TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The formation conditions are controlled by maintaining temperature of the selected section within pyrolysis temperature range. The pressure and temperature are controlled within the selected section of formation, where the pressure is controlled as function of temperature and the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure. The pressure is controlled with a valve coupled to heat source(s) or production well in the formation. The heating is controlled, so that average heating rate of selected section, is less than 1 degreesC/day during pyrolysis. The selected section of formation is heated, such that thermal conductivity of at least a portion of selected section is greater than 0.5 W/(m.degreesC). The selected volume (V) of the coal formation is heated from heat source(s), such that the formation has average heat capacity (Cv), where heating pyrolyzes at least some coal within the selected volume of formation and heating energy per day provided to the volume is Pwr (power) or less. Pwr is calculated from the following equation: Pwr = h x V x Cv x rhoB, where h is average heating rate of formation (less than 10 degreesC per day) and rhoB is formation bulk density. The pressure is controlled within selected section of the formation to 2 bar, such that the production of fluids having carbon numbers more than 25 is inhibited. The produced mixture has a partial pressure of hydrogen of greater than 0.5 bar, measured when the mixture is at a production well. The controlling formation conditions comprises recirculating a portion of hydrogen from the mixture into the formation.Preferred Heater: The heat source(s) comprise at least two heat sources and superposition of heat from at least two sources pyrolyzes at least some coal within the selected section of the formation. The heat sources comprise electrical heaters, surface burners, flameless distributed combustors or natural distributed combustors.Preferred Composition: The produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons having American petroleum institute (API) gravity of 25 degrees, non-condensable hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. 0.1-15 wt.% of each of condensable hydrocarbon and non-condensable hydrocarbon is olefins. The molar ratio of ethene to ethane in the non-condensable hydrocarbon is 0.001-0.15. Less than 1 wt.% of condensable hydrocarbons calculated on atomic basis is nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. 5-30 wt.% of condensable hydrocarbon comprise oxygen-containing compounds, such as phenols. Less than 5 wt.% of condensable hydrocarbons comprise multi-ring aromatics. The non-condensable component comprises 10-80 vol.% of hydrogen. The mixture comprises 0.05 wt.% of ammonia, which is used to produce fertilizer.Preferred Process: The method further involves providing hydrogen to the heater section to hydrogenate hydrocarbons and heating a portion of the section. The produced mixture is separated into gas stream and liquid stream which is converted into aqueous and non-aqueous streams.