NOVELTY - Preparation of nanostructured materials comprises pyrolyzing a precursor comprising a phase-separated copolymer.    USE - The process is used for preparing nanostructured materials, e.g. carbon nanotubes, nanocylinders, nanofibers, arrays of nanotubes or carbon-based structures such as fibers, films or free standing carbon-based materials with nanopores of regular dimensions. The nanostructured material is for the manufacture of photovoltaic cells, supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, computer memory, carbon electrodes, carbon foams, actuators or materials for hydrogen storage (claimed). The tips of the carbon nanostructures may be functionalized as biological probes (claimed). When phase separated polymer morphology is designed to comprise cylindrical domains, nanotubes, nanowire grids or arrays are formed. The arrays are useful in nano-electronics including production of memory devices and nanowires in computers. The carbon nanostructures function as a electronic tongue (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The carbon-based materials have uniform composition, structural morphology and functionality. The method economically produces uniform carbon nanostructured material. The material has a high surface area layer containing uniform pores with a high effective surface area, thus increasing the number of potential chemical reaction or catalysis sites on the nanostructure, which may also be functionalized to enhance chemical activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A process for the preparation of a reinforced macrofiber comprising:    (a) preparing a reinforced macrofiber precursor by combining a macrofiber precursor and a nanostructure precursor; and    (b) pyrolyzing the reinforced macrofiber precursor.    (2) A method of preparing a nanopattern of a transition metal on a substrate comprising:    (a) forming an array of carbon nanostructures on the substrate;    (b) infusing the array with a transition metal; and    (c) pyrolyzing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an atomic force microscopy image of a cast film of the precursor comprising (AN)379-(BA)527-(AN)379 polymer showing the more well defined regular arrays of the precursor phase after the cast film has been heated to 600 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere.