-50 wt.% of rare earth elements and Y type zeolite.    USE - For hydrocarbon raw material in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst efficiently de-sulfurizes the sulfur compound contained in raw material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) desulfurization method of hydrocarbon raw material; and    (2) a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel-cell system.
NOVELTY - A gas dispersing plate (9) is provided between a fuel gas introduction portion (4) having a premixing chamber (8) and a reaction container (3) having a catalyst particle circulation unit (1). A drain prevention unit (15) for preventing draining of catalyst particles (10) in the container, is provided at the exit side of the container having a heating coil (13).    USE - For producing hydrogen gas used in fuel cell, used for chemical reactions and in iron industry, ammonia manufacturing plant.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient and stable production of hydrogen gas is enabled, the structure of apparatus is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of hydrogen gas production apparatus.    catalyst particle circulation unit (1)    reaction container (3)    fuel gas introduction portion (4)    premixing chamber (8)    gas dispersing plate (9)    catalyst particle (10)    heating coil (13)    drain prevention unit (15)
NOVELTY - Occlusion of hydrogen by carbon material is performed by electrolysis of water.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is easily occluded and emission of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide is prevented. Using carbon material of large weight enables occlusion of hydrogen at more than the constant rate.
NOVELTY - The catalyst is obtained by the reduction of a complex oxide catalyst precursor containing nickel and aluminum, using hydrogen at 600 degreesC or more.    USE - For manufacturing mixed gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide used in fuel cell modifier (claimed), and used as raw material for hydrogenation and carbonylation reactions.    ADVANTAGE - The decomposition of methanol is performed with extremely high activity, selectivity and stability. The mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is manufactured efficiently using the catalyst. The catalyst has high activity for a long period of time. Mixed gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is easy to store, transport and handle is produced easily from methanol.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide;    (2) manufacture of hydrogen from methanol and carbon dioxide;    (3) methanolysis apparatus; and    (4) modifier for fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the variation in time course of methanol conversion ratio which uses the catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A direct dimethyl-ether type fuel cell has a cathode and an anode, distributed via an electrolyte. The fuel cell has a cell stack comprised such that air is supplied as oxidizing agent to the anode, as an electric-power-generation portion (10). The fuel cell has a pressurization container (20), which accommodates dimethyl ether and water to be supplied as a fuel to the cathode.    USE - For portable use, such as mobile telephones, and as electric power unit for computers.    ADVANTAGE - The direct dimethyl-ether type fuel cell is compact. Water-level detection and water-replenishment are eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A direct dimethyl-ether type fuel cell has a cathode and an anode, distributed via an electrolyte containing proton electroconductive polyelectrolyte or hydroxide ion electroconductive polyelectrolyte. The fuel cell has a cell stack comprised such that air is supplied as oxidizing agent to the anode, as an electric-power-generation portion (10). The fuel cell has a pressurization container (20) which accommodates dimethyl ether and water to be supplied as a fuel to the cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the direct dimethyl-ether type fuel cell.    Electric-power-generation portion (10)    Pressurization container (20)
NOVELTY - The solid electrolyte contains a complex oxide comprising group 4 element as a main component. The complex oxide is obtained by hydrolyzing, gelatinizing and curing a mixture containing a compound having at least chosen from groups 4, 2, 3, 13, 14 and 15.    USE - For proton conductivity-type fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte has group 4 element containing complex oxide which is excellent in proton electroconductivity in high temperature. The solid electrolyte responds to high temperature operation.
NOVELTY - A controller controls the storage operation or supply operation of hydrogen with respect to a hydrogen storage tank (9), a hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (11) and a fuel cell (12). A communication device delivers and receives information about hydrogen between the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus and the fuel cell according to the request from the controller.    USE - Hydrogen storage container for electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to efficiently and easily store/supply hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen supply method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen storage container. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen storage tank (9)    hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (11)    fuel cell (12)
NOVELTY - Modifier for fuel cell comprises an air injection opening (17) in a diffusion chamber at inclined angle to supply air, so that the inclination angle of the opening with respect to injection direction of spraying object from the vaporizer is equal to or more than 90 degrees.    USE - Modifier for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enables injecting objects uniformly and effectively to spray liquid with less dripping.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded sectional view of the modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    air injection opening (17)
NOVELTY - The motor has a rotary shaft (13) to which a rotator (12) and a fuel cell (16) are attached. The rotator is driven by electric power generated by the fuel cell, upon supplying anode and cathode active substances. The amount of active substances supplied to the fuel cell is controlled based on rotation angle of the rotator.    USE - Used as a battery powered motor.    ADVANTAGE - As the supply of anode and cathode electrode active substances to the fuel cell are controlled according to the rotation angle of the rotator, the required output voltage is obtained from the fuel cell in the motor, without the need for commutator and brush in the motor. Hence, the power loss, overall size and cost of the motor are reduced effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the battery powered motor.    Rotator (12)    Rotary shaft (13)    Fuel cell (16)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generation apparatus comprises a reformer for generating reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by reacting a material containing organic compound and water; a removal device having shifter(s) for reducing carbon monoxide contained in reformed gas; and a humidifying device for humidifying the material directly or indirectly using moisture contained in reformed gas.    USE - The inventive apparatus is used for generating hydrogen (claimed). It is useful in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive apparatus is capable of operating at high efficiency while humidifying a material gas with a simple structure and at a low heat quantity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel-cell power generation system comprising the inventive hydrogen generation apparatus, and a fuel cell for generating power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a fuel-cell power generation apparatus.
NOVELTY - A multi-junction, monolithic solar cell device (10) comprises bottom active cell (20) having single-crystal silicon substrate (22) base and bottom emitter layer (23) forming first p-n-junction, top active cell (30) having top base layer (32) and top emitter layer (33) forming second p-n-junction, and tunnel junction (50) layer interposed between the bottom active cell and top active cell.    USE - For converting solar radiation into electrical energy (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention does not develop strain-related defects and the entire active cell is considered lattice-matched with silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of converting solar radiation into electrical energy comprising forming first p-n-junction with bottom active cell, forming second p-n-junction with top active cell, and facilitating electrical current flow between the bottom active cell and top active cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view illustrating a two-junction solar cell device.    Multi-junction, monolithic solar cell device (10)    Bottom active cell (20)    Silicon substrate (22)    Bottom emitter layer (23)    Top active cell (30)    Top base layer (32)    Top emitter layer (33)    Tunnel junction (50)
NOVELTY - Amorphous ferrosilicide film showing semiconductor characteristics, comprises an amorphous FeSi2 film obtained by sputtering method which has a band-gap of 0.6-1.0eV.    USE - Used in solar cell elements and in light-emitting and receiving elements for communications.    ADVANTAGE - Perfect amorphous ferrosilicide showing semiconductor characteristics similar to beta-FeSi2 cannot yet be obtained by cluster ion beam deposition, molecular beam epitaxial growth, ion implantation or RF magnetron sputtering. The amorphous ferrosilicide is produced simply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the amorphous ferrosilicide film by depositing FeSi2 as a continuous film by a sputtering method on a substrate of under 400degreesC in an argon gas pressure of at most5mTorr using a FeSi2 alloy target of atomic ratio of Fe and Si of 1:2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 4 shows a light absorption spectrum of the ferrosilicide and a graph of the substrate temperature retention properties of the absorption coefficient alpha. (Drawing contains non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Non-halide based ionic liquid is prepared by reacting an organic halide salt with a Bronsted acid other than a hydrohalic acid, and an alcohol, an alkene or an alkyne.    USE - The invention is for preparing non-halide based ionic liquid useful as solvent for organic synthesis, electrochemistry, and catalysis. The ionic liquid can also be used as phase-transfer catalyst, liquid-membrane material, thermal transfer fluid, high temperature lubricant, plasticizer, in separation sciences, and as a component in electrical storage devices (such as electrochemical capacitors, batteries and fuel cells).    ADVANTAGE - The invention is economical and efficient, and reduces the amount of halide ion present in the final product.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of non-halide based ionic liquid of formula Q+A- (I), comprises reacting an organic halide salt of formula Q+X- (II) with a Bronsted acid other than a hydrohalic acid, and an alcohol, an alkene or an alkyne. The Bronsted acid has a conjugate base A-.    Q+ = organic cation;    X- = halide.    When Q+ is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, HA is not sulfuric acid or methylsulfonic acid.
NOVELTY - In a process to convert hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen for use in a fuel cell, a primary gas supply is generated from the hydrocarbon fuel and subjected to two oxidation process stages.    USE - Process to convert hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The conversion process is more selective and efficient than prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In each oxidation stage, a secondary gaseous oxidation agent is introduced. In one zone, the two gas flows mix at a point where the Mol ratio of the two oxidation agents and fuel is much greater than the Mol ratio of the overall process. In this zone, a non-thermal plasma is created which generates reactive particles from the oxidation agents. The oxidation agent is gaseous steam (H2O), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) or a mixture of these. The oxidation agent is introduced together with a non-oxidizing gas component e.g. Nitrogen (N2) or a noble gas. The secondary gas flow is air, combustion gaseous exhausts, or a mixture of these. Also claimed is a commensurate assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the principle of operation for steam reformation of a gaseous combustion fuel. (Drawing includes non English-language text).    Fuel valve (41)    Heat exchanger (42)    Heater (42a)    Water valve (43)    Water heat exchanger (44)    Steam super-heater (44b)    Gas treatment stage (45)    Dosing unit (46)    Energy supply (47)    Reaction gas treatment (48a)    Heat exchanger (48)
NOVELTY - In a process to convert gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen for a fuel cell, the fuel reacts with an oxidation agent to generate a primary gas flow which then subjected as a secondary gas to two further treatment stages. As secondary gas is admixed to the primary gas in a two-stage process.    USE - Process to generate hydrogen gas for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The conversion process is more selective and efficient than prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In one zone, the two gases mix at a point where the Mol ratio of the oxidation agent and fuel is much greater than the Mol ratio of the overall process. In this zone, a non-thermal plasma is created which generates reactive particles from the oxidation agents. The oxidation agent is gaseous steam (H2O), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) or a mixture of these. The oxidation agent is introduced together with a non-oxidizing gas component e.g. Nitrogen (N2) or a noble gas. The secondary gas flow is air, combustion gaseous exhausts, or a mixture of these. Also claimed is a commensurate assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the principle of operation for steam reformation of a gaseous combustion fuel.    Gas valve (41)    Heater (42a)    Water valve (43)    Heat exchanger (44)    Water evaporator (44a)    Steam super heater (44b)    Gas treatment stage (45)    Dosing unit (46)    Energy supply (47)    Reaction gas heat exchanger (48)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprise an electron source disposed within an anode compartment in electrical communication with an anode, and an aqueous peroxide catholyte solution in a cathode compartment.    USE - Fuel cell for electrical power generation and storage.    ADVANTAGE - The device minimizes the oxygen consumption of available electrons, thus maximizing the overall redox potential of the cathode compartment chemistry.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises an anode compartment (3), a cathode compartment (1) and a membrane (2) disposed between the anode and cathode compartments. The membrane is capable of passing positive charge from the anode compartment to cathode compartment. An anode (5) is disposed within the anode compartment having an anode surface area AA. A cathode (4) is disposed within the cathode compartment having a cathode surface area AC. AA is in electrical communication with AC and the electrode area ratio (EAR) is equal to AC/AA. An electron source for providing electrons is disposed within the anode compartment in electrical communication with the anode and an aqueous peroxide catholyte solution in the cathode compartment is in contact with AC. AC and AA are selected so that EAR is less than or equal to JEC/JTOS, where JEC is the anode electron current provided by the electron source and JTOS is the diffusion limited electron current density for oxygen in the peroxide catholyte solution saturated with oxygen.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of adjusting electrical current flow by varying the surface area of electrodes of the fuel cell, comprising changing the EAR by selectively connecting the anode and cathode electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic depiction of an electrochemical device.    Cathode compartment (1)    Membrane (2)    Anode compartment (3)    Cathode (4)    Anode (5)
NOVELTY - A novel gas odorant for fuel gas, containing at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from dialkyl sulfides such as dimethylsulfide and diethylsulfide and cyclic sulfides such as thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene, is new.    USE - The fuel gas odorant is for use as an odorant for a fuel gas, and is especially suitable for use for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel gas odorant provides a desirable odor to fuel gas for fuel cells without poisoning the catalysts used in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sulfur-containing compound is at least one compound selected from compounds represented by general formulae (1) and (2).    R1-S-R2 (1);    R1, R2 = 1-4C alkyl or alkenyl group ;    R3 = 2-5C saturated or unsaturated carbon chain which may be substituted with a 1-3C alkyl or alkenyl group.
NOVELTY - Developing a method for removing hydrogen that utilizes low sulfur content, renewable and non-flammable starting materials, the method proceeding at a lower temperature than conventional steam reforming of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum feedstocks.    USE - The invention is used to produce hydrogen useful for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention uses far less dangerous oxygenated hydrocarbon reactants produced from renewable resources, such as biomass that is abundant and fully renewable. The use of these feedstocks in power generation applications does not result in net increase of carbon dioxide vented to atmosphere. The invention functions at much lower temperature than conventional steam reforming of hydrocarbons. It allows for the reforming of the oxygenated hydrocarbons and a simultaneous WGS (sic) reaction to take place in single reactor. It is carried out in condensed liquid phase thus, it eliminates a need to vaporize water to steam.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen is produced by reacting water and water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon having at least 2C atoms in presence of metal-containing catalyst having metal consisting of Group VIIIB transition metals and/or their alloys.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing hydrogen via condensed-phase reforming comprising reacting water and a water-soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon in the condensed phase, in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst, where the catalyst comprises a metal selected from Group VIIIB transition metal and/or their alloys.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a reactor system that can be used to carry out the condensed liquid phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons.
NOVELTY - A fuel composition, comprises: (a) a solvent; (b) a first portion of a first fuel, dissolved in the solvent; and (c) a second portion of the first fuel, suspended in the solvent.    USE - For use in electrochemical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The composition allows a hydride fuel to be used to its full capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for generating electricity, comprising:    (i) providing a fuel cell including a cathode and an anode;    (ii) contacting an oxidizer with the cathode; and    (iii) contacting a fuel composition as above, with the anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The multi-junction solar cell (100) has a gallium arsenide buffer (103), a gallium arsenide cell (102) and an indium gallium phosphorus cell (101) formed in order on a germanium substrate (104). An epitaxially grown diode (106) that is electrically connected across gallium arsenide cell and indium gallium phosphorus cell, is integrally formed on a portion of phosphorus cell.    USE - As a solar cell with a monolithic integral bypass diode to prevent reverse biasing, used for electrical power generation especially onboard a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - As diode is formed while forming the gallium arsenide buffer, gallium arsenide cell and indium gallium phosphorus cell, the diode is manufacture with high rate of efficiency and is operable even at low voltages. Also the need for diode additional manufacturing steps or additional layers to be grown on the cell, is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for monolithic diode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the multi-junction solar cell.    multi-junction solar cell (100)    indium gallium phosphorus cell (101)    gallium arsenide cell (102)    gallium arsenide buffer (103)    germanium substrate (104)    epitaxially grown diode (106)
NOVELTY - The methanol reforming apparatus comprises reforming section, combustion section, and oxidation section, in sequence. The reforming section induces a reaction of reforming fuel and formation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The combustion section has a combustion catalyst. The oxidation section oxidizes carbon monoxide as by-product generated in the reforming section into carbon dioxide.    USE - For reforming methanol to produce hydrogen for powering fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is compact and highly efficient. It reduces carbon monoxide concentration in a reformed gas during load fluctuations below the concentration allowable for fuel cells. It includes an oxidation section downstream of reforming section, thus providing temperature distribution for highest thermal efficiency. It is manufactured in low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The methanol reforming apparatus comprises reforming section (12), combustion section (11), and oxidation section. The reforming section induces a reaction of reforming fuel and formation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The combustion section supplies a reforming heat to the reforming section, and has a combustion catalyst. The oxidation section oxidizes carbon monoxide as by-product generated in the reforming section into carbon dioxide. Each section is stacked in contact with the other. First passages are connected to combustion section and second passages to reforming section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded perspective view of the inventive apparatus.    Thin sheets (1)    Spacers (3)    Combustion section (11)    Reforming section (12)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor wafer (18) is cleaned and loaded onto a stage located in a vacuum system. A specified amount of elemental dopant atoms (3, 6) having thermal velocities, is deposited onto the surface of the cleaned wafer. The wafer is heated to diffuse the dopant atoms into the wafer and then removed from the vacuum system.    USE - Used for forming ultra-shallow diffused junctions using elemental doping, during the manufacture of semiconductor devices such as p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), esaki tunnel diodes and very large scale integrated (VLSI) transistors used in solar cells, lasers, rectifiers and electronic devices such as televisions (TV), radios and computers.    ADVANTAGE - Ultra-shallow diffused junctions are formed efficiently using elemental doping.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show a schematic flow diagram illustrating ultra-shallow diffused junction formation and a side elevational view of the wafer respectively.    Elemental dopant atoms (3,6)    Semiconductor wafer (18)
NOVELTY - The powder grain shaped hydrogen occlusion material (M) forcedly flows from hydrogen occlusion container (1) to hydrogen release container (2) through a dispersion plate (3), so that hydrogen gas contacts the material flowing through the plate.    USE - Hydrogen refiner.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens occlusion time of hydrogen with reduced running cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen refiner. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    hydrogen occlusion container (1)    hydrogen release container (2)    dispersion plate (3)    hydrogen occlusion material (M)
NOVELTY - An electrical resistance reduction film (20) comprising 100 wt.% tin (Sn), is formed on the surface of a collector electrode and a connection electrode (15B) comprising silver. A copper wire (12) coated with tin is attached to the connection electrode through the electrical resistance reduction film for connecting the solar battery elements in series.    USE - Used for manufacturing an integrated polycrystalline silicon solar cell for use in common domestic electric appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The weight of the solar cell and the manufacturing cost are reduced. The efficiency of operation and reliability are improved, providing safety w.r.t operating environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the integrated polycrystalline silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Copper wire (12)    Connection electrode (15B)    Electrical-resistance reduction processing film (20)
NOVELTY - A disc shaped hollow carbon cluster (1) contains a metal atom.    USE - Used as electrode agent in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hollow carbon clusters have excellent mechanical strength, hydrogen storage capacity and field emission properties and are easier to prepare than fullerenes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for metal-containing hollow carbon fiber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hollow carbon cluster.    hollow carbon cluster (1)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has insulating layer (2) comprising non-metal, electrode (3) and support (4) formed on surface of hydrogen ion transparent layer (1) comprising metal, and insulating layer (5) comprising non-metal, electrode (6) which ionizes hydrogen and support (7) formed on the opposite surface of layer (1). Layer (1) permeates only hydrogen ion. Supports form space with respective electrodes.    USE - For electrochemical electric power generating apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell does not require expensive ceramic material, prevents reduction in the property for longer duration, and has excellent reliability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the fuel cell.    Hydrogen ion transparent layer (1)    Insulating layers (2, 5)    Electrodes (3, 6)    Supports (4, 7)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide shift catalyst contains active complex oxide of copper and noble metals, on oxide support.    USE - Used in water gas shift reaction (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is inexpensive, strong under oxidizing atmosphere and is operated under a wide temperature range. The catalyst has improved surface area and catalytic activity. The oxide support has high carbon monoxide absorption property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of carbon monoxide shift catalyst which involves supporting active complex of noble metals and copper in alcohol under reduced pressure, on support having hydrotalcite structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing relationship of temperature and carbon monoxide concentration. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The honey-comb modification-catalyst component has a honey-comb structure having several small holes penetrated in the direction in which gas flows. The catalyst comprises a region where the gas-flow is given a turbulent flow over the entire flow path. The catalyst advances the modification reactions supported by the surface of a partition wall which divides the small holes.    USE - In modification reactions which produce hydrogen-containing gas from original heating gas containing hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE - The honey-comb modification-catalyst component provides quality improvement rate, without increasing the concentration of carbon monoxide, and reaction temperature. Deterioration of the modification-catalyst is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the turbulent flow of gas in the honey-comb modification-catalyst component. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The solar cell module (101) that is provided on a concrete mounting stand (102) projects out from the mounting stand edge portion so as to fix solar cell module to the mounting stand using adhesive.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Since the solar cell module projects out from edge portion of mounting stand, the fixing of module to the stand is performed efficiently and the operation reliability of the module is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module installation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the solar cell module.    Solar cell module (101)    Concrete mounting stand (102)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has transparent adhesive layers (13A,13B) sealed between front and back protection layers. A hard coat layer (15) consisting of hardening film of resin comprising ultraviolet curable resin, oligomer having acryloyl or a methacryloyl group, or thermosetting type silicone is provided on the surface of an organic polymer film layer (11) contacting the adhesive layer (13A).    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high light reception amount for longer time with improved abrasion proof property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Organic polymer film layer (11)    Transparent adhesive layers (13A,13B)    Hard coat layer (15)
NOVELTY - An organic-inorganic composite film is formed by coating solution containing organic-inorganic composite and diluent solvent, on base. The composite is formed by polymerizing organic compound having functional group(s) which form organic polymeric chain, in presence of inorganic high-molecular compound. The inorganic compound content in film changes continuously along thickness direction from its surface.    USE - For structure (claimed) e.g. photocatalytic active material for steel plate of motor vehicles, electroconductive material layer for electroluminescent element, liquid crystal element, solar cell, as electromagnetic wave shield film and antistatic property film. Also used for cathode ray tube display, flat panel display and window glasses of motor vehicle and building, and for plastic lens.    ADVANTAGE - The organic-inorganic composite film excels in transparency. The rate of content of inorganic component in the film continuously changes from surface along its thickness direction. The thickness of structure is controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Manufacture of organic-inorganic composite film;    (2) Coating agent; and    (3) Structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows relationship of sputtering time and rate of silicon content. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Reactor for the autothermal reforming of hydrocarbons comprises a reaction zone containing a catalyst, arranged so that the reactants are transformed when the cross the reaction zone ; the reactor is provided with external heating in the terminal region of the zone to accelerate the transformation of hydrocarbons.    USE - The reactor is useful in a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The unit can function with a low air coefficient(pi), defined as :- pi = amount of O2 supplied to the reaction / amount of O2 necessary for complete oxidation. The system of the invention allows a reduction of the air coefficient , typically 0.25 - 0.35, and thus reduction of energy necessary for air compression and without producing a reduction of transformation of hydrocarbons in the terminal reaction zone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the use of the reforming unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a reforming unit of the invention    Reaction zone (1)    Wall (2)    Catalyst structure (3)    Terminal zone (5)    Radiant catalytic burner (6)    Entry region (7)    Exit region (8)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises: electrogenerating portion (14) having fuel electrode, oxidant electrode, and electrolyte membrane sandwiched between fuel and oxidant electrodes; fuel accommodating container (11) accommodating a fuel to be supplied to fuel electrode; and fuel discharging portion connected to fuel electrode.    USE - For use as fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention reduces not only the leakage of fuel and by-products produced in oxidizing a fuel, but also leakage of them out of fuel cell by evaporation. It is capable of detecting the remaining amount of fuel with high accuracy without separately providing a system detecting the remaining amount of fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view showing a constitution of a fuel cell system.    Fuel accommodating container (11)    Electrogenerating portion (14)    Absorbing portion (16)
NOVELTY - Production of a layer structure on a flat substrate comprises: applying an inorganic ceramic material to the substrate; and heat treating to harden and sinter the inorganic ceramic material.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells and laminates in the furniture and building industries.    ADVANTAGE - The structure has high strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The inorganic ceramic material is applied to the substrate by screen printing, using pressure, doctoring and/or by spraying. The inorganic ceramic material is embedded in a tissue, metal wire or in fibers and then applied to the substrate.
NOVELTY - An aromatic compound-containing starting material is contacted with a supercritical or subcritical fluid in presence of a transition metal element containing catalyst at 350-800 degreesC, at a pressure of 3-50 MPa, to obtain a nanocarbon material.    USE - For electrode materials in light emission devices such as field emission displays, rechargeable lithium batteries, as catalyst retaining carbon material in fuel cells and as hydrogen storage material in hydrogen storage system.    ADVANTAGE - Nanocarbon materials are quantitatively produced at a reasonable production cost from relatively inexpensive raw material, under low-pressure condition.
NOVELTY - Solar cell comprises a semiconductor substrate (1) of one conducting type; a layer of opposing conductivity arranged on the surface side of the substrate; a surface electrode (4); and a rear electrode formed on the rear side of the substrate. The substrate is formed with microscopic protrusions and recesses (1c) on the surface side. A chamber (1d) is provided in the lower sections of the recesses and is filled with a glass component of an electrode material of the surface electrode.    USE - Used as a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is highly efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the solar cell. Preferred Features: The recesses are 0.2-1 microns deep. The substrate is a polycrystalline silicon substrate. The electrode contains silver particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partial section through the solar cell.    semiconductor substrate (1)    recess (1c)    chamber (1d)    surface electrode (4)
NOVELTY - Device for purifying waste gas comprises: a feed line (1) for introducing an oxidant into a cathode chamber of a fuel cell; a removal line (2) for removing waste gas from the fuel cell; a region containing the feed line and the removal line separated by a porous layer (3); and a catalyst (4) applied on the surface of the porous layer directed toward the removal line.    USE - Used in a direct-alcohol fuel cell or direct-alcohol fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Unwanted removal of alcohol is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a direct-alcohol fuel cell or direct-alcohol fuel cell stack using the above device.    Preferred Features: The porous layer is formed as a water-permeable membrane. The porous layer is oxygen-permeable. The catalyst is used in the conversion of methanol.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device.    Feed line (1)    Removal line (2)    Porous layer (3)    Catalyst (4)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage nanostructure comprises a nanostructure storage material including light elements (16, 20) from beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, or chlorine. The nanostructured storage material is adapted to absorb hydrogen by physisorption.    USE - For hydrogen storage system for storing hydrogen used in fuel cells for hydrogen-powered automobiles or portable energy devices.    ADVANTAGE - The invention ensures high storage efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a hydrogen storage system comprising a container and the inventive hydrogen storage nanostructure; and    (b) a method of storing hydrogen comprising introducing hydrogen into the nanostructured storage material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a nanocage structure.    Light elements (16, 20)    Sp2 bonds (24)
NOVELTY - A supported catalyst comprises catalyst metal nanoparticles with an average particle size of at most 3 nanometer (nm) supported on support particles. The weight of catalyst metal nanoparticles in the supported catalyst is at least 30% of the weight of the supported catalyst.    USE - For use in fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalyst assembly provides superior performance in electrochemical cells, e.g. smaller average particle sizes, even at higher loadings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making the above supported catalyst, by providing a solution of metal chlorides of catalyst metal(s) in a solvent system having polyalcohol, forming a colloidal suspension of unprotected catalyst metal nanoparticles by raising the pH of solution and heating solution, adding support particles to the colloidal suspension, and depositing unprotected catalyst metal nanoparticles on support particles by lowering the pH of suspension.
NOVELTY - A package material is patterned into a pole form layout. A package is formed into several layers including a fuel reservoir interface layer, a layer of several resistive heating elements, a microporous flow host structure layer having a fuel cell and a cap layer. Microchannels are then incorporated into the package.    USE - For forming fuel cell package for miniature fuel cell device.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to withstand high temperatures, and weight, size and cost are reduced. The resistive heating elements enables to control temperature of electrode-electrolyte-electrode layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell package.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an illustration of a layer, fuel manifold and resistive heater layer of a ceramic green tape fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The organic fuel vapors in canister (16) is processed to produce hydrogen for generating electricity, after charging fuel processor (56) when sulfur trap adsorbent temperature is below preset operating temperature. When the adsorbent temperature is higher, the sulfur containing species of fuel in tank (4) is removed, and the liquid fuel is separated from vapor fuel for processing to produce hydrogen for electricity generation.    USE - For delivering fuel and air to fuel cell system, for use in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables removal of the sulfur containing species from the fuel effectively, thus protecting the primary reactor catalyst from sulfur. Hence, the electricity is generated efficiently and the fuel cell system is started rapidly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the above fuel and air delivery system.    tank (4)    canister (16)    fuel processor (56)
NOVELTY - A pair of plates (614,616) are joined to form reactor apertures (602,604,606,608,610) and channels to direct the reactants. The plates have inlet and outlet orifices for respectively receiving a hydrocarbon stream and to exhaust a reformate stream.    USE - As fuel processor assembly in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Maximizes amount of heat transfer surface area, without the need for expensive plumbing provisions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel processor assembly method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the above fuel processor.    reactor apertures (602,604,606,608,610)    plates (614,616)
NOVELTY - The production of a silicon solar cell reduces energy cost by lowering the temperature of a thermal process and improves conversion efficiency by reducing impurities and thermal budget.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An emitter junction is formed by diffusing a phosphor on a front surface (22a) of a p-type silicon substrate (20). An oxide layer is removed from a back surface (22) of the p-type silicon substrate. An aluminum layer (24) and an amorphous silicon layer (25) are formed on the back surface of the p-type silicon substrate by vacuum deposition or sputtering. A thermal process is performed under an inert gas atmosphere or a hydrogen gas atmosphere to form a p+ type silicon layer (27) and an aluminum layer (26). A thermal process is performed under a temperature lower than eutectic temperature. A back junction region (28) is generated by forming the p+ type silicon layer and the aluminum layer.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator (3) generates hydrogen gas and supplies it to a fuel cell (4) as a heating gas. A carbon monoxide adsorber (7) with transition metal oxide absorbent is connected between the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell to absorb carbon monoxide in the heating gas.    USE - For removing harmful gases like carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen compounds from heating gas supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell power generating device can be operated continuously and stably by removing excess amount of carbon monoxide in the heating gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generator (3)    fuel cell (4)    carbon monoxide adsorber (7)
NOVELTY - The modification catalyst comprises mixture of a catalyst component (I) comprising copper oxide and zinc oxide, and a catalyst component (II) comprising palladium and zinc.    USE - For fuel modifier of fuel cell electric vehicle, burner and heater for generation of hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst promotes autothermal modification reaction, and has excellent oxidation resistance and durability. Thermal deterioration of the catalyst is prevented, and the generation of carbon monoxide is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of the modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plot of palladium/zinc mass ratio for residual carbon monoxide (in percentage) and residual methanol volume% after using modification catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A direct current voltage is applied to a raw material gas containing water vapor and liquid alcohol, so that the reaction is induced between water vapor and liquid alcohol to generate hydrogen.    USE - For generating hydrogen used as reacting matter in fuel cell for motor vehicle, aircraft, electric power generation. Also for manufacturing semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Byproducts such as acetylene are not generated, hence pure hydrogen is generated efficiently with high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen generating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen generating apparatus.
NOVELTY - A porous transparent conductive layer (2) and metallic oxide semiconductor layer (3) are sequentially formed on substrate (1). An electric charge carrying layer (5) is formed between photoelectrode (9) and catalyst layer (6). The metallic oxide semiconductor layer is immersed in pigment solution to have pigments (4) on its surface.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell with pigment sensitization property.    ADVANTAGE - Produces solar cell without reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (1)    porous transparent conductive layer (2)    metallic oxide semiconductor layer (3)    pigments (4)    electric charge carrying layer (5)    catalyst layer (6)    photoelectrode (9)
NOVELTY - The raw material includes silicon containing compound having hydrolyzable group connected by electrolyte containing iodine, or hydroxyl group connected by silicon atom, and the silicon atom.    USE - For electrolyte composition (claimed) used in photosensitization solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Obtains high energy conversion efficiency, at the time of temperature rise.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electrolyte composition; and    (2) photosensitization solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the manufacturing process of the pigment sensitizing solar cell.
NOVELTY - A detachable capillary tube (16) is inserted in a cartridge (17). The source material in a raw material chamber (18) is passed through the supply path in the capillary tube and made to react with the reacting material in a reacting chamber (19). The capillary tube emits the fuel produced during the reaction, through the exhaust passage.    USE - For supplying hydrogen as fuel to the polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell used as electric power unit of small electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - Since the supply of fuel is stopped by detaching the capillary tube from the cartridge, the supply and stop of fuel is easily and safely performed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel supply apparatus.    detachable capillary tube (16)    cartridge (17)    raw material chamber (18)    reacting chamber (19)
NOVELTY - A solar cell module (101) is fixed to upper surface of a concrete mounting stand (102). The cover material (104) is provided to the periphery of the solar cell module, on the stand.    USE - Solar cell module installation structure.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents degradation of the solar cell module by alkali liquid which flows on the concrete surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module installation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the solar cell module installation structure.    Solar cell module (101)    Concrete mounting stand (102)    Cover material (104)
NOVELTY - Sealing compound comprises liquid epoxy resin, hardener consisting of novolak resin, filler with a particle size of less than 10 micrometers and a hardening accelerator. The softening point of novolak resin is 70 degrees C or less and that of the mixture liquid of epoxy resin and hardener is 50 degrees C or less, both measured by a ring and ball method.    USE - For sealing photoelectric cells, pigment sensitizing solar cells (both claimed) and optoelectric transducers.    ADVANTAGE - A sealing compound with excellent adhesiveness, moisture resistance, heat resistance and flexibility is obtained. The binding of a vertical electroconductive support during photoelectric cell manufacture is possible at normal temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Photoelectric cell; and    (2) Pigment sensitizing solar cell.
NOVELTY - Electric charge bed (4) is clamped between an electroconductive substrate (1) and a counter electrode (3), by a sealant (5). The sealant comprises liquid epoxy resin, filler with a particle size below 10 micrometers, hardener comprising novolak resin with softening point of 75 degrees C or less and hardening accelerator. The mixture of the liquid epoxy resin and novolak resin, has a softening point below 50 degrees C.    USE - Used for e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hardening is completed in a short time and the bonding strength is improved. Photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    Electroconductive substrate (1)    Counter electrode (3)    Electric charge bed (4)    Sealant (5)
NOVELTY - A pair of terminal plates (4,3) are mounted in the light receiving and non-light receiving surfaces of the photovoltaic cell (1) such that they are separated by an insulation element (5). Each terminal plate is connected to the input terminal of a power converter (2).    USE - For commercial electric power system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces noise effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar power manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the solar power generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Photovoltaic cell (1)    Power converter (2)    Terminal plates (4,3)    Insulation element (5)
NOVELTY - A solar cell module comprises a photo voltaic cell (2) covered with resin and an electric power converter (6) for converting the output of the photo voltaic cell. A reinforcing metal frame (5) has an opening (7) for attaching the electric power converter to the non-light receiving side of the photo voltaic cell.    USE - Solar cell module for electric generator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Overheating of the electric power converter is prevented and a thin solar cell module is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Electricity generator; and    (2) Solar cell module manufacturing method comprising laminating a photo voltaic cell to resin layers and then attaching this to the electric power generator using an adhesive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    photo voltaic cell (2)    Resin (3)    Reinforcement metal frame (5)    Electric power converter (6)    Opening (7)
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous gel-like composition is gelatinized by a polymer. The structure of formula (1) is introduced into the polymer chain of the polymer for gelatinization.    USE - The nonaqueous gel-like composition is used for the electro-chemical element, including a lithium primary battery, lithium secondary battery, wet solar battery, capacitor, external cavity semiconductor laser, liquid crystal display element.    ADVANTAGE - The nonaqueous gel-like composition develops acids, including LiFP6, LiBF4 and has stability in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution and compromises no battery characteristics in aged heating. The electro-chemical element has high performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer has a structure of formula (1).    The structure of formula (1) is introduced into the polymer chain of the polymer for gelatinization.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (11) has a supply pipe (10) for supplying fuel gas to a fuel gas flow channel. A supply pipe (12) supplies desulfurized gas containing carbon and hydrogen as main ingredient, into the channel for displacing fuel gas, during starting and stopping power generation by the cell.    USE - Fuel cell power generation system for domestic use or for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents highly dense carbon monoxide from flowing into the fuel cell at start of the system operation, since desulfurized fuel gas is used. Thus safe starting and stopping of the fuel cell power generation can be realized without any supply of nitrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell power generation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell power generation system.    fuel gas supply pipe (10)    fuel cell (11)    fuel electrode (11a)    desulfurized gas supply pipe (12)
NOVELTY - Penta-coordinated gallium(III) carboxylate complexes of alpha , beta -unsaturated carboxylates, coordinated with 2 moles at least bicyclic hydroxy-substituted condensed N-heterocyclic compound are new.    USE - Completed (I) are used in laser applications; as electron conductor and/or hole blocker in phosphorescent displays; as fluorescent dye, emitter, electron conductor and/or hole blocker in organic light-emitting diodes; as electron conductor in organic solar cells; as fluorescent dye; and as optical brightener for paper, textiles, lacquers and coatings (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - There is a demand for blue or blue-green emitters that are easily applied as coatings. Existing blue emitters are mainly inorganic semiconductors (e.g. gallium nitride) and deposited from the gas phase, hence restricted to very small areas. Organic blue-green emitters (e.g. aluminum trishydroxyquinoline complexes) have very poor solubility in organic solvents, whilst certain readily-soluble gallium(III) complexes lack blue or blue-green fluorescence. Compounds (I) combine both properties, i.e. blue or blue-green fluorescence and good solubility in organic solvents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Penta-coordinated gallium(III) carboxylate complexes of formula (I) are new.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Preparation of (I) by reacting corresponding 8-hydroxyquinoline compounds (II), unsaturated carboxylic acids (III) and Ga(III) salts (IV) in aqueous solution or a solvent mixture containing water;    (2) Light-emitting devices containing (I).    Z1, Z2=groups completing optionally different heterocyclic molecules with not less than 2 optionally substituted condensed rings;    RA, RB, RC=H, (substituted), 1-16 C alkyl, (substituted) aryl, haloalkyl or halogen
NOVELTY - Ceramic green body (A) prepared from at least two green bodies (GB) that are glued together using an adhesive band consisting of an adhesive film deposited on a release liner.    USE - (A) are sintered to produce ceramics, particularly laminates, e.g. useful as housings, highly integrated circuits, condensers, sensors, fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive band ensures a tight connection between layers so that, after sintering, the layers are solidly bound together. The band (transfer tape) is thinner than double-sided tape, so generates fewer organic components during burn out and sintering (so the heating rate is improved and risk of damage reduced), and it makes possible continuous operation (from rolls of material), to form products from which large numbers of small segments can be stamped out, improving efficiency and reducing costs. No drying stage is required since the transfer tape does not contain solvent (which might swell the film) and the tape is deformable enough to match any surface irregularities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of preparing (A).
NOVELTY - A metal structure plate comprises filler impregnated in metal structure and flow channel(s) formed on metal structure.    USE - Used as metal structure plate or metal structure bipolar plate, for cooling unit cell and stack (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention reduces the manufacturing time by making the manufacturing process simple. It has a good cooling and electric performance in the high temperature stack, and reduces manufacturing cost by not using graphite and steel, but using the metal structure plate, which has prescribed pores.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a metal structure plate comprising forming flow channel(s) on a metal structure through pressing or cutting; and obtaining a metal structure plate by impregnating filler into the metal structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a flow chart of a manufacturing process of a metal structure plate.
NOVELTY - A metal-ligand complex for electron-transfer mediators use in dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectrochromic devices.    USE - The invention is used for electron-transfer mediator use in solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cells, battery, and photoelectrochromic devices (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention is simple and efficient electron transfer mediator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metal-ligand complex of formula La-M-Xb for electron-transfer mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectrochromic devices.    L = polypyridine ligand;    M = transition metal;    X = co-ligand;    a = 1-6;and    b = 0-5.    It is provided that the sum of a, and b is equal to the total number of ligands present on the metal M.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising cathode, anode having dye-sensitizer, and electron-transfer mediator;    (b) a battery comprising solar cell, photoanode, dye-sensitizer, and electron-transfer mediator; and    (c) a method for producing metal-ligand complex comprising admixing polypyridine compound and metal salt to produce metal-ligand complex.
NOVELTY - The unit consists of an absorbent bed (6) with an inlet for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel stream and an absorbent selected from metal oxides and zeolites. The downstream of the bed has a nickel adsorbent bed (8) whose downstream contains a guard bed (10). The guard bed contains adsorbent selected from copper-zinc adsorbents, activated alumina, activated carbon, and zeolites.    USE - Used for fuel cell electric power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The unit is capable of desulfurizing fuels having relatively high sulfur contents and concentrations of organic sulfur compounds. The unit does not require a hydrogen recycle and is cost effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) A process for reducing the sulfur content of a hydrocarbon fuel stream comprising:    (a) Heating the fuel stream;    (b) Directing the fuel stream to a first bed comprising absorbent from metal oxides and zeolites;    (c) Directing the heated fuel stream to a nickel absorbent bed downstream of the first bed; and    (d) Directing the heated fuel stream to a guard bed downstream of the second bed. The guard bed comprises absorbent from copper-zinc, activated alumina, activated carbon and zeolites.    (2) A fuel cell electric power generation system comprising:    (a) A fuel processing system for converting hydrocarbon fuel stream to a reformate stream comprising hydrogen. The fuel processing stream comprises the desulfurization unit; and    (b) A fuel stack for receiving the reformate and connectable to an electrical load; and    (3) A method of operating a fuel cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell electric power generation systems and desulfurization unit.    Absorbent bed (6)    Nickel adsorbent bed (8)    Guard bed. (10)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor material has several coordinative irregular structures which are in an intermediate state between the amorphous and single crystalline phases, with the same composition. The coordinative irregular structure has an average thickness ranging 1-5 atomic diameters.    USE - Used as a non-crystalline semiconductor material for use in electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, LEDs, lasers, solar cells and other photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor material has no band gap narrowing element, and has sufficient absorption in the red and near-infrared, and hence used as long wavelength solar energy absorbing material which is inexpensive and readily available.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) semiconductor element production; and    (2) a semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph of the deposition rate and refractive index of different silicon-based materials.
NOVELTY - The crucible (1) has a cylindrical portion (2) and a disk-shaped nozzle (3) fitted to the bottom portion of cylindrical portion. The nozzle has a nozzle hole (3a) for discharging the molten solution of the semiconductor material, from the cylindrical portion.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor grains (claimed) such as silicon grains used in manufacturing photoelectric conversion device (claimed) such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The crystal quality of the grain is improved, without the need of complicated steps, thereby increasing the industrial value of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) semiconductor grains manufacturing method;    (2) semiconductor grains; and    (3) photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the semiconductor grains manufacturing apparatus.    crucible (1)    cylindrical portion (2)    nozzle unit (3)    nozzle hole (3a)
NOVELTY - A pair of fresnel lenses (11,12) and a compound a parabolic concentrator (13) made of glass and ceramic are sequentially formed on a glass lens (14). A tandem gallium indium phosphide/gallium indium arsenide/gallium arsenide (GaInP/GaInAs/GaAs) solar cell (22) provided below the glass lens, generates higher electric conversion efficiency.    USE - For solar thermal electric power generation system (claimed) for residential home.    ADVANTAGE - Since the solar cell generates higher electric conversion efficiency, the performance of the module is improved. The module is manufacture at low cost with enhanced efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) solar thermal electric power generation system; and    (2) solar compound concentrator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the solar electric concentrator system.    optical fresnel lenses (11-12)    parabolic concentrator (13)    glass lens (14)    solar cell (22)
NOVELTY - A concentrator (10) mounted under a Fresnel lens (12) concentrates the intensity of the sunlight to five times more than the normal level. The sunlight is concentrated to twenty times by a compound parabolic concentrator (14). The intensified light is made to incident on a solar cell (22) after passing through an optical concentrating glass lens (20). A set of fins are arranged below a solar cell substrate.    USE - For solar power generation system used in residence.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell can provide 45% conversion efficiency, as the sunlight is concentrated to high level before being incident on the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sunlight concentrator system of the photovoltaic array module.    sunlight concentrator (10)    Fresnel lens (12)    compound parabolic concentrator (14)    glass lens (20)    solar cell (22)
NOVELTY - A mixing device (85) mixes water stream with feed gas to produce gas stream. A pressure swing absorber (PSA) tail-gas combustor (80) heats the gas stream to a predetermined temperature to produce humidified stream which is mixed with hydrocarbon fuel and natural gas stream in reactor inlet zone (68) and the resulting reactant is passed to auto-thermal reformer (ATR) (70). The ATR reforms the reactant into hydrogen rich gas.    USE - For generating hydrogen for use in oil industry and fuel cell application.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the average operating temperature by using ATR, and thus consumes less fuel. Avoids the need of boiler generated stream and is operated without the use of skilled personnel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen generation apparatus.    reactor inlet zone (68)    auto-thermal reformer (70)    PSA tail-gas combustor (80)    mixing device (85)
NOVELTY - A metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) is compensated by using a MOS gas sensor to provide a signal indicative of gas concentration of a target gas in an ambient, providing a signal representative of dew of ambient, and modifying the signal from the MOS gas sensor using representative signal to simultaneously compensate for the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the MOS gas sensor.    USE - For compensating MOS gas sensor useful in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides simplified fashion of compensating gas sensor for the effects of temperature and relative humidity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a MOS gas sensor system comprising MOS gas sensor, and compensation circuitry configured to modify the signal from the MOS gas sensor;    (b) a method of manufacturing a MOS gas sensor system, comprising providing a MOS gas sensor of a given design, the MOS gas sensor providing a signal indicative of a gas concentration of a target gas in an ambient, determining a compensation factor for the MOS gas sensor based upon the given design, and responsive to dew pint, and providing analog circuitry configured to modify the signal from the given MOS gas sensor using the compensation factor; and    (c) a fuel cell power system comprising a housing having fuel gas inlet and outlet, ion exchange membrane fuel cell, and a MOS gas sensor system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective, side elevation view of ion exchange membrane fuel cell module.
NOVELTY - Preparation of a sub-assembly for an electrochemical cell comprises aligning a subassembly having two or more electrochemical cell components with bonding element(s) in between; compressing the sub-assembly; heating the sub-assembly to less than 800degreesC; and allowing the sub-assembly to cool. The bonding elements have a lower melting point temperature than electrochemical cell components.    USE - Used for preparing a sub-assembly for an electrochemical cell, e.g. fuel cell stack (30) having proton exchange membranes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The bonding provides tightly sealed cells and lower electronic contact resistances between components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of a sub-assembly for an electrochemical cell comprises aligning a sub-assembly having two or more electrochemical cell components with bonding element(s) in between, the bonding elements having a lower melting point temperature than electrochemical cell components; compressing the sub-assembly; heating the sub-assembly under compression to less than 800degreesC; and allowing the sub-assembly to cool under compression to form bonds between electrochemical cell components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-section of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.    Fuel cell stack (30)    Flow field (40)    Bipolar plate (42)
NOVELTY - Substrate is immersed into melt solution which heats and melts silicone material. The electrical resistance of melt-solution layer covering the base surface is measured, to detect solidification of melt solution in base surface.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor sheet used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the production of the semiconductor sheet, by detecting the void formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) semiconductor sheet manufacturing apparatus; and    (2) solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A microconvex structure is formed on the heated porous layer by crystallization process, such that crystal plane direction of microconvex structure and semiconductor substrate is similar.    USE - For manufacturing thin-film semiconductor element e.g. solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - An uneven single crystal semiconductor thin film surface is formed by simple technique, thereby improving conversion effectiveness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film semiconductor element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin-film solar battery element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A surface electrode (15) of a solar battery element (11) including semiconductor junction portion (14), is formed using indium alloy.    USE - For manufacturing polycrystalline-silicon solar cell for domestic electrical appliance    ADVANTAGE - Since the surface electrode is formed in the indium alloy, the electroconductive adhesion of the leader line is carried out safely, without using the common solder containing tin-lead alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar battery element (11)    semiconductor junction portion (14)    surface electrode (15)
NOVELTY - A reformation unit (4) generates a reformed gas containing hydrogen and reduces amount of carbon monoxide in reformed gas by shift reaction. The reformed gas is supplied to fuel cell (7) after reducing the amount of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas.    USE - Fuel cell for distributed fuel cell system (claimed) for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the size of fuel processor installed for every consumer, by eliminating the need for installing reformation unit in fuel processor. Reduces the maintenance and administrative expenses of electric power generator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) hydrogen generator; and    (2) distributed fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of distributed fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformation unit (4)    fuel cell (7)
NOVELTY - Several oxygen permeation electroconductive ceramic pipes (2) and the methane modification catalyst pipes (3) are arranged in parallel in a pressure vessel (1). A water vapor injection hole is provided in the methane gas flow path formed between the pipes.    USE - For reforming synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen for synthetic liquid fuel production process e.g. for petrol used for motor vehicle. Also applicable for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The structure of the reactor is suitable to obtain high oxygen transmission rate and high synthesis gas yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front and sectional views of the film-type reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    pressure vessel (1)    oxygen permeation electroconductive ceramic pipes (2)    methane modification catalyst pipes (3)
NOVELTY - The shift catalyst promotes the shift reaction during which hydrogen and carbon dioxide are generated from water and carbon monoxide. The shift catalyst comprises noble metals held on a support containing a mixture of rutile group and anatase-group titania.    USE - For use in fuel reformer for promoting shift reaction, during which hydrogen and carbon dioxide are generated from water and carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has enhanced catalytic activity due to the use of a mixture of rutile-group and anatase-group titania as a support. The use of shift catalyst in fuel cell system eliminates the need for carbon monoxide concentration reducing apparatus. Therefore, the fuel cell system is made compact. The catalyst improves the activity of shift reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of shift catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process drawing for the manufacture of shift catalyst.(Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The reformer comprises a desulfurizer to which hydrogen gas is introduced, connected to a reactor. The desulfurizer desulfurizes sulfur component in sulfur-containing gas by a hydro-desulfurization catalyst (2). The reactor has a modifying catalyst (4), shift catalyst (5) and a methanation catalyst (6).    USE - For fuel cell power generating devices used for domestic electric power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Desulfurization is performed without generating ammonia. Carbon monoxide concentration is decreased, which avoids returning gas to hydro-desulfurization during exit of shift catalyst. The device is lightweight and compact and has long life.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of modifier functioning process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydro-desulfurization catalyst (2)    modification catalyst (4)    shift catalyst (5)    methanation catalyst (6)
NOVELTY - A fuel modifier (51) modifies a hydrocarbon group fuel, and generates hydrogen along with another fuel. A separation unit (56) equipped with a fuel cell (100) separates hydrogen content from the fuel in order to obtain a residual fuel which is supplied to a gas-engine.    USE - Hybrid system equipped with gas engine for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen after extraction is used as fuel for the gas-engine, the thermal efficiency of the hybrid system is improved, without generating toxic substances.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline structure of the hybrid system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel modifier (51)    separation unit (56)    fuel cell (100)
NOVELTY - The tip (52) of a cone-shaped contact surface, is placed on a partition plate. The reaction heat from the combustion catalyst portion (3) is transmitted to the water vapor modification catalyst portion (4) through the contact surface.    USE - For manufacturing hydrocarbon, air, gas containing hydrogen from water. Also used for fuel cell system (claimed) and small-sized co-generation system for buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to easily transmit reaction heat to the water vapor modification catalyst portion, reduces size of fuel modifier and increases production of reformed gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel modifier.    Combustion catalyst portion (3)    Water vapor modification catalyst portion (4)    Tip (52)
NOVELTY - A fluorine dope tin-oxide film is exposed to atmosphere containing non-oxidizing gas, 0.1 vol% or more water vapor and 100 volume ppm-21 vol% of oxygen, to obtain a low resistance fluorine dope tin oxide film. The film has conduction material electron density of 5x10 to the power 19 - 4x10 to the power 20 cm-3 at substrate temperature of 200-500degreesC and contains 0.01-4 mol% of fluorine with respect to tin oxide.    USE - For manufacturing low resistance fluorine dope tin oxide film for solar cell substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The low resistance fluorine dope tin-oxide film is produced easily using simple installation of airtightness. Even when high oxygen concentration atmosphere is used, the resistance of the film is maintained low.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship between the water vapor amount in the atmosphere when changing the oxygen concentration in atmosphere and behavior of specific resistance. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generator has (1) modifier (1) for modifying hydrogen-rich gas with water vapor; (2) pressure-swing adsorption apparatus (5) for separating and refining hydrogen gas; and (3) water supply preheater (64) for heating water with the combustion exhaust gas of modifier emitted from modifier exhaust-heat time condemnation heat exchanger (40) before sending the water to steam separator (2).    USE - For industrial apparatus using controlled atmosphere of hydrogen and for fuel-cell power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - The energy efficiency of the hydrogen generator is improved, by preheating make-up water with combustion exhaust gases. The generation of thermal stress due to the temperature difference between junction of make-up water and circulating water is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen generator has    (1) a modifier for modifying hydrogen-rich gas (original heating gas) containing hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas and methanol as main component, with water vapor;    (2) pressure-swing adsorption apparatus for separating and refining hydrogen gas;    (3) modifier exhaust-heat time condemnation heat exchanger (40) and auxiliary electricity heater (50) equipped with a steam separator (2) and a heat of hydration device for steam production in steam separator with combustion exhaust gas of modifier (1), provided in order.    The combustion exhaust gas emitted from heat-exchanger (40) is provided to water supply preheater (64) for heating make-up water, before sending the water to steam separator (5).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of systematic drawing of the hydrogen generator.    modifier (1)    steam separator (2)    pressure-swing adsorption apparatus (5)    modifier exhaust-heat time condemnation heat exchanger (40)    auxiliary electricity heater (50)    water supply preheater (64)
NOVELTY - An ionic conductive polymer film comprises repeating units of a polyamide containing proton-acid group of preset formula.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conductive polymer film has excellent durability, flexibility roughness and heat resistance. The polymer film is easily handled and is pliant. The fuel cell obtained using the polymer film withstands high electric current operation in reduced resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ionic conductive polymer film comprises repeating units of a polyamide containing proton-acid group of formula (I).    A and B = compounds containing aromatic ring and aliphatic ring in which at least one is cyclohexane or norbornane ring and H other than NH group is optionally substituted with an alkyl group, halogenated hydrocarbon group or halogen;    X and Y = proton-acid group chosen from sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphoric acid group and sulfonimide group;    a and b = 0 or more; and    a+b = 1 or more.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell comprising ionic conductive macromolecule film.
