NOVELTY - A hollow synthetic resin float is formed by resin molding, and magnets (3) are formed at the internal and outer surfaces outside resin. The inner and outer surfaces of the hollow section are formed by initial stage molding and magnet formed hollow section is molded to specific shape during final stage molding.    USE - Used for manufacture of magnetic hollow float used in storage battery of vehicles like truck and bus.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures precise detection of electrolyte level as the center coincidence between magnet and hollow section is maintained during molding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the magnetic hollow float.    Magnet (3)    Bridge (6)
NOVELTY - A raw material containing high molecular compound is melt-extruded to obtain a high polymer film. Before extrusion, the amount of volatile material in the high molecular compound is 0.1 wt.% or less at 110 degrees C. The high molecular compound comprises a structural component having repeating structural unit. The high polymer film is contacted with a sulfonated agent to manufacture a sulfonated polymer film.    USE - To manufacture sulfonated polymer film which is used as proton conductive film for solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method is simple and effective, and produces sulfonated polymer film with reduced gas permeable defects.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A raw material containing high molecular compound is melt extruded to obtain a high polymer film. Before extrusion, the amount of volatile material in the high molecular compound before extrusion is 0.1 wt.% or less at 110 degrees C. The high molecular compound comprises a structural component having repeating structural unit of formula (1). The high polymer film is contacted with a sulfonated agent to manufacture a sulfonated polymer film.    Ar1 = bivalent aromatic unit of formulae (2-11);    X = 0-2;    n = 1 or more.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sulfonated polymer film.
NOVELTY - Polyelectrolyte contains polymer formed by polymerizing specific polyamine compounds.    USE - For polyelectrolyte fuel cells (claimed), secondary batteries, display device and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity under low humidity of 10% or less, when compared to conventional perfluorosulfonic acid group polymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polyelectrolyte contains polymer formed by polymerizing polyamine compounds of formula (1a)-(1c).    X,Y,Z = mono-, di-, tri- or tetra substituted aromatic ring chosen from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenylmethane, diphenylether, diphenyl sulfone, diphenyl amine, N,N'-diphenyl paraphenylene diamine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, piperidine and piperazine    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polyelectrolyte fuel cell comprising electrolyte film formed from polyelectrolyte, interposed between electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the infrared spectrum of polymer (P1) (drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The manufacture of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery involves fixing anode, cathode and porous polymer electrolyte by heating. The electrolyte is present inside at least 1 electrode and in between electrodes. The melting point (T1) of the electrolyte between the electrodes, the melting point (T2) of the electrolyte inside an electrode and the heating temperature (T3) satisfy specific relations.    USE - Manufacturing non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacture of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery provides uniform distribution of lithium ion and uniform dispersion of electrolyte. The fusion of the polymer electrolyte and the occlusion of the coating of active material particle surface are inhibited. The discharge characteristics of the battery are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The manufacture of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery involves fixing an anode, a cathode and a porous polymer electrolyte by heating. The electrolyte is present inside at least one electrode and in between the electrodes. The melting point (T1) of the electrolyte between the electrodes, the melting point (T2) of the electrolyte inside an electrode and the heating temperature (T3) satisfy specific relations given by:    T1 at most T3 at most T1+10; and    T2 at least T1+5.
NOVELTY - A stack of a fuel cell is fixed to a sealed container through an insulation space. An electrically insulative liquid is filled in the space surrounding the stack, such that the stack and the container are insulated electrically. The liquid is heated and fed to an external heat exchanger for heating. The heated liquid is again returned to the container.    USE - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the size and improves the electric insulation of the fuel cell. Efficiently heats the electrically insulative liquid even under severe conditions.
NOVELTY - A negative plate collector rod (5) is extended towards bottom portion of a separator (3) to support an insulation material (8). The insulation material is made of polyamide type resin, polysulfone type resin and polyolefin type resin.    USE - Cylindrical alkaline battery.    ADVANTAGE - The insulated material is supported by the negative plate collector rod so the battery is strong against the shock generated by dropping the battery. The collector efficiency and high load discharge are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for cylindrical alkaline battery manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of internal structure of the cylindrical alkaline battery.    Separator (3)    Negative plate collector rod (5)    Insulation material (8)
NOVELTY - The surface of the carbon material containing graphite is covered by 0.06-0.29 weight parts of copolymer which has 1-25 mole% or 5-20 mole% of oxypropylene and oxyethylene.    USE - Composite carbon material for electrode (claimed) in lithium secondary battery used for electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Initial charging efficiency is high and favorable discharge characteristics are obtained even in the low temperature region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrode; and    (2) lithium secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The battery has core material portion whose peripheral edges are coated with fluororesin before abutting the portion on a paste end face. The coating range of fluororesin is below 5 mm to a coating side from the face, and below 1 mm to a non-coating side.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents sagging of paste end face during coating process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous secondary battery has anode, cathode and electrolyte, and 0.1-2 wt.% of acrylic monomer or its oligomer having at least one double bond capable of polymerization in the liquid electrolyte.    USE - As non-aqueous secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous secondary battery effectively suppresses the generation of gas and deterioration of battery property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a cross section showing the laminated non-aqueous rechargeable battery.    Positive Electrode (1)    Lead section (1a)    Negative Electrode (2)    Lead section (2a)    Separator (3)    Sheathing Material (4)    Seal portion (4a)    Positive-Electrode Terminal (5)    Negative-Electrode Terminal (6)
NOVELTY - The ion exchange film, catalyst layer, base material sheet, porous sheet having 20-80% of porosity and elastic rubber sheet are laminated sequentially. The catalyst layer contains fluorine resin having sulfonic acid group and catalyst, and is transcribed on the ion exchange film by hot-pressing the obtained laminate. .    USE - For manufacturing catalyst layer film joined component for solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst layer film joined component is manufactured at high yield by using the transcription method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion exchange film, catalyst layer, base material sheet, porous sheet having 20-80% of porosity and elastic rubber sheet are laminated sequentially. The catalyst layer contains fluorine resin having sulfonic acid group and catalyst, and is transcribed on the ion exchange film by hot-pressing the obtained laminate. The base material sheet is peeled off, to manufacture the catalyst layer film joined component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of catalyst layer film joined component.
NOVELTY - The sulfonic acid group-containing polyoxazole or polythiazole, has an electric conductivity of 0.02 S/cm or more, at 10000 Hz AC impedance, 80 degreesC and 95% relative humidity, and a mean molecular weight of 1000-1000000. The compound has repeat units which have random and/or alternate couplings.    USE - For polymeric electrolyte films in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The compound has excellent durability, heat resistance, solvent resistance and mechanical properties. The polymer has excellent ionic conductivity and hence is used as polyelectrolyte in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Molding comprising the compound as main component; and    (2) Film comprising the compound as main component.
NOVELTY - Plastic sheet comprising alicyclic skeletoned bis(meth)acrylate and mono(meth)acrylate resins, preliminarily heated in air at 150-200 degreesC for at least 3 hours and then heated in air at 150 degreesC for 3 hours and kept standing in air of 50% relative humidity (RH) at 23 degreesC for 1 hour keeps its dimensional stability within minus 0.02%.    USE - Product is used in e.g. display panel of liquid crystal, solar cell substrate, optical filter.    ADVANTAGE - Provides satisfactory performance at panel fabrication (heating and warm water washing).The product provides a substrate with very little dimensional change of within 0.02% at heat/washing in the panel production.
NOVELTY - Electromotive force inspection apparatus (1) consists of a heat discoloration layer (6) and a conductive layer (3), laminated on a film-form substrate (2). Electricity is supplied through a contact portion of (3). (3) generates heat, and (6) or (3) is discolored. The heat conductivity of the film-form substrate is less than 0.2 w/m.k.    USE - For battery.    ADVANTAGE - Consumption of heat generated by the conductive layer is reduced. The heat discoloration layer prevents escape of heat generated from the conductive layer, thereby, the heat transmission efficiency is improved. Usage of the electromotive force inspection apparatus is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electromotive force inspection apparatus consists of a heat discoloration layer and a conductive layer, or a conductive layer having heat discoloration property, laminated on a film-form substrate. Electricity is supplied through a contact portion of the conductive layer. The conductive layer generates heat, and the heat discoloration layer or the conductive layer is discolored. The heat conductivity of the film-form substrate is less than 0.2 w/m.k.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawings and reverse view of the electromotive force inspection apparatus.    Electromotive force inspection apparatus (1)    Film-form substrate (2)    Conductive layer (3)    Heat discoloration layer (6)
NOVELTY - The separator which is subjected to pin prickling process has a nonwoven fabric layer or cloth layer having specific elasticity (in gf/mm). The separator has thickness of less than 130 micrometers and permeability of 4-16 cm3/cm2/s and elasticity of 115 gf/mm or more.    USE - For alkaline cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the fiber is adhered firmly, the separator has excellent short circuit resistance. Hence battery with thin shape and high volume can be operated safely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separator which is subjected to pin prickling process has a nonwoven fabric layer or cloth layer having elasticity (in gf/mm) of at least (440-2.5) x (thickness of separator in micrometers). The separator has thickness of less than 130 micrometers and permeability of 4-16 cm3/cm2/s and elasticity of 115 gf/mm or more.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for alkaline cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship of elasticity and thickness of separator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element (3) is pasted to a sheet of insulating paper (4) having electrical and heat insulation properties, and is stored in a PTC storage frame (8) in a casing (5).    USE - Mounting PTC element in battery pack.    ADVANTAGE - Since the PTC element is thermally insulated from each component of the battery pack, heat produced by the PTC element due to excessive current is not dissipated easily so temperature of the element increases at a greater speed and the element trips, so the excessive current caused by a sudden increase of a resistance value is blocked.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the battery pack with PTC element.    Battery pack (1)    Secondary batteries (2)    PTC element (3)    Insulating paper (4)    Casing (5)    PTC storage frame (8)
NOVELTY - Resin-impregnated products (I) based on expanded graphite (EXG) or at least partly re compacted EXG contain solvent-free, low-viscosity, stable resin systems based on isocyanates and co-reactants and/or epoxy resins, or polymers obtained by hardening such systems.    USE - As sealing elements, fuel cell components or heat-conducting elements (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables the production of resin-impregnated products by an efficient method of impregnation and hardening, using solvent-free, low-viscosity resins to ensure effective impregnation with resins which undergo hardening by an addition reaction, thus eliminating the formation of fine channels, cracks and blisters due to the release of solvent and/or low-mol. wt. condensation products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for the production of (I) from EXG or partly re compacted EXG with an open pore system, by impregnation with a solvent-free, low-viscosity, polymerisable resin system (see above), converting the unhardened intermediate product into the B-stage, leaving it in this state or processing it to a formed body and then hardening the resin.
NOVELTY - A pair of resin sheets (20) are positioned between the peripheries of laminate films (12,13) respectively at a location where an anode tab (14) and a cathode tab (15) are provided. The edges of the resin sheet are made to cover the opposite ends of the anode and cathode tabs, and the resin sheets are thermally welded in the state of contact with the laminate films.    USE - For sealing battery (claimed) e.g. rechargeable lithium ion battery used as electric power source in electric vehicles, hybrid cars.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing ability of the battery can be achieved easily by covering the opposite ends of anode tab and cathode tab with the resin sheets. Hence, leak of electrolysis solution from the battery is prevented. A need for complicated machining or working to each of the anode and cathode tabs is unnecessary, thereby avoiding lowering in production efficiency and increase in cost of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of the battery.    battery (10)    flat electrode laminate (11)    laminate films (12,13)    anode tab (14)    cathode tab (15)    resin sheets (20)
NOVELTY - A planar concentrator solar power module (1) comprises a planar base, an aligned array of linear photo voltaic cell circuits on the base and an array of linear planar Fresnel lenses above the base for directing focused solar radiation on the aligned array of linear photo voltaic cell circuits.    USE - For use as a planar solar concentrator power module.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly is a retrofit for a planar module and is easier and cheaper to make. The heat load is easily manageable. Investment requirement is manageable and does not threaten existing cell suppliers. The device is low cost and usable in early existing markets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a planar solar concentrator power module.    Solar power module (1)    Frame (9)    Panel terminals (13)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte comprises a cationic species disposed in a polyoxometalate network (100).    USE - For storage devices such as electrochemical devices e.g. lithium batteries, electrochromic devices, super capacitors, fuel cells and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has excellent ion conductivity, thermal stability, film formability and membrane formability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) composition which comprises cationic species and polyoxometalate anionic species coupled through a network;    (2) apparatus which comprises electrodes (I,II), a current collector coupled to electrodes (I or II), and an electrolyte disposed between electrodes (I,II); and    (3) method for forming the electrolyte, which involves forming a solution of the composition and introducing the solution as a film onto substrate surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the structure of the functionalized polymer containing polyoxomolybdate units and lithium ions as spectator cations.    network (100)    bridge ligand (130)
NOVELTY - A sheet of a fuel cell consists of the carbon fiber which is partially water-repellent, and pulp which is partially conductive and water-repellent.    USE - For fuel cell e.g. solid polymer type, phosphoric type, molten carbonate type, solid oxide type fuel cell, etc., used for small sized decentralized power source, automobiles, mobile power source, small sized power generating plants for buildings, factories, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the baking process at high temperature is not required, the cost of current collector is reduced. The flooding of water which will adversely affect cell characteristics and reliability can be prevented, due to water-repellency property and the size of fuel cell can be reduced. The current collector has excellent mechanical strength, high conductivity, chemical stability with respect to the fuel gas and oxidant gas and it has the ability to disperse the steam effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) current collector manufacturing method;    (2) membrane electrode assembly for current collector; and    (3) fuel cell using current collector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A capacitor cell structure (15) comprises a separator (11), polarization electrodes (12), collectors (13) and a gasket (14). At least a portion of the collectors and/or gasket has a gas permeability coefficient of at least 4x10-12 m3/(m2.S.Pa).    USE - For electrical double layer capacitor (claimed) used in combination with a lead storage battery or solar battery for cell motor of an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The collectors and gasket of the capacitor cell structure effectively prevent accumulation of gas in the cell and leakage of electrolytic solution. Hence the cell structure and a novel electrical double layer capacitor are obtained with improved yield. The collectors and the gasket suppress the decrease of capacitance on high temperatures. Hence the cell structure has improved long-term reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electric double layer capacitor containing several stacked cell structures, and a package film which packages the stacked cell structures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional elevation view of capacitor cell structure.    separator (11)    polarization electrodes (12)    collectors (13)    gasket (14)    side layers (14a,14c)    center layer (14b)    capacitor cell structure (15)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor electrode (10) with mixture (14) layer comprising titanium oxide, tin oxide, aceto compound and chloride of zinc, magnesium, nickel, calcium and lithium, is formed on an insulating substrate. Electrolytic solution is interposed between the semiconductor electrode and a counter electrode (20).    USE - Dye sensitive solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing cost is reduced and energy conversion efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of dye sensitive solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the dye sensitive solar cell.    semiconductor electrode (10)    electroconductive glass substrate (12)    mixture layer (14)    counter electrode (20)    fine hole (26)
NOVELTY - A tape (24, 22) made of heat resistant plastic is arranged at outer surface of edge (12b) of anode collector foil (12) at which anode terminal (23) is inserted; and outer surface of edge (15a) of cathode collector foil (15) at which cathode terminal (21) is inserted, respectively. The ultrasonic welding of terminals to respective foils are performed through tapes.    USE - Lithium ion polymer secondary battery used in portable apparatus such as video camera and notebook type computer.    ADVANTAGE - Failure of the collector foils at the time of ultrasonic welding of the terminal is prevented. The battery can be manufactured easily and its reliability is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The tapes have a thickness in the range of 5-250 microns. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for terminal connection method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of terminal connection structure. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Anode collector foil (12)    Anode collector foil edge (12b)    Cathode collector foil (15)    Cathode collector foil edge (15a)    Cathode terminal (21)    Tapes (22,24)    Anode terminal (23)
NOVELTY - The solar power generator (1) has transparent protection plate (12) made of synthetic polycarbonate resin, that is arranged on upper and lower surfaces of a double-sided light-reception type solar power-generation cell (11).    USE - For generating power from solar energy for illuminating road sign, lamp, information display and other self-illuminating structures, during night, installed in outdoor workpiece (claimed) such as sound-insulation wall and fence in footpath, driveway and buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent protection plate ensures higher rigidity to the solar power generation cell, while allowing effective irradiation of sunlight onto the solar power generation cell, hence maintains high electric power generation effectiveness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for outdoor workpiece.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shoes an explanatory view of the solar power generator.    solar power generator (1)    solar power generation cell (11)    transparent protection plate (12)    terminal block (14)    wirings (111)    metallic foils (112)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell consists of a gas diffusion layer (1) whose upper and lower surfaces are respectively provided with anode (2) and cathode (3) from opposing ends to intermediate portion to form a cell unit (4). A pair of cell units are laminated on both sides of an electrolyte film (5) by contacting the anode and cathode of upper and lower units on both surfaces.    USE - Used as electric power unit of electrical apparatus, electronic devices such as personal computer, mobile telephone, drive source of electric vehicle and cogeneration electric power generation unit.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy integration of the fuel cell with electrical and electronic devices. Mixing of gas is prevented. The fuel cell according to required voltage is easily manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cell units are stacked in steps through the electrolyte film. The gas diffusion layer is a flexible plate containing carbon material. A gas seal portion (6) containing fluorine resin is provided in the gas diffusion layer. The fuel cell uses hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon group reformed gas and methanol aqueous solution as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section and top views of the lamination type fuel cell.    Gas diffusion layer (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Cell unit (4)    Electrolyte film (5)    Gas seal portion (6)
NOVELTY - A cover is welded to a battery case after the cover closes an opening of the case, when pushed in the direction of the case.    USE - For mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The battery pack is manufactured without damaging a battery and associated electronic components, since the cover is welded to the case after closing the case opening.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for battery pack welding equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the battery pack welding apparatus.    ultrasonic horn (4)    ultrasonic generator (5 )    air cylinder (6)    control (7)
NOVELTY - The protection walls (11-14) having a resin layer (70) are arranged on inner face of the case (10), so that a printed circuit board (PCB) (40) having silk printing layer (60) at the back side, so that the periphery of the PCB is covered.    USE - For battery used in portable cordless apparatuses such as video camera, notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents fault of electric circuit of the battery, due to the provision of silk printing layer to the back side of the PCB and the protection walls.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the battery case.    Protection case (10)    Protection wall (11-14)    Printed circuit (40)    Silk printing layer (60)    Resin layer (70)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises catalyst layers (11), gas diffusion layer (3) and separator with reaction gas channel. The layer (11) is made of catalyst powder and ion exchange resin. The empty weight (EW) of the resin is large at layer (3) side than at electrolytic film side, along thickness direction of layer (11). EW is large at outlet side than at inlet side of reaction gas, along face direction.    USE - Solid high molecular fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents excess or insufficient water content in the catalyst. Inhibits gas diffusion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    gas diffusion layer (3)    catalyst layers (11)
NOVELTY - An electronic element (31) with an internal wiring (32), is mounted on a plastic sheet (33b). A hole (34) of predetermined size, is provided to the plastic sheet (33a) on the sheet (33b). The hole is sealed by an element (36) for a predetermined time. The element is removed and internal wiring is electrically connected to external wiring within the hole.    USE - For connecting several solar battery elements of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reliable connection of internal and external wirings, without damaging internal wire or electronic element. Ensures easy connection of internal and external wiring within the hole. Eliminates need for manual work after sealing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the wiring lead drawing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electronic element (31)    Internal wiring (32)    Plastic sheets (33a,33b)    Hole (34)    Sealing element (36)
NOVELTY - Battery cell comprises transparent substrate provided with transparent electrode layer, electricity generating layer of oxide semiconductor film (SF), reverse electrode layer and reverse substrate. SF is formed by baking oxide microparticles (OM) of particle diameter (PD) 0.1 nm-10 mum, and supports pigment sensitizer. SF is impregnated with electrolytic solution.    USE - As pigment sensitive solar battery cell.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment sensitive solar battery has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The method enables to easily and inexpensively produced solar battery in mass.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Pigment sensitive solar battery cell comprises transparent substrate (1) sequentially provided with transparent electrode layer (2), electricity generating layer (8), reverse electrode layer (5) and reverse substrate (6), on light receiving surface. The layer (8) is an oxide semiconductor film (SF) formed by baking oxide microparticles of particle diameter 0.1-10 mm. A pigment sensitizer is supported on SF, and SF is impregnated with electrolytic solution. At least 30 weight % of the oxide microparticles have particle diameter of 0.1-10 nm.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) Manufacture of pigment sensitive solar battery cell; and    (2) Pigment sensitive solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of pigment sensitive solar battery cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrode layer (2)    Electrolytic solution (3)    Oxide semiconductor film supporting pigment sensitizer (4)    Reverse electrode layer (5)    Reverse substrate (6)
NOVELTY - A liquid fuel feed-type fuel cell includes a solid electrolyte film, many fuel electrodes arranged on one surface of the solid electrolyte film, and many oxidizing agent electrodes arranged opposing the fuel electrodes on the other surface of the solid electrolyte film. Many unit cells comprising fuel electrodes, oxidizing agent electrodes and solid electrolyte film are electrically connected.    USE - Used as a liquid fuel feed-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a simple structure, gives a high output and has a miniaturized thin form. Channels are provided at zones lying between adjacent unit cells so that migration of hydrogen ions to adjacent unit cells can be restrained to prevent voltage drop.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell.    Fuel electrodes (102)    Solid polymer electrolyte film (114)    Collector (120, 121)    Connecting electrode (124)    Groove (302)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a solid electrolyte film, many fuel electrodes arranged on one surface of the solid electrolyte film and many oxidizing agent electrodes arranged opposing the fuel electrodes on the other surface of the solid electrolyte film. Many unit cells comprising fuel electrodes, oxidizing agent electrodes and solid electrolyte film are electrically connected. A low ion conductive region is provided at a region between adjacent unit cells.    USE - Used as a liquid fuel feed-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a simple structure, gives a high output and has a miniaturized thin form. Channels are provided at zones lying between adjacent unit cells so that migration of hydrogen ions to adjacent unit cells can be restrained to prevent voltage drop.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell.    Fuel electrodes (102)    Solid polymer electrolyte film (114)    Collectors (120, 121, 123)    Connecting electrode (124)    Fuel (125)    Oxidizing agent (126)    Groove (302)
NOVELTY - Lithium based electrochemical device comprises at least two porous electrodes, porous ceramic separator(s) between electrodes, and non-aqueous electrolyte in contact with electrodes, contained in enclosure. Electrodes contain expanded metal micro-grids coated with active materials. One side of separator is in contact with electrode active material (I), and other side is in contact with organic ion-conductive adhesive layer.    USE - As electrochemical device.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical device has high energy density and power density with a thin, flexible structure due to the organic adhesive layer. The electrochemical device is manufactured easily due to the lack of plasticizer, extraction step and welding.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Lithium based electrochemical device (10) comprises at least two porous electrodes (11,17), porous ceramic separator(s) (14) between electrodes, and non-aqueous electrolyte in contact with electrodes, contained in enclosure. Electrodes contain expanded metal micro-grids coated with active materials. One side of separator is in contact with electrode active material (I), and other side is in contact with organic ion-conductive adhesive layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of electrochemical device.    electrochemical device (10)    porous electrodes (11,17)    collector (12)    separator (14)
NOVELTY - The synthetic fiber such as acrylic fiber or aramid fiber is processed into staple fibers of specific length and then fibrillated. The fibrillated fibers are formed into a continuous web. the web is made electrically conductive by carbonizing/graphitizing the web through heating at specific temperature.    USE - For manufacturing fibrous, flat and electrically conducting material (claimed) used in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The micro porous continuous web is formed at reduced cost and high speed, using simple process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fibrous, flat and porous material;    (2) non-woven fabric; and    (3) polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    fuel cell (11)    anode (17)    cathode (19)    non-conducting membrane (21)    electrical circuit (23)
NOVELTY - A polymeric composition comprises a particulate carbonaceous material; and a sulfonated conducting polymer containing hetero atoms. The sulfonated conducting polymer is grafted on the carbonaceous material.    USE - For fuel cell, battery or capacitor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention increases proton conductivity and enhances the methanol oxidation. It also increases fuel cell efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for preparing a carbon with enhanced electronic conductivity comprising oxidatively polymerizing monomer of a conducting polymer containing hetero atoms with particulate carbonaceous material to form a conducting polymer-grafted carbonaceous material; and    (b) a fuel cell comprising an anode, cathode, and proton exchange membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show schematic views proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an electrode and membrane of PEMFC.
NOVELTY - A charge transporting material comprising a novel polyester having a pi conjugated group in a side chain, and an electron accepting compound or an electron donating compound, is new.    USE - The polyester is for use an electron-transporting material for organic Els and hole-transporting layers of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polyester has characteristic electric properties since it has a fluorine residual group in the side chain. Hence it can form a stable electron- transporting complex with an electron-donating or -accepting compound.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyester having the pi conjugated group in a side chain, is represented by general formula (1).    Ar = aromatic group including a hetero ring ;    R1 = carbon atom or directing bond ;    R2 - R9 = H atom, electron-donating or electron attracting group ;    R20, R21 = H atom or organic group ;    X = hetero atom, group containing a hetero atom, organic group or direct bond ;    m = integer = 2 or greater
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises anode compartment (1) having anode electrode (4) and redox enzyme integrated into biocompatible membrane tethered to the anode electrode, a cathode electrode (5) which can convey electrons to electron acceptor composition in a cathode compartment (3), and a barrier (2) separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.    USE - The fuel cell, including rechargeable fuel cells, is used in powering electrical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can operate at moderate temperatures and without the presence of harsh chemicals maintained at high temperatures. It provides microscale power for short duration electrical output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment comprises, in the anode compartment, an anode electrode and, integrated into biocompatible membrane tethered to the anode electrode, a redox enzyme that can receive electrons from an electron carrier; in the cathode compartment, a cathode electrode which, when a conductive pathway to the first electrode is formed, is effective to convey the electrons to an electron acceptor composition in the cathode compartment; and a barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure schematically shows a fuel cell.    Anode compartment (1)    Barrier (2)    Cathode compartment (3)    Anode electrode (4)    Cathode electrode (5)
NOVELTY - Battery comprises a single cell, an outer paper package covering the single cell, and a water-repellent layer included in the outer paper package.    USE - The battery is used in a group-battery useful as power source for various portable devices, e.g. cellular phone.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly prevents corrosion of the battery due to water outside the package.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a battery, which comprises forming a water-repellent layer on a paper sheet, and covering a single cell in the paper sheet on which the water-repellent layer is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a partially-sectional side view of a power source for a power tool.    Housing (10)    Main room (12)    Sub-room (14)    Vent holes (16a, 16b)    Alkaline storage batteries (20)
NOVELTY - A thermal battery comprises anode, cathode, electrolyte, and heat element. The electrolyte has first inactive state in which the electrolyte is electrically insulative, and second active state in which the electrolyte is electrically conductive between anode and cathode. A first interface between electrolyte and anode and/or cathode is non-planar. The heat element transforms the electrolyte from the first to second state.    USE - For use as highly integrated thermal batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal battery is relatively small in physical size, yet capable of reliable performance over a wide range of operating conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for forming a thermal battery (30) comprising forming an electrolyte (40) to have a first inactive state in which the electrolyte is electrically insulative, and to have a second active state in which the electrolyte is electrically conductive; and positioning the electrolyte between the anode (36) and cathode (38). The electrolyte and one of the anode and cathode are formed such that a first interface between the electrolyte and the anode and/or cathode is non-planar.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a conceptual exploded side view of the thermal battery configuration.    Thermal battery (30)    Anode (36)    Cathode (38)    Electrolyte (40)    Separator (42)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic cell comprises a charge carrier material and a photosensitized interconnected nanoparticle material including nanoparticles linked by a polymeric linking agent, both disposed between two rigid light-transmitting substrates.    USE - As photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The durability and longevity of the photovoltaic cell is enhanced by their fabrication on tempered glass substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of interconnecting nanoparticles at low temperatures on a rigid substrate, which comprises providing a rigid substrate, applying a solution comprising a polymeric linking agent and a solvent to the rigid substrate, and contacting metal oxide nanoparticles with the solution below 300 degrees C to interconnect at least a portion of the metal oxide nanoparticles.
NOVELTY - A photosensitizing agent comprises: (i) a sensitizing dye for receiving electromagnetic energy; and (ii) a co-sensitizer comprising a coordinating group for co-adsorbing with the sensitizing dye on a surface.    USE - The material is used for a flexible photovoltaic cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The material enhances charge transfer efficiency of the sensitizing dye.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic cell.    Nanoparticle material (603)    Carrier material (606)    Substrate (609, 612)    Electrical conductor (618)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte comprises poly(siloxane-g-ethylene oxide).    USE - Useful for electrochemical devices, preferably a lithium secondary battery (claimed), and other devices, i.e. capacitors and hybrid devices. E.g. for use in portable electronic equipment, electric vehicles, aircraft, space vehicles and satellites.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is safe because it eliminates problems associated with volatility, flammability and chemical reactivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A non-aqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte comprises poly(siloxane-g-ethylene oxide) having a structure of formula (I), for electrochemical devices.    R, R''=alkyl; and    R'=H or alkyl group, and dissolved alkali metal salt(s).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) an electrochemical device comprising the non-aqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte as above; and    (b) a capacitor containing the Non-aqueous liquid type polymeric electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a trace of measured ionic conductivity versus temperature for a cell.
NOVELTY - The manufacture of a lower electrode involves forming thin metal film(s) (4) containing molybdenum, after forming a pattern layer (3) followed by water washing the metal thin film positioned on the pattern layer and removing portions of metal thin film linearly. The pattern layer comprises water-soluble ink on a substrate/board (1) having an insulating layer (2).    USE - Used for thin-film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a lower electrode for thin-film solar cells without impairing insulation, even if the insulating layer is formed on board. The process improves patterning of the thin metal film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of lower electrode manufacture.    Board/substrate (1)    Insulating layer (2)    Pattern layer (3)    Thin metal film (4)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte, contains an electrolyte salt and a polymer having repeating structural units derived from specified compound (1).    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte cell (claimed) used for personal digital assistant, portable electronic device, small electric power storage domestic apparatus, motor bicycle electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte has high lithium ion transport number and high ionic conductivity. The solid polymer electrolyte has improved productive efficiency. Since the negative electrode contains material which can discharge and occlude lithium metal, lithium ion and lithium alloy, the solid polymer electrolyte cell has high capacitance and high discharge characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte, contains an electrolyte salt and a polymer having repeating structural units derived from compound of formula (1).    R1 = 1C or more non-polymerizable functional group;    R2,R3 = polymerizable functional group;    R1a-R1d, R2a-R2d,R3a-R3d = hydrogen or 1-3C alkyl; and    n11, n12, n13, n21, n22, n23, n31, n32, n33 = 0-100, n21xn22xn23, and n31xn32xn33 are not equal to 0, and n13(n11+n12) is greater than n23(n21+n22), and n13(n11+n12) is greater than n33(n31+n32).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solid polymer electrolyte cell consisting of a negative electrode containing negative electrode active material comprising a substance which can occlude and discharge lithium metal, lithium ion or lithium alloy, a positive electrode containing positive electrode active material comprising transition metal oxide as main component and a solid polymer electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows measurement result of ionic conductivity of electrolyte of example and comparative example, by alternating current impedance method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Insulation structure (1) has insulating resins (3) provided on the surface and holes (5) of a wiring board (2).    USE - Battery module (claimed) used in electronic devices e.g. personal digital assistant and mobile telephone, and a battery charger.    ADVANTAGE - The insulation structure with high durability and simple structure is easily manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the insulation structure of a battery module.    Insulation structure (1)    Wiring board (2)    Insulating resin (3)    Metal terminal (4)    Holes (5)    Column portion (7)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell base, comprising an electrolyte layer (11) with an electrode (12) in the form of a plate on each side of it, surrounded by a sealing joint (13), has a plate of a mesh material acting as a support for the electrolyte layer, the two electrodes and the joint and corresponding in thickness to the electrolyte layer. The mesh layer can be in the form of a porous matrix, and the joint is thicker than the electrolyte and mesh layers so that it covers the edges of the electrode plates.    USE - Electric fuel cell for land vehicles, space or maritime craft.    ADVANTAGE - Lower manufacturing costs.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section/ perspective view of the fuel cell.    Electrolyte (11)    Electrodes (12)    Joint (13)
NOVELTY - A laminated polyester film comprises: (a) a base film comprising a polyester film stretched in at least one direction; and on at least one surface (b) a coating layer comprising a polymer binder and fine particles. The film has at most 1.5% haze, at least 85% total light transmittance, at least 0.3 J 50% breaking energy per 100 mum thickness, and at most 4% heat shrinkage at 230degreesC and 30 min.    USE - For laminated films (claimed), and laminated polyester films for electroluminescence substrates (claimed use), electronic paper substrates (claimed use) and solar cell substrates (claimed use).    ADVANTAGE - The laminated polyester film has excellent sliding properties, transparency, dimensional stability, shock resistance and adhesiveness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A laminated polyester film comprises: (a) a base film comprising a polyester film stretched in at least one direction; and on at least one surface (b) a coating layer comprising a polymer binder and fine particles having a refractive index substantially the same as that of the polymer binder. The film has at most 1.5% haze, at least 85% total light transmittance, at least 0.3 J 50% breaking energy per 100 mum of film thickness, and at most 4% heat shrinkage at 230degreesC and 30 min.
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises cathode plates and anode plates having tap, and separator on which an ion-conductive polymer material is coated on one side of the separator and an electrolyte.    USE - Used as lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The invented lithium secondary battery has improved cycle life characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium secondary battery comprises cathode plates and anode plates where each of the cathode and anode plates has a tap, and a separator on which a ion-conductive polymer material is coated on one side of the separator and an electrolyte. Each of the cathode and anode plates are alternating each other and connected in parallel. The taps of the cathode plates and the anode plates overlap each independently. The alternating cathode and anode plates are separated by a separator having one of three given constructions, and the electrolyte is charged between each of the cathodes and each of the anodes separated by the separator.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for fabricating a lithium secondary battery comprising coating one side of a separator with an ion-conductive polymer material; arranging cathode and anode plates in a predetermined order onto the surface of the separator on which the ion conductive polymer material is coated such that a stacked body, in which each of the cathode plates and each of the anode plates are alternating each other and connected in parallel, the taps of the cathode plates and the anode plates overlap each independently, and the alternating cathode and anode plates are separated by the separator is prepared by a successive folding; performing a successive folding of the separator to obtain the stacked body; and housing the obtained stacked body within a package, followed by injection of an electrolyte solution and packaging.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a stacked body.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell, battery or capacitor comprises sulfonated particulate carbonaceous material.    USE - For converting energy of a chemical reaction into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The invention increases proton conductivity and enhances the methanol oxidation. It also increases fuel cell efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for preparing a particulate carbonaceous material with enhanced electronic and protonic conductivity comprising sulfonating a particulate carbonaceous material;    (b) a fuel cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane;    (c) a method of making a fuel cell comprising producing a sulfonated particulate carbonaceous material by contacting an anhydride of formula (R-CO)2O with sulfuric acid under conditions to produce an organic sulfite intermediate of formula R-(CO)O-SO3H; contacting a carbonaceous material with the organic sulfite intermediate produced under conditions to produce a surface-modified carbonaceous material; and treating the surface-modified carbonaceous material produced wit a neutralizing agent under conditions effective to produce a surface- modified carbonaceous material comprising sulfonate substituents; platinizing the sulfonated particulate carbonaceous material; making an electrode comprising the platinized sulfonated particulate carbonaceous material; a making a fuel cell comprising the electrode; and    (d) a process for the manufacture of a surface-modified carbonaceous material comprising contacting an anhydride of formula (R-CO)2O with sulfuric acid under conditions to provide an organic sulfite intermediate; and contacting a carbonaceous material with the organic sulfite intermediate provided under conditions to provide a surface modified carbonaceous material.    R = aliphatic substituent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A polymeric composition comprises a particulate carbonaceous material; and a conducting polymer containing hetero atoms. The conducting polymer is grafted on the carbonaceous material.    USE - For fuel cell, battery or capacitor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention increases proton conductivity and enhances the methanol oxidation. It also increases fuel cell efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for preparing a carbon with enhanced electronic conductivity comprising oxidatively polymerizing monomer of a conducting polymer containing hetero atoms with particulate carbonaceous material to form a conducting polymer-grafted carbonaceous material; and    (b) a fuel cell comprising an anode, cathode, and proton exchange membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show schematic views proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an electrode and membrane of PEMFC.
NOVELTY - A metallic interconnect layer (106) is formed on a metallic air flow field (110). An anode (104) is arranged between a metallic fuel flow field (108) on the interconnect layer and an electrolyte (102). The anode and the electrolyte are formed of ceramic components.    USE - For solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - Since the electrolyte, anode, metallic flow fields are integrated as a unit, the contact resistance between the stacking elements is eliminated. Improves impact and fracture resistance of the electrolyte due to the multilayer laminate. Ensures electrical conduction path to the cell, even if the insulation corrosion layers form on the exposed surfaces of the interconnect layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte is formed of thickness in the range 1-50 microns and includes multiple layers formed of ion-conducting material. The anode includes porous layers formed of a mixture of metal such as nickel or electro catalytic metals or its alloy and ion-conducting material. The metallic air and fuel flow fields are made of metal or metal alloy congenial with the environment in the anode and cathode compartments of the fuel cell, respectively.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method for solid oxide fuel cell repeat unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the modifier.    modifier (100)    electrolyte (102)    anode (104)    interconnect layer (106)    fuel flow field (108)    air flow field (110)
NOVELTY - A polymer matrix is blended with a fluorinated ionomer in an amount of 3-50 wt.% of the polymer matrix, to produce a blended polymer solution. The blended polymer solution is casted into a polymer membrane and the fluorinated ionomer is coated on both sides of the polymer membrane to produce a composite membrane.    USE - For production of polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell for power source of nonpolluting car, on-site generation of electricity, electric power source of spacecraft, portable energy source, and energy source for military purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte membrane has improved mechanical properties and thermal deformation characteristics, and excellent hydrogen ion conductivity. The polymer electrolyte membrane is used to produce high-energy efficiency fuel cell as an alternative energy source. The fuel cell is inexpensive and has excellent output and performance characteristics in comparison with the conventional nafion. Hence the fuel cell can be applied for various applications such as power source of nonpolluting car, on-site generation of electricity, electric power source of spacecraft and contributes to national energy self-sufficiency, substitute for imported energy resources, and available as an energy resource for export.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of polymer electrolyte membrane.    micro phase separation regions consisting of fluorinated-based ionomers (I)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte contains an electrolyte solution and a chemically crosslinked polymer. The electrolyte has a gel phase in which the crosslinked polymer is swollen with the electrolyte solution and a separated phase of electrolyte solution phase.    USE - Non-aqueous secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte has favorable thermal stability and provides non-aqueous secondary battery with excellent performance, high discharge capacity and improved capability of maintaining discharge capacity. The electrolyte enables production of a leak-free battery by a simple process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) method of producing solid electrolyte; and    (2) non-aqueous secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a film-type lithium ion battery.    Shielding film (4)    Anode tab (5)    Cathode tab (6)    Heat-bonded sealed inlet (7)
NOVELTY - The gel-form polyelectrolyte comprises matrix polymer (A) and non-aqueous electrolyte (B). The matrix polymer contains polymer (A1) formed by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated bond containing polyol (a) of specific formula, another polyol (b), organic polyisocyanate (c) and optionally monomer (d) having another ethylenically unsaturated bond.    USE - For secondary battery such as lithium secondary battery and electrochemical element or devices (both claimed) such as aluminum electrolyte capacitor and electric-double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The gel-form polyelectrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and enables to reduce the thickness of lithium secondary battery. The battery with high voltage, large electric capacitance, flat discharge property and favorable low temperature property is provided. The polyelectrolyte provides thin film lithium cell which can be used in higher temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gel-form polyelectrolyte comprises matrix polymer (A) and non-aqueous electrolyte (B). The matrix polymer contains polymer (A1) formed by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated bond containing polyol (a), another polyol (b), organic polyisocyanate (c), and optionally monomer (d) having another ethylenically unsaturated bond. The polyol (a) is of formula (I):    (HO)mR1(OX)r-m (I)    R1 = residue of an r-hydric polyol;    r = 3-10;    X = organic group having ethylenically unsaturated bond;    m = 2-9; and    r-m = 1-8.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrochemical element or electrochemical device, which uses the electrolyte; and    (2) secondary battery which comprises anode, cathode and the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A non aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a cathode containing cathode active material and binder, and an anode containing anode active material and binder. Halogenated carboxymethylcellulose in which halogen atom is substituted with at least one portion of hydrogen atom is used as binder for cathode and/or anode.    USE - Electric power unit of non-commercial electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Decomposition of halogenated carboxymethylcellulose is suppressed reliably and generation of gas is prevented so the swelling of the battery is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of non aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Binder containing carboxymethylcellulose for anode and/or cathode is formed. At least one portion of hydrogen atom in the carboxymethylcellulose is substituted with a halogen atom by performing halogenated processing of anode and/or cathode.
NOVELTY - The film is polymeric electrolyte film having plasticizer as main component added as required to high molecular compound having proton conductivity substituent to portion of aromatic ring of other high molecular compound. The film has a distortion thickness of 3 mm or less.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric electrolyte film has favorable expression and mechanical characteristics for high proton conductivity, and does not have reduction of property resulting from distortion. The film does not get destroyed when operated in fuel cell operating environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid polymeric type fuel cell using the film.
NOVELTY - The resin composition contains 20-95 wt.% of thermoplastic resin and 5-80 wt.% of thermally conductive filler.    USE - For battery block (claimed) used for motor vehicle, electric product and industrial machine.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved battery block with excellent rigidity and heat resisting property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery block.
NOVELTY - An insulating element (18) which protrudes from side edges of polymer electrolyte layer (17) includes temperature sensitive material through which side edges of anode active material (13) and cathode active material (16) are laminated so as to maintain temperature range of 80-180degreesC.    USE - Portable devices such as video camera, notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses the heat generation of battery during overcharge/over discharge effectively as portion of anode and cathode active materials are laminated by a temperature sensitive element which maintains temperature in range of 80-180degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of positive and negative electrode sheets. (Drawing includes non- English language text).    Anode sheet (11)    Anode collector foil (12)    Anode active material (13)    Cathode sheet (14)    Cathode collector foil (15)    Cathode active material (16)    Polymer electrolyte layer (17)    Insulating element (18)
NOVELTY - The core (40) of coil electrode object (1) comprises a pipe (41) whose one edge contacts bottom portion (2a) of an armored can (2) and another edge protrudes from the coil electrode object. The pipe is made of a resin whose softening temperature is higher than that of separator (13) of the coil electrode object.    USE - Nickel-cadmium battery and nickel-hydrogen battery.    ADVANTAGE - Occlusion of exhaust stream path due to melted separator is restrained. Pressure rise inside battery at the time of abnormal heating is restrained by the pipe minimizing the failure of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of the alkali storage battery.    Coil electrode object (1)    Armored can (2)    Bottom portion (2a)    Separator (13)    Core (40)    Pipe (41)
NOVELTY - Liquid fuel for fuel cells contains an organic compound such as methanol and 0.00001-2 wt% of a defoamer such as a fatty acid ester defoamer, alcohol defoamer, ether defoamer, phosphate ester defoamer or amine defoamer.    USE - The liquid fuel is for use for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - This liquid fuel suppresses the adsorption by electrode surfaces so fewer by-product gases are generated at the fuel electrode than with conventional fuels. It can quickly remove adsorbed foamy gases so as to maintain a wide effective catalyst area of the fuel electrode so the output of the fuel cell is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell using the liquid fuel.
