TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Cell: The first electrode comprises a significantly light transmitting material, indium tin oxide, a metallic mesh electrode or a metal foil. The mesh electrode has a transmissivity of 60-95% or comprises a metallic material (palladium, platinum, titanium, stainless steel or their alloys). It may comprise metallic wire having a diameter of 5-200 (25-75) microns and a mesh opening of 50-95 (80-90)%. The mesh electrode further comprises indium tin oxide disposed between the metallic wires. It has a resistivity of less than about 3 ohm per square. The mesh electrode functions as a cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Nanomatrix Layer: The photosensitized nanomatrix layer comprises nanoparticles of selenides, sulfides, tellurides, titanium oxides, tungsten oxides, zinc oxides and/or zirconium oxides, preferably dye-sensitized interconnected titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The particles have an average size of 5-300 (10-40) nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Nanomatrix Layer: The layer also comprises a photosensitizing agent, preferably a dye selected from cyanines, merocyanines, phthalocyanines, pyrroles and xanthines. The photosensitizing agent may also comprise a divalent or trivalent metal ion, preferably as a ruthenium, osmium or iron transition metal complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Cell: The charge carrier medium comprises an electrolyte redox system or a conductive polymeric electrolyte and transmits at least 60% of incident visible light. A catalytic medium is disposed between the first electrode and the mesh electrode. This medium comprises platinum and a conductive polymer.The photovoltaic cell further comprises first and second substrates around the electrodes. The substrates have a flexural modulus of 1500-5000 Mpa and are significantly light transmitting. They have a glass transition temperature of less than 350 (10-150)degrees C and at least one of them comprise a polyethylene naphthalate material. The flexible substrate may also comprises a woven material, preferably cotton, flax or nylon.