NOVELTY - A surface protection rectangle plate (202) has a flat portion (203a) connected to a connection portion (203c) of a reverse side protective tray (203). An adhesive resin sealing agent (204) is filled between the flat portion and the reverse side protective tray, so as to seal a solar cell (201) within a recess (203b) of the tray.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses water/moisture content encroachment towards the solar cell and improves the reliability of solar cell module with a long term stability characteristics over long period of time, without generating products such as corrosive acetic acid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A surface protection rectangle plate (202) has a flat portion (203a) connected to a connection portion (203c) of a reverse side protective tray (203). An adhesive resin sealing agent (204) is filled between the flat portion and the reverse side protective tray, so as to seal a solar cell (201) within a recess (203b) of the tray. The surface protection member is a transparent plat plate of glass, acrylic resin or polycarbonate resin.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (201)    Surface protection rectangle plate (202)    Reverse side protective tray (203)    Flat portion (203a)    Recess (203b)    Connection portion (203c)    Adhesive resin sealing agent (204)
NOVELTY - A C60-conjugated high-molecular binary compound used in preparing optical volta cell is disclosed.    ADVANTAGE - No need of mixed solvent to dissolve it, high homogeneity and optical performance of its membrane, continuous reticular structure, and raising the energy conversion efficiency of device.
NOVELTY - The plate has a distribution structure on one side and a planar surface on the other.    USE - Bipolar graphite plate for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The plate is simple and readily manufactured in an appropriate thickness e.g. 0.8 mm. Only one side is formed. Cooling is provided in the two plate assembly making it suitable for a fuel cell supplied with hydrogen. Use of a mesh for separation avoids further formation of the plate on its planar side. This in turn, means that the plate can be kept thin. The mesh distributes coolant evenly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An exploded perspective view illustrates a fuel cell construction.    End plates (1, 2)    Graphite plate (4)    Seal (5)    Wire fabric (6)
NOVELTY - Solar cell comprises a photovoltaic layer (A) made from organic, especially polymeric material which absorbs light and in which electron hole pairs can be produced; two opposite layer surfaces, one of which is connected to at least one layer (p) receiving the holes made in the photovoltaic layer and the other is connected to at least one layer (n); and electrode areas.    USE - Used as a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is easy to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar cell comprises a photovoltaic layer (A) made from organic, especially polymeric material which absorbs light and in which electron hole pairs can be produced; two opposite layer surfaces, one of which is connected to at least one layer (p) receiving the holes made in the photovoltaic layer and the other is connected to at least one layer (n); and electrode areas (En, Ep), in which the electrode area (En) electrically contacts the layer (p) and the electrode area (Ep) electrically contacts the layer (n) receiving the electrons. The layer (n) is connected to a flat substrate (S) via its electrode areas (En). The substrate has lateral opening structures (O). The layer (p), the photovoltaic layer, the layer (n) and the electrode area (En) are applied to the front side of the substrate. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the solar cell. Preferred Features: The electrode regions are formed as metal layers. The substrate is made from a porous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar cell.    photovoltaic layer (A)    electrode areas (En, Ep)    electron-receiving layer (n)    hole-receiving layer (p)    opening structures (O)    substrate (S)
NOVELTY - Novel rhodium and iridium complexes (A1) are claimed.    USE - The complexes (I) are useful for the production of light emitting diodes, organic integrated circuits, organic field-effect transistors, organic thin film transistors, organic solar cells, organic laser diodes, organic color filters for liquid crystal displays or organic photoreceptors.    ADVANTAGE - The complexes (I) may be prepared in high yield and purity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Novel rhodium and iridium complexes (A1) of formulae (I), (II), (Ia) and (IIa) are claimed:    M = Rh, Ir;    Y1 = O, S, Se;    R = H, F, Cl, Br, NO2, CN, 1-20C alkyl or alkoxy whereby non-neighboring CH2 groups are optionally replaced by -O-, -S-, -NR1- or -CONR2- and at least one H atom is optionally replaced by F, 4-14C (hetero)aryl optionally substituted by R to optionally form a further mono- or polycyclic ring system;    R1, R2 = H or 1-20C aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon;    a = 0-4 (0-2);    b = 0-3 (0 or 1);    n = 1-3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and (II) by reaction of compounds of formula (III) and (IV) with formylating agents;    (2) conjugated or partially conjugated polymers (B1) containing a compound of formula (I), (II), (Ia) and/or (IIb); and    (3) an electrical component containing at least one polymer (B1):    X = a bond to the conjugated or partially conjugated polymer
NOVELTY - Portable catalytic heater comprises a fuel source, a fuel delivery connected to the fuel source, a catalyst (6) dispersed over a porous substrate and in diffusive contact with an oxidizing gas, and a selectively permeable membrane (8) for selectively delivering fuel to the catalyst.    USE - The portable catalytic heater is used on apparel, blankets, machinery, dwellings, shipping containers, storage containers, insect attractants, humidifiers, and perfume generators (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The selectively permeable membrane employed by the inventive device is not prone to failure. The invention does not depend of the use of pumps which add complexity and cost of the heater, to create a fuel oxidizer mixture. Pressurization of the fuel behind the selectively permeable membrane and its flexibility enable unique passive controls of the diffusion of fuel and air. The flexibility of the polymers and rubber materials used in the inventive heater permits flexibility in packaging into various applications.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of the fuel tank with membrane and felt supported catalyst.    Catalyst (6)    Coating (7)    Membrane (8)
NOVELTY - A substrate coated with a transparent conductive film is manufactured by: (a) disposing a substrate and a target (5) including metal or alloy in a film deposition chamber (1); (b) leading an ion beam of rare gas to cause collision of the ion beam with the target, sputtering emission of the target atoms and supply of the emitted atoms to the substrate; and (c) leading oxide gas including oxygen radicals.    USE - Manufacture of a substrate coated with a transparent conductive film (claimed) used in a display apparatus such as liquid crystal display or electroluminescent apparatus, a photovoltaic apparatus such as a solar battery or an optical sensor, a semiconductor apparatus such as thin film transistor, an optical communication apparatus such as a light modulator or optical switch.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a film with low resistivity, high transmission and preferable flatness that is deposited on a film or substrate including organic material without damaging the organic material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a section showing a transparent conductive film depositing apparatus of the invention.    Film deposition chamber (1)    Target (5)
NOVELTY - A contaminant absorber having thickness at least 1 cm has several parallel passages (16) having cross-sectional width not more than 5 mm coated with adsorbent particulate (22) and polymeric binder (30) to a thickness not more than 0.5 mm. The absorber has no catalytic activity.    USE - For air cleaning in industrial or commercial buildings, semiconductor processes, air induction systems for vehicle engines or fuel cell oxidant streams (all claimed). For removing air borne contaminants such as ammonia, organic amines, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, acidic contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic contaminants (VOC) such as reactive monomer, and reactive solvent, silica containing material like silanes, siloxanes, silanols, silazanes from air stream in lithographic processing equipment in semiconductor industry, for removing toxic chemicals in air in chemical industry used for photographic and thermal ablative image process, fuel cell operation, diesel and gasoline exhaust of vehicle, heating and air conditioning system in commercial office, residence, airplane cabin, building (all disclosed).    ADVANTAGE - Proper and efficient contaminant removal is carried out, preventing environmental pollution. The adsorptive effect of the adsorptive particulate is not reduced, as polymeric binder is used as an adhesive. The fluid flow is not affected, even though a thick coating is applied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a system for removing a contaminant from a gas stream;    (2) a method of removing a contaminant from a gas phase;    (3) a method of manufacturing an adsorptive coated article;    (4) an apparatus for removing contaminant from atmosphere; and    (5) an air induction system in a vehicle engine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged top view of the adsorber.    passages (16)    adsorbent particulate (22)    polymeric binder (30)
NOVELTY - Production of an oxochlorin comprises: (1) oxidizing a chlorin to produce a mixture of hydroxychlorin and oxochlorin; and (2) oxidizing the hydroxychlorin in the mixture with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in toluene to produce a mixture consisting primarily of oxochlorin.    USE - The method is used for producing oxochlorin (claimed). The oxochlorin is used as building blocks for producing polymers with other chlorins, oxochlorins or porphyrinic macrocycles. The oxochlorin monomer and oxochlorin-containing polymers are used in preparing light harvesting arrays and solar cells for electrical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method effectively produces high yield of oxochlorin for various molecular devices. The resulting oxochlorin can be converted to various metalation states (zinc, magnesium, copper, free base).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the absorption spectra of chlorin Zn-1a and oxochlorin Oxo-Zc-1a in toluene at room temperature.
NOVELTY - A solar collector (100) has two-dimensional array of substrates, each substrate having monolithic photovoltaic cell (PVC) formed on its surface for converting light incident into electrical energy, and an enclosure (108) enclosing the array and including top wall (116) having anti-reflective coating (ARC) (118).    USE - Used as solar collector (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improved efficiency of at most3 times that of a similarly sized conventional solar collectors, reduced size or footprint as compared to conventional collectors with similar power output so simplifying an installation process and enabling use in locations having limited area, extended operating life, ability to use fluid from heat exchanger, reduced manufacturing cost and reduced manufacturing time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar collector comprises two-dimensional array of substrates, each substrate having monolithic PVC formed on its surface for converting light incident into electrical energy, and enclosure enclosing the array and including top wall having ARC through which light is passed to the PVCs, and bottom wall and sidewalls having reflective surfaces to reflect a portion of light incident onto the PVCs. The substrate includes at least2 different wavelengths of light and having different band gap energies.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a side view of the solar collector showing position of the substrate of the elevated tiers relative to base layer and reflection of light among the substrates.    Solar collector (100)    Upward facing substrates (102A)    Downward facing substrates (102B)    Enclosure (108)    Base layer (112)    Top elevated tier (114A)    Bottom elevated tier (114B)    Top wall (116)    ARC (118)
NOVELTY - The system has air and hydrogen feed pipes (20,21) whose downstream ends are connected to a fuel cell (10). An impurity removal unit (80) removes the impurity contained in the air-feed pipe and an electrode catalyst receives the removed impurity.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of electric-power generation property of fuel cell, is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (10)    air feed pipe (20)    hydrogen feed pipe (21)    impurity removal unit (80)
NOVELTY - A scavenging-air route (8) which connects a combustion chamber (7) and a crank case (9), has a modifier (8) to modify gaseous fuel (2a) supplied to the engine from a fuel supply apparatus (10) in the crank case. The modifier has a heating portion with a fuel modification catalyst.    USE - Two-stroke engine e.g. two-stroke gasoline engine and two-stroke diesel engine.    ADVANTAGE - The provision of modifier in scavenging-air route prevents reduction in charging efficiency of fuel and improves combustion efficiency. The modifier has simple structure by which it is inexpensively produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst is supported by carriers made of oxide, complex oxide, activated charcoal or diatomaceous earth.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of two-stroke engine.    two-stroke engine (1)    gaseous fuel (2a)    modifier (3)    combustion chamber (7)    scavenging-air route (8)    crank case (9)    fuel supply apparatus (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel container (7) has a fuel storage unit to store fuel supplied to a fuel cell (1). The integrated circuit chips (3, 12) store the data to identify the fuel container.    USE - Used as an electric power unit for a e.g. a portable personal computer or a portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Recycling of the fuel container is safely performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a fuel container; and    (2) a refueling device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of fuel cell apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell ( 1)    Integrated circuit chips (3,12)    Fuel container (7)
NOVELTY - Incorporation of a specific polymer chain (1) into a polymer chain-containing polymer compound is new.    USE - Polymer chain-containing polymer is useful for producing secondary cells, fuel cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer has improved ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Incorporation of a specific polymer chain (1) into a polymer chain-containing polymer compound is new.    R1 = amide group, imide group, sulfone group, urethane group, ester group, thioester group, phenylene ester group, carboxyl group or C1-C3 alkane or alkene group which may be replaced by phosphoric acid group;    R2 and R3 = O, S or NH, provided that R2 and R3 may be identical or different;    R4 = C1-C3 alkane group or alkene group, silane group or phosphasen (sic.) group which may be replaced by C1-C3 alkyl group;    X = O, S or NH, provided that Xs may be identical or different; and    m and n = integer of 1 or more.
NOVELTY - Enone compounds (1) are new.    USE - Used as an optical absorbent for photochemical polymerization, solar batteries, optical filters and dyes, or as a luminous agent for laser dye and analyses.    ADVANTAGE - Having absorption maximum in a visible region and high molecular extinction coefficient, while having luminescence maximum in a visible region and emitting visible rays in the excitation state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Enone compounds of formula (1) are new.    Z1, Z2 = aromatic ring or hetero ring (both optionally substituted);    R1 - R4 = H or substituent; and    m, n = natural number.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for preparation of (1) by either:    (a) reaction of a compound of formula (2) with a compound of formula (3); or    (b) reaction of a compound of formula (4) with a compound of formula (5).
NOVELTY - A processing chamber (1) with a substrate (9) held by a holder (5) is connected with an evacuating system (2) for evacuating vacuum inside the chamber. A gas supply system (3) supplies preset gas to the chamber and the inner surface of a structure surrounding the space between the substrate holder and a heater (4) is heated during thin film formation on the substrate.    USE - Semiconductor device such as large scale integrated circuit (LSI), liquid crystal displays (LCD) and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Provides characteristics of good device with high quality polycrystalline silicon film. Prevents thermal damage on the substrate by limiting the temperature range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for heating element chemical vapor deposition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the heating element chemical vapor deposition system.    Processing chamber (1)    Evacuating system (2)    Gas supply system (3)    Heater (4)    Holder (5)    Substrate (9)
NOVELTY - Reactor has chambers (2) for endothermic reactions arranged between chambers (5) for exothermic reactions. The media is fed to the chambers (5) via a further media chamber (3).    USE - Used for a gas production system for producing a hydrogen-containing gas for fuel cell in a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Heat is optimally utilized and the reactor is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A dosing device (6) for the media is provided in a region between the chambers (3) and the chambers (5).    The chambers (3) contain a fleece (4) or wire fabric coated with a catalytically active material.    The media is an oxygen-containing medium, preferably air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the reactor.    Media chambers (2, 3, 5)    Fleece (4)
NOVELTY - A solar battery having various colors is provided to enhance a shock-resistant characteristic of the solar battery by using ethylene-vinyl-acetate including a coloring agent component as an adhesive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery is formed with a lamination film, a solar cell, and one or more adhesives. The lamination film is used for protecting the solar cell. The lamination film is firmly adhered on the solar cell by performing a lamination process. The adhesives are used for adhering the lamination film and the solar cell to each other. The adhesive includes ethylene-vinyl-acetate mixed with a coloring agent. The ethylene-vinyl-acetate is used for protecting of the solar battery. The adhesive includes a viscosity control agent or a gluing agent. The content of vinyl-acetate of the ethylene-vinyl-acetate is 4 to 20 weight percents.
NOVELTY - Molten silicon (H) filled in a casting template (2) is heated for crystallization. An air current generator (7) conveys the air to the template to release the gas generated during processing, from the template.    USE - For manufacturing silicon crystals for polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Releases reliably the impure gas from the template, thereby improving the quality of the product. Manufacturing cost of the silicon crystal is reduced. Backflow of impure gas during processing is prevented. Simplifies the structure of the apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the silicon crystal manufacturing apparatus.    casting template (2)    heaters (3a,3b)    heat insulation materials (5,8)    air current generator (7)    gas discharge tube (16)    molten silicon (H)
NOVELTY - A gas supply lance (6) comprising an inner pipe (12) inserted into an outer pipe (11), is provided above the upper surface of silicon melt solution (13) filled in casting mold (2). Inert gas is independently supplied through the inner pipe and ring-shaped space (S) formed between inner and outer pipes, so as to form a cavity (C) at the upper surface of silicon melt solution and to cover the upper surface of silicon melt solution with inert gas, respectively.    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents encroachment of impure gas into silicon melt solution, enables uniform stirring of silicon melt solution and form high-quality. Polycrystalline silicon by supplying inert gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partially expanded view of the polycrystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus.    casting mold (2)    gas supply lance (6)    outer pipe (11)    inner pipe (12)    silicon melt solution (13)    cavity (C)    ring-shaped space (S)
NOVELTY - A modifier side piping (8b) which connects a reformer (6) and a water pump (5), has a press style (10) which is a flow amount adjustment valve of water supplied from a water tank (4) to the reformer.    USE - For house.    ADVANTAGE - Flow rate of water to reformer from water tank, is stabilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural block diagram of the fuel cell generator.    water tank (4)    water pump (5)    reformer (6)    reformer side piping (8b)    press style (10)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitive type solar cell has electrolytic solution (30) packed between semiconductor electrode (10) consisting of a mixture layer of transition metal oxide and titanosilicate, and counter electrode (20).    USE - Dye-sensitive type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The dye-sensitive type solar cell has stable light transfer characteristics. A photoelectric current is increased in the dye-sensitive type solar cell without reduction in optical voltage. Consequently, the light conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitive type solar cell, from sunlight to electric energy, is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the dye-sensitive type solar cell.    Semiconductor electrode (10)    Counter electrode (20)    Electrolytic solution (30)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer comprises electrode (3), barrier layer (8), electron carrying layer (4) having porosity in at least one portion, pigment layer (D), hole carrying layer (5) and electrode (6) in order. The barrier layer prevents or suppresses the short circuit between the electrode (3) and hole carrying layer containing aromatic amine derivative.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. The transducer is produced easily by cost effective method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of solar cell using optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrodes (3,6)    Electron carrying layer (4)    Hole carrying layer (5)    Barrier layer (8)    Pigment layer (D)
NOVELTY - The apparatus solidifies a melt solution of a metal or a semiconductor material, to form a thin plate on a graphite substrate (9) attached to a rotary object (2) which is immersed in the melt solution. The temperature of the substrate is controlled using liquid such as water and gas selected from at least one of nitrogen, argon and helium, or air as a cooling medium.    USE - Used for manufacturing thin plates used for solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of the graphite substrate is controlled accurately, hence thin plates are manufactured reliably at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin plate manufacturing apparatus.    Rotary object (2)    Graphite substrate (9)
NOVELTY - A slot formed by clubbing parallel mold plates (601, 602) together is filled with raw material such as powdered silicone (603) through a feeder (604). The raw material is solidified by maintaining the structure at a temperature higher than the melting point of the silicone. The structure is then gradually cooled to isolate the plates and the mold.    USE - Used for manufacturing a substrate for an optoelectric transducer of a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process facilitates easy and smooth removal of the cast mold by eliminating a complex slicing process, improving yield and productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a semiconductor substrate;    (2) a solar cell; and    (3) a casting mold for semiconductor substrate manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view explaining substrate manufacture.    Parallel mold plates (601, 602)    Powdered silicone (603)    Feeder (604)
NOVELTY - Silicon raw material is melted in bottom less crucible (3) with induction coil (2) and molten silicon is solidified with plasma arc torch, simultaneously. Raw material is supplied continuously to silicon melted liquid (19) to produce silicon cast mass (12) continuously. Interface between molten and solidified silicon is made flat to reduce temperature gradient of just-solidified silicon cast mass.    USE - For continuously casting silicon used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces temperature gradient of just-solidified silicon cast mass radially to improve quality of solar batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining the continuous silicon casting process.    Induction coil (2)    Crucible (3)    Silicon cast mass (12)    Silicon melted liquid (19)
NOVELTY - The sheet is mounted, flat, in a frame. On one surface, it has a peripheral region coated by non-polymerized sealant. The sealant is formed and polymerized in a vulcanization mold.    USE - Edge sealing and edge-molding sheets separating reagents in fuel cell assemblies.    ADVANTAGE - Dependable sealing is achieved in a process which is particularly suitable for mass manufacture. Use of a frame, permits very thin separators, e.g. films, to be handled easily because the film becomes an integral part of the fuel cell component. Various different functional types of film or sheet can be sealed and assembled in this way. Very compact construction of the fuel cell is achieved. Use of the same sealant on both sides prevents differential thermal expansion and warping. Differing sealants may be used intentionally, e.g. where one is required to seal a porous surface, and the other is required for adhesion. Because set-up and coating takes about the same interval as molding and extraction, these processes can conveniently be run in parallel without storing the prepared and loaded frame.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sheet is clamped at its side edges in the frame and the liquid sealant is coated onto its peripheral surfaces. The assembly is inserted into the vulcanization mold cavity for pressure and temperature treatment. This forms the sealing profile on both surfaces. The finished frame, sheet and sealing profile are extracted together from the mold. During production, having turned the frame on the machine table, the coating unit is centered, for precisely opposite coating of sealant onto the surfaces, as an essentially closed bead. Setting up and coating take about the same time as molding and extraction, the cycle for each lasting less than one minute. The same sealant is used on each side. Following turning, the frame is centered in the cavity.
NOVELTY - A modulized single cell of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has: (a) anode and cathode bipolar plates; and (b) membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with anode gas diffusion layer (anode GDL), proton exchange membrane (PEM) and cathode gas diffusion layer (cathode GDL). The MEA also includes anode and cathode catalytic layers. A silicon rubber (room temperature vulcanizing (RTV)) is applied between the plates.    USE - Used as modulized single cell of PEMFC (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides a highly efficient, mass produced, high quality and cost saving modulized single cell. It provides a single cell for fuel cell enabling simpler manufacturing process of PEMFC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modulized single cell (10) of PEMFC has:    (a) anode (11) and cathode (12) bipolar plates each having central (11a, 12a) and circumferential (11b, 12b) portions; and    (b) MEA (13) with anode GDL (14), PEM (15) and cathode GDL (16) sequentially sandwiched at the central portion between the anode and cathode plates.    The MEA also includes anode catalytic layer (17) provided between the anode GDL and PEM, and cathode catalytic layer (18) provided between the PEM and the cathode GDL. RTV (19) is applied between the circumferential portion of the anode plate and the circumferential portion of the cathode plate in a desired configuration to seal and position the anode plate to the cathode plate under a predetermined compression pressure after the RTV is cured forming the integral modulized single cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the modulized single cell of the fuel cell.    Modulized single cell (10)    Anode bipolar plate (11)    Cathode bipolar plate (12)    Central portion (11a, 12a)    Circumferential portion (11b, 12b)    MEA (13)    Anode GDL (14)    PEM (15)    Cathode GDL (16)    Anode catalytic layer (17)    Cathode catalytic layer (18)    RTV (19)
NOVELTY - Pt/multiple wall carbon nanotube catalyst preparation includes the pre-treatment of carbon carrier activation and liquid soaking. The electric Pt/MWCNTs catalyst is prepared in controlled adsorption condition of carbon nanotube suspension liquid, product washing condition and post-synthesis heat treatment condition.    USE - For fuel cell, especially proton exchange film fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an electric catalyst prepared via the above process, in which the homogeneously distributed particle distribution, in 6.7-7.5 nm, Pt content of 10-20 wt% and homogeneous Pt dispersion on the surface of carrier MWCNTs.
NOVELTY - Electric Pt/C catalyst containing two or more cocatalyst elements is prepared with active carbon obtained via cracking phenolic resin as material and through carrier surface treatment, liquid phase co-deposition, heat treatment and other steps. The electric catalyst has a Pt content of 10-30 wt% and cocatalyst element content of 0.1-5 wt% with the cocatalyst elements being two or more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Ti. The Pt grains are distributed homogeneously and have average size of 3.5-4.5 nm.    USE - For use in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Electrochemical test shows the electric catalyst has high catalytic activity, and compared with E-TEK electric catalyst, it has one 40 mV raised oxygen electrode potential in work current density of 200 mA/sq cm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a catalyst prepared as above.
NOVELTY - A proton exchange film fuel cell is connected to a test system, and while the temperature of the cell is controlled, cathode reactant is pumped into the cathode chamber after the cathode chamber is pre-treated with nitrogen, and the circuit is turned on after hydrogen is led to the anode, so that the residual oxygen in the cathode chamber is reacted fully. During the reaction, the hydrogen flow rate to the anode chamber and the flow rate of ethanol solution of nitrobenzene pumped into the cathode chamber are controlled, the reaction current is controlled via the variable resistor, and thus aniline product is produced in case of no load. The proton exchange film fuel cell has porous three-in-one film electrodes. The cell makes it possible to produce electric energy while synthesizing product and has important significance in producing small amount of high-quality chemical product.
NOVELTY - An air supply line (18) is connected to the burner (16), which also receives spent fuel gas from the anode. A second air line (19) supplies the cathode inlet (KI), bypassing the burner.    USE - Fuel cell system in which spent anode gas is burned off at high temperature.    ADVANTAGE - Combustible residues are burned at higher temperature, through controlled, near-stoichiometric combustion. Less noble metal catalyst is required in the burner for complete combustion, or catalysts can be dispensed with altogether.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of operation in which the spent gas is burned at preferably 850 degrees C to 1250 degrees C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A schematic flow diagram is presented. (Drawing includes non-English language text)    Burner (16)    Air supply line (18)    Second air line (19)
NOVELTY - Spherical allotrope is derivatized by groups attached to the side wall by covalent bonds via a bridging atom selected from nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, pseudohalogen and/or hydrogen.    USE - The derivatized spherical allotropes and/or composites are used in electronics, microelectronics and/or nanoelectronics and in solar cells, photo-detectors, electrical circuits, electrodes for displays and/or light-emitting elements (all claimed). They can be used in the production of fusible, soluble or solid functional polymers to optimize the optical, electrical and mechanical properties etc.    ADVANTAGE - The range of derivatized nanotubes is extended and their solubility and processing properties can be improved. The products are suitable for printing or coating from solution, e.g. spin coating or spreading, in the production of electronic devices, e.g. solar cells, single electron transistors or field effect transistors. The surface properties can be changed by selecting suitable side chains so that they interact with suitable substrates, e.g. sulfur-functionalized nanotubes interact with gold electrodes. Interactions with other metal electrodes, oxides and semiconductors are also possible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Process for derivatization of a spherical allotrope by pre-purification and precipitation from a dispersion before reaction with a reactive organic compound;    (2) Composites comprising the derivatized spherical allotropes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the reaction described in the example.
NOVELTY - A microelectronic device is made by forming over a substrate a patterned bond pad layer and a barrier layer over the patterned bond pad layer. The barrier layer comprises a first titanium-tungsten alloy layer, a titanium-tungsten alloy nitride layer and a second titanium-tungsten alloy layer.    USE - Used for fabricating a microelectronic fabrication e.g. integrated circuit device, ceramic substrate device, solar cell optoelectronic device, sensor image array optoelectronic device and display image array optoelectronic device fabrication (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The barrier layer provides enhanced barrier properties within the microelectronic device fabrication.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a microelectronic device fabrication.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section illustrating the results of forming microelectronic device.    Substrate (10)    Patterned bond pad layer (12)    Patterned passivation layer (14a, 14b)    Patterned barrier layer (16a)    Terminal electrode layer (20)
NOVELTY - A fuel delivery system comprises container defining a volume for holding a cell liquid fuel, a reservoir structure positioned within the container, and an outlet passageway through the container that communicates with the reservoir structure. The reservoir structure is into which a portion of the liquid fuel wicks and from which the liquid fuel subsequently may be metered.    USE - For liquid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The system includes a reservoir structure that not only wicks and retains liquid but permits liquids to be controllable metered out from such structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a right side elevational view partially broken away of a liquid fuel delivery system.    Envelope (40)    Air inlet (44)    Reservoir structure (54)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generator has a recovering unit (7) equipped with a steam turbine (18) connected to a generator (19), for recovering heat energy generated during the reaction of hydride (2) with water or alcohol in a reaction tank (6).    USE - For fuel cell used as portable electric power unit of electronic office equipment such as notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures effective utilization of heat energy, hence the efficiency of hydrogen generator is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydride (2)    reaction tank (6)    recovering unit (7)    steam turbine (18)    generator (19)
NOVELTY - A partition wall (4a) is provided in a tank (4), to form a hydride powder storing chamber (2) and water/alcohol storing chamber (3), to supply hydride powder and liquid to a mixing tank (5) in an order. The mixture is supplied to a reaction tank (7) from the mixing tank (5). Hydrogen produced in the reaction tank, is collected in a collection tank (8).    USE - For generating hydrogen used in fuel cell which is used for power supply to electronic office equipments e.g. notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE - Since the mixture comprising preset amount of hydride powder and water/alcohol is supplied sequentially to the reaction tank, desired amount of hydrogen is generated, without the need to operate the reaction tank for a long period of time. Reduces the size of the collection tank, as required amount of hydrogen is generated, as per requirement.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial schematic side view of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydride powder storing chamber (2)    Water/alcohol storing chamber (3)    Tank (4)    Partition wall (4a)    Mixing tank (5)    Reaction tank (7)    Collection tank (8)
NOVELTY - A support plate supports a substrate whose surface is pressed with a peeling roller (11) having curved surface. A motor (31) drives the peeling roller that is supported on a guide idler (35).    USE - For peeling thin film during manufacturing thin-film single crystal silicon solar battery element and thin-film transistor.    ADVANTAGE - The operability of peeling process is improved. Hence stable quality and safety are ensured during peeling of thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of the peeling roller of the thin-film peeling apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Peeling roller (11)    Motor (31)    Guide idler (35)
NOVELTY - A laminate-type transparent electrically conductive film (1) comprises a catalyst layer (11), transparent conductive layers (12A, 12B) and surface treatment layers (13A, 13B) on a substrate (10). The conductive layer and surface treatment layer are alternately laminated such that the maximum difference of elevation of the uneven surface of each layer is 100 nm.    USE - Used for forming an opto-electric transducer (claimed), used as a transparent electrode of a solar cell, such as tandem-type solar cell, super straight-way-type solar cell or organic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The laminated-type transparent electrically conductive film has high electrical property and good closing light effect. The film formed by electroless plating is inexpensive. The film has the desired surface roughness and improved surface wettability by removing fat and oil adhering to the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an opto-electric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a laminate-type transparent electrically conductive film.    Substrate (10)    Catalyst layer (11)    Transparent conductive layers (12A, 12B)    Surface-treatment layers (13A, 13B)
NOVELTY - A sheet-like amorphous-silicon solar cell module (1) is directly mounted on a lid (3) using an adhesive agent (2) and metal fittings (4).    USE - Solar cell lid mounting structure for sewage treatment apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains antialgae formation lid reliably. Simplifies mounting structure of solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective views and sectional views of the solar cell lid structure.    solar cell module (1)    adhesive agent (2)    lid (3)    metal fitting (4)
NOVELTY - The average size of the silicon crystal particles present in the surface (1) contacting the base, is larger than the average size of the particles present in the surface (2) contacting the silicon melt solution. The average size of the particles present in the surfaces (1,2) ranges between 0-10 mm.    USE - Silicon sheet for solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides silicon sheet having favorable semiconductor property in polycrystalline state at low cost, thereby producing highly efficient solar cell at low cost. High efficient solar cell is produced cheaply using the cheap silicon sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of the silicon sheet.    surfaces of silicon sheet (1,2)
NOVELTY - A lift-off polymer pattern is formed on a substrate and a coating solution of aqueous alkali containing stannic acid as main component is provided on the formed pattern. A transparent-conduction tin-oxide film is patterned on the polymer pattern.    USE - For producing electrodes of electromagnetic-wave shielding, infrared reflection, solar cell, liquid crystal display element (LCD), plasma light-emission display device (PDP) and electroluminescent element, showcase, aircraft fog prevention electric-heat plate glass, preferably transparent electrodes, antistatic of fluorescent material, surface electrode of image pick-up tube and fluorescent display tube.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent-conduction tin oxide film is formed inexpensively without using vacuum devices. The patterning method provides a high definition transparent electrode pattern on a flat display and potentiates the expansion of a layer of the flat display.
NOVELTY - Reactor has a inflow region (2), a catalyst region (5), and an outflow region (3). A porous material (4) is arranged between the inflow region and the catalyst region and between the outflow region and the catalyst region.    USE - Used for a fuel cell arrangement in a gas producing system in vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The inflow and outflow regions are formed as a hollow chamber in a porous material formed as a hollow porous plate. The porous material in the outflow region has a catalytic coating. The porous material is made from a ceramic or metallic material and has a honeycomb structure. The catalyst region contains short metal fibers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the reactor.    Inflow region (2)    Outflow region (3)    Porous material (4)    Catalyst region (5)
NOVELTY - In a fuel cell feed system element, the part in contact with the fed medium consists of a polyester molding composition.    USE - The fuel cell system is used, e.g., for driving a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel pipes for fuel cells are normally made from stainless steel, which makes them expensive. The present systems can be produced cost-effectively and are lighter in weight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system containing this element.
NOVELTY - Production of energy in a fuel cell system comprises introducing a hydrocarbon into the cracking reactor, endothermically cracking with exclusion of oxygen, removing the gas mixture, interrupting the feed and introducing water vapor, endothermically gasifying the obtained carbon with water vapor, introducing gas mixture into fuel cell and oxidizing the hydrogen in the fuel cell to recover heat and electrical energy.    USE - Used for producing energy.    ADVANTAGE - The energy utilization factor is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of energy in a fuel cell system consisting of a cracking reactor and a fuel cell comprises:    (a) introducing a hydrocarbon into the cracking reactor having a chamber with exclusion of oxygen;    (b) endothermically cracking the hydrocarbon in the reactor with exclusion of oxygen into carbon and a hydrogen-containing gas mixture and removing the gas mixture;    (c) interrupting the feed of the hydrocarbon into the reactor;    (d) introducing water vapor into the reactor;    (e) endothermically gasifying the carbon obtained in the cracking stage with water vapor to form a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen and re-using in the fuel cell system; and    (f) introducing the gas mixture obtained formed in the endothermic cracking stage into the fuel cell and oxidizing the hydrogen in the fuel cell to recover heat and electrical energy.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process.    Preferred Features: The cracking reactor has at least three chambers divided into at least two chamber groups. The hydrogen-containing gas mixture fed to the fuel cell is treated to lower its carbon monoxide content before being introduced into the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The molten liquid of solid phase sheet made of metal or semiconductor material, is injected onto the surface of a substrate (1), so that a groove (12) dividing the substrate into inner solid phase sheet portion (1G) and peripheral solid phase sheet portion (26) of different heights, is formed.    USE - For manufacturing solid phase sheet for solar battery (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view illustrating the solid phase sheet manufacturing process.    Substrate (1)    Groove (12)    Inner solid phase sheet portion (1G)    Peripheral solid phase sheet portion (26)
NOVELTY - Thin-film photovoltaic device consists of a substrate, a first conductor thin-film layer, a chalcopyrite semiconductor thin-film layer, a buffer layer comprising defect chalcopyrite semiconductor with sulfur, and a transparent conductor layer.    USE - For use as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Incorporation of sulfur improves the performance of photovoltaic device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIM are also included for:    (a) fabrication of thin-film photovoltaic device by depositing conductor layer, chalcopyrite semiconductor layer, buffer layer and transparent conductor layer on a substrate within a vacuum deposition apparatus; and    (b) a photovoltaic module comprising monolithically connected photovoltaic devices.
NOVELTY - An aqueous fuel for generating hydrogen comprises an alkaline aqueous composition comprising 17-37 mole % alkali metal borohydride and 0.001-1 mole % strong base.    USE - For energizing fuel cells, batteries, internal and external combustion engines for transportation and power generation (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Weakly alkaline, highly concentrated solutions of sodium borohydride exhibit an acceptable level of stability for use as an aqueous fuel. The alkaline aqueous composition of the invention is extremely stable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The use of the fuel of the invention does not generate by-products that must be disposed of as hazardous waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a process for preparing an alkaline aqueous borohydride composition by mixing a feedstock of a dilute alkaline aqueous solution of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with a polar, non-aqueous solvent that is a good solvent for the sodium borohydride but a poor solvent or non-solvent for the base; extracting sodium borohydride from the alkaline aqueous solution into the non-aqueous phase; separating the non-aqueous solution of sodium borohydride from the aqueous phase; concentrating the initial non-aqueous solution of sodium borohydride to provide a predefined concentration of sodium borohydride by evaporating the non-aqueous solvent; and adding a predefined amount of an alkaline stabilizing agent to the concentrated non-aqueous solution of sodium borohydride by evaporating the non-aqueous solvent; and    (b) a process for preparing an aqueous solution of a sodium hydrosulfite by providing a first component comprising an aqueous composition including an alkali metal borohydride and sodium hydroxide; providing a second component comprising sodium bisulfite or sulfur dioxide and caustic; optionally providing a third component comprising sulfuric acid; and mixing the components.
NOVELTY - Production of solar cell units comprises laminating a layer structure having solar cells embedded in plastic layers on a glass substrate under elevated temperature and pressure. The connecting elements of the solar cells are mechanically preformed before starting and/or during and/or after impinging with elevated pressure so that the stress on the connecting elements is mechanically relieved.    USE - Used in the production of a solar roof for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Premature malfunction is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solar roof for vehicles made from the solar cells; and    (2) a device producing the solar roof.    Preferred Features: The glass substrate is mechanically bent before and/or during impinging with elevated pressure so that the substrate retreats to its starting position after the laminating process. A separating medium is arranged between the plastic layers.
NOVELTY - A fluid reservoir (11) is positioned above the catalyst zone (15) in a vertical shell (12), so as to establish thermosiphon circulation effect, through the passage (24) formed between the vertical shell and an external jacket (28). An insulating layer (26) is provided on the vertical shell, within the flow passage, such that its thickness increases from the top towards bottom of the shell.    USE - For conversion of carbon monoxide and generation of steam used in fuel processor for generation of hydrogen used for fuel cell such as proton exchange membrane (MEM) fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates the thermosiphon circulation and stabilizes the steam generation, as the reservoir is provided above the catalyst zone. The shift reactor with minimized thermal cycling, rapid steam generation and improved operating reactor safety is achieved. Reduces the cost of the reactor. Reduces the temperature fluctuation between the catalyst zone and flow passage, as insulating layer is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of thermosiphon shift reactor.    fluid reservoir (11)    shell (12)    catalyst zone (15)    inlets (18,27)    outlets (23,25)    flow passage (24)    insulating layer (26)    external jacket (28)
NOVELTY - A microelectronic fabrication is produced by forming simultaneously an alignment mark (19a) and an isolation trench employing a single etch method and to an identical depth within a substrate (10'); forming within the isolation trench an isolation region (22a-b); and processing the substrate while aligning using the alignment mark in conjunction with a minimum of two alignment wavelengths.    USE - Used for the a microelectronic fabrication, e.g. integrated circuit microelectronic fabrications, ceramic substrate microelectronic fabrications, solar cell optoelectronic microelectronic fabrications, sensor image array optoelectronic microelectronic fabrications, and display image array optoelectronic microelectronic fabrications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention produces a microelectronic fabrication with enhanced efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show cross-sectional diagrams of progressive stages of the inventive method.    Substrate (10')    Alignment mark (19a)    Isolation region (22a-b)
NOVELTY - A metallic oxide film (2) is formed on an electroconductive base material (1) after adsorbing a pigment layer (6) to film particles (3). The base material is reacted with metal fluoride or fluorination complex solution through an electrolyte layer (7), to precipitate the metallic oxide film and form another metallic oxide film (4) onto which pigment sol from the precipitated film particles are coated.    USE - For manufacturing pigment sensitizing solar cell that converts sunlight energy or artificial light energy into an electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell, reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    Base material (1)    Metal oxide films (2, 4)    Particles (3)    Electrolyte layer (7)    Counter electrode (8)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a liquid fuel storage chamber (21) that is provided in a container (20) and connected to a supply port (1) through which liquid fuel is supplied. A reaction product storage chamber (22) is connected to a discharge port (2) through which a reaction product generated according to the electrochemical reaction of an electric power generator (10), is discharged.    USE - Direct liquid supply type fuel cell such as nickel cadmium battery, nickel hydrogen battery and lithium ion battery for portable electronic devices such as mobile telephone and portable computer.    ADVANTAGE - Performs the supply of liquid fuel and the recovery of reaction product efficiently and safely.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the direct liquid fuel supply type fuel cell.    Supply port (1)    Discharge port (2)    Electric power generator (10)    Container (20)    Liquid fuel storage chamber (21)    Reaction product storage chamber (22)
NOVELTY - Substrate film being organic-inorganic hybrid film comprising cellulose derivative defined below or copolymer of cellulose derivatives with reactive metallic compound useful as substrate for electron display device, electronic-optics device, solar cell or touch panel    USE - The substrate film is useful as substrate for electron display device, electronic-optics device, solar cell or touch panel.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate film has improved high transparency, heat resistance and surface hardness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Substrate film being organic-inorganic hybrid film comprising copolymer of cellulose derivative with group of formula (1) in the molecule, its hydrolyzed polycondensed material or copolymer of the cellulose derivative with reactive metallic compound capable of being hydrolyzed and polycondensed as main component useful as substrate for electron display device, electronic-optics device, solar cell or touch panel    R, R' = hydrogen or univalent substituent;    n = integer of 1 -3    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the substrate film comprising functional group carrying hydrogen of hydroxyl in the cellulose derivative being 2-4 C acyl.
NOVELTY - The device (1) has a rotor. A number of shafts parallel to rotor axis (6) are rotatably supported on the peripheral surface of the rotor. Base materials (5a-5f) are attached to boards (4a-4f), each supported swingably by respective shaft. As the rotor is rotated, the face side of board gets immersed in a molten solution (9) held in a tank (10), so as to form a crystal sheet.    USE - For substrate of solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables to ensure uniform immersion depth of the entire face side of the base material in the molten solution. Enables to maintain uniform process conditions while forming a crystal sheet on the face side of a base material. Enables to obtain crystal sheet of uniform film thickness and film quality easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Crystal sheet manufacturing method;    (2) Substrate manufacturing method using crystal sheet; and    (3) Solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the crystal sheet manufacturing device.    Crystal sheet manufacturing device (1)    Rotor (3)    Boards (4a-4f)    Base materials (5a-5f)    Rotor axis (6)    Molten solution (9)    Tank (10)
NOVELTY - A low-hardened rubber composition comprises (in weight%) ethylene propylene diene ternary copolymerization rubber (EPDM) (95-30) and ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymerization rubber (5-70) having number average molecular weight in the range of 104-106 and 103-105 respectively. The rubber composition provides a molded product having a DuroA hardness of 50 or less.    USE - As a molding material of sealants used for electrical components such as fuel cell, secondary battery, aluminum electrolytic capacitor and an electrical-double-layer-type capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - As peroxide cross-linking of the low hardness rubber composition is preferred, the composition contains no exuded portion hence has favorable non-exudative property.
NOVELTY - The method involves forming the transparent electrically conductive film on a transparent substrate by sputtering method using zinc-oxide target containing 0.1-10 mass% of Ga2O3. The sputtering is performed in an inert gas atmosphere containing hydrogen.    USE - For solar cell, liquid crystal display, electroluminescence display.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electrically conductive film of zinc-oxide group has stable characteristics. Since the optical absorption of the transparent substrate is small, a suitable transparent color tone for the display is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the transparent substrate with electrically conductive film.
NOVELTY - The resin composition consists of 30 weight% or less of reactive component containing thermosetting resin.    USE - For optoelectric transducer (claimed) used in photoelectric cell (claimed) and solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A durable optoelectric transducer with high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Optoelectric transducer;    (2) Photoelectric cell; and    (3) Solar cell.
NOVELTY - The raw material of the reformed gas is evaporated by an evaporator (5) and the vaporized raw material is reformed by a modifier (1a) using catalytic reaction. A flow rate controller (AV2) corrects the rate of flow of air to the modifier, based on the change in a requirement output with respect to a fuel-cell (2).    USE - For controlling fuel-cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The composition of the reformed gas is effective stabilized in a transient state, without damaging the fuel-cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1a)    Fuel-cell (2)    Evaporator (5)    Flow rate controller (AV2)
NOVELTY - Providing a fuel-providing unit for chemical transformation and energy conversion of the fuel with a fuel pressure reservoir for storing the pressurized fuel.    USE - The invention is used for providing hydrogen-containing fuel to fuel-cell unit and/or combustion apparatus, in particular a combustion engine, as the fuel energy converter for chemical transformation and energy conversion of fuel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention increases efficiency of fuel energy converter. Conversion of pressure energy into mechanical energy can be achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel-providing unit for providing hydrogen-containing fuel of fuel energy converter for chemical transformation and energy conversion of fuel, includes separate pressure energy-utilizing unit (4, 8, 9) for converting and utilizing pressure energy of the fuel.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) fuel-cell installation comprising fuel-providing unit, fuel pressure reservoir (2), and fuel-cell unit (1) as fuel-cell energy converter; and    (b) combustion installation or vehicle comprising fuel-providing unit, fuel pressure reservoir, and combustion apparatus, particularly combustion engine as fuel energy converter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of a fuel-providing unit with a fuel cell.    Fuel-cell unit (1)    Pressure reservoir (2)    Pressure energy-utilizing unit (4, 8, 9)    Coupling device (10, 11)
NOVELTY - Solar cell comprises anode (A) and cathode (B) separated by a thin non-degradable plastic sheet (1) having a thin layer (2) of a mixture of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) or molybdenum (Mo) in approximately equal weight proportions on one surface of the sheet (1). A number of angularly distributed conductive lines (5) radiate from a depleted iridium (Ir) disc (4) in the center of the thin layer (2) to a conductive edge (6).    USE - Solar generator manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is robust and unbreakable, and has good energy efficiency. A solar cell having surface area less than 350 square mm can be produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a procedure for production of the solar cell, comprising:    spraying under pressure a mixed powder of approximately equal amounts of Si and Se or Mo on a first surface of a thin sheet (1) of non-degradable plastic material, so that the powder is embedded in the plastic material;    applying a metallic strip (A, B) constituting an electrode on each surface of the thin sheet (1); and    applying a depleted Ir disc (4) and conductive lines (5) radiating from the center of the disc (4) to the conductive edge (6) of the cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing show a schematic plan view of the solar cell and an exploded view of the solar cell.    Thin plastic sheet (1)    Thin layer of Se or Mo, and Si (2)    Second thin plastic sheet (3)    Iridium disc (4)    Conductive lines (5)    Conductive edge (6)    Anode (A)    Cathode (B)
NOVELTY - Catalytic autothermal steam reforming of at least 2C alcohols, comprises directing an educt mixture of the alcohols, oxygen and water or steam, which is heated to a preheat temperature, over a catalyst. The process is conducted in an adiabatic manner. The catalyst comprises a coating of a platinum group metal-containing catalyst composition on an oxidic support, with both on a carrier.    USE - Catalytic autothermal steam reforming of at least 2C alcohols (claimed), for the production of hydrogen, especially in a vehicle powered by fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows the simultaneous reforming of alcohols and hydrocarbons, and has very high hydrogen productivity, hence may be used in mobile systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxidic support comprises aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and/or titanium dioxide and zeolites. The educt mixture additionally comprises hydrocarbons, which are reformed at the same time as the alcohols.
NOVELTY - Current supply plate (1) for fuel cells comprises a first plate layer (2) made of an electrically conducting polymer or polymer composite for connecting to a fuel cell, adjacent to the first plate layer a second plate layer (3) made of a metallic structure, and a third plate layer (4) adjacent to the second plate layer.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The current supply plate is cost-effective and long-lasting.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The first plate layer has a base material of duroplastic or thermoplastic material. The first plate layer consists of an electrically conducting polymer and has a conducting mixture (5) of graphite and/or a metal. The second plate layer has a metal structure made at least partly from at least copper, silver, aluminum, nickel-silver or iron. The third plate layer consists of a thermoplastic or duroplastic polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a current supply plate.    Current supply plate (1)    First plate layer (2)    Second plate layer (3)    Third plate layer (4)    Conducting mixture (5)
NOVELTY - A honeycomb structure includes multiple segments (12) joined together by a joining layer (8), each segment comprising a large number of axial flow-holes (3) divided by porous separating walls (2). The joining layer includes one or more bonding layers (10), and one or more foundation layers (9) interposed between the honeycomb segment and the bonding layer.    USE - Used for a particulate filter used to remove particulates from catalyst supports or exhaust gases in internal combustion engines, boilers, chemical reactors, or fuel cells. The filter is especially for removing diesel particulates.    ADVANTAGE - The bonding strength of the honeycomb structure is high, preventing cracks etc. in the bonded parts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a honeycomb structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a top view of the honeycomb structure.    Porous separating walls (2)    Flow-holes (3)    Foundation layer (9)    Bonding layer (10)    Honeycomb segments (12)
NOVELTY - Micro fuel cell has a membrane electrode unit (MEA) (2) which is enclosed on both the cathode and anode sides by conductor sheets (3, 4). These have gas channels (5, 6) passing through them which connect with diffusion channels separated by strips which have a conductive coating on their inner side.    USE - Micro fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is easy to control when operating with methanol.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for making a micro fuel cell by fitting a conductor sheet, as described above, at least on the anode side.    The diffusion channels are 1-300, especially 10-00 microns wide. They have a labyrinthine pattern and narrow with distance form the gas channels.    The conductor sheets are made from a polymer, the tops of the strips are metallized and the opposite sides of the sheets carry metal masks.    Porous components are fitted on the MAE to trap water formed during reaction. The cell can be operated with hydrogen or methanol.    The cathode-side conductor sheet has several gas channels which supply atmospheric oxygen to the cathode.    The conductor sheets are connected to each other at least two points. The cell is flexible and can be fitted on to a fuel tank with a curved surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the fuel cell.    Membrane electrode unit (2)    Conductor sheets (3, 4)    Gas channels (5, 6)
NOVELTY - The carbon fiber has warps and wefts with woven density of 20 pieces/cm constituting the woven fabric, whose average size is 0.005-00.028 g/m.    USE - For electrode diffusion layer of electrode element (claimed) in fuel cell (claimed), for mobile unit.    ADVANTAGE - The conductivity, gas diffusion/permeating features and strength of the carbon fiber woven fabric is improved reliably. The deformation due to compression and change is in dimension of fuel cell is prevented reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electrode element;    (2) fuel cell;    (3) mobile unit;    (4) carbon fiber woven fabric production method.
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element has a semiconductor layer which comprises an amorphous semiconductor or monocrystalline semiconductor. A transparent conductive film (4) made of indium oxide film doped with impurities is placed on the light incident side of the semiconductor layer. The plane orientation degree of the conductive film is 1.0.    USE - Used as a photovoltaic element, e.g. a solar cell and photo sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The process effectively prevents the diffusion of alkaline ions without decreasing the energy conversion efficiency, by controlling the plane orientation degree of transparent conductive film. Thus the environment resistance reliability is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photovoltaic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the photovoltaic device.    Transparent conductive film (4)
NOVELTY - A catalyst composition comprises copper, zinc, aluminum, gallium and solid acid.    USE - For converting carbon dioxide to oxygenates such as methanol and dimethyl ether, useful as e.g. alternative fuels, fuel additives, fuel cell fuel or aerosol propellant.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst composition provides an increased carbon dioxide conversion and increased product selectivity towards methanol and dimethyl ether. The composition reduces the amount of carbon monoxide produced during conversion of carbon dioxide-containing feed to oxygenates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) method of making a catalyst composition which involves combining a copper-containing compound, zinc- containing compound, aluminum-containing compound, gallium- containing compound and a solid acid compound to form a catalyst mixture, calcining the mixture and reducing the calcined catalyst to form a reduced catalyst; and    (2) process for converting carbon dioxide-containing feed into oxygenates which involves contacting carbon dioxide-containing feed with a catalyst composition in a reaction zone under a reaction conditions sufficient to convert portion(s) of carbon dioxide-containing feed into oxygenates and recovering portion(s) of oxygenates from the reaction zone.