NOVELTY - A lithium ion polymer cell is manufactured by applying an array of discrete regions of a pressure sensitive adhesive to at least 1 of each pair of opposed surfaces; assembling anode layers (14b), separator membranes (10), and cathode layers and applying pressure for adhesion to occur; and finally introducing an electrolyte solution into the cell assembly to form a cell.    USE - Used for the manufacture of lithium ion polymer cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables stacked cells to be assembled rapidly, and the assembly may be automated. The cells may have a large surface area of each electrode. It may also be possible to select an adhesive that softens at an elevated temperature (e.g. 110degreesC), to provide additional cell shut down capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of a lithium ion polymer cell comprising an anode layer(s) and a cathode layer(s), each comprising respective lithium ion insertion materials, and a porous polymeric membrane(s) separating each anode layer from each cathode layer, where each anode layer and each cathode layer incorporates a polymeric binder, comprises applying an array of discrete regions of a pressure sensitive adhesive to at least 1 of each pair of opposed surfaces; assembling the anode layers, separator membranes, and cathode layers and applying pressure for adhesion to occur; and finally introducing an electrolyte solution into the cell assembly to form a cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an end elevation of a cell during assembly.    Separator membranes (10)    Anode layers (14b)    Anode tabs (16)
NOVELTY - Each unit cell has positive and negative electrode tabs (20,20') protruding from respective sealed portions of an outer metal sheath film composed of polymer metal composite material. A separator is placed between the positive and negative electrode current collectors, connected to the tabs respectively. The polymer layers are provided between the outer metal sheath film and electrode tabs.    USE - For use as power source in vehicle e.g. hybrid or electric vehicle and in portable devices.    ADVANTAGE - Internal resistance of unit cell is reduced. Improves heat performance of battery. Since the primary resonant frequency is shifted to high frequency range, the transfer of vehicle vibration to the battery cell is prevented. Hence, the deterioration of battery cell is prevented and need for imparting load to the electrode tabs are eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross- sectional view of the laminate secondary battery.    unit cell (10)    positive electrode tab (20)    negative electrode tab (20')    bus bars (30)    outer case (50)
NOVELTY - An anode gas diffusion layer (GDL), a cathode GDL and a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) (1) which has an ionomer membrane (2) coated in the active area (3) of a catalyst layer, are laminated using an adhesive (4).    USE - For manufacturing membrane electrode assembly (MEA) used in fuel cell stack (claimed) such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), used in stationary and portable combined heat and power (CHP) units.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage and perforations on the CCM, and thereby improves the performance of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the CCM.    CCM (1)    ionomer membrane (2)    active area of catalyst layer (3)    adhesive (4)
NOVELTY - Manifold for a fuel cell system comprises a manifold body, first ports in the body for connecting to fuel cell peripherals, second ports in the body for connecting to a fuel cell and fluid passages within the manifold providing communication between respective ones of the first and second ports. In use, the fluid passages communicate fluids between the fuel cell stack and fuel cell peripherals.    USE - Used for a fuel cell system (claimed), particularly for mounting peripherals and piping to fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - The manifold provides a higher degree of system integration with reduced piping, fittings and associated hardware so reducing the size and weight of the fuel cell system. Thermal fluid related system losses are minimized. It can be manufactured using currently available inexpensive materials which allows for its mass production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system comprising:    (a) at least one fuel cell having a cathode inlet (4) and a cathode outlet (3) for an oxide, an anode inlet (1) and an anode outlet (6) for a fuel, and a coolant inlet (5) and a coolant outlet (2);    (b) a manifold having ports connected to the cathode inlet and outlet, the anode inlet and outlet, and the coolant inlet and outlet;    (c) additional ports including at least a port for an oxidant inlet, a port for a fuel inlet, and a coolant inlet and coolant outlet ports; and    (d) peripheral devices connected to the additional ports of the manifold.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a perspective view illustrating a manifold for a fuel cell system.    Anode inlet (1)    Coolant outlet (2)    Cathode outlet (3)    Cathode inlet (4)    Coolant inlet (5)    Anode outlet (6)
NOVELTY - The battery has an electrolyte (24) interposed between the positive and negative electrodes (21,22). Vinyl ethylene carbonate or (1,2) dimethoxyethane is added as additive to the electrolyte near the negative electrode side such that the chemical composition of the electrolyte differs at the positive and the negative electrode side.    USE - For portable electronic device such as built-in-camera, videotape recorder (VTR), mobile phone, laptop computer.    ADVANTAGE - Since the chemical composition differs at the positive and negative electrode side, the chemical stability of the electrolyte and the capacity of the battery are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of manufacturing battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the winding electrode of the battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    positive electrode (21)    negative electrode (22)    electrolyte (24)
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte comprises copolymer which is formed by polymerizing vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene. The ratio of tetrafluoroethylene with respect to total amount of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, is 5-30 wt%.    USE - For non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Polymer electrolyte with excellent high temperature property, is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The cathode consists of coating film made of lithium composite nitride, a binder which is a polymer having polar group, and conductive support agent. The film is coated on a metal collector, such that the polymer having the polar group, is mostly distributed in the boundary surface of the film and collector.    USE - For non-aqueous secondary battery (claimed) e.g. lithium-ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates favorable adhesion of metal collector and coating film, thereby improving the discharge cycle property of the cathode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-aqueous secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The electrode has coating film formed on metal collector with binder. The coating film made of lithium composite nitride and conductive support agent is a lithium-transition metal nitride. The binder is made of thermoplastic resin or rubber with polar group selected from acid anhydride, urethane, amino, carboxyl, epoxy and halogen groups.    USE - For non-aqueous secondary battery (claimed) such as rechargeable lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since coating film is adhered using thermoplastic resin or rubber, favorable adhesion property is obtained. Also malleability is obtained. High energy densification is achieved easily, by using coated metal collector as negative electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode has coating film formed on metal collector with binder. The coating film made of lithium composite nitride and conductive support agent is expressed by LialphaMbetaN where M is transition metal, and the conditions 0.2 at most alpha at most 2.9, 0.1 at most beta at most 0.8 are satisfied. The binder is made of thermoplastic resin or rubber with polar group selected from acid anhydride, urethane, amino, carboxyl, epoxy and halogen groups.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-aqueous secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The proton conductive material comprising silicon, phosphorus, oxygen and fifth group element has proton electric conductivity of more than 10-1 S/cm at temperature of 200degreesC.    USE - Solid electrolyte of fuel cell used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling mechanism in the fuel cell is unnecessary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of proton conductive material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph plotted between temperature and proton electric conductivity of material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The nonwoven fabric has gelatinization fiber (5) and non-gelatinization fiber (6) such that the volume fraction of non-gelatinization fiber with respect to the gelatinization fiber is 25% or more.    USE - Lithium secondary battery used for portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Internal short circuit of polymer electrolyte is prevented so excellent ionic conductivity is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) polymer electrolyte formation; and    (2) lithium secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the polymer electrolyte.    Gelatinization fiber (5)    Non-gelatinization fiber (6)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion element includes a semiconductor electrode having a semiconductor layer on which a sensitizing dye is supported, a counter electrode arranged opposite to the semiconductor electrode, and an electrolyte layer arranged between the electrodes. The electrolyte layer includes N-methyl-benzimidazole, iodine (I3-) of concentration 0.06-6 mol/dm3, a room temperature soluble salt and a nitrile solvent of boiling point at least 100 degrees C.    USE - Used as a photoelectric conversion element for use as a clean energy source solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The device enables good conversion efficiency for a long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a photoelectric conversion element.    Photoelectric conversion element (1)    Substrate (3)    Transparent electrode (5)    Semiconductor layer (7)    Counter electrode (9)    Substrate (11)    Electrolyte layer (13)    Semiconductor electrode (15)    Semiconductor film (17)    Sensitive dye (19)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a shaped layer of a selectively patterned and irradiation-cured photo-sensitive material.    USE - As a fuel cell or electromechanical device producing electrical current from chemical reactions.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is simple and inexpensive to fabricate and highly efficient in operation. The use of a photo-sensitive material in combination with selective patterning and irradiation curing provides for feasible mass production of non-planar boundary structures. The fuel cell assembly is free of mechanical clamping structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a fuel cell of the invention.    Ion-conducting electrolyte membrane (10)    Electrodes (20)    Backing layers (30)    Contacting face (39)    Fiber-reinforced laminate adhesive sheet (60)    Assembly axis (101)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises hydrogen and oxygen electrode frames, in which respective hydrogen and oxygen electrodes respectively having hydrogen and oxygen interfaces and an electrolyte interface are over-molded within the respective frames forming hydrogen or oxygen electrode assembly, and at least one electrolyte chamber disposed between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode.    USE - The fuel cell is used for producing an electric current.    ADVANTAGE - Over-molding the frames around the electrodes provides stability and superior gas and electrolyte flow characteristics within the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell comprises at least one hydrogen electrode frame in which a hydrogen electrode (20) having a hydrogen interface and an electrolyte interface is over-molded within the frame forming a hydrogen electrode assembly (30), at least one oxygen electrode (40) frame in which an oxygen electrode having an oxygen interface and an electrolyte interface is over-molded within the oxygen electrode frame forming an oxygen electrode assembly (50), and at least one electrolyte chamber (60) disposed between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode.    The inner sides of the hydrogen and oxygen electrode assemblies are adhered together forming a series of electrolyte flow channels disposed between the hydrogen and oxygen electrode assemblies. Electrolyte flow distributing structures are disposed within the electrolyte flow channels. The series of electrolyte flow channels and the electrolyte flow distributing structures are configured to uniformly distribute a high flow rate of an electrolyte solution laterally through the electrolyte chamber at a low pressure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a magnified cross sectional view of the fuel cell.    Hydrogen electrode (20)    Hydrogen electrode assembly (30)    Oxygen electrode (40)    Oxygen electrode assembly (50)    Electrolyte chamber (60)    Compression plate (70)
NOVELTY - Forming a microfluidic fuel cell package involves attaching one side of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) porous membrane to a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprising an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode by bonding one side of the PDMS porous membrane to the MEA or depositing onto one side of the porous membrane a thin film electrode electrolyte structure, and bonding the other side of the porous membrane to a microfluidic molded structure.    USE - The method is used for forming a microfluidic fuel cell package.    ADVANTAGE - PDMS provides an excellent surface for metallization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a microfluidic fuel cell system comprising:    (i) at least one fuel cell having an MEA (102) containing an anode (104), anode catalyst, an electrolyte (109) comprising a proton exchange membrane having a thickness of 5-50 mum and operating at most 200degreesC, cathode catalyst, and a cathode (110);    (ii) a microfluidic cell distribution structure (116) comprising at least one microfluidic channel connecting a reservoir containing fuel to the anode, where the fuel is distributed to the surface area of the anode by microfluidic fuel distribution channels;    (iii) at least one resistive heating element (106) to control the temperature of the MEA;    (iv) at least one electrical isolation layer (108) above the resistive heating element;    (v) at least one feedthrough electrical connection to extract electrical power generated by the fuel cell; and    (vi) a microporous anode support layer connected to the microfluidic fuel distribution channels.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an expanded 3-dimensional layout of a microfluidic system.    MEA (102)    Anode (104)    Resistive heating element (106)    Electrical isolation layer (108)    Electrolyte (109)    Cathode (110)    Microfluidic cell distribution structure (116)
NOVELTY - Production of fuel cell separators (1) involves shaping a composition primarily comprising a metal oxide, an electrically conductive powder, and a binder to form a shaped body; coating and impregnating the shaped body with a hydrophilic resin; and curing the hydrophilic resin.    USE - The method is used for producing fuel cell separators, particularly useful in a solid polymer fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides fuel cell separators which are highly hydrophilic and undergo little leaching of substances that inhibit electrical power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solid polymer fuel cell comprising stacked unit cells, each comprising a solid polymer membrane, a pair of electrodes disposed on either side of the polymer membrane, and a pair of separators disposed on either side of the pair of electrodes to form gas supplying and removing channels.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a perspective view of a fuel cell separator.    Molded body (1')    Fuel cell separators (1)    Ribs (1a)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a first gas diffusion layer (44), a second gas diffusion layer (46), an electrolyte (56) between the first and second gas diffusion layers, a first catalyst layer between the electrolyte and first gas diffusion layer, a first non-electrolytic layer (42) between the first catalyst layer and the first gas diffusion layer, and a second catalyst layer between the electrolyte and the second gas diffusion layer.    USE - For converting chemical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has good resistance to membrane degradation and/or good handling of condensed water, e.g. good dispersion or low absorption of water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a fuel cell system comprising contacting a first gas with a first non-electrolytic layer contained in a first fuel cell, and contacting the first gas with a first catalyst layer contained in the first fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial schematic diagram of a fuel cell.    Non-electrolytic layer (42)    Gas diffusion layers (44, 46)    Cathode (52)    Anode (54)    Electrolyte (56)
NOVELTY - An interpenetrating network solid polymer electrolyte comprises branched siloxane polymer(s) having poly(alkylene oxide) branch as side chain, crosslinking agent(s), monofunctional monomeric compound(s) for controlling crosslinking density, metal salt(s), and radical reaction initiator(s).    USE - For electrochemical cell, e.g. lithium ion rechargeable cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an electrochemical cell having extremely high cycle life and electrochemical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for preparing the interpenetrating network polymer electrolyte comprising dissolving lithium salt and radical initiator in branched siloxane polymer, mixing crosslinking agent(s) and monomeric compound with the resulting mixture, casting the resulting mixture into substrate, and placing the cast liquid film in over or heating medium for solidification;    (b) a lithium ion rechargeable cell comprising lithium metal to lithium alloy anode, solid polymer electrolyte, and metal oxide cathode; and    (c) a method for assembling a lithium rechargeable cell with solid polymer electrolyte comprising coating branched siloxane polymer into surfaces of porous supporter, cathode laminate, and anode laminate, curing the precursor solution to make solid polymer electrolyte, stacking each components including porous supporter, cathode laminate, and anode laminate, winding or folding the stacked components to prepare spiral wound cell or prismatic cell, and packaging the cell in metal can, plastic pouch, or foil-plastic laminated pouch.
NOVELTY - An aromatic polymer comprises aromatic ring in main chain, and super strong acid group in side chain.    USE - For polymer electrolyte used in polymer electrolyte membrane and fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention shows excellent characteristics as proton conductive membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing aromatic polymer comprising reacting polymer of formula -(A-Z)m-(A-Z')n- with compound of formula E-D or E-D'.    A = (4a)-(4d);    Z = group that reacts with E to form Z.
NOVELTY - A solar cell module comprises first protective layer, moisture-proof second protective layer, solar cells (2) sealed between first and second protective layers, and insulating resin sheet placed between second protective layer and solar cells.    USE - Mounting on roof of house for photovoltaic power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures high insulation performance, improves withstand voltage performance and improves reliability in long term use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section of a solar cell module.    Solar cells (2)    Protrusion (2a)
NOVELTY - A fluorine group copolymer-containing composition comprises perfluoro copolymer (100 mass parts) containing repeating units (1-3), and a liquid fluoro oligoether (10-10000 mass parts) having a degree of polymerization of 6-100.    USE - As manufacturing raw material for fluorine-containing cation exchange membrane, gas diffusion electrode, membrane-electrode contact material, diaphragm for electrolysis, and diaphragm for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fluorine group copolymer-containing composition has high strength which endures the stress during handling, and reinforcement which achieves high durability. Since the perfluoro copolymer contains a non-electrolyte SO2F type functional group, the composition is excellent in melt molding workability. The bonding strength between resin and base material is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fluorine group copolymer-containing composition comprises perfluoro copolymer (100 mass parts) containing repeating units of formulae (1-3), and a liquid fluoro oligoether (10-10000 mass parts) having a degree of polymerization of 6-100. The oligoether consists of repeating unit(s) of formula (4). The molar ratio of repeating unit (1) is 2-20 mol, that of repeating unit (2) is 1 mol, and that of repeating unit (3) is 0.001-1 mol.    n, p = 0-2;    m, q = 1-4;    R = H, or (un)substituted hydrocarbon; and    Rf = 1-4C perfluoroalkylene.
NOVELTY - High-voltage pulse is applied between a discharge electrode and a counter electrode, and corona discharge is generated between electrodes. Micro through-hole of pore size 1-50 micrometers is formed continuously at a fine porous film in discharge atmosphere.    USE - For non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and as a separator of the rechargeable lithium-ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides fine porous film with sufficient productivity.
NOVELTY - A gel-form lead alloy welding flux contains phosphoric acid type compound as a main component, lipophilic solidification agent and an emulsifier.    USE - Lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The lead alloy welding flux has excellent weldability and can be handled easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lead storage battery which contains lead alloy welding flux.
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer having (meth)acrylate group with a solute of lithium salt containing fluorine. The electrolyte contains non-cyclic structural acid anhydride.    USE - For electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary prevents corrosion inside the battery, and suppresses production of fluorine ion during polymerization of the monomer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains a polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer having (meth)acrylate group with a solute of lithium salt containing fluorine. The electrolyte contains non-cyclic structural acid anhydride of formula (1).    R1, R2 = organic group without unsaturated bond.
NOVELTY - The solar cell module has several solar cells (1) connected in series using adhesive resin sealing agent (4). The periphery of a weather resistance protective layer (40) comprising organic polymers, a surface protection layer (2), and a reverse side protection layer (3), that surround the adhesive resin sealing agent, form an identical flat surface in the side surface (30) of the module.    USE - Solar cell module installed in roof, window of residence, commercial building, for electric power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The penetration of moisture content through the periphery of solar cell module is prevented, and the stability is improved, without generating products such as corrosive acetic acid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional side view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (1)    Surface protection layer (2)    Reverse side protection layer (3)    Adhesive resin sealing agent (4)    Side surface of solar cell module (30)    Weather resistance protective layer (40)
NOVELTY - The protective film (1) is formed on a solar cell (2). An uneven structure layer (3) with height of 0.1 nm-500 micro m, is formed on the protective film. A pollution protection layer is formed on the protective film.    USE - Protective film for solar cell e.g. amorphous type solar cell, compound semiconductor type solar cell, pigment sensitizing solar cell, organic semiconductor solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides solar cells with high conversion efficiency, while light resistance property, light intensity property and short circuit current are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    protective film (1)    solar cell (2)    uneven structure (3)
NOVELTY - The nickel-cadmium battery housing is equipped with a temperature detector for detecting internal temperature of the housing. A buzzer (29) or lamp (30) in the housing, provides a warning signal based on detected temperature, so that charging or discharging of a battery is not performed above a predetermined temperature.    USE - Portable electric power device incorporating nickel-cadmium battery, used in high temperature environment such as in car, train.    ADVANTAGE - Enables battery cooling at appropriate time, as charging or discharging is stopped when temperature exceeds predetermined value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of the portable electric power device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Housing (11)    Temperature detector (15)    Buzzer (29)    Lamp (30)
NOVELTY - A hot disc (101) heats the photovoltaic cell (102) held on the disc through support pillars (106), and the collector electrode (103) arranged on the cell (102). A pressure plate (104) pressurizes from the electrode (103) side, so that the electrode (103) is interlocked with the cell (102).    USE - For heat crimping photovoltaic cell and collector electrode used for solar cell, foodstuff packing, label, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Heat conduction control to the photovoltaic cell and collector electrode is performed easily. High quality product is manufactured stably, thereby yield is increased. Safety with respect to working efficiency and an operator is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the heat crimp apparatus.    hot disc (101)    photovoltaic cell (102)    collector electrode (103)    support pillars (106)
NOVELTY - Generation of electricity from fuel cells includes: (a) combining water vapor with biomass to form a gaseous mixture; (b) subjecting the gaseous mixture to air to react within the fuel cells to generate electricity and create waste heat; and (c) using waste heat to vaporize water to produce water vapor (preferably superheated steam) for gasification of biomass. Gasification of biomass provides energy to fuel cells to generate electricity.    USE - Generating electricity from fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generation of electricity from fuel cells includes:    (a) providing fuel cells, biomass and water vapor;    (b) combining water vapor with biomass for gasification of biomass to form a gaseous mixture containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and organic compounds subject to reforming;    (c) subjecting the gaseous mixture to air to react within the fuel cells to generate electricity and exothermic heat, and create waste heat; and    (d) using waste heat to vaporize water to produce water vapor (preferably superheated steam) for gasification of biomass.    Gasification of biomass provides energy to fuel cells to generate electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The flow sheet shows generation of electricity from fuel cells.
NOVELTY - The pregel electrolytic solution comprising electrolyte liquid, polymerizable compound, polymerization initiator and surfactant is impregnated into flat plate battery laminate (1') stored in packing component (PC) and maintained at reduced pressure by injecting electrolytic solution on laminate. Impregnated solution is gelatinized by heating PC to obtain lithium polymer secondary battery.    USE - Manufacturing lithium polymer secondary battery for camcorder apparatus, audio apparatus, portable computer and mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing process enables lithium polymer secondary battery having excellent initial stage capacitance and cycle property to be formed with improved productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pregel electrolytic solution comprising electrolyte liquid, polymerizable compound, polymerization initiator and surfactant is impregnated into a flat plate battery laminate (1') that is stored in a packing component and maintained at reduced pressure by injecting the electrolytic solution on the laminate. The impregnated solution is gelatinized by heating the packing component to obtain a lithium polymer secondary battery. The laminate (1') has flat anode (2), flat cathode (3) and multiply laminated unit battery laminate (1) formed by impregnating gel-form electrolyte into flat separator (4) interposed between the anode and the cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flat plate battery laminate.    Unit battery laminate (1)    Flat plate battery laminate (1')    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Separator (4)
NOVELTY - The lithium ionic conductive gel form electrolyte contains polymer, lithium salt and an organic solvent. The polymer is a copolymer of polyfunctional salt monomer having ionic interaction and comprising three or more polymerizable functional groups, and acrylate and/or methacrylic ester.    USE - For battery, electrical double layer capacitor and electrochemical device material.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity even at low temperature.
NOVELTY - The carrier plate (10) for area heating pipes (30) comprises a plurality of connected division walls (14) forming hollow spaces, and a layer (20) of insulating material (18) which at least partially fills these hollow spaces.    USE - In particular, for retrofit floor heating systems.    ADVANTAGE - The carrier plate has a high load-carrying capacity in spite of its relatively moderate thickness governed by a limited height available for its installation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross section of the proposed carrier plate.    Bottom plate (12)    Division walls (14)    Insulating material (18)    Grooves (28)    Area heating pipes (30)    Foil (32)
NOVELTY - This invention relates to a preparation method for dye sensitization nanometer film solar cell electrode in which the solar cell includes three layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - This invention relates to a preparation method for dye sensitization nm film solar cell electrode in which the solar cell includes the following three layers; the first is to deposit a layer of broadband gap semiconductor porous film with silk-screen printing or other film forming method on a glass substrate coated with transparent conductive film, the said semiconductor layer is for absorbing photosensitizer, the second is an electrolyte layer, the third is a transparent conductive glass coated with catalyst, coating metal powder and other high-molecular binder mixed slurry to the solidified to process 2 metal electrode silk-screen printing, extrusion or insertion method on the first or third layer.
NOVELTY - Molding material for polymeric solid electrolytes comprises a polyether polymer of water content 400-5000 weight ppm.    USE - Used in the production of cathode films and ion conductive electrolytes for lithium cells. The polyether polymer is used in the production of solid electrolytes, static prevention agents, rubber rolls for spinning, rubber rolls for office automation equipment, water barrier seals, packing etc.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte molding has excellent ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, and moldings are obtained which have a smooth surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) the polymeric solid electrolyte molding formed by mixing the molding material and the electrolyte salt compound and shaping; (2) the manufacture of the molding by mixing the polymeric solid electrolyte molding material and an electrolyte salt compound which is soluble in the polymer; (3) a polyether polymer having a water content of 400-5000 weight ppm and a toluene insolubles of at most5 weight%; (4) the manufacture of the polyether polymer by ring opening polymerization of an oxirane compound, stopping the polymerization reaction so the water content is controlled to at most 0.04 weight% in the obtained polymer, and removing the solvent; and (5) the polymeric solid electrolyte containing the polyether polymer and the electrolyte salt compound soluble in the polymer.
NOVELTY - An aqueous liquid contact rubber part comprises a contact portion with the aqueous liquid being made of a rubber vulcanizate having a volume resistivity of at least1010 OMEGA-cm. The rubber vulcanizate is made of a peroxide vulcanized rubber composition containing an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer as a raw rubber and a carbon black as a reinforcing filler.    USE - The aqueous liquid contact rubber part is a coolant transporting-hose for a fuel cell-powered electric vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention easily suppresses an increase in specific conductivity when immersed in the aqueous liquid. It becomes more secure to obtain an aqueous liquid contact rubber part which has far higher resistance to electric current and which causes less dissolution of the electrolyte component into the liquid to be contacted when applied to the coolant-transporting hose. The invention prevents the occurrence of electric leakage (stray current) in the vehicle and also deterioration of the coolant-transporting hose caused by the increase in specific conductivity of the aqueous liquid. The occurrence of problems of the fuel cell system can be suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An aqueous liquid contact rubber part comprises a contact portion with the aqueous liquid being made of a rubber vulcanizate having a volume resistivity of at least1010 OMEGA-cm. The rubber vulcanizate is made of a peroxide vulcanized rubber composition containing an ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer as a raw rubber and a carbon black as a reinforcing filler. The carbon black has an iodine absorption amount of 10-20 mg/g and a DBP oil absorption amount of 110-140 cm3/100 g. The amount of the carbon black is 18-32 wt.%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial sectional view of a coolant-transporting hose for a fuel cell-powered electric vehicle.    Inner tube layer (12)    Outer tube layer (13)    Reinforcing layer (14)    Internal space (15)
NOVELTY - Making a membrane electrode assembly includes: (a) mixing metal catalyst with pure water, perfluorinated polymer ionomer and polar organic solvent to obtain a catalyst layer-forming composition; (b) coating a diffusion layer (13, 13') formed on electrode support with the composition; (c) drying to form a catalyst layer (12, 12') to form a cathode (16) and anode (15), respectively; and (d) interposing electrolyte membrane (11) between the anode and cathode.    USE - Making membrane electrode assembly (claimed) useful in fuel cell e.g. direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane electrode assembly can produce stable catalyst layer by maintaining metal catalyst in inactivated state. The fuel cell incorporating the catalyst has improved performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section of the membrane electrode assembly.    Electrolyte membrane (11)    Catalyst layer (12, 12')    Diffusion layer (13, 13')    Anode (15)    Cathode (16)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system comprises a steam reformer, a water vaporizer for producing steam for the reformer and having a heating side downstream from a heating side of the reformer, and a combustion zone for supplying a hot gas to the heating side of the reformer. The heating sides of the reformer and of the reformer each include flow paths between a pair of faces. The length and width of the faces is greater than the distance between the faces.    USE - To produce hydrogen for fuel cell system (claimed), useful in vehicles or as portable generators, auxiliary power units (APU) or backup power supplies.    ADVANTAGE - A rapid cold start can be achieved in under 30 seconds with an amount of 4% of electrical power consumption, removing impediments to use in automotive fuel cell application. The greater temperature driving force with the reduced velocity on the combustion gas side reduces the airflow volume and pressure requirement during startup.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for ;    A) A fluid processing device/mixing device for mixing two fluid streams; and    B) A method of using the above system in a fuel cell, where the mass flow rate of combustion gas through the heating side during start-up is at least five times that during operating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the reforming subsystem of the fuel cell system, as above.
NOVELTY - Dye is added into the methanol/water fuel and is removed by a filter cartridge (20) provided at the up-stream side of a cell stack (4). The carbon powder and odorizing agent such as ester of carboxylic acid, C1-C4 alcohol or ether between C1-C4 alkyl group and preservatives such as oxygen-containing organic aromatic preservatives or inorganic preservatives are added into the fuel.    USE - For direct methanol type fuel cell used for portable electronic device e.g. mobile telephone, video camera and notebook-type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Additives and impurity in the fuel are removed simply. Prevents putrefaction of fuel. Prevents generation of micro organisms such as bacteria by adding preservatives. Prevents generation of bad smell from the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel for the liquid fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of direct methanol type fuel cell.    cell stack (4)    fuel tank (6)    methanol tank (8)    drainage-liquid tank (10)    filter cartridge (20)
NOVELTY - Receiving high purity silicon powder by chemical processing includes carbothermical reduction of quartzite and processing with the inorganic acid water solution. The initial material -quartzite is processed with inorganic acid and the reduction process includes silicon fining with the mixture of silicon oxide and calcium fluoride in the ratio of 2:1 and 5-50% of the reducing agent's charge in number.    USE - For receiving high purity silicon powder by chemical processing, which can be used for the production of solar cell and silicon hydride.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows increasing the target product's purity (e.g. silicon powder purity) and its activity during reduction and chemical processing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Receiving high purity silicon powder by chemical processing includes carbothermical reduction of quartzite and processing with the inorganic acid water solution. The initial material -quartzite is processed with inorganic acid and the reduction process includes silicon fining with the mixture of silicon oxide (SiO2) and calcium fluoride in the ratio of 2:1 and 5-50% of the reducing agent's charge in number. Aluminum is used as the reducing agent and furnace is the base material (sic) of SiO2 x calcium oxide (CaO) at the mass ratio of 1:3-6. In case of need to increase the range of silicon activity, alkali and alkaline-earth materials are additionally put into furnace materials during the reduction by 5-60% of the reducing agent's charge.
NOVELTY - Catalyst layer comprising (un)supported catalyst particles and an acidic ion-exchange polymer is produced using a catalyst paste containing a (co)polymer (I) comprising basic monomer units with a nitrogen-containing ring system in an amount of 0.1-3% by weight of the dried catalyst layer.    USE - The catalyst layer is useful in fuel cells, especially on the anode diffusion layer.    ADVANTAGE - The paste is thick enough to be applied by doctor application or screen printing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for producing a catalyst layer on a substrate by adding    (I) to a mixture of (un)supported catalyst particles and an acidic ion-exchange polymer in an amount of 0.1-3% by weight of the dried catalyst layer and homogenizing the mixture to form a paste with a viscosity above 100 mPas, and applying the paste to the substrate.
NOVELTY - A mesoporous material comprises a network of interconnected pores within an L3 phase structure. The pores include pore walls of a silicate material functionalized with metal cation(s).    USE - For use in an article, e.g. opto-electronic device, separation filter, biomolecular sensor, fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides selected, functional sites in a number of locations within the structural network and maintains the physical integrity of the mesoporous structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for preparing a mesoporous material by combining solvent(s), surfactant(s) for L3 phase formation and optionally catalyst(s) to form a surfactant L3 phase; combining the surfactant L3 phase with metal cation precursor(s) to functionalize the phase with the metal cation; and combining the functionalized surfactant L3 phase with resin precursor(s) to form the mesoporous material.
NOVELTY - A vapor-liquid separator (43) separates the hydrogen from fuel generated in the fuel electrode chamber of borohydrido fuel cell (2), and supplies the separated hydrogen to the fuel electrode chamber of hydrogen fuel cell (3).    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen produced in the fuel electrode chamber of borohydrido fuel cell is separated and used as hydrogen fuel cell, the need for a hydrogen generator is eliminated. Also the load of processing of hydrogen ejected from the borohydrido fuel cell is reduced. Thus energy required for driving the fuel cell is reduced and operational efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Borohydrido fuel cell (2)    Hydrogen fuel cell (3)    Fuel electrodes (21, 31)    Oxidizing agent electrodes (22, 32)    Vapor-liquid separator (43)
NOVELTY - The alloy having niobium, zirconium and iron, has composition in a region surrounded by line segment AB, line segment BC, line segment CD, line segment DE, line segment EF and line segment FA, in triangular coordinate. The points A-F represent (0.6, 0, 0.4), (0.2, 0.2, 0.6), (0,0.4, 0.6), (0, 0.85, 0.15), (0.45, 0.5, 0.05) and (0.95, 0,0.05), respectively.    USE - For hydrogen accumulation for hydrogen fuel for vehicles and hydrogen supply source of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Discharge of hydrogen from the alloy at room temperature to 200 degreesC, is suppressed. The alloy absorbs hydrogen gas without performing activation process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The alloy having niobium, zirconium and iron, has composition in a region surrounded by line segment AB, line segment BC, line segment CD, line segment DE, line segment EF and line segment FA, in triangular coordinate given by the figure. The points A-F represent (0.6, 0, 0.4), (0.2, 0.2, 0.6), (0, 0.4, 0.6), (0, 0.85, 0.15), (0.45, 0.5, 0.05) and (0.95, 0, 0.05), respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen storage area of the alloy having niobium, zirconium and iron. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material contains a carbon type material, at least a portion of which contains a metal or alloy selected from platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, copper, silver, gold, zinc and chromium.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed), as secondary batteries for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Occlusion of hydrogen of high capacity is achieved even at temperature of 25-100degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell comprising the hydrogen storage material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the adsorption characteristics of hydrogen storage material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A groove (16) is provided at the intersection region of grooves (14,15) which are formed at up and down direction and left and right direction of separator. The groove is coupled directly to the external surface of the separator.    USE - Liquid fuel cell using methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and dimethyl ether added to water is used for portable electronic device e.g. mobile telephone, video camera, notebook type personal computer (PC).    ADVANTAGE - Enables to supply air to a positive electrode easily and efficiently and increases the power density of fuel cell. Also prevents deformation of micro electrode array (MEA) packing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of positive electrode surface of separator.    Positive electrode surface (12)    Grooves (14-16)    Concave portion (26)
NOVELTY - The fuel tank (6) and exhausted fuel tank (8) are arranged at the upper and lower sides of a cell stack (4). The supply holes (16, 18) are provided at fuel tank and exhausted fuel tank so as to connect with supply hole (12) of cell stack.    USE - Liquid-fuel form fuel cell such as methanol type fuel cell, ethanol type fuel cell, isopropanol type fuel cell, butanol type fuel cell and dimethyl ether type fuel cell used as power supply of portable electronic device such as mobile telephone, video camera and notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The air and fuel can be supplied to the air and fuel electrode easily by connecting supply holes provided at fuel tank, exhausted fuel tank and cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a methanol type fuel cell.    Fuel cell housing (2)    Cell stack (4)    Fuel tank (6)    Exhausted fuel tank (8)    Supply holes (12, 16, 18)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electric power generation system has a fuel cell (3), and a heat-retaining tank (5) having burner (4). Bio-hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell. The exhaust gas containing unreacted hydrogen after generating electric power in fuel cell, is supplied to the burner (4) as a heat source.    USE - For generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell electric power generation system is eco-friendly, and utilizes energy effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Organic acid (1)    Enzyme (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Burner (4)    Heat-retaining tank (5)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) has modification portion (20), gas passageway (40) and fuel cell main component (30). The fuel cell main component contains oxidizing agent electrode (33) and reformed gas to fuel electrode (32). The gas passageway makes modification portion circulate through at least one portion of exhaust gas containing hydrogen emitted from fuel electrode side, when fuel cell main component is in driven state.    USE - As power supply of portable electronic device such as notebook computer, electronic office equipment, audiovisual apparatus and radio apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system improves the conversion ratio of modification reaction of raw material and productivity of hydrogen. The size of the modifier is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system has modification portion which modifies raw material containing hydrogen to produce reformed gas, gas passageway for circulation, and fuel cell main component. The fuel cell main component generates electric power by supplying oxidizing agent gas containing oxygen to oxidizing agent electrode and reformed gas to fuel electrode. The gas passageway makes modification portion circulate through at least one portion of exhaust gas containing hydrogen emitted from fuel electrode side, when fuel cell main component is in driven state.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the rough block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell system (1)    Modification portion (20)    Fuel cell main component (30)    Fuel electrode (32)    Oxidizing agent electrode (33)    Gas passageway (40)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen purification apparatus oxidizes a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by oxygen, in the presence of a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst, and reduces carbon monoxide. The upper portion of the oxidation catalyst is maintained at 200-350degreesC. The oxidation catalyst contains platinum-rhodium mixture or platinum-rhodium alloy supported by an oxide support.    USE - For purifying hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen purification apparatus effectively reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas containing hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) method for operating the hydrogen purification apparatus, which involves sending air to the oxidation catalyst at 100degreesC or more, during stopping of the hydrogen purification apparatus; and    (2) manufacture of carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst, which involves making an oxide support to support metal particle containing platinum and rhodium, using colloidal solution containing an organic compound covering the metal particle, and baking the support.
NOVELTY - A treatment tank (10) has a dehydrogenation chamber (101) at which hydrogen derivative is reacted with heated dehydrogenation catalyst to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is collected in liquefying collection chamber (102) through a hydrogen-permeation partition plate (135). The vaporized hydrogen is collected in hydrogen collection chamber (103) maintained at lower pressure than chamber (102) through a pump (132).    USE - For producing hydrogen from hydrogen derivatives such as cyclohexane and benzene, for fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables producing high-purity hydrogen efficiently and easily, without increasing the size and weight of the hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Treatment tank (10)    Dehydrogenation chamber (101)    Liquefying collection chamber (102)    Hydrogen collection chamber (103)    Pump (132)    Partition plate (135)
NOVELTY - The water vapor is mixed to raw hydrocarbon for generating a gas containing hydrogen, after desulfurization of the hydrocarbon. The temperature of a modification portion (13) is increased by supplying air and raw hydrocarbon. The supply amount of air is reduced gradually and is stopped, when supplying water vapor into the modification portion. The generated gas is purified in a PSA unit (17).    USE - For starting hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for supplying hydrogen to fuel cell used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enables sufficient combustion of the raw hydrocarbon by supplying air. The size of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is reduced and the modification efficiency is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The raw hydrocarbon is oxidized by supplying air into the modification portion. A modifier (14) heats the modification portion externally. The hydrocarbon is supplied into the modifier before supplying into the modification portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    desulfurizing portion (12)    modification portion (13)    modifier (14)    gas modification portion (15)    PSA unit (17)
NOVELTY - Pigment-sensitized solar cell has a porous semiconductor layer (3) which absorbs pigment, provided between a transparent conductive-material film (2) and an electroconductive support (13), formed on a surface of a transparent support (1), and a gel-electrolyte. The gel-electrolyte contains a polymer compound dissolved in a solvent having dielectric constant of 25-90. Layer (3) absorbs pigment.    USE - As pigment-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment-sensitized solar cell has excellent porosity, stability, permeability, contact property of electrode and electrolyte, effective ion concentration and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and prevents generation of short-circuit current density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the manufacturing method of pigment-sensitized solar cell using gel electrolyte.    transparent support (1)    transparent conductive-material film (2)    porous semiconductor layer (3)    separator (4)    electroconductive support (13)
NOVELTY - A positive electrode (21), partition plate (32), separator (23), negative electrode (22) and partition plate (23) are wound sequentially on coil roll. The center axis of the coil roll is inclined to +/- 90 degrees from horizontal direction so as to incline the positive electrode during winding.    USE - For manufacturing secondary battery used in headphones stereo, video recorder, liquid crystal television, portable compact disk (CD) player, mini disk (MD) player, notebook computer, laptop computer, camcorder, mobile telephone, electric shaver, transceiver, electronic notebook, calculator, radio, toy, game machine, clock and pacemaker. Also for use with solar cell and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Realizes battery with high storage capacity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the secondary battery manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Positive electrode (21)    Negative electrode (22)    Separator (23)    Coil roll (31)    Partition plate (32)
NOVELTY - Several hydrogen reservoirs (11-14) equipped with hydrogen occlusion alloy (MH1-MH4) of differing storage pressure are serially arranged. The hydrogen from a modifier (2) is made to pass from the low pressure reservoir (11) to the high pressure reservoir using flow paths (31-33). Several flow paths (34-38) with respective valves (V4-V7) connects each hydrogen reservoir and a pressurized hydrogen tank (50).    USE - For filling hydrogen in pressurized hydrogen tank mounted on fuel cell equipped vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since several reservoirs are used, volume of the reservoir is reduced and hydrogen packing apparatus is made small and therefore installation space is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A controller control the valve according to the residual amount information or the filling time information of the pressurized hydrogen tank. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the hydrogen filling method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen filling apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (2)    Hydrogen reservoirs (11-14)    Flow paths (31-38)    Hydrogen tank (500)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy (MH1-MH4)    Valves (V4-V7)
NOVELTY - The catalyst contains copper oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide as essential components, and manganese dioxide as arbitrary component. The catalyst is bake-processed at 500-650 degrees C.    USE - For high-temperature CO shift reaction used for manufacturing carbon dioxide and hydrogen (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity in high-temperature CO shift reaction. Therefore, the CO shift reaction is implemented industrially to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide by reacting carbon monoxide with water vapor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) high-temperature carbon monoxide (CO) shift reaction using the catalyst; and    (2) manufacture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in presence of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - The integrated solar cell (10) has a substrate (11) having an insulating layer (11b) on a base (11a), and several unit cells (15) formed and connected in series on the layer (11b). The cell (15) contains a semiconductor layer (13) having group Ib, group IIIb and group IVb elements. Layer (13) acts as optical absorption layer. Layer (11b) is obtained by thermal oxidation of base containing iron, chromium and aluminum.    USE - As integrated solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The integrated solar cell has high general purpose, and is manufactured easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of integrated solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the sectional drawing of manufacture of integrated solar cell.    integrated solar cell (10)    substrate (11)    base (11a)    insulating layer (11b)    semiconductor layer (13)    unit cell (15)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has heat pipe (2) formed in the shape of loop by connecting gas interconnecting tube (11) and liquid feed pipe (12) with liquid storage container (10) and evaporation portion (6). A solenoid valve (13) is provided at the gas interconnecting tube and a flow path controlling valve (14) is formed so that the flow path resistance is changed according to the flow direction of liquid in feed pipe.    USE - Solar power generation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to reliably control the temperature of the solar cell panel. Maintains the electric power generation efficiency and provides the solar power generation apparatus with reduced energy losses.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the profile of the solar power generation apparatus.    Solar cell panel (1)    Heat pipe (2)    Evaporation portion (6)    Liquid storage container (10)    Gas interconnecting tube (11)    Liquid feed pipe (12)    Solenoid valve (13)    Flow path controlling valve (14)
NOVELTY - The module has a trapezoidal lead terminal (27) whose bent ends are fixed to back surface of lateral electrode (10a). The protruding portion of the terminal projects towards an opening (20a) in a reinforcement board (20).    USE - Solar cell module installed in roof of wooden house.    ADVANTAGE - A reliable and convenient module can be realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    lateral electrode (10a)    reinforcement board (20)    opening (20a)    lead terminal (27)    lead wire (28)
NOVELTY - A solar energy power generation module (14) has a solar cell module (12) comprising multiple thin film solar cells (11) which are connected in series. An inverter (13) converts the direct current outputs from the solar cell module into alternating current and outputs converted alternating current.    USE - Solar energy power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables outputting alternating current without voltage rise unit efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side and rear views and block diagram of the solar energy power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thin film solar cell (11)    Solar cell module (12)    Inverter (13)    Solar energy power generation module (14)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has a glass substrate on which transparent electroconductive film oxide film, photoelectric conversion layer and reverse-side electrode layer are formed sequentially. Photoelectric conversion layer contains p-layer, i-layer and n-layer. The boron concentration (11B+/30Si+) in portion or all of p-layer is decreased towards i-layer direction. The boron concentration in surface of p-layer and i-layer is 0.05 or less.    USE - As solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is excellent in output characteristics, and photoelectric conversion rate. Since the sheet resistance of reverse-side electrode layer is low, the curve factor of solar cell is maintained high. The light permeated to the photoelectric conversion layer is reflected in the reverse-side electrode layer, and short circuit current of solar cell is maintained high. The narrowing of band gap of p-layer is suppressed, and light permeability of p-layer is improved. The diffusion of boron contained in the p-layer to i-layer is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing the relationship between mixed ratio raw material mixed gas and film thickness of p-layers.
NOVELTY - A transparent conductive film is formed on a substrate (1). A replica layer with uneven surface is formed on the conductive film surface. A semiconductor film (3A) consisting of titanium oxide is formed on the uneven replica layer surface. The replica layer is removed by alkali treatment and baking process.    USE - For manufacturing pigment sensitization-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell excellent in electric-power generation property is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar cell manufacturing process.    Substrate (1)    Semiconductor film (3A)    Adsorption film (11)
NOVELTY - A polymer gel electrolyte consists of polyalkylene glycol (A) having number average molecular weight of 200-1000000, cyclic clathrate compound (B) having number average molecular weight of 500-10000 having more than one reactive functional group and multifunctional compound (C) having two or more functional groups that react with functional group of (B).    USE - Used for optoelectric transducer (claimed), secondary battery, primary battery, sensor material, electronic luminescent material, display material and pigment sensitized type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer gel electrolyte has high mechanical strength, ionic conductivity and flexible cross-linking structure. The impregnation of the iodine or lithium ion into polymer gel electrolyte enables the use of the polymer gel electrolyte for lithium secondary cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer obtained using the polymer gel electrolyte; and    (2) manufacture of polymer gel electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Porphyrinogen derivative is oxidized to obtain porphyrin compound. The amount of aldehyde (excluding formaldehyde) in the oxidation reaction pre-reaction liquid and/or oxidation reaction system is adjusted to 20 mol or less with respect to 1 mol of porphyrinogen derivative.    USE - The porphyrin compound is used as semiconductor material such as field effect transistor, light emitting diode, solar cell and optoelectronic device.    ADVANTAGE - The porphyrin compound has high purity, favorable electrical property, improved photoelectromotive force, high solubility and filming property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for porphyrin compound of formula (III). The amount of the porphyrin compound having substituent in the meso position is 0.36 mol% or less.    Q1-Q8 = univalent organic group, and at least one pair of Q1 and Q2, Q3 and Q4, Q5 and Q6 or Q7 and Q8 is united to form group of formula (II); and    M = hydrogen atom or metal coupled to another atom or atom group.
NOVELTY - Zirconium hydroxide has a BET surface area of more than 250 m2/g and has amorphous property in X-ray diffraction pattern.    USE - For molding products and as a catalyst or catalyst support (all claimed). It is also used as solid electrolyte, petroleum refining catalyst, automobile catalyst and in electronic components.    ADVANTAGE - Zirconium hydroxide has high specific surface area and purity, and is obtained economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of zirconium hydroxide which involves washing zirconium hydroxide or hydrated zirconia with water, so that the content of contamination ion is 3 mol% or less with respect to zirconium ion. The washed zirconium hydroxide is further cured;    (2) manufacture of zirconium oxide which involves calcining zirconium hydroxide at 400-1200 degrees C;    (3) molding product obtained by molding zirconium hydroxide or zirconium oxide under pressure; and    (4) use as catalyst or catalyst support.
