TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: Determining a first indication comprises measuring a speed of the vehicle; measuring an acceleration of the vehicle; measuring a slope of the road; measuring a mass of the vehicle; measuring ambient condition(s); calculating a specific power using the speed, the acceleration, the slope, the mass, and the ambient condition(s); and comparing the specific power to a predetermined limit. It further comprises adjusting the acceleration to correspond to the slope.Determining a second indication comprises measuring an amount of water vapor in the exhaust stream using the emissions sensor; measuring an amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust stream using the emissions sensor; determining a ratio of water and carbon dioxide using the amount of water and the amount of carbon dioxide; and comparing the ratio to a predetermined fuel factor.Determining a second indication comprises measuring an amount of 1,3-butadiene in the exhaust stream using the emissions sensor; and determining whether the amount exceeds a predetermined threshold.Determining a third indication comprises measuring an amount of ethylene in the exhaust stream using the emissions sensor; measuring an amount of acetylene in the exhaust stream using the emissions sensor; calculating a ratio of the amount of ethylene and the amount of acetylene; and comparing the ratio to a predetermined threshold.It may comprise measuring an amount of total hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream; measuring an amount of methane in the exhaust stream; calculating a ratio of the amount of total hydrocarbons and the total methane; and comparing the ratio to a predetermined threshold.Determining a third indication alternatively comprises measuring an amount of ammonia in the exhaust stream and comparing the amount of ammonia to a predetermined threshold. It may also comprise measuring an amount of benzene in the exhaust stream; measuring an amount of toluene in the exhaust stream; calculating a ratio of the amount of benzene and the amount of toluene; and comparing the ratio to a predetermined threshold.The steps of calculating and comparing are not required if the first indication is indicative of an open loop operating condition.