NOVELTY - Plate fins (4) with elastically deformable portions (4b), are arranged along the inner periphery of a cylindrical container (1). The edge portion (4a) of the fin is attached to the inner surface of the container.    USE - For storing hydrogen occlusion alloy used in fuel cell system used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The size of the container is reduced and hydrogen occlusion alloy is filled with high density, without damaging the container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the hydrogen occlusion alloy container.    cylindrical container (1)    plate fins (4)    edge portion (4a)    elastically deformable portions (4b)
NOVELTY - The catalyst, which oxidizes carbon monoxide selectively in gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, comprises at least one metal from platinum, palladium, ruthenium, gold, rhodium and iridium supported on an inorganic oxide, which has a surface area of 150 m2/g or less, and gives a pH of at least 7 at 25 degreesC as a 10% suspension in water.    USE - For oxidizing carbon monoxide concentration of raw material gas in fuel-cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide concentration is effectively and stably decreased for long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a method of decreasing carbon monoxide concentration in a material gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising adding oxygen-containing gas to the material, and performing oxidation in the presence of the claimed catalyst; and    (2) a fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Water tank (1)    Water pump (2)    Fuel tank (3)    Fuel feed pump (4)    Desulfurizer (5)    Vaporizer (6)    Modifier (7)    Air blower (8)    High temperature Shift reaction device (9)    Low temperature Shift reaction device (10)    Selection oxidation-reaction device (11)    Anode (12)    Cathode (13)    Solid polymer electrolyte (14)    Electric load (15)    Exhaust port (16)    Solid polymeric type fuel cell (17)    Burner for heating (18)
NOVELTY - The generator (1) has a reaction tank (5) which promotes the reaction between hydride (2) and water sent from a hydride storage tank (3) and a water tank (4), respectively. The exit of the reaction tank is connected to the water tank by a piping (11) to utilize the water tank which becomes empty after transferring water into hydride storage tank, to store the reaction by-product.    USE - For generating hydrogen used in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The size of hydrogen generator is reduced by eliminating need for a separate by-product storage tank, as empty water tank is used to store by-product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of a hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generator (1)    hydride (2)    hydride storage tank (3)    water tank (4)    reaction tank (5)    piping (11)
NOVELTY - Metallic silicon purification method involves spraying oxygen gas and ammonia gas through plasma torches (16) towards molten metal of metallic silicon held in a crucible (14a), while spraying a plasma jet towards the molten metal of metallic silicon.    USE - For purifying metallic silicon that is used in solar cell and semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Removes boron and carbon from metallic silicon efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for metallic silicon refiner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of metallic silicon refiner.    crucible (14a)    plasma torches (16)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generator generates hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing gas such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG) using a fuel cell (6). The fuel cell generates a portion of hydrogen as heating gas, and the electricity generated during manufacturing process as electric power for operating the hydrogen gas generator.    USE - Hydrogen gas generation system for use in semiconductor industries and also for motor vehicles such hydrogen fueled cars.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy tracking of fluctuation of hydrogen demand amount and provides continuous supply of hydrogen even at the time of power-off.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of the hydrogen gas generation system comprising solid polymeric fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (6)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) has chamber (I) and chamber (II) having anode catalyst electrode. Chamber (I) dehydrogenates 2-propanol in solution equipped with cathode catalyst electrode using composite catalyst containing palladium and ruthenium, or palladium and metal-cluster complex. Acetone is reacted on anode catalyst electrode and is converted into 2-propanol. An electrolyte is interposed between the electrodes.    USE - For converting chemical energy into electrical energy using heat energy of lower grade waste-heat emitted in various industries.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has excellent efficiency, high 2-propanol dehydrogenation ability, and hydrogen spillover ability. The fuel cell efficiently generates electrical energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell (10) has reaction chamber (I) and reaction chamber (II) having an anode side catalyst electrode. Chamber (I) carries out dehydrogenation of 2-propanol in a solution equipped with a cathode side catalyst electrode using a composite catalyst containing compounded palladium and ruthenium, or a composite catalyst containing compounded palladium and a metal-cluster complex. 2-propanol is contained as a main component on the cathode side catalyst electrode. Acetone is reacted on the anode side catalyst electrode, and is converted into 2-propanol. An electrolyte is interposed between the cathode and anode side catalyst electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of a fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (10)
NOVELTY - A rotary thermal storage structure (21) provided with percolation holes, rotates between a high and low temperature fluid routes (B,A), respectively. A pair of sealing units (22,23) provided with percolation holes and attached to the rotary thermal storage structure, divides the flow paths of the fluid routes.    USE - Rotary heat regenerator for reformer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enhances sealing performance between high and low temperature fluid routes, due to the provision of the sealing unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for reformer using the rotary heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the rotary heat regenerator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    heat exchanger (20)    rotary thermal storage structure (21)    sealing units (22,23)    flow path partitions (24,25)    low temperature fluid route (A)    high temperature fluid route (B)
NOVELTY - The cell has a resin area (7) formed by removing portion of laminated structure that consists of a reflection layer (2), semiconductor layer (3) and transparent electrode layer along the circumference of a photoelectric conversion active region. The structure and the resin area are covered using a resin layer (5).    USE - Photovoltaic cell e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Water resistance and moisture resistance of the cell can be increased and reduction of capability is prevented. Reliability and endurance of the cell with respect to corrosive aqueous solution like rain water is improved, by the resin layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photovoltaic cell.    Reflection layer (2)    Semiconductor layer (3)    Resin layer (5)    Resin area (7)
NOVELTY - A reformer (11) supplies exhaust gas to steam generator (14) for heating the carbon monoxide reformer (12) and carbon monoxide eliminator (13). The passage of feed water is changed from fed water recirculation line (1) to steam feeding line (5) using shut-off valves (2, 3), when the carbon monoxide reformer and eliminator reach a predetermined temperature.    USE - Fuel cell power generation device.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies the structure of carbon monoxide reformer and eliminator. Reduces power consumption and starting period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a layout of fuel cell power generation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fed water recirculation line (1)    Shut-off valves (2, 3)    Steam feeding line (5)    Reformer (11)    Carbon monoxide reformer (12)    Carbon monoxide eliminator (13)    Steam generator (14)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic device comprises: an intrinsic amorphous semiconductor thin film (12,13) without dopant of conductive impurity interposed on a one-conductive crystalline semiconductor to form amorphous one-conductive or other conductive semiconductor thin film (14,15). A conductive impurity is provided at the interface from the crystalline and amorphous thin film, without dopant of conductive impurity or intrinsic amorphous semiconductor film.    USE - Especially for a solar cell device.    ADVANTAGE - Improves interface characteristics between crystalline semiconductor and amorphous semiconductor thin film, upgrading junction characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: manufacturing methods for the photovoltaic devices, which include:    (a) cleaning the front surface of the substrate (11) using plasma discharge, forming intrinsic amorphous semiconductor thin film (12,13) without dopant on the front surface of the substrate, and forming the amorphous thin film (14,15); and    (b) in an alternative fabrication, exposing a conductive crystalline semiconductor substrate when heated to impurities, forming intrinsic amorphous thin film without dopant on the front surface of the substrate, followed by formation of the amorphous semiconductor thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the photovoltaic device.    semiconductive substrate (11)    intrinsic amorphous semiconductor thin films (12,13)    conductive semiconductor thin films (14,15)
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen-containing gas, comprises reacting methanol, steam and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising palladium, zinc and chromium, gallium, copper, indium, bismuth and/or platinum.    USE - The process is used in a fuel cell, especially for automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high selectivity, activity, and heat resistance.
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen-containing gas, comprises reacting methanol, steam and oxygen in the presence of catalyst comprising zinc oxide and 5-50 wt.% platinum.    USE - The process is used in a fuel cell, especially for automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high selectivity, activity, and heat resistance.
NOVELTY - System for producing a single phase alternating current comprises a fuel cell arrangement (10) which delivers an electrical current (ib) by the electro-chemical conversion of a fuel; and an inverter (11) which converts the electrical current into an alternating current to be delivered to the consumer in a pulsed manner. The inverter is connected to the fuel cell arrangement so that the fuel cell arrangement has a pulsed performance.    USE - Used for household energy supply.    ADVANTAGE - The system is cost effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The fuel cell arrangement has a number of fuel cells connected in series each having two fuel chambers separated from each other by an ion-conducting electrolyte layer covered with catalytic electrode material.    The electrolyte layer is made from an ion-conducting ceramic, a molten salt, especially a carbonate, a liquid acid or alkali, acid or alkali formed in a porous matrix, an anion- or cation-conducting composite material, a polymeric anion exchange membrane, or a polymeric cation exchange membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a block diagram of the system.    fuel cell arrangement (10)    inverter (11)    fuel source (13)    electrical current (ib)
NOVELTY - Solar energy device comprises a photovolatic solar module arranged on the side of the building facing the sun; a heat exchanger connected to the module via lines; and a control and regulating device. The solar module has flexible foil-like elements lying singly or together on an amorphous, metallic or metal-coated substrate and embedded in the roof or facade of the building.    USE - Used for a building e.g. apartment.    ADVANTAGE - The device has high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar energy device comprises a photovolatic solar module (1) arranged on the side of the building facing the sun; a heat exchanger (4) connected to the module via lines; and a control and regulating device. The solar module has flexible foil-like elements lying singly or together on an amorphous, metallic or metal-coated substrate (11) and embedded in the roof or facade of the building. Each element has air channels arranged on the lower side (15) of the substrate through which air flows to be heated or to cool the solar module. The heated air is fed to the heat exchanger which is connected to a heat pump (5) having an earth collector (6) or probe. The heated air post-heated by the heat pump and/or damper register is distributed into the individual rooms via a ventilation system.    Preferably the air channels are connected to a air collecting channel made from a thermally insulating and weather resistant material, such as vinyl rubber. The solar module is made from amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium-technetium, dye, copper-indium-gallium diselenide or a double or multiple layer cell combination of cell layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a solar energy device installed in a building.    Solar module (1)    Heat exchanger (4)    Heat pump (5)    Earth collector (6)    Substrate (11)    Lower side of substrate (15)
NOVELTY - The process for supplying a vehicle with solar electricity, comprises locating solar cells on the vehicle roof, bonnet, boot lid etc., and connecting them to a regulator and a chargeable accumulator. The electrical energy is used to form hydrogen and oxygen from water. The oxygen is used during a cold start phase. The hydrogen is used in the catalyst as reducing agent for emitted pollutants.    USE - The process is used to supply a vehicle with solar electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and effective.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows vehicles on which solar cells are installed.
NOVELTY - The proton exchange film fuel cell is utilized to synthesize propanol with propenol and produce electric energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The proton exchange film fuel cell is connected to the test while controlling its temperature and the cathode chamber is pre-treated with nitrogen before bumping in cathode reactant, the cell is then initially polarized via introducing hydrogen to the anode and turning on the circuit to make residual oxygen in the cathode chamber react fully. Through reaction for 1-8 hr in controlled hydrogen flow rate, propenol water solution flow rate and reaction current and no load, pure propanol is produced. In the proton exchange film fuel cell of the present invention, porous gas diffusing three-in-one film electrode is used. The present invention is important in producing small amount of high-quality chemical product.
NOVELTY - Ceramic composite is able to withstand temperatures in excess of 2200 degrees F on repeated basis without cracking due to thermal shock.    USE - Used in fuel cell (claimed). It is also use as refractory brick or liner material, and in steel and cement clinker industries.    ADVANTAGE - Low manufacturing cost, improved erosion resistance, and excellent resistance to thermal shock, preferably above 2200 degrees F.
NOVELTY - Process (A) for producing a hydrogen-rich gas by contacting a hydrocarbon gas with a supported catalyst and regenerating the catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas, comprises using a catalyst support capable of storing and releasing oxygen and oxygenates.    USE - The hydrogen-rich gas is useful in fuel cells for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The process avoids rapid fouling of the catalyst with carbon deposits.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a process (B) for generating electricity, comprising carrying out process (A) and passing the hydrogen-rich gas directly to a fuel cell;    (2) an installation for producing electricity from a hydrocarbon gas, comprising a fuel cell (5) located downstream of a reactor (2) for carrying out the above process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an installation in which hydrogen-rich gas is used to drive a fuel cell for electricity generation.    Reactor (2)    Cooler (3)    Trap (4)    Fuel cell (5)
NOVELTY - A metal oxide sintered structure has a partition wall made of a sintered compact as a solid solution phase of a reducing metal oxide and a hardly reducing metal oxide formed to surround a channel to allow passage of a fluid; and metal particles precipitated from the metal oxide sintered compact comprising the partition wall by the hydrogen reduction.    USE - For use as catalyst in fuel cells, gas modification, gas synthesis, desulfurization, or combustion.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a catalyst system (catalyst and supporter) with a catalyst metal formed on the catalyst supporter surface evenly with a high density, a good interface adhesion between the supporter and the catalyst metal and a high function.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a production method for a metal oxide sintered structure comprising:    (a) mixing and kneading at least two kinds of reducing metal oxide powders and hardly reducing metal oxide powders and an organic binder;    (b) forming a compact having channels to allow communication of a fluid by extrusion molding of the mixture;    (c) forming a metal oxide sintered structure precursor by eliminating the organic binder in the compact;    (d) sintering and reducing metal oxide and the hardly reducing metal oxide by heating the metal oxide sintered structure precursor; and    (e) precipitating the metal particles on the sintered compact surface by reducing the reducing metal oxide by reducing the sintered compact in a hydrogen atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a metal oxide sintered structure of the invention.
NOVELTY - A solar cell module has a double glazing glass (2) having two sheet glasses superposed at a prescribed distance with a spacer (23). The two sheet glasses and the spacer form an inner space (2A) of a sealed state. Several solar cells (11) which have been subjected to weather-resistant sealing process, are provided in the inner space.    USE - As solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module is lightweight and highly reliable over a long period of time, and is manufactured by a simple process. A cracked solar cell can be exchanged with a new solar cell. The production yield of the module is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. The solar cell is not in direct contact with the sheet glass forming the double glazing glass. As a result, the metal portion of the solar cell electrode is not in contact with the sheet glass forming the double glazing glass. The possibility of thermal crack of a glass or crack of the solar cell caused by the difference in coefficient of linear expansion between the solar cell and the sheet glass when the solar cell module is exposed to strong sunlight can be reduced. Thus, the reliability of the solar cell module is ensured over a long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial cross-section of the solar cell module.    double glazing glass (2)    inner space (2A)    sealing component (3)    transparent filler (4)    transparent film (5)    solar cells (11)    net-embedded glass (22)    spacer (23)
NOVELTY - A metal hydride composition is prepared by: (1) mixing alcohol, water and acid to form a first mixture; (2) mixing alcohol and organometal to form a second mixture; (3) combining first and second mixtures to form a sol; (4) mixing metal hydride particles capable of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen with the sol to form a third mixture; (5) gelling the third mixture to form a gel; and (6) drying the gel to form an aerogel.    USE - For preparing metal hydride composition used in storing hydrogen (claimed), recovering hydrogen from gas mixture, and pumping and compressing hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The resulting composition can rapidly and reversibly absorb up to 30 moles hydrogen/kg at room temperature and pressure. The absorbed hydrogen can be readily recovered by heat or evacuation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of metal hydride composition includes:    (1) mixing alcohol, water and acid to form a first mixture;    (2) mixing alcohol and organometal to form a second mixture;    (3) combining the first and second mixtures to form a sol;    (4) mixing metal hydride particles with the sol to form a third mixture;    (5) gelling the third mixture to form a gel; and    (6) drying the gel to form an aerogel containing uniformly dispersed metal hydride particles.    The hydride particles can absorb and desorb hydrogen. The hydride particles are made of lanthanum-nickel-aluminum alloy. The organometal is alkoxysilane, or organometal of formulae (1) or (2).    MOxRy (1)    M(O)x (2)    R = organic ligand of formula CnH2n+1;    M = oxide-forming metal;    n, x = integer; and    y = 2 less than the valence of M.
NOVELTY - Fuel gas treatment agent comprises a complex compound containing a metal component, and an inorganic oxide and/or activated carbon.    USE - For removing impurities in heating gas used as fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel gas treatment agent removes sulfur effectively and stably from the heating gas. The heating gas treated using the fuel gas treatment agent, has excellent reproducibility, without fluctuation in pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for impurity removal method in heating gas.
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon compound is reformed into a gas composition containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in the presence of oxygen, water vapor and a catalyst. The component containing hydrocarbon compound, oxygen and water vapor is contacted with a solid superstrong-acid catalyst, and then with a catalyst containing a group VIII metal, chosen from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum.    USE - In hydrogen production unit, for producing hydrogen for use in fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The auto thermal reforming method reacts stably for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) Auto thermal reforming apparatus;    (2) Hydrogen production unit; and    (3) Fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - An oxygen-containing gas is added to a raw material gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and oxidization is performed using a catalyst comprising supported ruthenium on an inorganic oxide ,and then using a catalyst comprising supported ruthenium and platinum on an inorganic oxide. Carbon monoxide is selectively oxidized, and concentration of carbon monoxide in raw material gas is decreased by an at least two stage oxidation process.    USE - For decreasing carbon monoxide concentration in raw material gas used for fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide is selectively oxidized and carbon monoxide concentration in raw material gas is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A methanol direct-type fuel cell is operated by starting supply of a methanol aqueous solution to the cathode, when electric-power generation is started, and then starting the supply of an oxidation gas to the anode. The fuel cell uses a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid group ion exchange membrane for the electrolyte. The anode and cathode are distributed on both sides of the exchange film.    USE - For operating methanol direct-type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The operating method provides high output density.
NOVELTY - A fuel injector (58) sprays liquid reformation raw material into the methanol and water in drops towards a heater (256) installed in a cavity (258). The heater evaporates the sprayed reformation raw material by heating.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed) comprising primary battery such as alkaline dry battery and manganese dry battery used in clock, camera, toy, portable audio equipment and secondary battery such as nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen battery, lithium-ion battery used in mobile telephone, personal digital assistant, digital cam-corder, digital still camera and lead storage battery used in vehicle and also for industrial installation or medical facility.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction in size of evaporator is attained by spraying in drops. The liquid reformation raw material is efficiently evaporated, thereby reducing size of the heater and the evaporator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a modifier; and    (2) a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of modification reaction device.    Fuel injector (58)    Heater (256)    Cavity (258)
NOVELTY - Distribution structure comprises a reaction zone (6) and a feed channel (5) running conically on the reaction zone and containing devices to deviate the flow.    USE - In low temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A simple transfer takes place without the use of a catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a micro-structure reactor comprising the distribution structure; and    (2) a process for producing a distribution structure.    Preferred Features: The devices for deviating the flow are arranged in one plane or in two planes lying behind each other. The size of the devices increases within one plane from the center to the edge of the feed channel. The deviating devices are formed as baffle plates (1, 2). A hydrogen-rich gas is produced by autothermal reformation (ATR) reaction of hydrocarbons with water vapor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the distribution structure.    baffle plates (1, 2)    feed channel (5)    reaction zone (6)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell power plant comprises: a fuel cell stack for generating electric power and discharging anode effluent; a hydrogen supply passage for supplying hydrogen to fuel cell stack; a recirculation passage collecting the anode effluent; an ejector installed in the hydrogen supply passage; and a valve bypassing the ejector and supplying hydrogen in the hydrogen supply passage upstream of ejector.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The incorporation of valve bypassing the ejector maintains anode effluent recirculation performance of the ejector when the hydrogen flow rate is small, while preventing the pressure upstream of the ejector from becoming excessively large when the hydrogen flow rate is large. Recirculation performance of anode effluent is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell power plant consists of: a fuel cell stack which generates electric power by reaction of air with hydrogen and discharges anode effluent containing hydrogen; a hydrogen supply passage (4) which supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell stack; a recirculation passage (8) which collects the anode effluent; an ejector (10) installed in the hydrogen supply passage and ejecting the anode effluent from the recirculation passage into the hydrogen supply passage using a velocity head of hydrogen; and a valve which bypasses the ejector and supplies hydrogen in the hydrogen supply passage upstream of the ejector to the fuel cell stack without passing through the ejector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell power plant.    Hydrogen supply passage (4)    Recirculation passage (8)    Ejector (10)    Bypass passage (11)
NOVELTY - Light absorbing composition which absorbs light of the ultraviolet region to visible light region, contains a first organic compound which generates a light of a wavelength longer than the absorbed light and a second organic compound which absorbs the emitted light of the first organic compound.    USE - The composition is used as a light sensitizer in semiconductive electrodes, photoelectric conversion elements and solar cells, such as electrochemical solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The composition has excellent affinity to semiconductors and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a semiconductor electrode (1) sensitized by the composition;    (ii) a photoelectric conversion element using the composition; and    (iii) a solar cell using the composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a photoelectric conversion element.    Semiconductor electrode (1)    Transparent electrode (2a, 2b)    Semiconductor film (3)    Opposed electrode (4)    Redox electrolyte (5)    External load (6)
NOVELTY - An electrode consisting of a porous film which is applied to a substrate (2, 5) is dyed by exposing the substrate bearing the porous film to pulsating flow in a dyeing bath. The substrate together with the film is immersed in the dyeing bath.    USE - Dyeing of electrode used as a working electrode or a counter electrode in a sealed monolithic electrochemical system (claimed) useful as a solar cell and/or an electrochemical display (1).    ADVANTAGE - Reduces dyeing time, while maintaining or improving the degree of dyeing and permits a homogeneous dyeing result.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a sealed monolithic electrochemical system comprising:    (a) application of electrolyte to a pattern (3) consisting of a porous structure located on a substrate, and which constitutes a monolithic electrochemical cell(s) and comprising a working electrode (4), an insulating layer and a counter electrode (7);    (b) application of a sealing material (9) surrounding the porous structure to form a sealed monolithic electrochemical system(s) comprising a front plane consisting of the substrate and the porous structure and a rear plane consisting of the sealing material; (c) adsorption of an active substance to the porous structure; and    (d) sealing the monolithic electrochemical system.    The adsorption of the active substance to the porous structure is effected by the porous structure being exposed to a pulsating flow in a bath containing the active substance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram in cross-section of an electrochemical display.    Electrochemical display (1)    Substrate (2, 5)    Pattern (3)    Working electrode (4)    Counter electrode (7)    Contrast layer (8)    Sealing material (9)    Inner space (11)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is stored by: (a) adding water and hydrogen gas (H2) to a containment vessel; (b) reducing the temperature of water and H2 to form a hydrogen clathrate at a first cryogenic temperature and pressure; and (c) maintaining the clathrate at a second cryogenic temperature of at most 250 degrees K to effect hydrogen storage.    USE - Hydrogen storage for use as fuel, e.g. in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides hydrogen storage at or near ambient pressure and moderate cryogenic temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a low-pressure hydrogen hydrate comprising water (H2O) molecules, H2 molecules, and a unit cell including polyhedron cages of hydrogen-bonded frameworks of the H2O molecules built around the H2 molecules.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a flow diagram of the method for producing hydrogen hydrate at high pressure and low temperature.
NOVELTY - A transparent conductive oxide film formed on the substrate, includes ridges and float portions with several continuous micron-size protrusions.    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides low resistance and high transparency characteristics with good light scattering performance in full wavelength region of 300nm-3 microns of solar ray, hence provides excellent mass production efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the thin-film silicon-based substrate.
NOVELTY - Several tapered effusion nozzles (36) are provided in the containment box (12), to increase the thermal conductivity of the nozzles and to decrease the temperature gradient.    USE - Used for multi-nozzle thermal evaporation sources for use during the manufacture of e.g. thin film solar cells or semiconductor films.    ADVANTAGE - The structure of the multi-nozzle thermal evaporation source is improved. The equilibrium within the source is improved, to obtain uniform effusion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for evaporating bulk materials for depositing semiconductor thin films.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the multi-nozzle thermal evaporation source.    Containment box (12)    Effusion nozzles (36)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack is sealed by forming a sealant mixture paste through mixing a glass precursor and a composite microstructure forming agent, comprising a titanate consisting of barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, and/or their solid solutions; and transforming the sealant mixture paste into a composite sealant material comprising glass matrix and reinforcing phases.    USE - For sealing of fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The sealant material balances all the required properties. It has low initial viscosity and gap filling capacity, as well as pressure containment characteristics to achieve sealing. The composite sealant material can seal wide gaps and contain pressures of up to 6.5 pounds/inch squared gauge at 800 degreesC, in gaps of 0.034 inches wide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Sealing of a fuel cell stack, involves forming a sealant mixture paste by mixing a glass precursor and a composite microstructure forming agent, comprising a titanate consisting of barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, and/or their solid solutions. The sealant mixture paste is applied to a selected location of the fuel cell stack. The sealant mixture paste is then transformed into a composite sealant material to seal the selected sealant location. The composite sealant material comprises a glass matrix phase (140) and a reinforcing phase (138).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a highly magnified schematic illustration of the structure of the composite sealant.    Reinforcing phase (138)    Glass matrix phase (140)
NOVELTY - The manufacturing apparatus (10) has a film forming unit (11) containing a solution (15) comprising a chemical species for forming a film on a flexible substrate (20), roll (I) (12) for supplying substrate into the solution, and roll (II) (13) for rolling the substrate on which a film is produced.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing apparatus is economical and productive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of a solar cell.    manufacturing apparatus (10)    film forming unit (11)    roll (I) (12)    roll (II) (13)    solution (15)    substrate (20)
NOVELTY - The cell (10) comprises a porous electron-carrying layer (4), with a pigment layer (D) between a hole-carrying layer (5) and an electrode (3). The restoration processing is performed before joining a common electrode (6) with the substrate (7), when a short circuit between the electrode and hole-carrying layer is detected, by providing an insulating film (81) on the upper surface of failure cell (10a).    USE - For providing power, e.g. in satellites, industrial and domestic applications.    ADVANTAGE - The bad influence of short circuit is prevented. The manufacturing cost is less. The electric power generation efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell formed as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the above solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrodes (3,6)    porous electron-carrying layer (4)    hole-carrying layer (5)    substrate (7)    cell (10)    failure cell (10a)    insulating film (81)    pigment layer (D)
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises a multilayered laminate of cells (13,16) of pin or nip type consisting of amorphous or crystalline silicon, on a support (11), via a transparent electrode layer (12). At least one pair of adjacent cells are contacted partially via an opening hole (15) of an insulating film (14) which is formed between the cells.    USE - As solar cell, used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell exhibits high conversion effectiveness.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the above solar cell.    support (11)    transparent electrode layer (12)    cells (13,16)    insulating film (14)    opening hole (15)
NOVELTY - A controller reduces supply amount of oxygen to a modifier to a value lower than the amount of oxygen supplied at normal operating condition, during start-up of the hydrogen production apparatus.    USE - For producing hydrogen, used for performing electrochemical reactions in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen production apparatus can suppressing abnormal temperature rise in modifier during restraining operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation control for starting method of hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart explaining the starting control operation of hydrogen production apparatus, as above. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A heating controller (9) stops the heating of cylinder chamber (2), when the temperature of the cylinder chamber measured by a temperature sensor (6) is higher than a predetermined temperature. The heating controller outputs an indicating signal to an electric heater (7), so as to adjust the heating amount, when the measured temperature is less than a predetermined value.    USE - For producing reformed-gas rich in hydrogen used for electricity generation of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the heating controller controls the heating, the temperature rise of the cylinder chamber is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the reformed-gas production system.    cylinder chamber (2)    temperature sensor (6)    electric heater (7)    heating controller (9)
NOVELTY - A heat resistant polypropylene resin film (3) which includes a whitening agent, a ultraviolet absorber, and an optical stabilizer, is formed on one surface of a base film (1). An inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) and a heat sealing resin layer (4) are formed on the another surface of the base film.    USE - For solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides excellent weather resistance, heat resistance property, water resisting property, light resistance, wind-pressure proof property, damp proofing, stain resistance and hail resistance, thus durability is improved. Inexpensive and safe solar cell module can be manufactured stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the protection sheet for solar cell module.    base film (1)    inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    heat resistant polypropylene resin film (3)    heat sealing resin layer (4)
NOVELTY - The heavy hydrocarbon in crude gas of coke oven, is converted into light hydrocarbon with methane, by a hydrocracking catalyst, water vapor modification catalyst or hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a carrier.    USE - For processing crude gas from coke oven of coal tar chemical industry, petrochemical industry, to obtain hydrogen for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The processing method of crude gas, converts heat energy into light chemical energy, reduces amount of carbon dioxide ejected to atmosphere and enables stable heat recovery from heavy hydrocarbon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas containing light hydrocarbon is made to undergo partial oxidation and modified into synthesis gas with hydrogen as main constituent. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processing system of crude gas from coke oven.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of crude gas processing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A substrate (101) is immersed in a container (105) filled with molten metal (104) containing coating material. The molten metal is stirred by moving each magnet (109) arranged around a container (105) and the container relatively.    USE - For manufacturing thin single-crystal-silicon solar cell, compound-semiconductor crystal for LED, optical crystal for electro-optical elements.    ADVANTAGE - Allows growth of coating material contained in the molten metal onto the substrate, without non-uniformity and irrespective of the number of sheets of the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) liquid-phase growth apparatus; and    (2) semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the liquid-phase growth apparatus.    Substrate (101)    Molten metal (104)    Container (105)    Magnet (109)
NOVELTY - Thermoplastic aliphatic polyurethane with a hardness of 75 Shore A to 70 Shore D, a softening point of 90-150 degrees C and a tensile modulus of 2 MPa is used as the embedding material for solar cells in the middle layer of a photovoltaic module.    USE - For the direct production of electrical current from solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - A lightweight photovoltaic module obtained by a rapid, cost-effective method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photovoltaic module comprises:    (A) an outer layer facing the energy source, consisting of glass or impact-resistant, UV-resistant, weathering-resistant, transparent plastic with low water vapor permeability;    (B) a synthetic adhesive interlayer with one or more embedded, electrically interconnected solar cells; and    (C) a backing layer of glass or weather-resistant plastic with low water vapor permeability.    The adhesive in (B) consists of an aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane with a hardness of 75 Shore A to 70 Shore D, a softening point of 90-150 degrees C and an E' modulus of 2 MPa (by the DMS method), which is the reaction product of:    (a) an aliphatic di-isocyanate;    (b) Zerewitinoff-reactive polyol(s) with 1.8-3.0 reactive hydrogen atoms on average and a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 600-10000; and    (c) chain-extender polyol(s) with 1.8-3.0 reactive H atoms and an Mn of 60-500, using a mol ratio of (NCO groups):(reactive H atoms) = 0.85-1.2, preferably 0.9-1.1.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for the production of a photovoltaic module as described in a vacuum hot press laminator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of the solar module. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)
NOVELTY - An interconnect element is formed of a flexible foil.    USE - For electrically connecting an anode and cathode in adjacent fuel cells in a fuel cell stack for an automotive vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The interconnect element provides a fuel cell stack that is lighter and smaller that prior art fuel cells of the same electrical capacity, can sealably conform to non-planarities in the electrolyte elements, and will not induce torsional stress in the elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a perimeter spacer (36a, 38a) for use in a fuel cell stack comprising laminate spacer elements (46), where at least one of the spacer elements is formed of a superalloy and a soft material; and    (b) a fuel cell stack for generating an electric current, comprising two anodes (16) and two cathodes (18) in two adjacent fuel cells, and a foil interconnect element (28a) disposed between the first anode and second cathode to electrically connect the first and second fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-cell stack of solid oxide fuel cells.    Electrolyte element (14)    Anodes (16)    Cathodes (18)    Interconnect element (28a)    Perimeter spacer (36a, 38a)    Spacer elements (46)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell comprises a photovoltaically active p- or n-doped semiconductor material made from a ternary compound (I) or a mixed oxide (II).    USE - Used for producing electrical energy from sunlight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photovoltaic cell comprises a photovoltaically active p- or n-doped semiconductor material made from a ternary compound of formula (I) or a mixed oxide of formula (II):    MexSAySBz (I)    Me = Al, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Ag;    SA, SB = different groups of the periodic table; and    x, y, z = 0.01-1.    ((CaOu.(SrO)v.(BaO)w.(1/2Bi2O3)x)f.(2n+a/2).((k)MenOn/2.(2-k).Men+aOn+a/2) (II)    Me = Fe, Cu, V, Mn, Sn, Ti, Mo, W;    n = 1-6;    a = 1 or 2;    f = 0.2-5;    k = 0.01-2; and    u+v+w+x = 1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a process for the production of semiconductor materials;    (2) a process for the combinatory production and testing of the semiconductor materials;    (3) an array of semiconductor materials; and    (4) a process for the production of photovoltaic cells.
NOVELTY - Preparation includes only two steps. First, mixing the alcoholic solution of the compound of platinum (and alloy constituent) with the carbon carrier fully, making the admixture evenly. The alcohol solvent is vaporized by use of the water bath at the controlled temperature. Then, the dry powder obtained is deoxidized in hydrogen at the condition of mild heating. The granularity of the platinum (alloy) obtained by the method is 1-2 nm with evenly distributed on the carbon carrier.    USE - In fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst possesses the better performances of the electrocatalysis reaction relevant to the polymer dielectric film fuel cell such as oxidation of hydrogen and deoxidization of oxygen, oxidation of carbon monoxide, oxidation of methanol. The invention provides the features of easy of operation, without need of filtering and washing only need of a little cheap chemicals.
NOVELTY - The present invention is a method of utilizing solar pond as crystallizing pond for separating lithium carbonate crystal from carbonate-type bittern. The solar pond with lighting area of 1000-10000 m2 and depth of 3-4 m has raw material of bittern as working medium and is built with clay enclosure, sand with structure of plastic film and hydro-magnesite in the bottom, and black geo-technical membrane or high-density polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride lining laid on the internal wall. By combining the heat accumulation of solar pond and the separation of lithium carbonate, a great amount of lithium carbonate is deposited and mixed salt with lithium carbonate content over 80% may be produced at low cost.
NOVELTY - To form a protective coating on the surface of chemically active materials, a mixture of a chemically-active metal and a fusible stable element is used. The mixture is applied to the surface with a liquid agent, which can dissolve the metal but not the stable element. The application is at a temperature above the melting point of the stable element, so that the coating is composed mostly of it.    USE - For the protection of metals from damaging effects in the atmosphere and from moisture; as a vapor source, as a chemisorbent, as a source of active metals as a catalyst in chemical synthesis, or a component part of the manufactured product and/or in the production of special alloys, sublimation pumps and/or particle accelerators; as a vapor source for photo-emission units e.g. photo-cells, photo-multipliers, image converters, etc, and light emitting diodes (LED); as a chemisorbent e.g. getters which can and cannot be vaporized, such as solar cells, electron tubes, such as cathode ray tubes, X-ray tubes, lamps, Dewar vessels, vacuum insulation plates/pipes, field emission displays, etc.; as a chemisorbent, including in gas cleaning for getters in plasma displays, gas filters etc.    ADVANTAGE - The protective coating is of an inter-metallic compound which mostly contains electro-positive metals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Coatings are applied until the required layer thickness is achieved, and the liquid is removed. The applied coating mixture is cleaned and dried.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows particles with the materials, as above.    fixed or fluid shell or dispersed layer (1a)    inter-metallic core, or core of other compositions (2a-2c)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generation system includes: (i) catalyst chamber; (ii) a fuel chamber comprising a reactant material capable of generating hydrogen gas when contacting a catalyst; (iii) a spent fuel chamber for receiving the reactant material and the generated hydrogen gas; (iv) conduit with check valve, between the spent fuel chamber and the fuel chamber; and (v) an outlet conduit connected to the check valve.    USE - The system is for generating hydrogen from a fuel, such as borohydride.    ADVANTAGE - The system does not require electrical power to operate. It can be used to augment military and small stationary hydrogen generation system used as micropower sources. The fuel is delivered to the catalyst chamber without requiring an elaborate powered pumping system. Hydrogen gas is generated without the use of pump connected to the electrical power supply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen gas generation system includes catalyst chamber comprising a catalyst; a fuel chamber comprising a reactant material capable of generating hydrogen gas when contacting the catalyst; a spent fuel chamber connected to the catalyst chamber for receiving the reactant material and the generated hydrogen gas; a conduit having a valve between the spent fuel chamber and the fuel chamber; and an outlet conduit connected to the check valve.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of generating hydrogen gas comprising providing the above system, applying pressure to the fuel chamber such that the reactant material is conveyed to the catalyst chamber, and contacting the catalyst with the reactant material to generate hydrogen.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack having a layer of several fuel cells separated from each other by bipolar plates. The plates have openings for cooling and for the medium supply and medium removal of the cells. The fuel cell stack is mechanically pressurized in the direction of the layer. Elastic beading arrangements (7) for sealing the openings and/or an electrochemically active region of the fuel cells are also included.    USE - Used in fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - The openings can be safely sealed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The fuel cells have gas diffusion layers (9) made from a graphite fleece or graphite paper on their sides facing the bipolar plates. The beading arrangement is coated with an elastomer for micro-sealing. The beading arrangement is made from metals, such as steel, nickel, titanium or aluminum and is joined to the bipolar plates. Each bipolar plate consists of a composite element of two metal plates having a plastic plate arranged between them.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the beading arrangement.    beading arrangement (7)    gas diffusion layer (9)
NOVELTY - Stain-resistant film formed article has a coating film of a silicone resin material on the surface of a substrate. The contact angle of water to the coating film surface is 5-30degrees and the average surface roughness of the coating film is at most5nm.    USE - Used to form stain-resistant films on e.g. glass surfaces.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent stain resistance is provided over an extended time despite rain-fall, whether small or large in amount, on a film surface.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas production apparatus consists of several modules (110-170), each consisting of a processing core arranged within an interior space of a shell, which are sequentially stacked along a common axis. The modules respectively, comprises autothermal reforming catalyst bed, primary heat exchanger (121), desulfurization catalyst bed, water gas shift catalyst bed, secondary heat exchanger (161) and preferential oxidation catalyst bed.    USE - For production of hydrogen rich gas used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The sequential flow of hydrocarbon fuel into the modules enables to efficiently convert the hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen production apparatus.    modules (110-170)    heat exchangers (121,161)
NOVELTY - Amorphous film (13) and a thin metal layer (14) are formed on a substrate (11). A metal layer (16) is formed on predetermined portions of the amorphous film which is then heat-treated for crystallization of the amorphous film.    USE - For fabrication of thin film transistor liquid crystal display (claimed), solar cells and image sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The amorphous film has improved crystallinity. The crystallization is performed in short time and the amount of metal remaining on the film is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The amorphous film is an amorphous silicon film and the metal in the metal layers is nickel or cobalt.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fabrication of liquid crystal display.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the crystallization of amorphous silicon film and perspective view of crystallized amorphous silicon film.    substrate (11)    amorphous film (13)    metal layers (14,16)
NOVELTY - A compressor arrangement comprises an electric motor to deliver output air to the fuel cell system, a housing at least partly surrounding the compressor an/or electric motor, and air permeable sound insulation at least partly surrounding the compressor and/or electric motor.    USE - For the operation of a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus achieves effective and noise attenuation without undesired heat build-up arising, and increases the reliability of the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A compressor arrangement for fuel cell system, comprises a compressor (12) with an intake air inlet, an electric motor (14) to deliver output air to the fuel cell system, a housing at least partly surrounding the compressor an/or electric motor, and air permeable sound insulation in the housing (30, 36) and at least partly surrounding the compressor and/or electric motor. It is adapted to intake air to pass through the air-permeable sound insulation before entering the compressor inlet.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating the compressor arrangement provided in a fuel cell system (22), comprising using the compressor to suck-in intake air and directing the intake air over at least one of the device, compressor and motor prior to entering the compressor inlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic design of the invention.    Compressor (12)    Electric motor (14)    Air flow (18)    Fuel cell system (22)    Housing (30, 36)    Foam material (32)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has gas-diffusion hydrogen electrode with hydrogen box, gas-diffusion oxygen (air) electrode with oxygen (air) box, and electrolyte disposed between hydrogen and oxygen (air) electrodes. Hydrogen electrode includes metal-hydride alloy; oxy-nickel electrode is inserted between hydrogen and oxygen (air) electrodes; alkali electrolyte is used in fuel cell. Oxy-nickel electrode may be isolated from hydrogen and oxygen (air) electrodes by means of separators. Oxy-nickel electrode may be designed for electrical connection to oxygen (air) electrode through switch. Oxy-nickel electrode porosity may range between 50 and 80% at relative electrolyte resistance of 1.5 to 8. Metal-hydride alloy is placed on hydrogen electrode surface facing hydrogen box; charging capacitance of oxy-nickel electrode is consistent with hydrogen capacitance of metal-hydride alloy.    USE - Electrical engineering; fuel cells for various applications including vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced specific characteristics and service life of fuel cell. 8 cl, 1 dwg
NOVELTY - A hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is equipped with an auxiliary combustion room (2) at the periphery of a modification reaction chamber (1) in which hydrogen is obtained by partial oxidation of hydrocarbon group fuel raw material and water vapor modification reaction.    USE - For fuel cells, such as domestic fuel cell and solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus response to a quick start and is compact. The side wall of the circumference of the modification catalyst in the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is endured at high temperature. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is cheap. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus have good thermal efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- section of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification reaction chamber (1)    auxiliary combustion room (2)
NOVELTY - A brazing layer (15) containing 1-40 wt.% titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) and 0.02-10 wt.% titanium alloy, nickel alloy and iron alloy, is formed by sequentially laminating iron or an iron alloy layer, titanium or a titanium alloy layer (12) and nickel or a nickel alloy layer (13) on a base material (11).    USE - Used for brazing a heat exchanger and a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The composite material has good reliability, brazing, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance properties.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the composite material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Base material (11)    Titanium or titanium alloy layer (12)    Nickel or nickel alloy layer (13)    Brazing layer (15)
NOVELTY - The water vapor generated by a water evaporator (4), is supplied to a modifier (3) at a predetermined temperature during system stoppage period, so as to maintain pure hydrogen layer, and air is supplied to modifier to purge out residual gas.    USE - Fuel reforming system mounted in car.    ADVANTAGE - Purges out the residual gas without using an inert gas such as nitrogen within a short time by using simple technique. Hence, solves problem regarding exchange of cylinder in usage of nitrogen which in turn improves space utilization efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (3)    water evaporator (4)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generation units (5,6) generate hydrogen by thermal decomposition of raw material which contains hydrocarbon compound.    USE - Hydrogen generation apparatus in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The structure of the hydrogen generation apparatus is simplified, as removal of indispensable carbon- monoxide or oxidation reaction is made unnecessary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen generation apparatus.    hydrogen generation units (5,6)
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon compound is reformed in presence of oxygen, water vapor and a catalyst, to obtain a gas composition containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas composition is contacted with a catalyst containing VIII group metal selected from rhodium, iridium, palladium and/or platinum and then with ruthenium catalyst.    USE - For hydrogen production unit for supplying hydrogen fuel to fuel cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The auto thermal reforming method and apparatus has good oxidation stability over a long period of time. The hydrogen production unit provides stable manufacture of hydrogen and the fuel cell has good stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) auto thermal reforming apparatus;    (2) hydrogen production unit having auto thermal reforming apparatus; and    (3) fuel-cell system using hydrogen from hydrogen production unit, as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon modification catalyst comprises an active alloy of noble metals and ruthenium on a basic support. The basic support contains complex oxides such as zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide and zirconium oxide.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen by modification of liquid hydrocarbon compound.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon modified catalyst is excellent in safety, has improved oxidation resistance due to inclusion of active alloy in basic support, and durability. The catalyst has excellent reaction selectivity and suppressed caulking effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrocarbon modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the relationship between temperature and conversion ratio of hydrocarbon modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - An evaporator (15) vaporizes fuel consisting of water and methanol. A superheater (14) superheats the vaporized fuel at the upstream side of the evaporator. A backup evaporator (13) provided at the superheater, vaporizes the fuel at the inlet of the superheater.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The installation of the backup evaporator promotes temperature reduction of combustion gas and reduces internal temperature difference and improves heat resisting property. The vaporization of the fuel is enhanced and heated-gas supply to a modification catalyst can be started promptly. Hence, starting time of the modifier can be shortened.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of a fuel cell system with the modifier.    modifier (8)    backup evaporator (13)    superheater (14)    evaporator (15)
NOVELTY - The original fuel is reformed to hydrogen rich gas, by igniting a shift burner (9) to raise the temperature of a carbon monoxide (CO) transformer (2) and a CO removal device (3), to predetermined values. After the combustion of the shift burner is stopped, a burner (1a) of a modifier (1), is ignited and the temperature of the modifier is raised.    USE - For starting reformer in fuel cell system e.g. for town gas.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the condensation of water vapor present in the reformer gas within CO transformer at time of starting of the fuel cell system, and shortens the starting time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text). (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    burner (1a)    CO transformer (2)    CO removal device (3)    shift burner (9)
NOVELTY - A cylindrical unit (141) has cavities into which the catalysts are arranged for performing hydrogenation reaction and dehydrogenation reaction. The dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction is performed by spraying hydrogen producing compound or hydrogen storage compound containing an aromatic compound, into the cavities.    USE - For generating and storing hydrogen which is used as energy source such as fuel cell for use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generation object or the hydrogen storage object contact the catalyst reliably since the catalyst is arranged in the cylindrical narrow hole. Thus the reaction efficiency of hydrogenation reaction or dehydrogenation reaction is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the hydrogen storage-supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    cylindrical unit (141)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide removal vessel (4) includes several flow paths (4a,4b) in which the flow path (4a) has a catalyst for removing the carbon monoxide in the gas output from a modifier (3). A controller (20) closes a valve (7) provided at the side of the flow path (4a), when the carbon monoxide concentration of the gas is high.    USE - For fuel cell used in electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the poisoning of the catalyst effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell modification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (3)    carbon monoxide removal vessel (4)    flow paths (4a,4b)    valve (7)    controller (20)
NOVELTY - A high temperature gas produced by a secondary combustor (701) is transferred to an evaporator (102). A bypass control valve (703) regulates combustion gas flow through a bypass route (702). A fuel flow regulating device (704) regulates fuel flow to the secondary combustor. A controller (401) controls the valve and the fuel flow regulating device based on load and acceleration of a fuel cell electric vehicle.    USE - In fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Phase difference produced between input/output of the evaporator during transition running of vehicle is reduced by controlling the bypass control valve and fuel flow regulating device based on load and acceleration of vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the control device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporator (102)    controller (401)    secondary combustor (701)    bypass route (702)    bypass control valve (703)    fuel flow regulating device (704)
NOVELTY - The catalyst (3) contains a support having complex oxide of manganese oxide, cupric oxide, cobalt oxide and gamma-aluminum oxide, in which platinum-black is dispersed. Ultrafine particles of silver oxide or silver and platinum-black are coexisted on the surface (1) of support.    USE - For protecting anode of fuel cell e.g. solid polymer fuel cell used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is efficient and improves the initiating quality and durability of the electrode by protecting the electrode from carbon monoxide poisoning.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a solid polymer fuel cell comprising catalyst.    surface (1)    catalyst (3)
NOVELTY - The control of the hydrogen content of a gas mixture, circulating at the outlet of an anode of a battery block, comprises: (a) making the gas mixture from the battery flow into a diversion line (20) put in communication with the purge circuit; (b) realising in the main line (18), first (22) and second (24) means for the creation of charge losses, such that the pressure equilibrium in the median zone (182) are different for the hydrogen and the parasite gas; (c) determining the pressure of a reference gas mixture in the median zone; and (d) regulating the flow of an instantaneous gas mixture, in the diversion line, as a function of the relative values of the pressure of this instantaneous mixture and of the pressure of the reference mixture in the median zone.    USE - Used for controlling the hydrogen content of a gas mixture of hydrogen and parasite gas at the outlet of an assembly for the production of energy from a battery which incorporates an anodic compartment for the oxidation of hydrogen and a cathodic compartment in which the oxygen in air is reduced with the production of water.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows the simple and reliable control of the instantaneous hydrogen content at the outlet of the anode of the battery so that it is permanently as near as possible to the optimum content.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a device for controlling the hydrogen content of a gas mixture using this method; and    (b) an assembly for the battery-based production of energy using this method of hydrogen content control.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing show the device for controlling the hydrogen content of a gas mixture.    Control device (16)    Main gas line (18)    Diversion line (20)    First measurement position (22)    Second measurement position (24)
NOVELTY - In hydrogen generator for operating fuel cells, with reformer for converting hydrocarbon gas and water to H2 and other reformer products (I) followed by heat-generating catalyst stage(s) for reaction-specific chemical treatment of (I) with temperature-specific heat exchanger(s).    USE - The apparatus is used for generating hydrogen for operating fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus, which is compact, can be made more easily than usual and gives better internal heat exchange between catalyst stages and heat exchangers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In hydrogen (H2) generator for operating fuel cells, with reformer (1) for converting hydrocarbon gas and water to H2 and other reformer products (I) followed by heat-generating catalyst stage(s) (2) for reaction-specific chemical treatment of (I) with temperature-specific heat exchanger(s) (3), the catalyst stage(s) (2) is parallelipipedal and has a rectangular flow cross-section and the heat exchanger(s) (3) matches this cross-section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section through the hydrogen generator.    Reformer (1)    Catalyst stage (2)    Heat exchanger (3)    Tube (5)    Vane (6)    Burner (9)
NOVELTY - Process for operating an apparatus for producing hydrogen for operating fuel cells comprises supplying a defined quantity of process heat from a heat source (2) designed as a burner to a reformer (1) having downstream catalyst stages (3) for converting hydrocarbon gas and water into hydrogen and other reformer products.    USE - Used for operating an apparatus for producing hydrogen for operating fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity and heating requirements can be fulfilled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - When required, additional heat is released which is removed from the apparatus for a separate use. In this case an additional exhaust gas flue (4) is opened to remove the heat unaffected by the reformer process using a heat exchanger (5) arranged in the exhaust gas flue.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for producing hydrogen for operating fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a possible construction of the apparatus.    Reformer (1)    Heat source (2)    Catalyst stage (3)    Exhaust gas flue (4, 7)    Heat exchanger (5)    Flap (8)    Supply connection (15)    Product connection (18)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell (3) and a gas producing system (2) for producing a hydrogen-containing gas for the fuel cell. The gas producing system has a device (19) for introducing a gaseous fuel. The gaseous fuel is introduced into the gas producing system in a region before the reformer stage (8).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Quick and simple start up is guaranteed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for starting up a fuel cell system comprising initially introducing a gaseous fuel into the gas producing system and controlling the combustion in a catalytic burner (15, 16).    Preferred Features: The gaseous fuel is produced from a liquid starting material methanol (CH3OH) or a mixture of water and CH3OH. The device for introducing the gaseous fuel is formed as a pyrolysis stage or a partial oxidation stage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Gas producing system (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Reformer stage (8)    Catalytic burner (15, 16)    Fuel introduction system (19)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a catalyst for carbon monoxide shift reactions based on platinum, comprises using a support comprising a metal oxide or complex metal oxide of pore volume greater than 0.25ml/g and a bulk density of less than 1g/ml, and a platinum compound containing no halogen and sulfur as a water-soluble precursor of the platinum to be carried.    USE - Used as a catalyst for carbon monoxide shift reactions to produce hydrogen used in fuels of e.g. fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst can be activated with ease, is less susceptible to adverse effect by repeated stops and starts operation or the incorporation of oxygen, and allows stable operation for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the catalyst for carbon monoxide shift reactions.
NOVELTY - Process for the generation of hydrogen by a homogeneous reaction of water vapor with one or more fuels, notably petrol, gas oil, butane or propane and/or natural gas and/or vegetable oils, esters or alcohols. The conversion results in a hydrogen-rich mixture with carbon monoxide by an endothermic reaction.    USE - The process is used as a localized hydrogen generator for use mainly in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - In mixing the fuel with water vapor to attain a molar ratio H2O/C greater than 2, cracking and cokefaction of the fuel during rise in temperature is avoided. A wide range of fuels can be used, including polyaromatics. The succession of preconversion/oxidation/conversion stages at high temperature curtails the response time of the generator, and in particular the temperature rise from cold start is considerably reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for the generation of hydrogen by a homogeneous reaction of water vapor with one or more fuels, notably petrol, gas oil, butane or propane and/or natural gas and/or vegetable oils, esters or alcohols. The conversion results in a hydrogen-rich mixture with carbon monoxide by an endothermic reaction. The conversion process is effected at a high temperature of 1600-2400 K in the absence of a catalyst and avoids the formation of soot or cokefaction. Polyaromatics contained in the fuels and intermediate products of the reaction are converted to hydrogen and carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. The conversion time is between 1 ms (2200K) and 1s (1800K).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the installation of the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a form of the installation (drawing includes non-English language text).    preheating zone (1)    primary reactor (2)    primary reaction zone (3)    high velocity injectors (4)    secondary reaction zone (5)    cooling zone (6)
NOVELTY - Inlet and outlet (1, 2) are arranged, and the channel (3) is so directed, that channel sections with greater relative humidity are located near channels with lower relative humidity, so that the moisture gradient is equalized over the polymer electrode membrane (PEM).    USE - A flow module for a fuel cell. It carries a gas over at least one electrode of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The design improves on porous material flow modules, which are comparatively costly and bulky. It is less sensitive to higher cell operating temperatures, which can result from reduction in size of the cooling system. Equalization of water vapor partial pressures is promoted in the flow module. Undesirable drying-out of the membrane is avoided in this way, even when the gas supplied to the cell contains little or no moisture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A plan view of the arrangement is shown.    inlet and outlet (1, 2)    channel (3)
NOVELTY - Element contains a gel electrolyte obtained by reacting a pre-gel composition comprising: (A) a polyether polymer formed by polymerizing oxirane compound(s), and/or a polyether polyol formed by copolymerizing this oxirane compound and oxirane compound; (B) a crosslinking agent; (C) an electrolyte salt compound; (D) an aprotic organic solvent; and (E) a polymerization initiator.    USE - The element is a lithium battery, capacitor, sensor, a solar cell, or a photoelectric conversion element for a light sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The polyether polymer has high ion conductivity properties, and a gel electrolyte having high performance properties is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Element contains a gel electrolyte obtained by reacting a pre-gel composition of viscosity at most100mPa.s comprising:    (A) (i) a polyether polymer of weight average molecular weight 50000-1000000 formed by polymerizing at least1 oxirane compound having ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide in the main chain and optionally an oligoalkylene oxide structure in the side chain, and/or (ii) a polyether polyol of weight average molecular weight 50000-1000000 formed by copolymerizing this oxirane compound and at least1 oxirane compound having reactive functional groups;    (B) a crosslinking agent;    (C) an electrolyte salt compound;    (D) an aprotic organic solvent; and    (E) a polymerization initiator.    The element is produced by introducing the pre-gel composition into an element structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed and gelatin by crosslinking. The gel of concentration of polymer (A) of 0.5-10 weight% is interposed between the electrodes.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical device comprises: (i) an electrolyte having an anode side and a cathode side; (ii) consumable carbonaceous material(s) disposed on the anode side; and (iii) a crossover mechanism for reducing crossover of the consumable carbonaceous material through the electrolyte to the cathode side. The crossover mechanism comprises a chemical barrier disposed on the anode side of the electrolyte.    USE - As an electrochemical device, i.e. a direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The device reduces fuel crossover without employing physical barriers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of reducing crossover of the consumable carbonaceous material through the electrolyte to the cathode side, comprising introducing chemical additive(s) into the solution where a chemical barrier is formed proximate to the electrolyte.    The chemical barrier prevents crossover of a portion of the consumable carbonaceous material through the electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a simplified diagram of a direct methanol fuel cell system for testing the addition of various chemical additives to the methanol fuel for forming a chemical barrier.