NOVELTY - A partial-oxidation chamber (5) and a steam-reforming chamber (6) are adjacent, such that heat exchange takes place between them.    USE - For generating hydrogen for use in portable fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The novel generator suppresses temperature rise of the partial-oxidation chamber, and eliminates the need to use waste gas from the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure schematically shows the above hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel vaporization chamber (3)    partial-oxidation chamber (5)    steam-reforming chamber (6)    carbon monoxide oxidation treatment chamber (8)    hydrogen occlusion alloy tank (9)
NOVELTY - A modifier (1) converts fuel of a fuel tank (2) into a modified fuel. A pair of main valves (A,B) are arranged in a flow path connecting an evaporation unit (11) and the fuel tank. An auxiliary valve (C) is arranged in a flow path between the fuel cells (FC). A control unit (6) opens the main valves to return residual fuel from the modifier to the fuel tank, in stop mode of the fuel cell.    USE - For modification of raw material such as methanol into hydrogen-rich fuel used in fuel cell system (claimed) of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents freezing of modification of raw material in the cold condition and thereby early intermittent starting of the modification system is enabled. The residual fuel is supplied to the fuel tank reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cells generate electric power using the modified fuel. The main valves are opened and closed, based on the operating state of the fuel cells. The valves are opened when the fuel cells are in non-operating state and in stop mode of the vehicle, selectively.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the modification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    fuel tank (2)    control unit (6)    evaporation unit (11)    main valves (A,B)    auxiliary valve (C)    fuel cells (FC)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has substrates (2, 2') on which respective reactive gas passageways are formed. The cell has current collection layer, reaction layer, electrolyte film, another reaction layer and another current collection layer that are sequentially formed on substrate (2). The spacers (5a-5c) are provided at predetermined position between the substrates.    USE - For motor vehicle and electronic device (both claimed) such as mobile phone, personal handy phone system (PHS), notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable television and telephone apparatus. Also applicable for electronic devices having other functions such as data communication function, sound recording-and-reproducing function, game and dictionary.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the reactive gas leakage from peripheral portion of substrate, by providing the spacer between the substrates. The reaction efficiency of fuel cell is improved without reducing pressure of the reactive gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell manufacturing method;    (2) electronic device; and    (3) motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of fuel cell.    Substrates (2, 2')    Spacers (5a-5c)    Current collection layer, reaction layer and electrolyte film (7)
NOVELTY - Recovering gas containing ammonia and/or hydrogen sulfide from a methane containing gas production process and decomposing ammonia and/or hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen in decomposition process, where electric power is generated using hydrogen as fuel in fuel cell electric power generation process is new.    USE - The method is used for processing organic waste such as livestock farming waste and organic refuse to produce hydrogen which is subsequently used as fuel in fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process converts methane into hydrogen efficiently without causing reduction in electric power generation efficiency. The catalytic poisoning is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Processing organic waste containing methane as main component, comprising fermenting and/or thermally decomposing by an anaerobic condition to produce methane-containing gas, where the gas containing ammonia and/or hydrogen sulfide is recovered from the methane containing gas production process and ammonia and/or hydrogen sulfide are decomposed to produce hydrogen in decomposition process. Electric power is generated using hydrogen as fuel in fuel cell electric power generation process.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system, which has a methane fermentation apparatus (10) for collecting biogas containing ammonia and/or hydrogen sulfide, a reformer for decomposing methane to produce hydrogen, a decomposition device for decomposing ammonia and/or hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and an electric power generation apparatus (40) to generate electric power using hydrogen produced by reformer and decomposition device, as fuel in fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Methane fermentation apparatus (10)    Thermal decomposition apparatus (11)    Absorption tower (20)    Converter (30)    Electric power generating apparatus (40)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module comprises solar battery cells connected to one another by a wiring member containing a substance e.g. invar (2) and copper (1). The substance has a linear expansion coefficient closer to that of a crystalline semiconductor substrate e.g. silicon substrate constituting the battery cells, than copper. Copper has a lower electric resistance than that of the substance. The wiring member is a composite material containing the substance and copper.    USE - As a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - By using the wiring member that contains substance with a linear expansion coefficient close to that of the semiconductor substrate constituting the solar battery cell, the influence of the strain caused by the difference between the wiring member and the solar battery cell in thermal expansion and compression coefficient can be minimized in the wiring step that requires heating. As a result, the cracking of the solar battery cell can be reduced. The wire member containing copper lower in electric resistance than the substance in the composite material, prevents an inherent function (e.g. electric conductivity) of the wiring member as the conductor, from being extremely deteriorated. Hence, if an electric resistance of wiring member is increased by the substance, it can be reduced by including the copper. Since the wiring member is made of the composite material consisting of the substance and copper, the irregularity between them can be prevented and the wiring member can be easily handled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for manufacturing the solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a wiring member.    Copper (1)    Invar (2)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator (100) comprises a purifier configured to reduce a concentration of carbon monoxide contained in a reformed gas such that a mixture gas containing the reformed gas and oxidization gas flows through the purifier such that the mixture gas flows through a catalyst body within the purifier to allow the carbon monoxide and oxygen contained in the mixture gas to react with each other.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invented hydrogen generator is capable of quick start. The use of purifier enhances activity at low temperatures without degrading selectivity of the carbon monoxide oxidization reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen generator comprises a reformer configured to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide; gas supply portion configured to supply an oxidization gas containing oxygen; and purifier configured to reduce a concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas such that a mixture gas containing the reformed gas and the oxidization gas flows through said purifier such that the mixture gas flows through a catalyst body within the purifier to allow the carbon monoxide and the oxygen contained in the mixture gas to react with each other. The purifier has a first catalyst body that selectively oxidizes the carbon monoxide and a second catalyst body that is lower in carbon monoxide selectivity and lower in temperature of oxidization reaction than the first catalyst body. The second catalyst body is disposed in parallel with the first catalyst body or on a downstream side of the first catalyst body and adjacent the first catalyst body in a flow of the mixture gas.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of a construction of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell power generation portion (8)    Membrane (11)    Generator (100)
NOVELTY - Heat treatment is applied, in the presence of an inorganic additive.    USE - To concentrate noble metals from fluorine-containing fuel cell components. To recover noble metals from fuel cells, electrolysis cells and batteries (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Combination of fluorine with the inorganic additive, prevents its release, protecting the environment. This combination takes place simultaneously with enrichment of the valuable metal. The noble metal extraction process which follows, is not subjected to interference by fluorine. It is noted that in-situ binding of the hydrogen fluoride and fluorine released, takes place very readily, even with small quantities of the additive. The process is found to be rapid and almost quantitative, when e.g. CaCO3 is employed.
NOVELTY - Electrochemical etching process for removing foreign phases on the surface of a sulfide-containing chalcopyrite semiconductor in an aqueous electrolyte comprises applying a potential profile determining the potential progression to the working electrode in the positive potential region. The positive or negative displacement speed of the potential between a selected minimum and maximum value opposite the electrode, the temporary length of alternating intervals with a different and constant potential and the number of intervals depending on the foreign phases to be selectively removed can be varied. The aqueous electrolyte is a redox electrolyte with an acidic pH value.    USE - Used in the production of thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a highly toxic wet chemical etching process is not used.
NOVELTY - Gas generating system (1) has a feedback (7a) by which a part of a residual gas remaining after the unit (5) for selectively removing hydrogen is returned to the region before the unit for selectively removing hydrogen.    USE - For producing a hydrogen-containing gas from hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbon derivatives, especially gasoline or diesel for operating a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system is energy-efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the gas generating system.    gas generating system (1)    fuel cell (2)    reformer (3)    shifting unit (4)    unit for selectively removing hydrogen (5)    feedback (7a)
NOVELTY - The method involves using a cylindrical housing made up of carbon type gas occlusion material, which is attached with a nozzle. The outer surface of the cylindrical housing is covered with a gas barrier material. A fiber reinforced plastic layer is coated on the gas barrier material covered surface. Gas barrier material is resin which has gas barrier property and material selected from aluminum alloy group.    USE - For manufacturing gas cylinder such as hydrogen storage cylinder used in fuel cell equipped electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The gas cylinder is manufactured conveniently and with safety. The gas cylinder exhibits outstanding gas occlusion property and excels in pressure resistance. Enables discharging hydrogen gas stably with high occlusion rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) gas cylinder; and    (2) gas storage and release method.
NOVELTY - A coating composition comprises zinc carboxylate species, a liquid carrier and a dopant.    USE - For the formation of transparent conducting zinc oxide films useful in solar cells, flat panel display electrodes (Claimed), optical wave-guides, electromagnetic shielding, gas sensors, smart displays and low emissivity and electrochromic windows.    ADVANTAGE - The coating composition forms transparent films with high optical transparency and good electrical conductivity. The coating composition is stable with respect to hydrolysis, has low temperature thermal decomposition characteristics and is non-toxic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A coating composition comprises zinc carboxylate species of formula Zn(O2CAr)(O2CAr') (I), a liquid carrier and a dopant.    Ar,Ar' = optionally substituted groups.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) preparation of the coating comprising zinc oxide involving applying the coating composition to a substantially transparent substrate (S1) (preferably glass) by spin coating, dip coating, spraying, aerosol, pyrasol, misting, brushing, screen printing or ink-jet printing and heat treating the substrate at 200 - 600degreesC; and    (2) a flat-panel display electrode and a solar cell incorporating (S1).
NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises a shaped layer of patterned and irradiation cured photo-sensitive material.    USE - As fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is simple, inexpensive, and highly efficient. It can be operated without the need of a mechanical clamping structure. It has uniform pressure and velocity, minimize fluid dynamic losses, and boost high cell performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a bottom to top view of a backing layer with micro-channels.    Flow distribution channels (31-38)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system has a modifier, an air-conditioner presser (12) for supplying pressurized air to modifier, and a vapor-liquid separation unit. The modifier modifies an original fuel to a hydrogen-rich fuel gas. The vapor-liquid separation unit separates vapor and liquid of pressurized air supplied to modifier.    USE - For producing hydrogen-rich fuel gas, for use in fuel cells, such as solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell, alkaline electrolyte-type fuel cell, acidic electrolyte-type fuel cell, fused salt electrolyte-type fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell and phosphoric acid fuel cell used for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The novel fuel reforming system has improved efficiency, by effectively suppressing penetration of dew-condensed water into modifier by performing vapor-liquid separation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    air-conditioner presser (12)    filter (14)    thermal-type flow meter (17)    modifier (30)    evaporation portion (31)    modification portion (32)    carbon monoxide decreasing portion (33)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive joining material (14) contains a vehicle and current collection metal powder containing granule, inside grain and rough grain at a weight ratio of 1-2:2-4:4-7. The granule, inside grain and rough grain have particle size of 1 microns or less, 2-3 microns and 10 microns or more, respectively.    USE - For electrically joining electrode with structural component such as solid electrolyte fuel cell (claimed), water vapor electrolysis cell and nickel current collection board.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive joining material has improved sinterability, electroconductivity and airtightness. The nickel current collection board joined using the joining material has reduced volumetric shrinkage of nickel oxide without cracks even if heated at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid electrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid electrolyte fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electric power generation film (11)    Yttria stable zirconia (12)    Fuel lateral electrode (13a)    Oxygen lateral electrode (13b)    Electroconductive joining material (14)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has an anode (2) and a cathode (3) provided on either surface of an electrolyte film (7). The anode has catalyst layers (21,23,27) and a proton conduction film (22) interposed between the catalyst layers. A liquid fuel is supplied to the anode and an oxidizing agent gas is supplied to the cathode. The liquid fuel and oxidizing agent gas are reacted to generate electric power.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved proton electroconductivity and electric power generation efficiency. The crossover in cell unit of the fuel cell is suppressed. Since the amount of proton generation by oxidation of liquid fuel increases, the liquid fuel is efficiently utilized for electric power generation. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced in the catalyst layer are efficiently emitted outside.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline section of a cell unit of the fuel cell.    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Electrolyte film (7)    Catalyst layers (21,23,27)    Proton conduction film (22)
NOVELTY - A cover (8) made of aluminum or aluminum alloy is joined to a metal substrate (2) with raw material inlet and gas exhaust port, such that a fine groove portion (3) in the substrate is covered. A surface treatment layer (9) is formed in joint surface of the metal substrate.    USE - Micro reactor used for fuel cell for reforming raw materials e.g. methanol, commercial butane, natural gas, gasoline, oxygen for hydrogen manufacture used for direct power conversion in cogeneration system. Also used in motor vehicle or domestic distribution power supply, and for portable devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of micro reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the micro reactor.    micro reactor (1)    metal substrate (2)    fine groove portion (3)    insulation film (4)    electrode (6)    cover (8)    surface treatment layer (9)
NOVELTY - An apparatus includes an immersion mechanism (110) that immerses a number of sheets (1) to melt solutions (104A, 104B) in respective crucibles (103A, 103B). When the immersion mechanism uses one crucible, the addition of raw material, melting of added raw material, temperature control and stabilization of melt solution are performed in both the crucibles, simultaneously.    USE - Used for manufacturing a silicon thin-plate used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The productivity is improved and the manufacturing cost is reduced, by simultaneous operation with respect to the crucibles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon thin-plate manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the silicon thin-plate manufacturing apparatus.    sheet (1)    crucibles (103A,103B)    melt solutions (104A,104B)    immersion mechanism (110)
NOVELTY - Gas to be treated is circulated in a reaction chamber (132) while circulating sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the chamber. A direct current voltage is applied from a direct current power source (14), among the two poles of anode (41) and cathode (42) so as to remove carbon dioxide from the gas and to generate hydrogen gas.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas while removing carbon dioxide in waste gas such as sludge-digestion gas ejected from sewage works and foodstuff factory and fuel cell based vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces time and effort for arranging a connector for connecting direct current power source to each electrodes. Raises load of gas to-be-treated. Enables performing removal of carbon dioxide and generation of hydrogen gas reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of a gas treatment equipment and perspective view of anode and cathode supporting elements.    container (13)    direct current power source (14)    anode (41)    cathode (42)    reaction chamber (132)
NOVELTY - The current applied to the photoelectric converter e.g. solar cell is measured, during application of reverse bias voltage more than triple the value of release voltage of solar cell to an electroconductive board. The solar cell is evaluated, based on the measured current.    USE - For evaluating photoelectric converter e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to evaluate short circuit current and carrier loss in photoelectric converter conveniently and accurately. Hence photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graphical representation of current and voltage application in photoelectric converter. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The solar cell (10) has a sequential lamination of an insulating layer (12), an electrode layer (13), a multi-layer film (14) and a transparent electrode layer (15), on a stainless steel substrate (11) having an oxide layer (11a) at the main surface. The multi-layer film has a compound-semiconductor layer (14a) containing elements of Ib, IIIb and VIb group.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high efficiency, and is easily manufactured. The peeling of electrode film is prevented, due to provision of oxide layer between substrate and insulating layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell (10)    Stainless steel substrate (11)    Oxide layer (11a)    Insulating layer (12)    Electrode layers (13,15)    Multi-layer film (14)    Compound semiconductor layer (14a)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor device includes an insulation film formed on surface of semiconductor substrate (501) by baking a film formation liquid with silicon-hydrogen (Si-H) bonding in organic solvent such as Spin on Glass (SOG) liquid, applied to surface of substrate, at a temperature of 400-800 degrees C.    USE - E.g. solar cell (claimed), liquid crystal display element and integrated circuit (IC).    ADVANTAGE - Semiconductor device of high conversion efficiency is manufactured in short time, inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) semiconductor device manufacturing method; and    (b) solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    silicon substrate (501)    anti-reflective film (505)    hydrogenation silicon oxide film (506)    surface electrode (507)    reverse side electrode (508)
NOVELTY - A number of semiconductor layers having different conductivity types are stacked on a substrate (1). A semiconductor layer (4) is irradiated with continuous light ray. The amorphous layer is crystallized by cooling and the crystallized layer (4a) is used as a base layer for epitaxially growing crystal semiconductor layers (5, 6).    USE - For manufacturing crystal thin-film semiconductor device method e.g. solar cell and thin film transistor used in liquid crystal devices and thin-film optoelectric transducer.    ADVANTAGE - High quality crystal semiconductor layer whose particle size is very large can be grown epitaxially.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for crystal thin-film semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a crystal thin-film semiconductor device manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Silver thin film (2)    Zinc oxide film (3)    Crystalline silicon thin film of high concentration n-type (4a)    Crystalline silicon thin film (5, 6)
NOVELTY - The method involves applying dispersion liquid of semiconductor microparticles on a substrate and forming a porous semiconductor layer on electroconductive surface of a substrate, by performing thermofusion of semiconductor microparticles, using hot air.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor electrode for optoelectric transducer (claimed) e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to obtain electrode with favorable property, in short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer.
NOVELTY - The electrode substrate (1) has a transparent conductive layer (11) and a metal wiring layer (12) sequentially laminated on a surface of a base material (10). The metal wiring layer has multilayered structure of inner layer (13) and outer layer (14).    USE - For optoelectric transducer such as pigment sensitization solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrode substrate prevents short circuit in optoelectric transducer, suppresses leakage current and reduction of output characteristics, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of optoelectric transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The outer layer contains sulfur. The inner layer contains gold, silver, platinum, nickel and/or aluminum.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer; and    (2) pigment sensitization solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of an electrode substrate and optoelectric transducer.    Electrode substrate (1)    Base material (10)    Transparent conductive layer (11)    Metal wiring layer (12)    Inner layer (13)    Outer layer (14)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon group fuel is made into supercritical state. Portion(s) of the fuel is contacted with a modification catalyst (3a), and preliminary modification is performed. The fuel is then contacted with supercritical water or subcriticality water in the presence of a modification catalyst (6a) and is subjected to main modification, to obtain a reformed gas.    USE - For manufacturing reformed gas for fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The reformed gas with low content of carbon monoxide, is obtained efficiently and easily using simple apparatus. The reformed gas is inexpensive, and has high energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for reformed gas manufacturing apparatus having a fuel tank (1), main modification reaction device (6), wastewater material combustor (7) provided between the device (6) and a fuel cell (A), and preliminary modification reaction device (3). The tank (1) stores the hydrocarbon group fuel. The combustor (7) burns the wastewater material from fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of reformed gas manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel tank (1)    Preliminary modification reaction device (3)    Modification catalysts (3a,6a)    Main modification reaction device (6)    Wastewater material combustor (7)    Fuel cell (A)
NOVELTY - A catalyst consists of monolith support which supports a catalyst component. The catalyst component contains heat-resistant inorganic oxide supporting platinum group element and heat-resistant inorganic oxide.    USE - Carrying out partial oxidation of hydrocarbon from mixed gas containing oxygen and hydrocarbon-containing gas to manufacture hydrogen-containing gas (claimed) in fuel cell such as solid oxide or polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The fuel cell is used for cogeneration type private electric generator, thermal power station or distributed power station and electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Deterioration of the catalyst under high temperature is restricted and formation of carbon precipitate is suppressed. The catalyst is excellent in poisoning-proof property, activity and durability over a long period of time. A fuel cell using the catalyst has high energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of the catalyst, which involves contacting slurry of catalyst component containing heat-resistant inorganic oxide supporting platinum group element and heat-resistant inorganic oxide with a monolith support and baking; and    (2) manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas, which involves contacting hydrocarbon-containing gas and mixed gas including oxygen-containing gas with catalyst for partial oxidation, and carrying out partial oxidation of hydrocarbon to manufacture hydrogen-containing gas.
NOVELTY - A gasification recovery system of methane hydrate has base (30) installed in stratum under sea bottom. Base has supply unit (31), recovery unit (31), modification separation unit, return unit (32) and sending unit (21). Supply unit supplies warm water to methane hydrate existing in stratum. Recovery unit recovers methane gas from methane hydrate. Modification separation unit separates methane gas into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide.    USE - For recovery of methane hydrate.    ADVANTAGE - The gasification recovery system of methane hydrate improves ratio of energy required for decomposition, and recovered energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gasification recovery system of methane hydrate has a base (30) installed in stratum under sea bottom. The base has a supply unit (31), a recovery unit (31), a modification separation unit, a return unit (32) and a sending unit (21). The supply unit supplies warm water to methane hydrate existing in stratum. The recovery unit recovers methane gas from methane hydrate. The modification separation unit separates methane gas into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide. The sending unit supplies hydrogen gas into base. The return unit supplies carbon dioxide to methane hydrate. The heat source of warm water and methane gas is same.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a gas recovery system of methane hydrate.    Cables (1,2)    Pipe (3)    Marine base (20)    Hydrogen gas sending unit (compressor) (21)    Sea bottom base (30)    Methane hydrate recovery unit (mining pipe) (31)    Carbon dioxide return unit (injection tube) (32)
NOVELTY - The water treating unit has ion exchange resin container (212) containing mixed bed type ion exchange resin, and a water quality detection unit to detect water quality of at least one portion of purified water ejected from the container using pH indicating agent (214).    USE - For fuel cell electric power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The water treatment is simple and inexpensive. The fuel cell electric power generation system has excellent durability, and is operated stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    pump (211)    ion exchange resin container (212)    pH indicator (214)    purified water path (216)    water treatment unit (219)
NOVELTY - A curable fluoropolyether rubber composition comprises linear fluoropolyether compound having at least two alkenyl groups in a molecule and a perfluoropolyether structure in the backbone, organosilicon compound having at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms in a molecule, spherical silica having an average particle size of 0.05-2 mum, and hydrosilylation catalyst.    USE - The rubber composition is used in the manufacture of rubber article useful in automobiles, chemical plants, ink jet printers, semiconductor manufacturing lines, analytical or scientific instruments, medical equipment, aircraft or fuel cells. The rubber article may be a diaphragm, valve, O-ring, oil seal, gasket, packing, joint or face seal (all claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The incorporation of spherical silica increases the thermal conductivity of corresponding cured rubber. The rubber composition cures into a product having good solvent resistance, chemical resistance, weather resistance, mold release, water repellency, oil repellency and improved heat conduction.
NOVELTY - Storage and subsequent release of hydrogen includes contacting hydrogen with an extended pi-conjugated substrate and a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions to effect storage of hydrogen by forming at least partially hydrogenated extended pi-conjugated substrate; and contacting the hydrogenated substrate under dehydrogenation conditions with a dehydrogenation catalyst to release hydrogen from the hydrogenated substrate.    USE - For the storage and subsequent release of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the extended or large pi-conjugated substrates is that the substrates and their hydrogenated derivatives are far less volatile, thus precluding the need for a separate unit operation for totally separating these from the product hydrogen thus greatly simplifying the overall hydrogen storage equipment and its process of operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Storage and subsequent release of hydrogen includes contacting hydrogen, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogenation conditions, with an extended pi-conjugated substrate to effect storage of hydrogen by forming at least partially hydrogenated extended pi-conjugated substrate; and contacting the partially hydrogenated extended pi-conjugated substrate under dehydrogenation conditions in the presence of an amount of a dehydrogenation catalyst to release hydrogen from the partially hydrogenated pi-extended substrate.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor photodevice comprises light emitting or light absorbing region made of molybdenum oxide.    USE - For use in emitting and absorbing light with short wavelength useful in making light emitting diode and laser diode for photoconductive device, photodiode, phototransistor, light emitting diode, semiconductor laser, solar cell or compact disc.    ADVANTAGE - The invention replaces expensive substrate, e.g. sapphire or silicon carbide, to provide an inexpensive device. It allows semiconductor to be grown at lower temperature where gallium nitride or silicon carbide layers are formed. It can emit wavelength from blue to deep ultraviolet rays.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) light emitting diode (1) comprising layer of molybdenum oxide (3) on substrate (2), layer of n-type molybdenum (5) oxide on molybdenum oxide layer and layer of p-type molybdenum oxide (6) on n-type molybdenum oxide; and    (2) laser diodes comprising layer of molybdenum oxide on substrate, first cladding layer made of n-type semiconductor on molybdenum oxide layer, active layer of p-type molybdenum oxide on first cladding layer and second cladding layer of p-type semiconductor layer with band gap larger than the molybdenum oxide.    The first cladding layer has band gap larger than the molybdenum oxide on first cladding layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the light emitting diode.    Light emitting diode (1)    Substrate (2)    Molybdenum oxide layer (3)    Buffer layer (4)    N-type molybdenum oxide layer (5)    P-type molybdenum oxide layer (6)    Electrode (7)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell that generates electric power through electrochemical reactions of oxygen included in an oxidizing gas with hydrogen included in a fuel gas; and electrostatic delivery module in the fuel gas conduit and/or the oxidizing gas conduit (36) for effectuating electrostatic delivery of water droplets flocculated in the conduit(s) to deliver the water droplets out of the gas conduit.    USE - For vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system has a simple structure which effectively removes the water content from the gas conduit without placing any movable member like a vibrator in the gas conduit and without atomizing the water droplets flocculated in the gas conduit. The water produced by the electrochemical reaction is readily flocculated in the oxidizing gas conduit. It delivers water droplets intact out of the gas conduit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell that generates electric power through electrochemical reactions of oxygen included in an oxidizing gas, which is flown through an oxidizing gas conduit provided on a cathode side of an electrolyte membrane, with hydrogen included in a fuel gas, which is flown through a fuel gas conduit provided on an anode side of the electrolyte membrane. An electrostatic delivery module is provided in at least one of the fuel gas conduit and the oxidizing gas conduit and effectuates electrostatic delivery of water droplets flocculated in the conduit(s) to deliver the water droplets out of the gas conduit. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a vehicle having the inventive fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view of a separator with oxidizing gas conduits.    Oxidizing gas conduit (36)    Groove (36b)    Multiple electrodes (37)    Lower insulator layer (37a)    Separators (40)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (100) has a silicon single-crystal substrate (66) with a light receiving surface, on which an insulation film (61) comprising inorganic insulation material with silicon, is coated. The insulation film contains less than 10 atomic percentage of hydrogen.    USE - E.g. single crystal and polycrystal solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell with insulation film exhibiting excellent passivation effect insusceptible to aging is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    insulation film (61)    electrode (63)    emitter layer (65)    silicon single-crystal substrate (66)    solar cell (100)
NOVELTY - A fuel gas generating apparatus has a container comprising a natural hydrogen generating compound (600) and a substance which promotes hydrogen generation (400), separated by a dividing wall (500) within the same container. The fuel gas generating apparatus produces hydrogen-rich gas for fuel cell.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell (claimed) mounted on small portable apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell comprising the fuel gas generating apparatus is compact, and removes hydrogen from fuel with high energy density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell, which generates electric power using hydrogen-rich gas produced in the fuel gas generating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen generating apparatus.    exterior container (100)    vapor-liquid separation filter (200)    substance which promotes hydrogen generation (400)    dividing wall (500)    natural hydrogen generating compound (600)
NOVELTY - A controller (82) sets the supply pressure and feed rate of oxidizing gas per electrode along antigravity direction through the gas flow paths of the power generation cells, to the range of 0.1-50 KPa and 0.0014 normal l/minute-0.014 normal l/minute, respectively.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack reliably, using simple and small structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode lateral electrode (48)    Cathode lateral electrode (50)    Fuel gas supply port (64)    Controller (82)    Hydrogen cylinder (88)    Pressure reduction valve (90)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing system (1) has a desulfurizer (12) for desulfurizing a liquid raw material (preferably kerosene), a vaporizer (13) for vaporizing the liquid raw material, a modifier (14) for manufacturing hydrogen, and a boiler (16) for generating water vapor and controlling temperature of desulfurizer and vaporizer. The desulfurized liquid raw material and water vapor are mixed, and hydrogen is manufactured in modifier.    USE - Manufacturing hydrogen for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing system is compact, and the starting and terminating time required for manufacturing hydrogen are reduced. The desulfurizer has uniform temperature distribution and high desulfurizing efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) starting method of hydrogen manufacturing system; and    (2) termination of hydrogen manufacturing system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the hydrogen manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen manufacturing system (1)    raw material tank (11)    desulfurizer (12)    vaporizer (13)    modifier (14)    boiler (16)
NOVELTY - The priority growth of crystal in (100) and (111) directions to a stereographic projection with an angle difference of 60% or more is settled in the range of less than 15 degrees.    USE - Unidirectional-solidification silicon ingot used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Manufactures silicon board with reduced thickness and surface roughness using unidirectional-solidification silicon ingot.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) silicon board; and    (2) manufacturing method of unidirectional-solidification silicon ingot.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of silicon ingot manufacturing apparatus.    Crucible (1)
NOVELTY - A catalyst contains a catalyst particle and a co-catalyst particle, both supported on a support containing a zinc aluminum complex oxide. The catalyst particle contains copper and the co-catalyst contains a co-catalyst element chosen from alkali metal and alkaline earth metal element.    USE - For water gas shift reactions such as carbon monoxide shift reaction used for producing hydrogen for fuel cell, synthetic reaction of methanol, decomposition reaction of methanol and methanol water vapor modification reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has improved catalytic activity and large specific surface area and is economical. The degree of reduction of carbon monoxide conversion ratio, which accompanies the raise of the space velocity in the catalyst for water gas shift reaction, is reduced.
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion structure has polycrystal baked material of photovoltaic material, film structure (6) having bulk thin piece, thin film or thick film of single crystal, and electrodes (5,7). The photovoltaic material has photovoltaic characteristic, and expresses photovoltaic effect by irradiation of light from a light source. The electrode(s) contains transparent electrode material.    USE - As photovoltaic element for non-cable electric power supply and for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion structure has large output current, and is compact and easily applied to electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of the photoelectric conversion structure.    Silicon substrate (1)    Silicon oxide film (2)    Titanium film (3)    Platinum film (4)    Lower electrode (5)    Film structure (6)    Upper electrode (7)
NOVELTY - The oxide semiconductor electrode (70) has a transparent conductive layer (11), a metal oxide semiconductor film (30), another metal oxide semiconductor film (6) and organic dye (7) adsorbed on surface of film (6) in order on a substrate (50). The film (30) has a metal thin film used as oxidation material formed by anodizing the metal thin film.    USE - Photoelectric conversion in pigment sensitizing-type optoelectric transducer used by pigment sensitizing-type solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The oxide semiconductor electrode suppresses short circuit inside the semiconductor element, and provides optoelectric transducer excellent in reliability, light energy conversion efficiency and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal of the metal thin film is titanium, tantalum, aluminum, magnesium, niobium, zirconium, zinc and/or silicon.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) pigment sensitizing-type optoelectric transducer (1); and    (2) pigment sensitizing-type solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the typical structure of the pigment sensitizing-type optoelectric transducer.    Pigment sensitizing-type optoelectric transducer (1)    Metal oxide semiconductor film (6,30)    Organic dye (7)    Transparent conductive layer (11)    Substrate (50)    Oxide semiconductor electrode (70)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer (1) has solid charge transfer layer (40) provided between the counter electrode (80) and the oxide semiconductor electrode (70). The counter electrode comprises metallic layer (85) and carbon layer (81) sequentially formed on substrate (50) such that the carbon layer contacts the charge transferring layer.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductivity and durability is improved and the battery property is improved so the transducer can be used in high humidity and temperature conditions. The energy conversion efficiency is improved and the cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the optoelectric transducer.    Optoelectric transducer (1)    Charge transfer layer (40)    Counter electrode (80)    Carbon layer (81)    Metallic layer (85)    Oxide semiconductor electrode (70)
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes aluminum board (11) having high conductivity, formed at the reverse side of the electrode (4) opposing heater (7) so that distribution of heat with respect to substrate (5) is uniform.    USE - For forming film on substrate using plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus, during manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of substrate can be increased uniformly and rapidly, by providing aluminum board.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vacuum vessel (1)    electrodes (3,4)    substrate (5)    heater (7)    aluminum board (11)
NOVELTY - A number of through holes (3) of random arrangement are formed at the dielectric film (2). A semiconductor substrate (1) is etched with etching liquid through the through holes. The dielectric film is removed from the semiconductor substrate after performing etching process.    USE - Manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The absorption of light at uneven semiconductor substrate is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sections explaining the solar cell manufacturing process.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Dielectric film (2)    Through hole (3)
NOVELTY - The thin film silicon solar battery has one or more unit cell formed on substrate using p-type semiconductor, i-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor. Electrode layer is formed on surface of solar cell and counter electrode layer is formed on other surface of solar cell. The permeability of light having wavelength of 780 nm is 75% or more in electrode layer.    USE - Used as semiconductor material.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high light conversion efficiency by use of material which has high absorption coefficient in long wavelength region. The zinc oxide film containing aluminum is excellent in plasma-proof property which enables the preparation of semiconductor at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode layer contains zinc oxide added with aluminum. The i-type semiconductor is silicon thin film containing tin or germanium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the permeability of light when using zinc oxide added with aluminum, and indium oxide added with tin for transparent electrode layer of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The organic solar cell has pair of electrode layers (20,40), transparent inorganic oxide layer (34) as semiconductor layer, and organic mixture layer (32) containing mixture of conductive polymer and a pigment. Layer (34) is arranged between layers (20,40) and layer (32) is provided adjacent to layer (34). Organic solar cell generates electric power by photoelectric conversion effect of semiconductor containing organic material.    USE - As organic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The organic solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability, and is easily manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a typical section of structure of organic solar cell.    Glass substrate (10)    Electrode layers (20,40)    Organic mixture layer (32)    Inorganic oxide layer (34)
NOVELTY - A porous layer (3) comprises multiple carbon nanotubes (6) coated with a titanium oxide film (5) provided vertically with respect to the coating film surface (4) of a substrate (2).    USE - For optoelectric transducer (claimed) such as pigment sensing-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The base material with outstanding electroconductivity is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer;    (2) manufacturing method of base material for optoelectric transducer; and    (3) manufacturing method of optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the base material for optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (2)    Porous layer (3)    Coating film surface (4)    Titanium oxide film (5)    Carbon nanotube (6)
NOVELTY - A plate shape silicon is mounted on the periphery surface adjoining the main surface (1) of the substrate. The periphery surface of the substrate, is in the form of corrugated shape to suppress the crystal growth.    USE - For manufacture of plate shape silicon (claimed) used for polycrystalline-silicon solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevention of formation of burr on the plate shaped silicon is achieved. The semiconductor substrate is obtained at low cost without disconnecting the plate shaped silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) plate shape silicon manufacturing method;    (2) plate shape silicon; and    (3) polycrystalline-silicon solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the semiconductor substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate main surface (1)    Substrate side faces (SR1,SR2)
NOVELTY - A mixture of kerosene fuel and water vapor is supplied to a modifier, and hydrogen-containing fuel gas is generated. Water vapor is mixed with kerosene, such that kerosene fuel is not contacted with the wall portion of a direct vaporizer (1). The hydrogen-containing fuel gas is supplied to fuel cell, and electric power is generated in fuel cell system.    USE - For vaporizing kerosene fuel used for fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The kerosene fuel is efficiently vaporized for a long period of time, and carbonization of kerosene fuel is prevented. The mixing of water vapor and kerosene fuel is efficiently enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional drawing of vaporizer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vaporizer (1)    water vapor inlet tube (10)    kerosene inlet tube (11)    taper portion (12)    injection tip (13)    vaporization portion (14)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor contains specific pyrroline group pigment (1).    USE - For optoelectric transducer used in solar cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor provides optoelectric transducer and solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor contains pyrroline group pigment of formula (1).    A1-A4,R1-R3 = hydrogen or a substituent;    n = 0 or 1;    X = oxygen atom, sulfur atom, NR4 or CR5R6;    R4-R6 = R1;    Q = group of formulae (2) or (3);    B = CR11 or nitrogen atom;    R10,R11 = A1;    Z = atomic group required to form a 5 or 6 membered ring which has a substituent having at least one carboxyl group in the molecule.    A1-A4 and R1-R3 couples together to form a ring, respectively.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer having a photosensitive layer (2) containing the semiconductor, on electroconductive support (1); and    (2) solar cell comprising the optoelectric transducer, charge transferring layer (3) and counter electrode (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fragmentary sectional view of structure of optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive support (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transferring layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor electrode is manufactured using a dispersion liquid containing pigment(s) and a semiconductor. The semiconductor electrode has a substrate having electroconductive surface, a semiconductor layer coated on the electroconductive surface and pigment adsorbed to the surface of semiconductor layer.    USE - Optoelectric transducer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor electrode provides optoelectric transducer with excellent photoelectric transfer characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectric transducer which is obtained using semiconductor electrode.
NOVELTY - The transducer has conductive layers (21,42) which are connected in series through a junction portion (12). The junction portion is isolated from electrolyte layer (13) containing thermoplastic resin by an electroconductive paste dividing wall (8).    USE - Optoelectric transducer such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the junction portion of conductive layers is isolated from the electrolyte layer, the influence of corrosive high iodine ion contained in electrolyte layer with respect to the junction portion is prevented so improving the reliability of the optoelectric transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive paste dividing wall (8)    Junction portion (12)    Electrolyte layer (13)    Conductive layers (21,42)
NOVELTY - A thin film resistor has a pair of polycrystal silicon thin films doped with impurities and a barrier layer not allowing permeation of hydrogen gas. Density of hydrogen gas is measured based on difference between the resistance values of the pair of polycrystal silicon thin films.    USE - For measuring density of hydrogen gas in fuel cell in electric vehicle and in manufacture of semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits high measurement capability for long time and improves measurement reliability at low cost by using thin film resistor consisting of polyscrystal silicon thin films for measurement of hydrogen gas density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the sensor element of the hydrogen gas sensor.    sensor element (1)    semiconductor substrator (2)    diaphragm (3)    heating resistance (4)    thin film resistor (5a-5d)    terminal electrode (12)
NOVELTY - A transparent board (12) has a solar cell module (14) with light transmittance area for transmitting light to light reception area formed with the solar heat collecting board (3) which is arranged in a case (2) and which is not in contact with transparent board.    USE - Used for solar power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for insulation between solar heat collecting board and solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vertical cross-sectional view of the solar heat collection device.    case (2)    solar heat collecting board (3)    transparent board (12)    solar cell module (14)    glass plate (15)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply-storage apparatus (14) has structure alternately having reaction portions (34-36) and liquid supply portion (33). The reaction portions have catalyst (41) required for dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction. The portion (33) supplies hydrogen supply material or hydrogen storage material consisting of aromatic compound to up-down direction. The aromatic compound reacts with hydrogen and stores the hydrogen.    USE - For supplying hydrogen for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen supply-storage apparatus has excellent electric power generating efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen supply-storage apparatus (14) has a structure having reaction portions (34-36) and a liquid supply portion (33). The reaction portions and the portion (33) are united with a mutually transformable arrangement. The reaction portions have a catalyst (41) required for dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction. The liquid supply portion supplies hydrogen supply material or hydrogen storage material to the up-down direction. The hydrogen supply-storage apparatus performs supply or storage of hydrogen using the dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction between the hydrogen storage materials, which consist of aromatic compound. The aromatic compound reacts with hydrogen and stores the hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of hydrogen supply-storage apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen supply-storage apparatus (14)    liquid supply portion (33)    reaction portion (34-36)    catalyst (41)
NOVELTY - A carbon thin film is formed on a silicon substrate, and simultaneously nitrogen is added in the film. The nitrogen content in the film is decreased by post-heat treatment. The refractive index and absorption coefficient of the film are adjusted, to obtain a transparent carbon group thin film.    USE - For manufacturing transparent carbon group thin film for coating material of solar panel.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent carbon group thin film with excellent optical characteristic, strength, low corrosive property and low reflection rate, is obtained. The film is used in wide range of light from visible region to infrared region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for transparent carbon group thin film containing nitrogen and having refractive index of 1.98.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship between nitrogen content ratio and structure of transparent carbon group thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The metal oxide or its precursor content layer, and a porous polycrystal metal-oxide layer (2), are sequentially laminated on a base material (1). The layer (2) is formed by irradiating with a laser beam. Thus, a laminate is manufactured.    USE - For photocatalyst sheet, pigment sensitization solar cell and electrochromic device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method efficiently and economically provides laminate, with high productive efficiency. The porous polycrystal metal oxide layer is formed easily, with high speed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross section drawing of the polycrystal metal-oxide film.    base material (1)    protective layer (2)    porous polycrystal metal oxide layer (3)    laminate (10)
NOVELTY - Coating catalyst surfaces comprises potentiostatically depositing precious metal particles as dendritic homogeneous crystals on a porous carrier layer.    USE - Used in a fuel cell as a membrane-electrode arrangement (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved electrical power.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell; a partial-pressure pressure swing adsorption assembly using oxidant supply gas for cathode compartment to separate carbon dioxide from anode exhaust gas; and a unit for recycling anode exhaust gas, after separation of the carbon dioxide, to fuel cell anode compartment and feeding the oxidant supply gas with the carbon dioxide to the fuel cell cathode compartment.    USE - Used as fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system has an anode exhaust gas recycle assembly which is less complex and costly and is more energy efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system    (1) comprises a fuel cell (2) including an anode compartment (3) and a cathode compartment (4); partial-pressure pressure swing adsorption assembly using oxidant supply gas (7) for the cathode compartment to separate carbon dioxide from anode exhaust gas (9), and providing the separation based on the difference in partial pressures of the carbon dioxide in the anode exhaust gas and the oxidant gas in the oxidant supply gas; and unit recycling the anode exhaust gas, after separation of the carbon dioxide, to the anode compartment of the fuel cell and feeding the oxidant supply gas with the carbon dioxide to the cathode compartment of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system with anode exhaust gas recycle assembly.    Fuel cell system (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Anode compartment (3)    Cathode compartment (4)    Oxidant supply gas (7)    Anode exhaust gas (9)    Water transfer assembly (11)    Transfer wheel (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system (20) comprises an outlet, a fuel cell stack (22) in fluid communication with the outlet, an organic fuel in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack, and an emission control system (28, 30) in fluid communication with the outlet. The control system is capable of reducing the amount of organic emission from the outlet.    USE - Used as a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system reduces emissions of organic materials, thus reducing the health and safety risks posed by them.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the operation of the fuel cell system, comprising contacting an organic fuel to a catalyst of a fuel cell in the fuel cell system, and reducing an amount of organic emission from an outlet of the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (20)    Fuel cell stack (22)    Emission control system (28, 30)    Fuel cell (32)    Anode outlet (36)    Cathode outlet (40)
NOVELTY - Invention relates to preparing new heterocyclic o-dicarbonitriles of the general formula:wherein Ph means.    USE - Ortho-dicarbonitriles can be used for preparing hexazocyclanes-fluorophores, as a donor-fragment for preparing hexazocyclanes-bifluorophores and hexazocyclanes-trifluorophores that are used as active media for liquid and solid lasers, scintillators, for transformation of short-wave radiation to long-wave radiation, in the information transfer by fiber-optics communication lines, for enhancing solar batteries power, for securities protection, for making billboards and so on.    ADVANTAGE - Valuable properties of compounds. 2 tbl, 6 ex
NOVELTY - A gas storage system has a tank (1-3) connected to a gas supply path, which stores fuel gas supplied from gas charging apparatus (7). The tank is provided with a gas occlusion material at inner surface, and has a heat-exchanger (16-36) and heat-exchanger (4-6) connected to heat-exchanger (16-36) via a heat transfer port. The heat-exchanger (4-6) exchanges heat between fuel gas flowing through gas supply path.    USE - For storage of fuel gas mounted in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The gas storage system stores gas in number of containers, and prevents production of unwanted energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of gas storage system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tanks (1-3)    Heat-exchangers (4-6,16-36)    Gas charging coupler (gas-charging apparatus) (7)    Gas introduction port (12-32)    Gas distribution pipe (14-34)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor comprises dioxoanion pigment.    USE - For opto-electric transducer used in solar cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor provides opto-electric transducer and solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor comprises dioxoanion pigment of formulae (1) or (2).    Z', Z'' = atom group required to form 5- or 6-membered ring having carboxyl group;    B1,B2 = -C(R1)R2- or -NR3-;and    R1-R3 = H or substituent.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) opto-electric transducer having a photosensitive layer (2) containing the semiconductor for photoelectric conversion material, on electroconductive support (1); and    (2) solar cell comprising the opto-electric transducer, charge transferring layer (3) and counter electrode (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fragmentary sectional view of structure of opto-electric transducer.    Electroconductive support (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transferring layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A cathode has a catalyst layer, which contains an oxygen adsorbent, a catalyst supported conductive material and polyelectrolyte.    USE - For polymer electrolyte fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The cathode has excellent electrode characteristics with respect to oxygen reduction, and provides polymer electrolyte fuel cell having high battery output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which has anode, cathode and polymeric electrolytic film arranged between anode and cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram explaining catalyst electrode process of cathode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A condensed water storage is provided at downstream side of a carbon monoxide removal element such that the hydrogen gas supplied through a hydrogen gas inlet is passed through the carbon monoxide removal element after passing through the condensed water storage.    USE - For hydrogen generator for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deterioration of carbon monoxide removal catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the carbon monoxide removal device for hydrogen generator.    Modifier (1)    Water supply unit (3)    Transformer (4)    Carbon monoxide oxidation device (5)    Air supply unit (6)
NOVELTY - A reaction catalyst (4) is arranged below a dripping nozzle (3) and has a slope (4a) inclined at an angle (theta) with respect to a horizontal surface, such that tan theta is equal to 1/100-1. The hydrogen derivative of aromatic compound supplied from the nozzle contacts the slope of the catalyst.    USE - For generating hydrogen used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen derivative contacts the slope of the catalyst, large reduction in the temperature of the catalyst is prevented and thereby dehydrogenation reaction is performed reliably. Enables reliable and efficient generation of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Alternately a pier or a groove is formed in the slope of the reaction catalyst.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen generation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective and top views of the nozzle and reaction catalyst.    Nozzle (3)    Reaction catalyst (4)    Slope (4a)    Pipe (4b)    Droplet of hydrogen derivative (17)
NOVELTY - A raw material storage tank (2) stores hydrogen derivative of an aromatic compound, for supplying to a reactor (3). The hydrogen generated in the reactor is stored in a hydrogen storage tank (8). The pressure in the reactor is reduced lower than the pressure inside the tank (2) so that raw material can enter the reactor.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell, with high efficiency. The failure rate of the supply apparatus is reduced, reducing the maintenance operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A pressure regulation valve (9) regulates the pressure inside and outside the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen supply apparatus.    Storage tank (2)    Reactor (3)    Hydrogen storage tank (8)    Pressure regulation valve (9)    Fuel cell (60)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas generation apparatus has an excitation unit to produce high active hydrocarbon by exciting hydrocarbon-group fuel, a supply unit (10) to supply hydrocarbon catalyst (20).    USE - For supplying hydrogen gas to fuel cell mounted on vehicles, such as electric vehicle, and internal combustion engine, such as hydrogen fueled engine.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas generation apparatus is compact, lightweight, and carries out rapid dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon-group fuel. The apparatus has improved high-efficiency hydrogen gas generating amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrocarbon fuel is preferably decalin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen gas generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    plasma generating unit (5)    supply unit (10)    reactor (15)    heated catalyst (20)    combustion chamber (24)
NOVELTY - Electricity is supplied between substrate (100) immersed into aqueous solution containing zinc ion and carbohydrate, and electrode (121) facing substrate. Substrate is taken out from solution and contacted with water-absorptive component (115) capable of supplying chemical solution to edge portions of substrate surface (A), which is not facing electrode. Byproduct formed at surface (A) is removed, and a zinc oxide film is formed.    USE - For forming zinc oxide film on substrate of photovoltaic element (claimed) such as solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The zinc oxide thin film having excellent optical transparency and high industrial value, is continuously formed. The zinc oxide film is formed only at one surface of the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A substrate (100) is immersed into an aqueous solution containing zinc ion and carbohydrate. An electricity is supplied between the substrate and an electrode (121) facing the substrate. The substrate is taken out from the solution and contacted with a water-absorptive component (115), which is capable of supplying a chemical solution to edge portion(s) of substrate surface (A), which is not facing the electrode. The byproduct formed by the electrolytic deposition method at the surface (A) is dissolved and removed, and a zinc oxide film is formed. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for formation of photovoltaic element, which involves forming a semiconductor layer on the zinc oxide film, by plasma chemical vapor deposition method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of roll-to-roll test equipment used for forming zinc oxide film.    substrate (100)    rollers (102,103)    water-absorptive component (115)    electrode (121)
NOVELTY - A pair of mirrors divide the light oscillated by laser oscillator partially, and guides the divided beams (8C,8D) to a lens. The lens condenses the divided beams with respect to defective portion of the electrically conductive film, for trimming the defective portion along x and y directions.    USE - For trimming defective portion of electrically conductive film such as indium tin oxide (ITO) film used in touch panel, plasma display panel, electronic paper, organic electric luminescence panel and solar cell panel, using laser.    ADVANTAGE - Trimming can be performed efficiently without damaging the base on which the electrically conductive film is formed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for laser trimming method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the shape of divided beams incident on electrically conductive film.    laser beam (8)    divided beams (8C,8D)
NOVELTY - Passivation and contacting of a germanium surface comprises providing a germanium substrate with a first surface, producing a passivation layer of amorphous silicon material on the first surface, producing a contact layer of metal on the passivation layer, and applying diffusion so that the germanium surface is contacted by the contact layer through the passivation layer.    USE - For passivating and contacting a germanium surface, e.g. surface of germanium solar cell, thermophotovoltaic cell or photodetector (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method provides highly efficient germanium solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a passivated germanium substrate comprising a germanium substrate, a passivation layer, and a metal contacting layer; and    (2) a photovoltaic device comprising a passivated germanium substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the production of a germanium solar cell.    Anti-reflective coating (8)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic module (1) comprises a solar cell unit (3), a protective layer (2) covering the solar cell unit, a module frame (15) made from plastic, an electrical connecting unit for switching the solar cell unit, and an electrical coupling unit (16) integrated in the module frame for electrically connecting the module to a further module, an energy storage unit or a consumer unit.    USE - Photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module can be easily assembled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a kit consisting of two photovoltaic modules.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through two photovoltaic modules with a locking element between them.    photovoltaic module (1)    protective layer (2)    solar cell unit (3)    electrical connecting lines (8)    module frame (15)    electrical coupling unit (16)
NOVELTY - Membrane comprising a flexible body comprising a layer of elastically deformable composite material comprising a fluorocarbon or fluorosilicone rubber and a crosslinkable polymer is new.    USE - The membrane is useful as a laminator for producing photovoltaic cells, i.e. a material for bonding together the various layers of a solar module.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has a relatively long life, having relatively high resistance to chemical decomposition products and retaining its elasticity for long periods without the risk of embrittlement (no data given).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a laminator comprising the membrane.
NOVELTY - A nanopore array with controlled symmetry and order comprises a macroscale area in a first material formed by anodic oxidation of metal oxide or non-metal oxide film in which the nanopore array is formed using a metal oxide nanopore array template.    USE - In a variety of industrial applications e.g. microelectronics, construction of optical nanodevices, fuel cells, nanostructuring and chemical catalyst applications.    ADVANTAGE - The regular arrangement of the nanopores allows for the small-scale manipulation of the substrate. The arrays provide systems and methods for the production of self-ordered nanostructures on wafers with controlled symmetry and order.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a device comprising the nanopore array with ordered, pre-determined pattern of nanopores; and    (2) manufacture of the nanopore arrays.
NOVELTY - A composite thin film is formed on a substrate. The film has a metal portion composed of a metal component (I) and a metal compound portion composed of a compound of metal component (II) which is different from metal component (I), which are mixed and dispersed. Subsequently, the metal portion is removed from the composite thin film to form a porous thin film.    USE - Forming porous thin film such as porous metal thin film used for catalyst layer of porous metal compound thin films such as porous metal oxide thin film used for electrode, photocatalyst for solar cell and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The porous thin film having high specific surface area is formed. The electric power generation efficiency of fuel cell utilizing the catalyst layer formed using the film is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal compound is metal oxide, metal nitride or metal oxynitride. Metal component (I) is one kind chosen from zinc, chromium, aluminum, copper, silicon, titanium, silver, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium, manganese, iron, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, indium, tin, antimony, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten and magnesium. Metal component (II) is one type chosen from zinc, titanium, niobium, indium, tin, antimony and tungsten.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sputtering apparatus for forming composite thin film by sputtering in formation of porous thin film.    Targets (1,2)    Chamber (3)    Base material (4)    Gas introduction port (7)    Gas exhaust port (8)
NOVELTY - A composite structure comprises a dual-function material intermediate, a conducting material and a semiconductor. The conducting material comprises an ohmic conductor, a semiconductor material or an ionic conductor. The dual-function material comprises an organic material and at least one ionic species.    USE - In an electrochemical device e.g. a photodiode, a battery, an electrode, an electrochromic device or a light-emitting diode and a photo-voltaic cell (claimed), solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The dual-function material effectively confines an ionic species with a semiconductor, facilitates charge transfer at this interface. Problems associated with leakage and migrations of liquid phase such as a solution of a lithium salt are avoided. The dual-function material favors ordering of the ionization potential and/or electron affinity relative to the semiconductor, enabling charge separation across the interface and also serves to reduce any interfacial energetic mismatch between the conducting material and the semiconductor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composite structure comprises a dual-function material intermediate, a conducting material and a semiconductor. The conducting material comprises an ohmic conductor, a semiconductor material or an ionic conductor. The dual-function material comprises an organic material and at least one ionic species. The organic material comprises at least one moiety of formula (Y)-X (I) and has both electronic charge transport properties and supports or chelates the at least one ionic species.    (Y) = an organic semiconductor;    X = an ion-chelating group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an electrochemical device comprising the structure and one or two conductor such that the device is provided with two external ohmic conductor;    (2) a photovoltaic cell comprising the above-described structure.
NOVELTY - Producing a catalyst for a fuel cell excellent in an oxidation-reduction activated electric density, which can reduce process and a using amount of a metal for the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing the catalyst for the fuel cell comprises: soaking a metal precursor for the catalyst in a silicon oxide nano mold; adding a carbon precursor continuously to mix uniformly; reacting the mixture at 100-160 degrees C and carbonizing at 800-1000 degrees C. The nano mold is silica, alumina, or a mixture thereof and the metal precursor for the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, molybdenum, tungsten, gold, iron, and selenium.
NOVELTY - The fuel treating equipment (1) comprises a hydrogen-generating unit to produce hydrogen from fuels, such as gasoline, methanol, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, at high temperature.    USE - For fuel-cell vehicle (claimed), fuel cell and battery used as drive source of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel treating equipment generates hydrogen efficiently from various fuels, and decreases generation of carbon dioxide. The fuel-cell vehicle has hybrid function, minimizes pollution, ensures smooth driving and is user-friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel-cell vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the fuel treating equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel treating equipment (1)    Heater (2)    Stream generator (3)    Battery (4)    Fuel cell (10)
NOVELTY - The fuel comprises a hydrocarbon mixture of boiling range 100-320 degreesC. The mixture contains naphthene hydrocarbon (20 vol.% or more).    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate type fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells, used for electric-power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel is efficient, suppresses reduction in durability of fuel cell system by deterioration of modification catalyst, and provides fuel cell systems which generate high-efficiency electric power over a long period of time. The fuel improves the desulfurization rate and enables efficient generation of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel contains alkyl benzothiophene and alkyl dibenzothiophene.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of fuel;    (2) desulfurization of fuel; and    (3) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of electric-power generation using a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system having a steam reforming type modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator generates hydrogen by contacting hydrogenated derivative of an aromatic compound (7) and a catalyst component (4), and carrying out dehydrogenation reaction of aromatic compound. The catalyst component is a porous component having connected number of holes (4a). The average pore size of hole reduces continuously or in steps in advancing direction of the aromatic compound.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generator efficiently generates hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of reactor for hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst component (4)    hole (4a)    heating unit (5)    hydrogenated derivative of aromatic compound (7)    electrical insulator (15)
NOVELTY - A vaporizer (20) is arranged in a modification raw material supply unit to supply fuel mixture containing liquid hydrocarbon and water into a fuel supply chamber (22). The high-temperature gas is supplied into the fuel supply chamber from a gas passage (32). The reaction between modification fuel and water is promoted by a modification catalyst arranged in a modifying unit (24).    USE - For generating hydrogen used in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generation efficiency is enhanced, even if the temperature of the fuel modifier is reduced. The energy efficiency of the fuel modifier is enhanced, by vaporizing the fuel mixture without combustion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A water vapor supply unit supplies water vapor to the fuel supply chamber, after supplying fuel mixture into the chamber. A control unit (35) regulates supply of high temperature gas to the chamber. A setting unit sets the vaporization quantity of the water. The spraying amount of fuel mixture from the vaporizer is regulated based on the setting value. The control unit regulates the pressure of the fuel mixture during operation of the vaporizer, based on the temperature of the fuel supply chamber.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of fuel modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Vaporizer (20)    Fuel supply chamber (22)    Modifying unit (24)    Gas passage (32)    Heat exchanger (26)    Control unit (35)
NOVELTY - The sealing component has a metal electrode (5) embedded in an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin (4). The exposed portion of the metal electrode comprises ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The surface of the metal electrode consists of nickel or silver.    USE - As solar cell module used for solar power generation apparatus (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The sealing component has excellent hygroscopic property. The solar cell module has high reliability, transparency, weather resistance, contamination resistance and mechanical strength, and stable output for a long period of time. The peeling of metal electrode and ethylene vinyl acetate resin are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar power generation apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic plan view and outline sectional drawing of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    photovoltaic element (1)    surface component (2)    ethylene vinyl acetate resin (4)    metal electrode (5)    current collection electrode (7)
NOVELTY - A proton-conductive solid-electrolyte type hydrogen gas detector detects hydrogen in gas through gas introduction hole. The gas is diluted according to the detected value of hydrogen in gas. The hydrogen gas concentration calculation unit calculates the hydrogen concentration in gas from the detected value of hydrogen gas detector and dilution degree of gas.    USE - For detecting hydrogen concentration in gas of fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen concentration in gas is measured accurately.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen gas concentration detector device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    gas introduction hole (12)    intermediate vacant room (13)    dilution gas (14)    hydrogen pumping circuit (40)    hydrogen sensing circuit (50)
NOVELTY - A high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (1) comprises a tank (2) accommodated with a titanium-manganese group hydrogen occlusion alloy (3b) of high dissociation pressure and containing a Laves phase, and a hydrogen occlusion alloy of high dissociation pressure and containing a Laves phase or body centered cubic structure, and dead-stock hydrogen (0.6 wt.% or more), at normal temperature and 0.1 MPa.    USE - Used for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen-utilization apparatus such as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The high-pressure hydrogen storage tank has the capability of storing even large amount of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    High-pressure hydrogen storage tank (1)    Tank (2)    Titanium-manganese group hydrogen occlusion alloy (3b)    Honeycomb structure (4)    Inlet (21)
NOVELTY - The plate-shaped calcium silicate has length of 2-30 microns, width of 1-10 microns and thickness of 0.05-2 microns.    USE - For plate-shaped silica porous material (claimed) used as catalyst support, protein adsorption agent, odor absorption agent, filter aid, light diffusion sheet, inkjet recording sheet, cosmetics, toner, photosensitive material, pigment, substrate for solar cells, liquid crystal display, dye thermal transfer sheet, heat resistant resin, ultraviolet blocking material, gas sensing element and various filler.    ADVANTAGE - The plate-shaped calcium silicate and silica porous material has high purity, excellent conjugation ability, photo catalytic support property, dispersive power, absorption capacity, colloid formation ability, and film formation ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) plate-shaped silica porous material;    (2) manufacture of plate-shaped calcium silicate. An aqueous slurry of lime raw material and silica raw material which contains 70 wt.% or more of particles of diameter 10 microns or more, is suspended in solvent containing water, and hydrothermal reaction is carried out; and    (3) manufacture of plate-shaped silica porous material by acid treatment of plate-shaped calcium silicate.
NOVELTY - A board material (12) is fixed to the peripheral sides of base material (11) of triangular cross section shape, in airtight state. A frame (12w) is fixed to the board material whose inner circumference side edge has predetermined gap. A cover forming a space, covers the base material and frame for lamination.    USE - Used for manufacturing solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Manufactures high productive solar cell module at low cost. Improves lamination efficiency by fixing the frame and board in airtight state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for vacuum lamination.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the upper perspective diagram of vacuum lamination apparatus.    base material (11)    board material (12)    frame (12w)    vacuum pump (14)    exhaust port (15)    valve (16)
NOVELTY - A base material has heat-resisting property used for supporting a catalytically active component. The base material contains a heat-resistant inorganic complex oxide having a composition containing titanium-zirconium-aluminum oxide. The base material has specific X-ray diffraction pattern after supporting the catalytically active component, at the time of performing durability test.    USE - As base material for supporting catalytically active component, and catalyst (claimed), for motor vehicle, fuel cell electrode and wastewater material combustors.    ADVANTAGE - The base material has excellent heat-resisting property and durability. Thermal deterioration of catalytically active component is suppressed. The catalyst utilizing the base material has improved capability, and uses reduced quantity of catalytically active component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A base material has heat-resisting property used for supporting a catalytically active component. The base material contains a heat-resistant inorganic complex oxide having a composition containing titanium-zirconium-aluminum oxide expressed as (Ti)a(Zr)b(Al)cOx,    a = 0.01-0.2;    b = 0.01-0.2;    c = 2-a-b;    x = oxygen number which satisfies stoichiometry.    The base material has X-ray diffraction pattern after supporting the catalytically active component, at the time of performing durability test, displayed in table (A).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of base material, which involves impregnating a water-soluble titanium salt and zirconium acetate into alumina, and baking; and    (2) catalyst obtained by supporting catalytically active component to the base material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of fuel cell electrode utilizing the catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Process for operating a device for converting starting material containing carbon and hydrogen using autothermal reformation or partial oxidation to form a hydrogen-containing gas comprises tempering the region of a feed line (4) of educts (E) to the catalyst (2) so that a temperature difference between this region and the catalyst front (3) facing this region is produced.    USE - For operating a fuel cell system and for post-treating internal combustion engine exhaust gases (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The device is small and compact. The catalyst has a long service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive or negative temperature difference is adjusted depending on the operating state of the device (1) for carrying out the process.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device.    Device (1)    Catalyst (2)    Catalyst front (3)    Feed line of educts (4)    Educts (E)
NOVELTY - Device for producing a hydrogen-containing gas comprises units for removing low-boiling fuel fractions from a mixture of hydrocarbons, especially diesel, gasoline, kerosine or similar material, used as fuel, and a reforming unit (2) for producing a hydrogen-containing gas from the low-boiling fractions.    USE - Used for operating a fuel cell system on board a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The device is small and compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for cleaning exhaust gases produced during combustion in an I.C. engine using the hydrogen-containing gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device for producing a hydrogen-containing gas.    Reforming unit (2)    Feed line for a gas stream (3)    Unit for introducing the low-boiling fuel fraction (4)    Fuel supply tank (5)    Heating element (9)
NOVELTY - An electric power generating apparatus (1) is equipped with a modifier (42), carbon dioxide removing device (43), and fuel cell (44). The modifier reforms fuel (99), and produces reformed gas. The carbon dioxide removing device removes carbon dioxide from the reformed gas. The fuel cell generates electric power using hydrogen contained in the reformed gas.    USE - As fuel cell-type electric power generating apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The electric power generating apparatus effectively removes carbon dioxide from the reformed gas, and collects hydrogen of high purity from the reformed gas without using hydrogen separating membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of the structure of partially broken electric power generating apparatus.    Electric power generating apparatus (1)    Modifier (42)    Carbon dioxide removing device (43)    Fuel cell (44)    Fuel (99)
NOVELTY - The sensor (1) comprises a silicon substrate (111) on which a gas sensitive layer (117) containing fluorine resin is provided. The surface of a detection electrode (115) contacting the gas sensitive layer is made of tantalum.    USE - For detecting moisture in exhaust gas of internal combustion engine used in vehicle, ship and airplane, and also for detecting moisture in atmosphere, so as to control domestic air conditioner, air cleaner, humidifier and dehumidifier, for humidity management system for agriculture and horticulture, for detecting moisture in semiconductor industrial gas, clean rooms, precision electronic components manufacturing process, fuel cell, cathode gas, anode gas, and for quality control of foodstuffs.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the durability of the detection electrode, and hence durability of the humidity sensor. The sensor excels in operability. Size reduction of the sensor is enabled. The fluorine resin facilitates measurement of high humidity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the humidity sensor.    Humidity sensor (1)    Humidity sensor element (11)    Silicon substrate (111)    Detection electrode (115)    Gas sensitive layer (117)
NOVELTY - A transparent composite sheet is manufactured by crosslinking a mixture of unbridged transparent resin (a) and inorganic filler (b) followed by molding. The unbridged transparent resin (a) comprises 10-80 wt.% of cross-linked material of particulate transparent resin having bulb equivalent diameter of 0.5 mm or less. The composite sheet has surface roughness (Ry) of 1 mum or less.    USE - Useful as optical sheet, plastic substrate for display devices, or substrate for active matrix display devices (all claimed) such as LCD devices, organic electroluminescent display devices, color filters, touch panels, solar cells, and for optical lens, optical wave-guides, LEDs, and as transparent sheet and sealing agent.    ADVANTAGE - The composite sheet has high transparency, high surface smoothness property, high heat resistance and solvent resistance.
NOVELTY - Vapor phase deposition of a compound onto a support by: introduction into a carrier gas stream as a solid or gas, conversion of the compound to a gas, condensation of the gaseous compound, conversion of the condensed compound to a gas, and condensation of the gaseous compound on the support, with cooling of the carrier gas stream to a temperature below the sublimation temperature of the compounds by addition of a gas stream.    USE - For production of organic light emitting diodes and solar cells based on semiconductors.    ADVANTAGE - The method decreased the decomposition of sensitive materials and contamination with undesired decomposition products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a pulverized organic semiconductor compound of particle size below 10 micron by the above process;    (b) a carrier with evaporated compounds obtained as described above;    (c) organic light emitting diode containing carrier;    (d) a photovoltaic cell containing carrier;    (e) a pulverized organic semiconductor in the form of pellets or tablets.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell stack (10) comprises concentrically or eccentrically arranged electrochemical cells (12a, 12b) with their outer surfaces parallel to each other and attached to one other by spacers. Each cell comprises a hollow electrolyte (6), anode (4) and cathode (2). The respective anodes and cathodes are connected with a resistive load and oxygen flows between a pair of cathodes and hydrogen flows between a pair of anodes.    USE - Used for a fuel cell, a sensor and an oxygen pump (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides increased power and voltage performance with low fuel utilization, high volumetric packing power density, provides efficient conversion of chemical energy to electric power with minimal pollution and has smaller outer dimension than other stacked designs reported in prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one pair of anodes or cathodes are circumferentially opposed to each other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows electrochemical cell stack.    Cathode (2)    Anode (4)    Hollow elongated electrolyte (6)    Stack (10)    Electrochemical cell (12a, 12b, 12c, 12n)
NOVELTY - Production of porous material includes partially curing phenolic resin into solid, grinding the solid to form resin particles, mixing resin particles with particles of secondary component, forming the mixture into a dough, shaping the dough to obtain a shaped solid product, and sintering the shaped solid to produce a form-stable sintered product.    USE - The method is used for producing porous sintered material or product (claimed) used in adsorption of volatile organic compounds, e.g. gasoline vapor in vapor recovery system. The porous material is useful in making electrically conductive porous monolithic carbon structure, e.g. for use in fuel cells as catalyst, catalyst support, separation membrane, or filter.    ADVANTAGE - The resulting porous material is strong and has a controlled pore structure.
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized solar cell has a transparent conductive layer, a porous semiconductor layer on which a dye sensitizer is adsorbed, a carrier transport layer and a counter electrode sequentially formed on a transparent substrate. An absorbance peak of the semiconductor layer is located on a shorter wavelength side of the absorbance spectrum than that of the semiconductor layer observed immediately after the dye sensitizer is adsorbed.    USE - As a dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive cell has a high open-circuit voltage and high photoelectric conversion efficiency as well by decreasing the leak current.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a manufacturing method of the dye-sensitized solar cell having the transparent conductive layer (2, 7), the porous semiconductor layer (6), the carrier transport layer (4) and the counter electrode sequentially formed on the transparent substrate (1, 8), comprising shifting the absorbance peak of the porous semiconductor layer to the shorter wavelength side of the absorbance spectrum than that of the porous semiconductor layer observed immediately after the dye sensitizer (5) is adsorbed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a layer structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell.    Transparent substrate (1, 8)    Transparent conductive layer (2, 7)    Carrier transport layer (4)    Dye sensitizer (5)    Porous semiconductor layer (6)
NOVELTY - A plasma fuel reformer (12) comprises a plasma-generating assembly (42), a housing (48) having an internal wall surface that defines a reaction chamber (50), and a catalytic substrate (20) positioned in the reaction chamber and having an outer surface.    USE - For use in a vehicle or stationary power generator for reforming hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate gas, e.g. hydrogen-rich gas for use in internal combustion engine, emission abatement device, or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The plasma fuel reformer is highly efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a fuel reformer, comprising operating a plasma-generating assembly to produce a partially reformed gas from a fuel, advancing the partially reformed gas into an inner region of a catalytic substrate without first passing through the substrate, and advancing the partially reformed gas out of the inner region and through the catalytic substrate into a reaction chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a plasma fuel reformer having a cylindrically-shaped catalytic substrate.    Plasma fuel reformer (12)    Catalytic substrate (20)    Substrate body (22)    Plasma-generating assembly (42)    Housing (48)    Reaction chamber (50)
NOVELTY - A thin-film radiator comprises an electrical contact in a thin-film layer, a cover layer for radiating waste heat migrating vertically through it, a spreader for migrating horizontally the waste heat under the electrical contact, and a circuit layer for migrating vertically the waste heat from an electronic device.    USE - The thin-film radiator is used for radiating waste heat from electronic device. It is useful in thin-film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive radiator efficiently radiates waste heat from electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of the inventive thin-film radiator.
NOVELTY - Electrical power generation is performed by hydrogen manufacture from steam and burning the hydrogen. The exhaust end steam of a thermal power generation installation or an electric power generation installation enables hydrogen manufacture.    USE - For generating hydrogen and electrical power using exhaust heat from a power station, such as a thermal power generation installation or a nuclear reactor, etc.    ADVANTAGE - An improvement of electrical power generation efficiency can be achieved by the combined cycle power generation using the hydrogen in an internal combustion engine or a fuel cell. The hydrogen can provide the energy for a fuel cell or desalination of seawater. without causing a pollution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a pressurization water-type light water reactor (PWR). (Drawing includes non-English language text).    steam generator (1)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a reactor (1) for producing reformed gas, a flow path (6) for connecting inlet and exit of reactor, a gaseous phase evaporator (22) for producing water vapor in flow path, and a circulation system (4). The reformed gas is obtained by reacting a modification raw material, oxygen and water vapor in the reactor. The gas ejected from exit of reactor is re-circulated to inlet, in circulation system.    USE - For producing hydrogen-containing gas used for fuel cell of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier has excellent load strange dynamic-response property, and has simple and precise structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a structure of modification-type power plant equipped with modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Auto-thermal modifier (1)    Gaseous phase vaporizer (3)    Circulation system (4)    Flow path (6)    Heat exchangers (11-13)    Evaporator (22)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1a) has an airtight container (13) for accommodating fuel containing liquid mixture of alcohol, ether and water, vaporizer (17) for vaporizing fuel, modifier (11) for modifying vaporized fuel to hydrogen rich gas, carbon monoxide removal unit for removing carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen rich gas, and fuel cell main portion (9) for generating electric power by reacting hydrogen rich gas and oxygen.    USE - For generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system is compact, and modification efficiency of fuel is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel contains dimethyl ether, water, and methanol or ethanol. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel; and    (2) airtight container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell system (1a)    fuel electrode (5)    fuel cell main frame (9)    modifier (11)    airtight container (13)    vaporizer (17)
NOVELTY - The fuel has boiling point of 100-300 degreesC, cetane number of 45 or more, cetane index of 47 or more, and capacitance ratio of isoparaffin and normal paraffin of 0.8 or more.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel is efficient for generating hydrogen and electric power for a long period of time. Deterioration of modification catalyst is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of electric power generation using the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system which contains steam reforming type modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel has boiling point of 100-320 degreesC, density of more than 0.8010 g/cm cubed at 15 degreesC and capacitance ratio of isoparaffin and normal paraffin of 1.5 or more.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel is suitable for generating hydrogen and electric power efficiently for a long period of time. Deterioration of modification catalyst is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of electric power generation using the polymer electrolyte fuel cell which contains the reforming type modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel comprises hydrocarbon mixture containing 7 mass ppm or less of alkyl benzothiophene, and has boiling point of 100-320 degreesC.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed) such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), melting carbonate type fuel cell (MCFC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel generates hydrogen and electric power efficiently and stably for long period of time. The fuel suppresses the deterioration of catalyst and provides durable fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) desulfurizing method; and    (2) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of electric power generation using fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The electrochemical device (1) consists of electrode poles (2,3), and an electrolyte (5) provided between the electrodes. The electrolyte comprises alkali solution containing alkali-metal borohydride. A unit for supplying oxidizing agent is provided on electrode pole (2).    USE - For generating electrochemical energy (claimed) used as power source of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - High electrochemical energy is economically generated using the electrochemical device. Since the generation of water is controlled using electrolyte containing alkali solution of alkali-metal borohydride, the need for providing water recycle mechanism and water storage tank is eliminated. Safety is ensured and leakage of hydrogen gas is prevented, since there is no existence of hydrogen gas in electrochemical reaction. The need for installing hydrogen manufacturing apparatus and refiner is eliminated, since supply of pure hydrogen gas is eliminated. Size of electrochemical device is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The alkali solution containing alkali-metal borohydride, is potassium hydroxide aqueous solution or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The alkali solution further contains alkali swelling clay mineral.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical energy generation method using electrochemical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of electrochemical device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrochemical device (1)    electrode poles (2,3)    container (4)    alkali-metal borohydride-containing alkali solution (5)    oxygen-containing gas (6)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor element has a crystal growth film on a substrate (110), and electrodes provided on the upper and/or lower side of the crystal growth film.    USE - Used as a semiconductor laser (claimed), light emitting diode, solar cell, high electron mobility transistor, and heterojunction bipolar transistor.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor element has improved durability and suppresses negative external factor resulting from heat radiation, distortion and impurity diffusion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the semiconductor element.    p-electrode (101)    insulation film (102)    p-guide layer (104)    n-guide layer (106)    substrate (110)
NOVELTY - A porous membrane (3) containing titanium oxide nanotubes (5), is formed on an electrically conductive film (2) formed on flexible plastic or polyester film (1), such that the longitudinal axis of the nanotube is oriented vertically with respect to surface of film (2).    USE - For manufacturing base material for electrodes used in liquid crystal display (LCD) element, optoelectric transducer used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electron mobility effect of the electrode is improved by the orientation of the nanotubes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the manufacturing process of the base material for electrode.    Plastic film (1)    Conductive film (2)    Porous membrane (3)    Base material (4)    Nanotube (5)
NOVELTY - The catalyst layer film of fuel cell contains organic type compound component in less than preset concentration. The catalyst layer film is formed in the shape of film on the surface of polymeric group ion exchange membrane having property as electrolyte, and forms a polymer film-catalyst layer film electrode conjugant.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst layer film provides a high quality fuel cell with little impurity concentration. The impurity concentration in catalyst layer film is efficiently controlled by addition of reaction preventing agent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic type compound component is formic acid, acetic acid or oxalic acid. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of catalyst layer film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows rate of drying with respect to antioxidant concentration added to catalyst coating material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A cathode (8) is arranged in a reactor (2) and an anode (9) is arranged in a hydrogen separation chamber (4). The cathode and the anode are connected by a proton conductive material (10). The hydrogen is electrochemically moved to the sealed hydrogen separation chamber from the reactor, after applying electricity to the cathode and the anode from a power supply (11).    USE - For manufacturing high-pressure hydrogen for use in fuel-cell electric vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The need for compressor to obtain high-pressure hydrogen is eliminated, reducing the energy and the cost required for raising the pressure of the hydrogen. The energy efficiency of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is increased. The manufacturing cost of the fuel cell is reduced, by eliminating the need for interconnector.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) high-pressure hydrogen manufacturing apparatus which has hydrothermal supply unit to supply water and heat to the reactor. The oxygen ion is ionized, during reaction of hydrocarbon fuel and water vapor to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The generated hydrogen is utilized in a fuel cell. The water generated in the fuel cell is used in the reactor. The carbon dioxide is separated in a carbon dioxide separation chamber in the reactor; and    (b) fuel-cell electric vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view explaining high-pressure hydrogen manufacturing method.    Reactor (2)    Hydrogen separation chamber (4)    Cathode (8)    Anode (9)    Proton conductive material (10)    Power supply (11)
NOVELTY - A storage tank (20) stores cyclic hydrocarbon and dehydrogenation product, and has a coagulation unit to cool and coagulate the dehydrogenation product.    USE - For hydrogen gas production apparatus (claimed) to supply hydrogen gas to internal combustion engine such as fuel cell or hydrogen fueled engine vehicle mounted on vehicle such as electric vehicle and gasoline engine.    ADVANTAGE - The storage tank increases the efficiency of cyclic hydrocarbon. The catalyst used for dehydrogenation has excellent reaction efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen gas production apparatus, which has storage tank which supplies cyclic hydrocarbon on the catalyst (23) for carrying out dehydrogenation and to produce hydrogen gas and dehydrogenation product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the storage tank. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    dehydrogenation device (2a1-2an)    reaction tank (10)    storage tank (20)    radiator (30)    cooling pipe (42)
NOVELTY - Modifying system produces reformed gas from original fuel gas. The modifying system has a water vapor producing unit (A), a mixer to mix water vapor in original fuel gas or reformed gas, and a reflux unit to reflux water which is not converted to water vapor. Water, which generates water vapor more than water vapor volume needed based on load of modifying system is supplied to unit (A) at time of steady operation.    USE - For fuel reforming system of fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The modifying system quickly and economically produces water vapor by refluxing water which is not converted to water vapor in the water vapor producing unit, when the load is increased, without requiring special installations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Modifying system produces reformed gas from original fuel gas, and supplies reformed gas to fuel cell. The modifying system has a water vapor producing unit (A), a mixer to mix water vapor in original fuel gas or reformed gas, a reflux unit to reflux water which is not converted to water vapor in unit (A). Water, which generates water vapor more than the water vapor volume needed according to a load of the modification system, is supplied to the unit (A) at the time of steady operation.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for water vapor generator. The boiling point of the water supplied to the unit (A) controls the pressure of the water, so that the catalyst in the reactor is maintained at optimal temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of water vapor generator of the modifying system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifying reaction unit (1)    Shift-reaction device (2)    Carbon monoxide removal reactor (3)    Heat exchanger (4)    Heated water tank (5)
NOVELTY - The manufacturing apparatus of hydrogen and carbon dioxide has a carbon-dioxide separation membrane (5). The membrane moves and separates carbon dioxide from reactor (2) to carbon-dioxide separation chamber (6). The reactor performs reaction of hydrocarbon group fuel and water vapor, and produces carbon dioxide and hydrogen.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is useful as a fuel for fuel cells used to power electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing apparatus of hydrogen and carbon dioxide quickly and efficiently produces hydrogen and carbon dioxide with high productivity, consumes reduced amount of energy, and is economical. Carbon dioxide with high purity is absorbed and discharged continuously using carbon dioxide separation membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide;    (2) manufacturing apparatus of carbon dioxide; and    (3) isolation of carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of process of separation of carbon dioxide.    reactor (2)    carbon dioxide separation membrane (5)    carbon dioxide separation chamber (6)    porous membrane (29)    inactive nanoparticle (30)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide selective oxidation device (17) is equipped with a catalyst layer which oxidizes carbon monoxide in the reformed gas. A cooler (21) cools the catalyst layer using cooling water. A constriction portion (23) is provided at the flow path of the reformed gas near the cooler. A controller (27) controls the water quantity of the cooler based on the detected temperature of the construction portion.    USE - For oxidizing carbon monoxide in hydrogen rich reformed gas from hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (claimed) which then supplies reformed gas into fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By providing the constriction portion, the reformed gas is squeezed and mixed, even if temperature of the reformed gas in the flow path is non-uniform, thereby average reformed gas temperature is detected reliably. Since catalyst layer temperature is controlled by adjusting the water quantity of the cooler based on the average gas temperature, carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is stably decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformed gas is added with oxygen or oxygen containing gas. Ratio between width of the temperature detector (25) attached at the construction portion and the depth of the constriction portion is between 2-20. The temperature detector has heat conducting fin extended to the flow path of the reformed gas. Catalyst layer is divided into upstream side and downstream side of reformed gas flow.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus which is equipped with modifier which generates the reformed gas containing hydrogen from hydrocarbon type fuel and the carbon monoxide selective oxidation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the carbon monoxide selective oxidation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon monoxide selective oxidation device (17)    cooler (21)    constriction portion (23)    temperature detector (25)    controller (27)
NOVELTY - A modification catalyst is arranged in a modification unit (12) for modification reaction of the fuel. A cooling-medium supply unit is arranged in the post modifier stage, to supply nitrogen gas through a nitrogen purge opening (14), during increase in the temperature of the catalyst.    USE - For modifying fuel into hydrogen-rich fuel, used in fuel cell system (claimed) for use in fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The overheating of the modification catalyst is prevented, by suppressing temperature increase of the catalyst and thereby damage to the fuel modifier is prevented. The energy efficiency of the fuel cell system is raised.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modification unit is arranged downstream to an evaporation unit (11) and upstream to a carbon monoxide purification unit (13). The carbon monoxide of predetermined amount is reduced in the fuel by the purification unit. A residual-gas discharge port (15) ejects residual gas remaining in the post modifier stage.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system which has fuel cell to produce electricity by receiving fuel from the modifier; and    (2) overheating prevention method which involves supplying cooling medium such as nitrogen gas to the post modifier stage, during increased in the temperature of the modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporation unit (11)    modification unit (12)    carbon monoxide purification unit (13)    nitrogen purge opening (14)    residual-gas discharge port (15)
NOVELTY - The catalytic reaction apparatus (1) has a catalyst layer which produces exothermic reaction using a reactive gas, a coolant layer to exchange heat, and catalyst temperature control unit. The temperature of catalyst layer is controlled according to the reactive gas flow amount that flows into the catalyst layer, by the catalyst temperature control unit.    USE - For fuel reforming system and fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic reaction apparatus controls the temperature of the catalyst layer to a suitable reaction temperature, even at fluctuating load conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel reforming system; and    (2) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalytic reaction apparatus (1)    pressure control valve (4)    flow amount adjusting unit (5)    modifier (6)    flow amount detecting sensor (8)
NOVELTY - The adsorbing agent holds silver, alumina or silica-alumina. The average pore radius, specific surface area and pore volume are set to 60 Angstrom, 50 m2/g and 0.6 ml/g, respectively.    USE - For adsorption of sulfur compound contained in hydrocarbon fuel, petrochemical raw material discharged from motor vehicle and dimethyl ether fuel discharged from industry.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to remove sulfur compound easily and efficiently and ensures economical manufacturing process of adsorption agent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacturing method of the adsorption agent for sulfur compound removal; and    (2) manufacturing method of hydrogen for fuel cells.
NOVELTY - An oxide or nitride film having Vickers hardness of more than 300 is formed on the end face of a silicon block for a thickness of more than 10 microns by plasma spraying process. The film formed silicon block is cut to form semiconductor wafers.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor wafer (claimed) used for solar cell manufacture (claimed) e.g. for polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of defect and crack in the wafer periphery so reducing generation of damage in the wafer resulting in improvement of the semiconductor wafer manufacture. Reduces cost of semiconductor wafer manufacture by forming the film using plasma spraying process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) semiconductor wafer; and    (2) solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph explains the yield rate of wafer with respect to Vickers hardness of the film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A supply unit (6) supplies formic acid or formate into a reactor (7) so that the microorganism having dehydrogenation gene and hydrogenase gene react with the formic acid or formate to produce hydrogen. A fuel cell (8) outputs electrical and heat energy using the hydrogen from the reactor.    USE - For recovering energy such as electrical energy and heat energy using biomass discarded from home, supermarket, department store, hotel, hospital, amusement facility, foodstuff industry, airport.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical and heat energy are easily produced using the biomass. The energy recovery efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A supply unit (6) supplies formic acid or formate into a reactor (7) so that the microorganism having dehydrogenation gene and hydrogenase gene react with the formic acid or formate to produce hydrogen. A fuel cell (8) outputs electrical and heat energy using the hydrogen from the reactor. The microorganism cultivated in aerobic condition is cultivated in anaerobic condition using the formic acid containing culture solution. The formic acid is formed by carbon monoxide derived from the biomass.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram of the energy recovery system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Processing unit (1)    Pulverizer (2)    Supply unit (6)    Reactor (7)    Fuel cell (8)
NOVELTY - A ultra-high density high-energy plasma particles (2) are generated by laser ablation. The plasma is collided and reacted with plasma produced by separate plasma reaction. The resulting plasma mixture is then formed into a thin film.    USE - For preparation of thin-film (claimed) used for manufacture of solar cell, light emitting element and light receiving element.    ADVANTAGE - The method controls particle size distribution of nano crystals, and produces thin film having single particle size distribution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the thin-film forming apparatus using the laser ablation method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    silicon plasma (1)    plasma (2)    silicon wafer (3)    substrate (4)
NOVELTY - The component (casting mold) (10) consists of a silicon nitride layer (12) formed on the surface of a carbon base material (11). The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface of carbon base material which touches the silicon nitride layer is 1-15 micro meters measured based on JIS B 0601.    USE - As casting mold used in casting of polycrystalline silicon used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon nitride layer formed on surface of carbon base material shows strong anchor effect between the base materials. The silicon nitride layer seldom exfoliates from the carbon base material, therefore the silicon melt solution is prevented from contacting carbon base material. Silicon ingot is removed from casting mold without damage. The component has high durability and can be used repeatedly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of polycrystalline silicon casting apparatus using the polycrystal silicon casting component. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Casting mold (10)    Carbon base material (11)    Silicon nitride layer (12)    Main portion of polycrystalline silicon casting apparatus (20)    Silicon melt solution (40)
NOVELTY - At the free side (20) of the cathode layer (5) a contact unit (21) is arranged. This is connected for electrical conduction with the cathode layer and a second interconnector (30). Its mechanical connection is secured by bonding and/or interlocking.    USE - A fuel cell construction e.g. for use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell (and/or electrolyzer) resists changing mechanical- and thermal stresses. It has a high electrical power density. The method of manufacture is economical and easily carried out. It is particularly suited for mass production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross section of the construction is presented.    electrode layer (3)    anode layer (4)    cathode layer (5)    first interconnector (7)    free side (20)    contact unit (21)    second interconnector (30)    ceramic bonding layer (40)
NOVELTY - The titanium nanotube has length of 1 microm or more.    USE - For sensors (claimed) such as ultra violet sensor, infrared sensor, gas sensor and photosensor. Also used as photocatalyst, ultraviolet absorption-shielding agent, sunscreen agent, photoelectric cell material, electro conductive filler and bone filler.    ADVANTAGE - The titanium nanotube has favorable electrical property. Since the amount of electrical property of nanotube changes with respect to light irradiation, the amount of light irradiation is easily measured. The nanotube further enables to determine the gas concentration by calculating the change of electrical property of nanotube by adsorption of specific gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) sensor comprising the titanium nanotube and electrode; and    (2) manufacture of titanium nanotube comprising dispersing titania powder in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at a temperature of at least 60 degrees C.
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises a nitrogenous active carbide, in which presence ratio of carbon involved in shakeup process is controlled.    USE - As oxygen reduction catalyst used as oxygen pole catalyst in electrodes used in fuel cells (all claimed), especially polyelectrolyte type fuel cell and phosphoric acid fuel cell used as electric power generating apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is effectively and efficiently applied for electrodes used in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of catalyst which involves firing carbon and nitrogen content compound, which is then steam activated. The spin density of unpaired electrons of carbon involved in shake-up process is controlled, such that g-value of unpaired electron-1 is 1.9930-2, and that of unpaired electron-2 is 2.002-2.0026;    (2) electrochemical device which comprises the catalyst mixed with ion conductive polymer used in electrodes, or a membrane/electrode assembly;    (3) catalyst electrode which comprises molded powder form mixture comprising the nitrogen containing carbonaceous catalyst and/or a hydrogen ion conductive polymeric material; and    (4) membrane/electrode assembly, in which a hydrogen ion conductive film joins the catalyst electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the synthesizing apparatus of nitrogen containing activated carbide.    sample pipe (21)    electric furnace (23)    core tube (24)    heating region (25)    heater (26)
NOVELTY - A water feed pump (10) supplies the required quantity of water to a modification unit (14) where water is converted into water vapor using an evaporator (12). A combustor (26) maintains the suitable temperature in the modification unit by burning of fuel. The feed pump sends more quantity of water to the modification unit, when the temperature of unit (14) exceeds preset value.    USE - Used for the modification of hydrocarbon type gas into hydrogen gas using water vapor in fuel cell equipped power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The overheating of the modification unit is prevented due to the extra supply of water by the feed pump.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modification unit generates hydrogen gas from the hydrocarbon type gas. The water vapor discharge pipe (38) is connected to a reformed hydrogen gas supply piping (34) which is joined to hydrogen gas utilization portion.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the modifier usage system, which includes the modifier and the hydrogen gas utilization apparatus having pump to circulate cooling water. A connector piping connects the circulation pump and the feed pipe.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell equipped power generation system using the modifier.    fuel cell equipped power generation system (2)    modifier (4)    feed pump (10)    evaporator (12)    modification unit (14)    combustor (26)    reformed gas supply piping (34)    water vapor discharge pipes (38)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (1) comprises membrane electrode assembly (MEA) plates (26) of two types, stacked through an insulator.    USE - Fuel cell using membrane electrode assembly (MEA) plate. This MEA plate is used in water electrolysis apparatus used for secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell using MEA plate can be manufactured at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell.    fuel cell (1)    casing (2)    nozzle (5)    MEA plate (26)    flow paths (40,45)
NOVELTY - The sputtering yield is determined based on conditions such as acceleration voltage of ion and projection angle of ion. The beta-iron silicide film is formed using a sputtering method for which sputtering yield of more than 2.4 is obtained.    USE - Forming beta-iron silicide film on silicon substrate for light emitting element and light receiving element used in solar cell, optical sensor, electronic device and for optical communication between semiconductor chips.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming beta-iron silicide film with high light emitting/reception efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph representing the relationship between the sputtering yield value and film thickness.(Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The semiconductor thin film contains silicon and/or hydrogen. The ratio of scattering peak intensity (ITA) in horizontal sound vibration mode and scattering peak intensity (ITO) in optical vibration mode obtained from Raman scattered spectrum, of the semiconductor thin film is 0.35 or less.    USE - For semiconductor used in optoelectric transducer (claimed) and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor thin film has high light stability and improved short-range order, and high productivity of high quality optoelectric transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor thin film further contains germanium, tin, carbon, nitrogen and/or oxygen.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the Raman scattered spectrum of amorphous-type silicon film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The converter has a conductive layer (5) formed on semiconductor layer (4) that is formed on granular crystal semiconductor (2). A polyimide insulator (3) is arranged between the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer (5) at the lower portion of the granular crystal semiconductor.    USE - Photoelectric converter used for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric converter has high reliability and low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric converter manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of the photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Granular crystal semiconductor (2)    Insulator (3)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Conductive layer (5)    Alloy layer (15)
NOVELTY - A indium-tin oxide layer (304) is formed on the defective portion (308) of the photovoltaic element. The defective portion is processed by removing the formed layer by electrolysis, after which a zinc oxide layer (305) is formed on the indium-tin oxide layer to form laminated photovoltaic element with a pin junction (306).    USE - For manufacturing lamination type photovoltaic element for manufacture of laminated double type solar cell and laminated triple type solar cell used for supplying electric power at home.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic element having favorable property is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of photovoltaic element manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    indium tin oxide layer (304)    zinc oxide layer (305)    defective portion (308)    pin junction (306)    laminated type photovoltaic element (313)
NOVELTY - The element has a transparent conductive layer (103) containing crystal phase formed on a substrate (101). The substrate (101) has another transparent conductive layer containing crystal phase on another substrate, such that the average value of crystal grain diameter of crystal phase contained in another layer is greater than average value of crystal grain diameter of crystal phase contained in layer (103).    USE - Photovoltaic element.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves cost reduction of the photovoltaic element. The photovoltaic element is utilized over a long period of time under humid and high temperature. Maintains the stability of the photoelectric transfer characteristic.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photovoltaic element.    substrate (101)    N-type semiconductor layer (102-1)    P-type semiconductor layer (102-3)    N-type semiconductor layer (102-4)    transparent conductive layer (103)
NOVELTY - A particle dispersion group resin sheet (1) contains an epoxy resin (102) and an inorganic oxide (101). The epoxy resin has dicyclopentadiene group structure. The inorganic oxide has average particle diameter of 1 nm to 100 microns.    USE - Useful as substrate for image display devices, solar cells (all claimed), and electroluminescent display devices.    ADVANTAGE - The particle dispersion group resin sheet is thin, lightweight, and has excellent heat resistance, toughness, strength, dimensional stability, and high light transmittance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) substrate having the resin sheet for image display device;    (2) image display device having the substrate; and    (3) substrate having the resin sheet for solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of the resin sheet.    Resin sheet (1)    Inorganic oxide (101)    Epoxy resin (102)
NOVELTY - Novel polyarylene ether sulfone has structural repeating units of sulfo alkoxy group and hydroxyl group, and is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent.    USE - For cross-linked polyarylene ether sulfone polymer film used in polymeric electrolyte film material (both claimed), pharmaceutical, medicinal separation membrane, precise filtration film, ultrafiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, diffusion dialysis membrane, electrical machinery dialysis membrane, gas separation membrane, electronic material, antistatic film, printed circuit board, anti-reflective coating, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, lithium ion battery, pigment sensitization type solar cell and organic solar cell, and as polymeric material.    ADVANTAGE - The cross-linked polyarylene ether sulfone provides the film having excellent water resistance, electrical property, heat resistance and mechanical characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Novel polyarylene ether sulfone having structural repeating unit of sulfo alkoxy group and hydroxyl group of formula (1), is cross-linked by a cross-linking agent.    R1,R2 = H or 1-6C alkyl;    R3 = 1-10C alkylene group;    m,n = 0-1; and    a+b+c+d,e+f+g+h = more than 0.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of cross-linked polyarylene ether sulfone, which involves using 0.001-100 mol of cross-linking agent per 1 mol of polyarylene ether sulfone in cross-linking reaction;    (2) cross-linked polyarylene ether sulfone polymer film, which contains cross-linked polyarylene ether sulfone;    (3) manufacture of cross-linked polyarylene ether sulfone polymer film, which involves mixing polyarylene ether sulfone and cross-linking agent in presence solvent in process (1), and forming film by molding, cross-linking and removing solvent from liquid mixture (1) in process (2); and    (4) polymeric electrolyte film, which contains cross-linked polyarylene ether sulfone polymer film.
