TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Device: The photovoltaic device comprises a first electrode comprising a metal, the photovoltaic element and second electrode, provided sequentially. The second electrode is a transparent substrate which is a conductive glass or plastic material and covers at least a portion of photovoltaic element.Preferred Element: The photovoltaic element comprises organometallic complex of formula (1) or (2) or binuclear, trinuclear, or polynuclear organometallic complexes of formulae (3-12).(Lalpha)nM (1a)(Lalpha)nM-Lp (Ib)M = rare earth, non-rare earth, transition, lanthanide or actinide metals preferably samarium (III), europium (II), europium (III), terbium (III), dysprosium (III), ytterbium (III), lutetium (III), gadolinium (III), uranium (III), thulium (III), cerium (III), praseodymium (III), neodymium (III), promethium (III), holmium (III) and erbium (III) or lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, germanium, tin, antimony, manganese, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, cadmium, chromium, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum, molybdenum, rhodium, iridium, titanium, niobium, scandium or yttrium, lead;n = valency of M;Lalpha and Lp = organic ligands.(Ln)nM1M2 (2a)(Ln)nM1M2(Lp) (2b)Ln = Lalpha;Lp = neutral ligand;M1 = rare earth, transition metal, lanthanide or actinide;M2 = non-rare earth metal;n = valency of M1 and M2.(Lm)xM1-M2(Ln)y (3)L = bridging ligand;M1 = rare earth metal;M2 = M1 or non-rare earth metal;Lm, Ln = Lalpha;x = valency of M1;y = valency of M2.(Lm)xM1-M3(Ln)y-M2(Lp)z (5)M1, M2, M3 = same or different rare earth metal;Lp = Lalpha;z = valency of M3.M1-M2-M3-M4 (9)M1-M2-M4-M3 (10)M4 = M1; andL = bridging ligand, where rare earth and non-rare earth metal are joined by metal to metal bond and/or via an intermediate bridging atom such that ligand or molecular group of more than 3 metals are joined by metal to metal bond and/or via intermediate ligands.The organic metallic chelate is a metal quinolate preferably lithium quinolate, aluminum quinolate, scandium quinolate, zirconium quinolate, hafnium quinolate or vanadium quinolate, doped with fluorescent, phosphorescent or ion fluorescent compound. The dopant is preferably diphenylquinacridine, diphenylquinacridone, coumarins, perylene or their derivatives. The photovoltaic element preferably has structure of formula (IA).M = M1; andR1-R3 = H, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, heterocyclic and polycyclic ring structures, fluorocarbons and trifluoromethyl, halogens and thiophenyl groups. EXAMPLE - A photovoltaic device was fabricated on a clean and dried ITO (indium tin oxide) coated glass piece by sequentially forming layers by vacuum evaporation to form a structure, ITO/CuPc(20 nm)/TPD(50 nm)/Eu(DBM)3(OPNP)/85 nm Alq3/LiF(0.4 nm)/Al, where CuPc is copper phthalocyanine, TPD is N,N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-1,1' -biphenyl -4,4' -diamine, Alq3 is aluminum quinolate, LiF is lithium fluoride and Al is aluminum. The organic coating on the portion etched with concentrated hydrochloric acid was wiped with a cotton bud. The coated electrodes were stored in a vacuum desiccator over a molecular sieve and phosphorous pentoxide, until they were loaded into a vacuum coater and contacted with aluminum top. The active area of the photovoltaic device was 0.08 cm by 0.1 cm2. The devices were then kept in a vacuum desiccator and photovoltaic studies were performed. The device was connected to an electric circuit and exposed to light of various wavelengths and the voltage and current were measured. The results were shown graphically where the open circuit voltage Voc and short circuit current Jsc were plotted.