NOVELTY - A solid hydride having hydrogen storage capacity of at least 4.5 wt.% is processed for releasing hydrogen at ambient temperature without using chemical treatment.    USE - Powering of motor vehicles, milling machines etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables high capacity production of pure hydrogen at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a power provision method for motor vehicle.
NOVELTY - A catalyst composition comprises a dehydrogenation portion, an oxidation portion and a hydrodesulfurization portion.    USE - For autothermal hydrodesulfurizing and reforming of sulfur-containing carbonaceous fuel (claimed) used for producing hydrogen-rich gas used in fuel cell power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The degradation of catalyst performance and poisoning of the catalyst are prevented. The catalyst composition has improved sulfur tolerance and coking resistance.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply apparatus includes a water electrolysis stack (2) which generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water and simultaneously supplies generated hydrogen to hydrogen occlusion alloy (A), through a valve (16).    USE - Hydrogen supply apparatus for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents explosion by supplying hydrogen to hydrogen occlusion alloy immediately after generation. Prevents wastage of hydrogen gas. Enables restraining pressure fluctuation in water electrolysis stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrolysis stack (2)    valve (16)    hydrogen occlusion alloy (A)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of mesoporous titania particle involves polymerizing titania precursor in the presence of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant or polymerization inhibitor.    USE - For manufacturing mesoporous titania particle for wet solar cell and photocatalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The mesoporous titania particle with different pore diameter and various specific surface area, is produced. The application range of the titania particle is extended.
NOVELTY - Fuel modifier comprises flat shaped fuel modification catalyst layer (9) for steam reforming of the fuel, to generate hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas selectively permeates through a plate shaped hydrogen-permeation film (10). The carbon monoxide present in the hydrogen gas is converted into methane, by a carbon monoxide conversion catalyst layer.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The size of the fuel modifier is reduced and mass production is achieved using a simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the flow path in the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    fuel modification catalyst layer (9)    hydrogen permeation film (10)
NOVELTY - An evaporated raw material supply portion (40) is installed with an evaporation pipeline (42) which utilizes surplus heat of a heating portion (50), for uniform mixing of a vaporized liquid raw material and a gaseous raw material. The uniformly mixed raw material gas mixture is introduced into a modification reaction portion.    USE - For producing reformed gas.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies uniformly mixed vaporized liquid raw material and gaseous raw material due to provision of the evaporation pipeline.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the modification reaction device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification reaction portion (1)    container (3)    combustor (8)    combustion gas flow path (9)    raw material supply portion (40)    raw material inlet tube (41)    evaporation pipeline (42)    return gas passageway (44)    heating portion (50)
NOVELTY - A support layer (26), an intermediate layer (28) and a gas permeable layer (24) are laminated sequentially to obtain a gas permeable laminate (22), after performing activated processing of each surface of the layers.    USE - For manufacturing gas permeable laminate material for hydrogen permeation apparatus for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - An etching of the intermediate layer is performed, without producing pinhole on the gas permeable layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for component manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the gas permeable layer laminate material.    multiple layered laminate (22)    gas permeable layer (24)    support layer (26)    intermediate layer (28)
NOVELTY - The laminate material includes a support layer (26) and intermediate layer (28) which are joined by cold rolling. A gas transparent layer (24) is laminated on the intermediate layer.    USE - Laminate material used as hydrogen-permeation membrane for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables etching the support layer and the intermediate layer without formation of pin-hole in the gas transparent layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen-permeation components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the laminate material.    gas transparent layer (24)    support layer (26)    intermediate layer (28)
NOVELTY - A solar cell has a transparent electrically conductive film (I) (2), a IV group semiconductor conductive layer (3), a transparent electrically conductive film (II) (4) and an electrode (6), laminated in order, on one surface of a transparent substrate (1). The transparent electrically conductive film (I) has rough surface and contains zinc oxide, aluminum, boron, gallium, indium, yttrium and/or silicon.    USE - As solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has a high permeability rate, low-resistant transparent electrically conductive film, and provides big short circuit current. The solar cell is cheap. The solar cell has improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. The solar cell has improved electric-power generation effectiveness.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of structure of amorphous silicon solar cell.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent substrate (1)    transparent electrically conductive layer(I) (2)    IV group semiconductor conductive layer (3)    transparent electrically conductive film (II) (4)    electrode (6)
NOVELTY - Inlet and outlet pipes (5,7) of the modifier (1) are fixed to a base (11) through brackets (9,13), respectively. The bracket (13) of the outlet pipe is attached to the base through an intermediate support (15) whose thermal expansion coefficient is greater than that of the modifier.    USE - For fuel-cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Stress acting on modifier from the base is reduced, considerably, by simple arrangement.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of mounting structure of the modifier.    modifier (1)    inlet pipe (7) outlet pipes (5)    brackets (9,13)    base (11)    intermediate support (15)
NOVELTY - A modifier installed in a combustion chamber (4) uses heat energy emitted from burning of unused fuel (5) and oxidizing agent (6) in the chamber to reform the fuel supplied from a fuel supply unit to the fuel cell module (3).    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Heat energy generated by the burning of unused fuel and oxidizing agent is used effectively and failure rate is reduced considerably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell module (3)    Combustion chamber (4)    Unused fuel (5)    Unused oxidizing agent (6)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen occlusion tank (24) of a vehicle (23) driven by a fuel cell (22), is connected to an externally hydrogen supply source (27) by a filling path (26) connected by a coupling (28). The removal devices (32,34) are provided to remove the gas from upstream of a closing valve (30) which closes the filling path on the downstream of the coupling to a branch (37) from the filling path.    USE - For filling hydrogen from external hydrogen supply source to hydrogen occlusion tank mounted on fuel cell electric vehicle driven by fuel cell which uses hydrogen stored in hydrogen occlusion alloy in hydrogen occlusion tank as fuel.    ADVANTAGE - A poisoning material can be prevented from flowing into hydrogen occlusion tank, when filling hydrogen into the hydrogen occlusion tank from an external hydrogen supply source through filling path, since a removal device is provided to remove the gas from the upstream side of a closing valve which closes the filling path on the downstream of a coupling which connects the hydrogen supply source. The original property of the hydrogen occlusion tank can be maintained and prolonged usage can be enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The coupling is formed with a pair of connectors (28a,28b) which detachedly connect the filling paths on the vehicle side and the hydrogen supply source side. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen filling method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen filling equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (22)    vehicle (23)    hydrogen occlusion tank (24)    filling path (26)    hydrogen supply source (27)    coupling (28)    connectors (28a,28b)    closing valve (30)    removal devices (32,34)    branched path (37)
NOVELTY - Carbon dioxide is added to a lower hydrocarbon and thermal decomposition is performed in presence of a catalyst, to produce hydrogen. The catalyst comprises nickel on zeolite support.    USE - In chemical fields.    ADVANTAGE - Conversion ratio of hydrocarbon is improved by adding carbon dioxide to the reaction system. Hydrogen is efficiently manufactured while catalyst activity is maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lower hydrocarbon is methane.
NOVELTY - Ultrasonic wave is irradiated on carbon material, which is then made to occlude hydrogen.    USE - The occluded hydrogen is used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon material of large weight enables occlusion of hydrogen at more than the constant rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the hydrogen content in powder-like graphite nano-fiber by combustion method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A combustible gas containing more than 5% carbon monoxide is set alight using a combustion catalyst. The catalyst contains palladium oxide and platinum.    USE - For fuel cells mounted in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The gas is fired promptly and stably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the hydrogen supply system in a fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The reformer comprises a modification reactor (1) for producing reformed gas, a heat exchanger (2) for cooling the reformed gas, a water gas shifter (3) for reducing carbon monoxide and a reformed gas flow path (21) provided adjacent to the heat exchanger. The reformed gas flow path has container body (4), a cooling medium flow path and a supported catalyst.    USE - For producing hydrogen used as fuel in fuel cell system for fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer has miniaturized water gas shifter and maintains favorable catalyst property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer comprises a modification reactor (1) for producing reformed gas, heat exchanger (2) for cooling the reformed gas, water gas shifter (3) for reducing carbon monoxide and reformed gas flow path (21) provided adjacent to the heat exchanger. The reformed gas flow path circulates reformed gas in a container (4) and cools in a cooling medium flow path. The inside of the reformed gas flow path has a shift catalyst support for catalyzing the water gas shift reaction. The reformer further has a selective oxidation reactor where carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is reacted with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the reformer and the heat exchanger which incorporates the water gas shifter. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification reactor (1)    heat exchanger (2)    water gas shifter (3)    container (4)    reformed gas flow path (21)
NOVELTY - A zigzag shaped cylindrical tube (17) is provided vertically between the tanks (16,18). The catalysts (20) and coolants (22) are circulated inside the tube. A hydrogen source or hydrogen content material is made to contact with the catalysts to vaporize the material. The coolant cools and liquefies the vaporized material to perform repeated dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction.    USE - For electric power station.    ADVANTAGE - The reaction efficiency of the hydrogenation or dehydrogenation reaction is increased reliably by maintaining the repeated vaporization and liquefaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of hydrogen generation and storage apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    tanks (16,18)    tube (17)    catalyst (20)    coolant (22)
NOVELTY - A fluid connection (12) is arranged between the oxygen feed line (5) provided downstream of the compressor to feed oxygen to the cathode (2.2), and the coolant tank (8) in the cooling circuit (10) that cools the fuel cell (1).    USE - Fuel cell system e.g. hydrogen fuel cell system for use in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the pressure difference between the coolant and the cathode pressure, and enables easy adjustment of the pressure variation. Eliminates the need for complicated and independent operation of the water pump to supply the required water pressure in the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Cathode (2.2)    Oxygen feed line (5)    Coolant tank (8)    Cooling circuit (10)    Fluid connection (12)
NOVELTY - A nanostructured electrode made of mesoporous semiconductive ceramic structure split by fissures into separate sections that are in electrical contact with an electrically conductive structure at one side.    USE - Electrochemical cell including electrodes, for electrochemical device (claimed) such as dye solar cells (DYSC), ion intercalation batteries, high capacity ultracapacitors, inflatable solar array, airborne electrochromic displays, used as structural wall of dirigible airship, blimp or flying wing.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids the need for forming precursor nanoparticles, and builds electrode with high adhesion precisely distributed porosity and high and homogeneous electronic conduction. Provides economical, safe and environmental friendly electrode manufacture that does not impede the mechanical flexibility and does not use fluid volatile electrolytes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrochemical device.
NOVELTY - Device for catalytically preparing a hydrogen-rich reformer gas comprises stages in the flow direction of the reformer gas consisting of a first stage for carrying out a water gas shift reaction (low temperature converter (18)), and a second stage having a controllable air feed (24) for carrying out the water gas shift reaction and selective carbon monoxide oxidation (combined gas purification stage (20)).    USE - Used for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The device is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for catalytically preparing a hydrogen-rich reformer gas using the above device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device.    High temperature converter (12)    Heat exchanger (16)    Combined gas purification stage (20)    Cooling cycle (22)    Air feed (24)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a dosing arrangement (6) for introducing a starting material (CH3OH) into a liquid (H2O) arranged between an separator (1) and a valve arrangement (4); and a further dosing arrangement (10) and a sensor (11) for the starting material arranged after the collection of all volume streams leaving the valve arrangement.    USE - Used in vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system can be easily produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    separator (1)    valve arrangement (4)    dosing arrangement (6)    guiding element (8)    storage tank (9)    further dosing arrangement (10)    sensor (11)    mixing chamber (12)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell consists of the allalinity ion exchange membrane, the anode, the cathode, the electric diffusion layer and the electric guide plate. The core part of the cell is the membrane electrode assembly composed of the base exchange resin, as well as the cathode (positive) and anode (negative), which contains the base exchange resin and the catalyst. The fuel cell utilzies the water solutionof the liquid organic substance as the fuel, and pure oxygen or air as the oxidant. Comparing with the existing fuel cell using the proton membrane, the invention can use non-noble metal and its oxideas well as other compounds, which are unstable in acid environment, as the catalyst. Moreover, the cathode drains off less water in the ivnented fuel cell so as to balance the water well in the invented fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A flue gas from a combustion chamber of a vessel and a process gas from a reformer tube in the combustion chamber, are used for transferring heat to water in an inner hollow cylindrical jacket of the vessel, so as to produce steam to be used for the steam reforming process.    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon mixed steam for producing hydrogen for fuel cell systems, also for use with other systems such as boilers for steam production, pre-heaters.    ADVANTAGE - By producing its own steam for use in the steam reforming process, consumption of energy is reduced. Recuperates unused hydrogen from the fuel cells and the steam reformer is made compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrocarbon mixed steam reformation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front elevational view of the hydrocarbon mixed steam reformer.
NOVELTY - A switch controller is operated to output electric power from solar cell to storage batteries or an inverter. A power controller regulates power discharged from batteries and inverter, based on high power demand period represented by a fluctuation curve of power demand.    USE - Photovoltaic power generation system with storage batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The system optimally reduces commercial power consumption at peak period of power demand, by using small capacity storage batteries and combining power discharged from batteries with photovoltaic power at the peak period of power demand.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the photovoltaic power generation system.
NOVELTY - The solar collector (100) has a three-dimensional array of substrate (102) with photovoltaic cells. The surfaces of the base layer of substrates, are oriented at an angle relative to the incident light, so as to reflect the received light to the substrates of the elevated-tier.    USE - Solar collector.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved efficiency, extended operating life and reduced manufacturing time/cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of the solar collector.    solar collector (100)    substrate (102)
NOVELTY - An electrode catalyst is produced by noble metal supporting, base metal supporting, heating, and alloying that further heats up a carbon carrier with a noble metal and a base metal after the reduction of the base metal at the specific temperature.    USE - For the production of an electrode catalyst, used for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The novel process provides a high performance electrode catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of an electrode catalyst involves noble metal supporting that makes a noble metal carried at a predetermined support density on a carbon carrier having a specific surface area of not smaller than a predetermined value; base metal supporting that makes a base metal carried at a specified support density on the carbon carrier with the noble metal; heating the carbon carrier with the noble metal and the base metal carried to a specific temperature that allows reduction of the base metal carried on the carbon carrier; and alloying that further heats up the carbon carrier with the noble metal and the base metal after the reduction of the base metal at the specific temperature to alloy the noble metal and the base metal on the carbon carrier.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) An evaluation method of performance of a fuel cell using an electrode catalyst, involving supply of a single-composition to a holder unit, in which the electrode catalyst used for the fuel cell is held, determining a quantity of the single-composition gas adsorbed by the electrode catalyst, and computing an output potential of the fuel cell from the determined quantity of the adsorbed single-composition;    (b) A manufacturing method of a fuel cell;    (c) An apparatus for producing an electrode catalyst; and    (d) An apparatus for evaluating performance of the fuel cell using an electrode catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart of the method of manufacturing a fuel cell stack, as above.
NOVELTY - A mold cavity (14) with a rim (51) surrounded by a movable ring (50), is loaded with molding material. A mold core (12) is pressed against the molding material to form a molded portion. The ring is lowered to eject the finished molded portion.    USE - For compression molding of a mixture of graphite and thermosetting resin for graphite plates e.g. graphite fuel cell electrode plate used in fuel cell industry.    ADVANTAGE - The molding material is filled to the upper surface of the movable ring, allowing the powdery molding material to be evenly distributed. Since the ring is lowered for ejection, the force needed to eject the molded portion is lessened.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the molding apparatus.    mold core (12)    mold cavity (14)    movable ring (50)    rim (51)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell is formed by providing graphite particles on the opposing surface (30) of the mass compression sheet (10) and treating the sheet with water resistant additive, so as to attain more hydrophobic property than untreated sheet to form treated sheet.    USE - For electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the weight of fuel cell, improves the solubility of organic expansion aid in intercalation solution. Enables free flow of fluid into and through smooth sided channels.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the fuel cell.    Mass compression sheet (10)    Opposing surfaces (30)
NOVELTY - A bipolar plate comprises a semi-conductive body having first face (14) to contact an anode of first fuel cell, and a second face (16) to contact a cathode of second fuel cell. The first comprises first flow channel (36) to confine fuel fluids and the second face comprises a second flow channel (38) to confine oxidizing fluids.    USE - The bipolar plate is for monitoring and relation information on range of parameters within the fuel cell stack such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, chemical composition, and voltage. It is also useful for reforming fuel fluids within the flow channels or conduits, pre-heating the fuel cells via heating fluids, pre-heating the fuel cell stack via resistive heating elements and cooling the fuel cells via cooling fluids.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive bipolar plate is made of material with heat capacity that is sufficiently small to promote rapid increase in the temperature when the bipolar plate is heated. It has narrow flow channels and conduits with complex flow paths, integral resistive heating elements, internal catalytic reforming capacity, waste fuel catalytic combustor, integral heat exchanging structure, flat and undistorted contact faces, integral sensors and internal recuperative heat exchanging capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making a bipolar plate for a fuel cell stack comprising providing a semi-conductive or conductive substrate having first face and second face, etching a first flow channel from the first face, and etching the second flow channel from the second face.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of simple bipolar plate.    First face (14)    Second face (16)    First flow channel (36)    Second flow channel (38)
NOVELTY - An amorphous film having a catalytic metal is deposited on a substrate and the formed amorphous film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Subsequently an electric field is applied to the amorphous film to crystallize the amorphous film.    USE - For crystallizing an amorphous film for a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (claimed), solar cells, image sensors etc.    ADVANTAGE - Crystallization of the amorphous silicon film is done in a very short time, thereby minimizing deformation of a large sized substrate, and copying with the trend of size increasing of the substrate with flexibility. The crystalline grains of the glass substrate have excellent properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalytic metal is nickel, and the amorphous film is formed of amorphous silicon.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fabrication of a liquid crystal display using a method for crystallizing the amorphous film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fabrication of the liquid crystal display.
NOVELTY - A solar cell module comprises a semiconductor crystal substrate (13); and a support body having a curved surface structure. The semiconductor crystal substrate is fixed in a bent state to the support body.    USE - As solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module has curved surface structure, which can convert solar radiation into electric power at high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a solar cell module comprising disposing a semiconductor crystal substrate between uncured resins; pressing the uncured resins with the semiconductor crystal substrate against a surface cover (11) having a curved surface structure; and heating the uncured resins for curing the resins to hold the semiconductor crystal substrate in a bent state and be bonded to the surface cover.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell module.    Surface cover (11)    Back cover (12)    Semiconductor crystal substrate (13)    Wires (14)    Transparent resin (16)
NOVELTY - A structure of a dual solar cell using a nano growth method is provided to form an absorbing layer adapted to solar spectrum by using an MBE(Molecular Beam Epitaxy) method and a short-period superlastic growth method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A p-type substrate is formed with a p-type contact layer and a GaAs or Ge substrate. A lower energy absorbing layer(13) is formed with a GaInP(p) BSF, a GaAs(p) base, a GaAs(n) emitter, and a GaInP(n) window. A GaInP(n) emitter(14) has a nano column structure of GaInP(p) BSF. A GaInP(n) base(15) has the nano column structure. An upper energy absorbing layer(11) is formed with an AlInP(n) window. The upper energy absorbing layer(11) is formed on a base and an emitter by using a short-period superlastic growth method.
NOVELTY - An electroconductive light reflecting film has a silver alloy layer (3) containing 0.1-10 atomic% of aluminum, laminated on a substrate (1).    USE - Used in solar cells (claimed), such as silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive film has improved closing-like effect at film forming temperature. The film enables formation of solar cell with improved transformation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The layer containing silver (2) is laminated on a silver alloy layer.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for;    (1) Formation of electroconductive light reflecting film; and    (2) Solar cell comprising electroconductive light reflecting film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of electroconductive light reflecting film, as above. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (1)    silver layer (2)    silver alloy layer (3)
NOVELTY - Sensors (31,33) installed in inlet and exit of reformation device (5), sense flow amount of heating gas and reformed gas respectively, which is stored as time series signal. A calculator (39) calculates response characteristics of change of state of reformed gas with respect to change of heating gas, based on stored signal, and accordingly the amount by which the heating gas was reformed is calculated.    USE - For estimating reaction of fuel reformer generating hydrogen-rich reformed gas which is supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Estimates amount of reformed gas stably, without influence of difference in catalyst property and time-dependent deterioration. The reaction rate of the heating gas is estimated, correctly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.    Reformation device (5)    Sensors (31,33)    Calculator (39)
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer comprises a vacuum vessel (11), a modifier (12) containing modification catalyst which modifies heating gas to reformed gas (17), carbon monoxide transformer (21), evaporator (19) arranged at the top of the modifier and several thin plates (23) which are arranged parallely to the inner peripheral wall of the vessel.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen gas for fuel cell power generating devices.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer is made compact without increasing the starting time of reformer and responsive reduction. The reformer reduces the manufacturing cost, installation space and piping amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer comprises a vacuum vessel, a modifier containing modification catalyst which modifies heating gas to reformed gas, carbon monoxide transformer, evaporator arranged at the top of the modifier and several thin plates. The modifier is arranged downwardly and the transformer contains carbon monoxide modification catalyst which modifies the carbon monoxide gas contained in the reformed gas to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide. The plates are arranged parallely to the inner peripheral wall of the vessel such that the modifier, transformer and evaporator are enclosed within the vessel whose inside is in vacuum state.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the general view of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vacuum vessel (11)    modifier (12)    reformed gas (17)    evaporator (19)    carbon monoxide transformer (21)    thin plate (23)
NOVELTY - A patterned metal microparticle holding layer (4) has one surface coated with electroconductive oxide or metal, so that adjoining metal particles of particle size of about 100 nm or less are cross-linked with the coated metal.    USE - Used for transparent electrodes of solar cells and also for electromagnetic wave shielding films of display devices including electroluminescence (EL) displays, plasma display panels (PDP) and cathode ray tubes (CRT).    ADVANTAGE - The film has good electroconductivity, transparency and visibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for transparent film manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the transparent electrically conductive film.    Metal microparticle holding layer (4)
NOVELTY - The apparatus generates plasma by supplying high frequency voltage to the divided electrodes are arranged with predetermined intervals in between, in a processing chamber. The space between the electrodes is adjusted based on requirement.    USE - For forming thin film (claimed) on substrate (claimed) for manufacturing semiconductor device (claimed), liquid crystal display (LCD) and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The film thickness and etching speed are improved by controlling space between the divided electrodes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) plasma processing method;    (2) thin film produced using plasma;    (3) substrate; and    (4) semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the plasma processing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A light source (2) and several photo transistors (3) are arranged opposite to each other across the surface of the substrate (X) which is moved along the conveyance path (6), so as to measure the thickness of the transparent film (Xf) formed on the substrate.    USE - For measuring thickness of transparent film in film formation apparatus (claimed) e.g. plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus, sputtering apparatus, ion plating apparatus, heat CVD apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor device such as amorphous silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thickness of the film on the substrate is measured easily and quickly by using simple arrangement. The substrate is inspected accurately, thereby improving operability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for film formation apparatus equipped with transparent film thickness measuring device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the transparent film thickness measuring device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Light source (2)    Photo transistors (3)    Conveyance path (6)    Substrate (X)    Transparent film (Xf)
NOVELTY - A high frequency electrode (20) with a dielectric (6), is placed in a reaction container (4). The high frequency electrode includes the small electrodes (21-24) to which respective different voltages are applied. The distribution of the electric field applied to the high frequency electrode is controlled, by moving the dielectric with respect to the small electrodes, using a raising-lowering mechanism (7).    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor device e.g. liquid crystal display (LCD), solar cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Optimal processing effect e.g. film thickness uniformity is easily obtained, by controlling the plasma generated excessively, since the electric field applied to the high frequency electrode is controlled, by moving the dielectric with respect to the small electrodes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for plasma processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus.    reaction container (4)    dielectric (6)    raising-lowering mechanism (7)    high frequency electrode (20)    small electrodes (21-24)
NOVELTY - A heating apparatus comprises a thin-film heater (97) interposed between a micro-flow path formed on an inner substrate (92) and a U-shaped cavity (94). A modification catalyst (96) is provided on the inner face of the micro flow path and the U-shaped cavity (94) is provided surrounding the micro-flow path.    USE - Used as a heating apparatus used for heating modification raw material in a fuel-cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The heat energy produced from the heater is efficiently used for heating modification raw material, and thus the heat loss energy is suppressed, improving the utilization efficiency of energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a modifier; and    (2) a fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the micro modification reaction device.    Substrate (92)    Cavity (94)    Micro-flow path (95)    Modification catalyst (96)    Thin-film heater (97)
NOVELTY - A glass substrate (12) with conductive layer (11) is connected to a cathode (7a) of electric power unit (7), while an electrode (3) is connected to its anode (7c). The substrate of electrode is immersed in platinum solution (2) at zero potential. A potential in the range of -0.2 to -0.85 volts is applied to the layer (11) such that the dispersed fine platinum particles get collected in surface of conductive layer.    USE - Pigment sensitizing-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Restrains scattering of platinum solution during spray time so ensuring property of counter electrode. The consumption of expensive platinum material is restrained so the counter electrode can be manufactured at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pigment sensitizing-type solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the electroplating for counter electrode manufacture.    Platinum solution (2)    Electrode (3)    Electric power unit (7)    Cathode (7a)    Anode (7c)    Conductive layer (11)    Glass substrate (12)
NOVELTY - The sintered density, maximum density difference in the flat surface direction and the number of average porosities of the sintered compact, are respectively 7.10 g/cm3 or more, below 0.03 g/cm3 and below 800-piece /mm2.    USE - For indium tin oxide (ITO) sputtering target (claimed) also for use as transparent electrode in solar cells, display device such as liquid crystal display device, touch panel and EL display device.    ADVANTAGE - Improves film forming speed and prevents nodule generation effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) ITO sintered compact manufacturing method; and    (2) ITO sputtering target.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the sintering furnace.
NOVELTY - The reactor has a coated catalyst (12) through which a product (18) can flow. A feed unit (14) passes a reagent flow (20) and includes an adjuster moving relative to the catalyst. This varies the area passing reagent flow in the catalyst.    USE - Continuous flow catalytic reactor, for preparing a hydrogen-rich gas for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Movement of the adjuster and the heat exchanger provides settings suitable for the current flow rates, operating temperatures and degree of product conversion. The rate of reagent supply can be matched with the rate of reaction to a given product composition, under conditions ruling in the reactor. Fine control of carbon dioxide levels in the gas fed to the fuel cell is achieved at lower cost. The cylindrical arrangement is particularly compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the corresponding method of supplying reagents into a continuous reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic perspective view of the reactor.    coated catalyst (12)    feed unit (14)    heat exchanger (16)    product (18)    reagent flow (20)    feed pipe (22)    perforated inner casing (24)
NOVELTY - A coolant concentrate composition for cooling systems, where low electrical conductivity is required, comprises a mixture of carboxylic acids or their salts.    USE - Cooling system for fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition has good corrosion inhibiting properties and low electrical conductivities.
NOVELTY - A selective oxidizer assembly has a catalyst bed comprising selective oxidation catalyst on metal foam support for converting feed gas and oxygen to a process gas. The assembly also includes an inlet for directing feed gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the assembly; an injector for supplying gas stream containing oxygen to the assembly; and a process gas outlet.    USE - Selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide in hydrogen-containing gas mixture into carbon dioxide (claimed), especially for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidizer assembly is compact and less complex, and can operate without the need for heat exchangers. It also operates at a lower pressure and has an increased thermal response compared to conventional pelletized beds.
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises a metal carrier (10); an adhesive layer (20) formed on the metal carrier; and catalyst layer (30) formed on the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer contains crystalline silicate and silica.    USE - Catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide, for an in-vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has improved adhesion between the metal carrier and the catalyst layer, and is manufactured inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing the catalyst by forming an adhesive layer by coating a first slurry containing crystalline silicate and silica on a metal carrier containing aluminum; and forming a catalyst layer by coating a second slurry containing a metal catalyst on the adhesive layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the catalyst structure.    Metal carrier (10)    Adhesive layer (20)    Catalyst layer (30)
NOVELTY - A gas generation system comprises a reformer (1) to generate a reformate stream (4), a cooler (2), and a shift stage (3). The surfaces of the cooler that come into contact with the reformate stream are coated with a cooler coating that is soot-inhibiting and is catalytically active with respect to the water-gas shift reaction.    USE - The system is used for, e.g. fuel-cell-powered motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The invention offers consistent high performance and reliability over its entire lifetime, and has a more compact design.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas generation system comprises a reformer to generate a reformate stream, a cooler downstream of the reformer to cool the reformate stream, and a shift stage downstream of the cooler to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration in the reformate stream. The surfaces of the cooler that come into contact with the reformate stream are coated with a cooler coating that is soot-inhibiting and is catalytically active with respect to the water-gas shift reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram for the reforming of carbon-containing fuels with gas purification and reformate stream cooling.    Reformer (1)    Cooler (2)    Shift stage (3)    Reformate stream (4)
NOVELTY - A glass insulator (3) containing 1 to 20 weight percentage (wt.%) of tin oxide, is filled between the P or N type crystalline silicon particles (2) which are deposited on an aluminum substrate (1). A N or P type semiconductor region is formed on the silicon particle layer.    USE - In optical sensor and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The tin oxide prevents occurrence of cracking in the insulator and crystalline semiconductor particles. Prevents defects such as bubbling and abnormal deposition. Forms a good insulator with stable reliability and thus provides a photoelectric conversion device with high reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) glass composition for coating silicon;    (2) insulating coating;    (3) insulating coating formation method; and    (4) semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline view of the photoelectric conversion device.    aluminum substrate (1)    crystalline silicon particles (2)    glass insulator (3)
NOVELTY - An electrical power generator comprises: a water vapor generator (12); a hydrogen gas generator (14) attached to the water vapor generator via a conduit(s), and containing a non-fluid substance which reacts with water vapor to generate hydrogen gas; and a fuel cell (16) optionally attached to the hydrogen gas generator via a conduit(s) (18).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The generator prevents caking of the non-fluid substance and deposition of byproducts to the non-fluid substance that interfere with continued generation of hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for generating hydrogen gas for fueling a fuel cell comprising: directing water vapor from a water vapor generator to a hydrogen generator; and directing hydrogen gas and any residual water vapor from the hydrogen generator to a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the electrical power generator.    Water vapor generator (12)    Hydrogen gas generator (14)    Fuel cell (16)    Conduit (18)    Return line (20)    Pump (22)    Porous plugs (24)
NOVELTY - A flat-plate shaped generator including a proton conductor film between the fuel side and oxygen side electrodes, is placed inside a flat-plate shaped housing having an opening. A motor driven rotator arranged inside the housing, induces air flow in the housing.    USE - For function card (claimed) inserted into notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE - The rotator induces air flow on the oxygen side electrode, hence moisture remaining on the oxygen side electrode is removed efficiently. The rotator is placed in the same plane or plane that is parallel to the plane of the generator, hence flow of air is induced easily without the need for a large space, thereby ensuring portability of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) power supply method;    (2) function card;    (3) fuel supply mechanism;    (4) generator; and    (5) generator production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the fuel cell card.
NOVELTY - A ternary metal alloy composition comprises platinum, ruthenium, and nickel.    USE - The composition is used as catalyst for electrochemical reactor devices, e.g. fuel electrode or fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition has high resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning, thus improving the efficiency of the fuel cell, decreasing the size of a fuel cell, and reducing the operating cost of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a fuel cell electrode comprising the above ternary composition dispersed on a surface of conductive support;    (b) a fuel cell comprising anode (2), cathode (3), a proton exchange membrane (1), and an electrocatalyst comprising the above metal alloy composition; and    (c) a method for electrochemical conversion of a hydrocarbon-based fuel and oxygen to water and carbon dioxide, by contacting the hydrocarbon-based fuel with the above ternary metal alloy catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic structural view of methanol fuel cell membrane.    Membrane (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)
NOVELTY - The method of reducing resistance for a conductive film made of metal oxide and formed on a base material, involves irradiating ultraviolet light on the film in vacuum or in reducing gas atmosphere at 25-300 degrees C.    USE - For transparent electrodes in liquid crystal display element, plasma emission display elements, solar cells or optical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The method is preformed at low temperature, with shorter process time and smaller equipment. The conductive film obtained exhibits lower resistance and small light absorption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) laminated material; and    (2) substrate for device comprising laminated material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram for an example of an annealing apparatus used for reducing resistance.
NOVELTY - The modification processing portion (3) of heating unit heats the apparatus. The portion (3) makes the modification process gas to modify the original heating gas of hydrocarbon group, by adjusting the heating capability of portion (3). The temperature maintenance unit maintains the temperature of portion (3) more than the processing temperature setting value which is adjusted based on processing load.    USE - For hydrogen containing gas production apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The operation method utilizes an apparatus having a simple structure. The method maintains high thermal efficiency even when processing load fluctuates . The method prevents reduction of temperature less than the temperature setting value of each processing portion, and maintains each processing portion at appropriate temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modification processing portion (3) of heating unit heats the apparatus. The modification processing portion performing modification process makes the modification process gas to modify the original heating gas of hydrocarbon group, by adjusting the heating capability of modification processing portion. The modification process gas contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide with water vapor. The temperature maintenance unit equipped in the hydrogen containing gas production apparatus, maintains the modification processing temperature more than the modification processing temperature setting value. The setting value is adjusted based on the processing load to operate the hydrogen containing gas production apparatus. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen containing gas production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of hydrogen containing gas production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification processing portion (3)
NOVELTY - The reaction tank (30) is used for reacting carbon dioxide and water vapor with carbon at 650degreesC or more to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen.    USE - For fuel manufacturing system (claimed) used in generating fuel for motor vehicles, boilers and fuel cells, from waste gas.    ADVANTAGE - Since the carbon dioxide in the waste gas is not ejected to atmosphere directly, environmental pollution is prevented. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the waste gas are utilized for manufacture of methanol and methane effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel manufacturing system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction tank (30)
NOVELTY - Film having island-sea structure containing fluororesin fiber and fluororesin useful as support of electrolyte of primary battery or as ion exchanging film for electrolysis    USE - The film is useful as electrolyte film of fuel cell, support medium for electrolyte of lithium primary battery, lithium secondary battery and ion exchange film for electrolysis.    ADVANTAGE - The film reduces electric conductivity and improves mechanical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Film having island-sea structure containing island component of fluororesin fiber and sea component of fluororesin of formula (1).    m, n = integer greater than 1    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the film useful as electrolyte film of fuel cell, support medium for electrolyte of lithium primary battery, lithium secondary battery and ion exchange film for electrolysis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows cross-sectional view of electrolytic film.    electrolytic film; (1)    ethylene-tetrafluoro-ethylene copolymer web; (3)    Nafion (5)
NOVELTY - A micelle of star-shaped polymer containing porphyrin has amphipathic polymer as arm, and a star-shaped polymer with (metallo)porphyrin having self-association property in hydrophilic solvent as its central skeleton.    USE - For cosmetics, cancer treatment agent, medical diagnostic agent, photocatalyst, microphone reactor, optoelectric transducer, nonlinear material, solar cell, gas sensor and DNA sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The micelle of star-shaped polymer containing porphyrin has optical property and catalytic function.
NOVELTY - Production of electrically conducting nitride layers on chromium-containing metal alloys comprises converting the natural electrically non-conducting Cr2O3-passivating layer of the chromium-containing alloy into an electrically conducting chromium nitride layer in a plasma-chemical reaction using radicals produced in nitrogen-containing high pressure plasmas.    USE - Used in the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The metal alloy is an alloy based on iron, nickel or cobalt. The radicals are made from atomic nitrogen or amino radicals, especially NH2. The nitrogen-containing high pressure plasma is produced from a plasma gas containing nitrogen-hydrogen mixtures, ammonia, hydrazine or their mixtures. Further layers are applied on the chromium nitride layer using high pressure plasma deposition processes.
NOVELTY - Polycrystalline plate-like silicon has crystal grain boundary lines on the plate-like silicon surface, and at least one of these forms a linear crystal grain boundary line.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive high-performance silicon plate having such a feature can be produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a solar cell obtained by forming electrodes on a plate-like silicon; and    (2) the manufacture of a plate-like silicon where the plate-like silicon is formed on a base plate of below the silicon melting temperature by solidification from a melt silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a plate-like silicon having a linear crystal grain boundary line.    Linear crystal grain boundary line (1)    Grain boundary line (2)    Crystal particles (S)
NOVELTY - A cadmium-telluride/cadmium sulfide thin film solar cells is produced by sequentially depositing a transparent conductive oxide, cadmium sulfide film, and cadmium telluride film on a substrate; and treating the cadmium telluride film with cadmium chloride by forming cadmium chloride layer on cadmium-telluride film, and annealing the cadmium chloride layer at specified condition.    USE - The process is for the large-scale production of CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The treatment of the CdTe film with CdCl2 eliminates the need for etching treatment while allowing the process to be carried out continuously. The inventive method thus provides CdTe/CdS film solar cells on a low cost substrate. The TCO film deposition is conducted in such a way that a film of very low resistivity can be deposited without formation of any metal noodles on the target, while allowing the use of an inexpensive substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of cadmium-telluride/cadmium sulfide (CdTe/CdS) thin film solar cells involves sequentially depositing a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film, cadmium sulfide (CdS) film, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) film on a substrate; and treating the CdTe film with cadmium chloride (CdCl2); and depositing a back-contact film on the treated CdTe film. The treatment of CdTe film with CdCl2 involves forming a CdCl2 on the CdTe film by evaporation, while keeping the substrate at room temperature; annealing the CdCl2 layer in a vacuum chamber at 380-420degreesC and 300-1000 mbar under inert atmosphere; and removing the inert gas from the chamber to produce vacuum condition, while the substrate is kept at 350-420degreesC to evaporate the residual CdCl2 from the CdTe film surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of film sequence of the CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells.
NOVELTY - A water gas shift reactor (5) generates hydrogen and carbon dioxide, from water vapor and carbon monoxide in gas produced from the reformer (2). Hydrogen generated in the water gas shift reactor removes oxygen contained in air from exterior, which is supplied into water gas shift reactor is removed by the hydrogen.    USE - For reforming hydrocarbons and alcohol in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The deterioration of the water gas shift catalyst due to oxidation is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Reformer (2)    Water gas shift reactor (5)
NOVELTY - A solar battery is manufactured by: (1) forming a lower electrode (102), an upper electrode, and a semiconductor layer (103) on an insulating substrate (101) by laminating; (2) forming a protective film on a substrate of the semiconductor layer; (3) forming an opening portion at the semiconductor layer, or the semiconductor layer and the lower electrode by laser beam process; and (4) removing the protective film.    USE - The manufacture of a device, preferably a solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The device prevents a decrease of characteristics of the solar battery and production yield caused by particles of powder condition generated by a laser beam process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a step in a solar battery forming process.    Substrate (101)    Lower electrode (102)    Semiconductor layer (103)
NOVELTY - A molded fuel cell end plate (10) is fabricated from a long fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin composite comprising a thermoplastic resin, and at least 30 wt.% long strand glass fiber at least 5 mm in length.    USE - For fabricating a molded fuel cell end plate for fuel cell endplate assembly (claimed) used for fuel cell, i.e. an electrochemical energy conversion device.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a strength and dimensional stability of thin dimensions, can be easily produced, and is resistant to corrosion by fuel, oxidant gas and coolant. It eliminates metal supporting members and headers, and separate compression plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic of a fuel cell stack.    End plate (10)
NOVELTY - The electrode comprises mixture of cellulose and titanium oxide microparticles.    USE - Electrode for pigment sensitizing type solar cell and optoelectric transducer.    ADVANTAGE - By mixing cellulose and titanium oxide microparticle, the generation of crack in the electrode is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrode production method.
NOVELTY - The photosensitization type solar cell comprises n-type semiconductor electrode containing pigment on the surface and an opposing substrate having an electrically conductive film. An electrolyte composition layer contains a fused salt of iodine, iodine ion and an organic compound substituted by a halogen atom. The layer transports the charge between the conductive film and the electrode which are clamped.    USE - As photosensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photosensitization type solar cell has high energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photosensitization type solar cell comprises n-type semiconductor electrode (4) containing pigment on the surface and an opposing substrate (5) having an electrically conductive film (6). The substrate and the electrodes are spaced apart. An electrolyte composition layer (10) contains a fused salt of iodine, iodine ion and an organic compound substituted by a halogen atom. The layer transports the charge between the conductive film and the electrode which are clamped. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of photosensitization type solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of photosensitization type solar cell.    semiconductor electrode (4)    opposing substrate (5)    electrically conductive film (6)    electrolyte composition layer (10)
NOVELTY - The aerosol formed by mixing microparticle and carrier gas is sprayed on support surface and microparticle is deposited on support surface. The deposited microparticle is an inorganic particle which supports the functional molecule.    USE - For solar cell, photosensor, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The manufactured functional film enables to produce easily and efficiently an optical semiconductor electrode having high photoelectric conversion efficiency .    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inorganic microparticle is semiconductor microparticle or metallic microparticle. The functional molecule is sensitizing dye. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) functional film;    (b) optical semiconductor electrode; and    (c) optoelectric transducer.
NOVELTY - Metallic silicon (11) and chlorine gas reacts to produce silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) (12). Subsequently, gaseous zinc reducing process carries out gas-gas contact of highly pure (SiCl4) and metal zinc (14) vaporized at 900-1200degreesC in furnace interior to produce highly pure silicon (18). The molar ratio of zinc and (SiCl4) is 0.49-0.1. Surplus amount of zinc is added to prevent reversible reaction.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacturing method produces highly pure, fine polycrystalline silicon. The manufacturing method has excellent reaction efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metallic silicon and chlorine gas are reacted to produce silicon tetrachloride. Subsequently, gaseous zinc reducing process carries out gas-gas contact of highly pure silicone tetrachloride purified by rectification and metal zinc vaporized at 900-1200degreesC, in the reaction furnace interior, to produce highly pure silicon. The molar ratio of zinc and silica tetrachloride added to the furnace interior is 0.49-0.1. Surplus amount zinc is added to prevent the reversible reaction of silicon tetrachloride, which otherwise returns to silicon dichloride via silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a rotary kiln system producing grain-shape polycrystalline silica. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    metallic silicon (11)    silicon tetrachloride (12)    zinc (14)    silicon (18)
NOVELTY - Production of solar cells comprises producing a layer containing silicon containing hydrogen in the form of a passivation and/or antireflection layer on a substrate containing silicon, e.g. a plate or a foil. One or more catalytically active doping substances having a specified concentration are introduced during formation of the silicon-containing layer.    USE - Used for producing solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is cost-effective and has good reproducibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - One or more catalytically active doping substances having a concentration C with 1 x 10 to the power 14 per cm cubed at most C at most 1 x 10 to the power 21 per cm cubed are introduced during formation of the silicon-containing layer in the form of SiNxOy with 0 less than x approximately 1.5 and 0 at most y at most 2.    Preferred Features: The doping substance is molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, platinum, rhenium, carbon, or their compounds. The silicon-containing substrate has a microcrystalline, amorphous or multicrystalline crystal structure.
NOVELTY - Providing photovoltaic device which overcomes the drawbacks of prior art especially one having increased stability and decreasing energy potential losses on interfaces between layers of such devices.    USE - As solar cell e.g. solid state hybrid solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic device has increased stability and decreased energy potential losses. The titanium dioxide shielding reduces the recombination on one side. Due to the porosity of a semiconductor oxide layer material, the surface area is increased which allows for bigger amount of sensitizing dye to be immobilized on the semiconductor oxide layer and thus for an increased performance of the device. The rough surface allows the trapping of light which is reflected from the surface and directed to neighboring surface which in turn increases the yield of the light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photovoltaic device has at least one layer comprising evaporated fluoride and/or acetate.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fabrication of photovoltaic device having a solid conjugated semiconductor, which involves evaporating at least one layer containing fluoride and/or acetate on at least one layer of the device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a basic design of a photovoltaic device.
NOVELTY - Etching passivating and antireflection layers made from silicon nitride on solar cells comprises applying a phosphoric acid and/or etching medium containing a salt of phosphoric acid on the whole surface of or selectively on the surface regions to be etched.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells having two stage emitters (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The silicon substrate provided with the etching medium is heated on the whole surface or locally to 250-350 degrees C for 30-120 s and optionally heated for 20-40 minutes to more than 800, especially 800-1050 degrees C with additional n++ doping.
NOVELTY - Heat exchanger contains structural part having a fluorinated layer on surface layer.    USE - The heat exchange is used in watery surroundings, steam surroundings or fuel battery gas surroundings.    ADVANTAGE - The heat exchange has improved resistance to corrosion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) a fluorination treatment method comprising heating the structural part in atmosphere containing fluorination treatment gas to form a fluorinated layer, and (2) preparation of the heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the heat exchanger (1) Base material (2) Intermediate layer (10) Fluoride layer
NOVELTY - Process for increasing the efficiency of and reducing exhaust gases in fuel cell systems comprises increasing the oxygen amount of the air introduced for fuel cells operating with atmospheric oxygen on the cathode side and/or the hydrogen amount of the fuel gas for fuel cells operating with hydrocarbons on the anode side, using a gas enriching process coupled to a reforming process using a high temperature fuel cell.    USE - Especially for producing energy and for water generating systems based on fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reforming process uses a high temperature fuel cell (3), in which reaction gases (hydrogen, hydrocarbons, water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) are removed and re-used. The hydrogen is fed to one or more low temperature fuel cells (4) and water and hydrocarbons are condensed out and re-introduced to the reforming process. The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are fed to an exhaust gas catalyst (14).    Preferred Features: Hydrogen obtained by the internal reformer process of a high temperature fuel cell is cooled to less than 80 degrees C and is removed using a molecular sieve and fed to one or more low temperature fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    high temperature fuel cell (3)    low temperature fuel cells (4)    exhaust gas catalyst (14)
NOVELTY - Proposed hydrogen-oxygen (air) fuel cell has hydraulic-diffusion water-repelling electrodes and electrolyte chamber holding liquid alkali electrolyte and separator disposed between mentioned electrodes. Separator is gas-tight device that functions to divide electrolyte chamber into two parts in plane parallel to electrodes. Mentioned parts may be equal in size or part abutting against hydrogen electrode may be greater than that abutting against oxygen (air) one, or chamber part abutting against oxygen (air) electrode may be greater than that abutting hydrogen electrode. Separator may be made of porous water-repelling material or of ion-exchange material conducting OH ions; vertical ribs are provided on opposite ends of separator where they are arranged in opposition. Separator porosity may be higher than that of electrodes. Another subject of invention is generator incorporating battery of at least two above-described fuel cells with water-repelling electrodes, liquid alkali electrolyte, and pipeline for draining diluted electrolyte, as well as chemical agent supply and blowdown systems, and makeup tank holding concentrated electrolyte. Generator may be provided with tank communicating with diluted-electrolyte drain pipeline.    USE - Electrical engineering; generators built around fuel cells with hydraulic-diffusion water-repelling electrodes and liquid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Ability of generator operation under electrolyte dilution conditions without noticeable degradation of its power characteristics. 10 cl, 2 dwg
NOVELTY - The apparatus removes the zinc mixed with the silicon tetrachloride by performing zinc reduction process in a reaction furnace. The precipitated high-purity silicon adhering to the internal wall of the furnace is removed by applying a release material to the internal wall of furnace.    USE - For manufacturing high-purity silicon for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the silicon quality while reducing the manufacturing cost and time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for high-purity silicon manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The reformer which produces hydrogen from reformed raw material gas has a modification-reaction portion (1), a water gas shift portion (2) and a cooling unit (5). A reformed gas containing hydrogen is produced from the downstream side of portion (1) by modification reaction of the reformed raw material gas. Carbon monoxide present in the reformed gas is decreased by water gas shift reaction in portion (2).    USE - For producing hydrogen used as fuel in fuel cell systems of fuel cell electric vehicles, from reformed raw material gas.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is small, highly efficient and practical. The water gas shift portion has a simple structure and reduced size. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is maintained below a predetermined value by the use of a shift catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer which produces hydrogen from reformed raw material gas has a modification-reaction portion (1), a water gas shift portion (2) and a cooling unit (5). A reformed gas containing hydrogen is produced from the downstream side of portion (1) by modification reaction of the reformed raw material gas. The concentration of carbon monoxide present in the reformed gas is decreased by water gas shift reaction in portion (2). The water gas shift portion holds a shift catalyst, and water gas shift reaction of the reformed gas occurs in a container (21) having the gas shift portion (2). A cooling unit is provided in the intermediate portion of the shift catalyst, along the gas flow direction for reducing the gas temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show entire-schematic block diagram of a reformer, axial sectional view of water gas shift portion and radial-direction sectional drawing of heat exchanger. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification-reaction portion (1)    water gas shift portion (2)    cooling unit (5)    container (21)
NOVELTY - The metal powder adhering to inner surface of pipe end, is dissolved in cleaning process.    USE - For fuel cells e.g. solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of harmful metal ion which exerts trouble on catalytic reaction is prevented, by removing metal powder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for piping manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram explaining the processes involved in manufacture of piping. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The electrolyte liquid composition comprises 1-methyl-3-alkyl imidazolium iodide with 7 or less total carbon number and an iodine. 70 mol% or more of cation of composition is 1-methyl-3-alkyl imidazolium ion and 30 mol% or more of anion is iodide ion.    USE - For optoelectric transducer (used for photosensor, copier and 9522 photovoltaic apparatus) and photoelectric cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte liquid composition has outstanding photoelectric conversion efficiency, ionic conductivity and durability. The composition is highly excellent in charge transportability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anion is selected from the group consisting of a tetrafluoroborate ion, a thiocyanate ion and trifluoroacetic acid ion. The electrolyte liquid composition further contains pyridine or a pyridine derivative, and lithium ion. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer; and    (2) photoelectric cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the structure of the optoelectric transducer.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of microparticle dispersion sol involves adding a basic solution to a metallic salt solution, separating precipitate of metal hydroxide from the reaction solution, dispersing the metal hydroxide into a hydrogen peroxide solution and heat processing the resulting solution to form microparticle of metallic oxide and/or metal peroxide.    USE - For manufacture of microparticle dispersion sol for manufacture of microparticle powder (claimed) as highly active photocatalyst, antimicrobial material, pigment sensitizing solar cell, ceramic raw material and superconducting material.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method of the dispersion sol is simple and forms a stable uniform dispersion without any dispersant. The dispersion sol containing the zinc oxide has excellent deodorizing ability, and antibacterial and antimold properties and also exhibits a high photocatalytic activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) microparticle dispersion sol; and    (2) microparticle powder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the synthesis of zinc oxide and zinc peroxide microparticle dispersion sol. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An electrolytic hydrogen generator (1) removes the hydrogen and oxygen from the supply water using the energy supplied from the renewable source, such as a solar cell (9). A gas tank (2) stores the removed gas, for supply to the fuel cell (3).    USE - For electrically-powered vehicle, motor vehicle, aircraft, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The resources of the energy supply system are used effectively, and the cost of the system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above heat energy supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolytic hydrogen generator (1)    Gas tank (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Solar cell (9)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-permeation film (2) made of palladium or platinum alloy is formed on specific surface of a porous support (4), after which stopgap material (7) in the porous support is removed.    USE - Hydrogen-permeation film unit.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen-permeation film of minimum thickness and with improved hydrogen permeability is formed easily and cheaply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of hydrogen-permeation film unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded view of hydrogen-permeation film unit.    Hydrogen-permeation unit (2)    Porous support (4)    Stopgap material (7)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for air electrode is a composite oxide of managnese: MnO2-Mn3O4/Mn2O3, where MnO2 is primary catalyst and Mn3O4 or Mn2O3 is co-catalyst. It is prepared through a adding Mn3O4 or Mn2O3 powder to carbon powder as carrier, adsorbing solution of manganese nitrate by carrier, and thermal decomposing to obtain MnO2. Its advantages are high catalytic activity and low cost.