NOVELTY - A polymer has composite structure of organic halogenated boron and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring.    USE - For electrolyte used for electrochemical devices (both claimed) such as lithium primary battery, lithium secondary battery, lithium ion battery and electrical-double-layer capacitor, fuel cell and solar cell. Electrochemical devices are used as power source for portable devices such as electrical vehicles, portable computer and mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer provides electrolyte and electrochemical device with excellent reliability, ionic conductivity and cation transportability. The electrochemical device further has improved electrical property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrolyte, which contains the polymer ; and    (2) electrochemical device, which is equipped with the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Constructing a solar cell involves coating an electrode by titanium dioxide; heating to 450degreesC at a rate of 10degreesC/minute, waiting for 1 hour and cooling at same rate; applying pigment on the electrode; placing counter electrode on the coated electrode after applying electrolyte to both and sealing with an adhesive to prevent air contact. The counter electrode is coated by an electrically conductive material. Also a second pigment film is applied on the coated electrode.    USE - For producing solar cells (claimed) useful as window glasses for self-energy sufficient solar houses-buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell produced by method is simple, low cost, transparent, and produces electricity in satisfactory power ranges.
NOVELTY - Fuel for controlled-ignition engines with an F4 octane rating of at least 130 comprises isoparaffins with 6-9 carbon atoms, isoparaffins with 4 or 5 carbon atoms and at least 5 vol.% cycloparaffins with 6-8 carbon atoms. The isoparaffin/cycloparaffin volume ratio is more than 2.    USE - The fuel is especially useful in aircraft engines and in engines of racing vehicles or the like (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel has a high octane rating and a low aromatics (especially benzene) content.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for use of the fuel in a fuel treatment unit, e.g. a reformer coupled to a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Dimethyl carbonate synthesis catalyst is manufactured by holding strong acid on support containing compound having solid acid site.    USE - For synthesizing dimethyl carbonate from acetone dimethyl acetal and supercritical carbon dioxide, used as raw material for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is easy to handle and is manufactured economically. The catalyst is non-toxic and has excellent activity. Dimethyl carbonate is synthesized with high conversion ratio and fuel cell with high efficiency is provided.
NOVELTY - Generation of electricity and desalinating salinous water includes generating electricity with a fuel cell, and powering a desalination system with electricity from the fuel cell to produce fresh water from the salinous water.    USE - For generation of electricity and desalinating salinous water, e.g. brackish water and/or seawater.    ADVANTAGE - The invention reduces the emissions in the environment. It increases the portable water production and decreases the relative energy consumption of the desalination system. It simultaneously and efficiently produces electricity and water. The hybrid system used in the invention provides improved overall system efficiencies, generally exceeding the typical efficiencies of either fuel-cell power plants or traditional desalination plants.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hybrid system (120) for generating electricity and desalinating salinous water, comprising a fuel cell (122) that generates electricity and thermal energy exhaust; and a desalination system (130) powered by the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a view of a hybrid system.    Hybrid system (120)    Fuel cell (122)    Desalination system (130)    Salinous water-feed line (132)    Heat exchanger (140)
NOVELTY - A catalyst system comprises flow passage; catalyst structure in the flow passage; and non-thermal plasma generator for generating a non-thermal plasma in at least a portion of the catalyst structure.    USE - For use in water-gas shift reactor of a fuel processor of a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the foam catalyst support structure allows the plasma to permeate throughout the catalyst bed structure. Since the foam monolith is rigid, friable destruction of the support is avoided. The catalyst can be uniformly and controllably available on the walls of the foam catalyst support structure from centerline to wall and inlet to exit. The foam structure can be selected from varying pore densities throughout the bed, and by varying the catalyst support material, catalyst type, and loading.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of catalytically converting a first gaseous medium to a second gaseous medium, comprising providing a catalyst structure in a flow passage; generating a non-thermal plasma in the catalyst structure; and flowing the first gaseous medium through the flow passage for converting the first gaseous medium to a second gaseous medium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a fuel cell system including a water-gas shift (WGS) reactor.
NOVELTY - A compound solar battery includes: a cell body having pn-junction layer of single crystal to which sunlight enters; first electrode formed directly on a surface on a side opposite to sunlight entering side of the cell body and having a prescribed thickness to support the cell body; and a second electrode formed on a surface of the sunlight entering side of the cell body.    USE - Used as compound solar battery for aerospace applications.    ADVANTAGE - The compound solar battery improves efficiency of conversion to electric energy. It has high degree of freedom in its shape. The removed substrate for epitaxial growth can be used again, thus enabling cost reduction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing a compound solar battery by:    (1) forming a first cell layer having a first band gap on a surface of a semiconductor substrate by epitaxial growth;    (2) forming a second cell layer having a second band gap lower than the first band gap on the first cell layer;    (3) forming a first electrode having a prescribed thickness to support the first and second cell layers directly on the second cell layer;    (4) separating the first cell layer from substrate; and    (5) forming a second electrode on a surface of the first cell layer exposed by separation from the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a labeled cross-section of the compound solar battery.
NOVELTY - A reinforcing material (6) such as aramid fiber, is inserted in to the package (3) connected to battery laminate structure (1), at the time of molding of package with manifold (2).    USE - Manifold packing structure of fuel cell used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The durability of manifold packing structure of fuel cell, is improved easily by inserting reinforcing material into the package.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reinforcing material (6) such as aramid fiber, is inserted in to the package (3) connected to battery laminate structure (1), at the time of molding of package with manifold (2).    A sealant consists of a thermoplastic resin with a specific melting point.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the manifold packing structure of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    battery laminate structure (1)    manifold (2)    package (3)    hollow (4)    reinforcing material (6)
NOVELTY - Diamond like carbon (DLC) layer is formed in the rolling elements (2) contact surface of the holder (3), when lubrication is carried out with fluorine grease.    USE - For compressor (claimed) used in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides suitable roller bearing for compressor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the roller bearing.    Rolling elements (2)    Holder (3)
NOVELTY - A source gas containing methane gas, carbon dioxide and high concentration water is supplied to a tower (A,B) packed with specific porous material, without removing water from source gas. Carbon dioxide and water content are adsorbed with the porous material. Subsequently, pressure in the tower is reduced, and adsorbed water and carbon dioxide are desorbed and reproduced to separate methane gas from the source gas.    USE - For separating methane gas from source gas containing methane gas, carbon dioxide and water.    ADVANTAGE - Methane gas is effectively separated and recovered with high purity from the source gas, and separability of methane gas is not reduced for longer duration even when the source gas contains water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A source gas containing methane gas, carbon dioxide and high concentration water is supplied to a tower (A,B) packed with porous material, without removing water from the source gas. The porous material comprises complex consisting of metal and organic material. Carbon dioxide and water content which are easily adsorbing component, are adsorbed with the porous material. Subsequently, pressure in the tower is reduced, and adsorbed water and carbon dioxide are desorbed and reproduced to separate methane gas from the source gas by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) method. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for methane gas separating apparatus (A). The apparatus (A) consists of number of towers packed with porous material for adsorption and desorption. Each tower is equipped with source gas feeding pipe (1), product gas collecting pipe (2) and desorbed gas discharging pipe (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow sheet of methane gas separating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    source gas feeding pipe (1)    product gas collecting pipe (2)    desorbed gas discharging pipe (3)    raw material tank (10)    tower (A,B)
NOVELTY - The fuel modifier has burner (6), combustion tube (18) of hollow cylindrical shape, modified catalyst layer (3), fuel supply path, combustion air path (16) and air preheat portion (20) for pre-heating combustion air. The layer (3) is provided outside tube (18) via exhaust passage (17) of combustion exhaust gas, at axial center concentrically. The path (16) is provided inside tube (18) at axial center concentrically.    USE - For fuel cell power generating device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modifier has high energy efficiency, and is simple and compact. The air pre-heater decreases fluid pressure loss of combustion air. The modifier reduces the cost of fuel cell power generating device and improves power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel modifier has a burner (6), a combustion tube (18) of hollow cylindrical shape, a modified catalyst layer (3) for steam reforming of hydrocarbon group fuel, fuel supply path, combustion air path (16) and air preheat portion (20) for pre-heating combustion air with combustion exhaust gas of burner. The layer (3) is provided outside tube (18) via exhaust passage (17) of combustion exhaust gas, at axial center concentrically. The path (16) is provided inside the tube (18) at axial center concentrically. The burner heats the catalyst with combustion exhaust gas.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell power generating device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modified catalyst layer (3)    Burner (6)    Combustion air path (16)    Exhaust passage of combustion exhaust gas (17)    Combustion tube (18)    Air preheat portion (20)
NOVELTY - The solar battery element has electrodes (5, 6) on surface of a semiconductor substrate (1) which has a semiconductor junction portion. The electrode contains 0.005-5 wt.% of manganese or manganese compound by manganese conversion.    USE - As solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation of electrode is suppressed effectively, even when solder coating is not provided on electrode surface, and long-term reliability of solar battery element is ensured. Electroconductive resistance of the electrode is not raised, and output characteristics of the battery is not reduced. The electrode has high adhesion with the semiconductor substrate and favorable contact resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode further contains titanium, bismuth, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, iron, chromium, phosphorus, magnesium or its compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of solar battery element.    semiconductor substrate (1)    diffused layer (2)    BSF layer (4)    surface electrode (5)    reverse side electrode (6)
NOVELTY - The cell includes lower transparent electrically conductive film (7), optical absorption layer (3) and upper transparent electrically conductive film (5) sequentially formed on transparent substrate (1). A p-type semiconductor layer (8) or transparent metal film is interposed between optical absorption layer and lower transparent electrically conductive film.    USE - Double-sided light reception solar cell e.g. copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS) type solar cell and chalcopyrite solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A highly efficient solar cell is realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of double-sided light reception type solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent substrate (1)    optical absorption layer (3)    buffer layer (4)    upper and lower transparent electrically conductive films (5,7)    electrodes (11,12)
NOVELTY - A zinc oxide layer (303) is formed on a substrate (301). An n-type semiconductor layer (304), intrinsic layer (305) and p-type semiconductor layer (306) are formed sequentially over the zinc oxide layer.    USE - Manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is manufactured by simple process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of solar cell.    Substrate (301)    Zinc oxide layer (303)    Semiconductor layers (304-306)
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic element has island-type intermediate layer (404) containing metal oxide, formed between laminated photovoltaic layers (403,405) comprising silicon.    USE - Lamination-type photovoltaic element such as solar cell for optoelectric transducer.    ADVANTAGE - The short-circuit photoelectric current is increased and generation of defect in photovoltaic layer is decreased, by providing intermediate layer between photovoltaic layers. The favorable open circuit voltage and curve factor of photovoltaic element is obtained, and photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the lamination-type photovoltaic element.    reflection layer (402)    photovoltaic layers (403,405)    intermediate layer (404)    transparent electrode (406)
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic element has an absorption prevention layer (304) between reverse-side reflection layer (303) and a n-type semiconductor layer (305) stacked with the intrinsic (i) type and p-type semiconductor layers (306,307).    USE - Photovoltaic element such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The diffusion of the impurity element from the reverse-side reflection layer into the intrinsic type semiconductor layer is prevented so improving the properties of the photovoltaic element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic element formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a three layer tandem-type photovoltaic element.    Reverse-side reflection layer (303)    Absorption prevention layer (304)    n-type Semiconductor layer (305)    i-type Semiconductor layer (306)    p-type Semiconductor layer (307)
NOVELTY - The solar cell consists of a reflection layer (102), photo-voltaic layers (103,105) made of monocrystal or amorphous silicon, and an intermediate layer (104) laminated on a substrate (101). The inclination angle of the light incidence surface of the reflection layer is 20-40 degrees, and the inclination angle of the light incidence surface of the intermediate layer is 10-30 degrees.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The incident light can be collected efficiently, and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (101)    reflection layer (102)    photo-voltaic layers (103,105)    intermediate layer (104)
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic element includes a pair of transparent conductive layer arrangements among laminated semiconductor layers. The moisture content per unit volume present in one conductive layer is set to be greater than moisture content per unit volume of another conductive layer (103).    USE - E.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides excellent usage in the environment of varying temperature and low humidity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the stack-type photovoltaic element.    substrate (101)    N-type semiconductor layers (102-1,102-4)    P-type semiconductor layer (102-3)    transparent conductive layer (103)
NOVELTY - The cell has polycrystalline silicon semiconductor layers (3-5) formed sequentially on substrate (1). Layers (3,4) are doped with specific conductivity dopants. Layer (5) doped with opposite conductivity dopants has surface resistivity of less than 500 ohms. Anti-reflective silicon nitride layer (7) is formed on layer (5). Hydrogen content at the junction of layers (5,7) is more compared to junction of layers (5,4).    USE - Thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Increases electric power generation of the solar cell effectively by increasing the hydrogen content at the junction of the anti-reflective silicon nitride layer and one of the silicon semiconductor layer. Provides the cell with excellent photo-electric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (1)    silicon semiconductor layers (3-5)    anti-reflective silicon nitride layer (7)
NOVELTY - The fluid supply apparatus (1a) has an upper cover (2a) with a fluid suction inlet, a rotor (3a) with blades (7a), a diffuser (4a) and a motor (5a) for rotating the rotor. The longitudinal cross-section shape of bottom end of suction inlet, is in the form of a curve or straight line.    USE - For supplying fluid such as methanol, methane gas, oxidizing-agent gas and cooling water, to fuel cell mounted on notebook computer, mobile phone, cordless telephone, digital camera, video camera, portable CD player and portable mini disk (MD) player.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies fluid to small sized fuel cell, reliably. Allows adjustment of rotation balance of rotor, even after assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fluid supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fluid supply apparatus (1a)    upper cover (2a)    rotor (3a)    diffuser (4a)    motor (5a)    blade (7a)
NOVELTY - Photosensitization type solar cell has support (1) provided with conductive film (2) and semiconductor electrode (4), and opposing substrate (6) having conductive layer (5). An electrolyte layer (9) containing electrolyte and spherical insulating particles (12) of average particle diameter 40-800 nm and length to breadth ratio 1.2 or less is provided between layer (5) and electrode (4). Electrolyte contains iodine molecule and iodide.    USE - Photosensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - An efficient photosensitization type solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photosensitization type solar cell has support (1) sequentially provided with transparent electrically conductive film (2) and semiconductor electrode (4) supporting pigment on the surface. An opposing substrate (6) having conductive layer (5) on surface is arranged opposite to substrate. An electrolyte layer (9) containing electrolyte dispersed with spherical insulating particles (12) having average particle diameter of 40-800 nm and length to breadth ratio of 1.2 or less is provided between conductor layer and semiconductor electrode. The electrolyte contains iodine molecule and iodide. The spherical insulation particle is ceramic particle. The electrolyte is gel electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of photosensitization type solar cell.    Support substrate (1)    Transparent electrically conductive film (2)    Titanium oxide particle (3)    N-type semiconductor electrode (4)    Conductive layer (5)    Opposing substrate (6)    Epoxy resin (7,10)    Electrolyte (9)    Spherical insulating particles (12)
NOVELTY - Zinc oxide is adhered to a coating film using group 3 element or its oxide as dopant, and a zinc oxide film is formed by a film formation chamber. The oxygen partial pressure of the film formation chamber is adjusted and predetermined electron density of the film is obtained, during film formation.    USE - Used for manufacturing a zinc oxide film used for an active semiconductor layer of a thin-film transistor (TFT) and an electrode of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables efficient production of a zinc oxide film with controlled electron density, and excellent permeability and specific resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the relationship between oxygen partial pressure and carrier density. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An ionic compound comprises an anion (1) and a saturated N cation.    USE - For ionic conductive material (claimed) used for electrolyte liquid of electrochemical devices such as electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layer capacitor, solar cell, electrochromic display devices, and for primary battery, lithium secondary battery, and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conductive material has high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and corrosion prevention property with respect to electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ionic compound comprises an anion of formula (1) and a saturated N cation.    R1,R2 = organic residue.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ionic conductive material, which comprises ionic compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional model of the lithium secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An organic-inorganic composite proton conduction film has organic molecule chain containing group and proton donating group bonded to silicon-oxygen three-dimensional crosslinked matrix (1,2) via covalent bond.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed), energy device, electrode chemical sensor, display element and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).    ADVANTAGE - The organic-inorganic composite proton conduction film has high proton conductivity and flexibility. The elution of proton donor from the proton conduction film, is prevented. The resistance of the proton conduction film with respect to methanol aqueous solution is high. The output of fuel cell is improved by using the proton conduction film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic-inorganic composite proton conduction film has organic molecule chain containing group and proton donating group bonded to silicon-oxygen three-dimensional crosslinked matrix having structure of formula (1,2) via covalent bond.    R1,R2 = alkyl or aryl;    L1 = connecting group of valence (n1+1);    m1, m2, p = 1-3;    n1, n2 = 1-4;    asterisk = position bonded with silicon atom;    asteriskasterisk = position bonded with organic polymeric chain;    L2 = connecting group of valence (n2+p);and    A = proton donating group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell using proton conduction film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the electrode film formed using the proton conductive film.    Fuel cell electrode film composite (10)    Proton conduction film (11)    Anode (12)    Cathode (13)
NOVELTY - A rubber solution (2) is interposed between at least two sheets of supports (3, 4) via a roll, a slit or a press to obtain a laminate (8) of support/rubber solution film /support. The laminate is induced to a dry tank (10) and rubber solution is coagulated. A rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite is manufactured.    USE - For manufacture of rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite used for sealant of electronic device, such as fuel cell and capacitor, cushioning material, electrode material and current collection material of double layer capacitor, EM shielding material.    ADVANTAGE - The rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite is economically manufactured with favorable thickness and high quality and is homogenous.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a manufacturing process of rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite.    Rubber solution (2)    Support portion (3, 4)    Laminate portion consists of support portion/rubber solution (8)    Winding-up roll (9)    Dry tank (10)
NOVELTY - The transparent composite composition comprises a transparent resin and a glass filler having 1% or less of alkali metal component.    USE - For optical sheet, plastic substrate for display elements e.g. active-matrix display element (claimed), liquid crystal display element and organic electroluminescence element, substrate for color filters, touch-panel substrate and solar cell substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent composite composition has few ionic impurities of alkali metal, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high light transmittance and high reliability.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen-doped silicon, germanium and/or carbon polymorphic materials (I) are new.    USE - (I) are used in microelectronic or optoelectronic devices, sensors or imagers, e.g. electromechanical microsystems, thin film transistors, electromagnetic wave emitters or receivers, biochips and solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymorphic materials of formula (I) are new.    SixGeyCzXk : H (I)    x, y and z = 0 or more; k = a number greater than 0;    x + y + z = a number greater than 0; and    X = He, C, Group III element, Group V element, O, halogen, Ti, lanthanide and/or actinide.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: the following:    (1) a device comprising (I); and    (2) the production of (I) by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 400degreesC or below.
NOVELTY - The cartridge (1) generates hydrogen from lengthwise parallel cords (4) of a material such as a borohydride integrated in a holder (5) of an inert material connected to an igniter (3). The cords can be rectangular or circular in section, depending on the shape of the holder. In a variant of the design the cords can be made in an elongated U-shape, with ends furthest from the igniter joined together. Each cord contains sufficient hydrogen for a full recharge of a fuel cell, and the cords are ignited automatically when the tension measured at the terminals of the fuel accumulator drops below a set level.    USE - Producing hydrogen for the fuel cell of a portable electronic apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is produced in a continuous and regular manner, in a stable flow that is constant over time, resulting from a slow lengthwise combustion of the cords.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows lengthwise and cross- sections of the cartridge.    Cartridge (1)    Igniter (3)    Cords (4)    Holder (5)    Protective film layer (6)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (2) has first feed chamber for media stream flowing into the flow channel arrangement of first plate, a first removal chamber for media stream flowing out of the flow channel arrangement of first plate, a second feed chamber for media stream flowing into the flow channel arrangement of second plate and a second removal chamber for media stream flowing out of the flow channel arrangement of second plate.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell (2) has a first feed chamber for a media stream flowing into the flow channel arrangement of a first plate, a first removal chamber for a media stream flowing out of the flow channel arrangement of the first plate, a second feed chamber for a media stream flowing into the flow channel arrangement of a second plate and a second removal chamber for a media stream flowing out of the flow channel arrangement of the second plate. One of the above chambers is positioned in front of the front side of an edge element and the media stream flows across the front side of the edge element. A recess is formed in transition between the edge element and one of the plates.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell stack containing the above fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partial section of the fuel cell.    fuel cell (2)    first plate (4)    membrane (8)    first gas diffusion electrode (10)    second gas diffusion electrode (12)    second plate (14)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has chalcopyrite structured p-type semiconductor layer interposed between two electrode layers. N-type semiconductor layer is interposed between p-type semiconductor layer and one electrode layer. Band-gap of p-type layer increasing from n-type layer has more than 1.08 electron volt (eV) and 1.17 eV with respect to major surfaces of n-type semiconductor layer and one of the electrode layers, respectively.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides solar cell with high conversion efficiency and improves the reliability of the solar cell effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model explaining the band profile of the optical absorption layer of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell component comprises gas diffusion layer (I) comprising porous body, and electroconductive separator plate (II) comprising landing surface(s) formed on separator plate surface. The separator plate and landing surface comprise polymer and conductive filler. (I) is joined to (II) by impregnating some of the polymer on the landing surface within a portion of the porous body.    USE - For an electrochemical cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has improved electrical contact between the GDL and the separator so that the conductivity between the GDL and plate is not dependent on stack compression force. It results in negligible resistive loss between the GDL and the plates, leading to better overall performance of the electrochemical cell stack. The unitized GDL and plate component provide continuous support of the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly, homogenized diffusion, permeability, and GDL integrity, prevent the GDL from sinking into the flow field channels, provide better electrical contact between the GDL and the plate, and reduce the amount of stack compression force for satisfactory electrical conductivity between the membrane electrode assembly and the combined separator plate and GDL.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical cell stack comprising electrochemical cells having the inventive cell component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial side perspective view of a flow field plate and gas diffusion layer.    Separator plate (5)    Gas diffusion layer (15)
NOVELTY - Fuel removal/oxidative decomposition system comprises a fuel container for a direct oxidation fuel cell and comprising a fuel reservoir; conduit between reservoir and fuel cell; and an aperture between the reservoir and the ambient environment, where the aperture is covered with a fuel permeable material. The aperture and the fuel permeable material (4) are covered with a removable overlay providing an airtight and liquid seal.    USE - For removal/oxidative decomposition of fuel from a fuel container for use in direct oxidation fuel cell and direct oxidation fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system provides for safe removal of residual fuel from the spent fuel storage container(s) of a fuel cell and fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic side view of a fuel container having an aperture covered by a catalyzed material.    Fuel container (2)    Fuel permeable material (4)    Catalyst (6)    Overlay (8)
NOVELTY - A laminate comprises a first outer layer of weatherable film; a mid-layer(s) from poly(chlorotrifluoro ethylene), a polymeric film coated on one or both surfaces with liquid crystal polymer, liquid crystal polymers, metal foil, and polyester; and a second outer layer consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer free from cross-linking agent, and having white opacifying pigment (3-15 wt.%), where layers are bonded together in the order specified.    USE - Used as a solar panel (claimed). It is used as barrier protecting the encapsulant in photovoltaic modules.    ADVANTAGE - The white pigment results in increased optical density and reflectivity of the invention. This increases the power generation of photovoltaic cells. The invention is resistant to breakdown effects associated with exposure to environmental conditions including UV and other bands of sunlight, heat, moisture, and electrical forces. The opacity and high concentration of white pigment in the EVA in the second outer layer provides excellent protection for the polyester mid-layer, as well as increased permeability for gases generated in the lamination process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar panel comprising photovoltaic cells, and a laminate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional illustration of a laminate.
NOVELTY - A manganese-oxo-pyramid complex and a manganese-oxo-butterfly complex comprise pyramidal core and butterfly core, respectively, and bidentate ligands bridging between the manganese atoms.    USE - For use as catalyst in oxidizing a chloride to chlorine or in oxidizing water to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen (claimed); and also for use in fuel cell operations, welding, chemical synthesis, pulp and paper bleaching, fertilizers, sewage treatment, bleaching applications, hospitals, bulk chemical commodities (oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine), specialty chemical synthesis.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is capable of both two-electron and four-electron oxidation reactions with or without dehydrogenation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A manganese-oxo-pyramid complex of formula L6Mn4O3 and a manganese-oxo-butterfly complex of formula L6Mn4O2 or L5Mn4O2 comprise, respectively, Mn4O3 as a pyramidal core and 6 bidentate ligands bridging between the manganese (Mn) atoms and Mn4O2 as a butterfly core and 6 or 5 bidentate ligands bridging between the Mn atoms.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for oxidizing a chloride to chlorine and for oxidizing water to hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a tetramanganese-oxo cubane complex having the formula L6Mn4O4, wherein Mn4O4 is a cubane core and L6 are 6 facially capping bidentate ligands bridging between the Mn atoms or a manganese-oxo-pyramid complex having the formula L6Mn4O3.
NOVELTY - A carbide material electrode catalyst is obtained by adding metal(s), which is different from a transition metal, to a transition metal carbide material. The metal(s) is oxidized in an acidic electrolyte liquid, and an oxide film of predetermined thickness is formed such that the catalytic activity of the transition metal carbide material is not inhibited. The carbide material electrode catalyst has electrode potential of 0.4 V or more.    USE - Used for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The carbide material electrode catalyst has good corrosion resistance, electrode potential and catalytic activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of a carbide material electrode catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows an electric current potential curve and nitrogen atmosphere of electrode catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has a modifier (1), pressure rise apparatus (4), absorption agent, hydrogen purification apparatus (7), off-gas supply path (K), gas circulation unit (J) and close circuit (LC). The circuit (LC) returns the gas to apparatus (7) via apparatus (4) by flow path switching. The unit (J) switches gas passageway from apparatus (7) to circuit (LC) and carries out gas circulation.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen (claimed) used as fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus produces and supplies hydrogen rapidly and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has a modifier (1), pressure rise apparatus (4), absorption agent, hydrogen purification apparatus (7), off-gas supply path (K), gas circulation unit (J) and close circuit (LC). Water vapor is reacted with hydrocarbon gas under high temperature in the modifier, and is modified to hydrogen rich gas. The apparatus (4) compresses and increase the pressure of obtained gas. The adsorption agent adsorbs the impurity from pressurized gas, to obtain high purity hydrogen gas. The apparatus (7) desorbs the impurity from adsorption agent under pressure reduction, and the obtained off gas is supplied to the modifier as fuel gas by path (K). The circuit (LC) returns the gas to the apparatus (7) via apparatus (4) by flow path switching. The unit (J) switches the gas passageway from apparatus (7) to the circuit (LC) and carries out gas circulation. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen. Recycle operation is performed by returning the gas to apparatus (7) until modification operation is restarted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    pressure rise apparatus (4)    hydrogen purification apparatus (7)    gas circulation unit (J)    off-gas supply path (K)    close circuit (LC)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has a hydrogen purification apparatus (7) and an off-gas unit. Apparatus (7) adsorbs impurity in hydrogen rich gas by an adsorption agent, and high purity hydrogen is obtained. Off-gas unit has tank (9) for storing off-gas (7). Off-gas unit and apparatus (7) are connected by an off-gas supply path (L11) through the tank. Apparatus (7) and off-gas unit are connected with bypass (L14) which bypasses tank.    USE - For producing high purity hydrogen by adsorbing impurities in hydrogen rich gas, for fuel cell and fuel for burner.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus uses a low volume tank as tank for off gas. The internal pressure in the hydrogen purification apparatus is low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has an off-gas unit for using off gas from hydrogen purification apparatus (7). The hydrogen purification apparatus adsorbs impurity in hydrogen rich gas under pressurization using an adsorption agent, and high purity hydrogen is obtained. Off-gas unit has a tank (9) for storing off-gas produced from apparatus (7). Off-gas unit and apparatus (7) are connected by an off-gas supply path through the tank. The apparatus (7) and off-gas unit are connected with bypass which bypasses tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (4)    burner (4a)    hydrogen purification apparatus (7)    tank (9)    off-gas supply path (L11)    bypass (L14)
NOVELTY - A wafer carrier (2) holds the solar cell (1) with an arm (3) and immerses the cell into solder melt solution (6), to form solder layer at the surface of electrode. A holding bar (4) for preventing floating of solar cell while immersing it into solder melt solution, is provided at upper surface of the cell.    USE - Solar cell manufacturing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is reliably held in wafer carrier even when the cells are immersed at high speed into solder melt solution. The adhesion of solder to the cell is prevented. The crack of solar cell during manufacturing process is also prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the solar cell manufacturing apparatus.    solar cell (1)    wafer carrier (2)    arm (3)    holding bar (4)    solder tank (5)    solder melt solution (6)
NOVELTY - A solar battery element has an electrode (5) provided on the surface of a semiconductor substrate (1) having a semiconductor junction portion. The surface of the electrode is coated with an organic material (9).    USE - For solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery element has improved reliability and durability, even if the electrode surface is not covered with solder. The solar battery element is eco-friendly, compact and transparent. Oxidation, moisture absorption, and splitting of the electrode are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar battery element.    semiconductor substrate (1)    diffused layer (2)    electrode (5)    reverse-side electrode (6)    organic material (9)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has i-layer (4) made of titanium oxide which is interposed between p-layer (3) and n-layer (5) that controls oxidation number for forming sputter film of i-layer.    USE - Semiconductor type solar cell such as p/n type solar cell and P/i/n-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids the need of utilizing pigment or electrolytic solution and stabilizes the property of the solar cell so reducing the cost of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Transparent electrode (2)    p-layer (3)    i-layer (4)    n-layer (5)    Electrode film (6)
NOVELTY - A zinc oxide film has the ratio of the whole film area including hollow regions having diameter at least 50nm with respect to the total area of the hollow regions to be equal to 3-50%.    USE - Zinc oxide film used in photovoltaic element (claimed) such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The zinc oxide film has reduced internal stress.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photovoltaic element.    substrate (101)    n-type semiconductor layer (102-1)    i-type semiconductor layer (102-2)    p-type semiconductor layer (102-3)    transparent conductive layer (103)    current collection electrode (104)
NOVELTY - A control unit (5) calculates target supply rate of fuel gas to a burner (13a) and determines whether combustion air supply rate corresponds to fuel gas supply rate based on temperature in a reformation unit (10). The control unit controls a combustion air supply unit (M) if there is no correspondence between the values.    USE - Fuel cell reformer.    ADVANTAGE - Makes combustion air supply rate into appropriate quantity without cost increase.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    control unit (5)    reformation unit (10)    burner (13a)    combustion air supply unit (M)    fuel gas supply unit (N)
NOVELTY - Water is made into core liquid, and dryness-and-moisture-type fiber is formed from fiber-forming stock solution to obtain water vapor permeable film. The stock solution consists of polyphenyl sulfone resin and water-soluble organic solvent solution of hydrophilic polyvinyl pyrrolidone.    USE - As humidifying film for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method provides water vapor permeable film having excellent film strength, permeability and durability. The film does not have leak on gas surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for water vapor permeable film.
NOVELTY - A light anode side electrolytic solution (5) and charge-storage side electrolytic solution (6) are separated by a cation exchange membrane (4). A light anode (1) having a sensitizing dye and a counter electrode (2) are arranged in the light anode side electrolytic solution. A charge-storage electrode (3) having a conductive polymer is arranged in the charge-storage side electrolytic solution.    USE - Solar cell for use in e.g. wrist watch, mobile telephone, portable radio cell, calculators, camera. Also used as emergency backup battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell can be charged and used as a battery even when light is interrupted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    light anode (1)    counter electrode (2)    charge-storage electrode (3)    cation exchange membrane (4)    light anode side electrolytic solution (5)    charge-storage side electrolytic solution (6)
NOVELTY - The transparent desk mini house includes any one of saddleback, hipped, gambrel, pyramid and shed roof (1). Any one of luminaire (19) or a ventilating fan (16) or both are provided as electric power load inside the house, being visible from exterior. Any one of solar cell or fuel cell or both are used to supply power to the load.    USE - For use as teaching material of solar and fuel cell electric-power-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables environmental education of solar energy and fuel cell electric-power-generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front sectional view of desk mini house used as teaching material of solar and fuel cell electric-power-generation system.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    roof (1)    light emitting diodes (10)    electric bulb (13)    ventilating fan (16)    luminaire (19)
NOVELTY - The device has silicon layers (04a,05a) provided on electrode layer (20), which are irradiated with annealing laser light (06) of wavelength less than 900 nm, such that the absorption coefficients of the silicon layers with respect to the laser light is different.    USE - For crystal thin-film semiconductor device e.g. semiconductor-element substrate, thin-film transistor (TFT) used for liquid crystal display (LCD) and thin-film optoelectric transducer, and solar battery element (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves the rear-side internal reflection rate of the semiconductor device, and solar-cell electric power generation efficiency at reduced cost. Increases the quality of the crystal thin-film semiconductor device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The device has silicon layers (04a,05a) provided on electrode layer (20), which are irradiated with annealing laser light (06) of wavelength less than 900 nm, such that the absorption coefficients of the silicon layers with respect to the laser light is different. The electrode layer comprising metal layer (02) and transparent-electrode layer (03), formed on upper surface of substrate (01). The silicon layers formed on electrode layer, are doped with impurity such that the impurity concentration of silicon layer (04a) is greater than impurity concentration of silicon layer (05a). A non-monocrystal silicon layer provided on the layer (05a), is doped with impurity whose conductivity type is opposite to the conductivity type of impurity in the layers (04a,05a).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of crystal thin-film semiconductor device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (01)    metal layer (02)    transparent-electrode layer (03)    silicon layers (04a,05a)    laser light (06)    electrode layer (20)
NOVELTY - An aluminum electrode layer (2) is formed on a substrate (1), and a barrier layer (3) formed at the upper surface of electrode layer, for the purpose of preventing the diffusion of electrode material in polycrystalline semiconductor layer (4a) formed at the upper surface of barrier layer. The layer (4a) is crystallized by irradiating laser beam.    USE - E.g. solar cell used in photovoltaic apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor device with improved conversion efficiency can be manufactured easily at reduced cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An aluminum electrode layer (2) is formed on a substrate (1), and a barrier layer (3) formed at the upper surface of electrode layer, for the purpose of preventing the diffusion of electrode material in polycrystalline semiconductor layer (4a) formed at the upper surface of barrier layer. The layer (4a) is crystallized by irradiating laser beam. A single crystal semiconductor layer (5) is formed above the polycrystalline semiconductor layer formed at the upper surface of barrier layer. A transparent electrode layer (6) is provided above the layer (5). An electrode (7) is formed at one corner of transparent electrode layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional views of the crystal thin film semiconductor device manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (1)    electrode layer (2)    barrier layer (3)    amorphous silicon layer (4)    crystalline silicon film (4a)    semiconductor layer of reverse conductivity (5)    transparent electrode layer (6)    electrode (7)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator comprises a reformer, a heater to heat the reformer, a carbon-monoxide-reducing unit containing carbon-monoxide-reducing catalyst, and a temperature detector to detect temperature of reformed gas in carbon-monoxide-reducing unit and/or temperature of carbon-monoxide-reducing catalyst. An amount of feed material to be supplied to the reformer is controlled based on comparison between detected and reference temperature.    USE - The hydrogen generator is used for generating hydrogen using organic compound, e.g. methane, town gas, propane, gasoline, or alcohol. It is useful in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive hydrogen generator efficiently generates high-quality reformed gas with reduced CO content and rich in hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen generator comprises a reformer to generate hydrogen-containing reformed gas from a feed material comprising organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen, and water; a heater to heat the reformer to a temperature required for generating the reformed gas; a carbon-monoxide (CO)-reducing unit containing CO-reducing catalyst to reduce CO contained in the reformed gas; and a temperature detector to detect temperature of the reformed gas in the CO-reducing unit and/or temperature of the CO-reducing catalyst. An increase in amount of feed material to be supplied to the reformer is controlled based on a comparison between a temperature detected by the temperature detector and a reference temperature that is set according to the amount of feed material. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system comprising the above hydrogen generator. The hydrogen generator and fuel cell system are connected to each other by a gas piping.
NOVELTY - The coolant composition comprises a base chosen from glycols, alcohol, glycol ethers and/or water, and a fine particle of metal oxide.    USE - For cooling fuel cell of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The coolant composition has excellent heat characteristics, and low electric conductivity.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises at least one cathode and anode electrochemical electrode, at least two electrically conducting flow plates with flow channels and at least one electrode membrane in contact with the electrodes.    USE - For producing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell reduces the size of fuel cell stack thus providing more compact and efficient fuel cell stack; provides more effective flow of fluids within the fuel cell stack; achieves better electrical contact between the different layers within the fuel cell stack; facilitates flow of fluid through the fuel cell stack; and has reduced production costs. The efficiency of the fuel cell is increased due to improved interconnection plates, sensors which provide valuable data and gas permeable membranes which make flow of fluids.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) flow plate comprising flow channel for fluid. The flow plate has two electrically conducting surfaces and is a sandwich construction comprising an electrically insulating core member; and    (2) assembly of flow plates comprising at least two flow plates and at least two interconnect plates connected by metal connections.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows mono-polar fuel cell stack electrically connected in series.
NOVELTY - A substrate is immersed in an aqueous solution containing zinc ion, to form high density columnar zinc oxide crystal film with surface density more than 90% on the substrate.    USE - High density columnar zinc oxide crystal film used in solar cell, micro ultraviolet laser, micro piezoelectric material, gas sensor, ultraviolet laser oscillation device, photonic-crystal, transparent electronic-circuit.    ADVANTAGE - High density columnar zinc oxide crystal film is obtained at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) high density columnar zinc oxide crystal film manufacturing method;    (2) high density columnar zinc oxide crystal device;    (3) high density columnar zinc oxide crystal device preparation method; and    (4) high density columnar zinc oxide crystal device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the image of high density columnar zinc oxide crystal film.
NOVELTY - The carbon-coated aluminum has a carbon-containing layer (2) and an interposition layer (3) having aluminum and carbon, sequentially provided on an aluminum (1).    USE - Used for electrode of lithium cell, lithium ion battery, lithium ion polymer battery, pigment photosensitive solar cell, electric double layer capacitor, electrolytic capacitor and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesion of carbon containing layer and aluminum is improved. The interposition layer is easily formed between aluminum and carbon containing layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of carbon-coated aluminum.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the carbon-coated aluminum.    Aluminum (1)    Carbon containing layer (2)    Interposition layer (3)    Surface portion (21)
NOVELTY - A storage medium (10) comprises nanowire core (20) having exterior surface, and organic molecules (30) attached to the exterior surface of the nanowire core to releasably hold the gas molecules (40).    USE - The invention is for gas molecules. It is used in fuel cartridge, fuel cell, and electronic device (claimed). It is used to store hydrogen for the needs of fuel cells and other apparatus using hydrogen fuel and/or to store many other gases.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides high capacity due to the extremely large surface-to-volume ratio, lack of requirements for high pressures or cryogenic temperatures, fast diffusion of gas molecules due to high porosity, relatively lightweight of the gas storage medium, and improved binding of the gas molecules due to charge distribution on the ionic organic molecules.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method of making a storage medium for gas molecules comprising providing a core having nanowire with exterior surface, and attaching organic molecules to the exterior surface of the silicon nanowire to releasably hold the gas molecules; and    (b) a method of using a nanowire having exterior surface for storage of gas molecules comprising attaching to the exterior surface of the nanowire an organic molecules, physisorbing gas molecules into organic molecules for storage, and releasing the gas molecules from organic molecules when the gas molecules are needed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic perspective view of a segment of a gas storage medium.    Storage medium (10)    Nanowire core (20)    Organic molecules (30)    Gas molecules (40)
NOVELTY - Fabrication of a iron-silicon based thin film comprises preparing a substrate of which the crystal planes are orientated perpendicular to a main surface and made of the same kind of ion, and performing film forming operation on the main surface of the substrate to epitaxially grow iron-silicon based thin film.    USE - For fabricating a Fe-Si based thin film (claimed) used for solar cell, composite electric power generating element composed of solar cell and thermoelectric element, light emitting device or spintronics element.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces a device that can exhibit specific performances which are balanced optically, electronically and magnetically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for iron-silicon (Fe-Si) based thin film, where Fe crystal planes and Si crystal planes are alternately stacked, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view illustrating the crystal structure of a Fe-Si based thin film which is epitaxially grown.
NOVELTY - A solar cell element comprises a surface electrode (5) formed on a light-receiving surface of a semiconductor substrate (1); and back surface electrode (6) formed on a non-light receiving surface of the substrate.    USE - For solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The invented solar cell element is free from output power degradation and is of high reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell element comprises semiconductor substrate; an antireflective film (3) formed on a light-receiving surface of the substrate; surface electrode formed on the light-receiving surface of the semiconductor substrate; back surface electrode formed on a non-light receiving surface of the substrate; first solder layer (8) covering the surface electrode; and a second solder layer (9) covering the surface electrode. Elements from elements included in the surface electrode and elements from elements included in the first solder layer are each identical to each other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell element.    Substrate (1)    Antireflective film (3)    Surface electrode (5)    Back surface electrode (6)    Solder layers (8, 9)
NOVELTY - A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) (74) comprises an ionically-conductive proton exchange membrane with a major surface (86, 88); and an electrode disposed at the major surface.    USE - Membrane electrode assembly for electrochemical cell (72).    ADVANTAGE - The MEA is proficient at effectively tolerating carbon monoxide in the fuel stream so that a satisfactory performance can be achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An MEA comprises an ionically-conductive proton exchange membrane with a major surface; and an electrode (96) disposed at the major surface. The electrode comprises a first group of catalytic particles which catalyze oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and which catalyze an electrochemical reaction releasing protonic (hydrogen ion) species when in contact with ionically-conductive material; and a second group of catalytic particles that catalyze an electrochemical reaction releasing electrons.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for reducing the amount of carbon monoxide in an electrode assembly in a fuel cell comprising:    (a) providing a fuel stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;    (b) providing the electrode assembly including a catalyst supported on a conductive particle, and a binder; and    (c) contacting the fuel stream with the electrode assembly to catalyze a gas phase oxidation of the carbon monoxide and electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of MEA.    Cell (72)    MEA (74)    Surface (86, 88)    Channels (92)    Electrode (96)
NOVELTY - The catalyst supports (18,20) are in a hollow cylindrical casing (12) along the axial direction. A sealing sheet (24) made of heat resistant fiber is wound around the periphery of the catalyst supports to pack catalyst support and casing.    USE - For purifying exhaust gas from the reformer of the fuel cell in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The novel converter improves thermal insulation property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above catalytic converter. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalytic converter (10)    hollow cylindrical casing (12)    catalyst supports (18,20)    through-hole (19,21)    sealing sheet (24)
NOVELTY - The solar cell is obtained by contacting a wavelength converter (208) having polymethyl methacrylate and fluorescent dye, on a solar cell.    USE - Solar cell equipped with wavelength converter.    ADVANTAGE - Realizes solar cell that changes light energy into electrical energy efficiently, using the wavelength converter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of structure of cadmium-sulfur/cadmium-tellurium solar cell, and spectral sensitivity characteristics of solar cell and fluorescent spectral characteristics of output from wavelength converter. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    anti-reflective coating (201)    glass substrate (202)    cadmium-sulfur layer (203)    cadmium-tellurium layer (204)    wavelength converter (208)
NOVELTY - A temperature measuring unit (54) measures the temperature of a control point at which the temperature is changed corresponding to the catalytic reaction of a carbon monoxide removal catalyst. A control unit (1) controls supply condition of the oxidizing agent so that the temperature difference of measured and preset temperature becomes predetermined range.    USE - For controlling driving of carbon monoxide removal device for reforming system of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Each stage of catalytic reaction of the carbon monoxide removal catalyst is efficiently controlled. Prevents sintering of the carbon monoxide removal catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for driving control apparatus for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the driving control apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    control unit (1)    carbon monoxide removal device (5)    adjustment unit (6)    catalyst layer (52)    temperature control unit (53)    temperature measuring unit (54)
NOVELTY - Each unit fuel cell element (4) includes pair of electrodes (3) that are connected in series through an electroconductive through-hole (5) formed in a proton electrolyte film (2). The proton electrolyte film comprises proton electrolyte filled in a polyimide porous membrane and is insulated by an insulating layer.    USE - Direct methanol type fuel cell for electric vehicle, portable type power supply and stationary type power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The weight of the fuel cell is reduced and leakage of fuel is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the fuel cell.    Proton electrolyte film (2)    Electrodes (3)    Unit fuel cell element (4)    Through-hole (5)
NOVELTY - The structure comprises a back-side ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) layer (5), a photovoltaic cell (6), a surface-side EVA layer (7) and a glass layer (8) stacked in order on the exposure surface of a roofing tile (2). The thermal reaction hardening of the EVA layers is performed and a solar cell panel (3) is integrally provided to the roofing tile.    USE - For fixing to roof of building.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell panel and the roofing tile are adhered reliably without gap and without performing troublesome adhesion operation. The damp-proof property of the panel is improved and the deterioration of the panel of humidity is prevented. The manufacturing cost of the panel is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the tile-integrated solar-cell panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Roofing tile (2)    Vinyl back-side EVA layer (5)    photovoltaic cell (6)    Surface-side EVA layer (7)    Glass layer (8)
NOVELTY - Methanol and water vapor are reacted using a catalyst containing copper, zinc, iron and aluminum, to obtain hydrogen-containing gas.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas used in controlled atmosphere of chemical industry raw material or semiconductors, hydrogenation of ammonia and organic compounds, petroleum refining, desulfurization, metallurgy, glass manufacture, raw material for fuel cells used as power source of motor vehicle, power supply and domestic power supply of portable apparatus and movable equipments.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen-containing gas is produced efficiently using methanol and water vapor modification catalyst having heat-resisting property also in high temperature reaction conditions. The water vapor modification-reaction device and heat supply installation of methanol are made compact, and inexpensive and efficient hydrogen manufacturing equipment is provided. The catalyst used in the method has high initial activity and excellent heat-resisting property.
NOVELTY - The composite material (10) has a brazing layer (15) having at least three layers of titanium or titanium alloy layer (12), copper or copper alloy layer (13), nickel or nickel alloy layer (78) and aluminum or aluminum alloy layer (14), arranged in piles.    USE - For brazed product (claimed), and brazing of heat exchanger and fuel cell components.    ADVANTAGE - The composite material has excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and brazing property. The brazed product has favorable reliability, and is economically manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for brazed product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of composite material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    composite material (10)    titanium or titanium alloy layer (12)    copper and copper alloy layer (13)    aluminum or aluminum alloy layer (14)    brazing layer (15)    nickel or nickel alloy layer (78)
NOVELTY - Silicon tetrachloride is injected and heat-processed in high temperature flame of hydrogen and oxygen gases, and amorphous fine silica (202) is prepared. A release material film is formed at the inner surface of a casting template, using the silica and silicon nitride (201). The content of fine silica is adjusted to 10-90 wt.% with respect to total amount of silicon nitride, and casting template is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing casting template for silicon casting used for manufacturing silicon substrate for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The casting template provides solar cell having favorable light electrical characteristics. The peeling of release material film from casting template is effectively suppressed. The generation of notch in the casting portion of silicon is prevented. The release material film has favorable rigidity due to the improved adhesion of silicon nitride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the release material layer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    silicon nitride (201)    silica layer (201a)    fine silica (202)
NOVELTY - The filter (1) comprises a porous ceramic support (2) with mainstream and separation fluid flow paths (3a,3b). The flow paths are arranged, such that openings (4) at side surface of support, connect with separation fluid flow path.    USE - For use as deoxygenation membrane and hydrogen separation membrane of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates continuous fluid flow by connecting openings and separation fluid flow paths. Enhances separation efficiency. Enables easy collection of separation fluid from ceramic side surface. Achieves cost reduction of fluid separation filter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fluid separation module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective and side views of the fluid separation filter.    fluid separation filter (1)    support (2)    mainstream flow path (3a)    separation fluid flow path (3b)    opening (4)
NOVELTY - The grain refining of the hydrogen storage functional material is performed, by mechanical grinding in hydrogen gas atmosphere. A metal component (C), which dissociates hydrogen molecule into hydrogen atom, is added at the middle of mechanical grinding of the functional material.    USE - For fuel cell electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The large amount of hydrogen gas is stored reliably at low temperature, using the hydrogen storage component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the hydrogen storage component.
NOVELTY - The composite catalyst film (33) has porous material (33a), modification catalyst layer (33b) and carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (33c).    USE - For modifier used for fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composite catalyst film performs modification and carbon monoxide removal, efficiently at low temperature, without introducing oxygen-containing gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composite catalyst film (33) has a porous material (33a), a modification catalyst layer (33b) and a carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (33c). The modification catalyst layer has a mean pore diameter smaller than that of the porous material, and has catalyst function which modifies at least one of hydrocarbon, alcohol and ether. Layer (33b) is formed at the outer surface of porous material (33a). Layer (33c) has mean pore diameter smaller than that of layer (33b), and has catalyst function to remove carbon monoxide which exists in gas modified by layer (33b). Layer (33c) is formed at the outer surface of layer (33b).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) modifier; and    (2) fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of composite catalyst film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Composite catalyst film (33)    Porous material (33a)    Modification catalyst layer (33b)    Carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (33d)    Heater (33c)
NOVELTY - Partial-oxidation of methane in a raw material containing methane gas and air is performed using a solid electrolyte and heat of 800-900 degrees C removed from a high temperature gas cooled reactor, to produce electric power.    USE - For producing electric power, hydrogen, and work energy.    ADVANTAGE - The electric power is efficiently produced at improved yield rate, by electric conversion of expansion work during partial oxidation.
NOVELTY - A resin sheet (30) contains an epoxy resin having dicyclopentadiene-type structure.    USE - As substrate for liquid crystal display, electroluminescence display device and solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The resin sheet has excellent strength and does not break easily during conveyance. The liquid crystal display formed using the resin sheet has improved productivity and efficiency, and is lightweight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) liquid crystal cell substrate, which contains the resin sheet;    (2) liquid crystal display, which contains the liquid crystal cell substrate;    (3) electroluminescent display substrate, which contains the resin sheet;    (4) electroluminescent display device, which contains the electroluminescent display substrate;    (5) solar cell substrate, which contains the resin sheet; and    (6) solar cell, which contains the solar cell substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of resin sheet.    endless belt (21)    drums (22,23)    dye (24,25)    ultraviolet curing apparatus (26)    resin sheet (30)
NOVELTY - Humidifying the oxygen supply of a fuel cell comprising a cathode compartment (1) supplied with oxygen-containing gas, an anode compartment (2) supplied with hydrogen-containing gas and a proton exchange membrane (3) separating the compartments comprises periodically reversing the flow of oxygen-containing gas in the cathode compartment.    USE - Humidifying the oxygen supply of a fuel cell, e.g. in an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - No separate water supply is needed to humidify the oxygen-containing gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising a cathode compartment (1) having a channel for circulating oxygen-containing gas (OCG), e.g. air, and having a first inlet/outlet and a second inlet/outlet, and a OCG supply circuit (11) that is connected to the OCG circulation channel in the cathode compartment and can be connected either to an OCG source (9) or to an OCG post-treatment device (10), where the OCG supply circuit is reversible and comprises means for reversing the flow of OCG in the OCG circulation channel in the cathode compartment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic representation of a fuel cell with a reversible air supply.    Cathode compartment (1)    Anode compartment (2)    Proton exchange membrane (3)    Air source (9)    Air post-treatment device (10)    Air supply circuit (11)    4-Way distributor (12)    Valve control device. (13)
NOVELTY - A composition for a battery electrolyte comprises a first polyorganosiloxane (POS) with at least two hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon and a second POS with at least two hydroxyl groups directly bonded to silicon; either or both comprising a siloxy unit directly bonded to silicon and comprising a polyoxyalkylene ether functional group, a condensation catalysts and an electrolyte salt.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used for lithium-polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The composition gives a polymer electrolyte with adequate conductivity in the range -20degreesC to 80degreesC at a lower initial material cost than composition based on vinylated oils associated with oils with a SiH functional group.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composition for a battery electrolyte polymerizable and/or crosslinkable by dehydrogeno-condensation comprising a first polyorganosiloxane (POS) at least two hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon and a second POS with at least two hydroxyl groups directly bonded to silicon; either or both comprising a siloxy unit directly bonded to silicon and comprising a polyoxyalkylene ether functional group, a condensation catalysts and an electrolyte salt.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) a polymer battery electrolyte manufactured from the composition;    (2) a polymer battery comprising the polymer electrolyte;    (3) a polymer battery in which at least one of the constituents of the cathode is metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, inorganic matter comprising lithium insertions and carbonate materials comprising lithium insertions
NOVELTY - Operating (P1) a fuel cell using an air-containing fluid as a reactant involves purification of an air contained in oxidant by oxidizing a pollutant, and adsorbing and/or removing an oxidized pollutant.    USE - For removing pollutants.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables fuel cells to maintain high output voltage over an extended period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) an air purifying apparatus (A1) for a fuel cell comprises a first purifying device that oxidizes a pollutant in the air;    (b) a second purifying device that adsorbs and/or removes an oxidized pollutant; and a fuel cell comprises an air electrode adapted to be operated according to (P1), and/or (A1).
NOVELTY - Production of a silicon thin layer solar cell comprises treating the casing surface of a cylindrical silicon crystal (1) to form a boundary layer (4) and transferring an outer layer (2) lying on the casing surface onto the substrate (3) by rolling the silicon crystal against the substrate.    USE - Used in the production of a silicon thin layer solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process requires only a small amount of energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for producing a silicon crystal thin layer solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the continuous treatment of a silicon crystal.    silicon crystal (1)    outer layer (2)    substrate (3)    boundary layer (4)    electrochemical bath (5)
NOVELTY - Fuel electrode and air electrode containing electrode catalyst which comprises metal or carbon containing metal and proton electroconductive solid polymer electrolyte are provided on proton electroconductive solid polymer electrolyte film. Less than 2M concentration of methanol is supplied into the fuel cell, to prevent elution of proton electroconductive solid polymer electrolyte and electrode catalyst from fuel electrode into fuel.    USE - For elution prevention of fuel electrode of direct methanol type fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The direct methanol type fuel cell prevents degradation and generates electric power stably for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel electrode and air electrode containing electrode catalyst which comprises precious metal or carbon containing precious metal and proton electroconductive solid polymer electrolyte are provided on both sides of proton electroconductive solid polymer electrolyte film. Methanol as fuel and water are supplied to the fuel electrode. Oxygen is supplied to the air electrode side to generate power. Less than 2M concentration of methanol is supplied into the fuel cell, to prevent elution of proton electroconductive solid polymer electrolyte and electrode catalyst from fuel electrode into fuel. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) quality control method of direct methanol type fuel cell;    (b) operating method direct methanol type fuel cell;    (c) direct methanol type fuel cell; and    (d) manufacture of direct methanol type fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of direct methanol type fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (2)    methanol tank (6)    circulation tank (8)    control circuit (12)    by-pass valves (16,18)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a crystalline silicon substrate or layer, a layer having an amorphous silicon phase (105) and a microcrystalline silicon phase (104) mixed together, and a polycrystalline silicon layer (102) grown with the microcrystalline silicon phase as a seed stacked on the silicon substrate or layer. The ratio of the amorphous silicon phase and the microcrystalline silicon phase mixed together is 1:1 - 10:1.    USE - As a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thin thickness (1 - 15 nm) of the layer having amorphous and microcrystalline silicon phases prevents electric charges from being trapped and recombined during the process. The polycrystalline silicon substrate is obtained with 1/10 of the used amount of the conventional high-purity silicon raw material. This reduces the costs of the solar cell and the production restrictions are small.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The silicon is formed by allowing a high-purity polycrystalline silicon layer to grow on surface of base sliced from polycrystalline silicon ingot which is obtained by melting metal-grade silicon and solidifying the silicon in one direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    Polycrystalline silicon layer (102)    Buffer layer (103)    Microcrystalline silicon phase (104)    Amorphous silicon phase (105)    Emitter layer (106)    Anti-reflection film. (107)
NOVELTY - The benzene derivative comprises a moiety of long linear conjugated structure.    USE - For liquid crystalline material (claimed), like smectic liquid crystal, nematic liquid crystal, used for clocks, watches, calculators, televisions, personal computers and mobile phones. The benzene derivative is used as charge transport material in optical sensors, organic electroluminescent element, photoconductor, space modulation element, thin film transistor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, solar cell, nonlinear optics material, organic semiconductive ceramic capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The benzene derivative has excellent charge transporting property even without excitation with light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The benzene derivative comprises a moiety of long linear conjugated structure (1).    R1 = alkyl, alkoxy or group of formula (2);    R2 = alkyl or alkoxy;and    X = halogen atom.    R3 = H or methyl;and    B = alkylene, -CO-O-(CH2)n, -C6H4-CH2-, -CO-.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of benzene derivative, which involves reacting benzaldehyde derivative (3) and phosphonium salt (4) in presence of a base, to obtain a pyridine derivative (5). A halogenated compound (6) is reacted with the pyridine derivative, to obtain the benzene derivative (1); and    (2) liquid crystalline material containing a benzene derivative (1).    R2-X (6)    R4-R6 = univalent organic group;    A = halogen atom;and    R1,R2,X = as in formula (1).
NOVELTY - Benzene derivative having a moiety of long linear conjugated system structure, is new.    USE - For liquid crystalline material (claimed) used as charge transport material, optical sensor, organic electroluminescent element, photoconductor, space modulation element, thin film transistor, charge transporting substance of electrophotographic photoreceptor, photolithographic, solar cell, non-linear optical material and organic semiconductive ceramic apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of benzene derivative having a moiety of long linear conjugated system structure is enabled. Benzene derivative has excellent electric charge transporting property without excitation by light, in the electric charge transportation utilizing the molecular orientation in a liquid crystalline state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Benzene derivative of formula (1) having a moiety of long linear conjugated system structure, is new.    R1 = linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group or group of formula (2);    R2-R4 = alkyl group;    R5 = H or methyl group;    A = alkylene group;    B = alkylene, -CO-O-(CH2)n, -C6H4-CH2- or -CO-;and    X = halogen.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for :    (1) the manufacture of benzene derivative which involves reacting benzaldehyde derivative of formula (3) with acid adduct of formula (4) of phosphonium salt in the presence of a base to form amine derivative of formula (5) and reacting the obtained amine derivative with halogenating compound (R4-X); and    (2) and (ii) liquid crystalline material which contains benzene derivative.    R1-R4,A,X = same as above defined;    R6-R8 = univalent organic group;and    Z = halogen;
NOVELTY - Novel benzene derivative (1) has long linear conjugated system structural portion.    USE - As liquid crystalline material and charge transport material (both claimed) used for optical sensors, organic electroluminescent elements, photoconductors, space modulation elements, thin film transistors, photolithographic materials, solar cells, nonlinear optic materials and organic semiconductive ceramic capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The novel benzene derivative has smectic phase of liquid crystal state, and has excellent charge transport property. The derivative has high utility value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Novel benzene derivative of formula (1) has long linear conjugated system structural portion.    R1 = H or methyl;and    A = alkylene, -CO-O-(CH2)n-, -C6H4-CH2- or -CO-.    No value of n given in the patent.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of novel benzene derivative;    (2) liquid crystalline material containing novel benzene derivative or compound derived from the novel benzene derivative; and    (3) charge transport material comprising the liquid crystalline material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic diagram of charge transport element which used the charge transport material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    glass substrate (1a,1b)    electrodes (2a,2b)    liquid crystal layer (3)    spacer (4)
NOVELTY - A novel benzene derivative (1) has a long linear conjugated system structural portion.    USE - For liquid crystalline material (claimed), and charge transporting substance used for optical sensors, organic electroluminescent elements, photoconductors, space modulation elements, thin film transistors, photolithography, solar cells, electrophotographic photoreceptors, nonlinear optic materials and organic semiconductive ceramic capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The novel benzene derivative excels in transportation of electric charge without excitation by light, and has smectic phase of liquid crystal state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A novel benzene derivative of formula (1) has a long linear conjugated system structural portion.    R1,R2 = linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy (sic), group of formula (2), or group having unsaturated bond;    R3 = methyl or hydrogen atom;    B = alkylene group, -CO-O-(CH2)n-, or -CO-.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of novel benzene derivative; and    (2) liquid crystalline material containing novel benzene derivative or compound derived from the novel benzene derivative.
NOVELTY - The coated steel foil contains inorganic-organic hybrid film having ratio of hydrogen concentration (H) (in mol/l) and silicon concentration (Si) (in mol/l) of 0.1-10, on one or both surfaces of a stainless steel base material. The film has inorganic three-dimensional network structure with siloxane coupling, whose at least one portion of the bridging carbon is substituted with organic group and/or hydrogen atom.    USE - For use as substrate for solar cell and semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - The coated steel foil has inorganic-organic hybrid film having excellent heat resistance and compatibility. Thickness of the film is reduced. Generation of crack in the coated steel foil, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The coated steel foil contains inorganic-organic hybrid film having inorganic three-dimensional network structure with siloxane coupling, on one or both surfaces of a stainless steel base material. At least one portion of the bridging carbon of the network structure, is substituted with organic group and/or hydrogen atom. The ratio ((H)/(Si)) of hydrogen concentration (H) (in mol/l) and silicon concentration (Si) (in mol/l) in the inorganic-organic hybrid film, is 0.1-10.
NOVELTY - A refueling apparatus for a direct oxidation fuel cell, comprises a refueling cartridge and a coupling, including a fuel flow path, for engagement of the cartridge with a fueling port associated with a direct oxidation fuel cell system. The coupling and the fueling port cooperate to permit the fuel flow path to open only in conjunction with proper engagement of the coupling and fueling port and close the fuel flow path.    USE - For refueling a direct oxidation fuel cell (claimed) useful for powering portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Refueling is accomplished in rapid, trouble-free and safe manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A refueling apparatus for a direct oxidation fuel cell, comprises:    (1) refueling cartridge (6); and    (2) coupling (8), including a fuel flow path, for engagement of the cartridge with a fueling port (4) associated with a direct oxidation fuel cell system.    The coupling and the fueling port cooperate to permit the fuel flow path to open only in conjunction with proper engagement of the coupling and fueling port, and close the fuel flow path prior to or as a result of disengagement of the coupling from the fueling port.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a perspective view of a wireless phone, powered by an internal direct oxidation fuel cell, which is in the process of being refueled.    Wireless phone (2)    Fueling port (4)    Refueling cartridge (6)    Coupling (8)
NOVELTY - The vaporizer module comprises thermally conductive plates that are coupled to each other, to form a thermally conductive structure. The thermally conductive structure has longitudinal grooves formed on one side, and transverse channels that are in fluid communication with each other through the grooves.    USE - Vaporizer module in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system for manufacture of thin film transistor (TFT) used in liquid crystal flat panel display, solar cells, personal digital assistant, cellular telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Enables depositing a dielectric material at the rate of 3000 Angstroms per minute on large area substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) substrate processing system;    (2) method for depositing dielectric material on large area substrate;    (3) large area substrate; and    (4) apparatus for depositing layer of silicon oxide on large area substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of the chemical vapor deposition system.    chemical vapor deposition system (100)    processing chambers (104)    factory interface (108)    robot (110)    gas delivery system (114)
NOVELTY - A sensor determines internal condition of the fluid in a channel (300). A piezoelectric or capacitive actuator changes the cross-sectional area of the channel based on the sensed condition of the fluid for controlling the pressure and flow of the fluid.    USE - Transporting fluid during hydrogen production and electric power generation in integrated fuel cell used in portable electronic device such as handheld computer, laptop and wireless telephone used in consumer, business and military applications.    ADVANTAGE - Performs precise control of fluid or gas flow. Eliminates the need for additional pump and additional heating equipment so reducing size and cost of the apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) atomizer;    (2) reactor;    (3) integrated fuel processing apparatus;    (4) fuel processing method;    (5) fluid flow control method; and    (6) method of controlling reverse flow of fluid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the integrated fuel cell.    Fuel (200)    Channel (300)    Mixing chamber (400)    Reactor (600)    Hydrogen separator (700)    Fuel cell (800)
NOVELTY - Current matching in a multi-junction solar cell includes adjusting a ratio of aluminum composition in aluminum-indium-gallium phosphide material for a top cell to achieve matching between photocurrents generated in the top cell and a bottom cell.    USE - Used for matching current in a multi-junction solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of multi-junction solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Current matching in a multi-junction solar cell includes adjusting the ratio of an aluminum (Al) composition in an aluminum-indium-gallium phosphide (AlInGaP) material for a top cell to achieve matching between photocurrents generated in the top cell and a bottom cell. The multi-junction solar cell utilizes a solar cell formed with an AlInGaP material and having a pn junction as the top cell, and a solar cell lattice-matched to the top cell, formed with indium-gallium-arsenide nitride (InGaAsN) material and having a pn junction as the bottom cell.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a multi-junction solar cell in which an Al composition ratio in group III element in AlInGaP material for a top cell is 0.05-0.15.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view of a layered structure of triple-junction solar cell.
NOVELTY - Metal ions contained in the aqueous solution of a metallic salt is adsorbed to a base material surface by contacting the aqueous solution with the base material surface. The metal ions adsorbed to the base material surface are subsequently contacted with pure water to manufacture metal oxide nano thin film.    USE - Used for manufacturing a metal oxide nano thin film used as a dielectric material (claimed) such as a high dielectric gate insulation film, and as a luminescent material and magnetic memory material, and also used as a waste gas purification catalyst or in fuel cell manufacture or in a sensor.    ADVANTAGE - A metal oxide nano thin film is manufactured simply under moderate conditions. The metal oxide nano thin film has outstanding physical and electronic properties, and dielectric characteristics. The film has bioaffinity and bactericidal effect. The manufacture of the metal oxide nano thin film is economical and eco-friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a metal oxide nano thin film; and    (2) a dielectric material which has a metal oxide nano thin film.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell consists of a polymeric electrolyte film (1) between anode (3) and cathode (2) with respective catalysts for selectively carrying out electrochemical reaction with respect to oxygen and fuel. An absorber (5) provided at circumference of anode, absorbs aqueous solution sucked by a hydrophilic portion (4) arranged opposing the film, from surface of anode.    USE - Fuel cell e.g. alkali type fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid type fuel cell (PAFC), melting carbonic acid type fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxidation type fuel cell (SOFC) and solid polymer type fuel cell (PEFC), used for electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Since the aqueous solution retained on anode is removed efficiently, the fuel cell is stably driven even from low current density to high current density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell.    polymeric electrolyte film (1)    cathode (2)    anode (3)    hydrophilic portion (4)    absorber (5)
NOVELTY - A grease composition contains base oil, thickening agent, and 0.1-10 mass% of basic alkylamine compound, organometallic salt and/or organic-acid metallic salt. The grease composition is used in an atmosphere containing acid.    USE - Used for a rolling bearing used for a pumping device of a fuel cell system (all claimed) used as a power source of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The grease composition has good lubrication property and water resistance. The rolling bearing sealed with the grease composition has favorable acid resistance. Therefore, the durability of the bearing is improved, and stable operation of the pumping device is enabled for long period of time. Thus, the fuel cell system stably generates electric power for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a rolling bearing (300) in which the grease composition is sealed;    (2) a pumping device for a fuel cell system, comprising a rolling bearing, where the pumping device is used for conveying various fluid to a fuel tank, a fuel evaporator, a modifier, a carbon monoxide removal device and a fuel cell stack; and    (3) a fuel cell system comprising a pumping device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional drawing of a rolling bearing (ball bearing).    Ball bearing (300)    Inner ring (301)    Outer ring (302)    Holder (303)    Ball (304)    Sealing component (305)
NOVELTY - The catalytic-reaction apparatus has catalytic-reaction layers (2a,3a), which perform exothermic reaction and coolant layers (2b,3b) connected via vapor circulation unit (21). Reaction temperature of layer (3a) is less than layer (2a). Vapor circulated in layers (2b,3b) is gaseous phase dry vapor, and gaseous and liquid phase wet vapor, respectively. Layers (2a,2b) and layers (3a,3b) are heat exchangeable.    USE - For fuel modification.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic-reaction apparatus has high reaction efficiency, and enables reduction of carbon monoxide at high efficiency. Cooling by absorption of heat in catalytic-reaction layer accompanying vaporization of coolant is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of carbon monoxide reduction apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon monoxide reduction apparatus (1)    High temperature shift-reaction device (2)    Low temperature shift-reaction device (3)    Catalytic-reaction layers (2a,3a)    Coolant layers (2b,3b)    Vapor circulation unit (21)
NOVELTY - The transparent substrate film comprises an electrode portion (4) having a transparent electrode layer (3) formed on a transparent support base material (2). A shock resistant layer (5) having transparency and a gas barrier layer (6) having transparency are laminated between a flame retardant base material (1) and the electrode portion (4). The flame retardant base material absorbs impact from outside.    USE - For solar cell used for solar cell module (both claimed). Especially, the solar cell is used for organic electroluminescent display devices, FED and LCD.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate film has high transparency, and excellent flame retardance, impact strength, moist and heat resistance, and excellent barrier property with respect to oxygen and water vapor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas barrier layer is silicon oxide group vapor deposition film.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell; and    (2) solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of transparent substrate film.    flame retardant base material (1)    transparent support base material (2)    transparent electrode layer (3)    electrode portion (4)    shock resistant layer (5)    gas barrier layer (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electric-power-generation system has oxygen gas absorption-removal apparatus (40) consisting of oxidation-reduction agent such as copper or copper-zinc group to remove oxygen in fuel gas (6) supplied from the fuel gas supply side of fuel cell (10).    USE - For generating electric-power used for domestic applications.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures easy maintenance by simplifying the structure. Reduces the cost. The fuel gas is generated easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell electric-power-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel gas (6)    Combustion gas (7)    Fuel cell (10)    Fuel supply apparatus (30)    Oxygen absorption-removal apparatus (40)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electric-power-generation system has amine processing apparatus (40) to remove carbon-dioxide in the fuel gas (5) supplied from the fuel cell supply side of main fuel cell (10), using amine solution (6).    USE - For generating electric-power used for domestic applications.    ADVANTAGE - Improves power generation efficiency of the system. Reduces the maintenance cost and running cost. Compact in size. The carbon-dioxide level is reduced simply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematic view of fuel cell electric-power-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel gas (5)    amine solution (6)    main fuel cell (10)    modifier (31)    amine processing apparatus (40)
NOVELTY - The heat resisting material comprises carbon (in mass%) (at most0.2), silicon (0.02-1), manganese (less than 2), chromium (10-40), aluminum (0.01-3), molybdenum (0.03-5), niobium (0.1-3) and remainder of iron, and unavoidable impurity. The ratio of amount of molybdenum (Mo) and niobium (Nb), and amount of chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al) satisfy preset relations.    USE - For exhaust system components of motor vehicles, heating furnace, boiler, turbine, heat exchanger, chemical industry apparatus and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The material has excellent heat resistance, iron-chromium alloy oxidation resistance and coating film peeling resistance. The material is economical and deterioration of material even when exposed to high temperatures for long period of time is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat resisting material comprises carbon (in mass%) (at most0.2), silicon (0.02-1), manganese (less than 2), chromium (10-40), aluminum (0.01-3), molybdenum (0.03-5), niobium (0.1-3) and remainder of iron, and unavoidable impurity. The ratio of amount of molybdenum (Mo) and niobium (Nb), and chromium (Cr) and aluminum (Al) satisfy relations given by: Mo/Nb = 0.1-30, and Cr+10Al = 15-50.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is manufactured using a reactor (8) installed between a modifier (7) and a shift-reaction device (9). The reactor is packed with a catalyst having hydrocracking activity which decomposes a portion of the non-decomposed hydrocarbon compound in the reformed gas.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen for fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method removes a portion of non-decomposed hydrocarbon compound raw material produced during modification reaction. The carbon-monoxide removal catalyst in the later-stage process is not degraded.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system using the manufactured hydrogen as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of the fuel cell system.    modifier (7)    reactor (8)    high-temperature shift-reaction device (9)    low-temperature shift-reaction device (10)    carbon-monoxide selection oxidation-reaction device (11)
NOVELTY - A reactor portion (8) packed with a catalyst is provided between a modifier (7) and shift reaction devices (9,10). The non-decomposed portion of a hydrocarbon compound contained in a reformed gas, is adsorbed and decomposed by the catalyst to manufacture hydrogen.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen used for fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is efficiently manufactured without degrading carbon monoxide removal catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system, which uses hydrogen manufactured by the above method, as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel cell system.    modifier (7)    reactor (8)    high-temperature shift reaction device (9)    low-temperature shift reaction device (10)    anode (12)    cathode (13)
NOVELTY - A reactor (8) comprising a steam reforming activity catalyst, is provided between a modifier (7) and a shift reaction device (9), in the hydrogen manufacturing device. The catalyst decomposes the trace amount of non-decomposed hydrocarbon compound present in the reformed gas.    USE - For fuel cell systems (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen manufacture without degradation of carbon monoxide removal catalyst, is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system, which uses hydrogen as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a fuel cell system.    water tank (1)    fuel tank (3)    desulfurizer (5)    vaporizer (6)    modifier (7)    reactor (8)    shift reaction devices (9,10)
NOVELTY - A sticker type solar cell of battery cover shape is adhered on the reverse side of a mobile phone. A lithium ion battery is charged by converting the sunlight into electrical charge.    USE - For charging mobile phone using sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses the increase in the capacitance of the charger, while eliminating the use of 100 volt electrical socket. Since the sticker type solar cell is used the weight of the mobile phone is reduced.
NOVELTY - A solar cell (10) has electrode layer (I) (12), p-form semiconductor layer (13), layer (A) (15), and electrode layer (II) (16), formed sequentially on a substrate (11). The solar cell is incident from electrode layer (II). Layer (A) contains an oxide of zinc and magnesium. Electrode layer (II) contains zinc, magnesium, oxygen, and aluminum, gallium and/or indium.    USE - As CIS (copper-indium selenide) group solar cell or CIGS (copper-indium-gallium selenide) group solar cell for generating photo-electromotive force by light.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has excellent conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of a solar cell.    Solar cell (10)    Substrate (11)    Electrode layer (I) (12)    p-form semiconductor layer (13)    Layer (A) (15)    Electrode layer (II) (16)
NOVELTY - The organic solar cell has sequential lamination of a transparent electrode layer (10), electroconductive metal thin layer (40), organic semiconductor layer (20), and current collection polar layer (30). The light transmittance of the electroconductive metal thin layer is 70% or more. The organic solar cell generates electric power by photoelectric-conversion action of organic semiconductor.    USE - For generation of electric power (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The organic solar cell is economical and has improved synthesis-photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transparent electrode layer contains indium tin oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of an organic solar cell.    Transparent electrode layer (10)    Organic semiconductor layer (20)    N-type layer (22)    Current collection polar layer (30)    Electroconductive metal thin layer (40)
NOVELTY - The diaphragm (1) consists of main component formed with silicone rubber, and reinforcing fiber embedded in the layer. The diaphragm is used in vacuum press when photovoltaic cell and adhesive resin sheet are laminated and solar cell module is manufactured. An electroconductive fiber (14) is further woven into reinforcing fiber.    USE - For vacuum press used for manufacturing solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The diaphragm has excellent durability, heat resistance, antistatic property and long-term reliability, and does not have damage by crack and tear.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of the diaphragm used for manufacturing solar cell module.    Diaphragm (1)    Silicone rubber sheet (11a,11b)    Heat-resistant cloth-form material (12)    Intermediate layer (13)    Electroconductive fiber (14)
NOVELTY - A float (60) is provided with the substrate (1) which integrally attaches anode (201) and cathode (202), and which dips in an aqueous solution (20). The float has a specific gravity less than specific gravity of aqueous solution. The anode and cathode are formed, such that one portion of the electrode is immersed in aqueous solution.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of solar cell is achieved using float of less specific gravity. Solar cell of high efficiency is facilitated using float.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic top view and schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (1)    aqueous solution (20)    float (60)    anode(202) cathode (201)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor substrate (1) is provided with fine protrusion (2), surface electrode (4) and diffusion layer (3). The diffusion layer is formed on main surface of substrate, such that depth of the layer in lower portion (7) is more than depth of layer in other portion of surface electrode. The substrate and diffusion layer are composed of different materials.    USE - Solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Minimizes recombination of carrier in light receiving surface, thereby enhances efficiency of solar battery element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar battery element.    semiconductor substrate (1)    fine protrusion (2)    diffusion layer (3)    surface electrode (4)    reverse side silver electrode (5)    reverse side aluminum electrode (6)    lower portion of surface electrode (7)
NOVELTY - The intermediate film (12) is arranged between semiconductor electrode film (8) and transparent electrically conductive film (7) in an anode electrode (2). The semiconductor electrode film contains aggregate of titanium oxide microparticles. The ten point average surface roughness of the side of semiconductor electrode film covering the intermediate film is 20-1000 nm.    USE - For anode electrode used in pigment sensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The intermediate film improves the electronic conduction between transparent electrically conductive film and semiconductor electrode film, since the contact area of microparticles and intermediate film is increased. The conversion efficiency of the pigment sensitization type solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The intermediate film consists of titanium oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-section of anode electrode.    anode electrode (2)    transparent electrically conductive film (7)    semiconductor electrode film (8)    glass base material (10)    intermediate film (12)
NOVELTY - The liquid electrolyte contains oxidation-reduction property substance and siloxane modified acrylic type polymer.    USE - For pigment sensitization type solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte provides solar cells, without requiring operation of heat processing which exerts influences on electrolyte and other battery elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid electrolyte further contains an amino silane.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) gel-form electrolyte for pigment sensitization type solar cells; and    (2) pigment sensitization type solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of sensitization type solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (1)    transparent electrode (2)    pigment adsorption semiconductor film (3)    counter electrode (4)    sealing agent (5)    electrolyte (6)
NOVELTY - An ionic conductive material comprises anion (1).    USE - For use in electrochemical devices such as electrolytic capacitor, electrical-double-layer capacitor, solar cell electro chromic display element, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conductive material has improved ionic conductivity, suppresses electrolyte salt degradation in high potential and prevents corrosion of electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ionic conductive material comprises anion of formula (1).    X = boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic and selenium;and    Y1 = organic residue.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ionic substance, which contains (1) and quaternary ammonium cation.
NOVELTY - The container (1) has a cylindrical resin solid container (2) covered with a moisture-proof sheet (3) on the outer surface. The sheet (3) has a laminate of corrosion-proof property resin layer and an aluminum foil. The container (2) comprises electrically resistant solution liquid.    USE - For electrical storage such as case of battery used in hybrid car, electric vehicle and fuel cell, and case for capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - The container has excellent insulation property, and is lightweight. The container assembly is obtained with high productivity, and does not require welding process. The container does not produce short circuit in battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of container;    (2) container assembly; and    (3) manufacture of container assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the container. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Container (1)    Resin solid container (2)    Moisture-proof sheet (3)
NOVELTY - A transparent composite composition comprises epoxy resin, acid anhydride group hardener, and glass tissue. The transparent composite is manufactured by performing initial state curing of the composition under sealing condition.    USE - For transparent composite useful as optical sheet, plastic substrate for display devices, and substrate for active matrix display devices (all claimed), liquid crystal display devices, organic electroluminescent display devices, color filters, touch panels and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent composite having low coefficient of linear expansion, excels in transparency, heat resistance and the solvent resistance.
NOVELTY - A laminate (8) manufactured by film-thinning a rubber solution (2) provided between at least two sheets of support material (3,4), via a roll, a slit, a press, is guided to a coagulation bath (10) and then to a dry tank (11). A rubber sheet or a rubber sheet composite is then formed by solidifying the rubber solution.    USE - For manufacturing rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite used for sealants, e.g. for a fuel cell or double-layer capacitor, and also electromagnetic-shielding materials of electronic devices, such as mobile telephones, as a current collector for a double-layer capacitors, cushioning materials, functional materials, electrode materials, and other industrial materials.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method efficiently and economically provides rubber sheets or rubber sheet composites having excellent thickness precision, homogeneity, electroconductivity, insulation property, chemical resistance, and quality, with increased production rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing method of rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite.    rubber solution (2)    support materials (3,4)    laminate (8)    coagulation bath (10)    dry tank (11)
NOVELTY - A rubber solution (2) is interposed between support of two or more sheets, and thin film of rubber solution is formed to obtain laminated structure (8). The laminated structure is guided to coagulation bath (13). At least one support is peeled in coagulation bath, and rubber solution is subsequently coagulated to form rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite.    USE - For manufacturing rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite used as sealant for fuel cell and electrical double layered capacitor, as electromagnetic shielding material for portable electronic devices such as mobile telephone, current collecting material for electrical double layered capacitor, and as cushioning material.    ADVANTAGE - The rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite with excellent homogeneity, electroconductivity, insulation property and high thickness precision is manufactured effectively and economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A rubber solution (2) is interposed between support of at least two sheets, and a thin film of rubber solution is formed through roll, slit or press to obtain laminated structure (8) consisting of thin film of rubber solution between supports (3,4).    The laminated structure is guided to a coagulation bath (13). At least one support is peeled in a coagulation bath, and thin film of rubber solution is subsequently coagulated to form rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the method of manufacturing rubber sheet or rubber sheet composite.    rubber solution (2)    support (3,4)    delivery rolls (5,6)    laminated structure (8)    moistened rubber sheet (9)    coagulation bath (13)
NOVELTY - An element of a conduit system for a fuel cell comprises an inner layer of polyester moulding material (in contact with the transported medium) and at least one of the following: (a) a layer of polyamide; (b) a layer of functionalised polyolefin; (c) a layer of non-functionalised polyolefin; and (d) a layer of EVOH.    USE - In conduit systems for fuel cells, especially for use in motor vehicles, e.g. multi-layer tubes, feeder tanks, connectors, adapters, filters and components of pumps and valves.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the low-cost production of lightweight fuel cell components with an improved barrier action against hydrocarbons, alcohols and hydrogen. These elements show very good adhesion between the different polymer layers and minimal leaching of substances which might react with electrolytes or anode materials to cause catalyst poisoning or unwanted polarisation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system containing this element, especially for use in motor vehicle power units.
NOVELTY - A hose material comprises an ethylene-propylene copolymer and a carbon black having a toluene discoloration of 30-50%.    USE - Used for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The hose material satisfies both low extraction and electrical insulation, and has improved mechanical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hose for a fuel cell system using the hose material described above.
NOVELTY - Forming a highly relaxed semiconductor layer (52) in a growth chamber involves maintaining a substrate (51) e.g. oriented silicon wafer or silicon-on-insulator substrate at constant 350 - 500 (preferably 380 - 420)degreesC on a substrate carrier, establishing a high-density, low-energy plasma such that the substrate is exposed to plasma, directing silane gas and germane gas through a gas inlet into the growth chamber.    USE - For forming highly relaxed semiconductor layer to form heterostructure semiconductor device (claimed), e.g. n-modulation doped field effect transistor structure (n-MODFECT) in transistors, sensors, spectroscopy, quantum computers, solar cells, and other devices/systems.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor layer shows self-relaxation. This allows thin, highly relaxed semiconductor layer to be formed that has relaxation of more than 75% after completion of one-step deposition. Formation of semiconductor layer takes less than 5 (preferably 1 - 4) minutes. The growth rate is increased drastically i.e. 1 - 10 (preferably 1.5 - 4) nm/second thus allowing the method to be used for industrial manufacturing of semiconductor devices. The thickness of layer is 100 - 800 nm. The semiconductor layer after complete formation has a surface roughness of less than 1.8 nm and/or peak-to-valley height difference of less than 5 nm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a heterostructure semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic set-up for n-modulation doped field effect transistor structure (n-MODFECT).    n-MODFECT (50)    substrate (51)    buffer (52)    cladding layer (54)    channel (56)    spacer (57)    active region. (59)
NOVELTY - A self-regulating hydrogen gas generator comprises a catalytic reactor (20) having an elastic arrangement (24) with designated compressing and restoring force. The elastic arrangement moves catalyst (21) towards the closed (27) or opened (28) portion of the reactor based on the pressure of the fuel tank due to generation of hydrogen gas, to regulate hydrogen gas generation.    USE - For hydrogen fuel cell (claimed) or fuel engine of mobile equipment e.g. vehicle, small sized electronic devices e.g. portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas generator actively self-regulates the generation and interruption of hydrogen gas based on the pressure of the generated gas without any external force, thus having a simple structure and reducing production cost. The hydrogen gas generator has reduced volume and weight of the fuel cell serving as an energy source for various equipment. The hydrogen gas generator stimulates the use of hydrogen as clean alternative energy, and causes the hydrogen gas to be used as a substitute for gradually exhausting fossil fuels, thus preventing air pollution and providing a clean environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partially exploded perspective view of the catalytic reactor.    Catalytic reactor (20)    Catalyst (21)    Elastic arrangement (24)    Closed portion (27)    Opened portion. (28)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises fuel supply unit which supplies fuel in solid or liquid state under normal temperature and pressure, to anode (2), oxidizing agent supply unit which supplies oxidizing agent that comprises oxygen to cathode (3), and heating unit for heating the fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell for mobile phone and notebook type computer.    ADVANTAGE - Provides cell with excellent portability and better power generating efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrolyte (1)    anode (2)    cathode (3)    tubes (13,14)
NOVELTY - In a photoactive device with organic layers, especially solar cell, comprising a sequence of organic thin films and contact layers with a doped transport layer and a photoactive layer, arranged in a pi-, ni- or pin-diode structure, each of a p-, i- or n-layer, the transport layer has a larger optical band gap than the photoactive layer and the structure is partly transparent at least in part of the solar spectrum from 350 to 2000 nm.    USE - The product is an organic photoactive, especially solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The individual diodes have a high internal quantum yield and can be optically thin (peak absorption less than 80%). A high external quantum yield is obtained by extending the optical path of the incident light with light traps or stacking several diodes, both of which improve recombination and generation.
NOVELTY - Catalyst composition comprises a perovskite structure and a Ruddlesden Popper structure.    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. diesel to produce a high percentage yield of hydrogen for supplying a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive catalyst composition provides high selectivity of converting diesel-like hydrocarbon to hydrogen and carbon oxides under high fuel feed rate and a low reforming temperature. It provides excellent autothermal reforming efficiency under wide range of oxygen (O2)/carbon (C) ratio and steam (H2O)/C ratio, and superior steam reforming efficiency when air is absent from the feed. It has good stability of the catalytic activity under high operating temperature and exhibits little or no carbon formation of catalyst surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalyst composition comprises a perovskite structure having a formula of (Al-xAx')(B1-yB'y)O3e (I), and a Ruddlesden Popper structure having a formula (A1-zAz'O)(A1-xA'xB1-yB'yO3e)n (II).    A = La, Y, Pr, or Gd;    A' = Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ag, or Ce;    B = Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ga, Al, Cr, Mn, Ti, V, Mo, W, Zr, Nb, or Sn;    B' = Ru, or Rh;    x = 0-1;    y = 0-0.5;    z = 0-0.5.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) catalyst comprising Lal-xAxCl-yByO3 (III); and    (2) method of producing the catalyst comprising dissolving lanthanum nitrate-containing compound (La(NO3)3) in water to form a solution, dissolving chromium nitrate-containing compound (Cr(NO3)3) in the solution, dissolving ruthenium nitrate-containing compound (Ru(NO)(NO3)3) in the solution, and evaporating the solution to form foam that ignites to form the catalyst.    A = Gd, Pr, and/or Sr;    x = 0.05-1;    y = 0.01-0.2.
