TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The provision of heat from the heat source(s) to the portion of formation involves heating a selected volume (V) of the coal formation from the heat source(s), where the formation has an average heat capacity (Cv), and the heating pyrolyzes at least some coal within the selected volume of the formation. Heating energy/day provided to the volume is equal to or less than Pwr, where Pwr is calculated by the equation Pwr = h.V.Cv.rhoB, where Pwr is the heating energy/day, h is an average heating rate of the formation and rhoB is formation bulk density. The heating rate is less than 10degreesC/day. The pressure and temperature within at least a majority of the selected section of the formation is controlled. The pressure is controlled as a function of temperature, or the temperature is controlled as a function of pressure. The pressure within at least a majority of the selected section of the formation is controlled with a valve coupled to a production well located in the formation. The heat is controlled so that an average heating rate of the selected section is less than 1degreesC per day during pyrolysis. Allowing the heat to transfer from the heat source(s) to the selected section involves transferring heat by conduction.Heat provision involves heating the selected section so that the thermal conductivity of at least a portion of the selected section is greater than 0.5 W/(m.degreesC). The controlled pressure is at least 2.0 bar absolute. The formation conditions are controlled so that the produced mixture comprises a partial pressure of hydrogen within the mixture greater than about 0.5 bar.Controlling formation conditions involves recirculating a portion of hydrogen from the mixture into the formation. Pressure is altered within the formation to inhibit production of hydrocarbons from the formation having carbon numbers greater than 25. Hydrogen is provided to the heated section to hydrogenate hydrocarbons within the section, and a portion of the section is heated with the heat from hydrogenation. The heat is controlled to yield greater than 60 wt.% condensable hydrocarbons, as measured by Fischer Assay. The minimum pyrolysis temperature is 270degreesC. The heat source(s) comprise electrical heaters, surface burners, flameless distributed combustors and natural distributed combustors.The produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons having an API gravity of at least 25degrees. The produced mixture comprises condensable hydrocarbons. 0.1-15 wt.% of the condensable hydrocarbons are olefins. The produced mixture comprises non-condensable hydrocarbons. The molar ratio of ethene to ethane in the non-condensable hydrocarbons is 0.001-0.15. 0.1-15 wt.% of the non-condensable hydrocarbons are olefins. Less than 1 wt.%, when calculated on an atomic basis, of the condensable hydrocarbons is nitrogen or oxygen. 5-30 wt.% of the condensable hydrocarbons comprise oxygen-containing compounds which comprise phenols. The produced mixture comprises ammonia which is used to produce fertilizer.