NOVELTY - Hollow fibers, especially nanotubes or microtubes, have an outer diameter of maximum 1 mm which varies in the longitudinal direction.    USE - Used as a solar cell element, as an emitter and/or receiver or as a base material for growing cells, especially nerve cells, outside and/or inside a human and/or animal body (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fibers are effective.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a solar cell.    intermediate layer (5)    electrodes (4, 6)
NOVELTY - Providing gaseous hydrogen to end users comprises: (a) providing storage tanks (11) containing carbon nanotubes; (b) introducing a volume of hydrogen into each tank, the hydrogen being absorbed into the nanotubes; and (c) connecting the storage tanks to end user systems and selectively releasing the hydrogen as gas.    USE - Storing and retrieving hydrogen used e.g. in fuel cells to produce electrical current for providing electricity for consumer use and for powering motors used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Permits normal handling of hydrogen storage tanks. Facilitates storage and release of hydrogen at specific rate and thereby restrains danger of accumulation and ignition of vented hydrogen. Ensures reliable charging of hydrogen tanks and retrieving depleted tanks for refurbishment and recharging.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the gaseous hydrogen storage tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of the sub-systems of an end user installation of the storage tank.    hydrogen storage tanks (11)
NOVELTY - A polymer comprising vinylidene fluoride monomer units and 0.5-50 mol% of perfluoroalkenyl monomer with a pendant group of specific formula, is contacted with an excess of ammonium carbonate solution for sufficient time to obtain a desired degree of conversion to the ammonium sulfonate form of the polymer, thereby forming an ammonium ionomer.    USE - For electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors and modified electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the efficient production of ionomers in the form of thin films or sheets. Many ionomers such as silver, copper and cuprous sulfonate ionomers can be prepared by ion exchange of the ammonium sulfonate form of polymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer comprising vinylidene fluoride monomer units and 0.5-50 mol % of a perfluoroalkenyl monomer with a pendant group of formula (I) is contacted with an excess of ammonium carbonate solution for sufficient time to obtain a desired degree of conversion to the ammonium sulfonate form of the polymer, thereby forming an ammonium ionomer.    -(O-CF2CFR)a O-CF2(CFR')b SO2F (I)    R and R' = F,Cl or perfluorinated 1-10C alkyl group;    a = 0-2; and    b = 0-6.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ionomer comprising vinylidene fluoride monomer units and 0.5-50 mol % of a perfluoroalkenyl monomer with a pendant group of formula (I).
NOVELTY - A catalyst selected from Group VIII metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum, is supported on a super strong acid carrier.    USE - Used for auto thermal reforming (ATR) apparatus that is used for hydrogen production unit of fuel cell system (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves oxidation stability, as the catalyst is excellent in stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) auto thermal reforming method;    (2) hydrogen production unit; and    (3) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a structure of a fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises platinum, palladium, ruthenium, gold, rhodium and/or iridium supported on support. The support consists of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and/or strontium oxide. The catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide selectively from the gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst selectively oxidizes even trace of carbon monoxide present in raw material gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The catalyst decreases the carbon monoxide concentration in the generated gas. Hence, the heating gas utilized for electrode of fuel cell, prevents poisoning of noble metal group catalyst and suppresses catalyst deterioration. The catalyst enables to maintain longevity life by increasing the electric power generation efficiency of fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method to oxidize selectively carbon monoxide; and    (2) fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The exchangers (302,304,306) mutually exchange the paths of reformed gas flowing through center section (310) and peripheral areas (320).    USE - For fuel cell system of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The center section of flow path has hot reformed gas which is transferred to the peripheral areas at the path exchangers. Hence equalized temperature distribution is realized in the reformed gas flow path.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) flow path exchange device; and    (2) gas mixing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the reformed gas flow path. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    flow path exchangers (302,304,306)    center section of flow path (310)    peripheral areas of flow path (320)
NOVELTY - A detector detects the approach of the vehicle towards a close-in place such as tunnel and a control unit controls the hydrogen gas purge of fuel cell system according to detection signal.    USE - Fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the heating gas purge control of the fuel cell electric vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the detector in the fuel cell electric vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The length of the vaporizer (10) from the central point of nozzle (1A) to the lower wall (11) is set smaller than that from central point to upper wall.    USE - For fuel cell of motor, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction in modification property is eliminated and hence deterioration of catalyst is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the modifier of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    nozzle (1A)    vaporizer (10)    lower wall (11)
NOVELTY - Thin plates (105) are formed on a dielectric window (104) in a microwave transmission structure (103) which is orthogonal to the direction of the electric field, so that a mean free path of the material gas is created.    USE - For forming semiconductor thin film e.g. amorphous silicon film and fine crystal silicon film on solar cell, photoconductive drum of copier, image sensor of facsimile and thin film transistor for liquid crystal display, by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD).    ADVANTAGE - A semiconductor thin film having outstanding uniformity and high quality can be formed, due to homogeneous generation of plasma. Deposition film does not adhere to dielectric window.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for semiconductor thin film formation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the semiconductor thin film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    microwave transmission structure (103)    dielectric window (104)    thin plates (105)
NOVELTY - Optoelectric transducer includes semiconductor layer produced from polycarboxylic acid or its salt, complex made from a metallic compound and the solution obtained by dissolving amino compound in the alcohol solution.    USE - For single-crystal-silicon solar cell, polycrystalline silicon solar cell, amorphous silicon solar cell, cadmium telluride solar cell, selenium-ized indium copper solar cell, etc., used as electric power unit for household appliances, remote places, portable electronic devices, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Optoelectric transducer with excellent photoelectric conversion property, is obtained.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen supply unit (30) has a discharge pipe (45) which opens a hydrogen packed tube (44) and a shut-off valve (46) for opening/closing the discharge pipe. A common pipe (41) which connects the hydrogen packed tube to a hydrogen storage apparatus (31) is opened/closed by a shut-off valve (42).    USE - For electrical vehicle and hybrid car.    ADVANTAGE - Since the valve opens/closes the hydrogen discharge pipe, the hydrogen filling opening of the hydrogen packed tube is prevented from the entry of foreign material such as air. Hence, anomalous reaction is prevented, and stable electricity power generation is achieved efficiently. Reduces the number of units used in the hydrogen supply unit. Hence, the manufacturing cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel-cell system control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel-cell system.    hydrogen supply unit (30)    hydrogen storage apparatus (31)    common pipe (41)    shut-off valves (42,46)    hydrogen packed tube (44)    discharge pipe (45)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen permeation film (2) contains Ta alloy as base material and the metallic element selected from the group consisting of Fe and Mo.    USE - For hydrogen modifier of reactor system.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacturing of film is made cheap and easy, since amount of Pd in hydrogen permeation film is reduced sharply. Provides a hydrogen permeation film with excellent hydrogen permeation property or hydrogen embrittlement proof property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the hydrogen permeation film.    Hydrogen permeation film (2)
NOVELTY - The lead wire consists of management leads (12a,12b) and branching leads (11a,11b) among which coating of polyethylene, polyimide (PI) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is provided only to management leads.    USE - Lead wire is used for electrical component (claimed) like solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The insulation coating prevents short circuit between the management and branch leads.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrical component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the half-finished product of the lead wire and the top view of the coating section of the lead wire.    Branching leads (11a,11b)    Management leads (12a,12b)
NOVELTY - Desulfurization of an organosulfur compound-containing liquid oil involves processing the liquid oil by using an oxidizing agent and contacting the processed liquid oil with an absorbent. The oxidizing agent is selected from hydrogen peroxide, carboxylic acid, acidic catalyst and acid.    USE - For producing hydrogen for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The sulfur content in the organosulfur compound-containing liquid oil is effectively reduced to 1 ppm or less. The absorbent and desulfurizing agent added during desulfurization have long life. The hydrogen for fuel cells is manufactured economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organosulfur compound-containing liquid oil is selected from natural gas, alcohol, ether, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, light oil, fuel oil, asphaltene oil, oil-sand oil, coal liquid, petroleum group heavy oil, shale oil, GTL, waste-plastic oil and/or bio fuel. The carboxylic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acids and/or their derivatives. The acidic catalyst is selected from heteropolyacid, silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, silica-boria, zeolite, sulfuric-acid supporting zirconia, platinum-sulfuric-acid supporting zirconia, silica, zinc oxide, alumina, titania, ceria, vanadium pentaoxide, antimony pentaoxide, aluminum chloride, clay, activated clay, acid clay and diatomaceous earth. The acid is selected from sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, antimony pentafluoride, trifluorocarbon, tin chloride, zinc chloride and/or iron chloride. The absorbent is selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite, titania, zirconia, magnesia, zinc oxide, clay, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon and/or insoluble synthetic resin. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen for fuel cells.
NOVELTY - The device has a water vapor permeable film (23) provided between raw material and ejection gas flow paths (21, 22). The water vapor permeable film has a moisture permeable resin layer comprising hardened perfluoro sulfonic acid group ion exchange resin, such that the resin layer is pinched between pair of polymeric porous films.    USE - Humidification device of fuel cell for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a compact humidification device that performs sufficient humidification reliably without changing the oxygen concentration of the air supplied to the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel cell equipped with the humidification device.    Gas flow paths (21, 22)    Water vapor permeable film (23)
NOVELTY - Powdered raw materials of lanthanum and an iron compound are processed with a ball mill followed by a solid phase reaction to form lanthanum-iron perovskite-type complex oxide polycrystalline powder.    USE - For manufacture of lanthanum-iron complex oxide, preferably lanthanum-iron perovskite-type complex oxide used as a functional materials such as electronic material for gas sensor and catalyst battery material.    ADVANTAGE - The complex oxide suitable as electronic material, is produced in large amount by economical and efficient method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of a lanthanum-iron complex oxide compact which involves forming polycrystalline powder of lanthanum-iron complex oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the X-ray diffraction diagram of synthetic process of the lanthanum-iron complex oxide (LaFeO3). (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - In a hydrocarbon cracking process to produce hydrogen-rich gas and carbon by-products, liquid gas or natural gas is continually introduced to a heated reactor compartment (2) and breaks down in the absence of oxygen. The resultant gases are exhausted and the carbon products expelled by a fan to a compartment (1) into which oxygen is subsequently introduced and burning takes placed.    USE - Hydrocarbon cracking process and assembly for production of pure hydrogen for use in small-scale mobile fuel cells having no hydrogen reservoir.    ADVANTAGE - The simple process and assembly are capable of continuous or intermittent operation in response to changing loads.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a commensurate assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an isometric view of a suitable assembly.    Oxidation compartment (1)    Reactor compartment (2)    Housing (2a)    Jet (2b)    Adapter (2b', 2b', 2c')    Drill holes (B)
NOVELTY - Manifold for converting first flow of multiphase fluid into separate channeled flows comprises: enclosure for supporting a surface perpendicular to first flow direction; fluid inlet for impacting first flow against the surface, where first flow radiates from point of impact to form intermediate flow(s); and fluid outlets for receiving intermediate flow(s) and forming separate channeled flows.    USE - The manifold is used for converting a single multiphase fluid flow into multiphase fluid flows by impacting the first flow against a surface perpendicular to the direction of the flow to form intermediate flows, and receiving the intermediate flows at inlet portions of output channels (claimed). It is used in fuel cell subsystem, fuel cell or internal combustion (claimed). It is particularly useful for multiphase fluid systems that require preservation of dispersed phase concentration and/or flow rate.    ADVANTAGE - The manifold provides uniform flow properties for multiphase fluid flow through parallel outlet channels.
NOVELTY - Substance occluding material has a substance different from the to be occluded substance, included in a cylindrical material.    USE - Used in the production of electrochemical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The substance occluding material has efficiency and lightweight, and is low cost and easily transportable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) the manufacture of the substance occluding material by treating the substance occluding material with an alkali when it is to be produced;    (2) an electrochemical device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a proton conductor between the electrodes where hydrogen gas is supplied from a hydrogen gas supply part to the side of the first electrode and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the second electrode.
NOVELTY - A light absorption layer (104) containing tungsten, titanium and chromium, an insulating layer (103) and a semiconductor layer (102) are sequentially formed on a substrate (100). Light from each infrared lamp (111) having elliptical reflecting surface, is linearly condensed on the light absorption layer while moving the substrate, so as to crystallize the semiconductor layer.    USE - For manufacturing polycrystalline silicon film for solar cell, thin-film transistor used in electro-optical apparatus (claimed) such as active matrix liquid crystal display, organic electroluminescence display device, for electronic device (claimed) such as portable TV, personal digital assistant, electronic notebook, personal computer, LCD projector, lighting notice board, display for public notice, digital camera, facsimile, digital signal processor, mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Polycrystalline silicon film of large particle size is obtained using low temperature processing. Increases throughput and reduces cost, by locally heating only the light absorption layer and semiconductor layer using the infrared source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) thin-film transistor manufacturing method;    (2) electro-optical apparatus; and    (3) electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawings of the polycrystalline silicon film manufacture.    substrate (100)    semiconductor layer (102)    insulating layer (103)    light absorption layer (104)    infrared lamp (111)
NOVELTY - A cathode catalyst comprises cerium oxide (CeO) and/or antimony oxide (Sb2O4) carried on a platinum-molybdenum alloy carrier.    USE - Used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst increases the speed of reduction of oxygen in the cathode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a cathode electrode catalyst.
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises an iron containing material, IIa group metal of periodic table, and a material comprising VIIa group metal and/or rare earth metal supported on an alumina group support.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen by decomposition of hydrocarbon (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst for hydrogen manufacture, has stabilized catalyst activity under coexistence of oxidizing gas, carbon dioxide, water and oxygen. The catalyst containing iron has outstanding catalyst activity and outstanding catalyst life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - IIa group metal is magnesium. The VIIa group metal is manganese or rhenium. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen by decomposition of hydrocarbon.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises flow-path plates (30a,50,30b) and separation plates (40a,40b) laminated alternately, and a thin plate (20) arranged on top of the laminated structure. The flow-path plates and the separation plates are attached by diffusion-joint, at predetermined intervals. The non-junction portion of the structure, absorbs distortion due to thermal stress on each surface.    USE - For extracting hydrogen gas in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves hydrogen extraction efficiency per unit volume, by suppressing the distortion due to thermal stress or strain, using simple arrangement.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the hydrogen separation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    thin plate (20)    flow-path plates (30a,30b,50)    separation plates (40a,40b)
NOVELTY - A paste composition contains an aluminum powder, an organic substance vehicle, glass frit and boron powder, an inorganic boron compound and/or an organic boron compound.    USE - Used for forming an electrode on a p-type silicon semiconductor substrate of a solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface resistance of the p+ layer is made to decrease by baking a p-type silicon semiconductor board which applied the paste composition. The back surface field effect and the output of solar cell are improved by using the paste composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows typical cross-section of a solar cell.
NOVELTY - A modifier (1) is equipped at the downstream side of an evaporator (3) vaporizing the raw material. The catalyst combustor (4) heats the evaporator, to increase the temperature of the raw material before supplying it to the modifier through a steam line (13), so that the modifier generates the reformed gas to be supplied to the fuel cell during starting.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces load of the secondary battery during starting, as the modifier generates reformed gas at reduced time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modifier of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    evaporator (3)    catalyst combustor (4)    steam line (13)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer comprises a photoelectric-conversion material consisting of merocyanine pigment(s) with hydroxamic acid(s) as a substituent.    USE - Used as an electric power unit of a portable electronic machine, compound solar cells such as a single crystal silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell and a cadmium telluride and selenium indium copper solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has excellent photoelectric conversion property.
NOVELTY - A novel stable metal complex dyestuff (P1) contains a metal or metal ion (A) that becomes a center for 6 coordination, one four coordination site ligand (B) that has at least one carboxyl group, and two thiocyanate ions (C).    USE - (P1) is suitably used for manufacture of (P2). (P2) is suitably used for manufacture of (P3). (P3) is suitable as dyestuff sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - (P1) has excellent heat stability, resistance to light, and chemical stability. (P2) and (P3) can realize high photoelectric conversion efficiency and maintain it for a long period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A novel stable metal complex dyestuff (P1) contains:    (A) a metal or metal ion that becomes a center for 6 coordination;    (B) one four coordination site ligand that has at least one carboxyl group; and    (C) two thiocyanate ions.    (B) has a structure in which arbitrary two kinds of two coordination site ligands selected from the group of 1,10-phenanthroline, its derivatives, 2,2'-bipyridyl, and its derivatives have been bonded via a divalent group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a novel photoelectrode (P2) in which a semiconductor electrode having a light-receiving surface and a transparent electrode arranged adjacently on the light-receiving surface are contained, and the semiconductor electrode contains (P1) as sensitized dyestuff; and    (2) a novel dyestuff-sensitization type solar battery (P3) in which a photoelectrode in which a semiconductor electrode having a light-receiving surface and a transparent electrode arranged adjacently on the light-receiving surface and a counter electrode are contained, and the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode have been arranged face to face via an electrolyte, and the photoelectrode is (P2).
NOVELTY - The ceramic powder and the binder (50) are molded together and sintered. The ceramic powder includes larger and smaller diameter ceramic particles mixed at predetermined ratio.    USE - For dial of solar cell watch/clock, also for other electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Since larger and smaller particles are packed precisely, distortion, curvature and crack are not generated on the cells and excellent reliability and impact resistance are obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Manufacturing method of substrate;    (2) Solar cell watch; and    (3) Solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of processes involved in manufacture of substrate.    Binder (50)
NOVELTY - Apparatus is described in which liquid food is gasified electrolytically in and on tubes comprising solid electrolyte supported on a frame.    USE - Used to supply fuel cells with gases recovered from foods, denatured foods, diamides and ammonia using electrolytic means. The fuel gases recovered may be oxidized directly at high temperature in the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The low risk process is especially suitable for telephones, chip cards, cameras and mobile computers. Diverse other applications are suggested including luminous signals and signs. The process may be used by the inexperienced.
NOVELTY - A porous material (5) is arranged in the distributor (2).    USE - As a flow distributor, used to introduce a flow onto a catalyst-coated substrate. It is used in the gas production system of a fuel cell unit for a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The device promotes a very uniform flow profile over a cross-section. The cross section is enlarged, being especially an entry cross section. Minimal space is taken up by this compact design. An intentional gap further improves uniformity of flow distribution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the above flow distributor.    distributor (2)    porous material (5)    gap (6)    flow (A)
NOVELTY - Open cell structure is covered on both sides by dense and electrically conductive skin which is organic or inorganic and has a relief skin surface.    USE - The structure is used for sealing bipolar plates in flat fuel cell electrolysis, and also for the delivery of therapeutic agents in surgery.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement gives a simple and sealed bipolar plate structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Open cell structure is covered on both sides by a dense and electrically conductive skin, which is organic or inorganic and has a relief skin surface. The skin layers are of the same or different thickness. The open cell structure is a woven or knitted material, or a foam. The capillaries or tubes are incorporated into the open-cell structure, for stiffness and increase a fluid flow through it, as tubes or hollow fibers with electrically conductive filaments wound around them.
NOVELTY - The nano-crystalline titanium dioxide solar cell comprises a system sensitized by a dry polymer electrolyte, without presence of solvent. The electrolyte is the elastomer (Epichlomer-16): poly epichlorohydrin-co-oxide of ethylene, charged with NaI and I2. EMBODIMENT - The salt promotes ionic conduction, and the redox pair facilitates operation of a photo-electrochemical cell.    USE - In power engineering.
NOVELTY - Method of fabricating an organic device involves depositing a first layer onto a substrate through a mask at first base pressure and depositing a second layer through the same mask at second base pressure. The base pressure is used to control the size of the first and second layers. The first layer is deposited through a mask using organic vapor phase deposition. The second layer has a smaller area of coverage than the first layer.    USE - In the production of organic semiconductor devices such as organic light emitting devices, organic transistors, organic solar cells, active and passive matrix displays, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Three color displays may be fabricated where first, second and third organic layers emit different color of light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic layer and then a metal layer may be deposited in sequence through the same shadow mask. Because of the differences in the deposition method the organic layer may have greater spreading and the metal may be located entirely on the organic layer so that there is no contact between metal layer and the layers underneath the organic layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows a vacuum thermal evaporation system.    Mask (220)    Organic material source (210)    Shadow mask (320)    Apertures (222)    Substrate. (230)
NOVELTY - Process for depositing silver-containing metal layers having a thickness of less than 20 nm uses magnetron sputtering in an argon-containing atmosphere. The process is regulated so that a voltage of more than 700V is applied temporarily between a magnetron operating as a cathode with a target of material to be sputtered and an anode.    USE - Used in the production of flat screens, solar cells and electroluminescent systems.    ADVANTAGE - The layers have high optical transparency and good electroconductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably the plasma discharge of the sputtering process is operated in a pulsed manner. The target is made from pure silver. Nitrogen is added to the argon-containing atmosphere. Deposition of the silver-containing metal layer is carried out on a polymer or glass substrate. A voltage of more than 850V is temporarily applied.
NOVELTY - Preparation of hydrogen (H2) fuel comprises bringing water (H2O) into an unstable state by adding ozone (O3), assisted by catalyst(s), and cracking to form oxygen (O2) and H2.    USE - The fuel produced in these processes and equipment is used for driving internal combustion engine(s), e.g. Otto, diesel or Wankel engines etc., for propulsion especially in a vehicle, for driving gas turbine(s), for producing a fuel reservoir in fuel cell(s), for heating and/or for use in hydrogen combustion equipment (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The processes and equipment are simple, economical, clean and safe and suitable for use on a moving vehicle, as the fuel, especially hydrogen, can be produced as required or stored, e.g. in fuel cell(s).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) Preparation of H2 fuel by bringing H2O into an unstable state determined by charge transfer by adding nitrogen oxide (NOx) and O3 and cracking to form oxygen (O2) and H2;    (2) Production of a fuel (mixture) by passing a mixture of H2O and ammonium nitrite (NH4NO2) and/or ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) into at least one, especially second, reaction zone and introducing air, O2 and/or O3 to shift this into an unstable stage in especially the second reaction zone;    (3) Equipment for preparing H2; and    (4) Equipment for producing a fuel (mixture).
NOVELTY - Coumarin compound has a coumarin backbone and two or more atomic groups which can absorb visible light which are mutually bonded while forming a cyclic structure.    USE - The coumarin compound is useful as a light absorbent for photochemical polymers, solar cells, photochemical filters, dyes etc. or light emitting agent for dyes lasers etc.    ADVANTAGE - The compounds absorb visible rays to broaden the latitude of photosensitizers usable in the preparation of photopolymerizable compositions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a light absorbent containing a coumarin compound;    (2) a light emitting agent containing a coumarin compound; and    (3) the manufacture of a coumarin compound by reacting a phenol compound and 1,3-diketone compound.
NOVELTY - Multiple oxygen supply conduits (40A-40D) with respective valves (41A-41D) are provided to control the oxygen amount in reaction chamber (32), so as to cause a reaction to enhance conversion of carbon monoxide in the process gas.    USE - Reducing carbon monoxide in hydrocarbon fuel used by fuel cell power plants for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces space required by a shift reactor and so simplifies the structure. Minimizes or eliminates the need for hydrogen reduction. Enhances carbon monoxide removal by shift reactor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of reducing the amount of carbon monoxide in a process fuel gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell power plant.    reaction chamber (32)    oxygen supply conduits (40A-40D)    valves (41A-41D)
NOVELTY - A bipolar separator plate (1) attached to the electrode is formed by injection or compression molding an insulator material with a recessed surface that serves as the fuel and oxidant flow paths. Conductive elements (5) embedded on the surface of the separator plate have one end contacting the electrode and the other end connected to lead.    USE - Fuel cell used e.g. in portable power generator, vehicles and for on-site power generation in buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The separator plate is molded from plastic without machining or etching, which improves the durability and mechanical properties of the plate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell stack; and    (2) separator plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the separator plate.    bipolar separator plate (1)    conductive elements (5)
NOVELTY - The heating materials (a,b) containing heat transfer material whose thermal capacity is greater than that of film forming materials (c,d), are stored in the housings (3,4). The film forming materials are sublimated or evaporated by heating the heating materials using heaters (32,42). The valves (33,43) start and stop the radiation of molecule from the radiant units (11,21).    USE - Solar cell for thin film deposition of molecular beam for sublimation and evaporation of organic electroluminescent material, using thin film deposition apparatus e.g. molecular-beam-epitaxy apparatus for semiconductor wafer.    ADVANTAGE - Since the film forming materials are evaporated in a uniform temperature distribution, the quality of film formed by crystal growth is improved. The radiation of molecule is controlled easily and correctly using the valves.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the vertical side view of the solar cell.    housings (3,4)    radiant units (11,21)    heaters (32,42)    valves (33,43)    heating materials (a,b)    film forming materials (c,d)
NOVELTY - A rotary mounting unit (14) and a rotary extraction unit (15), are provided on either sides of a rotary element (2). A mounting guide (16) and an extraction guide (18), are opposingly provided along the axial direction of a retainer (17) which is placed on the periphery of the rotary element. The rotary element is synchronously rotated when substrates are transferred between the rotary units.    USE - For manufacture of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - A continuous crystal sheet is obtained, by rotating the rotating the rotary element synchronously during the substrate transfer process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the crystal sheet manufacturing apparatus.    rotary element (2)    rotary mounting unit (14)    rotary extraction unit (15)    mounting guide (16)    retainer (17)    extraction guide (18)
NOVELTY - The light emission area (3) having a quantum well structure and containing at least indium, is formed on an N-type semiconductor layer (2). Several corrugated stepped portions are formed along the axial direction of the light emission area.    USE - For light emitting diode, laser diode, solar cell, optical sensor used in electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Increases light emission area and reduces current density, thereby improving luminous efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for nitride group compound semiconductor light emitting element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of the nitride group compound semiconductor light emitting element.    N-type semiconductor layer(3) light emission area (2)
NOVELTY - A thermally conductive sealing agent (101) seals a solar cell (102) which is provided on a substrate (103). Heat from the solar cell is released through the sealing agent.    USE - Used as a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Since the solar cell is sealed with a thermally conductive sealing agent, temperature rise of the cell and reduction in power conversion efficiency are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module.    Thermally conductive sealing agent (101)    Solar cell (102)    Substrate (103)
NOVELTY - Reflection inhibition film (20) has a thickness of 1.25-1.5 times the mean particle diameter of silica microparticles and three layers having respective indices in the range of 1.1-1.35, 1.35-1.5 and 1.1-1.35.    USE - Reflection inhibition film for transparent base material (claimed) e.g. glass plate used in photoelectric conversion apparatus, window of building, plasma display panel, liquid crystal display device and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves antifriction power and durability by setting the film thickness equal to 1.25-1.5 times the mean particle diameter of the silica microparticles. Prevents the leakage of light by setting the refractive index of the layer near the base material to a low value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for transparent base material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the transparent base material.    Reflection inhibition film (20)
NOVELTY - A condenser (7) condenses the water contained in waste gas from a fuel cell. A stay unit (20) collects the condensed water temporarily and releases carbon dioxide gas contained in the water to atmosphere, before passing the condensed water to a storage tank (8).    USE - Fuel cell power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces carbonate ion contained in the condensed water effectively and produces high purity hydrogen as fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for stored condensed water supply method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of condensed water recovery unit of fuel cell power generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    condenser (7)    storage tank (8)    stay unit (20)+
NOVELTY - A power supply supplies frequency and voltage to an external load circuit (7) to which AC electric power is supplied to drive the motor vehicle. A controller controls the supply of heating gas, depending on the driving of motor vehicle or change of load of the external load circuit.    USE - Used for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The mis-operation of an electric vehicle is prevented, without making the dead weight of the electric vehicle heavy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the electric vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    External load circuit (7)
NOVELTY - The flow paths (3-5) supply fuel, water vapor and air to nozzles (1a-1c) of an injection valve (1), respectively. Controlling valves (20,21) between water vapor and air flow paths, control the connection of a by-pass flow path (19). A heater (28) heats the air supplied through the air flow path. A controller (27) controls the controlling values and the heater.    USE - For supplying hydrocarbon fuel, water vapor and air to fuel reformation gas engine.    ADVANTAGE - Since preheated air is supplied to the nozzle, condensation of water vapor in the nozzle is prevented reliably and reformation efficiency of the gas engine is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the multi-fluid spraying apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    injection valve (1)    nozzles (1a-1c)    flow paths (3-5)    by-pass flow path (19)    controlling valves (20,21)    controller (27)    heater (28)
NOVELTY - The installation structure has a concrete base material on which several solar cell modules (101) are formed and connected using copper wire (105). The anticorrosion electrodes (104) are formed near the copper wire with an electrode potential lower than that of the copper wire.    USE - For solar power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the anticorrosion is provided near the copper wire, protective current flows through the installation, thereby improving the reliability of the installation structure over long period of time. Also the cost of the installation structure is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell module installation structure.    Solar cell module (101)    Anticorrosion electrode (104)    Copper wire (105)
NOVELTY - Substrate (1) has granular crystallization semiconductors (2) comprising silicone of an electroconductive type, arranged over aluminum electrode (1') which is formed over substrate. A semiconductor layer with an electrode of reverse electroconductive type is provided to the granular crystallization semiconductor through an insulator made of glass material and comprising 1-20 weight% of tin oxide.    USE - Photoelectric converter for solar power generation, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Improves reliability and efficiency with a reduction in cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Aluminum electrode (1')    Granular crystallization semiconductor (2)
NOVELTY - The modifier (33) has a heater (50) that heats the input raw material gas before introducing the gas into a humidifier (45) which transmits water vapor in the gas to a water vapor permeable film (46)    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves the efficiency of fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (33)    humidifier (45)    water vapor permeable film (46)    heater (50)
NOVELTY - The fuel contains 5 vol.% or less of aromatic compounds, 10 vol.% or less of olefin, 1ppm of sulfur and gum of 1 mg/100 ml or less. The distillation temperature of the 5% and 95% fuel are 25degreesC and 250degreesC, respectively. The hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio of the fuel is 1.9 or more.    USE - For fuel cell used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the conversion efficiency of the hydrogen at the time of steam reforming and enables easy handling of the fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrocarbon fuel production method.
NOVELTY - Transformation method of 60C fullerene to produce high efficiency hydrogenated fullerene (C60H36) or (C60H18), involves hydrogenating 60C fullerene at moderate hydrogenation conditions using a catalyst comprising activated alumina support impregnated with metal chosen from ruthenium, palladium, iridium, platinum and cobalt.    USE - For producing hydrogenated fullerene used as hydrogen storage material.    ADVANTAGE - A high efficiency and high selectively hydrogenated fullerene having hydrogen storage rate of 4 is produced effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) storage method of hydrogen;    (2) catalyst for hydrogenation and; manufacture method of a catalyst.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen refiner comprises a catalyst substance supported on an integral molded product formed by the extrusion of a component mainly containing transient alumina material having hydroxyl group. The hydrogen refiner purifies reformed gas containing hydrogen gas and carbon-monoxide (CO) and reduces CO using carbon monoxide conversion hydrogen purification catalyst.    USE - For providing hydrogen rich reformed gas.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen refiner has high conversion ratio and provides hydrogen rich gas with small amount of carbon-monoxide. The reformed gas produced by the refiner has large industrial valve.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) catalyst for hydrogen refinement;    (2) support for the catalyst; and    (3) manufacture of catalyst support.
NOVELTY - The methanol steam reforming catalyst comprises an aggregate of multiple polyphase particle (A) having granular carrier portion (B), multiple catalyst particle (C) contained in portion (B) surface, and oxide (D). Portion (B) consists of silicon carbide. Particle (C) is copper-type particle. Oxide (D) is an amorphous silica. The catalyst has copper content of 5-25 wt.% and silica content of 5-15 wt.%.    USE - For steam reformings of methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Steam reforming of methanol is performed efficiently using the catalyst which produces low carbon monoxide concentration reformed gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The methanol steam reforming catalyst comprises an aggregate of multiple polyphase particle (A) having granular carrier portion (B), multiple catalyst particle (C) contained in the granular carrier portion (B) surface, and oxide (D) which makes the granular carrier portion surface support the catalyst particle (C). The granular carrier portion (B) consists of silicon carbide. The catalyst particle (C) is copper-type particle. Oxide (D) is an amorphous silica produced by baking and processing silicon carbide in oxidation atmosphere. The catalyst has copper content of 5-25 wt.%, measured by elemental analysis. The catalyst has silica content of 5-15 wt.%, measured by setting all copper to copper oxide based on elemental analysis value of copper, silicon and oxygen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph of relationship between calcination temperature (T) and carbon monoxide concentration, during steam reforming of methanol using the catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A common wire (104) is connected to photovoltaic cells (103) having exposed electrodes, that is mounted on stand (102) of triangular shape provided on a concrete block (105).    USE - For power generation system in power station.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the constituent material of mounting stand without reducing the capability of solar cell array, and installation cost of solar cell array.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell array application.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of solar cell array.    mounting stand (102)    photovoltaic cells (103)    common wire (104)    concrete block (105)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen combustion catalyst (25) burns the hydrogen contained in fuel-cell anode off-gas in a support port (22) adjacent to pre-mixing chamber (24) at normal temperature. The combustion gas and hydrocarbon fuel supplied from supply port (26), are mixed in pre-mixing chamber (27) and fuel combustion catalyst (28) burns in a hydrocarbon or alcohol.    USE - For electric power generation system (claimed) using solid polymeric type fuel-cell used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Burns the anode off-gas of a fuel-cell stably with simple structure and hence initial cost is reduced. Since accidents during off-gas combustion is avoided, safety for apparatus is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus; and    (2) Fuel-cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the anode off-gas combustor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Supply ports (22,26)    Pre-mixing chambers (24,27)    Catalysts (25,28)
NOVELTY - An amorphous transparent conductive layer (20) containing indium and tin, is formed on a transparent high polymer film (10) by sputtering.    USE - For forming electrodes for optoelectric transducers such as solar cell, touch panel, display device e.g. liquid crystal display device, electroluminescent display device.    ADVANTAGE - A flexible transparent conductive film having uniform thickness is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section view of the transparent conductive laminate.    Polymer film (10)    Amorphous transparent conductive layer (20)
NOVELTY - The cleaning gas containing ClF3 is introduced into the reaction container (2111) and exhaust pipe arrangement (2118) such that the gas flow rate per unit volume with respect to total volume of reaction receptacle and exhaust pipe arrangement is in the range of 2.5-50.    USE - For cleaning the device used for forming deposition membrane used in solar cell, line sensor, image input device, thin film transistor, semiconductor element, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The by-product adhered in the reaction receptacle and exhaust tube during deposition film formation is removed efficiently at reduced time period and hence deposition film with favorable property is cheaply manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the deposition membrane forming device.    Reaction container (2111)    Exhaust pipe arrangement (2118)
NOVELTY - Detector (24) detects carbon monoxide gas density in hydrogen rich gas at rear stream of CO adsorber (30). When detected gas density reaches threshold value, an exhaust unit closes refrigerant control valve (20) of gas cooler (12) to raise temperature of gas to be introduced into the adsorber. Suction pump (23) suctions CO gas in adsorber which is introduced into a combustor (8) by exhaust unit.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel cell system is used for supplying high purity hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    combustor (8)    gas cooler (12)    refrigerant control valve (20)    suction pump (23)    density detector (24)    CO adsorber (30)
NOVELTY - In a start-up process for the operation of a fuel cell catalyst, the difference is registered between the reactor inlet (4) temperature (T1) and outlet (7) temperature (T2). As the air supply feeds to the fuel cell, the liquid fuel (CnHmOH) supply is regulated in accordance with the temperature difference (T2 - T1).    USE - Start-up process and assembly for vehicular catalytic fuel cell. The temperature-regulated fuel feed minimizes catalyst overheating.    ADVANTAGE - The process extends catalyst service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell (1) inputs are air and a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. When the temperature difference (T2 - T1) is negative, the supply of fuel (CnHmOH, e.g. methanol) is interrupted for a brief period or until the difference reverts to a positive value. During the start-up the catalyst reactor is heated and the temperature increase so produced is deducted from the outlet temperature (T2). The start-up process is employed in association with a vehicle fuel cell.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a commensurate catalyst start-up assembly with temperature sensors (8, 9) in the inlet (4) and outlet (7) zones, catalyst heating elements (12) and feed pipes (3, 3a) for air and fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the general arrangement of fuel feed and temperature monitoring to the catalyst. (Drawing includes non English-language text).    Catalytic reactor (1)    Catalyst substrate (2)    Tube (3)    Inlet (4)    Atomizer (5)    Tube (6)    Outlet (7)    Temperature sensors (8, 9)    Heating elements (12)
NOVELTY - Device for selectively oxidizing a material stream (A) comprises a selectively effective catalyst formed as a coating (6) on the inner walls (5) of the device. A layer of oxidation catalyst (7) is formed in an inlet region (1a) of the material stream between the selectively effective coating and the inner walls.    USE - In a gas generating system of a fuel cell unit in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The device improves the cold start behavior of the vehicle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The thickness of the selectively effective catalyst is formed so that all selective oxidation processes occur on the catalyst during the operation of the vehicle. The catalysts are based on precious metal catalysts, especially platinum, ruthenium or palladium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the coating in the device.    inlet region (1a)    inner walls (5)    catalyst coating (6)    oxidation catalyst layer (7)
NOVELTY - Organic colorant sensitizing type metal oxide semiconductor electrode comprises: substrate (1) having transparent electrode (2); metal oxide semiconductor film (3); and organic colorant absorbed on the surface of the semiconductor film. The film is formed by gas phase film forming method.    USE - The electrode is used for organic colorant sensitizing type solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode has high efficiency of light energy transfer, good colorant absorption and long working life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solar cell using the electrode, an opposite electrode and redox electrolyte injected between the electrodes; and    (2) preparation of the electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the solar cell.    Substrate (1)    Transparent electrode (2)    Metal oxide semiconductor film (3)    Opposite electrode (4)    Sealant (5)    Electrolyte (6)
NOVELTY - An active device integrated photonic biasing and integrated solar charging networks on single substrate comprise a solar cell which generates a direct current (DC) bias voltage for biasing the active device; and that generates a trickle charge voltage for recharging the battery, respectively.    USE - Used in integrated circuits.    ADVANTAGE - The photonic biasing network can integrate light sources and solar cells on a single substrate, reducing or eliminating the need for traditional biasing network. In a fixed or remote environment, the solar charging network coupled to a battery can trickle charge and replenishes power for long lasting energy source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An active device integrated photonic biasing and integrated solar charging networks on a single substrate comprise a substrate having a monocrystalline silicon substrate, an amorphous oxide material overlying the monocrystalline silicon substrate, a monocrystalline perovskite oxide material overlying the amorphous oxide material, and a monocrystalline compound semiconductor material overlying the monocrystalline perovskite oxide material; and a photonic biasing network.    The photonic biasing network of the active device integrated photonic biasing network comprises a solar cell, which generates a DC bias voltage for biasing the active device; and an active device coupled to the solar cell. The photobiasing network of the integrated solar charging network comprises a solar cell, which generates a trickle charge voltage for recharging the battery; and a battery coupled to the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-section of solar cells.
NOVELTY - Microwave production of hydrogen involves passing light hydrocarbon mixture comprising preset amount of water vapor and oxygen through bed (11) irradiated with microwaves. The bed comprises carbonaceous material to energize microwave catalysis.    USE - For use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables to economically and efficiently produce hydrogen rich gas. The use of microwave enables to perform hydrogen production at lower temperature than conventional steam-reforming process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen produced by microwave production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen producing apparatus.    bed (11)
NOVELTY - A gasket for a fuel cell is provided to make the contact face of the stack of a fuel cell be almost even and to minimize the contact resistance between the electron collector and the electrode inside of the stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gasket(60) is such that the some part of the one surface is coated with a metal conductor(80) per cell, the metal conductor coating is patterned to allow the part contact with an electrode and the external conductive wire joining part to be continued, and the some part(1, 2, 3) of the surface is punched to allow the most of electrodes to contact with the fuel and to react with it except the region contact with the metal conductor coated part and the electrode. Preferably the coated metal is platinum, silver, titanium, tantalum, or zirconium; is formed by sputtering, vacuum evaporation-condensation or electroplating; and has a thickness of 1-100 micrometers.
NOVELTY - The manufacture of the aperture laminated material (30) is performed by etching the support (26) of multilayered laminate of support layer (26) and transparent layer (28), repeatedly in order to provide an aperture at predetermined aperture rate.    USE - For manufacture of components (claimed) used in hydrogen separation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The aperture is formed on the support layer without forming pinholes in the transparent layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of the components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the aperture laminated material using the manufacturing method.    support layer (26)    transparent layer (28)    aperture laminated material (30)
NOVELTY - The fuel oil composition contains (in volume%) 4C hydrocarbon (5 or less), 5C paraffin (10-40), 5C olefin (15 or less), 5C naphthene (5 or less), aromatic (10 or less) and sulfur (5 weight ppm or less). The fuel oil composition has Reid vapor pressure of 60 KPa or less.    USE - For fuel cells and internal combustion engine component (both claimed) of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel composition prevents the deterioration of modification catalyst, by suppressing precipitation of carbon. The fuel oil composition has high octane number and hence suppresses knocking. The fuel oil composition improves engine startability and does not cause vapor locking. The fuel oil containing the fuel oil composition efficiently manufactures highly pure hydrogen, by reducing the bad influence of carbon monoxide obtained by steam reforming, on hydrogen production.
NOVELTY - The release material contains a solvent mixed with a binder using one or more types of silicon nitride, silicon carbide and silicon oxide as main raw material. The binder contains specific proportion of magnesium, lithium, silicon, oxygen and sodium.    USE - Used in casting of polycrystalline silicon and for manufacture of polycrystalline silicon substrate for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The release material has favorable adhesivity and fluidity. The casting method of polycrystalline silicon using the release material, decreases carbon residue amount in an ingot.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The release material contains a solvent mixed with a binder using one or more types of silicon nitride, silicon carbide and silicon oxide as main raw material. The binder contains an elemental composition of magnesium, lithium, silicon, oxygen and sodium, as (Mg5.34Li0.66Si8O20(OH)4)Na+0.66.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for casting method of polycrystalline silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the test result of release material application property based on manufacturing method of polycrystalline silicon.
NOVELTY - A pump (4a) performs pressurization compression of the pump (4) that feeds mixed gas of predetermined ratio into a reaction tank (6). The catalytic reduction reaction of the fed gas is performed continuously, after which the gas is cooled and condensed to water vapor. The hydrogen is separated from the gas after condensation and supplied to a fuel cell power generating device (17).    USE - For manufacturing carbon.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the system is improved due to high pressure catalytic reduction reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the carbon dioxide/methane fixed control system. (Drawing includes non-English language text). L    pumps (4,4a)    reaction tank (6)    fuel cell power generating device (17)
NOVELTY - Several spherical crystalline semiconductor particles (3) with convex projections are formed on a substrate (1), between which insulation materials (2) are interposed. A semiconductor layer (4) and a protective coating (5) are formed above the semiconductor particles.    USE - E.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency, by providing projections on semiconductor particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Insulation material (2)    Semiconductor particle (3)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Protective coating (5)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor device has a built-in solar cell module (20) which supplies partial electric power using light energy during backup.    USE - In e.g. large-scale integration (LSI).    ADVANTAGE - The power consumption at the time of standby is eliminated and voltage drop in wiring is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for semiconductor device manufacturing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional model of the semiconductor device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell module (20)
NOVELTY - A discharge pipe (60) has a hydrogen gas leakage check point (61) in between a cut-off valve (62) and an emission valve (42). The leakage check point is held in downstream side of valve (42).    USE - For fuel cell mounted in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The structure of the system enables to check hydrogen gas leakage, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of hydrogen gas storage system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    emission valve (42)    discharge pipe (60)    hydrogen gas leakage check point (61)    cut-off valve (62)
NOVELTY - A non-monocrystal semiconductor layer made of hydrogen, a group-III element or nitrogen, is patterned and laminated on a substrate. The electrodes are cut according to the patterning of the monocrystal semiconductor layer and electrode.    USE - Used for manufacturing a semiconductor element for image sensors, liquid-crystal thin film transistors and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor element is manufactured easily with the desired size, at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the semiconductor layer formation apparatus.
NOVELTY - An alloy area (7) consists of alloy of materials such as metal e.g. sliver or aluminum and metallic oxide e.g. zinc oxide or stannic oxide, contained in a reflection layer (2). A transparent electrode layer (4) is provided along the circumference of a photoelectric conversion active region. The electrode layer and alloy area are electrically insulated from each other.    USE - Photovoltaic cell e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits high water and moisture resistance and improves endurance with respect to corrosive aqueous solution, even during prolonged outdoor exposure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the photovoltaic cell.    Reflection layer (2)    Transparent electrode layer (4)    Alloy area (7)
NOVELTY - The oxidation and heating gas are supplied or emitted by the battery manifolds (110a,110b,110d,110e), through the access holes. The cell (111) is connected electrically to a separator (112), such that the damaged cell (111a) is blocked by the gas passage way slots (112g,112h) of the separator.    USE - For repairing solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The damaged cell is blocked by gas passage way slots of separator simply and reliably, thereby the repair operation of the fuel cell is performed efficiently in a simplified manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell repair apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of fuel cell repair process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Battery manifolds (110a,110b,110d,110e)    Cell (111)    Damaged cell (111a)    Separator (112)    Gas passage way slots (112g,112h)
NOVELTY - Electrode (2), photoelectric conversion layer (3) and electrode (4) are sequentially laminated on transparent substrate (1). A transparent layer (5) made of either of acrylic resin, polyimide resin, silicone resin, or epoxy resin is formed between laminated sections of layer (3) and electrode (4), such that its thickness is greater than that of laminated section.    USE - For various electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Provides solar cell with high conversion effectiveness and also improves design property and photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent substrate (1)    Electrodes (2,4)    Photoelectric conversion layer (3)    Transparent layer (5)
NOVELTY - Providing a gas sensor capable of accurately measuring gas concentration such as hydrogen gas concentration over a long period of time and to solve problems of prior art such as impaired conduction of electricity etc. which is likely to cause an increase in resistance between electrodes hence affecting the accuracy of the measurements.    USE - Hydrogen gas sensor for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PERFECT) used in vehicle and household applications.    ADVANTAGE - The elastic element maintains elasticity required for maintaining electrical connection, even when elasticity of the electrodes is impaired in the course of use over long period of time, hence prevents insufficient contact between the electrodes and corresponding leads, thereby enabling to measure hydrogen gas concentration accurately over long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A support element has a conductive, elastic element (23) provided between one of the electrodes (3,5) and respective leads (10a,10b) for establishing electrical connection between them. An object gas component contained in a gas to be measured is dissociate, decomposable or reactable when voltage is applied between the electrodes, so as to generate protons which are pumped out through a proton conduction layer (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen gas sensor.    Proton conduction layer (1)    Electrodes (3,5)    Leads (10a,10b)    Elastic element (23)
NOVELTY - Converting coal into fuel cell quality hydrogen and sequestration-ready carbon dioxide using unmixed combustion, involves: (i) circulating, in first, second, and third reactors calcium oxide, calcium oxide, iron(II) and/or iron(III) oxide reacting the calcium oxide with carbon dioxide to form calcium oxide; (ii) reacting the calcium oxide in the second reactor to regenerate calcium oxide while reacting coal with iron(III) oxide to form iron(II) oxide and carbon dioxide; and (iii) oxidizing the iron(II) oxide to regenerate iron(III) oxide and produce oxygen depleted air at an elevated temperature.    USE - Used as fuel for gas turbine engines used to produce electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The chemical reactions involved are thermodynamically favorable and readily occur allowing practical industrial application.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Converting coal into fuel cell quality hydrogen and sequestration-ready carbon dioxide using unmixed combustion, comprises:    (i) Charging a first fluidized bed reactor with coal and high temperature steam which oxidizes some of the coal and produces substantially pure hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide;    (ii) Circulating a mixture of solids among the first, second, and third reactors containing coal, CaO and/or CaCO3, and FeO and/or Fe2O3;    (iii) Reacting the CaO present in said first reactor (10) with carbon dioxide to form CaCO3;    (iv) Reacting the CaCO3 in the second reactor to regenerate CaO while reacting coal and/or coal char with Fe2O3 to form FeO and carbon dioxide;    (v) Oxidizing the FeO the third reactor to regenerate Fe2O3 and produce oxygen depleted air at an elevated temperature; and    (vi) Withdrawing pure hydrogen, carbon dioxide and depleted air in separate streams from the first, second and third reactors.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for apparatus used for the process.
NOVELTY - Production of solutions containing polymeric organic semiconductors comprises dissolving a polymeric organic semiconductor in a suitable starting solvent; post treating the starting solution; and filtering the solution obtained using dead-end filtration and/or cross-flow filtration and isolating the filtered solution containing a polymeric organic semiconductor.    USE - Used in the production of polymeric organic luminescent diodes, integrated circuits, field effect transistors, thin film transistors, solar cells and laser diodes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple, efficient and reproducible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of solutions containing polymeric organic semiconductors comprises dissolving a polymeric organic semiconductor in a suitable starting solvent; post treating the starting solution; and filtering the solution obtained using dead-end filtration and/or cross-flow filtration and isolating the filtered solution containing a polymeric organic semiconductor.    Preferably a mixture of polymeric organic semiconductors (polymer blend), optionally in combination with one or more low molecular additives, is used in the first step. Post-treating is carried out using an ultrasound machine, a high shearing dispersion stirrer and/or a disintegrator. The solution obtained in the second step is pre-filtered before being filtered in the final step. The concentration-viscosity ratio of the filtered solution obtained is adjusted by adding a solvent or solvent mixture.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for desulfurizing gas streams comprises a heads-desulfurizing stage (1) containing a first adsorbent having a high potential for binding sulfur at higher operating temperatures.    USE - Used for desulfurizing reformate gas and in fuel cell systems with gas generation (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus has good ability to remove sulfur.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The apparatus has a storage stage (2), in which a second adsorbent having a higher potential for binding potential at higher operating temperatures. The heads-desulfurizing stage and the storage stage are connected so that the gas stream initially passes through the heads-desulfurizing stage and then the storage stage. The apparatus further includes a post-cleaning stage (3) containing an adsorbent which guarantees that the sulfur concentration lies below a prescribed value at the outlet of the apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the apparatus.    heads-desulfurizing stage (1)    storage stage (2)    post-cleaning stage (3)
NOVELTY - The use of an at least single sided sheet coated with a synthetic plastic film (15), thickness 0.25-2 mm as carrier for solar cells or solar cell modules is new.    USE - The solar cells are useful for supplying solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell mounting is simplified and optimized, some drawbacks of previous systems are avoided, e.g. decreased efficiency due to their not facing the sun directly, and the cells last longer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell assembly module (4) with at least one solar cell or solar cell module (6) and sheet profile supporting surface (5), where this sheet profile is coated on at least one side with film (15), which consists predominantly of a polymer synthesized from ethylene monomers and at least one copolymer of vinyl esters of 2-3C alkane carboxylic acids and/or 1-4C alkyl esters of acrylic acid, and the synthetic plastic film (15) is coated with the polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows an example of solar cell mounting.    fixing leg, (3)    solar cell assembly module, (4)    sheet profile supporting surface, (5)    solar cell module, (6)    fixing leg, (7)    fixing leg, (8)    bonding leg, (9)    support leg, (10)    screw connection, (11)    screw connection, (11)    synthetic resin film (15)
NOVELTY - A silver conductor composition comprises silver powder, cadmium-free glass powder and 0.1-10 wt.% metal oxide. The metal oxide can be ferric oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide or copper oxide dispersed in organic medium.    USE - For use in forming electrodes (e.g. ohmic electrode) in the production of semiconductive devices e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The composition has low contact resistance and high adhesive strength even though the glass powders contained in the conductive composition contains no cadmium oxide. It avoids increased contact resistance of electrode with the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrode comprising composition on silicon substrate. The composition has been fired, the silver powder, glass powder and metal oxides are sintered, and the organic medium is removed.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas manufacturing and filling equipment comprises an electrolysis device part for producing hydrogen gas by electrolysis, a pressurizing part for compressing hydrogen gas thus produced, and a filling part for filling the compressed gas in tanks.    USE - The equipment is used particularly by generating electricity from hydrogen gas overnight at home for removal outside for various application e.g. in powering vehicles in the daytime.    ADVANTAGE - Such equipment is compact, movable and easy to operate to manufacture hydrogen gas efficiently with ease to produce electricity, especially for individual consumption at anytime.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a similar equipment containing an electrochemical compression part that comprises a first electrode for generating proton from water disposed in its supply side in steam or gas state, and a second electrode for converting proton into hydrogen gas for compression, with a proton conductor sandwiched between the electrodes, a hydrogen gas pressurizing part with a pressurizing current-controlling part to supply current between the first and second electrodes as required for producing a pressurized state in the electrochemical compression part; and    (2) an electrochemical equipment comprising any of the hydrogen gas manufacturing and filling equipment, wherein the pressurizing part functions as a fuel cell part reversibly operating when hydrogen gas and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas are supplied from the filling part.