NOVELTY - A control system for supplying fuel to fuel cell stack that includes anode and cathode and generates electrical energy by chemical reaction, comprises fuel storage unit, diluent storage unit, sensor that detects concentration of fuel in a fuel mixture solution and outputs a signal according to the concentration; and control unit that receives the signal from the sensor and controls the fuel mixture solution.    USE - For supplying fuel to fuel cell stack that generates electrical energy (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The control system includes a small sensor that can simply measure the concentration of fuel. Thus, a smaller fuel cell with higher efficiency can be manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A control system for supplying fuel to fuel cell stack that includes anode and cathode and generates electrical energy by chemical reaction of the fuel, comprises fuel storage unit; diluent storage unit that stores a diluent that is byproduct of the chemical reaction in the fuel cell stack; sensor that detects concentration of fuel in a fuel mixture solution and outputs a signal according to the concentration; and control unit that receives the signal from the sensor and controls the fuel mixture solution.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a sensor for a fuel concentration in a fuel cell comprising external electrode, internal electrode, and sensor member that fills the space between the internal and external electrodes, where the sensor member changes volume depending on a concentration of fuel in fuel mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a fuel amount control system of a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A pressure swing adsorption unit (12) has an adsorption tower which removes impurities other than hydrogen from a reformed gas. A tank (36) sores the off gas produced by removal of impurities from the reformed gas. The combustible off gas is supplied to a start-up catalytic combustor (25) used for heating a reformer (22) during the start-up of the hydrogen generator (10).    USE - For producing hydrogen for supply to fuel cell used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The generator has a simple structure. Enables efficiently utilizing the heat produced by the combustion of the off gas such as carbon monoxide, in the combustor, for performing start-up of the generator. Reduces the amount of generation of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas of the generator. Prevents excessive consumption of the off gas at the starting of the generator, as the fuel is supplied to the combustor. Enables heating the reformed gas fed to the adsorption tower, using the off gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The combustor having a combustion catalyst, receives fuel from a fuel supply unit. A bypass path bypassing the tower, connects a reformed-gas supply unit of the tower to the off gas storage tank.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generator (10)    adsorption unit (12)    reformer (22)    combustor (25)    tank (36)
NOVELTY - The casting mold (1) has a release material film (2) formed on the inner surface. The release material film contains silicon nitride powder. An oxide film of thickness 1 nm or more is formed on the surface of the silicon nitride powder by oxidation.    USE - For silicon casting used for preparation of silicon ingot for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The casting mold provides silicon ingot of high purity with favorable yield. The generation of silicon nitride precipitate to the inside of silicon ingot, and peeling of the release material from the ingot, are effectively suppressed. The high purity silicon nitride powder has uniform particle size and smooth surface. The formation of porous particle such as aggregate and melt particles in silicon nitride powder after oxidation is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of casting mold.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows whole slant view of the casting mold.    casting mold (1)    release material film (2)    casting mold bottom material (101)    casting mold side face material (102)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen separation membrane is formed by joining hydrogen separation metal film (2) having hydrogen permselectivity, and aperture-processed metal support material (1). The membrane has junction portion formed by carrying out metallic bond in contact portion (1b) of the metal film and support material, and non-junction portion free from metallic bond.    USE - In film reactor and hydrogen separation unit for selectively removing hydrogen from reformed gas containing multiple components (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen separation membrane has excellent mechanical strength and hydrogen permeability. Efficient manufacture of the hydrogen separation membrane is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of the hydrogen separation membrane;    (2) hydrogen separation unit; and    (3) film reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the hydrogen separation membrane.    metal support material (1)    periphery edge portion (1a)    contact portion (1b)    hydrogen separation metal film (2)    aperture hole (3)
NOVELTY - An adsorption film (AF) is formed on surface (54a) of substrate (I) (54) at which concave portion (56a) is formed. AF except the portion existing on portion (56a), is removed by grinding the surface. A catalyst-containing liquid is applied on AF which remained on portion (56a), and the catalyst is made to adsorb. A substrate (II) (55) is joined to surface of substrate (I) to manufacture catalytic-reaction device.    USE - For manufacturing catalytic-reaction device used for fuel cell-type electric power generating system used as power supplying device for portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic-reaction device having catalyst layer with excellent reaction promoting property is effectively manufactured. Damage of the catalyst with the mask removal liquid is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The adsorption film is metal oxide film (70).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing procedure of main structure of reaction container.    substrate (I) (54)    surface of substrate (I) (54a)    substrate (II) (55)    concave portion (56a)    catalyst layer (59)    metal oxide film (70)
NOVELTY - A catalyst component (59a) containing catalyst is inserted in groove (56a) formed at surface of a substrate (54). A substrate (55) is joined to the substrate (54), such that groove is covered with the catalyst component, to obtain a catalytic-reaction device.    USE - For manufacture of catalytic-reaction device used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic-reaction device is simply manufactured without supporting catalyst with photomask. The damage of catalyst with the removal liquid of mask is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for catalytic-reaction device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of reaction container main portion.    internal heater (51)    substrates (54,55)    groove (56a)    through hole (57a)    catalyst component (59a)
NOVELTY - A supply source of an amphoteric impurity element is provided in a supply route of a metal source gas that is arranged in a crystal growth furnace such that impurity element is added to a I-III-VI2 group or II-IV-V2 group semiconductor compound and the conduction type of the semiconductor is controlled to P or N type.    USE - For manufacturing chalcopyrite type semiconductor compound used for thin film used in solar cell, and semiconductor laser material.    ADVANTAGE - The chalcopyrite type semiconductor compound is manufactured efficiently.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas of predetermined pressure is filled inside a test object (3) which is provided in a sealed airtight container (1). The container is filled with a liquid e.g. water or oil, and the pressure of the liquid is fluctuated using a pressurization apparatus.    USE - For measuring fatigue strength of high-pressure gas such as hydrogen gas in fuel cell used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to perform fatigue-test of high-pressure gas and evaluate fatigue characteristics, easily within short time. Prevents the danger of ignition or combustion even when hydrogen gas leaks from test object and contacts with liquid in the container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for high-pressure gas fatigue-test apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the high-pressure gas fatigue-test apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    sealed airtight container (1)    fixing jigs (2,4)    test object (3)    cylinder (31)    piston (32)
NOVELTY - An air-fuel mixing unit mixes fuel with air in a modification catalyst, during particulation of air. The fuel modifier modifies air-fuel mixture of fuel and air in the modification catalyst.    USE - For reforming mixture of fuel and air in internal combustion engine such as four-cylinder engine used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel and air are mixed favorably, enhancing the efficiency of the fuel modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel supply path (19) contains an emulsion tube (17) filled with sintered compact in specific region. The air is guided into the sintered-compact filled region through an air guide tube (L3). A venturi tube (27) is arranged in the edge near the modification catalyst to produce low-pressure in a mixing chamber (22). A tubular element is connected to the fuel supply path and is formed of inner diameter smaller than the diameter of a connection portion of the fuel supply path. A space is formed between the inner wall surfaces of the mixing chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded sectional view of the fuel modifier.    emulsion tube (17)    fuel supply path (19)    mixing chamber (22)    venturi tube (27)    air guide tube (L3)
NOVELTY - The methanol and water vapor are reacted in presence of a catalyst containing platinum or palladium, zinc oxide and chrome oxide as main component, to obtain hydrogen-containing reformed gas.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas for fuel cell, motor vehicle and portable devices.    ADVANTAGE - The method is suitable for producing hydrogen-containing gas on high load conditions, efficiently. The modification activity is maintained for a long period of time, and has high durability.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell catalyst consists of highly-dispersed nanoparticles, and has high activity. The fuel cell catalyst of high activity is prepared by supporting ruthenium oxide on a catalyst support.    USE - As electrode catalyst of fuel cell, modifier catalyst, hydrogen occluding catalyst, chemo synthesis activating catalyst, catalyst for purifying light sensitive organic material, sensor catalyst and detector catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell catalyst has high activity and large surface area. The catalyst is manufactured simply and inexpensively. The catalyst has excellent hydrogen occluding property and long life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst support comprises platinum/carbon support, transition-metal catalyst material, porous inorganic substance and organic material, such as carbon, zeolite, fluorine resin-based material, platinum group element such as platinum and palladium, and nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper and zinc, or their composite material. The catalyst support is preferably electrode of film-electrode joint structure. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of fuel cell catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure fuel cell catalyst manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The radiation propagation suppression films (14,15) having different reflectance with respect to electromagnetic wave of predetermined frequency, are provided at different area around the heat source used for heating reaction path. The temperature sensors (18,19) are provided at outer surface of outer casing (4,5).    USE - Chemical reactor used in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Thermal runaway is prevented, by detecting temperature in reaction path from outside of reaction path.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of chemical reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    outer casing (4,5)    suppression films (14,15)    temperature sensors (18,19)
NOVELTY - A transparent cover film has a shock-resistant layer (3) and/or a gas barrier layer (2) sequentially formed on a flame-retardant base material (1). The shock-resistant layer, gas barrier layer and flame-retardant base material are transparent. The base material is capable of absorbing an impact from the outer side.    USE - Used for illumination and display of solar cells used for solar cell modules (both claimed), such as crystalline-silicon group solar cells, amorphous-silicon solar cells and organic thin-film solar cells, and for organic electroluminescent devices, inorganic electroluminescent devices, field emission displays (FED) and liquid crystal displays, and as a building material.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent cover film has good weather resistance, and prevents the permeation of oxygen and water vapor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solar cell; and    (2) a solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a transparent cover film.    flame-retardant base material (1)    gas barrier layer (2)    shock-resistant layer (3)
NOVELTY - The silicide layer (102) is formed on the surface of a silicon group semiconductor substrate (100). Anisotropic etching processing is performed on the substrate surface at which layer (102) is formed. A texture surface is formed, to obtain a solar cell.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell with excellent optical confinement structure, high yield and electric power generation efficiency, is obtained easily and quickly by simple and cost-effective method. The method forms uniform and favorable texture structure with high accuracy. The cell has low electrode resistance, and decreases reflectance with respect to sunlight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of manufacture method of solar cell.    substrate (100)    silicide layer (102)
NOVELTY - Several balls (304) are held between an inner race (301) and an outer race (302). A grease composition comprising a blend of a fluorine type thickening agent and a fluorochemical surfactant with a fluorine type lubricating agent, is sealed in the bearing.    USE - Ball bearing and roller bearing for use in pumping unit (claimed) for fuel cell system (claimed) used to produce electrical energy for use in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The rust-proof ability of the bearing is improved. Enables using the bearing in the acidic atmosphere. The pumping unit is operable stably over a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thickening agent consists of polytetra fluoroethylene manufactured from perfluoropolyether oil. The surfactant contains carbon atoms and fluorine atoms in the ratio of 1:2-2:1, and constitutes 0.2-10 mass % of the composition. The bearing is usable in an acidic atmosphere.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) pumping unit for fuel cell system, which uses roller bearing; and    (2) fuel cell system with pumping unit for pumping various fluids to a fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the ball bearing.    ball bearing (300)    inner race (301)    outer race (302)    holder (303)    ball (304)
NOVELTY - A gallium-containing silicon melt solution (14) is contacted with substrate (11). Subsequently, gallium-containing silicon sheet (12) is grown on the substrate surface, and silicon sheet is obtained.    USE - For manufacturing silicon sheet used for solar cells (both claimed), and semiconductor devices.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon sheet of stable quality is efficiently and economically obtained. The obtained silicon sheet is eco-friendly, and economically provides solar cell with little deterioration property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) silicon sheet which is obtained by above mentioned method; and    (2) solar cell which is obtained by using the silicon sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline sectional drawing of apparatus used for producing gallium-containing silicon sheet.    substrate (11)    gallium-containing silicon sheet (12)    melting pot (13)    gallium-containing silicon melt solution (14)    heater (15)
NOVELTY - Organic molecules are added to a fuel supply, to odorize the fuel supply which helps in detection of fuel leaks in a fuel cell system.    USE - For facilitating detection of fuel leaks in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The organic molecules can also acts as sources of fuel, provides leak detection mechanism without the need for any specialized anodes that are sulfur-tolerant. The organic molecules change and do not emit a detectable odor after forming products that exhaust from the fuel cell housing and the odorant is preferably non-toxic, or at least has a detectable odor below a toxicity level. The organic molecules have relatively low (of the order of 10 ppb or less) odor threshold required to facilitate a detectable odor to the human sense of smell upon leaking from a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel apparatus comprising an anode; a cathode; an electrolyte; and a fuel supply odorized with organic molecules coupled to the anode.
NOVELTY - Producing photovoltaic device comprises; (a) forming zinc oxide layer on substrate at least by electrolytic deposition; (b) subjecting the zinc oxide layer to plasma treatment with rare gas or nitrogen gas, ion irradiation, light irradiation or electromagnetic irradiation; and (c) forming a semiconductor layer on zinc oxide layer. The semiconductor layer comprises non-single crystal silicon material containing hydrogen and has pin junction(s).    USE - Producing photovoltaic device useful for electric power generation method.    ADVANTAGE - The invention avoids deterioration in reflectance of layer. It has excellent adhesion to the layer so eliminating peeling. It offers high photoelectric conversion efficiency and high durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the apparatus for depositing zinc oxide layer by electrolytic deposition.    Delivery roller (301)    Wind-up roller (302)    Conveying roller (304)    Zinc oxide depositing tank (305)    Zinc oxide tank (306)    Counter electrode (307)    Power source (308)    Cleaning tank (309)    Pure water cleaning bath (310)
NOVELTY - A surface structure comprises a coating consisting of chevrel phase clusters arranged on a substrate.    USE - Used in a fuel cell or catalyst (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface structure is easy to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a surface structure.
NOVELTY - This invention relates to a complex electrolyte and its usage which is an alcohol addition compound electrolyte generated by alcohol and polybase metallic salt halide or added by at least one of elementary iodine, control agent for rate of crystallization or monad nantokite compound having high conductivity, non-volatility and suitable fusion point used in solar energy battery, Li ion battery and fuel battery.
NOVELTY - A module frame (10) for housing solar battery element, has a cavity portion (15) in periphery. A filler is packed in the cavity portion of the frame.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents freezing of water in cavity portion, and thereby eliminates deformation of module frame. Facilitates improvement of strength of solar cell module at reduced cost. Improves heat insulation property of solar cell module. Prevents corrosion and generation of fungi in inner surface of cavity portion of module frame.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of module frame portion of the solar cell module.    module frame (10)    outer wall portion of module frame (11)    square C-shaped portion of module frame (12)    inner wall portion of module frame (13)    bottom portion of module frame (14)    cavity portion of module frame (15)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive polymer is formed by connecting thiophene rings. A cyanated fullerene group is connected to side chain of connected thiophene ring.    USE - For organic solar cell (claimed), organic electroluminescent element, organic transistor and organic solid electrolytic capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - Electroconductivity and electric charge separability of the polymer, are improved. A conductive resin with excellent mechanical strength and light resistance, is obtained. Organic solar cell with excellent electronic property, is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Alternately, a methylated fullerene group is connected to the side chain of connected thiophene ring. The thiophene ring is a thiophene oligomer. The electroconductive polymer is an adduct of thiophene oligomer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of electroconductive polymer; and    (2) organic solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-section of organic solar cell.    transparent substrate (1)    transparent electrode (2)    electron donor layer (3)    active layer (4)    lithium fluoride layer (5)    Al electrode (6)    organic solar cell (8)
NOVELTY - Metal contact structures on surface of a solar cell in a semiconductor substrate are fabricated by forming a first thin metal layer in contact with the semiconductor substrate; forming a thin barrier metal layer over the first metal layer; and increasing thickness of the barrier layer by plating.    USE - For fabricating metal contact structures on surface of a solar cell in a semiconductor substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The invented method fabricates metal contacts that provide good ohmic connection and reflection properties for the backside of a solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a metal contact structure comprising a base metal in contact with a semiconductor substrate of the solar cell; and a barrier metal overlying the base metal. The barrier metal includes a strike metal layer and metal plated on the strike layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a side view illustrating the fabrication of a metal contact structure.    Wafer (10)    P+/N+ regions (12, 18)    Silicon oxide layer (14, 30)    Doped layer (28)    Coating (32)
NOVELTY - A proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrode comprises carbon nanotubes forming a mat having a planar area and thickness greater than 1 microns, and a catalyst metal (I) in contact with the mat. (I) is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, tin, and/or aluminum.    USE - For hydrogen/oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrode provides higher fuel cell performance while minimizing the amount of expensive catalytic metal and associated costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a method for preparing a fuel cell membrane electrode, comprising associating a catalytic metal with carbon nanotubes and forming a membrane electrode;    (B) a membrane electrode assembly, comprising a proton exchange membrane, an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and carbon nanotubes positioned between the anode electrode and the proton exchange membrane;    (C) a method for preparing a membrane electrode assembly, comprising preparing an ink comprising carbon nanotubes and catalytic metal, and coating the ink on side(s) of a proton exchange membrane;    (D) a catalyst ink comprising carbon nanotubes and catalytic metal; and    (E) a PEM fuel cell comprising an anode electrode (104), a cathode electrode (204), and a proton exchange membrane where the anode electrode comprises single-wall carbon nanotubes and the single-wall carbon nanotubes support platinum-containing metal particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell.    Anode electrode (104)    Electrolyte membrane (105)    Cathode-side bipolar plate (201)    Gas channel (202)    Cathode electrode (204)
NOVELTY - Preparing the surface (40) of a porous metal substrate (30) with a surface region and a body region for membrane deposition comprises adding material (100) to the surface region of a porous metal substrate by applying a cold spray (101).    USE - For preparing the surface of a porous metal substrate for use in a separation membrane (claimed). The membranes are useful in fuel cells, typically polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention does not decrease the average bulk porosity of the metal substrate. The cold spray reduces surface variance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a separation membrane comprising a porous metal substrate with a principal surface previously coated by application of a cold spray; a variance on the coated principal surface; a body region of the metal substrate; a surface region extending from the body region to the principal surface; and a membrane deposited on the coated principal surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a porous metal substrate being exposed to a cold spray.    Metal substrate (30)    Surface (40)    Material (100)    Cold spray (101)
NOVELTY - Particles (12) are coated by suspending the particles in first solution comprising first monomers forming a self-assembling monolayer on the particles, and suspending the coated particles in a second solution comprising chemical species and initiator for oxidative polymerization. The chemical species have a higher oxidation potential than the monomers and the chemical species forming a homopolymer in the presence of the initiator.    USE - For coating particles comprising titanium oxide, silicon oxide, tin oxide, or aluminum oxide semiconductor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive particles is modified with polymers that are more hydrophobic than titanium oxide, thus enabling particles to be stably dispersed in organic solvents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a coated particle comprising a particle coated with a layer of a first monomer surrounding the particle, and polymer molecules covalently bound to the first monomers. The first monomers form a self-assembling monolayer on the particles. The polymers comprise homopolymer of chemical species having higher oxidation potential than the monomers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the modification that occurs in the particles at different stages in the inventive method.    Particles (12)    Molecular species (13)    Reaction vessel (20)
NOVELTY - A storage and dispensing system for storing and dispensing a target gas, comprises a housing; microtubular elements in the housing, each element comprising a tubular wall defining a bore side and a shell side, the bore side being sealed from the shell side; and carrier material for the target gas and disposed in the housing and at either the bore- or shell sides of the microtubular elements.    USE - For storing and dispensing a target gas e.g. hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gas storage system has enhanced gas storage capacity, reduced storage/transportation cost and reduced risk of leakage/rupture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a microfibrous fuel cell structure, comprising hollow fibrous membrane separator defining a shell side and a bore side; inner current collector at the bore side of the separator; inner electrocatalyst layer at the bore side of the separator; outer current collector at the shell side of the separator; outer electrocatalyst layer at the shell side of the separator; and hydrogen supply structure at the bore side of the separator, which comprises a carrier material for hydrogen gas.
NOVELTY - An LED (2) irradiates light of multiple wavelengths onto a solar cell (4). The irradiation optical intensity (W) of each light wavelength and the absolute spectral sensitivity (A/W) of an output short circuit current (A) for each wavelength, is measured to evaluate the solar cell.    USE - Used for evaluating a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process facilitates simple evaluation of the absolute spectral sensitivity, absolute spectral-sensitivity curve and output short circuit current within a short time and minimizes the cost involved during solar cell evaluation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIMS is also included for solar cell evaluation equipment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell evaluation equipment.    LED (2)    Solar cell (4)
NOVELTY - A selective oxidation unit (17) of a fuel treating equipment (1) ejects the fuel gas (8) which mutually and simultaneously exchanges heat with the water (7) from a preheater (2). A fuel cell (3) is arranged to generate electric power by electro-chemical reaction.    USE - For electric-power generation using fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency. Enables to generate power reliably and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell electric-power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel treating equipment (1)    preheater (2)    fuel cell (3)    fuel gas (8)    selective oxidation unit (17)
NOVELTY - A heat insulation layer (39) covers the surface of a unit stack (16) in which number of unit batteries are stacked. The heat conductivity of the insulation film is kept less than 0.1 W/m/K and satisfies relation 20at mostP/Sat most31, where P is output of each unit battery and S is the surface area of the unit stack of each unit battery.    USE - Fuel cell power generator used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains high output with reduced size.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional drawing of the fuel cell power generator.    electrolyte film (8)    sealant (15)    unit stack portion (16)    heat insulation layer (39)    acryl board (40)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas for aging is supplied for 1-3 minutes during supply of electric current to a gas sensing element and a temperature-compensation element of a hydrogen sensor. The hydrogen concentration is measured based on the difference between electrical resistance value of the sensing and compensation elements.    USE - For calibrating contact-type hydrogen sensor used in fuel cell vehicle such as electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses generation of zero-point fluctuation and sensitivity change of the hydrogen sensor easily and efficiently, by aging processing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart of calibration method of contact-type hydrogen sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A curing type composition contains vinyl ether group-containing (meth)acrylic acid ester having (meth)acryloyl group(s) and vinyl ether group(s) in the molecule.    USE - For coating plastic substrate (claimed), liquid crystal display substrate, touch panel substrate, organic electroluminescent film substrate and solar cell substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The curing type composition has excellent harden ability and coating film with excellent scuffing resistance, solvent resistance, water resistance and surface smoothness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) cured material which is obtained by hardening the curing type composition; and    (2) substrate coated with the cured material, which is obtained by coating the curing type composition on a plastic substrate and curing the composition.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen extracting apparatus has circuit formed by power supplies (7,9) and catalyst supporting conductive materials (M1,M2), electrolyte film (3) clamped between the materials, and units (U1-U3). Material (M1) is capable of oxidizing hydrogen. Unit (U1) supplies reformed gas having carbon monoxide as impurity, to material (M1). Unit (U2) recovers reformed gas from material (M1). Unit (U3) recovers hydrogen from material (M2).    USE - For extracting hydrogen gas from reformed gas, used for generating electric power in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen extracting apparatus removes pure hydrogen from reformed gas. The carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas is removed completely, and catalyst poisoning is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of hydrogen extracting apparatus.    electrodes (1,2)    electrolyte film (3)    collectors (4a,4b)    flow meter (6)    power supplies (7,9)
NOVELTY - A thin oxide film or nitride film formed on a step-shaped single crystal oxide substrate, is annealed at a temperature of 400-1550 degreesC. A groove that corresponds to a step of the substrate, is formed on the oxide or nitride film, by the substance spreading at the time of annealing.    USE - For manufacturing super fine channel structure used for light emitting element, sensor, catalyst, chemical reaction microchip medium, DNA device and object for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The super fine structure is manufactured reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph illustrating the characteristics oxide or nitride film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Polymer film is immersed in supercritical carbon dioxide in which an organometallic compound is dissolved and film supporting organometallic compound is produced. Then, the organometallic compound is decomposed, and fine metal ultrafine particles or metal oxide ultrafine particles are produced in the film. Thus, a composite polymer film is produced.    USE - Gas separation membrane for hydrogen concentration apparatus (both claimed), fuel cell system and for deoxygenation in thermochemistry process.    ADVANTAGE - The gas separation membrane has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, weather resistance and improved gas selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) gas separation membrane; and    (2) hydrogen concentration apparatus.
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises palladium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten and/or rhenium.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen by water gas shift reaction which is used for polymer electrolyte fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst uses inexpensive metal and has high catalytic activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen manufacturing apparatus which performs water gas shift reaction of gas subjected to steam reforming, using the catalyst; and    (2) polymer electrolyte fuel cell system which uses the hydrogen produced using hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.
NOVELTY - The method involves baking coating film formed by applying dispersion liquid containing metal micro particle and organic dispersant on a current collection layer (6), in non-oxidative atmosphere to form a reaction layer (10).    USE - For manufacturing fuel cell used as electric power source of electronic device (claimed) such as mobile phone, notebook computer, personal digital assistant, personal handy sound system, portable television mounted on motor vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is easily manufactured at low cost using simple process. The reaction layer has high catalyst activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas passage way (3) is formed in the substrate (2), for supplying reactive gas. The current collection layer for collecting the electrons produced during supply of reactive gas, is formed on the substrate. The coating film is formed using an ejector. The organic dispersant is alkylene glycol type material. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electronic device; and    (2) motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell.    substrate (2)    gas passage way (3)    support (4)    current collection layer (6)    reaction layer (10)
NOVELTY - The substrate (S) consists of a peripheral portion (2) and the growth surface (1) on which the silicon sheet is made to grow by contacting the substrate with the melt solution containing silicon. A concave portion (4) is formed at front end peripheral portion.    USE - For manufacturing silicon sheet (claimed) used in solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The silicon sheet is easily manufactured at low cost using simple substrate. The yield of the silicon sheet is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The height between the concave portion and growth surface is set same.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) silicon sheet manufacturing method;    (2) silicon sheet; and solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective views of the substrate.    growth surface (1)    peripheral portion (2)    front end (3)    concave portion (4)    substrate (S)
NOVELTY - A liquefaction agent contains a specific fluoropolymer.    USE - For carbon nanotube used for film (claimed) used for photoconductive material, emitter material for field emission display, electrode material for solar cell, hydrogen occlusion material, cathode material for lithium ion battery, optical switch, light operational element and electrode material for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The liquefaction agent is capable of liquefying carbon nanotube. The carbon nanotube is easily dissolved in water of organic solvent due to presence of fluoropolymer, without performing preprocessing of carbon nanotube.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A liquefaction agent contains a specific fluoropolymer of formula (1): Rf1-(CH2CRaRb)m-Rf2.    Rf1, Rf2 = 3C or more poly fluoro alkyl group or 3C or more polyfluoro oxa alkyl group;    Ra = H atom, methyl group or halogen atom;    Rb = halogen atom, cyano group, -Si(R3)3, -OCOR4, -CO2R4 or -CONR5R6;    R3 = 1-4C alkyl, 1-4C alkoxy or 1-4C aliphatic carboxylic acid residue;    R4-R6 = H atom, 1-18C alkyl, 2-6C hydroxyalkyl group, 1-18C sulfonic-acid-containing alkyl group, -CH2CH2CH2Si(R7)3 or -(C(R8)2)nCOR7, and NR5R6 combines to form ring having ether bond;    R7 = 1-4C alkyl or 1-4C alkoxy;    R8 = H atom or 1-4C alkyl;    n = 1-5;and    m = 1-5000.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solvent-soluble carbon nanotube composition containing fluoropolymer and carbon nanotube;    (2) carbon nanotube-containing liquid composition containing soluble film-forming resin, soluble carbon nanotube, solvent of fluoropolymer, and fluoropolymer; and    (3) carbon nanotube-containing film obtained by carrying out segregation of carbon nanotube surface.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly comprises a threaded casing, and fuel cell element(s) (300) comprising an electrode and electrolyte material. The fuel cell elements are engaged in the threaded casing.    USE - Used for generating electricity and heat.    ADVANTAGE - The threads allow the fuel cell element to be rotated along axial direction of the borehole. They allows for continuous gas and liquid sealing with expansion/contraction of the fuel cell element. The depth and tolerance of the threads maintain a seal w.r.t the thermal expansion of the fuel cell components, i.e. casing and elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) the production of a fuel cell comprising rotating a fuel cell element into a threaded fuel cell casing;    (2) a fuel cell casing for receiving a fuel cell element comprising a body having a cylindrical borehole with an inner surface and a spiral groove along the inner surface for engaging the fuel cell element; and    (3) a fuel cell element comprising a planar disc having electrode layer(s) and an electrolyte layer (320), in which the outer edge of the disk engages a threaded inner surface of the fuel cell casing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of a fuel cell element having an anode support structure.    Fuel cell element (300)    Anode layer (310)    Electrolyte layer (320)    Cathode layer (330)
NOVELTY - A solid state fuel cell includes a planar anode (50) nano structure of given conductivity having pores each of a given diameter directed from a first surface to a second surface, and a planar cathode (51) nano structure of a given conductivity having pores each of a predetermined diameter directed from a first surface to a second surface.    USE - Used in power cellular telephones, computers, automobiles, or appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell exhibits improves operation. It uses silicon carbide with nano structures that permits operation more efficiently and requires minimum volume of platinum.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid state fuel cell comprises a planar anode nano structure of a given conductivity having pores each of a given diameter directed from a first surface to a second surface. A planar cathode nano structure of a given conductivity has pores each of a predetermined diameter directed from a first surface to a second surface. The first surfaces of the anode and cathode are coated with a metallic catalyst. An electrolyte planar structure (52) has pores directed from a first surface to a second surface. The metallized surface of the anode structure is coupled to the first surface of the electrolyte structure. The metallized surface of the cathode structure coupled to the second surface of the electrolyte structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an assembled fuel cell and circuit operating with a load to provide a current through the load upon fuel cell operation.    Anode (50)    Cathode (51)    Electrolyte planar structure (52)    Coated surfaces (54, 55)
NOVELTY - Production of borohydride compounds involves reacting methane with (pseudo)alkali or ammonium compound followed by reduction with hydrogen; reaction with boron-containing species; and reduction with diborane.    USE - For production of borohydride compounds (claimed) useful as fuel (e.g. anodic fuel in a fuel cell) or as a hydrogen storage medium, and in transportation industry.    ADVANTAGE - The process is an improved and energy efficient industrial scale manufacturing process for preparation of borohydride compounds. The process removes large energy cost in borohydride production; and allows recycle of excess reagents and byproducts produced within the process in order to provide greater efficiency in the production of sodium borohydride.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production (P1) of borohydride compounds (I) involves:    (a) reacting methane with Y-containing species of formula Y2O to form Y, carbon monoxide and hydrogen;    (b) reacting the Y with hydrogen to obtain YH;    (c) reacting a boron-containing species of formula BX3 with YH to form YHBX3;    (d) separately reacting BX3 with hydrogen to obtain B2H6 and HX; and    (e) reacting YHBX3 with B2H6 to obtain YBH4 and BX3.    Y = alkali metals, pseudo-alkali, ammonium ion or quaternary amine of formula NR4+;    R = H or straight or branched 1-4C alkyl;    X = halide, alcohol, alkoxide, chalcogen or chalcogenide.
NOVELTY - The cathode electrode (10) and anode electrode (12) produce spin polarized electrons and holes respectively under the influence of electric field, to combine in an organic semiconducting medium (14) to form excitons, in which some of them produce light.    USE - Used in e.g. organic light emitting diode producing spin polarized electrons and holes.    ADVANTAGE - Doubles the quantum efficiency which is proportional to the quantity of light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method for producing light by light emitting device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of spintronic light emitting device.    Cathode electrode (10)    Anode electrode (12)    Semiconducting medium (14)    Circuit (15)    Electric energy (20)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte comprises a complex compound containing polyvinyl alcohol, water, and inorganic compound(s), e.g. silicic acid compound, tungstic acid compound, molybdic acid compound, stannic acid compound, or zirconic acid compound. The solid electrolyte is produced by replacing part or all of the hydroxyl groups of a polyvinyl alcohol domain to groups each having a water absorption less than that of the hydroxyl group.    USE - Used in electrochemical systems, e.g. fuel cells, steam pumps, dehumidifiers, air conditioners, electrochromic devices, electrolytic devices, electrolytic hydrogen-producing devices, electrolytic hydrogen-peroxide-producing apparatus, electrolyzed water-producing apparatus, humidity sensors, hydrogen sensors, primary batteries, secondary batteries, optical switch systems, new battery systems using multivalent metal, or fuel cells of direct methanol type (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and exhibits low swelling and low strength reduction even if it is positioned in the wet condition.
NOVELTY - An optoelectronic apparatus (200) comprises a transparent electrode (202A) having a layer transparent electrically conducting polymer material, and an array of electrically conductive wires (206) distributed across the layer of transparent electrically conducting polymer material. The electrically conductive wires are in electrical contact with the layer of transparent conducting material.    USE - For solar cell or photovoltaic device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invented optoelectronic apparatus provides reduced power loss and is acceptable for photovoltaic approaches.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for making an optoelectronic apparatus forming a transparent conducting electrode by distributing an array of conductive wires across a layer of transparent conducting polymer such that the conductive wires make electrical contact with the conducting polymer material; and attaching the conductive wires to the conductive polymer material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of an optoelectronic apparatus.    Apparatus (200)    Active layer (201)    Transparent electrode (202A)    Polymer layer (204)    Wire array (206)
NOVELTY - A fuel processing system comprises a water gas shift reaction section including a reactor with a high activity catalyst for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformate to a relatively low level, to relatively reduce the structural volume of the fuel processing system.    USE - For a fuel cell power plant (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The high activity catalyst in the low-temperature WGS reactor reduces the concentration of CO in the reformate to at most 2000 ppmv. The use of this catalyst requires only a low-temperature PROX reactor for preferential oxidation in the fuel processing system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel processing system, for a fuel cell power plant, including a fuel cell stack assembly (CSA) includes at least a water gas shift reaction section (WGS) for receiving hydrocarbon reformate containing carbon monoxide (CO) and reducing the concentration of CO in the reformate via the shift reaction; and at least a preferential oxidation section (PROX) for further reducing the concentration of CO in the reformate to a concentration acceptable for operating the CSA. The WGS section includes a reactor with a high activity catalyst for reducing the concentration of CO in the reformate to a relatively low level to relatively reduce the structural volume of the fuel processing system.
NOVELTY - The method involves operating a reactant supply system (16) to supply a reactant to a fuel cell stack (12) and reacting the reactant and ambient air in the fuel cell stack to produce power. An oxidant supply system (18) is operated to supply oxidant to the fuel cell stack after sufficient power has been accumulated in an electrical storage device to power the oxidant supply system.    USE - Used for operating a fuel cell system for generating electric current in transportation application e.g. car, truck, bus, train, ship and aircraft and stationary and portable applications e.g. distributed power generation, back-up power, peak power and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidant supply system is operated to supply oxidant to the fuel cell stack after sufficient power has been accumulated in an electrical storage device to power the oxidant supply system, to produce sufficient power to supply the internal and external loads. The method allows the fuel cell system to be bootstrapped into operation by providing sufficient power to supply the internal and external loads, without requiring an external power source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (10)    Fuel cell stack (12)    Load (14)    Reactant supply system (16)    Oxidant supply system (18)
NOVELTY - A fullerodendrimer is new.    USE - The invention is for a thin film provided on a substrate for a product (claimed), and coating materials. The fullerodendrimer-comprising film and fullerene film can be applied to organic semiconductor devices utilizing the optophysico-chemical characteristics of fullerene, particularly to solar panel materials, organic electroluminescent materials, photorefractive polymers, electrophotographic light-sensitive materials, and film materials having environmental cleansing actions. It is useful to photo-electric conversion components. Substrates are e.g. metal, resin, ceramic, and glass.    ADVANTAGE - The invention achieves high solubility in all solvents and polymeric substances, while retaining the function of a fullerene. It has high affinity for various macromolecules, yielding optimal molecular designs in the creation of composite films.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fullerodendrimer of formula (1) or (2) is new.    X = an electron-attracting substituent;    Y = a spacer;    Z = a terminal functional group required to achieve a function;and    n = 1-3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a method of manufacturing a thin film, comprising coating on a substrate of a mixture of fullerodendrimers with a solvent; and    (B) a method of manufacturing a product comprising a substrate on which is provided a fullerene thin film, comprising providing on a substrate of the thin film, and decomposing at least the dendrimer constituting the fullerodendrimer by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
NOVELTY - A conductivity sensor (16) comprises two annular electrodes having first inner and outer diameters, and a tubular portion disposed axially between the electrodes. The tubular portion defines a sensor cell (38) with the electrodes. The cell has a second inner diameter equal to the first outer diameter that is greater than the first inner diameter and a cell length between the electrodes. The electrodes extend axially from the tubular portion.    USE - For determining the conductivity of a fluid.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive conductivity sensor has a small package size, and allows detection of low conductivity fluids. It can perform in an electronically noisy environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of assembling a conductivity sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a conductivity sensor of the invention.    Conductivity sensor (16)    Electrodes (24, 26)    Tubular portion (28)    Sensor cell (38)
NOVELTY - A detector (20) detects the water level of the modified water filled in modifier water tank (17). A control unit (5) adjusts water quantity supplied to modification portion from the modifier water tank, based on the calculated variation of water level for preset time.    USE - Modifier for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The water quantity supplied to the modification portion is adjusted to desired value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel cell.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Control unit (5)    Water tank (17)    Detector (20)    Water pump (18)
NOVELTY - A fuel gas flow path (10) is formed at the circumference of a modification chamber (7) having several reactive gas flow paths. A combustion chamber (8) provided at bottom of the modification chamber comprises heater which heats the supplied fuel gas. The modification chamber has several, parallel fins extended in front and back direction. .    USE - For modification of hydrogen fuel gas which is used as fuel of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the combustion chamber is provided with heater, fuel gas is preheated. Therefore, combustion of fuel gas is effective, before passage into the modification chamber. Therefore, heater at the exterior of the modifier is avoided. Since the fuel gas flow path is formed at the circumference of the modification chamber, Heating surface of the heater is controlled easily. Due to the partition valve and the fins, the heat transfer of the combustion chamber to the reactive gas flow path is enabled uniformly and channeling of the fuel gas is reduced. Due to the hydrogen permeable film, hydrogen gas of optimum energy can be obtained even if low reaction temperature exists in modification chamber. Provides simple structure modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel gas is guided into the modification chamber by the fins so as to mix with reactive gas and to form reformed gas which passes through the exit of the chamber (7). The modification and the combustion chamber are divided by partition wall (9). A previous chamber with hydrogen permeable film is held at the side of the modification chamber through the partition wall. The hydrogen gas flowing into the modification chamber passes through the hydrogen permeation film before entering into the previous chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view and sectional views of the modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification chamber (7)    combustion chamber (8)    partition valve (9)    fuel gas flow path (10)    side wall (16)
NOVELTY - The evaporator (1) comprises board (3) that is heated by high temperature gas flowing through heating medium route (5) in a hot plate (2). The height (d1) of the projections (7) formed at liquid evaporation route (6) in the heated board, is lower than the route interval (d2).    USE - Micro channel type evaporator for fuel modification type fuel cell e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cell used as power supply of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The heat exchange efficiency is improved and the size of the evaporator is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the micro channel type evaporator.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporator (1)    hot plate (2)    heated board (3)    heating medium route (5)    liquid evaporation route (6)    projections (7)
NOVELTY - A pigment sensitization-type optoelectric transducer has semiconductor layer electrode, counter electrode and electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution contains a benzimidazole-type compound. The semiconductor layer electrode surface has a pigment.    USE - For pigment sensitization-type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The pigment sensitization-type optoelectric transducer has high release voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pigment sensitization-type solar cell, which is manufactured using the pigment sensitization-type optoelectric transducer.
NOVELTY - A particle-dispersed resin sheet (1) comprises epoxy resin (102) and a dispersed particle-form light diffusing agent (101). The epoxy resin contains dicyclopentadiene-type epoxy resin. The light-diffusing agent is distributed unevenly in the thickness direction of the resin sheet. The refractive index of the light-diffusing agent is different from the refractive index of the epoxy resin.    USE - Used as a substrate for image display devices and as a substrate for solar cells (all claimed), such as liquid crystal cell substrates. The image display device comprises a liquid crystal display device and a electroluminescent display device.    ADVANTAGE - The particle-dispersed resin sheet is thin, and has good toughness, scuffing resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance, moisture resistance, flexibility, transparency, gas barrier property, light transmittance, strength, color protecting property, light diffusivity and is lightweight. The resin sheet prevents glare resulting from back light incorporating illumination light or liquid crystal display, and improves visibility. The resin sheet enables the formation of a clear image by suppressing excessive diffusion of light. The resin sheet reduces the thickness and weight of the substrate used for an image display device and a solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an image display device substrate (A), which contains a particle-dispersed resin sheet;    (2) an image display device, comprising the substrate (A); and    (3) a solar cell substrate (B), which contains a particle-dispersed resin sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of the particle-dispersed resin sheet.    Particle-dispersed resin sheet (1)    Light diffusing agent (101)    Epoxy resin (102)
NOVELTY - The manufacture of a component, incorporating a sealed joint (5) at the periphery of an electrode (1), comprises: (a) the deposition of the electrode on a support (2); (b) the deposition of a hardenable material (3) on the support at the periphery of the electrode; (c) the positioning of a covering layer (4) on the electrode-hardenable material assembly; (d) the compression of the assembly between the support and the covering layer; (e) the hardening of the hardenable material; (f) the removal of the support and the covering layer.    USE - The method is used for the fabrication of a component with a sealed joint arranged on the periphery of an electrode, notably for the electrodes of a fuel cell, such as for example a proton exchange membrane fusion cell (PEMC) or an alkaline fuel cell (AFC).    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the fabrication of a component incorporating a sealed joint which avoids any damage to the membrane of a fuel cell using this component. This is achieved since the membrane is protected from mechanical stresses by the rigid joint acting as a wedge against these stresses.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the component incorporating a sealed joint at the periphery of an electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings respectively illustrate a stage in the method, two different components manufactured by the method, a stage in a particular mode of realisation by the method and a component manufactured by another particular mode of application of the method.    Electrode; (1)    Metal grid electrode; (1a)    Tissue electrode; (1b)    Support; (2)    Hardenable material layer; (3)    Covering layer; (4)    Sealed joint; (5)    Fibre glass mat; (6)    Resin layer; (7)    Membrane; (8)    Supplementary electrode; (9)    Air evacuation orifice. (10)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor device comprises: (a) a substrate made of a monocrystalline diboride; (b) a semiconductor stopper layer formed on the main surface of the substrate; and (c) a nitride semiconductor layer formed on the semiconductor stopper layer, incorporating one or several types of semiconductor nitrides.    USE - The semiconductor device is suitable for the production of a light emitting device and a light receiving device, such as an electroluminescent diode (LED), a diode laser (DL), a solar cell or a photosensor, as well as an electronic device such as a transistor or a power device.    ADVANTAGE - A semiconductor device is produced, of good quality, in which crystalline network defects are low, with a low electrical resistance from the nitride semiconductor towards the substrate and which augments the crystalline quality of the nitride semiconductor. It reduces irregularities in the shape of the surface of the nitride semiconductor and avoids warping and the formation of fissures in the semiconductor device and reduces the density of dislocations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) the growth of a semiconductor nitride; and    (b) the production of a semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a cross-sectional view illustrating schematically a semiconductor device.    Substrate (10)    Semiconductor stopper layer (11)    Nitride semiconductor layers (12-16)    Electrodes (17, 18)
NOVELTY - A catalyst powder (1) in an electrode comprises a catalytic substance (3) supported on a conductive powder (2). The catalytic substance comprises one or more catalyst(s). The weight ratio of the catalytic substance to the catalyst powder is 55-75 wt.%. The areal density of the catalytic substance is 1-3 mg/cm2.    USE - Used in a catalyst electrode in an electrochemical device, e.g. a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst powder provides enough reaction area. It has good output characteristics. It is smaller than that of the conventional powder. It reduces the amount of solid polymer electrolyte that functions as a binder. It lowers the internal resistance of the electrode and retains the voltage drop arising from the internal resistance, so that it is possible to increase the output of the electrochemical device. It reduces the amount of solvent use and lowers burden to the environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a catalyst electrode comprising catalyst powder and a solid polymer electrode; and    (2) an electrochemical device comprising the electrode, and an ionic conductor between the electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the catalyst powder.    Catalyst powder (1)    Conductive powder (2)    Catalytic substance (3)
NOVELTY - The porous film has gradient of light scattering strength with zero light scattering at front face and increasing towards back face of the film.    USE - For solar cell (claimed) used in electronic device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves the light scattering efficiency of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) use of porous film;    (2) electronic device;    (3) solar cell; and    (4) method of forming porous film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the porous film.
NOVELTY - A conductive film forming composition comprises a complex of an amine compound and a hydrogenated aluminum compound, and a titanium compound.    USE - Forming conductive films e.g. wiring or electrode (claimed) for electronic devices e.g. solar cell, semiconductor device or electronic display device.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive films are provided easily and inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for forming a conductive film by coating a substrate with the composition and subjecting the obtained coating film to heating and/or a light treatment to form a conductive film.
NOVELTY - A mixed oxide powder containing indium and tin has the following properties : (a) an indium content (calculated as In2O3) of 90-98 wt.%; (b) a BET surface area of 40-120 m2/g; (c) an aggregate form with an average circumference of below 500 nm; (d) only one cubic indium oxide phase in X-ray diffraction analysis; and (e) an oxygen content below that theoretically deriving from In2O3 and SnO2.    USE - The powder is used in the production of transparent, electrically-conductive lacquers and coatings, solar cells, UV absorbers and medical technology (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The powder has a higher electrical conductivity than prior-art powders and can be used to give highly transparent products resistant to yellowing or browning.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the powder by:    (i) particulating a mixed solution containing, in dissolved form, an indium compound and a tin compound optionally together with a dopant;    (ii) pyrolyzing the product in the first zone of a reactor;    (iii) mixing the pyrolyzed product with a reducing gas in a second zone to give a reducing atmosphere; and    (iv) separating the obtained solids from waste gas in a third zone also having a reducing atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows apparatus for production of the mixed oxide powder.    reaction zones (I - III)    solution containing indium and tin compounds (1)    oxygen containing gas, especially air (2)    combustion gas (3)    reducing gas (4)    waste gas (5)    powder product (6)
NOVELTY - Flexible thin layer solar cell comprises a transparent flexible protective layer/transparent conductive oxide/cadmium sulfide/adsorber layer with a chalcopyrite structure/metal electrode layer/flexible support.    USE - For converting solar radiation into energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has a simple structure.
