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Robinson, 1972 (18 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Steam, Stephens et al., Jan. 19, 1984 (37 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification-A Leading Contender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages).;  Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages).;  Underground Shale Oil Pyrolysis According to the Ljungstroem Method; Svenska Skifferolje Aktiebolaget (Swedish Shale Oil Corp.), IVA, vol. 24, 1953, No. 3, pp. 118-123.;  Results From the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 pages).;  Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages).;  Retorting Oil Shale Underground-Problems & Possibilities; B.F. Grant, Qtly of Colorado School of Mines, pp 39-46.;  Retorting and Combustion Processes In Surface Oil-Shale Retorts, A.E. Lewis & R.L. Braun, May 2, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages).;  Review of Underground Coal Gasification Field Experiments at Hoe Creek (34 pages).;  Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al., Nov. 1983, (27 pages).;  Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, J.H. Bae, Sep., 1969; pp. 287-292.;  Some Relationships of Thermal Effects to Rubble-Bed Structure and Gas-Flow Patterns in Oil Shale Retorts, W. A. Sandholtz, Mar. 1980 (19 pages).;  Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages).;  Study of Gas Evolution During Oil Shale Pyrolysis by TQMS, Oh et al., Feb. 1988 (10 pages).US6929067-B2  Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal as it Relates to In-Situ Coal Gasification, J.H. Campbell, Jan. 17, 1977 (20 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Mar. 22, 1978 (9 pages front & back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;and Oil Shale Residual Carbon. I. Effect of Heating Rate on Reactivity, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 11, 1978 (11 pages front and back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between Steam and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Oct. 1978 (8 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics and Diagnostics For Oil Shale Retorting, Alan K. Burnham, Oct. 19, 1981 (32 pages).;  Recent Experimental Developments in Retorting Oil Shale at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Albert J. Rothman, Aug. 1978 (32 pages).;  Refining Of Swedish Shale Oil, L. Lundquist, pp. 621-627.;  Results From the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 pages).;  Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retoring Oil Shale Underground-Problems & Possibilities; B.F. Grant, Qtly of Colorado School of Mines, pp 39-46.;  Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages).;  Retorting and Combustion Processes In Surface Oil-Shale Retorts, A.E. Lewis & R.L. Braun, May 2, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages).;  Review of Underground Coal Gasification Field Experiments at Hoe Creek (34 pages).;  Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al., Nov. 1983, (27 pages).;  Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, J.H. Bae, Sep., 1969; pp. 287-292.;  Some Relationships of Thermal Effects to Rubble-Bed Structure and Gas-Flow Patterns in Oil Shale Retorts, W. A. Sandholtz, Mar. 1980 (19 pages).;  Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages).;  Study of Gas Evolution During Oil Shale Pyrolysis by TQMS, Oh et al., Feb. 1988 (10 pages).;  Technical Underground Coal Gasification Summation: 1982 Status, Stephens et al., Jul. 1982 (22 pages).;  Further Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Sep. 1987, (16 pages).;  General Kinetic Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Dec. 1984 (25 pages).;  General Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Nov. 1983 (22 pages).;  Geochemistry and Pyrolysis of Oil Shales, Tissot et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 1-11.;  Geotechnical Instrumentation Applied to In Situ Coal Gasification Induced Subsidence, Ganow et al. Jun. 21, 1978 (16 pages).;  Ground-Water and Subsidence Investigations of the LLL In Situ Coal Gasification Experiments, Mead et al, Jul. 17-20, 1978 (31 pages).;  High-BTU Gas Via In Situ Coal Gasification, Stephens et al., Oct., 1978 (41 pages).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Colorado Oil Shale, Alan K. Burnham & Mary F. Singleton, Oct. 1982 (23 pages).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Green River Oil Shale, Burnham et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 335-351.;  Investigation of the Temperature Variation of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Coal, Badzioch et aI., Fuel, vol. 43, No. 4, Jul. 1964, pp. 267-280.;  Tests of a Mechanism for H&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;S Release During Coal Pyrolysis, Coburn et al., May 31, 1991, (6 pages).;  The Benefits of In Situ Upgrading Reactions to the Integrated Operations of the Orinoco Heavy-Oil Fields and Downstream Facilities, Myron Kuhlman, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Jun. 2000; pp. 1-14.;  The Characteristics of a Low Temperature in Situ Shale Oil; George Richard Hill & Paul Dougan, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, 1967; pp. 75-90.;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oil, Glen L. Cook, et al., 1968 (12 pages).;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oils, Glenn L. Cook, et al., United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, 1968, pp. 1-23.;  The Controlled Retracting Injection Point (Crip) System: A Modified Stream Method for In Site Coal Gasification, R.W. Hill & M.J. Shannon, Apr. 15, 1981 (11 pages).;  Kinetic Analysis of California Oil Shale By Programmed Temperature Microphyrolysis, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 9, 1991 (14 pages).;  Kinetic Studies of Gas Evolution During Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal, J. H. Campbell et al., May 11, 1976, (14 pages).;  Kinetics of Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Oil Shale by the IITRI RF Process, Sresty et al.; 15&lt;SUP&gt;th &lt;/SUP&gt;Oil Shale Symposium, Colorado School of Mines, Apr. 1982 pp. 1-13.;  LLL In-Situ Coal Gasification Program, Stephens et al., Jun., 14, 1976 (12 pages).;  Laboratory Measurements of Groundwater Leaching and Transport of Pollutants Produced During Underground Coal Gasification, V.A. Dalton & J.H. Campbell, Mar. 1, 1978 (21 pages).;  Laboratory Scale Simulation of Underground Coal Gasification: Experiment and Theory, J.R. Creighton & (27 pages).;  Environmental Controls for Underground Coal Gasification: Ground-Water Effects and Control Technologies, Warren Mead & Ellen Raber, Mar. 