NOVELTY - A glass sheet (11), used as substrate in solar cell, is dipped into a texturing solution containing a mixture of sol-gel and silica (SiO2) monospheres (37) to form textured sol-gel film (32) on both surfaces of the sheet. A silicon film is formed on the textured film and a photovoltaic device is formed into the silicon film (15).    USE - Texturing glass sheets which are used as substrates for thin film solar cell fabrication in semiconductor industry.    ADVANTAGE - Fabrication efficiency is high. The sol-gel texture provides extra barrier against impurities. The sol-gel manufacturing is cheap, well controlled and simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section side view of glass substrate.    Glass sheet (11)    Silicon film (15)    Textured sol-gel film (32)    SiO2 monospheres (37)
NOVELTY - Gases (60,62) are supplied through an activation space (57) provided between electrodes (54,56) in an electrode set. An AC power is supplied to the electrode set, to discharge a dielectric barrier (58) provided within the space. A silicon nitride film is coated onto to a wafer (52) provided in the space upon barrier discharge.    USE - For solar cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - Improves industrial production levels by eliminating costly and time consuming vacuum processing. The heating of the wafer during the coating process increases the adhesiveness of coating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for substrate coating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an apparatus for performing batch operation, wafer deposition in wafer coating process.    wafer (52)    electrodes (54,56)    activation space (57)    dielectric barrier (58)    gases (60,62)
NOVELTY - pn junction (30) is formed at interface between primary conductive type semiconductor substrate (10) and secondary conductive type semiconductor layer (11). Ferroelectric layer (13) is formed at front face of semiconductor layer (11). Poling electrode (14) is formed on ferroelectric layer. Front and rear electrodes (19a, 19b) contact semiconductor layer (11) and substrate (10), respectively.    USE - Solar cell with double side buried contact (DSBC) structure.    ADVANTAGE - Produces high efficiency solar cells with simple structural components and using ferroelectric layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    Substrate (10)    Semiconductor layer (11)    Ferroelectric layer (13)    Electrodes (19a, 19b)    pn junction (30)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor structure (400) has a monocrystalline substrate (102), an accommodating buffer layer (104) formed on the substrate, a first monocrystalline semiconductor layer formed overlying the buffer layer, and a second monocrystalline semiconductor layer formed overlying the first semiconductor layer.    USE - Used to form multijunction solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method provide monolithic integration of multiple non-lattice matched solar cell junctions. The additional p-n junctions increase the efficiency of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for fabricating a multijunction solar cell structure, comprising providing the monocrystalline substrate, epitaxially growing a first monocrystalline accommodating buffer layer overlying the substrate, and epitaxially growing monocrystalline semiconductor materials over the buffer layer.    The semiconductor materials comprise p-type and n-type materials which are formed to create p-n junctions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram illustrates schematically, in cross-section, the device structure of the invention.    Substrate (102)    Accommodating buffer layer (104)    Template layer (114)    Semiconductor structure (400)
NOVELTY - A naphtha-based fuel has a hydrogen content of at least 15 wt.%, a sulfur content of less than 1 ppm, an aromatics contents of 0-1 wt.%, and a paraffin content of 30-80 wt.%.    USE - For use in a fuel cell, particularly in a vehicular fuel cell with an on-board reformer (claimed), such as in powering vehicles, e.g. cars, trucks and buses.    ADVANTAGE - The naphtha-based fuel has an ultra-low sulfur content, high paraffins and hydrogen contents and very low aromatic contents, and is inexpensive, clean and high quality fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for providing a hydrogen-rich fuel to power a vehicle having an electric motor which involves feeding naphtha-based fuel to a reformer on-board vehicle, converting the naphtha to syngas in the reformer and extracting hydrogen from the other constituents, and passing the hydrogen into the fuel cell on-board vehicle to produce electric current to energize electric motor and power the vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph depicting the methane equilibria in octane autothermal reforming process.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell power system (10) has a control circuit (34) that electrically couples or decouples a fuel cell (16) to an ultra-capacitor (14) based on the voltage condition of the ultra-capacitor.    USE - Used in a fuel cell power system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell life expectancy and fuel cell performance are maximized by selectively coupling the fuel cell to the ultra-capacitor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell power system operation; and    (2) electric power distribution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell power system.    Fuel cell power system (10)    Ultra-capacitor (14)    Fuel cell (16)    Control circuit (34)
NOVELTY - Method involves hydrogen production by generating steam, passing it through sorbent comprising iron with catalyst, and subjecting iron to oxidation. Used as one of source reaction components is water produced as result of electrical energy generation reaction in electrochemical generator. Additionally, off-line air-independent steam generating plants may use thermal-exothermal decomposition reaction of oxygen-containing material (such as hydrogen peroxide) to produce steam required for iron-steam method of hydrogen generation. Iron oxidation reaction is conducted at temperature increasing in the process, to ensure uniform hydrogen feed.    USE - Off-line power engineering, especially for submarines.    ADVANTAGE - The above methods may be combined, and exhibit enhanced safety. Oxidized iron is reduced in off-line power plant by hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or their mixture. Operating cycle of off-line hydrogen production and storage plants lasts from tens to thousands of hours.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Three-dimensional structures with density of 4-6 g/cm3 and comprising finely dispersed and pressed iron, to ensure steam admission to depth of maximum 1-2 mm, are used for complete oxidation of iron and its subsequent reduction. Further, iron storage is sectioned, and new sections are put in operation in succession as the rate of hydrogen emission in operating section reduces.
NOVELTY - A solar cell using a compound semiconductor is provided to increase short circuit current, by forming a thin GaAs layer having a small area while using predetermined heat and pressure and by inserting the compound semiconductor into an intrinsic region of the solar cell of a p-i-n structure while using a compliant substrate like the GaAs layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - N-GaAs(15) is formed on an N+-GaAs substrate(14). Predetermined heat and pressure is applied to the n-GaAs so that a covalent bond with the n-GaAs is carried out to form the GaAs layer. A compound semiconductor layer having an energy bandgap smaller than that of the GaAs layer and an GaAs layer are sequentially stacked on the GaAs layer at least twice to form a quantum well layer. P-GaAs(18) is formed on the quantum well layer. P-GaAs is doped to the p-GaAs to form p+-GaAs(20). Each electrode(22) is formed in the n+-GaAs substrate and the p+-GaAs.
NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell using a surface modified indium tin oxide and method for preparing the same are provided to improve a light transmission rate and a surface flatness rate of an n-type semiconductor by forming a surface modified layer on an indium tin oxide layer as a front electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A front electrode(13) is formed on a glass substrate(11). The front electrode(13) has thickness of 1000 to 5000 angstrom. A surface modified layer(14) is formed by irradiating ions on the front electrode(13). The surface modified layer(14) has thickness of 30 angstrom. An n-type semiconductor layer(15) is formed on a surface of the surface modified layer(14). The n-type semiconductor layer(15) is formed by using a CBD(Chemical Bath Deposition) method. A p-type semiconductor layer(17) is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer(15). The p-type semiconductor layer(17) is formed by one of CdTe, Hg1-xCdxTe, CuInSe2, Cu(InGa)Se2, and CuInS2. A rear electrode(19) as an ohmic contact layer is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer(17).
NOVELTY - A method of grinding an angle of edge for electrode separation of a solar cell is provided to increase the quantity of electricity of a solar cell according to an increase of area by grinding only the corner of an edge of a wafer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A surface of a wafer is etched by performing an etch process. An anti-reflective layer is formed by performing a diffusion process. A printing process for the wafer is performed. An electrode is separated by performing a thermal process. A positive pole(1) is surrounded by a negative pole(2). A corner of an edge of a wafer(4) including the positive pole(1) and the negative pole(2) is ground as much as a predetermined angle(tau) by using a grinding machine(3). The quantity of electricity generated from a solar cell is increased proportionally to an increase of an area of the edge. A grinding time is reduced by grinding only a corner of the edge instead of a whole surface of the edge.
NOVELTY - Array of nitride semiconductor seed crystals (2) are formed on heterogeneous substrate (1). Nitride semiconductor layer (5) with T-shaped cross-section is formed between the two seed crystals after stopping growth of the seed crystals along horizontal direction. End faces of seed crystals are covered by two other nitride semiconductor layers, such that seed crystals are not completely covered.    USE - Nitride semiconductor substrate for solar cell, LED, laser diode, solar cell and photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate provides favorable electrical characteristics and improved life span.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for nitride semiconductor substrate manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the manufacturing process of the nitride semiconductor substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heterogeneous substrate (1)    Seed crystals (2)    Nitride semiconductor layer (5)
NOVELTY - Wet etching is performed on a glass-substrate (1) to form a 0.1 to 5 mum pitch, after performing sand-blast processing using grinding particles in the range of 1000-2000. Fine corrugated shape portions with inclination angle in the range of 5-10 degrees with respect to arbitrary vertical cross-section of the glass substrate, is formed.    USE - For roughening glass substrate used in display device, photoelectric conversion devices such as thin-film poly crystal silicon solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Generation of cracks is eliminated. High through put and low-cost are realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film poly crystal silicon solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of thin-film poly crystal silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    glass-substrate (1)
NOVELTY - A temperature detector (32) detects the exit gas temperature of a combustor (6) and a gas analyzer (34) detects the amount of unburnt gas in the exit gas. A controller (40) generates control signal based on the detected temperature and unburnt gas, and outputs the control signal to a gas-flow rate controlling valve (22) and a gas selector valve (24).    USE - Hydrogen generator for fuel-cell power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - Enables preventing the atmosphere discharge and abnormal temperature rise of combusted gas in combustor, thereby ensuring safety operation of the hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    combustor (6)    gas-flow rate controlling valve (22)    gas selector valve (24)    temperature detector (32)    gas analyzer (34)    controller (40)
NOVELTY - An optical energy-electrical energy conversion system has a self-assembled monolayer formed by applying self-organization to at least one compound (I) on the surface of an indium-tin oxide electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The optical energy-electrical energy conversion system using the indium tin oxide electrode chemically modified by a porphyrin-fullerene linkage molecule has dramatically enhanced quantum efficiency generated from photoelectric current    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optical energy-electrical energy conversion system has a self-assembled monolayer formed by applying self-organization to at least one compound of formula (I) on the surface of an indium-tin oxide electrode:    R1 = O3Si-, carboxylate ester, or phosphoric ester;    X1-X3 = single bond, -NH-CO-, -CO-N-H-, -Ph-, -O-, or -CO-O-;    n = 1-20;    Ar = optionally bulky substituent-bearing phenyl;    M = 2H, Zn;    R2 = groups of formulae (a) or (b);    R = alkyl.
NOVELTY - A pair of sealing rolls (48,50) arranged at microgap distance, seals the opening in the partition wall provided between the heat processing chamber (16) and the plasma processing room (18). A sheet (S) passing through the gap has its either ends making specific angles with respect to center line of the gap.    USE - For manufacturing magnetic tape, solar cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple structure in which mixing of impure gas is prevented. Performs favorable surface treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gas seal structure of continuous sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side sectional drawing of surface treatment apparatus.    heat processing chamber (16)    plasma processing room (18)    sealing rolls (48,50)    sheet (S)
NOVELTY - A sintered compact target contains a solid solution of germanium which is substituted to an indium site of indium oxide of a cutting tool type crystal structure.    USE - Used for manufacturing a low resistor transparent electrically conductive film used for solar cells and liquid crystal display devices.    ADVANTAGE - The sintered compact target has increased specific resistance and large industrial value. A low resistor transparent electrically conductive film, is obtained stably at high speed from the sintered compact target, without heating a substrate and without producing arcing even when high electric power is used.
NOVELTY - An alloy containing titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr) and vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo) and/or tungsten (W) is produced by subjecting the components to an arc or a plasma arc while rotating.    USE - Production of hydrogen-absorbing alloy with a body-centered-cubic structure as a major phase.    ADVANTAGE - The method exhibits less mixing of impurities (including oxygen, carbon and nitrogen) compared with conventional dissolution processes even for high-melting point and high-activity alloys. The alloy exhibits high hydrogen absorption and release.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a hydrogen-absorbing alloy involves:    (a) using equipment, in which the alloy is installed so that its rotation axis may be R and generating an arc or a plasma arc with the alloy forming a rotor and rotating the alloy;    (b) dissolving the alloy in the equipment;    (c) placing a cylindrical casting mold rotating around the alloy so that the rotation axis L and the rotation axis R of the casting mold may have an inclination, theta; and    (d) coagulating the alloy on the inner wall of the casting mold.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has chambers (20-22) which are provided with substrate conveyance belt (49). The chambers (20,22) have sputtering mechanisms and all the chambers have respective vacuum exhaust ports (23-25).    USE - For producing multilayered reflection film for use in laminated optoelectric transducer for use in tandem solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High quality multilayered reflection film is manufactured easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for multilayered reflection film production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the multilayered reflection film production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Chambers (20-22)    Vacuum exhaust ports (23-25)    Substrate conveyance belt (49)
NOVELTY - The aromatic polyamide film has a thickness of 2-30 microns and refractive index of 0.02 or less. The foreign material adhering to the polyamide film has a maximum diameter of more than 10 microns.    USE - For e.g. printer ribbon, magnetic tape, capacitor, resistor, electric insulating material, solar cell, circuit board.    ADVANTAGE - The circuit board is manufactured easily and efficiently without disconnection or notches.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a metal laminated sheet.
NOVELTY - Conductive film comprises a support with at least one surface introduced with ionic groups to which conductive fine particles with electrical charges, so as to be bondable to the ionic groups, are electrostatically bonded.    USE - Used as conductive films for display elements of plasma, EL and LC type, e.g. as used in mobile phones, and films for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive film has excellent electrical conductivity, high strength, good adhesiveness to the support, high scratch resistance and excellent durability. The conductive film can be manufactured economically. The graft polymer has a strong ability to adsorb charged particles, and allows arrangement and dense line-up of conductive particles.
NOVELTY - Direct methanol fuel cell comprises an anode/electrolyte/cathode unit and devices for applying a positive current or voltage pulse on the cathode.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Increased fuel cell yield is obtained. Harmful adsorbates on the cathode or the catalyst of the cathode are constantly eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a direct methanol fuel cell stack comprising at least one fuel cell; and    (ii) methods for operating the above fuel cell. Preferred Features: A generator applies a positive current or voltage pulse on the cathode.
NOVELTY - The sintered compact includes a porous ceramic layer of thickness 300 micrometers or more and a dense ceramic layer of thickness 25 micrometers or less. The sintered compact has a helium leak rate of 10 power -6 Paxm3/s or less.    USE - For electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves operation efficiency of cell. Restrains deterioration of cell and retention of cell output at a high level after repeated start-up and stop test.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the laminated ceramic sintered compact.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell/battery comprises an amine coordination compound to allow use of amine as a direct electrochemical oxidation fuel in an alkaline fuel cell/battery.    USE - The fuel cell/battery is used for telecommunications, cellular phones, laptop computers, palmtop computers, global positioning system devices, and any other desired devices.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a high specific energy and power density, and efficiency; low oxygen electrode polarization; lower cost due to the use of commercially available metals for flow fields and bipolar plates; and low temperature and medium temperature operations. It also uses non-noble catalyst, minimizes activation energy losses at the cathode, minimizes concentration polarization losses in the fuel cell at higher current density during operations, and has no water management problem.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a combination electricity consuming device and fuel cell/battery comprising an electricity consuming device, and the inventive fuel cell/battery electrically coupled to the electricity consuming device for providing power;    (b) a cellular telephone comprising a receiver, a transmitter, and the inventive fuel cell/battery coupled to the receiver and transmitter;    (c) a method for providing electricity by using an amine as a direct oxidation fuel in an alkaline fuel cell battery; and    (d) a method for replenishing the inventive fuel cell/battery comprising removing a spent first cartridge from the fuel cell/battery, and attaching a second cartridge to the fuel cell/battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of an amine-based fuel cell/battery with high specific energy density.    Housing (11)    Amine coordination compound (17)    Electrocatalyst (22, 24)    Glass mat (23)    Amine chamber (30)    Oxidant chamber (31)
NOVELTY - An amorphous film (13) containing an impurity is formed on a substrate (11) and a metal layer is formed on the amorphous film. The formed film is heat-treated and an electric field is applied to crystallize the amorphous film.    USE - For thin film transistor liquid crystal display, solar cells and image sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The crystallization is performed at low temperature and a polycrystalline thin film having excellent crystallinity is obtained. The silica film prevents the diffusion impurities from the substrate to the amorphous silicon thin film and cuts off thermal flow into the substrate. The relative reduction of incubation time, nucleation rate and acceleration of grain growth rate by crystallizing the impurity growth silicon thin film, provides a large sized and high quality polycrystalline silicon grains, thereby enhancing the crystallinity and mobility of the display device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fabricating liquid crystal display.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the amorphous silicon film.    substrate (11)    amorphous film (13)
NOVELTY - A flow field plate forming material is manufactured by providing a sheet of a compressed mass of expanded graphite particles (10) having first and second parallel, opposed surfaces (30). The sheet is treated with a water resistant additive to render it more hydrophobic than an untreated sheet to form a treated sheet. The sheet is formed into a flow field plate.    USE - The material is used for the manufacture of a flow field plate forming material useful for an electrochemical fuel cell, e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The material provides a void-free to optimize electrical and thermal conductivities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a pair of rollers used for the inventive method.    Graphite particles (10)    Opposed surfaces (30)
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises zirconia-supported, alkali-metal-modified ruthenium catalyst on a porous substrate. The porous substrate has an average pore size of 1-1000 micron.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive catalyst exhibits carbon monoxide conversion of greater than 70% and carbon dioxide selectivity of at least 80%, when it is tested using a reactant gas mixture containing carbon monoxide (8%), carbon dioxide (7%), hydrogen (38%) and water (47%) at a contact time of 50 or 25 ms and a temperature of 325 degreesC or 420 degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) A reactor for fuel-processing system, comprising an inlet, a reaction chamber containing the novel catalyst, an outlet, and a microchannel heat exchanger in thermal contact with the reaction chamber; and    (b) A hydrogen-production system, comprising a fuel tank; a primary conversion reactor with a fuel inlet, reaction chamber and exhaust outlet for converting fuel to carbon monoxide; and a water-gas shift reactor as above, whose reactor outlet is connected to the exhaust outlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a plot of carbon monoxide conversion and carbon dioxide selectivity versus temperature.
NOVELTY - A fuel supply device for a fuel cell is provided, to supply the fuel to the cell of a direct methanol fuel cell and to discharge the carbon dioxide generated by the battery reaction simultaneously.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel supply device(20) comprises a fuel electrode and an air electrode placed at the both sides of an electrolyte; and a supply hole and a discharge hole(30) placed at the fuel electrode side and the air electrode side, wherein the fuel supply hole supplying the storage fuel and the gas discharge hole receiving the gas discharged from the stack(22), and the connection part to be sealed is formed at the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell stack; and the gas discharge part which is fixed to the one side of the external part of the fuel tank, has a gas permeable membrane(36), and discharges the gas charted inside of the fuel tank by the pressure of the gas to the exterior of the tank.    The gas permeable membrane is made of fluoride resin fiber, polyalkene, cellulosics, polyvinyl, polysulfone and polyamide.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has ion exchange resin tubes (115-117) through which impure water recovered from reacted gas is passed, to purify the water. The purified water is then sent to a fuel cell (11).    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The quality of water is maintained over a long period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an ion exchange container; and    (2) an ion exchange resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block flow diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (11)    Ion exchange resin tubes (115-117)
NOVELTY - The manufacturing apparatus includes silicon boards (2) provided to internal structure of reactor (1), so that accretionary growth of silicon crystal is carried out on the silicon boards, for easy removal of reaction product.    USE - For manufacturing silicon used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the growth of silicon crystal is carried out on the silicon board, easy removal of the silicon adhering to board is enabled, thus manufacturing process is simplified, manufacturing time and product cost are reduced. Silicon of high purity can be manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the internal structure of the reactor in the silicon manufacturing apparatus.    reactor (1)    silicon board (2)
NOVELTY - The melting pot main unit is made of graphite sintered compact, aluminum oxide sintered compact or silicon-carbide sintered compact. A nozzle (2) formed of silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, cubic boron nitride or diamond, ejects the melted solution of silicon which is made into silicon grain.    USE - For melting inorganic substance such as silicon used in photoelectric converter such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables maintaining stable shape of grain-shaped silicon at high temperature, by providing nozzle with specified materials which also increases the usage number of nozzle and hence its industrial value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the melting pot. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    nozzle (2)
NOVELTY - An evaporator evaporates raw material supplied to modifier. The combustors are serially connected to evaporator, so that the heating gas ejected from evaporator is introduced into downstream side of combustors to generate the reformed gas.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Evaporates raw material for reformation with sufficient responsiveness with respect to load fluctuation of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A controller (33) presumes the electric power for starting a fuel reformer (1), when an operator switches ON the ignition key. When the presumed power is greater than a preset value the controller (33) inhibits start of fuel reformer.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Power consumption is effectively reduced during start of fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell assembly. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reformer (1)    controller (33)
NOVELTY - Latching portions (61,62) of a latch (6) are engaged with the engagement portions (111,112) of the solar cell module (51) of the waterborne side and water bottom respectively, to overlap the engagement portions of the solar cell module.    USE - Solar cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Assembling and exchange operation of the solar cell module is performed reliably. Prevents reliable displacement of the solar cell modules. Reduces construction time of the solar cell apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) solar cell apparatus installation; and    (2) solar cell apparatus exchange.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell apparatus.    latch (6)    solar cell module (51)    latching portions (61,62)    engagement portions (111,112)
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a substrate (3A) which is arranged such that it is pulled from a semiconductor or metal melt solution when the nodal line on the substrate main surface and metal solution surface is smaller.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Manufactures a flat surface crystal sheet without a curvature at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a crystal sheet manufacturing method; and    (2) a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the crystal sheet manufacturing apparatus.    Rotational cooling object (1)    Rotary axis (2)    Substrate (3A)
NOVELTY - A metal alkoxide is hydrolyzed to produce a precursor sol. The precursor sol is applied to the surface of a porous support (2) and baked to form an oxide film (3) having pores (4) by siloxane bonding and silanol group. The oxide film is exposed to water vapor of 150-500 degreesC to form a fluid separation filter (1).    USE - For apparatus used for separating specific gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide; foodstuff and pharmaceutical manufacturing apparatus; fuel cells; for concentrating specific gas; waste water treatment and desalination plants.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces a fluid separation filter excellent in water resistance and time-dependent reliability. The process efficiently and quickly performs the adsorption of water into a pore. The rapid structural change on the surface of a film is suppressed and a remarkable reduction of a membranous transmission rate is prevented. The temperature of the water vapor is higher than the service temperature of the fluid separation filter such that water remains in the pore and a stable transparency with a small variation in time course is achieved. Pores containing a siloxane bonding and a silanol group are formed efficiently and stably as silicon is contained in the metal alkoxide. The metal alkoxide containing titanium, zirconium, aluminum and/or phosphorus prevents deformation of the filter by the temperature rise, and improves thermal stability, chemical-resistance and heat-resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fluid separation filter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded sectional view of the fluid separation filter.    Gas-separation filter (1)    Porous support (2)    Oxide film (3)    Pore (4)
NOVELTY - The system comprises an ammonia adsorption tower (5) packed with vanadium oxide group ammonia adsorbent and the processing temperature of the tower is set 100-200 degreesC.    USE - Sewage gas fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables supplying stable electric power, while removing ammonia in the generated heating gas in modification process efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the sewage gas fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Ammonia adsorption tower (5)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of highly pure silicon (Si) comprises: (1) purifying silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), generated by reacting Si raw material and chlorine gas; and (2) contacting SiCl4 and Zn, vaporized at 900-1100 degreesC, for zinc reduction process, inside a furnace. Zinc chloride produced as a by-product in furnace is separated, and highly pure Zn and chlorine gas are recovered by electrolysis and recycled.    USE - The method is useful for manufacturing silicon for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method recycles the by-products produced in the zinc reducing process, and eliminates the flow of waste material out of the system causing a reduction in cost of silicon manufacturing process.
NOVELTY - The height of the upper face of the solar panel (481) and the height of the upper face of the adjacent tile material (43), are approximately equal.    USE - In residential building.    ADVANTAGE - As the continuity of the roof surface is improved, the aesthetic appearance of the roof is enhanced. Enables easy draining of waste water in roof. Eliminates collection of rain water on the solar cell panel. As gap for ventilation is provided in the roof, the solar cell is cooled efficiently. Hence, reduction of the energy conversion efficiency by the temperature rise is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a tiled roof.    Tile material (43)    Solar panel (481)
NOVELTY - A bus-bar (109) is attached to the collector electrodes (108) by filling electroconductive paste or solder in the openings formed in the bus-bar.    USE - Photovoltaic cell e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents extrusion of electroconductive paste from bus-bar and provides photovoltaic cell having favorable characteristics and high reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top elevational view of the photovoltaic cell.    Collector electrodes (108)    Bus-bar (109)
NOVELTY - A metal rod (202) of a concrete structure (201), is connected to the anode of a solar cell (100) provided on adjacent concrete structure.    USE - For solar power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of the concrete structure supporting the solar cell is prevented effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar power generation system; and    (2) Construction structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the wiring structure of solar cell module.    Solar cell (100)    Concrete structure (201)    Metal rod (202)
NOVELTY - The gas containing fluorinated silicon and hydrogen is introduced in a vacuum vessel. The light emission intensity of a plasma generated from silicon fluoride is more than that of plasma generated from hydrogen.    USE - For forming silicon thin film (claimed) in photovoltaic cell (claimed) such as solar cell and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by setting light emission intensity of plasma in specific range. Improves adhesion and environmental resistance of the silicon thin film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Silicon thin film; and    (2) Photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of photovoltaic cell.
NOVELTY - A junction support layer (6) made of an organic material with boiling point below the junction temperature of the substrate (1) is formed at the junction of crystallized particles. The junction layer is heated at an inert atmosphere above an eutectic temperature, so as to join the crystallized particles with the substrate.    USE - For manufacturing photoelectric converter used in solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - High density crystalline semiconductor particles are joined with the substrate effectively at high bonding strength.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of photoelectric converter under various manufacturing stages.    Substrate (1)    Junction support layer (6)
NOVELTY - An etching slot is formed in a semiconductor layer (11) by laser etching the semiconductor layer. An element separating groove (17) is formed in the etching slot by cleavage of the semiconductor layer.    USE - For integrating thin film e.g. solar battery element in manufacture of single-crystal-silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The yield and throughput are improved by providing element separating groove. Weight reduction is achieved by the flexibility of the thin film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of integrated thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the manufacturing process of the integrated solar cell.    Semiconductor layer (11)    Element separating groove (17)
NOVELTY - A heterogeneous substrate (1) for a nitride semiconductor is removed by a wire saw, after forming a growth boundary surface on a nitride semiconductor (3) grown on the heterogeneous substrate.    USE - For fabricating nitride semiconductor substrate for electronic devices, LED, semiconductor laser diode, solar cell and photo sensor etc.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains thick-film growth of nitride semiconductor on the heterogeneous substrate to reduce the penetration transposition of the heterogeneous substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the nitride semiconductor.    Heterogeneous substrate (1)    Nitride semiconductor (3)
NOVELTY - The wafer carrier (20) consists of a box-shaped object surrounded by metal plates (21,23) with a space to hold wafers (100) in parallel. The wafer held by the wafer carrier is immersed in a solder tank for surface treatment, so that the melting solder does not adhere to the wafer carrier.    USE - Wafer carrier for solar cell wafer.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the generation of cracks in wafers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solder processing method; and    (2) Solar cell wafer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the wafer carrier.    Wafer carrier (20)    Metal plates (21,23)
NOVELTY - A solution containing organic polymer and a reactive metal compound, is sprayed on a metal strip (3). The coating layer formed on the metal strip is dried by roll conveyance or tenter conveyance process.    USE - For electronic display element, electro-optic element, touch panel, solar cell, liquid crystal display element, CCD, CMOS sensor, organic EL display device, etc., for mobile telephone and portable information terminal.    ADVANTAGE - The optical film with high water vapor permeability is manufactured efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optical film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of optical film manufacturing method.    Metal strip (3)
NOVELTY - Apparatus for producing hydrogen comprises reformer for converting hydrocarbon gas and water into hydrogen, further reformer products and heat exchangers arranged between catalyst stages. The flow of hydrogen and reformer products is radially directed with falling temperature profile within catalyst stages. The heat exchangers are arranged in annular chambers formed between the catalyst stages.    USE - Used in the operation of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Apparatus for producing hydrogen comprises a reformer (1) for converting hydrocarbon gas and water into hydrogen and further reformer products; and heat exchangers (7,8,9) arranged between catalyst stages. The flow of hydrogen and the further reformer products is radially directed with a falling temperature profile within the catalyst stages (2,3,4). The heat exchangers are arranged in annular chambers (10,11,12) formed between the catalyst stages.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the apparatus.    Reformer (1)    Catalyst stages (2, 3, 4)    Heat exchangers (7, 8, 9)    Annular chambers (10, 11, 12)    Cylindrical housing (17)    Cover (18)    Base (19)
NOVELTY - Device for selectively oxidizing components of a material stream comprises a catalyst in a plate arrangement in which media chambers (2) are arranged between at least two plates (4). Fins or bars (5) are provided in the media chambers to introduce or deviate thermal energy and/or simultaneously guide the material stream.    USE - Used in vehicle fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cold start times are significantly reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the device.    Media chambers (2)    Plates (4)    Bars (5)    Splitting chamber (7)
NOVELTY - Bipolar plate for fuel cells has a metallic coating formed on at least a part of the metal base plate. The base plate is formed from a metal or metal alloy of at least1 selected from iron, nickel, their alloys and stainless steel. The coating contains a conductive oxide coating of platinum group metals.    USE - Used in the production of electrode-ion exchange assemblies for fuel cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - A bipolar plate is produced cheaply with high stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) the manufacture of this bipolar plate for fuel cells by applying a solution containing the platinum group compound on the metal base plate, substituting at least a part of the metal atoms of the base plate with platinum group metal atoms and oxidizing at least a part of the metal of the base plate surface and platinum group metal in an oxidizing atmosphere; (2) an electrode-ion exchange membrane assembly where a cathode and an anode are adhered on both sides of an ion exchange membrane and at least1 of the cathode and anode is rigid; (3) the manufacture of the electrode-ion exchange membrane assembly; (4) a fuel cell including the assembly; and (5) a zero gap-type electrolytic device including the assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a fuel cell with a bipolar plate and an electrode-ion exchange membrane assembly.    Fuel cell unit (1)    Perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid ion exchange film (2)    Anode (3)    Cathode (4)    Exhaust flow path (5)    Gas supply structure (6)    Exhaust flow path (7)    Gas flow structure (8)    Bipolar plate (9)    Bipolar plate (10)
NOVELTY - Coated plate-like metal object has a coating made from an open electrically conducting layer containing a partially oxidized metal.    USE - Used as a bipolar plate, cooling layer or gas distribution structure of a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The object can be easily coated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a coated plate-like metal object comprising depositing an open layer on the object to be coated, and partially oxidizing.    Preferred Features: The coating is electrically conducting in the whole region of degrees of oxidation. The partially oxidized metal is RuOx (where, x = 0-4). The metal object is made from high grade steel.
NOVELTY - Shaped catalyst units for high temperature shift reaction are produced by precipitating a composition containing divalent and trivalent iron and a trivalent modifier metal including chromium or manganese from an aqueous solution having iron and modifier metal salts with a base; and forming the precipitate into shaped catalyst units without exposing it to an oxidizing atmosphere at above 200 degreesC.    USE - The method is used for the production of shape catalyst units, preferably in pellet, granule, tablet, or extrudate form (claimed), for high temperature shift reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method provides catalyst units with improved performance, and without the need for a reduction step prior to use. The catalyst units do not suffer from a volume change (i.e. shrinkage) caused by the reduction step required for haematite-based catalysts. Stable catalyst volumes provide better packing, lower pressure drop, and potentially higher loadings of active catalyst in a given vessel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a shift process comprising passing a mixture of carbon monoxide and steam over a bed of shaped catalyst units.
NOVELTY - Operating a fuel cell comprises oxidizing hydrogen at an anode with an absorbed catalyst that contains a hydrogenase in direct electronic contact with anode.    USE - For operating a fuel cell used to convert the energy of a fuel directly into electrochemical and thermal energy.    ADVANTAGE - The cost of producing the enzymes used in the invention is lower than the cost of platinum catalysts. The cost effectiveness of the enzymes is increased by their production on a large scale, enabling the possibility of much larger scale fuel cell systems, e.g. industrial power plants, to be contemplated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the inventive fuel cell.
NOVELTY - An energy supply station comprises: (i) chemical converter(s) to receive fuel and for processing the fuel to form an output medium including carbon dioxide; (ii) a separation stage for separating a chemical component from the output medium; (iii) a collection element in liquid circuit with the separation stage for collecting the carbon dioxide; and (iv) a vehicle interface for interfacing-with the vehicle.    USE - For converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen and/or electricity for delivery to a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The device has operational efficiency, cost-effectiveness and versatility. It has also environmental advantage-zero emission of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides or carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic block diagram illustrating the process flow of the reactants and exhaust in a low emission energy supply station.
NOVELTY - A coiled filament (4) provided with a substrate (7) with catalytic coating (8), is placed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber (1). Air present in the chamber is evacuated and the filament is heated and a bias voltage is applied between the filament and substrate. A reactant gas is introduced into the chamber and pyrolyzed, to deposit carbon nanotubes on the substrate.    USE - For forming carbon nanotubes for use in fuel cells, emission devices, catalysts, filtration and purification, and sensors and microelectro-mechanical manufacturing systems technology.    ADVANTAGE - The method forms densely-packed carbon nanotubes by a batch process. The carbon nanotubes are formed in a high-density, close-packed configuration to enable large-scale production. The carbon nanotubes are densely-packed and can be easily separated from the substrate without damage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for apparatus for forming carbon nanotubes which has a CVD chamber, inlet (2) for reactant gas, substrate holder (6) and heater for pyrolyzing the reactant gas. The heater comprises a coiled filament and the holder is electrically biased to the coiled filament.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of an apparatus used for forming carbon nanotubes on a single substrate.    chemical vapor deposition chamber (1)    gas inlet (2)    coiled filament (4)    substrate holder (6)    substrate (7)    catalytic coating (8)
NOVELTY - A water-vapor mixing apparatus includes a thin-plate laminated structure (300) having several dividing-wall and flow-path plates (330,340) arranged alternately. A reformed gas flow-path and a water flow-path are provided at the flow-path plate. The water flowing in the water flow-path is heated by reformed gas, such that the generated water vapor flows in the reformed-gas path.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The size of the fuel reformer is reduced, since the water-vapor mixing apparatus includes the thin-plate laminated structure. The heat exchange is performed efficiently by the reformed-gas flow-path and water flow-path.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) water-vapor mixing apparatus; and    (2) water-vapor mixing apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of the thin-plate laminated structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    thin-plate laminated structure (300)    dividing-wall plate (330)    flow-path plate (340)
NOVELTY - A carbon packed container (3) is immersed in a coolant container (5) which is surrounded by a heat insulating container (7).    USE - Hydrogen storage container.    ADVANTAGE - Enables storage of large quantity of hydrogen over a long period of time, due to immersing the carbon packed container in the coolant container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen gas storage container.    Carbon packed container (3)    Coolant container (5)    Heat insulating container (7)
NOVELTY - An inlet is provided between a gas-liquid mixing vaporizer (12) and modification catalysts (14,15). A high temperature gas ventilation is arranged adjacent to the modification catalysts, which takes high temperature gas produced by combustion of mixed fuel and ventilates it.    USE - Reformer for producing reformed gas from fuel containing hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel is reformed efficiently by maintaining temperature of modification catalyst to preset range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modifier.    gas-liquid mixing vaporizer (12)    modification catalysts (14,15)
NOVELTY - Reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is supplied continuously or intermittently on a selective oxidation catalyst (12) comprising platinum, ruthenium or iridium, supported on a carrier comprising active metal like zeolite. The catalyst is always made to contact the reformed gas in presence of oxygen containing gas.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide in reformed gas from methanol reformer used in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - High activity of catalyst is maintained for long duration and selective oxidation is performed with high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of carbon monoxide removal method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst (12)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor production system includes a hydrogen oxygen fuel-cell type decomposition unit (24) for dehydrogenation or de-ammoniation of exhaust gas.    USE - Semiconductor production system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables processing combustible gas emitted in semiconductor manufacturing process and thereby recovering chemical energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the semiconductor production system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    decomposition unit (24)
NOVELTY - The covering material consists of a 1,3,5-triazine ring compound with ultraviolet-absorbing optionally substituted phenyl group(s).    USE - For coating onto incident light side of a photovoltaic cell of a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Volatilization of ultraviolet absorber which suppresses photodegradation of resin is restrained. Reduction in weight and cost of the solar cell module are attained using the covering material, without reduction in weather resistance. The solar cell module has excellent productivity, weather resistance, light resistance and heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell module which comprises covering material as surface coating material coated to incident light side of a photovoltaic cell (101).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar cell module.    Photovoltaic cell (101)
NOVELTY - The organosulfur-compound-containing liquid oil is processed by an oxidizing agent. The processed liquid oil is then sequentially contacted with absorbents (I,II) which are used as desulfurizing agents (I,II).    USE - For desulfurizing organosulfur-compound-containing liquid oils for hydrogen manufacture (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurization method efficiently removes the sulfur content in organosulfur-compound-containing liquid oils, by using absorbents having excellent durability. The processed desulfurized organosulfur-compound-containing liquid oil enables effective manufacture of hydrogen used for fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organosulfur-compound-containing liquid oil is natural gas, alcohol, ether, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), naphtha, gasoline, lamp oil, light oil, fuel oil, asphaltene oil, oil-sand oil, coal liquid, petroleum type heavy oil, shale oil, waste-plastic oil and/or biofuel. The oxidizing agent is oxygen, air, nitrogen tetroxide, ozone, chlorine, bromine, metasodium periodide, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, chromic acid anhydride and/or hypochlorus acid. The absorbent is silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite, titania, zirconia, magnesia, zinc oxide, clay, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon and/or insoluble synthetic resin. Desulfurizing agent (II) contains nickel, silver, chrome, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, palladium, iridium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium and/or gold.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacture.
NOVELTY - A pair of detectors detect the flow rate of reformed gas supplied to a combustion catalyst (9) and the concentration of reformed gas component. A controller (50) controls the air content supplied to the combustion catalyst depending on the detection results, so that the temperature of the catalyst reaches a prescribed value.    USE - For control of a hydrogen fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Deterioration of the combustion catalyst is prevented by controlling the air content supplied to the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion catalyst (9)    Controller (50)
NOVELTY - A battery cell stack satisfies the inequality ISDxTP/F more than QV, where QV is the number of moles of vanadium (V) ions in positive-pole electrolysis liquid, TP is the time for generation of vanadium (V) ions from the electrolysis liquid, F is the Faraday constant and ISD is the self-discharging current of the battery.    USE - Vanadium redox-flow battery.    ADVANTAGE - The deposition of vanadium (V) ions on the battery is prevented efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the vanadium redox-flow battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element has a number of pin junctions, each formed of a p-type, i-type and n-type semiconductor layers, each composed of a non-single crystal material composed of a group-IV element. A first pin junction of the element is composed of microcrystalline silicon carbide (microcrystal SiC) as a principal component of the i-type semiconductor layer and is formed closer to the light incidence layer than a second pin junction comprising microcrystalline silicon (microcrystal Si) as a principal component of the i-type semiconductor. The average grain diameter and/or the volume percentage of the microcrystal semiconductor forming the i-type semiconductor layer are varied with the change in compositional ratio of carbon in the i-type semiconductor layer comprising microcrystal SiC.    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic elements for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The element is produced at reduced manufacturing costs, has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and little photo-deterioration    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photovoltaic element preferably has a third pin junction comprising microcrystal silicon germanium (microcrystal SiGe) as a principle component of the i-type semiconductor layer, the second pin junction being sandwiched between the first and third pin junctions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a photovoltaic element.    Substrate (101)    Back surface electrode (102)    Transparent conductive layer (103)    n-Type semiconductor layer (104)    Intrinsic semiconductor layer (105)    p-Type semiconductor layer (106)    n-Type semiconductor layer (107)    i-Type semiconductor layer (108)    p-Type semiconductor layer (109)    Transparent electrode (110)    Collector electrode (111)
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to hydrogen preparation. Hydrogen is prepared through the reaction of metal aluminum powder with average size of 10 nm to 10 nm with water solution of sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.1-30 % in a reactor.    ADVANTAGE - The present invention has low material cost, easily controlled reaction speed, stable hydrogen output, no environmental pollution and other advantages and is especially suitable for hydrogen fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen preparing apparatus includes liquid container, reactor, aluminum powder container, hydrogen storing tank and liquid exhaust unit connected via pipeline and valve.
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to the preparation of hydrogen.    USE - For preparing hydrogen used in automobile fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The present invented process is low in hydrogen preparation cost, high in safety and the apparatus is simple in structure, and is especially suitable for in automobile with fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the vehicular hydrogen preparing process, solid matter CaH2 a/o NaBH4, catalyst containing active matter Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Mn and water are subjected to reaction. The hydrogen preparing apparatus includes reactors, liquid tanks, buffering tank, hydrogen purifier, depressing valve, flow rate measuring meter, pressure sensor, cooling tank with temperature sensor, etc. connected together, and the control signal from the circuit is fed to the controller.
NOVELTY - The device for supplying hydrogen to a main fuel cell comprises an auxiliary fuel cell of which the anode is supplied with a mixture including hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a reformer which then passes through a purifier before delivery to the anode of the main fuel cell. Part of the chemical energy of the carbon monoxide is converted to electrical energy.    USE - The invention is used as an electrical power source for the traction of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The system enables the valorization of the CO resulting from the reforming of a hydrogenated fuel such as an alcohol or hydrocarbon. An increased yield of the fuel cell is thus obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the process for supply of the gaseous mixture and its use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a form of the invention    Hydrogen processor (1)    Main fuel cell (2)    Air supply (3)    Reformer (4)    Inlet for hydrogenated fuel (5)    Auxiliary fuel cell (7)    Anode of cell (8)    Cathode of cell (9)    Auxiliary electrical supply (10)    Purifier (12)    Main anode (14)    Main cathode (15)    Main electrical circuit (16)
NOVELTY - A multilayer structure comprises an organic substrate layer and a multilayer permeation barrier comprising a first inorganic coating contacting a surface of the substrate layer, and a first organic coating contacting a surface of the first inorganic coating.    USE - Useful in manufacturing high-barrier packaging materials, displays, photo voltaic devices, light-emitting devices (preferably organic light emitting device in which light emitting diodes are encased in a barrier envelope comprising the multilayer structure), medical devices or protective coatings (all claimed). The multilayer structure is also useful in producing materials that may replace glass in food and pharmaceutical packaging and in electronic applications (particularly applications related to light emitting or photo voltaic devices based on organic semiconductors). It is also used as protective coatings against attack by aggressive liquids, gases or vapors.    ADVANTAGE - The multilayer structure provides a permeation barrier to water vapor and oxygen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for producing a multilayer permeation barrier structure comprising depositing an inorganic material on an organic substrate (12) to form an inorganic coating (14) in contact with a surface of the organic substrate and depositing an organic coating (16) on the inorganic coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematically a structure of the multilayer structure.    Substrate (12)    Inorganic coating (14)    Organic coating (16)
NOVELTY - A precursor composition for making sintered porous bodies in the form of a dry flowable powder mixture comprises sinterable inorganic particles (10-90 wt.%), binder (10-90 wt.%), and foaming agent (0.25-5 wt.%).    USE - The method is used for making a porous body, i.e. solid low-density open-cell foam, which is useful in the fabrication of devices, e.g. filters, heat exchangers, sound absorbers, electrochemical cathodes, fuel cells, catalyst supports, fluid treatment units, lightweight structures and biomaterials.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method produces open cell materials with unique microstructure by using a dry powder mixture which is easily flowable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a porous body comprising the steps of:    (1) shaping a dry flowable powder mixture of sinterable inorganic particles (10-90 wt.%), binder (10-90 wt.%), and foaming agent (0.25-5 wt.%) into a predetermined form;    (2) heating the product to melt the binder while inducing foaming in the mixture;    (3) heating the solidified mixture to pyrolyze the binder; and    (4) sintering the product to form a solid low-density open-cell foam.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a scanning electron microscopy micrograph showing a copper foam.
NOVELTY - An amorphous-silicon layer (2) is formed on glass substrate (1). A catalyst layer (5) containing catalyst element is arranged on the side walls (2a) of etched portion of an amorphous-silicon layer. A glass substrate is exposed such that amorphous-silicon layer is transformed into crystalline-silicon layer (7) by heat processing.    USE - For manufacturing crystalline-silicon thin-film semiconductor device used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform crystalline-silicon layer is formed in large area, thereby reducing concentration of catalyst element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for crystalline-silicon thin-film semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view illustrating the manufacturing method of crystalline-silicon thin-film semiconductor device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    glass substrate (1)    amorphous-silicon layer (2)    side wall (2a)    catalyst layer (5)    crystalline-silicon layer (7)
NOVELTY - Composition for polycrystallization of amorphous silicon comprises a solvent and compound(s) chosen from nickel tetracarbonyl (Ni(CO)4), complex of nickel carbonate and silicon fluoride (Ni(CO)3(SiF3)2 and complex of nickel carbonate and phosphorus fluoride (Ni(CO)(PF3))3.    USE - For polycrystallization of amorphous silicon, formation of polycrystalline silicon (claimed) and manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The composition enables formation of polycrystalline silicon film by simple method and apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) polycrystallization method of amorphous silicon; and    (2) formation of polycrystalline silicon.
NOVELTY - The system has reactors (9,10) filled with a fuel modification catalyst and a CO2 absorber to promote a fuel modification reaction and a CO2 absorption reaction from a carbon content fuel (3) and water vapor (14). The CO2 absorber which has absorbed CO2, is heated by a combustion gas (15) formed by burning a part of a modification fuel or carbon content fuel.    USE - For collecting CO2 produced accompanying combustion of carbon containing fuel such as town gas, LPG or synthetic fuel like methanol, dimethyl ether, etc., in combustion furnace, boiler, gas turbine, fuel cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - It can be made unnecessary to use excess energy, since a combustion gas formed by burning a part of modification fuel or carbon content fuel can be used for heating CO2 absorber which has absorbed CO2, while collecting the CO2 containing in the combustion exhaust gas. The energy efficiency of a CO2 separation collection system can be improved, as compared to a case of using an amine aqueous solution. The energy efficiency of the energy generation plant using the system can be maintained high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon content fuel and water vapor are introduced into the reactors. The CO2 absorber absorbs the CO2 and generates heat, while a reaction promoter promotes the CO2 absorbing reaction and the fuel modification reaction at the same time, simultaneously to produce CO2 (5) and hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the outline structure of CO2 collection system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon content fuel (3)    CO2 (5)    reactors (9,10)    water vapor (14)    combustion gas (15)
NOVELTY - Gas having methane and water vapor is supplied to layers (1,2) consisting of catalyst used in methane-water vapor modification reaction, and hydrogen, preset ratio of metallic oxide (MO) are produced by water vapor modification reaction. MO is reduced on supplying gas having water vapor, and MO is oxidized and hydrogen is produced when the reaction equilibrium shifts to left and right hand sides, respectively.    USE - For fuel control system used in fuel cells (claimed) of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables to produce hydrogen having reduced amount of carbon monoxide from methane and water vapor, at comparatively lower temperature. The method also produces hydrogen by supplying water vapor hence lot of hydrogen can be produced and stored, safely and rapidly by a simple method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the fuel control system used in fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of fuel control system for fuel cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst layers (1,2)
NOVELTY - The equipment has a reformer (20) which reforms a specified raw material and forms a hydrogen rich reformed gas. A cooler (30) has injectors (33) to inject a liquid cryogen into the outer surface of a flow path (31) of reformed gas from the reformer. A controller (70) controls the temperature of reformed gas by controlling the injection quantity of the liquid cryogen.    USE - For generating hydrogen from specified raw materials containing hydrogen like gasoline, natural gas, other hydrocarbon materials, alcohol, ether, aldehyde, etc., for being used as fuel in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of a hydrogen rich reformed gas produced in a reformer can be controlled to a target temperature by suitably choosing a liquid cryogen and controlling the amount of liquid cryogen injected into the flow path of reformed gas from the reformer. The responsiveness of controlled injection quantity of cryogen can be improved by suitably adopting a feedback or feedforward control. A stabilized hydrogen gas production can be achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformer (20)    cooler (30)    reformed gas flow path (31)    injector (33)    controller (70)
NOVELTY - The refiner has a purifier (8) which removes the carbon monoxide contained in a reforming gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide supplied from a gas feeder with an oxidizing gas fed by an oxidizing gas feeder. The purifier has a honeycomb structural purification catalyst (9a) and a purification catalyst (9b) of grain shape which bear a metal of a noble metal group.    USE - For refining hydrogen gas used as fuel in fuel cells of fuel cell cogeneration system for generation of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size and cost of the hydrogen refiner, with the simplification of structure. The concentration of carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen gas is decreased reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen refiner. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    purifier (8)    purification catalyst of honeycomb structure (9a)    purification catalyst of grain shape (9b)
NOVELTY - A pair of vents (11, 12) are provided at the edge portion of a housing, to supply air to a flow path extended in the direction of a rotary shaft of rotor according to the rotation position of the rotor core.    USE - Used for a power tool, e.g. a screw driver.    ADVANTAGE - A large torque is proved when the load is high, improving the efficiency of the motor apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for motor apparatus control.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the power tool.    Vents (11, 12)
NOVELTY - A fine crystal semiconductor layer used as a mold micro-c-Si:H layer (4) is formed by plasma CVD using the diluted raw material gas. The multiplying factor of raw material gas and electric power for plasma generation are set high with respect to subsequent process in the formation of fine crystal semiconductor layer.    USE - Manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell with high conversion efficiency can be manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Mold micro-c-Si:H layer (4)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of plate-shaped powder involves dissolving multidentate ligand, and compound having alkaline earth metal element, cobalt and plate-shaped crystal growing material, in solvent, gelatinizing solution, baking gel, and growing plate-shaped crystal consisting of layered cobalt oxide. The crystal growing material has the composition that forms layered cobalt oxide.    USE - For the manufacture of crystal oriented ceramic used as thermoelectric transformation material in precise temperature control apparatus, solar power generating device, device generating electricity from fossil fuel, optical detectors, laser diodes, field effect transistor, photomultiplier tubes, spectrophotometer, column chromatography, thermostats, air conditioners, refrigerators and electric power units for clocks.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables to effectively manufacture plate-shaped powder by a comparatively simple process. The plate-shaped powder manufactured has excellent thermoelectric property, and enables to efficiently manufacture highly oriented sintered compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of crystal oriented ceramic.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing the relationship of temperature and performance index of oriented and non-oriented ceramics. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The system has several CO removal units (2A-2C) which are connected to respective modification units (1A-1C), which receive coolant (31) from a supply unit. Valve bulbs (42,44) are connected between the adjacent CO removal units. A controller controls operation of CO removal units based on required electric power generation amount.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Performs reliable control of CO removal based on required electric power generation amount.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    modification units (1A-1C)    CO removal units (2A-2C)    supply unit (4)    coolant (31)    valve bulbs (42,44)
NOVELTY - A preprocessor (18) removes moisture content and carbon dioxide from hydrogen gas and then passes the hydrogen gas to a scrubbing tower (12). The impurities present in the hydrogen gas is removed by passing liquefied natural gas (LNG) from a tank (10) to the tower.    USE - For purifying hydrogen used as fuel in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient purification of the hydrogen gas is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen gas purification system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen gas purification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    tank (10)    scrubbing tower (12)    preprocessor (18)
NOVELTY - Acidic aqueous solution (A) stored in a hydrogen production tank (1) circulates in the liquid circulation path through an ion gathering unit (I) which gathers metal ion from metal (M1) present in the liquid.    USE - Hydrogen generator.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids deterioration of liquid of acidic aqueous solution stored in hydrogen production tank. Suppresses reduction in efficiency of hydrogen production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure show the explanatory drawing of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen production tank (1)    acidic aqueous solution (A)    ion gathering unit (I)    metal (M1)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric transducer has charge transporting layers which contain organic salt (I) with nitrogen-containing anion.    USE - Photoelectric transducer for dye-sensitized photo electrochemical cells, photo sensors or copying machines.    ADVANTAGE - Dye-sensitized photo electrochemical cells with improved storage stability and higher conversion efficiency are provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric transducer has charge transporting layers which contain an organic salt of formula (I).    (R1)n1-W1-N--W2-(R2)n2 Q+ (I)    R1, R2 = alkyl, aryl or alkoxy group;    W1, W2 = C=O, S=O, P=O, triazolyl or tetrazolyl group;    n1, n2 = 0, 1 or 2;    Q+ = organic cation.
