TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material Characteristics: The mineral, organic and surfactant phases may each comprise conductive and/or hydrophilic functions. The conductive functions consist of cation exchanger or anion exchanger groups. The cation exchangers comprise the groups -SO3M, -PO3M2, -COOM and B(OM)2, where M is H, monovalent metallic cation or +NR14 (each R1 is H, alkyl or aryl). The anion exchangers comprise the groups pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, radicals of formula -+NR23X- (where X is halogen, NO3, SO4H or alkoxy or aroxy) and basic (non)-aromatic radicals selected from imidazole, vinylimidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, carbazole, indole, isoindole, dihydro oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, benzothiazole, isothiazole, benzimidazole, indazole, 4,5-dihydropyrazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, furazan, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,3-benzotriazole. 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, pyrrole, aniline, pyrrolidine and pyrazole.The surfactant is chosen from compounds such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts, acids such as dibenzoyltartaric, bases such as urea and long chain amines, phospholipids, doubly hydrophilic copolymers and amphiphilic hydrophobic/hydrophilic block copolymers.Preparation (claimed): The preparation proceeds by the following stages(a) synthesis of a precursor A comprising an oligomer or organic polymer with precursor functions of the mineral phase, and preparation of a hybrid organic/inorganic solution in a solvent of A;(b) hydrolysis and maturation of the solution obtained in (a);(c) dilution of the hybrid solution from (b) in a solvent of a mineral precursor B to obtain a new hybrid solution;(d) hydrolysis and maturation of the solution from (c);(e) preparation of a surfactant D in a solvent;(f) mixing of the solution from (c) to that obtained in (e) to obtain a solution S;(g) optional hydrolysis and maturation of (f);(h) deposition or impregnation of S on a support;(i) evaporation of solvents in controlled conditions of pressure, temperature and humidity;(j) thermal treatment to consolidate the material;(k) total or partial elimination of the surfactant D; and(l) optional separation or elimination of the support.A chelating agent E may also be added to solution S in stage (f). During stage (c), a compound C is added which comprises conductive and/or hydrophilic functions and/or precursor functions of conductive and/or hydrophilic functions, and functions capable of bonding with the surface of the pores of the mesoporous network. The process comprises a final treatment stage to liberate or generate conductive and/or hydrophilic functions at the surface of the pores.The maturation conditions in stages (b), (d) and (g) are 0-300 degrees Celsius (more preferably 20-200 degrees Celsius), 100-5x10(6) Pa (more preferably 1000-2x10(5) Pa), for a duration of 1 hour to 1 week. The solvents are evaporated at 0-300 degrees Celsius (more preferably 10-150 degrees Celsius) at a relative humidity of 20-95%. The deposition or impregnation stage (h) is effected by spin-coating, dip-coating, meniscus-coating, spray-coating, flow or evaporation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Mineral Phase: The mineral phase comprises a metal or metalloid oxide or mixture, preferably oxides of Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Al, Ta, Sn, or rare earths such as Eu, Ce, La and Gd. The mesoporous network is of a cubic, hexagonal, lamellar, vermicular, vesicular or bicontinuous type. The pore size is 1-100 nm, more preferably 1-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Organic Component: The organic component is a thermostable polymer, such as a polyetherketone, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylethersulfone or copolymers such as styrene/ethylene, styrene/butadiene or styrene/isoprene (many other (co)polymers specified). EXAMPLE - None given.