14, 1980 (19 pages).;  Evaluation of Downhole Electric Impedance Heating Systems for Paraffin Control in Oil Wells; Industry Applications Society 37&lt;SUP&gt;th &lt;/SUP&gt;Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Bosch et al., Sep. 1990, pp. 223-227.;  Evolution of Sulfur Gases During Coal Pyrolysis, Oh et al., Feb. 3, 1988, (11 pages).;  Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Robert J. Cena, Aug. 14, 1987, (11 pages).;  Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis of Oil Shale, J.H. Richardson & E.B. Huss, Oct. 1981 (27 pages).;  A One-Dimensional Model for In Situ Coal Gasification, Thorsness et al., Aug. 25, 1978 (76 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism Of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil Shale Retorting, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Ward, Nov. 26, 1980 (20 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane Production, Burnham et al., Oil Shale, Tar Sands, and Related Materials, American Chemical Society, 1981, pp. 79-92.;  Analysis of Multiple Gas-Solid Reactions During the Gasification of Char in Oil Shale Blocks, Braun et al., Apr. 1981 (14 pages).;  Analysis of Oil Shale and Petroleum Source Rock Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Comparisons of Gas Evolution at the Heating Rate of 10 C./Min., Reynolds et al. Oct. 5, 1990 (57 pages).;  Application of a Microretort to Problems in Shale Pyrolysis, A. W. Weitkamp & L.C. Gutberlet, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop. vol. 9, No. 3, 1970, pp. 386-395.;  Bureau of Mines Oil-Shale Research, H.M. Thorne, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 77-90.;  Burn Cavity Growth During the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, R.W. Hill, Jun. 8, 1981 (28 pages).;  Catalytic Activity of Oxidized (Combusted) Oil Shale for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia as a Reductant in Combustion Gas Streams, Part II, Reynolds et al., Jan. 4, 1993 (9 pages).;  Chemical Kinetics and Oil Shale Process Design, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 1993 (16 pages).;  Coal Block Gasification Experiments: Laboratory Results and Field Plans: C.B. Thorsness & R.W. Hill, Jul. 1981 (23 pages).;  Coal Pyrolysis and Methane Decomposition In the Presence of a Hot Char Bed, Peters et al., Aug. 1983, (21 pages).;  Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Mar. 23, 1987, (29 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, B.C. Trent & R.T. Langland, Aug. 1981 (40 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, R.T. Langland & B.C. Trent, Jul. 1981 (16 pages).;  Control Aspects of Underground Coal Gasification: LLL Investigations of Ground-Water and Subsidence Effects, Mead et al., Nov. 10, 1978 (21 pages).;  Developments in Technology for Green River Oil Shale, G.U. Dinneen, United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Laramie Petroleum Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 1968, pp. 1-20.;  Direct Production Of A Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil; Hill et al., I & EC Product Research and Development, 6(1), Mar. 1967; pp. 52-59.;  Enthalpy Relations For Eastern Oil Shale, David W. Camp, Nov. 1987 (13 pages).;  The Historical Development of Underground Coal Gasification, D. Olness & D.W. Gregg, Jun. 30, 1977 (60 pages).;  The Hoe Creek Experiements: LLNL's Underground Coal Gasification Project in Wyoming, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 1981 (162 pages).;  The Hoe Creek II Field Experiment of Underground Coal Gasification, Preliminary Results, Aiman et al., Feb. 27, 1978 (26 pages).;  The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts, Sandholtz et al. Sep. 18, 1978 (30 pages).;  The Ljungstroem In-Situ Method of Shale Oil Recovery, G. Salomonsson, Oil Shale and Cannel Coal, vol. 2, Proceedings of the Second Oil Shale and Cannel Coal Conference, Institute of Petroleum, 1951, London, pp. 260-280.;  The Permittivity and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Shale, A.J. Piwinskii & A. Duba, Apr. 28, 1975 (12 pages).;  The Potential For In Situ Retorting of Oil Shale In the Piceance Creek Basin of Northwestern Colorado; Dougan et al., Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 57-72.;  The Shale Oil Question, Old and New Viewpoints, A Lecture in the Engineering Science Academy, Dr. Fredrik Ljungstrom, Feb. 23, 1950, published in Teknisk Trdskrift, Jan. 1951 p. 33-40.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of a Hanna Basin Coal, R.E. Glass, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 106, Jun. 1984, pp. 266-271.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of the Coal in the Big Coal Seam, R.E. Glass, In Situ, 8(2), 1984, pp. 193-205.;  The Use of Tracers in Laboratory and Field Tests of Underground Coal Gasification and Oil Shale Retorting, Lyczkowski et al., Jun. 16, 1978 (19 pages).;  Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150 to 350 C. Rate of Production Formation, J.J. Cummins & W.E. Robinson, 1972 (18 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Steam, Stephens et al., Jan. 19, 1984 (37 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification-A Leading Contender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages).;  Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages).;  Underground Shale Oil Pyrolysis According to the Ljungstroem Method; Svenska Skifferolje Aktiebolaget (Swedish Shale Oil Corp.), IVA, vol. 24, 1953, No. 3, pp. 118-123.;  Mathematical Modeling of Modified In Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting, Robert L. Braun, Jan. 1981 (45 pages).;  Molecular Mechanism of Oil Shale Pyrolysis in Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atmospheres, Hershkowitz et al.; Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, May 1983 pp. 301-316.;  Monitoring Oil Shale Retorts by Off-Gas Alkene/Alkane Ratios, John H. Raley, Fuel, vol. 59, Jun. 1980, pp. 419-424.;  New System Stops Paraffin Build-up; Petroleum Engineer, Eastlund et al., Jan. 1989, (3 pages).;  New in situ shale-oil recovery process uses hot natural gas; The Oil & Gas Journal; May 16, 1966, p. 151.;  Numerical Model of Coal Gasification in a Packed Bed, A.M. Winslow, Apr. 1976 (27 pages).;  Oil Degradation During Oil Shale Retorting, J.H. Raley & R.L. Braun, May 24, 1976 (14 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting Processes: A Technical Overview, Lewis et al., Mar. 1984 (18 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting: Effects of Particle Size and Heating Rate on Oil Evolution and Intraparticle Oil Degradation; Campbell et al. In Situ 2(1). 