NOVELTY - A gas purifier (2) which is arranged in a gas supply path comprises a photocatalyst comprising titanium oxide. A light source (10) which irradiates light at the photocatalyst is energized by electric power of the fuel cell.    USE - Used as a fuel cell vehicle, e.g. a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The impurities in gas supplied to a fuel cell can be removed reliably, and oxygen is produced by action of the photocatalyst, hence operation of the fuel cell is extended and the oxygen supply amount is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas purifier (2)    Light source (10)
NOVELTY - A sprinkler system (440) has several nozzles for discharging water to a heat exchanger (220).    USE - Used for a fuel cell system in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling capacity of the heat exchanger is improved as water is discharged from the nozzles of the sprinkler system to the heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system with the heat exchanger. (Drawing includes non English language text)    Heat Exchanger (220)    Sprinkler system (440)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen production apparatus (22z), hydrogen storage apparatus (24z) and a hydrogen utilization apparatus (2z,3z) are connected in a pipe network (10). A controller (28z) controls the hydrogen production apparatus based on the hydrogen consumption of the apparatus (2z,3z) and the storage and supplying amount of hydrogen from the apparatus (24z).    USE - For hydrogen fuel car.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of the vehicle. Cost reduction for producing hydrogen gas is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen utilization apparatus (2z,3z)    Pipe network (10)    Hydrogen production apparatus (22z)    Hydrogen storage apparatus (24z)    Controller (28z)
NOVELTY - A controller controls supply of hydrogen from a hydrogen supply apparatus to a modification reaction device (3), based on output from an oxidation state detector, to recover modification characteristics of a catalyst in the modification reaction device.    USE - Fuel-cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction in efficiency is prevented, as hydrogen is supplied to the modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification reaction device (3)
NOVELTY - An electric power generator (8) generates electric power based on the hydrogen gas from carbon monoxide removal unit (7). A temperature detector (11) detects the operating temperature of the electric power generator, based on which a controller (12) controls the amount of supply of oxidation gas from oxidation gas feed zone (6) to the carbon monoxide removal unit.    USE - Fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to improve the electric power generation efficiency. Enables to reduce the hydrogen consumption in the purification unit according to the operation state of fuel cell power generating unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen formation apparatus of the fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Oxidation gas feed zone (6)    Carbon monoxide removal unit (7)    Electric power generator (8)    Temperature detector (11)    Controller (12)
NOVELTY - The electrode (3) of one fuel cell is connected to another fuel cell through a platinum mesh (6), by forming metal film (5) on the interconnection layer (4) of fuel cell by vacuum deposition process.    USE - For interconnecting solid type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Mechanical strength is improved by interconnecting fuel cells using metal film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the interconnection structure of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode (3)    Interconnection layer (4)    Metal film (5)    Platinum mesh (6)
NOVELTY - Iron or iron alloy, titanium or titanium alloy and nickel or nickel alloy layers are formed sequentially on the upper and lower sides of a stainless steel base (11), respectively.    USE - Used for brazing components of products (claimed) such as heat exchangers, fuel cells and oil cooler used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The brazing material has good corrosion resisting, oxidation resisting and heat resisting properties and is used for reliably brazing the components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a brazing product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the composite brazing material.    Stainless steel base (11)
NOVELTY - The top and bottom surfaces of a base material (11) are laminated with nickel, titanium and copper layers (12-14), respectively.    USE - Used as a composite material for a brazing product (claimed) such as heat exchangers and fuel cells used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The material has low ratio corrosion and good corrosion resistance. Favorable brazing property can be achieved at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a product brazed by a composite material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the composite material for brazing.    Base material (11)    Nickel layer (12)    Titanium layer (13)    Copper layer (14)
NOVELTY - A Ti-Cr system hydrogen occluding alloy with the (BCC) structured main phase is new.    USE - Used as hydrogen occluding alloy.    ADVANTAGE - This invention has succeeded in manufacturing hydrogen occluding alloy whose capacity at the temperature not higher than 100 degreesC is not less than 3 mass % by introducing a small amount of at least one of Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Re.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A Ti-Cr system hydrogen occluding alloy with the (BCC) structured main phase, whose composition is expressed using atomic % as Ti(100-a-b)CraXb.    a = not less than 20 and not greater than 80;    b = greater than zero and not greater than 10;    X = Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Re.
NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon oil including organic sulfur oxidation compound is treated by an oxidizing agent in a microchannel reactor, to remove the organic sulfur oxidation compound in hydrocarbon oil.    USE - For desulfurizing hydrocarbon oil used for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen for fuel cell is obtained efficiently. Oxidation reaction of sulfur compound is advanced sufficiently and can be de-sulfurized efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - A spiral fin (13) is arranged between the outer wall of inner cylindrical pipe (11) and the outer cylindrical pipe (12). A modification catalyst (14) is filled between the spiral fin. Raw material gas (15) is passed between the spiral fin, according to the flow path.    USE - For manufacture of heating gas used in fuel cell power generators.    ADVANTAGE - As raw material gas is passed according to the flow path, the catalyst is stored in a small space and size of the reformer is compact. The gas flow rate is increased and hence heat transfer is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the general view of the reformer with spiral fin. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    inner cylindrical pipe (11)    Outer cylindrical pipe (12)    Spiral fin (13)    Modification catalyst (14)    Raw material gas (15)
NOVELTY - Exhaust gas flow control method in pressure-swing-adsorption apparatus, involves opening upstream-side valve of exhaust gas storage tank in steps, during blow-down process in each adsorption tower    USE - For controlling flow of exhaust gas in 4-tower type pressure-swing-adsorption apparatus used e.g. for hydrogen refinement.    ADVANTAGE - Internal pressure variation of exhaust gas storage tank is restrained. Reduction of the property of adsorption apparatus is prevented. Deterioration of modifier burner during combustion, when using exhaust gas as fuel, is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the opening of upstream side valve of exhaust gas storage tank in steps. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The metal alkoxide or metallic oxide gel is applied on a transparent conductive layer (2), before forming metallic oxide semiconductor layer (3) on the transparent conductive layer by plasma processing.    USE - For manufacturing pigment sensitization solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since metal alkoxide or metallic oxide gel is applied, the metallic oxide semiconductor layer is laminated without heating transparent conductive layer to high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pigment sensitization solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the pigment sensitization solar cell.    Transparent conductive layer (2)    Metallic oxide semiconductor layer (3)
NOVELTY - The partial etching of surface of silver and aluminum electrodes (4,5) is performed in the thickness direction, after forming the electrodes to the reverse side of semiconductor substrate (1).    USE - For manufacturing solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Suppress the cell crack in the post process by curvature of the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of manufacturing method of solar battery element.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Silver and aluminum electrodes (4,5)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric converter uses at least one bisazo pyrazole compound (I)-(IV) as photoelectric conversion material.    USE - Photoelectric converter.    ADVANTAGE - Good photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric converter uses at least one bisazo pyrazole compound of formula (I)-(IV) as photoelectric conversion material.    A1-A4 = alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heterocycle (optionally having substituent);    m, n = 0, 1 or 2;    carbon-carbon double bond = cis or trans;    Cp1, Cp2 = coupler residues.
NOVELTY - Photoelectric-conversion material has the spherical shell-like carbon as electron donor and acceptor, and linear or cylinder shape carbon as charge transporter.    USE - For photoelectric cell (claimed) such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - A photoelectric conversion material having high stability and high conversion efficiency is obtained at reduced weight and cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photoelectric cell.
NOVELTY - A device has a solid conjugated semiconductor comprising an unmodified hole transport material. The hole transport material is mixed with oxidized hole transport material as a dopant.    USE - The device is for solar cells, particularly solid state solar cells. It is also used in diodes (LEDs), transistors and photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a solid conjugated semiconductor having an increased stability compared to prior art devices and avoids phase separation and degradation. No phase separation and degradation of hole transport material and dopant occurs since they have basically the same structure. The stability is improved compared to the stability of prior art devices resulting in an increased energy conversion efficiency. In contrast to the prior art, no small molecules are added as dopants to the conjugated semiconductor, which means that no additional cation is present in the hole transport material layer. It is possible to prepare an individual dopant for each hole transport material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a mixture comprising a hole transport material and an oxidized hole transport material; and    (B) a method for preparing a device having a solid conjugated semiconductor, preferably a device as above, which comprises:    (i) oxidizing hole transport material;    (ii) mixing the oxidized hole transport material with hole transport material; and    (iii) applying the mixture to a semiconductor oxide layer.
NOVELTY - Hollow fibers have an inner diameter of 1-100 nm and an outer wall of metal-containing inorganic compounds, polymers and/or metals.    USE - The fibers are in separation or storage media for gases, liquids or particle suspensions, dialysis, artificial lungs, protein stores, controlled-release or drug-delivery systems, medical separation technology, cell technology for removal of metabolites, enzymes and other components of cytoplasmas for separation or recovery of biopharmaceuticals, sensor components, micro-reactors, microelectronic wires, cables or capacitors, superconductor technology, composites, fillers, mechanical reinforcement, heat insulation, coatings, fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical reactions, capilliary electrophoresis, scanning microscopy, catalytic systems or dielectrics (especially for chip production) (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Fibers with nanoscalar inner diameters can be produced accurately (e.g. by electrospinning) using a variety of materials such as polymers or metals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of hollow fibers of an inner diameter 1-100 nm by coating a first material with a second material and then degrading the first material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the production of hollow fibers by electrospinning with variants (b) and (c) relating to the build up stages of the fiber and the removal of the core by degradation.
NOVELTY - The non-woven metal fabric comprises metal fibers. The fiber diameter Da at the surface portion of gas inlet side and the fiber diameter Db at central portion of thickness direction satisfies a predetermined equation. The Da at the surface portion of gas inlet side is 15-60 micrometer.    USE - As filters used for purifying exhaust gas from automobiles and semiconductor manufacturing gas, and catalyst carrier of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The non-woven metal fabric has improved corrosion resistance and is obtained inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-woven metal fabric comprises metal fibers. The fiber diameter Da at the surface portion of gas inlet side and fiber diameter Db at the central portion of thickness direction satisfies the equation:    Da is greater than or equal to 1.5 x Db    The Da at the surface portion of gas inlet side is 15-60 micrometer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for non-woven metal fabric manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of non-woven metal fabric.
NOVELTY - Process for pre-treating a nickel-based alloy reactor comprises passing a super critical aqueous solution of an oxidant through the reactor at a solution temperature of more than 374 degrees Celsius and at a pressure of more than 22.1 MPa for at least 8 hours.    USE - The reactor is used to produce hydrogen which is used in the production of methanol for operating fuel cells in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Post treatment is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a reactor used for producing hydrogen.
NOVELTY - Preparation of non-platinum composite catalyst of cathode for fuel battery involves: (1) preparing carbon-carried titania: adding tetrabutyl phthalate to a semi-quantity absolute alcohol to obtain uniform and transparent solution (A), adding nitric acid to the mixture solution of water and an other semi-quantity absolute alcohol to obtain solution (B), adding solution (A) to solution (B) dropwise to obtain titanium oxide carried by carbon after vacuum drying; (2) preparing carbon-carried titania-transition metal macrocyclic compound; dissolving the transition metal macrocyclic compound into the organic solvent with stirring, adding carbon carried titania obtained from step (1) to it and vacuum drying; (3) treating the carbon carried titania-transition metal macrocyclic compound heat treatment of the product obtained from step (2) for obtaining the complex catalyst under inert gas protection.    USE - For use in fuel battery.
NOVELTY - Catalyst particle comprises: (1) base particles (1) consisting of single material fine particles or solid solution fine particles composed of single material(s) having primary particle size of a nanometer order; and (2) one or more metal or derivative that covers at least a part of particle surface.    USE - For use in purification of automobile exhaust gas, fuel cells and environment purification.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst particle has excellent catalytic activity and is capable of showing activity for several substances. The catalytic activity is improved, as the catalyst particle has a size of nanometer order, resulting in larger specific surface area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of catalyst particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the catalyst particles.    base particles (1)    surface coating layer (2)
NOVELTY - Reducing or eliminating the drawbacks in known methods for the production of macrostructures with a new process that permits production without addition of binders and with a uniform final composition.    USE - For chemical sensor, fuel cell, battery, electronic device, optical system and also for use in membranes for separation or catalytic purposes and in production of different types of composites.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for using binder, thereby providing macrostructures having high specific surface area, good mechanical and thermal stability and uniform chemical composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous inorganic material macrostructure includes three-dimensional matrix of particles comprising mesoporous inorganic material and having average particle size less than 500 nm.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) composite material; and    (2) composite material separation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the porous inorganic material macrostructure formation process.
NOVELTY - Substrate (2) comprises; (i) transparent conductive layer (4) formed on the substrate; (ii) thermal isolation layer (8) having inlaid conductive layers (7) formed on the transparent conductive layer; and (iii) a polysilicon layer (6) formed on the thermal isolation layer.    USE - For sensors, solar cells or thin film transistors.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has low production cost. It also provides a large area and exhibits excellent semiconductor characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section of the solar cell substrate with thin film polysilicon.    Substrate (2)    Transparent conductive layer (4)    Polysilicon layer (6)    Inlaid conductive layers (7)    Thermal isolation layer (8)
NOVELTY - Liquid fuel is dehydrated by heating at a temperature of 100-500degreesC, using desulfurizing agent comprising NaY type zeolites or activated carbon and additive includes copper, potassium and zinc compounds of meta silicate. The desulfurization of liquid fuel is performed at normal temperature, normal pressure and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) ranging from 1-10 h-1.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Sulfur compound is reliably removed from the liquid fuel e.g. kerosene.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph representing characteristics of activated carbon during desulfurization. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A porous carrier containing alpha alumina, has catalyst layers (12-14) comprising ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt). The weight ratios of ruthenium with respect to platinum in the catalyst layer (13) and in the catalyst layers (12,14), are in the range of 0.1-0.7 and 0.7-9.5.    USE - For fuel-cell system used in motor vehicle, power generator and in domestic cogeneration applications.    ADVANTAGE - Decreases carbon monoxide very efficiently and thus high fuel utilization efficiency and electric power generation efficiency are achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the carbon-monoxide removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst layers (12-14)
NOVELTY - Decomposition device (2) decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen and supplies to the fuel cell (4). The combustor (3) burns the waste gas from the fuel cell. The oxygen concentration of the waste gas is detected and air supply to combustor is adjusted, based on detected oxygen concentration.    USE - For fuel cell in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Long distance of motor vehicle is ensured. Ejection of toxic substance is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    decomposition device (2)    combustor (3)    fuel cell (4)
NOVELTY - The manufacture of dimethyl ether reforming catalyst involves mixing precursor containing copper, zinc and aluminum with activated alumina.    USE - For hydrogen containing gas manufacture (claimed) by reforming of dimethyl ether, used for hydrogenation of ammonia synthesis and various organic compound, petroleum refining, desulfurizing, metallurgy, glass manufacture and as raw material for fuel cells, and as power source of a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of dimethyl ether reforming catalyst enables to obtain a high concentration hydrogen. The catalyst has a high low temperature activity, heat-resistance and hydrogen containing gas is obtained easily using simple apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The manufacture of dimethyl ether reforming catalyst involves mixing precursor containing copper, zinc and aluminum with activated alumina. The activated alumina is gamma-alumina, delta-alumina and/or theta-alumina.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) dimethyl ether reforming catalyst; and    (2) hydrogen-containing gas manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - A gas-liquid twin fluid atomizer cylinder (200) which supplies air and fuel, is arranged between the modification catalyst layers (12,13).    USE - For fuel cell such as batteries used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Equalizes reformed gas reaction and temperature reaction of catalyst layer. Provides lightweight and highly reliable reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the reformer for fuel cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification catalyst layers (12,13)    gas-liquid twin fluid atomizer cylinder (200)
NOVELTY - A water electrolyzer electrolyzes the water to generate hydrogen and oxygen. The store chambers (5,6) store the hydrogen and oxygen received from the water electrolyzer through the feed pipes (10,11) respectively.    USE - For fuel cell of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Installation area for storing hydrogen and oxygen is ensured sufficiently with low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen supply system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the hydrogen storage system.    Store chambers (5,6)    Feed pipes (10,11)
NOVELTY - The front stage of hydrocarbon gas modifier is equipped with a desulfurizer containing absorbent for removing sulfur-compound in hydrocarbon gas. The lifespan of the absorbent is detected based on color phase change.    USE - For domestic and industrial applications.    ADVANTAGE - Detects lifespan of absorbent of the desulfurizer, easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of steam generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A heater (3) is provided to the circumference of a tube (2) containing catalyst (1). Reformed gas containing carbon monoxide (CO) is introduced into the catalyst tube for removal of CO.    USE - For removing CO in gas reformed from fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The heater increases the temperature in the catalyst tube so that suitable shift reaction can take place between the catalyst and the reformed gas, thus the degradation of the catalyst is prevented and hence the life time of the catalyst is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of CO removal equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst (1)    Tube (2)    Heater (3)
NOVELTY - A process for producing a fluorine containing sulfone imide polymer which is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a monomer of formula(1), in which a copolymer of a monomer of formula(2) and tetrafluoroethylene, and a compound of formula(3) or a compound of formula(4) are chemically reacted.    USE - The fluorine containing sulfone imide polymer is useful for a fuel battery etc.    ADVANTAGE - A fluorine containing sulfone imide polymer of high purity can be produced easily in high yields by combination of simple synthetic reactions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for producing a fluorine containing sulfone imide polymer which is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a monomer of (1), in which a copolymer of a monomer of (2) and tetrafluoroethylene, and a compound of (3) or a compound of (4) are chemically reacted.    X = hydrogen atom, alkali metal;    Rf1 = single bond or linear or branched perfluoroalkylene which optionally contains an oxygen atom of ether bond;    Rf2 = linear or branched perfluoroalkyl which may contain an oxygen atom of ether bond and/or -SO2NXSO2-;    R1, R2 and R3 = alkyl;    E+ = monovalent cation.
NOVELTY - Production of a solar cell strip consisting of solar cells electrically and mechanically joined together using solder strips comprises preheating the solar cells and solder strips in common heating modules (2), then applying the solder using a soldering stamp (10).    USE - Used in a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The strip can be easily produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably the solar cells and the solder strips are preheated to a temperature which deviates at not more than +/- 20, preferably +/- 10 K, from the melting point of the solder.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic side view of the soldering device.    Heating modules (2)    Soldering stamp (10)
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to a paste-like hydrogen storing material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The present invention relates to a paste-like hydrogen storing material, and is characterized by that it is a paste-like material formed by placing one or several liquor organic hydrogen-storing materials and one or several solid inorganic hydrogen-storing materials in a reaction container together, in which under the condition of certain temperature and hydrogen pressure the solid inorganic hydrogen-storing material absorbs hydrogen firstly, and can catalyze liquid organic hydrogen-storing material to make hydrogenation, its complete paste material can product hydrogenation reaction to form hydride, so that the hydrogen can be stored in the paste-like hydrogen-storing material. Its weight hydrogen-storing density can be up to 6.5%, it can be used as hydrogen fuel battery or as hydrogen fuel box of environmental protection vehicles.
NOVELTY - A funnel-shaped reactor (10) includes multiple plasma arc torch (42) mounted in lower section having multiple tap holes, for heating carbon catalyst bed and waste carbonaceous material supplied from multiple directions through the feeding chutes (32) in upper section. The oxygen or oxygen enriched air is supplied through the inlets (39,41) from wind drums (38,40).    USE - For generating fuel gas from organic waste material such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, biomass and coal ash, for electric power generation (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables generation of fuel gas having specified composition, calorific heating value, purity and pressure efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a carbonaceous waste material conversion method; and    (2) an electrical energy generation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the funnel -shaped reactor.    Feeding chutes (100)    Funnel-shaped reactor (32)    Wind drums (38, 40)    Inlets (39, 41)    Plasma arc torch (42)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas is generated by bringing heated hydrogen-depleted solution into (in)direct heat exchange relationship with a metal hydride, thus heating the metal hydride and causing desorption of hydrogen from the metal hydride and producing hydrogen gas and cooling the heated solution and producing a cooled solution. The hydrogen gas is recovered.    USE - For the generation of hydrogen gas used in fuel cell for electric-powered motor vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention can generate hydrogen gas in a safe and cost effective manner. It can generate sufficiently large amounts of hydrogen gas so that hydrogen gas generation/storage is not a factor against the use of hydrogen-powered fuel cells as an alternative to petrol-powered internal combustion engines.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generation of hydrogen gas comprises:    (a) contacting an aqueous solution of a chemical hydride and a catalyst and producing hydrogen gas and a heated hydrogen-depleted solution;    (b) recovering hydrogen gas;    (c) bringing the heated solution into (in)direct heat exchange relationship with a metal hydride and heating the metal hydride and causing desorption of hydrogen from the metal hydride and producing hydrogen gas and cooling the heated solution and producing a cooled solution; and    (d) recovering hydrogen gas.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a hydrogen gas generator comprising a chemical hydride reactor, a metal hydride reactor, and a mechanism for transferring heated solution from the chemical hydride reactor to the metal hydride reactor;    (2) a system for generating electricity that includes a fuel cell and the hydrogen gas generator; and    (3) an electric-powered motor vehicle which includes the system for generating electricity and a mechanism for controlling the relative amounts of hydrogen gas generated by the chemical hydride reactor and the metal hydride reactor of the system.
NOVELTY - The cell contains a number of intermediate semiconductor layers (3, 4) comprising a mixture of silicon, mercury and silver nitrate.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Solar energy absorbed during daylight hours can be released outside these hours so that electricity can continue to be produced in the absence of sunlight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell comprises an upper electrically conducting layer or mesh (2), a lower electrically conducting layer or mesh (6) and a number of intermediate semiconductor layers comprising a mixture of silicon, mercury and silver nitrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of part of the solar cell.    Transparent protective layers (1, 1')    Upper electrically conducting layer (2)    Semiconductor layers (3, 4)    Doped intermediate layer (5)    Lower electrically conducting layer (6)
NOVELTY - A shift converter has a catalyst chamber comprising a catalyst composition for converting a portion of carbon monoxide and water contained in a process gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The catalyst composition comprises noble metal catalyst on a promoted support. The promoted support is a mixed metal oxide of cerium oxide and/or zirconium oxide.    USE - The shift converter is used for reducing the amount of carbon monoxide in a process gas using water-gas shift reaction. It can be connected in a fuel-processing sub-system for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The shift converter incorporates an improved catalyst composition which efficiently converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and water without the need for special catalyst pre-conditioning and protection from air exposure. The catalyst composition operates independent of any requirement for pre-reduction, shutdown purge, or inert atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A shift converter (16) includes a catalyst chamber (32) comprising an inlet (36) for entry of a process gas (20, 24), an outlet (38) downstream of the inlet for exit of effluent from the chamber, and a catalyst composition (50) disposed between the inlet and outlet for converting a portion of carbon monoxide and water contained in a process gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.    The catalyst composition contains noble metal oxide on a promoted support. The promoted support is a mixed metal oxide of cerium oxide and/or zirconium oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a simplified functional schematic diagram of a fuel cell power plant.    Shift converter (16)    Process gas (20, 24)    Catalyst chamber (32)    Inlet (36)    Outlet (38)    Catalyst composition (50)
NOVELTY - A heat transfer dividing wall (1a) which forms the side wall of a reformer unit (1) has an fuel inlet (4). A package of reformer catalyst (1b) allows the flow of reformed gas raw material. A combustion unit (2) has a heat resistant porous dividing walls, packed with combustion catalyst (2a) and burns the fuel. Reformer unit and combustion unit are mutually arranged and installed at up-down direction.    USE - Used in fuel cell electric power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Is compact and manufacturing and operation cost are considerably reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell electric power generation with reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformer unit (1)    heat transfer dividing wall (1a)    reformer catalyst (1b)    combustion unit (2)    combustion catalyst (2a)    fuel inlet (4)
NOVELTY - The dimethyl ether reforming catalyst comprises a catalyst component for dimethyl ether reforming reaction which yields hydrogen by reaction of water and dimethyl ether, and a carbon monoxide shift catalyst component for carbon monoxide shift reaction which removes carbon monoxide formed as a by-product.    USE - For reforming dimethyl ether (claimed) to produce hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The dimethyl ether reforming catalyst is very efficient even when used at low temperature and is used as a single catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reforming catalyst component is platinum supported on (gamma)-alumina, titania, zirconia, zeolite and/or metallosilicate which has a solid acid effect on platinum. The carbon monoxide shift catalyst is a complex oxide of copper, zinc, chromium, iron and/or aluminum. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the dimethyl ether reforming method.
NOVELTY - A combustion unit (13) which heats catalyst of transformation unit (5) by combustion reaction of flammable component in reformed gas and unreacted oxygen in modification unit (4), is provided at the downstream side of modification unit (4).    USE - Fuel cell modifier.    ADVANTAGE - Raises the temperature of transformation unit in short time without providing new power supply wiring and heat carrier piping.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel cell modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification unit (4)    Transformation unit (5)    Combustion unit (13)
NOVELTY - A combustor (34) performs combustion of fuel e.g. methane to produce fuel gas which is supplied to a modifier (31). The modifier produces hydrogen by partial oxidation reaction and water vapor modification reaction. An evaporator (36) uses exhaust heat from the modifier to produce water vapor from water and supplies to the modifier for hydrogen generation.    USE - For fuel-cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the heat released from the modifier is used in the evaporator to produce water vapor for hydrogen generation, process efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the modifier unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (31)    combustor (34)    evaporator (36)
NOVELTY - A combustor outlet thermometer (10) controls the amount of fuel supply based on the pressure of waste gas and rise in outlet temperature of the combustor (5) which burns waste gas.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Detects deterioration of hydrogen separation membrane and accordingly controls modifier system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for modifier system control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modifier system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    combustor (5)    combustor outlet thermometer (10)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell hybrid complex system comprises lower hydrocarbon direct modifier (20) that modifies the raw material gas containing lower hydrocarbons, which are mixed with waste gas from solid oxide type fuel cell (10). The hydrogen and aromatic hydrocarbon are produced in the presence of lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst (21).    USE - Fuel-cell hybrid complex system for producing electric power.    ADVANTAGE - Performs efficient electricity generation using lower hydrocarbon resources without emitting environmental load gas e.g. carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic composition of fuel-cell hybrid complex system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solid oxide type fuel cell (10)    Lower hydrocarbon direct modifier (20)    Lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst (21)
NOVELTY - A sorting device (2) separates the flammable product and organic waste and supplies them to a gas generation unit (5) and a methane fermentation unit (4) respectively, for obtaining methane gas and hydrogen gas which are used by fuel cell of co-generation unit. The energy generated from the co-generation unit is supplied to units (4,5).    USE - Organic waste disposal system e.g. for livestock excrements, coconut sludge.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of dioxin and carbon dioxide during processing of organic waste. Energy is generated reliably at reduced cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic waste recycling system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart which explains operation of organic waste disposal system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sorting device (2)    Methane fermentation unit (4)    Gas generation unit (5)
NOVELTY - The outlet gas from carbon monoxide conversion device is made to react with carbon monoxide removal catalyst at 200-240degreesC, to perform methanation removal of carbon monoxide in outlet gas.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide (CO) included as an impurity in hydrogen-rich gases like hydrocarbon, natural gas, naphtha, kerosene oil and methanol, for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide removal catalyst promotes oxidation removal reaction simultaneously during the CO removal upto 95% or more by methanation reaction of the outlet gas, therefore the hydrocarbon gas with very low CO density is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph showing the correlation of CO removal activity of the catalyst and catalyst temperature. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The honeycomb-catalyst layer (25) provided in a flow path is cooled by feeding a process gas from honeycomb-catalyst layer inlet (27) to honeycomb-catalyst layer discharge port (28). The temperature distribution of the honeycomb-catalyst layer provided at the discharge port from inlet is reduced.    USE - Carbon monoxide reduction method.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide contained in the gas to be treated is reduced reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for carbon monoxide reduction reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the carbon monoxide reduction reactor.    Honeycomb-catalyst layer (25)    Honeycomb-catalyst layer inlet (27)    Honeycomb-catalyst discharge port (28)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive substrates (21,21') formed with positive and negative electrodes (24,23) are bonded such that portions of substrate where electrodes are formed are not overlapped. Conductive adhesives (28) including aluminum or copper are applied over the portions not overlapping with opposing electroconductive substrates for connecting adjacent solar cells in series or parallel.    USE - Solar cell especially oxide solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces power loss and reduces gap between solar cells by increasing contact areas of the adjacent solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Solar cell module;    (2) Transparent battery window; and    (3) Solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional and top views of the oxide solar cell.    Electroconductive substrates (21,21')    Negative electrode (23)    Positive electrode (24)    Conductive adhesive (28)
NOVELTY - The base material comprises a polymer with an alicyclic structure selected from a group containing a copolymer of an olefin, a cyclic olefin or a ring opened polymer of a cyclic olefin.    USE - Thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables obtaining cell with excellent moisture permeability and heat resistance characteristics increases photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a thin film solar cell base material.
NOVELTY - A thin film (12) made of hydrophilic polymer or cellulose polymer is coated on an inner surface of a porous support (11) made of polyether imide. The thin film includes selective water vapor permeation capability.    USE - For humidification of heating gas such as hydrogen and oxygen supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides highly durable water vapor permeable film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for water vapor permeable film usage method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the water vapor permeable film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Porous support (11)    Thin film (12)
NOVELTY - Indium-tin oxide (I) is claimed, with physical-chemical parameters comprising average particle size 1-200 nm (tunneling electron microscope); BET surface area 0.1-300 m2/g (DIN 66131); structure (x-ray diffraction) cubic indium oxide, tetragonal tin oxide; mesopores 0.03-0.30 ml/g (BJH method to DIN 66134); macropores 1.5-5.0 ml/g (DIN 66133); and bulk density 50-2000 g/l (DIN-ISO 787/XI).    USE - Indium-tin oxide (I) is used for producing transparent, electroconductive lacquers and coatings (claimed), including coatings with an adhesive surface, and is also useful for flat displays, smart windows and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Indium-tin oxide can be applied to panes of glass by dipping them in a solution of a hydrolyzable compound of indium and tin, drying and calcining at up to 550degreesC, but plastics cannot be coated in this way. The new product is suitable for coating plastics. Its color and specific usefulness are determined by the dopant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of (I) by mixing a solution of an indium salt with a solution of a tin salt, adding a solution of a salt of doping component(s) if necessary, atomizing the mixed solution, pyrolyzing and separating the product from the waste gases.
NOVELTY - Operating a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system includes determining first and second carbon monoxide concentrations at respective first and second oxygen injection rates, increasing or decreasing oxygen injection rate, and repeating preceding steps at different oxygen rates until an oxygen injection rate that optimizes carbon monoxide consumption and minimizes hydrogen consumption is achieved.    USE - For operating hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Operation of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system includes:    (i) providing hydrogen-rich fuel gas having first carbon monoxide (CO) content sufficient to poison fuel cell's anode;    (ii) injecting oxygen (O2) into the fuel gas upstream of the fuel cell to oxidize CO with O2 in the presence of hydrogen (H2) to produce a fuel stream having a second CO content which is less than the first content and will not poison the fuel cell;    (iii) determining first CO concentration in the fuel stream at first O2 injection rate;    (iv) increasing O2 injection rate to a second injection rate greater than the first injection rate;    (v) determining a second CO concentration in the fuel stream at the second O2 injection rate;    (vi) increasing O2 injection rate to a third injection rate greater than the second injection rate if the second CO concentration is less than the first CO concentration, or decreasing the O2 injection rate to a fourth injection rate less than the third injection rate if the second CO concentration is greater than the first concentration; and    (vii) repeating steps (iii-vi) at different O2 injection rates until an O2 injection rate that optimizes CO consumption while minimizing H2 consumption is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a bipolar proton-exchange membrane fuel cell stack and a carbon monoxide sensor.
NOVELTY - Process for removing layers of a thin layer component, especially a thin layer solar module or solar cell, comprises bombarding the layers with ice particles.    USE - Used for removing layers of a thin layer component, especially a thin layer solar module or solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process is quick and effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably the ice particles are dry ice particles (frozen CO2). The ice particles are pneumatically conveyed using air. The bombardment is carried out through a mask.
NOVELTY - Thin film solar cell comprises an amorphous silicon-germanium:hydrogen (1.6 eV) n-well intrinsic p-well solar (n-i-p) cell having a deposition rate of at least 10 Angstrom /second for the amorphous silicon-germanium:hydrogen (a-SiGe:H) intrinsic by hot wire chemical vapor deposition.    USE - As thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Employs optimal process parameters for constructing the a-SiGe:H n-i-p solar cell that reduce cost and increase throughput for a-Si solar cells with improved deposition rate and efficiency. It minimizes cross contamination in solar cell fabrication.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for fabricating a thin film solar cell, which comprises depositing an n-i-p layer at a deposition rate of at least 10 Angstrom /second for the a-SiGe:H intrinsic layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell utilizing a hot wire chemical vapor deposition technique.
NOVELTY - Glass plate has formed on it in the following order, an undercoat film having a crystalline oxide as a primary component and an electroconductive film having another crystalline oxide as a primary component. The glass plate freed of the electroconductive film exhibits a haze value of 0.2% or more.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A film having a crystalline oxide as a primary component constituting the undercoat film is formed by a chemical vapor-phase deposition method using a film forming gas containing steam and having an oxygen concentration of 15 mol% or less. The glass plate with an electroconductive film has a haze value which is enhanced by the utilization of the unevenness of the surface of the undercoat film.
NOVELTY - A transparent p-type conducting oxide film is produced by introducing a dialkylmetal in a carrier gas in a low pressure deposition chamber; and introducing nitrogen oxide alone or with an oxidizer to the chamber to enable nitrogen oxide decomposition and atomic nitrogen incorporation into the formed transparent metal conducting oxide. The dialkylmetal is dimethyl or diethyl.    USE - The process is used for producing transparent p-type conducting oxide films (claimed), e.g. light emitting diodes, large area flat-panel displays, or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides oxide films without co-doping, plasma enhancement or using high temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing the electrical properties versus nitrogen oxide flow rate, in which the zinc oxide films remain the n-type.
NOVELTY - Apparatus, with heat pipes to control reactor bed (502) temperatures, for conversion of hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas comprises: (1) hydrocarbon reforming reactor; (2) water gas shift reactor; and (3) selective oxidation reactor.    USE - For converting hydrocarbon fuel into a hydrogen rich gas for use in conjunction with a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is a simple and efficient unit for converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a hydrogen rich gas stream for use in conjunction with a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Apparatus, with heat pipes to control reactor bed (502) temperatures, for conversion of hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas comprises:    (1) hydrocarbon reforming reactor with catalyst for reacting a fuel mixture under reforming conditions, to give a hydrogen-containing gas mixture;    (2) water gas shift reactor containing a catalyst for reacting the hydrogen-containing gas mixture, under water gas shift conditions, to give an intermediate gas mixture with a reduced carbon monoxide content; and    (3) selective oxidation reactor with catalyst for reacting intermediate gas mixture, under selective oxidation conditions, to produce the hydrogen rich gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional top view of a heat pipe.    Reactor beds (502)    Heat pipe (504, 508)
NOVELTY - A catalytic layer (24a) is formed on proton diffusion layer (PDL) surface of fuel cell. PDL contacting surface (26a) of catalytic layer contains platinum or gold particulates (in weight%) (30), carbon particulates at platinum to carbon or gold to carbon weight ratio of 5:1-2:1, and remainder of an organic material containing gas permeable ionomer (32a) (80-100), and hydrophobic polymer particulates (30a) (0-20).    USE - For fuel cells (claimed) which is used as a portable power source for electric automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic layer having high platinum or gold loading with high particulate size and high efficiency is deposited, thereby reducing the amount of platinum or gold used in a fuel cell. Thin catalytic layers are formed compared to conventional catalyst layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalytic layer is formed on the surface of a proton diffusion layer of a fuel cell. The proton diffusion layer contacting surface of the catalytic layer contains platinum or gold particulates (in weight%) (30) with mean particle size of 5 nm or less, carbon particulates at platinum to carbon or gold to carbon weight ratio of 5:1-2:1, and remainder of an organic material containing a gas permeable ionomer (80-100), and hydrophobic polymer particulates (0-20).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell;    (2) a method of forming catalytic layer; and    (3) a catalytic material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of a cathode catalytic layer, that has increased catalytic particulate levels toward proton diffusion layer and increased polymer level toward cathode.    Catalytic layer (24a)    Proton diffusion layer contacting surface (26a)    Particulates (30a)    Ionomer binder (32a)
NOVELTY - Optimization of the interface of a negative electrode in an electrochemical device comprising a negative electrode, electrolyte and a positive electrode.    USE - Used in the production of electrochemical devices (claimed) such as lithium batteries, solar cells, capacitors, electrochromic elements etc..    ADVANTAGE - The output of the battery is high, it is small and lightweight and has a high energy density. The device can be used over a wide temperature range and has a low self-discharge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Optimization of the interface of a negative electrode in an electrochemical device comprising a negative electrode, electrolyte and a positive electrode, comprises:    (a) forming an electrode structure by placing an electrolyte containing an onium salt of formula R1-C(=O)-N-(R2). Z+ (I) between a negative electrode and a positive electrode; and    (b) forming a passivation layer comprising a decomposition product of the electrolyte or salt on the surface of the negative electrode by applying a voltage between the negative electrode and the positive electrode so the potential of the negative electrode is -1 to -5V based on the potential relative to the reference electrode of I-/I3-.    R1 = optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group;    R2 = a monovalent organic residue;    Z+ = monovalent cation.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a negative electrode where the interface is optimized;    (2) an electrochemical device which has the negative electrode;    (3) an onium salt (I);    (4) the use of the onium salt as an electrolyte;    (5) an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrochemical device containing the onium salt.
NOVELTY - A porous wick (82) is arranged between a humidifying liquid source (81) and a humidification chamber (83), such that the humidifying liquid passes through the wick before passage of humidifying gas through the chamber. The wick is made of material selected from the group consisting of metals and ceramics.    USE - For humidifying gas of fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells used in internal combustion engine of passenger vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The porous wick enhances the liquid flow, preventing drying of the membrane of fuel cells and thereby restrains efficiency reduction and failure of the fuel cells. Eliminates need for pressure regulators and hence reduces manufacturing cost of humidification system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) reactant gas humidification system for fuel cells;    (2) humidification system for proton exchange membrane in fuel cell;    (3) gas humidification method; and    (4) reactant gas humidification method for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the gas humidification system.    Humidifying liquid source (81)    Porous wick (82)    Humidification chamber (83)
NOVELTY - The production of catalytically active layers includes the production of active layers including a carrier and a reaction catalyst at simultaneous magnetron spraying on a substrate followed by subsequent roasting of the sprayed layers. Spraying is performed at an inclination of the surface of the substrate to the axis of magnetron discharge of 90 degrees at regular turn of the substrate around the axis perpendicular to its surface; before spraying, relief in the form of projections and/or recesses are made on substrate; the height of this relief is no less than the thickness of layer being sprayed. Spraying is performed in a high-frequency mode of the magnetron. The angle between the surface and the axis of the magnetron is 50-70 degrees. Regular turn of the substrate around the axis perpendicular to the plane of the substrate is performed in one direction through an angle of turn of 80-100 degrees and the thickness of the layer is regulated by the spraying time. Roasting of the sprayed layers is performed under conditions when the partial pressure of the catalyst material does not exceed 4 x 10 power -5 Pa.    USE - Used for the catalysis of chemical reactions, e.g. the oxidation of hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - The activity of the catalyst and the stability of its properties are improved.
NOVELTY - A method for fabricating a junction layer for a solar cell is provided to simplify a fabricating process, by forming the junction layer for the solar cell composed of a high density impurity region and a low density impurity region while performing thermal diffusion process only once.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An oxide layer is formed on a silicon wafer(10) and a photoresist layer is applied on the oxide layer. The photoresist layer is partially etched to form a photoresist layer pattern by a photolithography process using a mask. The oxide layer under a portion where the photoresist layer is partially etched is etched by using an etch solution so that the surface of the silicon wafer under the etched oxide layer is exposed. The photoresist layer pattern is removed to form an oxide layer pattern. A predetermined thickness of the oxide layer pattern is etched. Impurities are thermally diffused from the upper surface of the silicon wafer by using the oxide layer pattern of the predetermined thickness as a mask. The impurities of high density are deeply diffused to the inside of the silicon wafer in a region where the oxide is removed. The impurities penetrate the oxide layer pattern of the predetermined thickness and are diffused in the entire region of the silicon wafer so that the first impurity region(40) having lower density and shallower depth than those of the second impurity region(30) is formed. The oxide layer pattern of the predetermined thickness is eliminated.
NOVELTY - A method for fabricating an oxide layer for a solar cell using a rapid thermal process(RTP) process is provided to reduce contamination caused by a metal impurity and to greatly reduce a carrier recombination rate on an interface with silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ozone is injected to an RTP chamber in which a silicon wafer is placed. Ultraviolet rays are radiated to form SiOx and a metal oxide on the silicon wafer. Infrared rays are radiated to the inside of the RTP chamber to heat the silicon wafer so that the SiOx and the metal oxide are eliminated. Chlorine source and oxygen are injected to the inside of the RTP chamber so that the metal impurity is removed by chlorine and silicon oxide is formed by oxygen.
NOVELTY - A method for fabricating a solar cell using an ion shower doping apparatus is provided to eliminate thermal breakdown and to prevent a decrease of efficiency, by performing a doping process at a low temperature not higher than 500 deg.C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Mixture gas of impurity gas and hydrogen gas is used as source gas. Impurity is doped to a substrate at a substrate temperature not higher than 500 deg.C by using the ion shower doping apparatus. One of PH3 or BH3 is used as the impurity gas. The mixture gas in which the impurity gas is included in the hydrogen gas by 0.5-10 percent is used as the source gas. The impurity is one of phosphorus or boron.
NOVELTY - A metal electrode layer, an optical absorption layer, and a buffer layer are formed sequentially on the substrate. The buffer layer comprises thin zinc film formed by mixing alkaline solution and aqueous solution containing sulfur and transparency of mixed solution is in the range of 50-100%.    USE - For manufacturing heterojunction thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The degradation of quality of buffer layer is reduced and manufacture yield of solar cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the mixed solution transparency monitoring system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A new dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cell has a dye-sensitized electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolyte comprising a dehydrating chemical.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has improved stability over long time
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage container (22) contains a hydrogen occlusion object, which is detachedly fixed to a fuel cell electric vehicle (21). A connector connects a hydrogen distribution channel that is opened or closed by a valve mechanism between the hydrogen storage container and fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cell electric vehicle (claimed), service station.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen storage container is transferred simply and easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell electric vehicle;    (2) hydrogen storage container;    (3) hydrogen stacker for fuel cell electric vehicle;    (4) hydrogen storage container conveyor; and    (5) exchange device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the hydrogen supply apparatus.    Fuel cell electric vehicle (21)    Hydrogen storage container (22)
NOVELTY - A power generation system has a modifier (13) and a fuel cell (1) for generating hydrogen from the hydrocarbon fuel in a storage facility (11). A hydrogen booster (22) increases the pressure of the hydrogen gas refined in a refining unit (21), which is supplied to a hydrogen supply unit (24).    USE - For motor vehicle e.g. car.    ADVANTAGE - Enables supply of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuel to difference kinds of motor vehicles simultaneously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Storage facility (11)    Modifier (13)    Refining unit (21)    Hydrogen booster (22)    Hydrogen supply unit (24)
NOVELTY - The rectangle shaped flat plate is made of porous carbon material (11a), where several parallel grooves are formed on one surface of the plate. The other surface of the plate is impregnated with thermosetting resin and the surface is carbonized.    USE - Separator for phosphoric acid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves gas seal property of the separator. Improves reliability, capability and productivity of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of manufacturing process of the separator.    Porous carbon material (11a)
NOVELTY - A transparent protection frame (14) made of glass having refractive index 1.4-1.5, is formed over solar cell array (13) with a gap (PG) between them. A filler layer (15) seals the gap between the array and frame. The filler layer consisting of thermosetting polymeric material having refractive index higher than that of frame, and lower than that of reflex preventive layer, is formed on light receiving surface of solar cell.    USE - Solar cell module in residences. Also, for use in solar power generation plant.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient in electricity generation and lowers the reflecting rate of module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module.    Solar cell array (13)    Transparent protection frame (14)    Filler layer (15)    Gap (PG)
NOVELTY - Metal hydride storage container comprises a storage canister body containing at least one wafer baffle made of a thermally conductive material, and a porous tubing that passes through the bottom face of the baffle and is connected with the body outlet.    USE - For use in a hydrogen fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Use of the novel canister enhances the thermal conductivity and provides space required for the expansion of the metal hydride. Further, an easy passage is provided to guide released hydrogen from the canister. Thus, the operational efficiency of an associated fuel cell is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metal hydride storage container (10) comprises a storage canister body (20), with an inner diameter, and opposing outlet (24) and bottom, at least one wafer baffle (30) in the body, made of a thermally conductive material and having a bottom face including an aperture (36) and a peripheral wall (34) with an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the body and extending orthogonally from an edge of the bottom face, and a tubing (40) that passes through the bottom face of the baffle, with a porous surface and connected with the body outlet.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of manufacturing the above metal hydride storage canister.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - the drawing shows the above metal hydride storage canister.    storage canister (10)    canister body (20)    outlet (24)    wafer baffle (30)    baffle wall (34)    baffle aperture (36)    tubing (40)    lid (50)    lid opening (56)
NOVELTY - Modified vanadium compound, such as vanadium sulfate (III) or mixed vanadium compounds of vanadium sulfate (III) and vanadyl sulfate (IV), contains excessive sulfuric acid other than sulfate group composing the vanadium sulfate (III) or the vanadyl sulfate (IV).    USE - Useful as a redox flow battery electrolyte (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The modified vanadium compound has excellent water solubility, particularly excellent solution velocity and enables the preparation of battery electrolyte in a short time even at room temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) modified vanadium compound manufacture which involves condensing a vanadium-contained solution followed by and solidification by cooling, the vanadium-contained solution containing vanadium sulfate (III) or a mixed vanadium compound of vanadium sulfate (III) and vanadyl sulfate (IV) dissolved in a sulfate solution;    (2) redox flow battery electrolyte composite containing the modified vanadium compound;    (3) redox flow battery electrolyte manufacture; and    (4) method of producing a modified vanadium compound.
NOVELTY - A pair of coolant flow field plates has respective orifices which has corresponding portion of the gas manifolds (247,249). An electrically insulating material is provided between the plates, such that the insulating material extends into the gas manifold.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since small amount of coolant is exposed to plate material, the corrosion of the plate material is reduced. Reduces the rate of electrolysis reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Fuel cell system operating method; and    (2) Fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plan view of the anode flow field plate.    Gas manifolds (247,249)
NOVELTY - A conveyor (102) is pressed downwards towards the substrate peeling mechanism, for peeling a substrate (107) from the substrate holding base.    USE - For peeling stainless steel substrate from electrolysis processing apparatus, used in solar cell of motor vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate is peeled easily and reliably from the substrate holding base and conveyed to following process simultaneously by simple mechanism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for substrate peeling apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the stainless steel substrate peeling apparatus.    conveyor (102)    substrate (107)
NOVELTY - The cooling layers (18) cool a hydrogen contained aromatic compound and a chemical hybrid to produce their corresponding vapors. The catalyst layers (21) arranged alternately with the cooling layers, are equipped with a catalyst (21a) for dehydrogenating and liquefying the vapors from the cooling layers.    USE - For generating/storing hydrogen for fuel cell used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - By providing catalyst layers alternately with the cooling layers, the reaction efficiency of dehydrogenation reaction of the catalyst layers is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen generation/storage apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    cooling layers (18)    catalyst layers(21a) catalyst (21)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas, is passed through a carbon monoxide transformer which is packed with iron-chromium catalyst and platinum catalyst sequentially along the direction of flow of the gas, and the carbon monoxide is reformed.    USE - For reformation of carbon monoxide to produce hydrogen rich reformed gas and the reformed gas is used as fuel for a solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide is reformed efficiently and the reduction of the catalyst activity is prevented reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the reformation of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generation apparatus for a fuel cell comprises a modifier (100) with a catalyst holder, a nozzle (101) to supply material necessary for reaction to the modifier and a discharge mechanism that emits the droplets condensed inside the modifier.    USE - For generating hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The condensed droplet is emitted using discharge mechanism preventing abnormalities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the structure of the hydrogen generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (100)    nozzle (101)    modification catalyst portion (130)
NOVELTY - A fuel high temperature heat exchanger (7) generates high temperature gas by burning a portion of the reformed gas and transfers heat of high temperature gas to heating gas. An air high temperature heat exchanger (3) transfers the heat from the oxygen containing gas emitted from a modifier (1). The reformed gas and the oxygen containing gas are introduced into a combustor (2) for circulation.    USE - Fuel reformation system for fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates compact apparatus and improves electric power generation efficiency during usage of same amount of heating gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of the fuel reformation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    combustor (2)    air high temperature heat exchanger (3)    fuel high temperature heat exchanger (7)
NOVELTY - A long slender reinforcement sheet (30) is arranged on a main module (10). The ends of the sheet are fixed to a frame (20) provided along the circumference of the main module.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The reinforcement sheet bears the wind pressure so detachment of the main module from the frame during typhoon is prevented efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell module.    Main module (10)    Frame (20)    Reinforcement sheet (30)
NOVELTY - The compound semiconductor solar cell has a p-type collector layer (24) on which a p-type aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) transparent conductive layer (25) of low resistance is formed.    USE - Compound semiconductor solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell with improved conversion effectiveness and curvilinear factor is realized by the reduction of series resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the compound semiconductor solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    p-type collector layer (24)    Transparent conductive layer (25)
NOVELTY - The light transmittance of a counter electrode (10) comprising an electroconductive catalyst layer (6), a transparent conductive layer (7) and a substrate (8) is less than or equal to 80% at light wavelength of 400 nm or less.    USE - Pigment sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electric power generation life span of the solar cell is increased without reduction in photoelectric conversion rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the pigment sensitizing solar cell.    Electroconductive catalyst layer (6)    Transparent conductive layer (7)    Substrate (8)    Counter electrode (10)
NOVELTY - The titanium oxide paste applied on a porous electrode is dried during the electrode manufacturing process.    USE - Manufacturing oxide electrode used in pigment sensitizing-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High electric power generation efficiency is achieved reliably by the drying process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The flow chart explains the steps involved in the manufacture of porous electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A conductive film includes a transparent electrode layer (5) formed by mixing the sputter particles of two different target materials such as ZnO and In2O3 or ITO.    USE - Used for manufacturing a transparent electroconductive film used as electrodes in thin film solar cells, LCDs and EL display.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality conductive film with a uniform composition is manufactured easily by a simple sputtering process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a transparent electroconductive film manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the transparent electroconductive film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent electrode layer (5)
NOVELTY - A titanium dioxide film used as photocatalyst, is formed on the photoreceiving portion (7) and light emission portion (9) of solar cell provided in the visual guidance mark.    USE - For removing dust and mud splashes adhered to the solar cell in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Even when the dust adheres to the light emitting portion of the solar cell, the dust is decomposed using the titanium dioxide and is further washed away by the rainfall. Thus the photoreceiving portion and the light emitting portion are brought to optimum working conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front elevation view of self-purification and self-illuminating type visual guidance mark.    Photoreceiving portion (7)    Light emission portion (9)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic solution (7) of metal organic compound and organic macromolecular material, is coated on a high polymer film substrate (1) on which an electroconductive film (2) consisting of tin oxide or indium stannic compound is formed. An oxide semiconductor electrode (4) is formed on the coated substrate which is dried, by irradiation of ultraviolet rays (9).    USE - Optoelectric transducer e.g. solar cell for portable terminal.    ADVANTAGE - Enables high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and wide application to a portable terminal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectric transducer manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the process involved in optoelectric transducer manufacturing method.    High polymer film substrate (1)    Electroconductive film (2)    Oxide semiconductor electrode (4)    Electrolytic solution (7)    Ultraviolet rays (9)
NOVELTY - Catalyst for separating carbon monoxide from a reform mixture comprises a support of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide or their mixtures or mixed oxides and gold and ruthenium in a wt. ratio of 5:1-1:5.    USE - for removing CO from a gas mixture.    ADVANTAGE - The selectivity and activity are high at temperatures between 80 and 120degreesC and between 120 and 150degreesC.
NOVELTY - Production of a gas-tight, high temperature resistant joint between a metallic and a ceramic component comprises welding a gap between the ceramic and metallic components using a laser.    USE - Used for a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - An effective joint is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A focused laser is used. The laser leaves the gap between the ceramic and metallic components so that the components are welded and joined in a single step. The laser used is a carbon dioxide laser or an excimer laser. An additional material, preferably glass, ceramic, metal or metal composite, is applied between the metallic and ceramic components.
NOVELTY - The membrane includes one or more cavities (2) filled with aqueous electrolyte and connected to electrolyte supply and/or return lines (3,4).    USE - For a fuel cell design with particular emphasis on its proton-conducting membrane.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture content of the membrane influences its proton conductivity. To achieve stable, high power output levels, this moisture level must be controlled. The new design improves supply of aqueous electrolyte into the membrane structure. Because contact with the solution is intimate, wetting is constant, unlike the case where wicking is used in the gas distribution structures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of fuel cell operation, in which the electrolyte is held under pressure in the cavity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross section of the fuel cell.    cavities (2)    electrolyte supply and/or return lines (3,4)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises an electrical load (16), an anode (14) and a cathode (20) containing catalysts, a proton conducting material, and sources for methanol (12) and hydrogen peroxide (18). The hydrogen peroxide source feeds hydrogen peroxide solution for reaction at the cathode.    USE - For producing electricity (claimed) for submarines and other underwater applications.    ADVANTAGE - The oxygen source for the cathode is hydrogen peroxide solution and hence the cell can be used in submarines and for underwater applications, where air is scarce. The catalyst particles present in the anode are coated with a wetting agent, which improves the wetting property of the anode. The oxygen solvent present in the catalyst layer of the cathode, has high oxygen solubility and hence hydrogen peroxide is utilized effectively. Unreacted methanol and hydrogen peroxide are recycled to respective chambers for maintaining the concentration. Water-vapor produced at the cathode is condensed and conserved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the generation of electricity in a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell using hydrogen peroxide solution.    Methanol source (12)    Anode (14)    Electrical load (16)    Hydrogen peroxide source (18)    Cathode (20)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric converter uses oxide semiconductor fine particles sensitized by a 5H-7-oxa-4b,13-diazaindeno(2,1-a)anthracen-9-ylamine pigment (I).    USE - The pigment-sensitized photoelectric converter is used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric converter and the solar battery have high conversion efficiency. The photoelectric converter is available at a lower cost, since inexpensive organic pigment is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric converter uses oxide semiconductor fine particles sensitized by a 5H-7-oxa-4b,13-diazaindeno(2,1-a)anthracen-9-ylamine pigment of formula (I).    R1-R5 and Rx = H or substituent;    X = divalent atom, atomic group or organic residue.
