NOVELTY - Use of dispersions for building up a galvanic element in layers, especially where the layers are applied by only one method, have various functional properties, which can be alone (sic) or in any combination, and include ionic and electronic conductivity, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, catalytic, mechanical properties, good adhesion, and high tensile strength is new.    USE - The layered structures are useful in the production of membrane cells, e.g. membrane electrode fuel cells, secondary batteries, membranes electrolysis cells, gas separation, reverse osmosis, diffusion dialysis, separation of alkene/alkane mixtures    ADVANTAGE - The structured layers can be produced in a single production step, the power can be varied by inclusion or exclusion of specific elements, the method is simple and cost effective, the process can be easily applied to the construction of fuel cell units of any power, e.g. with series or parallel connection.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The use of dispersions for building up a galvanic element in layers, especially where the layers are applied by only one method, preferably by spraying, printing (screen printing, high pressure printing, gravure printing, ink ball, dot-matrix printer, pattern printing), CVD-, lithographic-, or transfer printing processes, have various functional properties, which can be alone (sic) or in any combination, and include ionic and electronic conductivity, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, catalytic, mechanical properties, good adhesion, high tensile strength, and adapted (sic) thermal expansion, and the layers can be porous or dense.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) application of the dispersions to a porous carrier substrate, whose open porosity is at least 50%, where the carrier substrate can be optionally electron conducting, has a smooth surface, is chemically stable, is acid and organic solvent resistant, is heat resistant up to 350 degrees C, has high mechanical stability, e.g. a bending strength exceeding 30 MPs, and elasticity modulus greater than 9000 MPa;    (2) formation of porous layers from the dispersions by a specific process or by addition of pore formers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a fuel cell and its electrode structure.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Porous anode (3)    Porous cathode (4)