1978, pp. 1-47.;  Oil Shale Retorting: Part 3 A Correlation of Shale Oil 1-Alkene/n-Alkane Ratios With Yield, Coburn et al., Aug. 1, 1977 (18 pages).;  Oil Shale, Yen et al., Developments in Petroleum Science 5, 1976, pp. 187-189, 197-198.;  On the Mechanism of Kerogen Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & James A. Happe, Jan. 10, 1984 (17 pages).;  On-line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia From Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization, Crawford et al., Mar. 1988 (16 pages).;  Operating Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts In An In-Situ Mode, W. A. Sandholtz et al., Aug. 18, 1977 (16 pages).;  Progress Report on Computer Model for In Situ Oil Shale Retorting, R.L. Braun & R.C.Y. Chin, Jul. 14, 1977 (34 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics and Maturation of Coals from the San Juan Basin, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 1992, (30 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics for Green River Oil Shale From the Saline Zone, Burnham et al., Feb., 1982 (33 pages).US6951247-B2  Laboratory Measurements of Groundwater Leaching and Transport of Pollutants Produced During Underground Coal Gasification, V.A. Dalton & J.H. Campbell, Mar. 1, 1978 (21 pages).;  Laboratory Scale Simulation of Underground Coal Gasification: Experiment and Theory, J.R. Creighton & (27 pages).;  Mathematical Modeling of Modified In Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting, Robert L. Braun, Jan. 1981 (45 pages).;  Molecular Mechanism of Oil Shale Pyrolysis in Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atmospheres, Hershkowitz et al.; Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, May 1983 pp. 301-316.;  Monitoring Oil Shale Retorts by Off-Gas Alkene/Alkane Ratios, John H. Raley, Fuel, vol. 59, Jun. 1980, pp. 419-424.;  New System Stops Paraffin Build-up; Petroleum Engineer, Eastlund et al., Jan. 1989, (3 pages).;  New in situ shale-oil recovery process uses hot natural gas; The Oil & Gas Journal; May 16, 1966, p. 151.;  Numerical Model of Coal Gasification in a Packed Bed, A.M. Winslow, Apr. 1976 (27 pages).;  Oil Degradation During Oil Shale Retorting, J.H. Raley & R.L. Braun, May 24, 1976 (14 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting Processes: A Technical Overview, Lewis et al., Mar. 1984 (18 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting: Effects of Particle Size and Heating Rate on Oil Evolution and Intraparticle Oil Degradation; Campbell et al. In Situ 2(1), 1978, pp. 1-47.;  Oil Shale Retorting: Part 3 A Correlation of Shale Oil I-Alkene/n-Alkane Ratios With Yield, Coburn et al., Aug. 1, 1977 (18 pages).;  Oil Shale, Yen et al., Developments in Petroleum Science 5, 1976, pp. 187-189, 197-198.;  On the Mechanism of Kerogen Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & James A. Happe, Jan. 10, 1984 (17 pages).;  On-line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia From Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization, Crawford et al., Mar. 1988 (16 pages).;  Operating Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts In An In-Situ Mode, W. A. Sandholtz et al., Aug. 18, 1977 (16 pages).;  Progress Report on Computer Model for In Situ Oil Shale Retorting, R.L. Braun & R.C.Y. Chin, Jul. 14, 1977 (34 pages).;  General Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Nov. 1983 (22 pages).;  Geochemistry and Pyrolysis of Oil Shales, Tissot et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 1-11.;  Geotechnical Instrumentation Applied to In Situ Coal Gasification Induced Subsidence, Ganow et al. Jun. 21, 1978 (16 pages).;  Ground-Water and Subsidence Investigations of the LLL In Situ Coal Gasification Experiments, Mead et al, Jul. 17-20, 1978 (31 pages).;  High-BTU Gas Via In Situ Coal Gasification, Stephens et al., Oct., 1978 (41 pages).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Colorado Oil Shale, Alan K. Burnham & Mary F. Singleton, Oct. 1982 (23 pages).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Green River Oil Shale, Burnham et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 335-351.;  Investigation of the Temperature Variation of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Coal, Badzioch et al., Fuel, vol. 43, No. 4, Jul. 1964, pp. 267-280.;  Kinetic Analysis of California Oil Shale By Programmed Temperature Microphyrolysis, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 9, 1991 (14 pages).;  Kinetic Studies of Gas Evolution During Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal, J. H. Campbell et al., May 11, 1976, (14 pages).;  Kinetics of Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Oil Shale by the IITRI RF Process, Sresty et al.; 15&lt;SUP&gt;th &lt;/SUP&gt;Oil Shale Symposium, Colorado School of Mines, Apr. 1982 pp. 1-13.;  LLL In-Situ Coal Gasificatin Program, Stephens et al., Jun., 14, 1976 (12 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics and Maturation of Coals from the San Juan Basin, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 1992, (30 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics for Green River Oil Shale From the Saline Zone, Burnham et al., Feb., 1982 (33 pages).;  Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal as it Relates to In-Situ Coal Gasification, J.H. Campbell, Jan. 17, 1977 (20 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Mar. 22, 1978 (9 pages front & back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;and Oil Shale Residual Carbon. I. Effect of Heating Rate on Reactivity, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 11, 1978 (11 pages front and back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between Steam and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Oct. 1978 (8 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics and Diagnostics For Oil Shale Retorting, Alan K. Burnham, Oct. 19, 1981 (32 pages).;  Recent Experimental Developments in Retorting Oil Shale at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Albert J. Rothman, Aug. 1978 (32 pages).;  Refining Of Swedish Shale Oil, L. Lundquist, pp. 621-627.;  Results From the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 pages).;  Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retoring Oil Shale Underground-Problems & Possibilities; B.F. Grant, Qtly of Colorado School of Mines, pp 39-46.;  Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages).;  Retorting and Combustion Processes In Surface Oil-Shale Reports, A.E. Lewis & R.L. Braun, May 2, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages).;  Review of Underground Coal Gasification Field Experiments at Hoe Creek (34 pages).;  Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al., Nov. 1983, (27 pages).;  Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, J.H. Bae, Sep., 1969; pp. 287-292.;  Some Relationships of Thermal Effects to Rubble-Bed Structure and Gas-Flow Patterns in Oil Shale Retorts, W. A. Sandholtz, Mar. 1980 (19 pages).;  Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasificatin Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages).;  Study of Gas Evolution During Oil Shale Pyrolysis by TQMS, Oh et al., Feb. 1988 (10 pages).;  Technical Underground Coal Gasification Summation: 1982 Status, Stephens et al., Jul. 1982 (22 pages).;  Tests of a Mechanism for H&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;S Release During Coal Pyrolysis, Coburn et al., May 31, 1991, (6 pages).;  The Benefits of In Situ Upgrading Reactions to the Integrated Operations of the Orinoco Heavy-Oil Fields and Downstream Facilities, Myron Kuhlman, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Jun. 2000; pp. 1-14.;  The Characteristics of a Low Temperature in Situ Shale Oil; George Richard Hill & Paul Dougan, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, 1967; pp. 75-90.;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oil, Glen L. Cook, et al., 1968 (12 pages).;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oils, Glenn L. Cook, et al., United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, 1968, pp. 1-23.;  The Controlled Retracting Injection Point (Crip) System: A Modified Stream Method for In Site Coal Gasification, R.W. Hill & M.J. Shannon, Apr. 15, 1981 (11 pages).;  The Historical Development of Underground Coal Gasification, D. Olness & D.W. Gregg, Jun. 30, 1977 (60 pages).;  The Hoe Creek Experiements: LLNL's Underground Coal Gasification Project in Wyoming, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 1981 (162 pages).;  The Hoe Creek II Field Experiment of Underground Coal Gasification, Preliminary Results, Aiman et al., Feb. 27, 1978 (26 pages).;  The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts, Sandholtz et al. Sep. 18, 1978 (30 pages).;  The Ljungstroem In-Situ Method of Shale Oil Recovery, G. Salmonsson, Oil Shale and Cannel Coal, vol. 2, Proceedings of the Second Oil Shale and Cannel Coal Conference, Institute of Petroleum, 1951, London, pp. 260-280.;  The Permittivity and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Shale, A.J. Piwinskii & A. Duba, APr. 28, 1975 (12 pages).;  The Potential For In Situ Retorting of Oil Shale In the Piceance Creek Basin of Northwestern Colorado; Dougan et al., Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 57-72.;  The Shale Oil Question, Old and New Viewpoints, A Lecture in the Engineering Science Academy, Dr. Fredrik Ljungstrom, Feb. 23, 1950, published in Teknisk Trdskrift, Jan. 1951 p. 33-40.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of a Hanna Basin Coal, R.E. Glass, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 106, Jun. 1984, pp. 266-271.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of the Coal in the Big Coal Seam, R.E. Glass, In Situ, 8(2), 1984, pp. 193-205.;  The Use of Tracers in Laboratory and Field Tests of Underground Coal Gasification and Oil Shale Retorting, Lyczkowski et al., Jun. 16, 1978 (19 pages).;  Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150 to 350 C. Rate of Production Formation, J.J. Cummins & W.E. Robinson, 1972 (18 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Steam, Stephens et al., Jan. 19, 1984 (37 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification-A Leading Contender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages).;  Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages).;  Underground Shale Oil Pyrolysis According to the Ljungstroem Method; Svenska Skifferolje Aktiebolaget (Swedish Shale Oil Corp.), IVA, vol. 24, 1953, No. 3, pp. 118-123.;  A One-Dimensional Model for In Situ Coal Gasification, Thorsness et al., Aug. 25, 1978 (76 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism Of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil Shale Retorting, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Ward, Nov. 26, 1980 (20 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane Production, Burnham et al., Oil Shale, Tar Sands, and Related Materials, American Chemical Society, 1981, pp. 79-92.;  Analysis of Multiple Gas-Solid Reactions During the Gasification of Char in Oil Shale Blocks, Braun et al., Apr. 1981 (14 pages).;  Analysis of Oil Shale and Petroleum Source Rock Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Comparisons of Gas Evolution at the Heating Rate of 10 C./Min., Reynolds et al. Oct. 5, 1990 (57 pages).;  Application of a Microretort to Problems in Shale Pyrolysis, A. W. Weitkamp & L.C. Gutberlet, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop. vol. 9, No. 3, 1970, pp. 386-395.;  Bureau of Mines Oil-Shale Research, H.M. Thorne, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 77-90.;  Burn Cavity Growth During the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, R.W. Hill, Jun. 8, 1981 (28 pages).;  Catalytic Activity of Oxidized (Combusted) Oil Shale for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia as a Reductant in Combustion Gas Streams, Part II, Reynolds et al., Jan. 4, 1993 (9 pages).;  Chemical Kinetics and Oil Shale Process Design, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 1993 (16 pages).;  Coal Block Gasification Experiments: Laboratory Results and Field Plans: C.B. Thorsness & R.W. Hill, Jul. 1981 (23 pages).;  Coal Pyrolysis and Methane Decomposition In the Presence of a Hot Char Bed, Peters et al., Aug. 1983, (21 pages).;  Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Mar. 23, 1987, (29 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, B.C. Trent & R.T. Langland, Aug. 1981 (40 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, R.T. Langland & B.C. Trent, Jul. 1981 (16 pages).;  Control Aspects of Underground Coal Gasification: LLL Investigations of Ground-Water and Subsidence Effects, Mead et al., Nov. 10, 1978 (21 pages).;  Developments in Technology for Green River Oil Shale, G.U. Dinneen, United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Laramie Petroleum Research Center, Bureaue of Mines, 1968, pp. 1-20.;  Direct Production Of A Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil; Hill et al., I & EC Product Research and Development, 6(1), Mar. 1967; pp. 52-59.;  Enthalpy Relations of Eastern Oil Shale, David W. 