NOVELTY - The optical semiconductor contains hydrogen, and gallium atom and nitrogen atom in a ratio of 1:0.5-1:2.    USE - High efficiency solar cell, high speed thin film transistor (TFT), electrophotographic sensitive component, high sensitivity sensor, high sensitivity avalanche photosensor, large area light emitting diode (LED), full color display and light modulator.    ADVANTAGE - The optical semiconductor has excellent light resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, high transparency, low dark conductivity, high photosensitivity and photoconductivity and rapid response.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus for manufacture of the optical semiconductor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Gas production system for a fuel cell comprises a reformer unit (12) for producing a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and at least one gas purification step (14) with a carbon monoxide-selective oxidation catalyst (18) for purifying the synthesis gas. The gas purification step comprises a heat accumulator (21).    USE - Used for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The time required to reach the operating temperature of the catalyst and thus a system start time of the fuel cell system is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a gas production system for a fuel cell having a gas purification step.    Reformer unit (12)    Gas purification step (14)    Oxidation catalyst (18)    Heat accumulator (21)    Storage medium (22)
NOVELTY - Reactor has a reactor chamber with a reaction region, which is still not reactive at ambient temperature, and an ignition region, which can be ignited at ambient temperature. The ignition region is only in partial contact with the reaction region. The ignition region is porous and contains a precious metal.    USE - Used as a catalytic burner, catalytically heated heat exchanger or fuel cell for catalytically converting a mixture of reactants into a reaction product, preferably by partial oxidation, autothermal reforming, and selective carbon monoxide oxidation (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reactor has quick response characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reactor has a reactor chamber with a reaction region (1), which is still not reactive at ambient temperature, and an ignition region (2), which can be ignited at ambient temperature. The ignition region is only in partial contact with the reaction region. The ignition region is porous and contains a precious metal. The heat contact between the two different regions is such that the heat removed from the ignition region is lower than from the heat produced by this region.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the reactor.    reaction region (1)    ignition region (2)
NOVELTY - A side stream of the desulfurized fuel gas is passed through a reforming catalyst, where it is subjected to a reforming process. The course of the reforming process is monitored, and a reduction is taken as a signal of rising a sulfur content in the fuel gas    USE - Used to control fuel desulfurization for supply to fuel cells, to prevent irreversible damage to the cells by sulfur. The fuel is especially natural gas.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and more dependable than prior art. The danger of irreversible catalyst damage at the fuel cells is largely avoided. Plant operational availability is increased. Filtration material employed, is used optimally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a corresponding plant which includes a detector (4) in the side stream, coupled to an instrument (3) monitoring the course of reaction. It indicates any reduction in the process, which signals rising sulfur content.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a simplified block flow diagram of the plant, showing the side stream and detector. (Drawing includes non-English language text)    Instrument (3)    Detector (4)
NOVELTY - Production of tetrafluorosilane involves heating hexafluorosilicate and reacting resulting tetrafluorosilane gas containing hexafluorodisiloxane with fluorine gas or with a high valent metal fluoxide, or reacting tetrafluorosilane gas with fluorine gas and subsequently with high valent metal fluoxide.    USE - For producing tetrafluorosilane, for optical fibers, semiconductors and solar cells (all claimed), for transistors and semiconductor devices.    ADVANTAGE - Tetrafluorosilane gas which does not contain hexafluorodisiloxane ((SiF3)2O) can be produced. Impurity components can be analyzed to 0.1 ppm or less, and high purity tetrafluorosilane required during production of electronic parts is manufactured efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) A high purity tetrafluorosilane having a hexafluorodisiloxane content of 1 volume ppm or less;    (2) A method for analyzing impurities in a high purity tetrafluorosilane which involves bringing tetrafluorosilane containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and/or carbon dioxide gas, as impurities, into contact with an adsorbent to separate the impurities from tetrafluorosilane, and introducing impurities together with a carrier gas into a gas chromatograph to analyze the impurities;    (3) Gas for production of optical fiber;    (4) Gas for production of semiconductor; and    (5) Gas for production of solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of an apparatus usable for the production process of tetrafluorosilane.
NOVELTY - Providing a high efficiency fuel cell system that prevents an unnecessary warm-up of the reformer.    USE - Fuel cell system for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the programmable controller, efficiency of the fuel cell system is enhanced, since useless warming up of the reformer is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An input device inputs a vehicle running distance to a programmable controller (20). If the vehicle running distance is shorter than a preset value, the controller prohibits a start-up combustor (50) to warm up a reformer (3) and controls a valve (15) to supply hydrogen to a fuel cell (1) from a hydrogen storage device (14).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) fuel cell control method for vehicles; and    (2) a fuel cell systems for a vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the functional block diagram of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Reformer (3)    Hydrogen storage device (14)    Valve (15)    Programmable controller (20)    Start-up combustor (50)
NOVELTY - A porous silicon layer (2), a p+ silicon layer (3), a p-type silicon layer (4), a n+ silicon layer (5) and a protective layer (6) are sequentially formed on a silicon substrate (1). The substrate with the layers (2-6) is sandwiched between jigs (10, 12) which are pulled in opposite directions so as to mechanically fracture the porous silicon layer and isolate this layer from the layers (3-6).    USE - For manufacturing silicon on insulator substrate used in semiconductor devices e.g. solar cell, semiconductor laser.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to manufacture a highly efficient thin film solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for semiconductor device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon substrate (1)    Porous silicon layer (2)    p+ silicon layer (3)    p-type silicon layer (4)    n+ silicon layer (5)    Protective layer (6)    Jigs (10, 12)
NOVELTY - Several openings (4a) are formed to a plate by dry etching process. The plate is installed on the substrate surface.    USE - For roughening substrate made of silicon, glass, metal, plastic and resin used for manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since dry etching is performed to the surface of the substrate, the openings forming the uneven corrugated structure on the substrate are formed with high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the plate used for roughening the substrate.    Opening (4a)
NOVELTY - Flux (16) is added to the silicon solution (12) comprising boron of preset concentration. An oxidizing gas is blown through the nozzle (18) which is immersed in the silicon solution. Then, the flux is removed from the silicon solution. The flux adding, reaction and removing process are performed several times.    USE - For silicon used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The boron in silicon solution is removed reliable in short time. Inexpensive and efficient removal of boron is ensured, by repeating flux adding and removing process several times.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of silicon purification process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    silicon solution (12)    flux (16)    nozzle (18)
NOVELTY - A fuel modification system has a starting modifier (2) installed in the upstream of a fuel modifier (1) that generates hydrogen-rich gas using the supplied fuel and air during starting of an engine (5).    USE - Fuel modification system.    ADVANTAGE - The load to a battery is reduced and the engine is started efficiently using the modifier within a short period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel modification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (1)    Starting modifier (2)    Engine (5)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has a top cell (4) containing semiconductor material having a composition of (Al1-yGay)(1-x)InxP and a bottom cell (2) containing semiconductor material having a composition of GaAs1-zSbz where x is less than one, and y, z are greater than zero.    USE - Used as power supply for spacecraft such as satellite e.g. electric power satellite, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency is easily achieved at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic structure of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Bottom cell (2)    Top cell (4)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module (11) has a frame (100) whose bottom flat-plate is connected to a roofing-tile (200) through a fixed bolt (106) and an insertion nut (203), so that the module and the structure are integrated.    USE - For common residences.    ADVANTAGE - Since the solar cell module and the roofing-tile are integrated, long outdoor weather proof durability is provided and water penetration to the module is prevented. The solar cell module is light weight and has an excellent structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell module (11)    Frame (100)    Fixed bolt (106)    Roofing-tile (200)    Insertion nut (203)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte layer (13) is arranged between electrodes (5,9). The electrode (5) is supported by a semiconductor layer (7) comprising 1-40 mass% of semiconductor grain and gel.    USE - Optoelectronic transducer for pigment sensitization solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor layer forms transduction path of an optical pumping electron reliably, hence provides excellent photoelectric conversion property and low temperature sintering of the transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectronic transducer manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    Electrodes (5,9)    semiconductor layer (7)    Electrolyte layer (13)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte layer (3) containing halogen, is sealed between photo electrodes (1) and counter electrodes (2). A battery sealing element (4) which seals the electrolyte layer, comprises polyisobutylene group resin as base material.    USE - Pigment sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures the sealing performance of a battery sealing element satisfactorily for long period by preventing the leakage of an electrolyte layer, hence improves reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pigment sensitization type solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Photo electrode (1)    Counter electrode (2)    Electrolyte layer (3)    Battery sealing element (4)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor thin-film layer formed on a base material having low heat resistance, is intermittently heated by supplying electric pulses having time period less than 10 milliseconds, at predetermined intervals.    USE - For manufacturing thin film semiconductor element e.g. thin-film solar cell, thin-film transistor, liquid-crystal display panel.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents abnormal temperature rise of base material and improves electric characteristics of semiconductor thin film by intermittently heating semiconductor thin-film layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the thin-film semiconductor element manufacturing process.
NOVELTY - Light from an excimer laser, is passed through a phase randomizer optical element and irradiated on a semiconductor layer (103) formed on a substrate (101), to crystallize the semiconductor layer.    USE - For manufacturing thin-film transistor (TFT) used in light modulators of liquid crystal display (LCD) device, liquid crystal projector and in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thin-film transistor is manufactured easily and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electro-optical device manufacturing method; and    (2) electro-optical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the TFT manufacturing process.    substrate (101)    semiconductor layer (103)
NOVELTY - p-type semiconductor layer (14p), intrinsic semiconductor layer (14i) and n-type semiconductor layer (14n) are formed on substrate (11). The p-type semiconductor layer (14p) has amorphous semiconductor layer (24) of 1-8 nm thickness formed on the substrate side, by plasma chemical vapor deposition method at pressure of 160-400 Pascal or by setting dilution ratio of material gas to 50-85 times.    USE - For crystal silicon solar cell manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved energy conversion efficiency with reduced electrode damage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional diagram of the crystal silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (11)    Intrinsic semiconductor layer (14i)    n-type semiconductor layer (14n)    p-type semiconductor layer (14p)    Amorphous semiconductor layer (24)
NOVELTY - Apparatus for electrolytic deposition of layers on substrates (6) has grooves (7) in its side walls (8), into which the substrates fit. The apparatus is sealed by an anode (15), which acts as a lid.    USE - In thin-layer solar cell production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the apparatus.    Substrate (6)    Grooves (7)    Side walls (8)    Anode (15)
NOVELTY - Removing liquids from a gas stream, especially for the gas generating system of a fuel cell, comprises diverting the stream through a right angle, to produce a spiral flow.    USE - Used especially for removing liquids from the reformate gas of a fuel cell gas generator or from the exhaust gas stream from a fuel cell system in a vehicle (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for the above process which comprises a vertical tube (2), through which the gas is passed, which has perforations (6), through which the gas flows, into a spiral guide (7).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the apparatus, in partial cross-section.    Vertical tube (2)    Perforation (6)    Spiral guide (7)    Drains (9)    walls of guide (13)    Guide ribs (14)
NOVELTY - Process for dosing water comprises feeding water in a cycle through a steam-generating chamber (2) containing the reaction chamber (1); and regulating the amount of steam by acquiring the condition parameters of the water and/or the reaction region.    USE - Steam reforming of hydrocarbons in a gas generating system for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Very small amounts of steam can be dosed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process. Preferred Features: The steam-generating chamber surrounds the reaction chamber in the lower region and is in heat-conducting connection with it. The vapor produced from the lower region of the steam-generating chamber is fed to the reaction zone for superheating. The lower region of the steam-generating chamber is formed as a collecting container (6) for water and provided with a water run-off (7).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the dosing device.    reaction chamber (1)    steam-generating chamber (2)    collecting container (6)    water run-off (7)
NOVELTY - Providing a bimetallic catalyst having exceptional characteristics in terms of uniformity of distribution between the two metals across the catalyst support.    USE - For preferential oxidation reaction to reduce carbon monoxide content in hydrogen rich gases.    ADVANTAGE - The method improves the thinness of edge coated particle and the uniformity of distribution of two metals within coating, when compared to conventional methods. The platinum compound is distributed within a narrow band near the support surface which is a desirable structure for preferential oxidation reaction catalysts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of bimetallic catalyst coating on a catalyst support involves formulating an aqueous solution, followed by coating the aqueous solution on a catalyst support and drying the support. The aqueous solution is formulated by combining a first metal compound(s) selected from group VIII metals, a second metal compound(s) selected from VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII and IB group metals, an alkanol amine and water.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) aqueous solution; and    (2) bimetallic catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram showing the formation of bimetallic catalyst coating on a catalyst support.
NOVELTY - Method of forming transparent electrode layer film in solar battery using semiconductor compound film comprises a first sputtering process by conducting direct current (DC) spatter having low voltage supply to control spatter damage on target, and a second sputtering process using higher voltage.    USE - For forming transparent electrode film in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - High quality film can be formed quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the apparatus used;    (2) a similar method, in which sputtering uses a pair of targets facing each other; and    (3) the apparatus for realizing (2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the apparatus used.    Substrate container (13)    Substrate (14)    Low voltage DC spatter part (SP11)    High voltage DC spatter part (SP21)
NOVELTY - Growth of a silicon oxide layer on a substrate to produce a silicon oxide layer comprises reacting a mixture comprising a silicon source, a pyridine compound, a catalyst and an aqueous reduction oxidation solution with a substrate to form the silicon oxide layer.    USE - Growing a silicon oxide layer as a component in a solar cell, a gate oxide for low temperature thin film transistors, a component in a flat panel display, a component for microelectronics, and a component for integrated circuits. The silicon oxide layer is also useful for deep ultraviolet (UV) photolithography and as a protective coating (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The silicon oxide-based insulator layers have a thickness of 0.01-0.90 microns, a growth rate of up to 64 nm/minute, measured static dielectric constant of 2.95-4.8, and very good uniformity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface survey of a room temperature wet chemical growth (RTWCG) SiOX oxide (89 nm thick), grown on (111) p-type Si:B in A4:Pd solution, after sputtering of about 30 nm from the surface.
NOVELTY - An electroluminescent light emitting panel comprises a substrate (101), a transparent first electrode layer (102), a dielectric layer (103), an electroluminescent material layer, a transparent second electrode layer, and a front outlining electrode layer.    USE - Printing patterns of electrodes for electroluminescent light emitting panel. Also applicable to printable batteries, fuel cells and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The panel has high conductivity and transparency at low cost with respect to conductive inks.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electroluminescent light emitting panel that is transparent until illuminated comprises a substrate, a transparent first electrode layer, a dielectric layer, an electroluminescent material layer, a transparent second electrode layer, and a front outlining electrode layer. The electroluminescent layer emits light in the presence of an electrical potential applied to the first and second electrode layers. It is transparent in the absence of an electrical potential applied to the electrodes.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for fabricating an electroluminescent light emitting panel comprising:    (a) depositing a transparent first electrode layer on a transparent substrate,    (b) depositing a transparent dielectric layer on the first electrode,    (c) depositing an electroluminescent material layer on the dielectric layer,    (d) depositing a transparent second electrode layer on the electroluminescent material layer and    (e) depositing an outlining electrode on the second electrode layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of the electroluminescent panel.    Substrate (101)    Transparent first electrode layer (102)    Dielectric layer (103)
NOVELTY - Preparation of nanoparticle coated crystals comprises forming a mixture comprising nanoparticles and a solution of a crystal forming material, and coprecipitating the nanoparticles and the crystal forming material so that crystals are formed with at least one surface at least partially coated with nanoparticles.    USE - Used in catalyst, gas sensors, pigment, coloring, dyes, paints, coatings, adhesive polymer fillers, polymer composites, lubricants and oils, explosives and munitions, propellants, solid-fuels, batteries, solar cells, gratings and filters for electromagnetic radiation, lithographic masks, nanoimprinting, electronic components, optoelectronics components, molecular electronic components, optoelectronics components, molecular electronic devices, deposition of nanowires and nanocircuits onto substrates, magnetic materials and magnetic switches, temporary support materials for chemical or biochemical or photochemical modification of nanoparticles and chromatography, light emitting devices, photocatalytic materials, substrates for analysis by surface enhanced Raman, field effect transistors, periodic nanostructures, drug delivery, inks, X-ray lithography and security markers. The anisotropically modified nanocrystals are used as surfactants, surface modifiers or as building blocks for self assembly of more complex structure.    ADVANTAGE - Total microcrystals having high surface area are produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a nanoparticle coated crystal, and    (2) modifying nanoparticles which comprises reacting nanoparticles coated on crystal, with at least one other chemical compound and dissolving the crystal in preset solvent to leave behind the modified nanoparticles.
NOVELTY - A material having a conductive pattern comprises one surface of conductive element as outermost surface of material and other surface contiguous with a patterned surface consisting of at least2 types of surface element. Those parts of the conductive element contiguous with a type A surface element exhibit a greater surface resistance than those parts contiguous with a type B surface element.    USE - The invention can be used as an electronic circuit for making an electric or semiconductor device, e.g., printed circuit board, integrated circuit, display, electroluminescent device, or photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a material having a conductive pattern without a development step and without requiring the use of hazardous chemicals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A material having a conductive pattern comprises a support and a conductive element. The conductive element is at most 500 nm thick. It contains a polyanion and an intrinsically conductive polymer. One surface of the conductive element is an outermost surface of the material and the other surface is contiguous with a patterned surface. The patterned surface consists of at least 2 types of surface element. Those parts of the conductive element contiguous with a type A surface element exhibit a surface resistance at least a factor of ten greater than those parts of the conductive element contiguous with a type B surface element.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of making a conductive pattern on a support by providing a material for making a conductive pattern; processing the material with a developer to at least partially remove the parts of the conductive element contiguous with one type of the surface elements; and optionally enhancing the electroconductivity of the material.
NOVELTY - An electron reflection electrode is arranged on the periphery of each of the paired targets which are separated at a predetermined distance. A magnetic field having a portion parallel to the surface of each target is generated and extended from one target to the other, to surround a confinement space provided between the paired targets.    USE - Used for producing organic thin film devices such as organic electroluminescence devices, organic solar battery devices, organic rectifier devices or organic FETs.    ADVANTAGE - An organic thin-film device with high luminance and good charge injection properties can be obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the organic electroluminescence device.
NOVELTY - A magnetic field generation unit (8) having magnetic material is provided at outer side of a modification pipe (5) containing catalyst (3) for modification reaction.    USE - Gas reformer for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the magnetic-field generation unit is at outer side surface of pipe, the activated energy of the water vapor modification reaction is reduced without increasing the quantity of modification catalyst. Hence hydrogen gas can be produced efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a structure of the gas reformer.    Modification catalyst (3)    Modification pipe (5)    Magnetic field generation unit (8)
NOVELTY - A battery is sealed using adhesive layer (13), aluminum layer (12), formation treatment layer and multi-sealant layer (14). The sealant layer has coextrusion film of polyolefin and acid-modified polyolefin and the gel portion rate of 0.5%-80%.    USE - Used for packaging battery, e.g. lithium ion battery, lithium-polymer battery, used for personal computer, mobile telephone, PDA, video camera, electric vehicle, robot, etc., also for fuel cell and electrolytic capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents short circuiting of aluminum layer and lead wire of packing object and prevents delamination. Has damp-proof and retention resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of battery packaging material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Aluminum layer (12)    Adhesive layer (13)    Multi-sealant layer (14)
NOVELTY - An electricity generation system carries out anaerobic fermentation of organic waste or organic refuse using methane microbes, to obtain digestion gas. The methane in digestion gas is converted into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, by modification using a fluidized bed reactor, and hydrogen is purified. The purified hydrogen is re-purified using a noble metal or polymeric hydrogen separation membrane.    USE - For generating electricity using organic waste process digestion gas.    ADVANTAGE - The novel electricity generation system effectively uses the digestion gas produced from livestock excrements and organic refuse. Since carbons are not precipitated on the modification catalyst surface, rapid degradation of the modification catalyst is prevented ,and sufficient hydrogen conversion efficiency is achieved. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are efficiently separated. Since hydrogen, which does not contain carbon monoxide, is supplied to the fuel cell, the platinum electrode of the fuel cell is not poisoned. The durability of the fuel cell is thus improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electricity generation system carries out anaerobic fermentation process of the organic waste containing livestock excrement, or an organic refuse, using methane microbes, to obtain a digestion gas. Harmful substances are removed from the digestion gas, and methane in the eliminated digestion gas is converted into hydrogen and carbon monoxide by a catalytic modification process. The hydrogen gas is purified. A fuel cell (6) carries out electricity-generation using the purified hydrogen gas. A fluidized bed reactor is used for the modification process. The purified hydrogen is re-purified using a noble metal or a polymeric hydrogen separation membrane, between the hydrogen purification process and the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow sheet of the above electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (6)
NOVELTY - An adhesive sheet (1) consists of modified ethylene group resin containing 0.01 mass% or more of alkoxy silane as copolymer component and having melting point of 80-120degreesC and shear modulus at 80degreesC of 3x105 Pa or more.    USE - As a filter for solar cell (claimed) of solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive sheet has excellent durability and adhesion, and does not cause environment problems. Reliability of the solar cell module is improved using the adhesive sheet. The solar cell module is produced at low temperature in a short time efficiently using the adhesive sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell (3) which has adhesive sheet laminated and adhered on a non-light receiving surface (31) of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar cell.    Adhesive sheet (1)    Solar cell (3)    Non-light receiving surface (31)
NOVELTY - A self humidification member (3) with a porous film (18), is placed between a main stack (1) and an auxiliary stack (2) placed in two step series construction. The unreacted air is passed into one side of porous film and exhaust air from main stack is passed into another side of porous film for exchanging temperature and humidity.    USE - Pure hydrogen-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Exhaust air is supplied under a suitable condition to auxiliary stack in high usage rate with stable operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the pure hydrogen-type fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Main stack (1)    Auxiliary stack (2)    Humidification member (3)    Porous film (18)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell structure has a fuel electrode and air electrode fed with hydrogen and air respectively, for generating power. Reform exhaust gas circulation units (51-55) circulate the reform exhaust gas containing hydrogen gas from a reaction chamber to a combustion chamber. A reform exhaust gas regulation unit (56) regulates the amount of reform exhaust gas fed to the combustion chamber.    USE - Fuel cell power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Follows load variation rapidly while restraining the degradation of generation efficiency with simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of fuel cell power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reform exhaust gas circulation units (51-55)    Reform exhaust gas regulation unit (56)
NOVELTY - A heater heats the hydrogen reservoir (10) and releases the stored hydrogen for supplying to the fuel cell. The catalyst combustor (12) uses the fuel exhaust gas as fuel which has high concentration of unreacted hydrogen and high temperature heat generation capability.    USE - Used for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Allows to use hydrogen storage material MH having a high hydrogen releasing temperature and provides a large hydrogen storing quantity per unit area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of fuel cell power generation system.    Hydrogen reservoir (10)    Catalyst combustor (12)
NOVELTY - Two portions (205, 206) of different thermal conductive materials, fix a protective case containing several power conversion circuits (201), to a predetermined portion of a photovoltaic element module.    USE - Used in photovoltaic element module (claimed) of power generator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Due to the provision of different thermal conductive materials, the easy conduction of heat from the solar cell module to the power conversion circuit is prevented, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the power converter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) photovoltaic element module; and    (2) power generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the power converter.    Power conversion circuit (201)    Portions of protective case (205, 206)
NOVELTY - A rotary nozzle (8) which stirs the molten silicon (14), sprays an inert gas containing hydrogen into molten silicon, to remove oxide film formed on the surface of silicon.    USE - For use in semiconductor, solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Boron is effectively removed from the silicon surface, by spraying inert gas with hydrogen in molten silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for molten silicon refiner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of a refiner of the molten silicon.    Rotary nozzle (8)    Molten silicon (14)
NOVELTY - A molten solution of silicon is obtained by heating a mixture of hydrogen and chlorosilicanes. A reaction agent is introduced continuously or intermittently into a cooling recovery chamber (20), to react with the molten silicon at the temperature below the melting point and above the precipitation temperature of the silicon.    USE - For manufacturing silicon used as raw material for manufacturing semiconductor or battery used in solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents formation of obstructions in the nozzle due to the precipitation of molten silicon, by introducing reaction agent that prevents precipitation of molten silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Cooling recovery chamber (20)
NOVELTY - The amount of air introduced to a combustion portion of the water vapor reformer is set smaller than the amount of air for perfect combustion of heating gas. The partial combustion gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide are supplied in the reformation portion during starting of the reformer, so as to prevent oxidation of a modification catalyst.    USE - For water vapor reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation of the modification catalyst is prevented during starting and thereby deterioration of the catalyst is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for stopping method of water vapor reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the starting method of the water vapor reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Thin plates (12) having the effect of reflecting a radiant heat, is provided in a cavity (25) of a vacuum vessel, and is arranged parallel to the wall surface of the vessel.    USE - For fuel cell power generating devices.    ADVANTAGE - The thin plates reduce the heat release to the external, thereby thermal efficiency is improved. The size of fuel reformer is simplified by arranging thin plates parallel to the wall surface of the vessel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thin plates (12)    Cavity (25)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (1A) comprises a semiconductor electrode (4) and a gel-from electrolyte mainly containing titanium oxides, positioned between an anode and cathode. The electrolyte is placed in the anode side and the semiconductor electrode is placed in the cathode side.    USE - As solar cell of photoelectric cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has excellent durability, electricity generation efficiency and can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte solution is held in a gel base material such as thermoplastic resins.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar cell.    Solar cell (1A)    Semiconductor electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A photosensitive layer (20) is formed by heating semiconductor microparticle dispersion liquid containing 1 mass% or less of additive agent.    USE - For manufacturing optoelectric transducer (claimed) used in photovoltaic cell (claimed), photosensor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves energy conversion efficiency and performance of optoelectric transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Optoelectric transducer;    (2) Photovoltaic cell; and    (3) Photosensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fragmentary sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    Photosensitive layer (20)
NOVELTY - Platinum or platinum alloy powder for use as a catalyst in fuel cells or chemical reactions combines a BET specific surface area above 40m squared/g with a chlorine content below 100ppm.    USE - The platinum powder is used as anode- or cathode-catalyst in a fuel cell membrane-electrode unit (claimed). A typical example of use is in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, while a typical chemical reaction catalysis is in hydrogenation reactions.    ADVANTAGE - Problems associated with the use of the Adams-Shriner method are overcome. Large batches of product comprising uniform fine particles can be obtained and the process is ecologically-friendly in that there are no nitrogen oxide emissions. The risk of allergenic effects from the process is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the powder involving: (i) heating a melt of a low-melting mixture of alkali nitrates, a low-chlorine platinum (Pt) compound and optionally a low-chlorine compound of the alloying element to decompose the latter 2 compounds to their oxides; (ii) cooling the melt and dissolving it in water; and (iii) reducing the (mixed) oxides to the corresponding metal(s).
NOVELTY - The functional carbon paper is prepared through first preparation of two kinds of carbon paper pulp with different composition and different hydrophobic property, twice pulp filtering, pressing to form and post-treatment. The functional carbon paper with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic property is suitable for use as the electrode diffusion layer material in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The use of the carbon paper needs no complex post-treatment. The production process is simple and uses cheap material. In addition, graphite and other matter may be added during the preparation to make the carbon paper possess excellent conductivity and proper porosity.
NOVELTY - A molybdenum back metal contact layer (16), a semiconductor absorber layer (14), a photoactive film forming a heterojunction structure, a transparent conducting oxide layer (23) are sequentially formed on a flexible metallic substrate (12) made of aluminum or stainless steel. Grid contacts (24) are formed above the heterojunction structure.    USE - For satellites and other space vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell fabricated on a flexible Al substrate is lightweight, occupies less space and manufactured at low cost, thereby enabling effective usage in space applications. Since the flexible substrate is insulated from semiconductor absorber layer, the reaction between substrate and the absorber layer is inhibited. The thin film solar cell can be rolled and folded based on user's requirement using simple technique.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor absorber layer is made from a group consisting of Cu(In,Ga)Se2, CuInSe2, CuGaSe2, CuInS2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for thin film solar cell constructing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell.    Flexible metallic substrate (12)    Semiconductor absorber layer (14)    Molybdenum back metal contact layer (16)    Conducting oxide layer (23)    Grid contacts (24)
NOVELTY - Providing an organic PV device with improved photovoltaic performance capable of operating with a high external quantum efficiency.    USE - As organic photovoltaic devices e.g. organic solar cells, photodetectors and photocells.    ADVANTAGE - The organic photosensitive optoelectronic device has high power conversion efficiency which is achieved by multiple stacked subcells with thickness optimization and employing an electron blocking layer. The optoelectronic device has improved absorption of incident radiation for more efficient photogeneration of charge carriers. The sensitivity of the device is maximized to desired spectral regions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device has an anode, multiple subcells in series, an electron-hole recombination zone separating the subcells, and a cathode. Each subcell has an electron donor layer and an electron acceptor layer in contact with the donor layer. The current generated by each subcell is equal.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic photosensitive optoelectronic device fabrication which involves depositing a hole transport layer over the anode, depositing an electron transport layer comprising a fullerene over the hole transport layer, depositing an exciton blocking layer over the electron transport layer, and depositing a cathode over the exciton blocking layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts a tandem (consisting of two substance) device.
NOVELTY - The quantity of oxygen supplied to metal film formed on base, is decreased continuously.    USE - For continuous sputtering of metal oxide film on substrate for producing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient and continuous sputtering of metal oxide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the continuous metal oxide film sputtering method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A porous membrane (3) is formed by baking process, after coating the sol containing a metallic compound, water and alcohol, on the surface of an inorganic porous support (2).    USE - For fuel cell used in power station.    ADVANTAGE - Produces an inorganic porous substance without a pinhole.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) inorganic porous substance; and    (2) gas-separation module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of inorganic porous substance.    Inorganic porous support structure (2)    Porous membrane (3)
NOVELTY - Mixed gas (GMIX) which contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen is sent in anode chamber (A) of an electrochemical cell. Sweep gas (GSW) which contains moisture content of 0.1-0.4 mol is supplied to a cathode chamber (C). A high temperature form proton electroconductive solid electrolyte (S.E) is supplied in the electrochemical cell.    USE - For separating hydrogen from mixed gas, so as to be used as fuel in fuel cell of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacturing of high purity of hydrogen is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a hydrogen separation apparatus.    Anode chamber (A)    Cathode chamber (C)    Mixed gas (GMIX)    Sweep gas (GSW)    Proton electroconductive solid electrolyte (S.E)
NOVELTY - A fuel supply adjustment valve stops supply of hydrocarbon fuel intermittently while vehicle is running.    USE - For hydrogen fuel cell used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Caulking of the catalyst, is prevented and the catalyst is maintained in high activity state smoothly without interrupting supply of hydrogen. Since only valve is used for adjusting the fuel supply, the enlargement of the fuel cell is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel reformer control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Heat generated by the hydrogen occlusion tank (14) is transferred to the cooling water. Supply of hydrogen from the modification reaction device (3) and the hydrogen occlusion tank, is controlled based on the temperature of the cooling water.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies hydrogen stably to the fuel cell, stabilizes circulating water temperature and improves electric power generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification reaction device (3)    Hydrogen occlusion tank (14)
NOVELTY - A controller (8) controls a rectifier (72), which supplies electric current to an electrolysis cell (1), based on usage quantity of electricity for producing anode or cathode gas of predetermined amount. An electrolyzer temperature regulation mechanism (JT) is controlled by the controller for controlling temperature of electrolyzer within appropriate range.    USE - For producing hydrogen which is supplied to fuel cell of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Produces necessary amount of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, stably in an inexpensive manner without deteriorating electrolysis efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrolysis method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a structure of hydrogen and oxygen gas generating system.    Electrolysis cell (1)    Controller (8)    Rectifier (72)    Electrolyzer temperature regulation mechanism (JT)
NOVELTY - A modifier reforms a hydrocarbon group fuel, and the reformed fuel is passed through a combustion fuel flow path. A combustion fuel feed zone (17) supplies combustion fuel through several supply ports, in different positions along the combustion fuel flow path, to an evaporator, which heats the supplied fuel with oxygen supplied from a blower and a catalyst.    USE - As fuel reformer, for reforming hydrocarbon fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Enables sufficient heat exchange in the heating unit, and improves energy efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell of the above fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustion fuel feed zone (17)
NOVELTY - A method of producing a photo-electric transducer which contains a dye-adsorbed semiconductor fine particle layer and a conductive substrate, comprises treating the semiconductor fine particles with a silicon compound of specific formula.    USE - For photo sensors, copy machines, or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells with improved conversion efficiency and durability are obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of producing a photo-electric transducer which contains a dye-adsorbed semiconductor fine particle layer and a conductive substrate, comprises treating the semiconductor fine particles with a silicon compound of formula (I).    Si(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4) (I)    R1 to R4 = halogen atom, aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic, heterocyclic, -OR5, or -NR6R7 group;    R5 = hydrogen, aliphatic hydrocarbon, or silyl group; and    R6, R7 = aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
NOVELTY - An ultrasonic wave is applied to high temperature reformation chamber filled with fuel, catalyst and water, to generate air bubble by cavitation. The air bubble is crushed by the adiabatic compression and reformed gas is generated.    USE - For reforming liquid fuel e.g. hydrogen fuel for fuel cell used as power source.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces reformation time and improves reformation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for liquid fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of liquid fuel reformer.
NOVELTY - The preparation of hydrogen comprises bringing a nickel-cobalt alloy into contact with an alkali-containing aqueous solution which contains a metal-hydrogen complex compound.    USE - For the production of hydrogen, which can be used in fuel cells mounted on automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced efficiently at a high rate and the catalyst life of the nickel-cobalt alloy is long.
NOVELTY - Several plasma generation accelerating holes (3h) are formed apart from the gas blow-off holes (3b), such that the plasma generation accelerating holes do not penetrate a gas blow-off face plate (3a) of a counter electrode. Predetermined pitch maintained between plasma generation accelerating holes is different from the pitch maintained between the gas blow-off holes.    USE - Plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) equipment for forming various semiconductor layers in manufacture of thin film transistor (TFT) for liquid crystal display (LCD) in manufacture of photoconductive drum of copier, in manufacture of thin-film solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates to form semiconductor thin film with superior characteristics, uniformly at high speed irrespective of size of the flat surface of the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) method; and    (2) Thin-film solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the gas blow-off face plate of counter electrode of the plasma CVD apparatus.    Gas blow-off face plate (3a)    Gas blow-off holes (3b)    Plasma generation accelerating holes (3h)
NOVELTY - The adhesive sheet is a modified ethylene group resin sheet containing 0.01 mass part or more of epoxy compound with melting point of 80-120degreesC as a copolymerization component or an addition component. The sheet has shear modulus of 3x105 Pa or more at 80degreesC. The adhesive sheet is coated on the surface with alkoxysilane having an amino group.    USE - For fixing solar cell (claimed) in a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Production efficiency of the adhesive sheet is increased since the adhesive sheet is manufactured at low temperature and reduced time. The sheet has high durability and reduced residual stresses due to the moderate lamination conditions. Compared to the ethylene vinyl alcohol group filler, the epoxy compound copolymerized ethylene resin filler does not cause bad effects. Reliability of the solar cell module is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Sheet for solar cell filling (1) which comprises the adhesive sheet; and    (2) Solar cell (3) formed by laminating the sheet for solar cell fillers on the non-light receiving surface of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the solar cell.    Sheet for solar cell fillers (1)    Solar cell (3)
NOVELTY - The substrate is heated before depositing the functional film under the atmosphere containing 50-2000 and/or 1-500 Pa of partial pressure of gaseous hydrogen and less than 1 Pa partial pressure of water. A light transmitting material is coated on the transparent conductive or metal film and functional film is fixed on the substrate.    USE - For forming light absorption thin film for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Thin film has high electric conductivity and is manufactured without any major modification in manufacturing facilities, hence reducing manufacturing cost. Improves the efficiency of electric power generation of solar battery.
NOVELTY - The cell comprises anode electrode (20) which has film (23) of metal oxide semiconductor particles on base, and monomolecular dye layer on particle surface. Metal oxide particles having average particle size of 30-50 nm, comprise small-sized particles having size less than 30 nm and preferably more than 10 nm, and big-sized particles having size more than 100 nm and preferably less than 200 nm.    USE - As photo-electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-electrochemical cell has improved photon conversion efficiency at longer wavelengths. The small-sized particles of metal oxide particles improve surface area for dye adsorption. The big-sized particles improve light scattering effect. The generation of cracking of the film containing metal oxide particles, during sintering is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photo-electrochemical cell comprises an anode electrode (20), a cathode electrode (10), and an electrolyte (30). The anode electrode comprises a film (23) of metal oxide semiconductor particles, deposited and sintered on a transparent substrate, and a dye (25) which is adsorbed as monomolecular layer on surface of the particles. The electrolyte is filled in a space provided between the anode and cathode electrodes. The metal oxide particles comprise small-sized particles having size of less than 30 nm and preferably more than 10 nm, and big-sized particles having size of more than 100 nm and preferably less than 200 nm. The average particle size of the metal oxide particles is 30-50 nm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the structure and principal of photo-electrochemical cell, and enlarged drawing of the metal oxide particle.    Cathode electrode (10)    Anode electrode (20)    Metal oxide particle film (23)    Dye (25)    Electrolyte (30)
NOVELTY - A system (100) for producing hydrogen and fueling vehicles, has a bulk tank (102) containing liquid natural gas, a heat exchanger (108) connected to the bulk tank for warming liquid natural gas, a reformer (110) connected to the heat exchanger for producing hydrogen from the warmed liquid natural gas, and a dispenser (116) connected to the reformer for dispensing produced hydrogen to the vehicles.    USE - For producing hydrogen and fueling vehicles by using hydrogen to produce power (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The simple and economical system efficiently converts liquid natural gas into pure hydrogen, and reduces waste material generated. The system is provided at a lower cost to the existing and growing infrastructure supplying bulk natural gas. By transporting liquid natural gas by using the tanker truck of the system to the reformer, pure hydrogen is produced efficiently. Since natural gas is 98% efficient, when stripping hydrogen from natural gas, very low amount of carbon dioxide waste is produced. Since the liquid natural gas has ignition energy, the liquid natural gas is safer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of fueling vehicles by using hydrogen to produce power, which involves warming stored liquid natural gas, converting the warmed liquid natural gas to hydrogen gas, and dispensing hydrogen produced to the vehicles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of the fuel cell refueling station.    Hydrogen producing-and-fueling system (100)    Bulk tank (102)    Sump (104)    Heat exchanger (108)    Reformer (110)    Purifier (111)    Compressor (112)    Gas storage tube (114)    Dispenser (116)
NOVELTY - Solar cell comprises at least two photovoltaically active surfaces, one of which faces the light incidence side. Both surfaces are directed towards the light incidence side and are arranged on the base surfaces having an electrically conducting surface. The metallic regions of the base surfaces are electrically connected together and the electrodes are connected to the p-doped photovoltaic surface on one side and to the n-doped photovoltaic surface on the other side.    USE - Used as a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Schottky barrier losses are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The base surfaces are made from an intrinsic semiconductor material of the material which forms the photovoltaically active surfaces. When silicon is used as the photovoltaic material, the base surfaces are coated in organic p- and/or n-doped silicon containing an electrically conducting binder and/or granular or amorphous silicon.
NOVELTY - Platinum-free chelate catalyst (I) with a porous, conductive carbon matrix containing unsupported transition metal (M1) as electron donor, another transition metal (M2) in a nitrogen-coordinated chelate complex as catalytic center and an organic chalcogen compound as an electron-conducting bridge between the isolated metal (M1) and the coordinated chelate.    USE - For selective oxygen reduction, e.g. in direct methanol fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A platinum-free, chelate catalyst material with high catalytic activity and stability, which can be produced in a few stages on a large scale from a small number of components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Platinum-free chelate catalyst material (I) for selective oxygen reduction with at least one unsupported transition metal (M1), a nitrogen component and a carbon component in the form of a porous, conductive carbon matrix in which the unsupported transition metal is bonded as an electron donor and a nitrogen-coordinated transition metal chelate is bonded as the catalytic center.    In this material, the nitrogen and carbon components are combined together in a N-containing organometallic complex with a transition metal other than M1, in which this other metal (M2) is coordinated to the chelate via nitrogen, and the carbon matrix also contains an organic chalcogen compound as an electron-conducting bridge between the isolated M1 atoms and the coordinated M2 chelate.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for the production of (I) by mixing a salt of metal (M1) with the complex of (M2) and the chalcogen compound, pyrolyzing the mixture at 450degreesC for a few hours, cooling the polymerized mixture and mixing with an acid, boiling the acid mixture for a few minutes and then cooling, filtering off the resulting powder, washing with water and drying.
NOVELTY - Electrode for fuel cells has an electrolyte film electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion-conductive polymer electrolyte film and a pair of electrodes which sandwich the hydrogen ion-conductive polymer electrolyte film. The electrode comprises a catalyst layer which contacts with the polymer electrolyte film and a gas diffusion layer which contacts with the catalyst layer.    USE - Used as an electrode for a fuel cell using a liquid fuel such as ethanol, methanol and dimethyl ether.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode is prevented from being peeled off in a production process by optimizing a water repellent material added to a gas diffusion layer. The electrode is manufactured at low cost and can provide a high discharge performance. A fuel cell with high discharge properties and high durability is produced safely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas diffusion layer contains a fiberized water repellent material.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) a polymer electrolyte fuel cell which has the electrode; and    (2) the manufacture of the electrode by adding a fiberized water repellent material to the gas diffusion layer and heating at a temperature below the melting point of the water repellent material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 2 shows the water repellent material.    Primary Particles (11)    Fiberized Member (12)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a material for the construction of a fuel cell component involves providing source materials including sheets of uncured resin impregnated graphite material; grinding the source materials into uncured particles; and without re-expanding the particles, molding the uncured particles to form the material for the construction of the component of the fuel cell.    USE - The method is used for the manufacture of a material for the construction of a fuel cell component, particularly useful in the manufacture of flow field plates and electrodes for fuel cells, e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the uncured resin-impregnated material to be reground and molded into new flow field plates or electrodes, without re-expanding the particles. Thus the additives are not exposed to the destructive high temperatures that would be encountered in a furnace during a re-expansion process. The method allows re-use of the uncured resin-impregnated scrap created in the production of, e.g. flow field plates, thus decreasing disposal costs.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a flow chart showing the manufacture of a flow field plate or an electrode for a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A focused-light annealing is performed on a low crystal quality thin semiconductor film formed on a substrate (1) so as to melt, semi-melt or heat the film. The melted film is cooled, to enhance the crystallization of the film.    USE - For forming thin semiconductor film e.g. polycrystalline silicon film for use in silicon semiconductor device, silicon semiconductor integrated circuit, silicon-germanium semiconductor device silicon-germanium semiconductor integrated circuit, compound semiconductor device, compound semiconductor integrated circuit, silicon carbide semiconductor device, silicon carbide semiconductor integrated device, polycrystalline diamond semiconductor device, polycrystalline diamond semiconductor integrated circuit, liquid crystal display, organic or inorganic electroluminescence (EL) display, field emission display (FED), light emitting polymer display, light emitting diode display, CCD area/liner sensor, CMOS or MOS sensor and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides high quality high-crystallanity polycrystalline or monocrystalline thin semiconductor film, at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Semiconductor device production method;    (2) Thin semiconductor film formation apparatus;    (3) Semiconductor device production apparatus; and    (4) Electro-optical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the MOSTFT production process.    Substrate (1)
NOVELTY - A gas containing water vapor, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide derived from biomass (10A) is contacted with a catalyst for steam reforming, to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The resultant gas containing water vapor and carbon monoxide is contacted with a catalyst for steam shifting, to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide, to produce a gas containing hydrogen derived from biomass.    USE - For producing gas containing hydrogen from biomass, used to operate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal energy from flue gas is used to supply heat to compensate energy for endothermic reactions. Moisture from the biomass is reduced by a dryer supplied from a flue gas. A gas containing hydrogen derived from biomass is separated from the gas, to produce hydrogen devoid of impurities. The method is continuous, and hydrogen contained in the gas is stored in a medium and separated from the gas for subsequent release.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method to produce hydrogen involves providing a gas containing water vapor and carbon monoxide derived from a biomass; a flue gas (24A) by combustion of the biomass; a catalyst for steam reforming a gas containing hydrocarbons; a catalyst for steam shifting of the gas containing carbon monoxide derived from steam reforming; contacting the gas containing water vapor, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide with the steam reforming catalyst, to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and contacting the gas after steam reforming containing water vapor and carbon monoxide, with steam shifting catalyst, to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and thus producing a gas containing hydrogen derived from a biomass.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow sheet of the method of producing hydrogen from gas containing water vapor carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.    Biomass (10A)    Flue gas (24A)
NOVELTY - A carbon layer gas (2) is modified and methane content is reduced. The modified carbon layer gas is supplied to a pressurization-type gasifier (20) by increasing the pressure. Partial oxidation of the modified carbon layer gas and carbon group fuel is carried out. One portion of the carbon monoxide produced by partial oxidation is reacted with water vapor and is converted into hydrogen.    USE - For producing mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide for use in fuel and electric-power joint production plant (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The mixed gas manufacturing method is safe and effectively uses carbon layer gas. The method saves energy and contributes to global-warming prevention.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A carbon layer gas (2), an oxidizing agent and water vapor having a carbon group fuel and methane as main component are supplied and reacted in a pressurization-type gasifier (20). The carbon layer gas is modified and methane content is reduced. The modified carbon layer gas is supplied to the gasifier by increasing the pressure. Partial oxidation of the modified carbon layer gas and carbon group fuel is carried out. One portion of the carbon monoxide produced by partial oxidation is reacted with water vapor and is converted into hydrogen. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Mixed gas manufacturing apparatus; and    (2) Fuel and electric-power joint production plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of the fuel and electric-power joint production plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon layer gas (2)    Gasifier (20)
NOVELTY - A transformation unit (5) is located between reformation unit (3) and selective-oxidation unit (6) to provide heat conduction. A heater (4) is adjusted to maintain temperature of the reformation unit appropriate for reformation process, and a cooler (10) is adjusted to maintain the selective-oxidation unit temperature appropriate for selective-oxidation process.    USE - For controlling operation of hydrogen gas production apparatus for electric power generation reaction in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains temperature of reformation and selective-oxidation units by simple control.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vertical side view of the hydrogen gas production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformation unit (3)    Heater (4)    Transformation unit (5)    Selective-oxidation unit (6)    Cooler (10)
NOVELTY - Supply of water vapor to a modification unit (3) is stopped and desulfurized gas is supplied to the modification unit, when the temperature inside the modification unit and a transformation unit (5), falls to specific temperature at which precipitation of carbon by thermal decomposition of the desulfurized gas is prevented.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas used in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The starting time of the hydrogen gas generation apparatus, is reduced and maintenance operation is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen gas generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification unit (3)    Transformation unit (5)
NOVELTY - A photosensitization type solar cell has a n-type semiconductor electrode (4) having pigment provided on its surface, an opposing substrate (5) having an electrical conductive film (6) on its surface and an electrolyte composition layer. The electrode and the film are clamped together. The electrolyte composition layer performs relay of charge transport between the film and the electrode.    USE - Used as photosensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photosensitization type solar cell has high energy conversion efficiency and industrial value. Even when the solar cell is used in high-temperature environment, energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell is not reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photosensitization type solar cell has a n-type semiconductor electrode having pigment provided on its surface, an opposing substrate having an electrical conductive film on its surface and an electrolyte composition layer. The n-type semiconductor electrode and the electrical conductive film are clamped together. The electrolyte composition layer performs relay of the charge transport between the electrically conductive film and the semiconductor electrode. The electrolyte composition (10) of the electrolyte composition layer contains imidazolium salt selected from 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-isopropyl imidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-butyl imidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-isobutyl imidazolium iodide and/or 1-methyl-3-s butyl imidazolium iodide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the photosensitization type solar cell.    Semiconductor electrode (4)    Opposing substrate (5)    Electrically conductive film (6)    Electrolyte composition (10)
NOVELTY - A dirt inhibitor contains a mixture of silicone oil (3) and liquid freon, with 10-100 centistokes viscosity. The solar cell module has anti-reflective layer (2) on which the dirt inhibitor is coated.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The dirt adhered on the light incidence surface of the anti-reflective layer is removed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module.    Anti-reflective layer (2)    Silicone oil (3)
NOVELTY - A reforming apparatus comprising a reformer catalytically producing an H2-enriched gas from a fuel stream, together with a fuel inlet and an air inlet, is such that the reforming catalyst is a noble metal catalyst on a metal oxide carrier, there also being a claimed variant in which the apparatus also has a device which selectively and catalytically oxidizes the CO in the reform gas to CO2, in which case the air supply device can also feed the selective oxidation device.    USE - The reformed gas is used as a feed for fuel cells, e.g. in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike in prior-art (e.g. Cu- and Ru-catalysed) systems, abnormal heat generation, and subsequent catalyst deactivation, is prevented and the system can be easily stopped and catalyst deactivation limited without the need to use an inert gas to effect rinsing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also included are INDEPENDENT CLAIMS for rinsing processes using the reforming apparatus (or its variant) involving stopping the fuel feed and then commencing feed of the air. In the case of the variant being used, the selective oxidation catalyst is one including Pt.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows results obtained in measuring catalyst temperature against time in the reforming of MeOH following stoppage of the MeOH and water feeds and rinsing the reformer with air, the results being shown for use of both a Pd and a (control) Cu catalyst with the start of the air rinsing step indicated by the upwards-pointing arrow.
NOVELTY - The composite membrane comprises a flexible, porous, substrate membrane with a metallic catalytic layer. It also serves to separate hydrogen produced, from the membrane reactor.    USE - Reforming a hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen for a fuel cell for stationary or mobile use (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has both high hydrogen permeability and selectivity. At the same time, its stability is high. These factors suit it for use in a reactor where it is subjected to high pressure and/or alternating conditions of pressure, at high temperatures. High purity hydrogen is produced. Conveniently, the membrane may be electrically-heated. No subsequent shift reaction stage is required and no oxygen is involved. Very high temperatures can be reached in the reaction zone, yet no fuel is consumed for heating, and coke formation is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the electrically-heated composite membrane and a membrane reactor. The membrane substrate is effectively perforated, being preferably a fabric and/or fleece made of porous ceramic. Hydrogen is formed in contact with methane and water at 700 degrees C. The membrane separates the hydrogen, whilst retaining other components of the reaction mixture.
NOVELTY - Production of an adhesive composite of metal layers on glass comprises using a glass substrate made from SiO2 and the usual network formers and converters. One of the starting materials for the glass is zinc oxide in a concentration of 10 wt.%. Palladium is grown on the substrate in an acidic Pd (II) electrolyte before being metallized.    USE - Used in the production of photovoltaic cells, sensors, electronic switches and in biotechnology.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A temperature of 1400-1500degrees C for the glass manufacture is adjusted for placing the glass into a platinum crucible and a temperature of 1600degrees C is adjusted for the fine melt and refining.
NOVELTY - Process for structuring an oxide layer applied to a support material comprises a screen printing paste containing an oxide-etching component onto the oxide layer through a printing screen in a screen printing process; and removing the paste after a prescribed interacting time.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a solar cell comprising producing an oxide layer on a p-doped wafer, structuring the oxide layer as in the above process, inserting a selectively high n-doping into the structured regions, removing the oxide layer, inserting a weak n-doping over the high n-dopings, and contacting the incidence light side after screening printing in regions of the high n-doping.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the screen printing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)
NOVELTY - Electrochemical reaction takes place in gaseous or dissolved condition, with - on opposite sides of a hollow fiber membrane - a gas or liquid phase of reagents for and/or reaction products of the reaction. The walls of the membrane comprise ionic groups. The phases of the inner and outer sides of the membrane do not mix. The surface of the membrane on the inner and outer side is covered with an electroconductive membrane permeable to liquid or gas.    USE - For batteries to store and produce electricity and for oxygen pumps (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Electrolysis and electrochemical conversion is achieved efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) use of a hollow fiber membrane in which the walls comprise ionic groups and at which the surface on opposite walls is covered with a permeable electroconductive layer;    (b) a device comprising a holder with fiber membranes; and    (c) methods of manufacturing specific devices, e.g. batteries or pumps.
NOVELTY - A CIGA light-absorbing layer is formed by heat-treating in an Se atmosphere a precursor thin film of group Ib-IIIb metals formed by sputtering. The precursor thin film is formed by a facing target sputtering method using a pair of targets of a mixture of sputtering particles of different kinds of target materials, and thereby a light-absorbing layer of a compound semiconductor with a high quality for a thin-film solar cell is formed by a quick process. Alternatively, a precursor thin film of a single layer of an alloy is formed by simultaneously supplying a group Ib metal element and a group IIIb metal element, and then the precursor thin film is turned to a selenide, thereby quickly forming a light-absorbing layer of a compound semiconductor with a high quality for a thin film solar cell.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A pumping system (105) and a catalyst system (107) are connected in fluid communication with a fuel container (101) and a spent fuel container (102), respectively. A portion of the two containers is shared through a flexible shared partition.    USE - The hydrogen is used for fuel cells, combustion engines and mobile applications etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the two fuel containers are shared through a flexible shared partition, a portable hydrogen generator that is efficient and compact in configuration is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for hydrogen generating method and apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of portable hydrogen generator.    Fuel container (101)    Spent fuel container (102)    Pumping system (105)    Catalyst system (107)
NOVELTY - A reformer generates hydrogen rich reformed gas from fuel stream using noble metal catalyst carried by a metallic oxide.    USE - For fuel cell system used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Limits abnormal heat generation and heat degradation of catalyst during scavenging process by using noble metal catalyst carried by metallic oxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for scavenging method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of reforming catalyst layer used in the reforming apparatus.