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No. 60/273,354, Filed Mar. 5, 2001.;  Yen et al., "Oil Shale" Developments in Petroleum Science, 5, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1976 (pp. 187-198).US7225866-B2  Study of Gas Evolution During Oil Shale Pyrolysis by TQMS, Oh et al., Feb. 1988 (10 pages).;  Technical Underground Coal Gasification Summation: 1982 Status, Stephens et al., Jul. 1982 (22 pages).;  Tests of a Mechanism for H&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;S Release During Coal Pyrolysis, Coburn et al., May 31, 1991, (6 pages).;  The Benefits of In Situ Upgrading Reactions to the Integrated Operations of the Orinoco Heavy-Oil Fields and Downstream Facilities, Myron Kuhlman, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Jun. 2000; pp. 1-14.;  The Characteristics of a Low Temperature in Situ Shale Oil; George Richard Hill & Paul Dougan, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, 1967; pp. 75-90.;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oil, Glen L. Cook, et al., 1968 (12 pages).;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oils, Glenn L. Cook, et al., United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, 1968, pp. 1-23.;  The Controlled Retracting Injection Point (Crip) System: A Mofified Stream Method for the In Site Coal Gasification, R.W. Hill & M.J. Shannon, Apr. 15, 1981 (11 pages).;  The Historical Development of Underground Coal Gasification, D. Olness & D.W. Gregg, Jun. 30, 1977 (60 pages).;  The Hoe Creek Experiements: LLNL's Underground Coal Gasification Project in Wyoming, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 1981 (162 pages).;  The Hoe Creek II Field Experiment of Underground Coal Gasification, Preliminary Results, Aiman et al., Feb. 27, 1978 (26 pages).;  The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts, Sandholtz et al. Sep. 18, 1978 (30 pages).;  The Ljungstroem In-Situ Method of Shale Oil Recovery, G. Salomonsson, Oil Shale and Cannel Coal, vol. 2, Proceedings of the Second Oil Shale and Cannel Coal Conference, Institute of Petroleum, 1951, London, pp. 260-280.;  The Permittivity and Electrical Conductivity of Oil Shale, A.J. Piwinskii & A. Duba, Apr. 28, 1975 (12 pages).;  The Potential For In Situ Retorting of Oil Shale In the Piceance Creek Basin of Northwestern Colorado; Dougan et al., Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 57-72.;  The Shale Oil Question, Old and New Viewpoints, A Lecture in the Engineering Science Academy, Dr. Fredrik Ljungstrom, Feb. 23, 1950, published in Teknisk Trdskrift, Jan. 1951 p. 33-40.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of a Hanna Basin Coal, R.E. Glass, Transactions on the ASME, vol. 106, Jun. 1984, pp. 266-271.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of the Coal in the Big Coal Seam, R.E. Glass, In Situ, 8(2), 1984, pp. 193-205.;  The Use of Tracers in Laboratory and Fields Tests of Underground Coal Gasification and Oil Shale Retorting, Lyczkowski et al., Jun. 16, 1978 (19 pages).;  Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150 to 350 C Rate od Production Formation, J.J. Cummins & W.E. Robinson, 1972 (18 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Steam, Stephens et al., Jan. 19, 1984 (37 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification-A Leading Contender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages).;  Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages).;  Underground Shale Oil Pyrolysis According to the Ljungstroem Method; Svenska Skifferolje Aktiebolaget (Swedish Shale Oil Corp.), IVA, vol. 24, 1953, No. 3, pp. 118-123.;  Porter, Hollis P., Petroleum Dictionary for Oil, Field, and Factory, 1948, The Gulf Publishing Company, Fourth Edition, p. 319.;  Kinetic Analysis of California Oil Shale By Programmed Temperature Microphyrolysis, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 9, 1991 (14 pages).;  Kinetic Studies of Gas Evolution During Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal, J. H. Campbell et al., May 11, 1976, (14 pages).;  Kinetics of Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Oil Shale by the IITRI RF Process, Sresty et al.; 15&lt;SUP&gt;th &lt;/SUP&gt;Oil Shale Symposium, Colorado School of Mines, Apr. 1982 pp. 1-13.;  LLL In-Situ Coal Gasification Program, Stephens et al., Jun. 14, 1976 (12 pages).;  Laboratory Measurements of Groundwater Leaching and Transport of Pollutants Produced During Underground Coal Gasification, V.A. Dalton & J.H. Campbell, Mar. 1, 1978 (21 pages).;  Laboratory Scale Simulation of Underground Coal Gasification: Experiment and Theory, J.R. Creighton & (27 pages).;  Mathematical Modeling of Modified In Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting, Robert L. Braun, Jan. 1981 (45 pages).;  Molecular Mechanism of Oil Shale Pyrolysis in Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atmospheres, Hershkowitz et al.; Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, May 1983 pp. 301-316.;  Monitoring Oil Shale Retorts by Off-Gas Alkene/Alkane Ratios, John H. Raley, Fuel, vol. 59, Jun. 1980, pp. 419-424.;  New System Stops Paraffin Build-up; Petroleum Engineer, Eastlund et al., Jan. 1989, (3 pages).;  New in situ shale-oil recovery process uses hot natural gas; The Oil & Gas Journal; May 16, 1966, p. 151.;  Numerical Model of Coal Gasification in a Packed Bed, A.M. Winslow, Apr. 1976 (27 pages).;  Oil Degradation During Oil Shale Retorting, J.H. Raley & R.L. Braun, May 24, 1976 (14 pages).;  Oil Shade Retorting Processes: A Technical Overview, Lewis et al., Mar. 1984 (18 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting: Effects of Particle Size and Heating Rate on Oil Evolution and Intraparticle Oil Degradation; Campbell et al. In Situ 2(1), 1978, pp. 1-47.;  Oil Shale Retorting: Part 3 A Correlation of Shale Oil 1-Alkene/n-Alkane Ratios With Yield, Coburn et al., Aug. 1, 1977 (18 pages).;  Oil Shale, Yen et al., Developments in Petroleum Science 5, 1976, pp. 187-189, 197-198.;  On the Mechanism of Kerogen Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & James A. Happe, Jan. 10, 1984 (17 pages).;  On-line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia From Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization, Crawford et al., Mar. 1988 (16 pages).;  PCT, "Search Report" for International Application No. PCT/US02/13121 mailed Dec. 2004; 7 pages.;  Progress Report on Computer Model for In Situ Oil Shale Retorting, R.L. Braun & R.C.Y. Chin. Jul. 14, 1977 (34 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics and Maturation of Coals from the San Juan Basin, John G. Reynolds & Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 1992, (30 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics for Green River Oil Shale From The Saline Zone, Burnham et al., Feb. 1982 (33 pages).;  Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal as it Relates to In-Situ Coal Gasification, J.H. Campbell, Jan. 17, 1977 (20 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Mar. 22, 1978 (9 pages front & back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO&lt;SUB&gt;2 &lt;/SUB&gt;and Oil Shale Residual Carbon. I. Effect of Heating Rate on Reactivity, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 11, 1978 (11 pages front and back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between Steam and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Oct. 1978 (8 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics and Diagnostics For Oil Shale Retorting, Alan. K. Burnham, Oct. 19, 1981 (32 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism Of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil Shale Retorting, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Ward, Nov. 26, 1980 (20 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane Production, Burnham et al., Oil Shale, Tar Sands, and Related Materials, American Chemical Society, 1981, 79-92.;  Analysis of Multiple Gas-Solid Reactions During the Gasification of Char in Oil Shale Blocks, Braun et al., Apr. 1981 (14 pages).;  Analysis of Oil Shale and Petroleum Source Rock Pyrolysis by Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Comparisons of Gas Evolution at the Heating Rate of 10 C/Min., Reynolds et al. Oct. 5, 1990 (57 pages).;  Application of a Microretort to Problems in Shale Pyrolysis, A. W. Weitkamp & L.C. Gutberlet, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop. vol. 9, No. 3, 1970, pp. 386-395.;  Articles PCT, "Written Opinion" for International Application No. PCT/US02/13121 mailed Feb. 24, 2005; 6 pages.;  Bureau of Mines Oil-Shale Research, H.M. Thorne, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 77-90.;  Burn Cavity Growth During the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, R.W. Hill, Jun. 8, 1981 (28 pages).;  Catalytic Activity of Oxidized (Combusted) Oil Shale for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia as a Reductant in Combustion Gas Streams, Part II, Reynolds et al., Jan. 4, 1993 (9 pages).;  Chemical Kinetics and Oil Shale Process Design, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 1993 (16 pages).;  Coal Block Gasification Experiments: Laboratory Results and Field Plans: C.B. Thorsness & R.W. Hill, Jul. 1981 (23 pages).;  Coal Pyrolysis and Methane Decomposition In the Presence of a Hot Char Bed, Peters et al., Aug. 1983, (21 pages).;  Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Mar. 23, 1987, (29 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, B.C. Trent & R.T. Langland, Aug. 1981 (40 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, R.T. Langland & B.C. Trent, Jul. 1981 (16 pages).;  Control Aspects of Underground Coal Gasification: LLL Investigations of Ground-Water and Subsidence Effects, Mead et al., Nov. 10, 1978 (21 pages).;  Developments in Technology for Green River Oil Shale, G.U. Dinneen, United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Laramie Petroleum Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 1968, pp. 1-20.;  Direct Production Of A Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil; Hill et al., I & EC Product Research and Development, 6(1), Mar. 1967; pp. 52-59.;  Enthalpy Relations For Eastern Oil Shale, David W. Camp, Nov. 1987 (13 pages).;  Environmental Controls for Underground Coal Gasification: Ground-Water Effects and Control Technologies, Warren Mead & Ellen Raber, Mar. 14, 1980 (19 pages).;  Evaluation of Downhole Electric Impedance Heating Systems for Paraffin Control in Oil Well; Industry Applications Society 37&lt;SUP&gt;th &lt;/SUP&gt;Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Bosch et al., Sep. 1990, pp. 223-227.;  Evolution of Sulfur Gases During Coal Pyrolysis, Oh et al., Feb. 3, 1988, (11 pages).;  Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Robert J. Cena, Aug. 14, 1987, (11 pages).;  Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis of Oil Shale, J.H. Richardson & E.B. Huss, Oct. 1981 (27 pages).;  Further Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Sep. 1987, (16 pages).;  General Kinetic Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Dec. 1984 (25 pages).;  General Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham & Robert L. Braun, Nov. 1983 (22 pages).;  Geochemistry and Pyrolysis of Oil Shales, Tissot et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 1-11.;  Geotechnical Instrumentation Applied to In Situ Coal Gasification Induced Subsidence, Ganow et al. Jun. 21, 1978 (16 pages).;  Ground-Water and Subsidence Investigations of the LLL In Situ Coal Gasification Experiments, Mead et al, Jul. 17-20, 1978 (31 pages).;  High-BTU Gas Via In Situ Coal Gasification, Stephens et al., Oct. 1978 (41 pages).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Colorado Oil Shale, Alan K. Burnham & Mary F. Singleton, Oct. 1982 (23 pages).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Green River Oil Shale, Burnham et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 335-351.;  Investigation of the Temperature Variation of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Coal, Badzioch et al., Fuel, vol. 43, No. 4, Jul. 1964, pp. 267-280.;  A One-Dimensional Model for In Situ Coal Gasification, Thorsness et al., Aug. 25, 1978 (76 pages).;  Recent Experimental Developments in Retorting Oil Shale at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Albert J. Rothman, Aug. 1978 (32 pages).;  Refining Of Swedish Shale Oil, L. Lundquist, pp. 621-627.;  Results From the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 pages).;  Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retoring Oil Shale Underground-Problems & Possibilities; B.F. Grant, Qtly of Colorado School of Mines, pp. 39-46.;  Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages).;  Retorting and Combustion Processes In Surface Oil-Shale Retorts, A.E. Lewis & R.L. Braun, May 2, 1980 (12 pages).;  Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages).;  Review of Underground Coal Gasification Field Experiments at Hoe Creek (34 pages).;  Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al., Nov. 1983, (27 pages).;  Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, J.H. Bae, Sep. 1969; pp. 287-292.;  Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages).US7735935-B2  Co-pending U.S. Appl. No. 11/584,805 entitled "Varying Heating in Dawsonite Zones in Hydrocarbon Containing Formations" filed Oct. 20, 2006.;  PCT, "Search Report" for International Application No. PCT/US02/13121 mailed Dec. 2004; 7 pages.;  Articles PCT, "Written Opinion" for International Application No. PCT/US02/13121 mailed Feb. 24, 2005; 6 pages.;  Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting, Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, J.H. Bae, Sep. 1969; pp. 287-292.;  New in situ shale-oil recovery process uses hot natural gas; The Oil&Gas Journal; May 16, 1966, p. 151.;  Evaluation of Downhole Electric Impedance Heating Systems for Paraffin Control in Oil Wells; Industry Applications Society 37th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Bosch et al., Sep. 1990, pp. 223-227.;  New System Stops Paraffin Build-up; Petroleum Engineer, Eastlund et al., Jan. 1989, (3 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting: Effects of Particle Size and Heating Rate on Oil Evolution and Intraparticle Oil Degradation; Campbell et al. In Situ 2(1), 1978, pp. 1-47.;  Molecular Mechanism of Oil Shale Pyrolysis in Nitrogen and Hydrogen Atmospheres, Hershkowitz et al.; Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, May 1983 pp. 301-316.;  The Characteristics of a Low Temperature in Situ Shale Oil; George Richard Hill&Paul Dougan, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, 1967; pp. 75-90.;  Direct Production of a Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil; Hill et al., I&EC Product Research and Development, 6(1), Mar. 1967; pp. 52-59.;  The Benefits of In Situ Upgrading Reactions to the Integrated Operations of the Orinoco Heavy-Oil Fields and Downstream Facilities, Myron Kuhlman, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Jun. 2000; pp. 1-14.;  Monitoring Oil Shale Retorts by Off-Gas Alkene/Alkane Ratios, John H. Raley, Fuel, vol. 59, Jun. 1980, pp. 419-424.;  The Shale Oil Question, Old and New Viewpoints, A Lecture in the Engineering Science Academy, Dr. Fredrik Ljungstrom, Feb. 23, 1950, published in Teknisk Trdskrift, Jan. 1951 p. 33-40.;  Underground Shale Oil Pyrolysis According to the Ljungstroem Method; Svenska Skifferolje Aktiebolaget (Swedish Shale Oil Corp.), IVA, vol. 24, 1953, No. 3, pp. 118-123.;  Kinetics of Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Oil Shale by the IITRI RF Process, Sresty et al.; 15th Oil Shale Symposium, Colorado School of Mines, Apr. 1982 pp. 1-13.;  Bureau of Mines Oil-Shale Research, H.M. Thorne, Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines, pp. 77-90.;  Application of a Microretort to Problems in Shale Pyrolysis, A. W. Weitkamp&L.C. Gutberlet, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Develop. vol. 9, No. 3, 1970, pp. 386-395.;  Oil Shale, Yen et al., Developments in Petroleum Science 5, 1976, pp. 187-189, 197-198.;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oils, Glenn L. Cook, et al., United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, 1968, pp. 1-23.;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Green River Oil Shale, Burnham et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 335-351.;  Geochemistry and Pyrolysis of Oil Shales, Tissot et al., Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales, American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 1-11.;  A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane Production, Burnham et al., Oil Shale, Tar Sands, and Related Materials, American Chemical Society, 1981, pp. 79-92.;  The Ljungstroem In-Situ Method of Shale Oil Recovery, G. Salomonsson, Oil Shale and Cannel Coal, vol. 2, Proceedings of the Second Oil Shale and Cannel Coal Conference, Institute of Petroleum, 1951, London, pp. 260-280.;  Developments in Technology for Green River Oil Shale, G.U. Dinneen, United Nations Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Oil Shale Resources, Laramie Petroleum Research Center, Bureau of Mines, 1968, pp. 1-20.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of a Hanna Basin Coal, R.E. Glass, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 106, Jun. 1984, pp. 266-271.;  The Thermal and Structural Properties of the Coal in the Big Coal Seam, R.E. Glass, In Situ, 8(2), 1984, pp. 193-205.;  Investigation of the Temperature Variation of the Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Coal, Badzioch et al., Fuel, vol. 43, No. 4, Jul. 1964, pp. 267-280.;  On the Mechanism of Kerogen Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham&James A. Happe, Jan. 10, 1984 (17 pages).;  Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Mar. 23, 1987, (29 pages).;  Further Comparison of Methods for Measuring Kerogen Pyrolysis Rates and Fitting Kinetic Parameters, Burnham et al., Sep. 1987, (16 pages).;  Tests of a Mechanism for H2 S Release During Coal Pyrolysis, Coburn et al., May 31, 1991, (6 pages).;  Kinetic Studies of Gas Evolution During Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal, J. H. Campbell et al., May 11, 1976, (14 pages).;  Excavation of the Partial Seam Crip Underground Coal Gasification Test Site, Robert J. Cena, Aug. 14, 1987, (11 pages).;  Evolution of Sulfur Gases During Coal Pyrolysis, Oh et al., Feb. 3, 1988, (11 pages).;  Coal Pyrolysis and Methane Decomposition in the Presence of a Hot Char Bed, Peters et al., Aug. 1983, (21 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics and Maturation of Coals from the San Juan Basin, John G. Reynolds&Alan K. Burnham, Dec. 1992, (30 pages).;  Numerical Model of Coal Gasification in a Packed Bed, A.M. Winslow, Apr. 1976 (27 pages).;  LLL In-Situ Coal Gasification Program, Stephens et al., Jun. 14, 1976 (12 pages).;  Pyrolysis of Subbituminous Coal as it Relates to In-Situ Coal Gasification, J.H. Campbell, Jan. 17, 1977 (20 pages).;  The Historical Development of Underground Coal Gasification, D. Olness&D.W. Gregg, Jun. 30, 1977 (60 pages).;  Laboratory Measurements of Groundwater Leaching and Transport of Pollutants Produced During Underground Coal Gasification, V.A. Dalton&J.H. Campbell, Mar. 1, 1978 (21 pages).;  The Hoe Creek II Field Experiment of Underground Coal Gasification, Preliminary Results, Aiman et al., Feb. 27, 1978 (26 pages).;  Ground-Water and Subsidence Investigations of the LLL In Situ Coal Gasification Experiments, Mead et al, Jul. 17-20, 1978 (31 pages).;  Geotechnical Instrumentation Applied to In Situ Coal Gasification Induced Subsidence, Ganow et al. Jun. 21, 1978 (16 pages).;  The Use of Tracers in Laboratory and Field Tests of Underground Coal Gasification and Oil Shale Retorting, Lyczkowski et al., Jun. 16, 1978 (19 pages).;  Underground Gasification of Rocky Mountain Coal, D.R. Stephens and R.W. Hill, Jul. 18, 1978 (15 pages).;  High-BTU Gas Via In Situ Coal Gasification, Stephens et al., Oct. 1978 (41 pages).;  A One-Dimensional Model for In Situ Coal Gasification, Thorsness et al., Aug. 25, 1978 (76 pages).;  Control Aspects of Underground Coal Gasification: LLL Investigations of Ground-Water and Subsidence Effects, Mead et al., Nov. 10, 1978 (21 pages).;  Environmental Controls for Underground Coal Gasification: Ground-Water Effects and Control Technologies, Warren Mead&Ellen Raber, Mar. 14, 1980 (19 pages).;  Results from the Third LLL Underground Coal Gasification Experiment at Hoe Creek, Hill et al., May 20, 1980 (12 pages).;  Results From the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, Thorsness et al., May 1980, (11 pages).;  Steam Tracer Experiment at the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Field Test, C.B. Thorsness, Nov. 26, 1980 (51 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, R.T. Langland&B.C. Trent, Jul. 1981 (16 pages).;  Burn Cavity Growth During the Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment, R.W. Hill, Jun. 8, 1981 (28 pages).;  The Controlled Retracting Injection Point (Crip) System: A Modified Stream Method for In Site Coal Gasification, R.W. Hill&M.J. Shannon, Apr. 15, 1981 (11 pages).;  Coal Block Gasification Experiments: Laboratory Results and Field Plans: C.B. Thorsness&R.W. Hill, Jul. 1981 (23 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification_A Leading Contender in the Synfuels Industry, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 27, 1981 (42 pages).;  Computer Models to Support Investigations of Surface Subsidence and Associated Ground Motion Induced by Underground Coal Gasification, B.C. Trent&R.T. Langland, Aug. 1981 (40 pages).;  The Hoe Creek Experiements: LLNL's Underground Coal Gasification Project in Wyoming, D.R. Stephens, Oct. 1981 (162 pages).;  Technical Underground Coal Gasification Summation: 1982 Status, Stephens et al., Jul. 1982 (22 pages).;  Underground Coal Gasification Using Oxygen and Steam, Stephens et al., Jan. 19, 1984 (37 pages).;  Shale Oil Cracking Kinetics and Diagnostics, Bissell et al., Nov. 1983, (27 pages).;  Mathematical Modeling of Modified in Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting, Robert L. Braun, Jan. 1981 (45 pages).;  Progress Report on Computer Model for In Situ Oil Shale Retorting, R.L. Braun&R.C.Y. Chin, Jul. 14, 1977 (34 pages).;  Analysis of Multiple Gas-Solid Reactions During the Gasification of Char in Oil Shale Blocks, Braun et al., Apr. 1981 (14 pages).;  Chemical Kinetics and Oil Shale Process Design, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 1993 (16 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics and Diagnostics for Oil Shale Retorting, Alan K. Burnham, Oct. 19, 1981 (32 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics Between Steam and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Oct. 1978 (8 pages).;  General Kinetic Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham&Robert L. Braun, Dec. 1984 (25 pages).;  General Model of Oil Shale Pyrolysis, Alan K. Burnham&Robert L. Braun, Nov. 1983 (22 pages).;  Pyrolysis Kinetics for Green River Oil Shale From the Saline Zone, Burnham et al., Feb., 1982 (33 pages).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO2 and Oil Shale Char, A.K. Burnham, Mar. 22, 1978 (9 pages front&back).;  Reaction Kinetics Between CO2 and Oil Shale Residual Carbon. I. Effect of Heating Rate on Reactivity, Alan K. Burnham, Jul. 11, 1978 (11 pages front and back).;  High-Pressure Pyrolysis of Colorado Oil Shale, Alan K. Burnham&Mary F. Singleton, Oct. 1982 (23 pages).;  A Possible Mechanism of Alkene/Alkane Production in Oil Shale Retorting, A.K. Burnham, R.L. Ward, Nov. 26, 1980 (20 pages).;  Enthalpy Relations for Eastern Oil Shale, David W. Camp, Nov. 1987 (13 pages).;  Oil Shale Retorting: Part 3 A Correlation of Shale Oil 1-Alkene/n-Alkane Ratios With Yield, Coburn et al., Aug. 1, 1977 (18 pages).;  The Composition of Green River Shale Oil, Glen L. Cook, et al., 1968 (12 pages).;  On-line, Mass Spectrometric Determination of Ammonia From Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Isobutane Chemical Ionization, Crawford et al., Mar. 1988 (16 pages).;  Thermal Degradation of Green River Kerogen at 150?o to 350?o C. Rate of Production Formation, J.J. Cummins&W.E. Robinson, 1972 (18 pages).;  Retorting of Green River Oil Shale Under High-Pressure Hydrogen Atmospheres, LaRue et al., Jun. 1977 (38 pages).;  Retorting and Combustion Processes in Surface Oil-Shale Retorts, A.E. Lewis&R.L. 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Oct. 5, 1990 (57 pages).;  Catalytic Activity of Oxidized (Combusted) Oil Shale for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia as a Reductant in Combustion Gas Streams, Part II, Reynolds et al., Jan. 4, 1993 (9 pages).;  Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis of Oil Shale, J.H. Richardson&E.B. Huss, Oct. 1981 (27 pages).;  Retorting Kinetics for Oil Shale From Fluidized-Bed Pyrolysis, Richardson et al., Dec. 1981 (30 pages).;  Recent Experimental Developments in Retorting Oil Shale at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Albert J. Rothman, Aug. 1978 (32 pages).;  The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts, Sandholtz et al. Sep. 18, 1978 (30 pages).;  Operating Laboratory Oil Shale Retorts in an In-Situ Mode, W. A. Sandholtz et al., Aug. 18, 1977 (16 pages).;  Some Relationships of Thermal Effects to Rubble-Bed Structure and Gas-Flow Patterns in Oil Shale Retorts, W. A. 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Swedish.;  SSAB report, "From as Utre Dn Text Geology Reserves," 1960 (93 pages). Swedish.;  SSAB report, "Kvarntorps-Environmental Area Asessment," 1981 (50 pages). Swedish.;  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, "Office Communication," for U.S. Appl. No. 11/409,556, mailed Sep. 23, 2008; available in PAIR.;  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, "Office Communication," for U.S. Appl. No. 11/584,427, mailed Jul. 24, 2008; available in PAIR.;  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, "Office Communication," for U.S. Appl. No. 11/584,799, mailed Sep. 30, 2008; available in PAIR.;  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, "Office Communication," for U.S. Appl. No. 11/584,805, mailed Oct. 1, 2008; available in PAIR.WO200286018-A3  DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 198202 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class L03, AN 1982-03123E XP002181959 & JP 56 152118 A (SUMITOMO ELECTRIC IND CO), 25. November 1981 (1981-11-25);  DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 198202 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class L03, AN 1982-03122E XP002181960 & JP 56 152117 A (SUMITOMO ELECTRIC IND CO), 25. November 1981 (1981-11-25);  PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 08, 30. August 1996 (1996-08-30) & JP 08 096865 A (JAPAN AVIATION ELECTRON IND LTD;SHINSHU CERAMICS:KK), 12. April 1996 (1996-04-12);  PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 380 (E-0965), 16. August 1990 (1990-08-16) & JP 02 137306 A (HITACHI LTD), 25. Mai 1990 (1990-05-25)