NOVELTY - A polymer, an organic low molecular weight compound and/or an interflow moving component with inorganic material are mixed to fluid or polymer of blend of p-type and/or n-type conductive polymer, and solidified. A polymer device having layered structure containing polymer, organic low molecular weight compound and/or interflow moving component, each separated in layers by self-organization, is obtained.    USE - For manufacturing polymer device such as optoelectronic device e.g. polymer organic electroluminescent element, polymeric solar cell, polymeric battery, diode, organic transistor and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer device having layered structural material is efficiently manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for polymer device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of light-emitting polymer device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic film material contains photocatalyst-coated particle. The photocatalyst-coated particle comprises a photocatalyst particle coated by inorganic particle, inorganic material particle, and lithium particle adhered to the photocatalyst particle and/or the inorganic particle.    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic film for solar cell (both claimed) such as dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic film is manufactured economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell having a photovoltaic film (30) formed using the photovoltaic film material;    (2) manufacture of photovoltaic film material; and    (3) manufacture of photovoltaic film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal portion of the pigment sensitization-type solar cell.    Photovoltaic film (30)
NOVELTY - Catalyst comprises one or more kinds of catalyst metal, promoter metal, and a support. The catalyst metal and the promoter metal are loaded onto the support by adhering a multi-element metal colloid solution to the support. The colloid solution comprises a solvent, metal cluster particles, catalyst metal(s), protective agent for protecting the metal cluster particles and specific metal ion(s).    USE - For purifying exhaust gas of motor vehicle, and for use as fuel cell catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalyst has favorable grain growth suppression property and poisoning suppression property. It has excellent exhaust gas purification property. Further, the activity of the catalyst is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalyst comprises one or more kinds of catalyst metal, promoter metal comprising alkali earth metals, transition metals, rare earth metals, aluminum and/or gallium, and a support. The catalyst metal and the promoter metal are loaded onto the support by adhering a multi-element metal colloid solution to the support. The colloid solution comprises a solvent, metal cluster particles suspended in the solvent, one or more kinds of catalyst metal, protective agent for protecting the metal cluster particles and one or more kinds of metal ions. The metal ions are bonded to the protective agent. The solvent is water or mixture of water and organic solvent. The ions comprise alkaline earth metal, transition metal, rare earth metal, aluminum or gallium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the evaluation result of the nitrogen oxide occlusion characteristics of the catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The zinc oxide film (103) electrochemically deposited on electroconductive substrate (107), is heated at a temperature of 150-400degreesC, in nitrogen or inert gas atmosphere containing oxygen.    USE - For treating zinc oxide film in manufacture of photovoltaic device.    ADVANTAGE - Allows controlling the water content in zinc oxide film, thereby lowering the electric resistance of the film. Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for zinc oxide film treatment apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photovoltaic device.    substrates (101,107)    metal layer (102)    zinc oxide layer (103)    semiconductor layers (104-106)    collector electrode (108)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas is produced from a mixture having hydrogen gas by generating hydrogen gas in a reaction zone in the presence of other gas(es), liquids, or supercritical fluids, to form a mixture having hydrogen gas; and separating some of the hydrogen gas from the mixture in a separation zone having selective hydrogen permeability. The separated hydrogen gas is substantially pure.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas from a mixture having hydrogen gas, e.g. for use as fuel in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel method eliminates the need to separate the gas at low pressures, and subsequently compresses, transports, or stores high-pressure hydrogen between generation and separation. It provides a substantially pure hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a generation system for the generation of pure hydrogen gas comprising a source that generates a mixture of hydrogen gas and other gas, liquid, or supercritical fluid; and a separation mechanism having selectively hydrogen-permeable sieve that is contacted with mixture on its upstream side, to yield a pure hydrogen gas on its downstream side.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (100) comprises a pump, a first chamber, an electrode (102) for reduction of molecular oxygen accessible to the first chamber, and an electrode (104) for evolution of molecular oxygen. The pump is circulates flow of a fuel cell composition having a fuel within the chamber. The fuel cell composition can be coupled as a cell with the electrode for reduction of molecular oxygen and the electrode for evolution of molecular oxygen.    USE - For use in portable power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel and the oxidation products of the fuel can be circulated within the cell by the pump to maintain a more uniform concentration of fuel within the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a portable power generation system comprising a negative electrode (106), a positive electrode, an electroactive fuel, electrolyte, and a pump (108) comprising an expansion chamber within a pump chamber having a first check valve that permits flow into the pump chamber and a second check valve that permits flow out from the pump chamber; and    (B) a method for generating power with a portable self-contained power source comprising discharging the power source to convert a fuel into a reaction product in a first chamber in which the reaction product is deposited in a flowable electrolyte, circulating the electrolyte between the first chamber and a second chamber, and regenerating the fuel in the second chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell.    Fuel cell (100)    Electrode for reduction of molecular oxygen (102)    Electrode for evolution of molecular oxygen (104)    Negative electrode (106)    Pump (108)    Separators (116, 118)    Current collector (122)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen contained in mixed gas is transferred to an aromatic compound by hydrogenation reaction. The obtained hydrogenated aromatic compound is separated. Hydrogen is separated from the obtained hydrogenated aromatic compound using dehydrogenation catalyst. Thus, separation and purification of hydrogen is carried out. Also claimed for supply method of hydrogen.    USE - For separating and purifying hydrogen contained in mixed gas. Hydrogen is used for fuel cells used in motor vehicles, and for domestic usages.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen of high purity is effectively separated from mixed gas containing hydrogen. Efficient supply of hydrogen is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of separation-purification method of hydrogen contained in mixed gas, and storage-supply system of hydrogen. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen transfer process (1)    Partition process (2)    Storage (3)    Transportation process (4)    Hydrogen extraction process (5)    Transportation process (6)
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon is supplied from front-stage inlet portion (9) of catalyst bed (A). Catalyst bed has partial oxidation reaction catalyst (2) in front-stage, preliminary modification catalyst (3) in middle-stage, water-vapor modification catalyst (4) in later-stage, and burner (6) in later-stage exit portion (5). The mixture of oxygen-containing gas, hydrocarbon and water-vapor is heated and hydrocarbon is modified.    USE - For modifying hydrocarbon such as kerosene, into hydrogen gas used as fuel for electric power generation in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The modification method of hydrocarbon is efficient, and reduces the running cost of electric power generation in fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrocarbon containing hydrogen as a main component is supplied from a front-stage inlet portion (9) of a catalyst bed (A). The catalyst bed contains a partial oxidation reaction catalyst (2) at the front-stage, a preliminary modification catalyst (3) showing catalytic activity in low temperature, at the middle-stage, a water-vapor modification catalyst (4) excellent in heat resisting property, at the later-stage, and a burner (6) at the later-stage exit portion (5). The raw material mixture of oxygen-containing gas, hydrocarbon and water-vapor is heated with the burner, and a gas is produced. Thus, the hydrocarbon is modified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of catalyst bed.    Partial oxidation reaction catalyst (2)    Preliminary modification catalyst (3)    Water-vapor modification catalyst (4)    Later-stage exit portion (5)    Burner (6)    Front-stage inlet portion (9)    Catalyst bed (A)
NOVELTY - A fuel gas generator (10) has a pressure swing adsorption mechanism (24) connected to a modification mechanism (20), via a cooling mechanism (22). The modification mechanism generates reformed gas by carrying out oxidation and modification of mixture containing modification fuel having a hydrocarbon, water vapor and oxygen. The mechanism (24) removes discard from reformed gas produced from mechanism (20), and generates fuel gas.    USE - For generating hydrogen-rich fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel generator efficiently produces hydrogen-rich fuel gas, and is simple. The requirement of external heater is eliminated, and warming-up time of modification fuel is sharply reduced. The pressure swing adsorption mechanism is compact and effective, and the concentration of carbon monoxide is effectively decreased in fuel gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel cell system incorporated with fuel gas generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel gas generator (10)    Fuel cell system (12)    Modification mechanism (20)    Cooling mechanism (22)    Pressure swing adsorption mechanism (24)
NOVELTY - An electrode component (1) having an oxide semiconductor electrode material (6) capable of adsorbing pigment, at surface(s) of an electroconductive glass substrate is immersed in a basic solution (22). The electrode material is removed from the glass substrate (5).    USE - For removing oxide semiconductor electrode material used in pigment sensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The oxide semiconductor electrode material is easily removed from electroconductive glass substrate without corrosion. The pigment sensitization type solar cell is economically manufactured, and utilizes reduced amount of electric power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of process of removal of oxide semiconductor electrode material.    Electrode component (anode electrode) (1)    Transparent electroconductive glass substrate (5)    Oxide semiconductor electrode material (6)    Reaction container (21)    Basic solution (22)
NOVELTY - The apparatus (1) has a fuel cell (2) with a cathode (2c) which receives air from an air supply path (6) provided with an air purifier (10). The purifier comprises an electrostatic dust collector which collects dust from air by producing opposite electric charge with respect to the charge of the dust particles, and a catalyst which decomposes the organosilicon compound present in air, into silica.    USE - For supplying air to fuel cell mounted in electric vehicle, to produce electric power.    ADVANTAGE - Enables removing the fine dust and fine organosilicon compounds present in air, hence prevents the supply of air containing dust and silica to the cathode, hence prevents the reduction in the output of the fuel cell. Improves the energy efficiency of the fuel cell by charging the collection unit using the air flow. Enables removed coarse dust particles and silica using the filter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The dust collector consists of a friction unit having several protrusions provided in the air supply path, and an electrostatic dust collection unit which is electrically charged by the friction produced when contacting the friction unit. The dust collection unit is charged using the movement of air passed in the air supply path, as a power source. The collection unit is formed in the form of a filament which flutters due to the air flowing in the supply path. A filter is provided at the downstream side of the dust collector, in the air supply path. The catalyst is provided at the surface of the dust collection unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    apparatus (1)    fuel cell (2)    cathode (2c)    air supply path (6)    air purifier (10)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has an electrode element (9) provided between a positive electrode (7) with oxygen flow path (11), and a negative electrode (8) with fuel flow path (13). The pH value of the fuel supplied with respect to the positive electrode, is adjusted to be 7 or more, using buffer solution.    USE - Fuel cell such as methanol direct supply type fuel cell (DMFC), ethanol direct supply type fuel cell (DEFC).    ADVANTAGE - Since the pH of fuel with respect to positive electrode is adjusted to be 7 or more, the alkalinity of the fuel is improved. Prevents the reduction in electric-power generation efficiency, and the generation of unpleasant odor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Positive electrode (7)    Negative electrode (8)    Electrode element (9)    Oxygen flow path (11)    Fuel flow path (13)
NOVELTY - A fuel modification tank is supplied with fuel gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a fuel cell module. The exhaust gas generated during electric-power generation reaction in the tank and supply of oxidizing agent to the module are made to flow into an exhaust path. A vaporization tank vaporizes liquid fuel stored in a fuel tank, using the heat of the exhaust gas.    USE - For portable apparatus such as notebook computer, electric-power assisted bicycle, also for toilet.    ADVANTAGE - The need for a de-sulfurizing apparatus is eliminated, reducing the size of the fuel cell system. Enables utilization of the liquid fuel such as methanol in the fuel cell module.
NOVELTY - A rolling bearing is sealed with a grease composition containing a magnesium compound(s) or a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor as a rust preventive agent, perfluoro alkyl ether as a base oil, and polytetrafluoroethylene as a thickening agent.    USE - For pumping machine used for fuel cell system (both claimed) used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The rolling bearing has excellent heat resistance, rust proof, corrosion resistance, low volatile property and durability. The pumping machine comprising rolling bearing, has favorable stability, even when water vapor is penetrated. The fuel cell system stably generates electric power for long period of time, by using pumping machine.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) pumping machine comprising rolling bearing; and    (2) fuel cell system having pumping machine for conveying fluids, and a fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of needle bearing.    needle bearing (30)    outer-ring (31)    needle (32)    holder (33)    seal device (35)
NOVELTY - A protrusion consisting of several ridge lines, is formed in a sheet structure (C) to manufacture the silicon sheet.    USE - For manufacturing silicon sheet for solar cell (claimed) for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - High reliable silicon sheet is manufactured easily by simple technique.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) silicon sheet;    (2) solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective, top, sectional views of the silicon sheet.    Sheet structure (C)
NOVELTY - The current collection electrodes (12) have the plating layers (7) coated on the metal silicide layers (6).    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the contact resistance of high concentration n-type layer in the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of the solar cell during manufacturing process.    Silicon substrate (1)    High concentration n-type layer (2)    Metal silicide layer (6)    Plating layer (7)    Current collection electrode (12)
NOVELTY - An ionic electrolyte material contains alkali metal salt and/or alkaline earth metal salt having specific anion (I), and boron compound (II) including fluorinated aromatic group.    USE - Electrolyte for secondary battery (claimed), and as ion conductor material for electrochemical devices such as electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layer capacitor, solar cell and electrochromic display element.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic electrolyte material has excellent electrochemical property and ionic conductivity in high potential, and effectively restrains the reduction of electric capacitance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ionic electrolyte material contains alkali metal salt and/or alkaline earth metal salt having anion of formula (I), and boron compound of formula (II).    (Rf)3B (II) (II)    X = boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic or selenium;    M1, M2 = organic connection group;    Z1, Z2 = cyano group or fluorinated alkyl group;    Q = organic group;    a = 1 or more;    b-e = 0 or more; and    Rf = fluorinated aryl group or fluorinated phenoxy group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for secondary battery formed using the ion electrolyte material.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte film consists of a porous particle formed by supporting fullerene, and a matrix.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte film has excellent proton conductivity and provides fuel cell, which suppresses permeation of fuels such as hydrogen and methanol. The electrolyte film has excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous particle is zeolite powder, activated carbon, fibrous titanium oxide, fibrous carbon, fibrous silica, tubular-shaped titanium oxide, carbon nanotube and/or silica nanotube. The matrix is hydrolysis material matrix of organosilicon compound having proton conductivity.
NOVELTY - Particle dispersion type resin sheet (1) comprises epoxy resin (102) containing epoxy resin having dicyclo pentadiene type structure, and particle form light diffusion agent (101), which is uniformly dispersed in the sheet. The refractive index of light diffusion agent is different from the refractive index of epoxy resin.    USE - For substrate of image display device (claimed) e.g. liquid crystal display (LCD) and electroluminescent (EL) display and for solar cell substrate (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The particle dispersion type resin sheet has excellent strength, heat resistance and high light transmittance. The light diffusion agent contained in the sheet prevents the glare resulting from the backlight incorporating ambient light such as illumination light. Since the sheet has light diffusion function, the weight of liquid crystal cell is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) substrate for image display devices containing particle dispersion type resin sheet;    (b) image display device; and    (c) solar cell substrate containing particle dispersion type resin sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of resin sheet.    resin sheet (1)    light diffusion agent (101)    epoxy resin (102)
NOVELTY - The negative lateral-electrode boards and a positive lateral-electrode board are arranged in alignment within a case of an electrolytic cell (2). The interwoven metal fibers are densely packed in the space between the negative lateral-electrode boards. An ultrasonic vibration transmitter (36) is connected to base plate of the electrolytic cell, for giving vibration to water in electrolytic cell.    USE - Hydrogen gas generator for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables removing the oxygen gas bubble and hydrogen gas bubble efficiently and hence electrolysis efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A water supply apparatus (6) and an air compressor (38) are connected to the electrolytic cell. The unit electrode groups are provided for maintaining equal space between the negative lateral-electrode boards. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for assembling method of hydrogen gas generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of a hydrogen gas generator.    electrolytic cell (2)    water supply apparatus (6)    hydrogen gas feed pipe (14)    ultrasonic vibration transmitter (36)    air compressor (38)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell device comprises at least 2 fuel cells arranged so that anode layers of the fuel cells face one other with a predetermined space between anode layers. The space extends from a lower position to an upper position. A fuel supply unit supplies fuel into the space so that a flame is formed in the space in a direction in which the space extends.    USE - The device is used to generate electric power. It is for outdoor use, e.g. camping or for emergency use.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive device effectively uses heat of the flame to supply amount of air to the cathode layer. It generates electric power while heating the fuel cells by the flames on the anode layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell device comprises at least 2 fuel cells (10a, 10b), each has a solid-electrolyte layer having two surfaces, an anode layer formed on the first surface of the solid-electrolyte layer, and a cathode layer formed on the other surface of the solid-electrolyte layer. The fuel cells are arranged in so that the anode layer of one of the fuel cells faces the anode layer of the other adjacent fuel cell with a predetermined space (14) between them. The space extends from a lower position to an upper position. A fuel supply unit supplies fuel into the space at the lower position so that a flame (18) is formed in the space in a direction in which the space extends.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view illustrating fuel supplying unit supplying gaseous fuel to a fuel cell section.    Fuel cell section (10)    Fuel cells (10a, 10b)    Space (14)    Flames (18)
NOVELTY - A method of water-base casting technological preparation of the carbon material with advanced property, it belongs to the field of fuel cell, adopt intermediate phase carbon powder as raw materials, take short carbon fiber or graphite as the enhanced modified material, the solution of casting slurry adopts the mixture of the water and alcohol, through the water-base cast techniques prepare the carbon/carbon composite green compacts, press the multilayer casting green compacts to gain the laminating green compacts which have air interval channel, then through the high temperature sintering technique and the resin impregnation sealing of hole, finally get the bipolar plate of fuel cell of proton exchange membrane. This invention adopts firstly the casting forming technique to prepare the carbon/carbon composite bipolar plate.
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to a new type aromatic polysulfoether cyclic compound, its synthesizing method and application.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The invention provides its structure formula, and its synthesizing method is characterized by that it adopts aromatic compound and sulfur chloride, and makes them produce reaction for 2-24 hr. at 20-60 deg.C in the presence of Lewis acid under the condition of high dilution, and utilizes one-step reaction process to obtain the invented aromatic polysulfoether cyclic compound. The compound features quick ring-opening reaction, has no need of using any catalyst and can easily produce high molecular weight linear polymer, so that it can be used as adhesive material.
NOVELTY - An electric soluble-layer capacitor comprises positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte impregnating the electrodes. The electrodes contain a nonporous carbon as an electrode active material.    USE - As electric power storage devices which are charged and discharged e.g. electric vehicles, solar battery-assisted power supplies, and wind power-assisted power supplies.    ADVANTAGE - The capacitor has a wide range of operating temperature, large capacitance, high withstanding voltage, high energy density, low internal resistance and excellent power density. Unlike the activated carbon electrodes of the prior art capacitor, in the nonporous carbon, any interface forming an electric double layer does not substantially exist when the device or capacitor is assembled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electric soluble-layer capacitor comprises positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte impregnating the electrodes. The electrodes contain a nonporous carbon as an electrode active material. The nonporous carbon has well grown, multiple layers of graphene having an average inter-planar spacing d002 of 0.350 - 0.380 nm. The nonporous carbon is obtained by activating easily graphitizable carbon which is produced by calcining needle coke or pitch made infusible. The electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte having a planar molecular structure.
NOVELTY - A fuel supplying apparatus comprises a fuel and a polymer for controlling rate of fuel release.    USE - For a fuel cell, e.g. direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus does not require additional devices or tubes to control the fuel concentration and is capable of releasing fuel at an appropriate rate. It controls rate of fuel release via its material characteristics, and thus is capable of maintaining the fuel concentration to prevent the inappropriate fuel concentration from affecting operation performance. It is easy to carry and convenient for storing or adding the fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a methanol fuel cell using the inventive fuel supplying apparatus.
NOVELTY - Methanol (24) and air (34) is supplied to surface (I) (20) and surface (II) (30) of membrane electrode assembly (10), respectively. An electric current of polarity opposite to that of used in functioning direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), is drawn through assembly (10). Oxides of surface (I) are reduced, and membrane electrode assembly of DMFC is conditioned. Surfaces (I,II) are used as fuel cell anode and cathode, respectively.    USE - For conditioning membrane electrode assembly of direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method economically improves performance of direct methanol fuel cell by reducing the surface oxides present in the platinum-ruthenium electrocatalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the membrane electrode assembly.    membrane electrode assembly (10)    platinum-ruthenium electrode (surface(I)) (20)    methanol (24)    platinum electrode (surface (II)) (30)    air (34)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (200) is operated by activating a membrane electrode assembly (210) by: supplying reactants to the membrane electrode assembly; and selectively limiting amount of electrons collected from localized areas of the membrane electrode assembly surface.    USE - For operating a fuel cell useful for portable electronic products.    ADVANTAGE - Significant reduction in hot spot failures can be realized. The invention maintains the regulation latched until the temperature drops below a threshold, so that hot spots are eliminated from the active surface. It passively controls creation and growth of hot spots, while overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (200)    Membrane electrode assembly (210)    Electrolyte (220)    Non-linear positive temperature coefficient material (250)    Gas diffusion layer (260)
NOVELTY - Determining quality of a diffusion media for use in a fuel cell involves determining an external contact angle of a diffusion media based on repelling of a non-wetting liquid by the diffusion media; and comparing the external contact angle with a predetermined standard.    USE - The method is used for determining quality of diffusion media for use in fuel cell (e.g., such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell). It is useful in the manufacture of the diffusion media (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method can directly and quantitatively measure the liquid handling properties of diffusion media.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a diffusion media for use in a fuel cell, comprising testing a quality of the first material based on contact between a first material and a liquid; determining if the quality is acceptable; and if the quality is acceptable, applying a second material to the first material to form a diffusion media.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a membrane electrode assembly.
NOVELTY - Quality control of a diffusion media involves determining a material constant based on imbibing of complete wetting liquid, determining an internal contact angle or ratio of volumes of high energy pores to low energy pores based on imbibing of partial wetting liquid by the diffusion media and comparing them to empirical standard data.    USE - In fuel cell e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cell used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The techniques provide for quality control by measuring liquid handling properties of the diffusion media directly and quantitatively. The testing method facilitates diffusion media manufacturers to quantitatively measure the properties of the diffusion media that can be used to refine further processing steps. The material constant and/or contact angle can be used to aid in the application of micro-porous coating to determine required composition of solvent used to apply the micro-porous layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic of the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A three-dimensional carbon fibers comprises secondary carbon filaments (SCF) (2) grown on surface of primary carbon fibers (OCF) (1) without additional metal catalyst. The primary OCF has metal weight contact of less than 100 parts per million. The SCF is 100 nm-100mum thick, and 1mum-1cm long. The SCF are grown on OCF without the addition of metal catalyst.    USE - For use as adsorbents, catalyst supports, fuel cells, capacitors, medicine, refrigeration, and environmental controls.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has high surface area. It can be grown in simple and continuous process. It allows thickness and length of SCF and tertiary carbon filaments (TCF) (3) to be controlled by variation of the operational parameters, e.g. temperature, CG residence time, and presence of additives. It doe not produce any chemical changes in OCF. It can easily bind with metal, ceramic, glass and concrete matrices due to strong micro mechanical interaction. It allows OCF to be covered with protective carbon coating, thus preventing any possible damage to fiber during production of composite material, e.g. corrosive attack by ceramic and metal matrices.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a lateral cross sectional view of three-dimension carbon fiber.    OCF (1)    SCF (2)    TFC (3)
NOVELTY - A high performance liquid gasket composition is provided to improve the sealing property due to its hybrid structure comprising a spacer and rubber. By using the liquid gasket composition, the time and cost spent for producing a gasket can be reduced owing to reduction in the vulcanization period and elimination of the mold fabrication process, and the sealing can be semi-permanent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The high performance liquid gasket composition comprises, based on 100 pts.wt. of a butadiene rubber, 40-43 pts.wt. of carbon black, 0.5-0.8 pts.wt. of polyethylene glycol, 4-6 pts.wt. of a coupling agent, 0.7-1.2 pts.wt. of a peroxide type vulcanizing agent, 23-28 pts.wt. of paraffin-based oil and 2-5 pts.wt. of a dimension stabilizing agent. A gasket for a fuel cell is formed by applying the gasket composition to each of the upper and lower side of the spacer, in which the spacer is a polyester film having a thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm and the gasket composition is applied with a thickness of 0.15-2 mm and a width of 0.3-0.35 mm.
NOVELTY - A fuel oil composition contains specific amounts of olefin, aromatic component, benzene and sulfur. The composition has distillation amount (E70) at 70 degreesC of 23-40 vol.%, and 50% distillation temperature (T50) of 75-110 degreesC. The composition has rapid vapor pressure (RVP), research octane number (RON), density and vapor lock index (VLI) of 44-93 kPa, 89 or more, 0.67-0.78 g/cm3 and 900-1100, respectively.    USE - As fuel for motor vehicles and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The novel fuel oil composition has excellent performance and stability. The fuel oil provides excellent startability, anti-knocking property and acceleration property to motor vehicles. It does not produce toxic substances in the exhaust gas, and hence usage of the fuel oil is environmentally safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel oil composition contains olefin (in vol.%) (1 or less), aromatic component (20 or less), benzene (1 or less) and sulfur (5 ppm or less). The distillation amount (E70) of the composition at 70 degreesC, is 23-40 vol.%. The 50% distillation temperature (T50) of composition is 75-110 degreesC. The composition has rapid vapor pressure (RVP), research octane number (RON), density at 15 degreesC and vapor lock index (VLI) of 44-93 kPa, 89 or more, 0.67-0.78 g/cm3 and 900-1100, respectively.
NOVELTY - A filler is filled in the space formed in a cylindrical container (20) that accommodates several fuel cells (16). A supply nozzle (28) supplies composite fuel gas to one end of filled layer (26a) formed at one edge of container. Supplied fuel gas is fired, to heat fuel cells with flame. Supply nozzle is moved to make its ejection end to adjoin with end surface of filled layer, if fuel cells reach drive temperature.    USE - Fuel cell used at outdoors during disaster and at camp.    ADVANTAGE - Since the composite fuel gas that prevents carbonization of fuel is used, explosion of fuel gas is prevented. Also avoids requirement of special heat tracing units such as electric heater.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cathode layer (12)    Anode layer (14)    Fuel cells (16)    Cylindrical container (20)    Filled layers (26a,26b)    Supply nozzle (28)
NOVELTY - An auxiliary filter with an anion exchange resin to hydrate nitrogen trioxide (NO3) contained in the air supplied to a fuel, is arranged downstream of a filter with a photocatalyst/oxidation catalyst supported on an electrostatic filter or activated carbon filter, in an air supply path (6).    USE - Used for fuel cells, e.g. solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The supply of detrimental constituents such as dust, organic matter and nitrogen oxide to the cathode of a fuel cell is prevented and output reduction of the fuel cell and poisoning of the catalyst contained in the fuel cell are efficiently prevented, improving fuel cell capability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Anode (2b)    Cathode (2c)    Air supply path (6)    Air purifier (10)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a hydrogen occlusion tank (1), a hydrogen buffer tank (2) and a hydrogen-supply piping. The hydrogen occlusion tank is filled with a hydrogen occlusion material (5) capable of discharging and absorbing hydrogen. The hydrogen buffer tank stores hydrogen in gaseous phase. The hydrogen supply piping supplies hydrogen to cathode (31) of fuel cell stack (3).    USE - For motor vehicles and electric power transporting machine.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system has improved hydrogen supply capability even at low temperature and high load.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen occlusion material is activated carbon, carbon nano tube, graphite and graphite intercalation compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen occlusion tank (1)    hydrogen buffer tank (2)    fuel cell stack (3)    heat exchanger (4)    hydrogen occlusion material (5)    cathode (31)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen separating apparatus (1) is equipped with hydrogen separating membrane on a porous support, and gas-flow guiding component (5). The component (5) rectifies hydrogen-containing gas which flows along the hydrogen separating membrane. A gap between the component (5) and hydrogen separating membrane, which comprises inlet of hydrogen-containing gas, has larger gas flow than downstream portion.    USE - For separating hydrogen contained in reformed gas.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen separating apparatus effectively contacts hydrogen in reformed gas with hydrogen separating membrane, and permeates hydrogen uniformly. The hydrogen separating apparatus effectively suppresses hydrogen embrittlement, and has improved and stable hydrogen-permeability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the structure of hydrogen separating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separating apparatus (1)    Hydrogen separating component (2)    Flange (3)    Bellows (4)    Gas-flow guiding component (5)
NOVELTY - Silicon oxide film containing fluorine is formed at the surface of the substrate, by vapor phase epitaxy using the plasma generated by mixing the tetrafluoride silicon gas and monosilane silicon gas in a chamber. The sum total gas flow rate of the silicon oxide thin film is 50-1 % range of the ratio of flow amount of the tetrafluoride silicon gas and the silicon compound gas containing hydrogen.    USE - For production of insulating film used in manufacturing of semiconductor electronic device e.g. liquid crystal display and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon oxide film containing fluorine is produced without damaging the base material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline view of plasma vapor phase epitaxy apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    gas introduction mechanism (2)    electric power supply structure (3)    substrate holder (4)    bell jar (12)    substrate (40)
NOVELTY - The fine crystal thin film is manufactured using film formation chamber equipped with high frequency electrode (1) and ground electrode (2). The distance between the two electrodes satisfies a specific relationship that depends on the thickness of dark portion (7,8) and light emission portion (5,6) of high frequency electrode and ground electrode.    USE - Manufacturing fine crystal thin film used for thin film semiconductor device such as solar cell and thin film transistor.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the film formation speed and improves the quality of the formed film. Reduces the manufacturing cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the discharge structure of high frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus used for manufacturing fine crystal thin film.    High frequency electrode (1)    Ground electrode (2)    Substrate (3)    High frequency power supply (4)    Light emission portion (5,6)    Dark portion (7,8)
NOVELTY - The surface of a magnetic steel sheet (31) is polished by chemical mechanical polishing and annealed to obtain flat crystal surface. The oxide film on flat crystal surface is removed by heating. A nitride film (32) is grown on the flat surface, and an electronic circuit element (100) is formed on nitride film. A transparent substrate (102) is adhesively attached to the element, and the magnetic sheet is etched.    USE - Manufacturing thin film electronic circuit element (claimed) such as thin film transistor elements used for electronic circuit apparatus (claimed) e.g. LCD for portable computer and navigation apparatus attached to windshield of motor vehicle. Also applicable for manufacturing solar cell used as window of building.    ADVANTAGE - Enables single crystals thin film substrate or solar cell of large area by growing semiconductor thin film on flat surface of magnetic steel sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) thin film electronic circuit element; and    (2) electronic circuit apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the electronic circuit elements during its manufacture.    Magnetic steel sheet (31)    Nitride thin film (32)    Electronic circuit element (100)    Insulating transparent board (102)    Binding material (103)
NOVELTY - Ion electrolyte material contains alkali metal salt and/or an alkaline earth metal salt, boron compound and/or boron oxy compound.    USE - For secondary battery (claimed) such as lithium secondary battery and as material of ion conductor for electrochemical device, electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layer capacitor and solar cell electrochromic display element.    ADVANTAGE - The ion electrolyte material has excellent ionic conductivity and is electrochemically stable in high potential. The material has excellent electrochemical property, which prevents reduction of electrical capacitance, even after charging and discharging.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ion electrolyte material contains alkali metal salt and/or an alkaline-earth metal salt, boron compounds of formulae (Rf)3B (I) and/or (Rf)nBX3-n (II) and/or boron oxy compound of formula Y1-(B(Rf)-O)m-Y2 (III):    Rf = fluorinated-aryl group or fluorinated phenoxy group;    X = halogen atom, hydroxyl group or aliphatic alkoxy group;    n = 1-2;    Y1 and Y2 = organic group, optionally coupled together via direct bond, an oxygen atom, or boron atom; and    m = 1 or more.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for secondary battery, which is formed using the ion electrolyte material.
NOVELTY - Synthesis of fullerene derivative comprising adding modified anthracene to fullerene having an electron-withdrawing group at 2,3,6,7-position in of solvent, is new. The functional group of modified anthracene is coupled with the electron-withdrawing group of fullerene through a spacer mixed in the solvent.    USE - The method is useful for producing fullerene derivative useful as intermediate for producing pharmaceutical, photodynamic therapy agent and anti-AIDS drug. Also used for producing solar cell electrode, photo refractive polymer and electroluminescene material.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables to produce fullerene derivative easily and simply under moderated temperature with improved yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fullerene derivative, which is obtained by the above method.
NOVELTY - The reactors (31,32) have the respective main and sub reaction chambers (36,39) storing a selective oxidation catalyst. An auxiliary chamber (47) formed above the main chamber, has peripheral holes (49a) through which reformed gas is received from the main chamber. Air (48) for oxidation, fed to auxiliary chamber, is mixed with reformed gas, and fed to a chamber (51) formed above the sub chamber, through pipe (49).    USE - For performing selective oxidation reaction of hydrogen-rich reformed gas produced by fuel reformer, to remove carbon monoxide from reformed gas, before supply of reformed gas to fuel cell used in co-generation system or electric vehicle, to produce electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The need for a separate device for mixing the reformed gas and the air, is eliminated, hence reduces the size of the apparatus. Enables effective utilization of the inner space of the cylindrical apparatus. Enables efficiently removing carbon monoxide from the reformed gas, by the effect of the catalysts in the main and sub chambers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air is supplied to the auxiliary chamber, from the front-end side of the auxiliary chamber. A cooling unit cools the mixture of air and reformed gas. The main chamber has upper and lower perforated panels (34,35).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of the selective oxidation reaction apparatus.    reactors (31,32)    perforated panels (34,35)    main and sub reaction chambers (36,39)    auxiliary chamber (47)    air (48)    pipe (49)    holes (49a)    chamber (51)
NOVELTY - A filler dispersed-type resin sheet (1) has an epoxy resin layer (B) (104) laminated on both surfaces of an epoxy resin layer (A) (103). The layer (A) contains an epoxy resin (102) having a dicyclopentadiene-type structure, and filler (101). The layer (B) contains an epoxy resin and does not contain filler.    USE - For solar cell substrate and substrate of image display device (all claimed) such as liquid crystal cell substrate for liquid crystal display and electroluminescent display device.    ADVANTAGE - The filler dispersed-type resin sheet is lightweight and compact. The resin sheet has high light transmittance, low linear expansion coefficient, favorable dimensional stability and excellent intensity. The substrate has excellent workability, heat resisting property and intensity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) image display device substrate containing the filler dispersed-type resin sheet;    (2) image display device containing the substrate; and    (3) solar cell substrate containing the filler dispersed-type resin sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the resin sheet.    resin sheet (1)    filler (101)    epoxy resin (102)    filler-containing epoxy resin layer (103)    filler not-containing epoxy resin layer (104)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has semiconductor elements formed on a transparent substrate (101). The grooves (105, 106) are formed on the electrodes (102, 104) of the element, to separate the element. The electroconductive material (110) such as metal film, metal wire, metallic foil and electroconductive pate, is filled in the groove to serially connect the semiconductor elements.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides solar cell with high property, by simple process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining the solar cell manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (101)    Electrodes (102, 104)    Grooves (105, 106)    Electroconductive material (110)
NOVELTY - A four way valve (4) connects the refrigerant piping paths between compressor (3) and external heat exchanger (6), and fuel stack (9) and accumulator (2) respectively in cooling circuit. The four way valve guides the refrigerant from compressor to external heat exchanger during cooling driving and from the heat exchanger to the fuel stack after warm-up.    USE - For fuel cell used for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies the structure of the cooling device economically. Prevents the failure of the compressing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the cooling device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Accumulator (2)    Compressor (3)    Four way valve (4)    External heat exchanger (6)    Pressure reducer (7)    Fuel stack (9)
NOVELTY - A generator (2) is arranged in a main power station (1) to produce electric power using natural energy. The generated electric power is supplied to an electrolyzer (3) for electrolyzing water. The hydrogen generated during electrolysis, is supplied to a fuel cell (14) to generate electric power in a sub power station (10). The electric power is supplied to a charger (16), as a drive source of an electric vehicle.    USE - For supplying electric power to motor vehicle such as electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of pollution is reduced, by generating power using natural energy. The transfer of electric power between the main and sub power stations is eliminated, by converting the generated power into the hydrogen and therefore the need for long-distance power transmission line is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The generator is arranged in a uninhabited land and is selected from a solar cell, tidal generator, wind generator or geothermal generator. The hydrogen is supplied from the main power station to the sub power station, in the state of the hydrogen occlusion alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Main power station (1)    Generator (2)    Electrolyzer (3)    Power station (10)    Fuel cell (14)    Charger (16)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell electric-power-generation system has a decomposition device (1) for decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen storage tank (2) for storing hydrogen as a hydrogen-molecule compound, fuel cell (3), an unit for introducing generated hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank, and an unit for introducing hydrogen from the storage tank to the fuel cell.    USE - As fuel cell electric-power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell electric-power generation system enables storage of hydrogen and oxygen at normal pressure and temperature condition, and discharge of hydrogen and oxygen with reduced consumption of energy. The system enables efficient generation of electric power at reduced energy cost, and prevents generation of carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of the fuel cell electric-power-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Decomposition device (1)    Hydrogen storage tank (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Source of electrical energy (4)    Oxygen storage tank (5)
NOVELTY - The plate has a solar heat reflecting film comprising 2-70 mass% of pigments whose solar heat reflectance in 0.8-2.1mum wavelength range is at least10%, provided at solar radiation reception side of a metal substrate, so as to set solar heat reflectance of the plate surface at least20%.    USE - Plated metal plate for constructing metal roof.    ADVANTAGE - Light weight roof material, with high solar heat reflectivity is manufactured at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A plating film containing at least50% of aluminum is provided at other side of substrate. The contact angle of water with respect to solar radiation reception surface of the substrate is at most60degrees or at least90degrees.
NOVELTY - A solar cell includes a specific layer between a second electrode layer and a p-type semiconductor layer. The layer comprises zinc, magnesium, oxygen, and an element of calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, indium, and/or gallium.    USE - Used as e.g. a copper indium selenium (CIS) solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is manufactured at greater efficiency, and has increased overall electric conductivity efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell (1) comprises two electrode layers (12, 16), and a p-type semiconductor layer (13) between the two electrode layers. It generates a photoelectromotive force due to light that is incident from the second electrode layer side. It has a layer A (15) between the second electrode layer and the p-type semiconductor layer. The layer A comprises zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), and element M of calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), aluminum (Al), indium (In), and/or gallium (Ga).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the above solar cell forming the first electrode layer and the p-type semiconductor layer on a substrate (11), forming the layer A so that the p-type semiconductor layer is sandwiched between the layer A and the first electrode layer, and forming the second electrode layer so that the layer A is sandwiched between the two electrode layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a solar cell.    Solar cell (1)    Substrate (11)    First electrode layer (12)    P-type semiconductor layer (13)    Layer A (15)    Second electrode layer (16)
NOVELTY - High purity silicon with the purity of 99. 90-99.999 % used in solar batteries and its production. The method includes to melt the raw material-metallic silicon to silicon melt added by lime, ferric oxide, cand or lime cand, and by blowing into oxygen, chlorine gas, hydrogen with water and argon to solidificate the silicon melt directionally in a crystallizer finally.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a fuel gas supply unit and an oxidation gas supply unit for supplying fuel gas containing hydrogen and hydrocarbon type compound to anode (130) and oxidation gas to cathode (110), respectively. A catalyst is provided to perform heat-absorbing reaction using the hydrocarbon type compound.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The heat absorbing reaction using the hydrocarbon type compound enables to uniformly distribute the temperature of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for control method of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cathode (110)    Anode (130)
NOVELTY - A mixed catalyst layer (4) composed of steam reforming catalyst and oxidation catalyst and an oxygen-containing gas introduction tube (5), are arranged in a high-temperature reactor (6) of an inner cylinder (2) of double structured reformer. A heat transmission suppressor (50) is provided for suppressing heat transmission from reactor to joint (7) of inner cylinder or the gas introduction tube.    USE - For steam reformer for generating hydrogen-rich reformed gas used as fuel of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves thermal efficiency and reaction efficiency of high-temperature reactor, by efficiently suppressing thermal diffusion from reactor to surrounding areas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of steam reformer.    Inner cylinder (2)    Mixed catalyst layer (4)    Oxygen-containing gas introduction tube (5)    High-temperature reactor (6)    Joint (7)    Heat transmission suppressor (50)
NOVELTY - The substrate (5) supporting a catalyst is heated in a liquid methanol (2), to produce hydrogen gas (3). The methanol is used as a raw material.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen for fuel cell used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced efficiently, using compact and lightweight apparatus. The method requires small amount of energy, since the catalytic reaction rate of methanol is large.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (1)    liquid methanol (2)    produced hydrogen gas (3)    container (4)    substrate (5)
NOVELTY - An overcoat layer is formed on a catalyst layer provided on a catalyst structure. The catalyst structure is placed under conditions such that the expansion or shrinkage property of overcoat layer differs from the substrate. The catalyst layer is released from the substrate due to the difference in expansion or shrinkage property caused by the conditions, and recovered.    USE - Used for recovering catalyst and base material (both claimed). The catalyst is used in vehicle mounted exhaust gas purification and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is suitable for recovering catalyst in a simple method, and a high purity catalyst is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a catalyst, which is recovered by the above process;    (2) the recovery of a base material, which involves forming an overcoat layer on a catalyst layer formed on the surface(s) of a base material, curing the overcoat layer under specific conditions, peeling the catalyst layer from the base material by curing, and recovering the base material; and    (3) base material recovered by the above recovery process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart of the catalyst recovery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Fluid delivery device has valve for controlling fluid flow with flow channel connected to liquid chromatography column for analysis of fluid.    USE - For analysis of chemical substance or protein; in fuel cells (claimed); and as switch or flow sensor in miniaturized micro total analysis system or lab-on-a-chip for conducting chemical analysis or chemical synthesis on a chip.    ADVANTAGE - The device comprises a passive valve having a simple structure and also serves as a flow sensor as compared to that of conventional systems in which the provision of both the complicated flow sensor and the microvalve makes the system large. Several analyzing devices can be used by replacing the connected analyzing device with another analyzing device to be connected. The delivery time is reduced since the analyzing region is formed in the vicinity of the delivery device. The connecting portion is unnecessary, hence the sample plug hardly loses shape, to improve the reliability of analysis. The dead volume can be decreased, thus enabling small amounts of buffer solution and mobile phase.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fluid delivery device has valve for controlling fluid flow with flow channel connected to liquid chromatography column for analysis of fluid. The valve operates with pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides of the valve caused by the fluid flow through the flow channel, allowing the fluid to flow when the pressure difference is lower than a prescribed value (P0), and intercepting the fluid not to flow when the pressure difference is at least P0.
NOVELTY - The reforming apparatus (50) includes a heat insulating package containing reactors in the internal space. The reactors include a power generating fuel evaporator and a combustion fuel evaporator which are separated from each other by a heat insulating support, such that the reactors are separated from the inner wall of the heat insulating package.    USE - For generating hydrogen for fuel cell for use as power source for electronic equipment such as cellular phone, notebook personal computer, digital camera and personal digital assistant (PDA) as alternative to sources such as primary battery e.g. alkali dry cell, manganese dry cell, and secondary battery e.g. nickel cadmium battery, nickel hydrogen batteries and lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The heat losses of the reactors are reduced as the heat radiation outside the heat insulating package is suppressed and the size of the reforming apparatus is minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a fuel storage module and a power generating module.    power generating system (1)    fuel storage module (2)    power generating module (3)    reforming apparatus (50)    combustion fuel (98)
NOVELTY - The process involves forming strips (10) of uncoated base substrate with a catalyst support material. The catalyst is coated on the catalyst support material and strip is mounted in chamber of microreactor (100).    USE - Used for forming a mountable catalyst loaded strip used in microreactors (claimed) for hydrogen gas generation.    ADVANTAGE - The process reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide at lower temperature and allows for the construction of less expensive stainless steel by selecting appropriate catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) loading a catalyst into a chamber;    (2) a catalyst loaded strip;    (3) a catalyst loaded chamber; and    (4) a microreactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows an isometric view of a microreactor.    metal strip (10)    inlet (85)    chamber outlet (88)    cap screws (95)    microreactor (100)
NOVELTY - A wrought stainless steel alloy composition comprises (wt.%): chromium (12-25); nickel (8-25); niobium (0.05-1); manganese (0.05-10); carbon (0.02-0.15); nitrogen (0.02-0.5); and balance iron. The stainless steel alloy composition has capability of developing an engineered microstructure at 550degreesC or more. The microstructure comprises an austenite matrix having a dispersion of intra-granular niobium carbide precipitates.    USE - Used for thin-section applications, e.g. thin plates, sheets and foil used in heat exchangers, fuel cells, micro-turbines, high-temperature, ducting, hot-gas path connecting devices such as micro-turbines and fuel cells, combined heat and power applications, bellows, flexible connectors, various electronic applications and automotive applications.    ADVANTAGE - The article formed using the wrought stainless steel alloy composition has good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, creep strength and weldability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The wrought stainless steel alloy composition comprises (wt.%): chromium (12-25); nickel (8-25); niobium (0.05-1); manganese (0.05-10); carbon (0.02-0.15); nitrogen (0.02-0.5); and balance iron. The stainless steel alloy composition has the capability of developing an engineered microstructure at 550degreesC or more. The microstructure comprises an austenite matrix having a dispersion of intra-granular niobium carbide precipitates in the concentration range of 1010-1017 precipitates per cm3. The alloy composition further comprises molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, copper, aluminum, titanium, boron, vanadium, cobalt, yttrium, phosphorus, tantalum and hafnium, zirconium, cerium and/or lanthanum.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for article formed using the wrought stainless steel alloy composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The graph shows the oxidation testing results of foil of modified laboratory heaters of stainless steel.
NOVELTY - A metal hydride fuel storage apparatus comprises a metal hydride material contained within a cavity (2).    USE - The metal hydride fuel storage apparatus, e.g. cartridge (2) is used for fuel cells, e.g. microelectromechanical systems-based fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invented metal hydride fuel storage apparatus provides fuel storage capacity while optimizing the power needed to extract the hydrogen fuel from the cartridge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal hydride fuel storage apparatus comprises a first substrate having a cavity, resistive heaters, and electrically isolating heat conducting coatings; second substrate having an outlet comprising hydrogen permaselective membrane and a thick film porous material that forms a pressure relief structure and electrically isolating, heat conducting coatings; and a metal hydride material contained within the cavity. The second substrate is bonded to the first substrate forming a sealed volume within the cavity.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method comprising forming a first substrate having a cavity; positioning resistive heaters in the cavity; coating the cavity and the resistive heaters with materials that are capable of electrically isolating the resistive heaters and conducting heat; filling the cavity with a metal hydride material; forming a second substrate having an outlet having a hydrogen permaselective membrane and a thick film porous material that forms a pressure relief structure and electrically isolating, heat conducting coatings; and sealing the cavity by bonding the second substrate to the first substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a metal hydride fuel storage apparatus.    Cartridge (2)    Cavity (4)    Cap coating (10)    Outlet valve (16)    O-ring (24)
NOVELTY - A filter (124) has an aperture (127) provided in the hydrogen inlet port (16). An orifice (125) to which the flow of hydrogen supplied towards the connection chambers (84,116) is restricted, is mounted in the aperture.    USE - Solenoid valve for exhaust of hydrogen from fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The load provided to the diaphragm arranged in hydrogen circulation path is reduced, thereby preventing damage to the diaphragm and improving durability of the diaphragm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solenoid valve.    hydrogen inlet port (16)    connection chambers (84,116)    filter (124)    orifice (125)    aperture (127)
NOVELTY - The catalyst used for manufacturing hydrogen from dimethyl ether and water vapor, comprises a substance containing copper and an alkali.    USE - For obtaining hydrogen, which is used as energy source in domestic use and in fuel cell for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is obtained in high yield, while generation of carbon monoxide is restrained. The obtained hydrogen is clean and has no toxicity, hence is applicable in domestic usage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of hydrogen.
NOVELTY - The porous ceramic hollow fiber membrane group is inserted in the perforated plate (3) inserted in the bundle adhesion pipe (2). An inorganic heat insulating material layer (5) and a glass sealant (6), are provided on the inner surface and outer surface of perforated plate, respectively.    USE - Porous ceramic hollow fiber membrane module used in water treatment, and as modifier in fuel cell used for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the provision of glass sealant and heat insulating material layer, damages caused by sudden exposure to hot gas and rapid rise of temperature are effectively prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of porous ceramic hollow fiber membrane module.    module (1)    bundle adhesion pipe (2)    perforated plate (3)    heat insulating material layer (5)    glass sealant (6)
NOVELTY - A desulfurizer (1) has a pipeline (13) for supplying raw material, arranged at the periphery of desulfurizer. The desulfurizer de-sulfurizes a raw material in liquid phase. The raw material is pre-heated using the heat for desulfurizer heating.    USE - For desulfurizing (claimed) raw material such as kerosene used in fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizer has excellent energy efficiency, and is compact. The desulfurizer improves the use efficiency of desulfurizing agent, reduces the usage amount of desulfurizing agent, and does not require separate heating apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for desulfurizing method. The raw material is supplied from downward direction in the desulfurizer packed with a desulfurizing agent layer, and is de-sulfurized in up flow direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional side view of a desulfurizer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    desulfurizer (1)    main structure (11)    jacket (12)    pipeline for supplying raw material (13)    pre-heating line (13a)    heater (15)
NOVELTY - Polyether imide type-resin porous hollow fiber membrane is manufactured by carrying out dryness-and-moisture-type spinning of dope liquid. The dope liquid is obtained by adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone to polyether imide type resin which consists of 10-90 weight % of polyether imide resin and 90-10 weight % of polyether imide-siloxane block copolymers.    USE - As humidification film for fuel cells. (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fiber membrane has improved strength, flexibility, and characteristics which are effective in maintaining durability under hot water vapor saturated conditions for long period of time.
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion apparatus includes an insulator (3) comprising polyimide containing siloxane structure filled between the grain-shaped crystal semiconductors (2) arranged on a substrate (1). A semiconductor layer (4) having reverse conductivity with respect to the crystal semiconductors, is formed over the crystal semiconductors.    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures insulator with sufficient thickness on the substrate, hence prevents over-etching of the surroundings of the grain-shaped crystal semiconductor at the time of wet etching, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, manufacture margin and reliability of the photoelectric conversion apparatus easily and inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photoelectric conversion apparatus.    substrate (1)    crystal semiconductors (2)    insulator (3)    semiconductor layer (4)    electrode (5)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (1) has a catalyzed-combustion unit (4) which carries out catalyzed combustion of hydrogen, and a dehydrogenator which carries out dehydrogenation of a hydride. The exhaust gas of the combustion unit is supplied to the dehydrogenator, while one portion of the hydrogen manufactured by the dehydrogenator is supplied to the combustion unit.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen (claimed) for use in fuel cells used as electric-power-generation systems in motor vehicles, domestic electric power generating apparatuses, heat supply apparatuses, and other power sources.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus efficiently and rapidly manufactures hydrogen with a favorable thermal efficiency. The apparatus is compact. Since the hydride is heated by the exhaust-gas, the need for a heating fuel is eliminated. The hydride is heated immediately, and the start-up is carried out rapidly. The supply of oxygen to the dehydrogenator, and the generation of carbon monoxide within the dehydrogenation are prevented. The apparatus prevents poisoning of fuel cells, as the hydrocarbon mixed with hydrogen is absorb-removed. Hydrogen can be supplied to the combustion unit even during start-up. The temperature reduction of hydride is restrained, and the thermal efficiency of the apparatus is improved. The conveyance of raw material and handling of storage are easy. A large amount of hydrogen is efficiently obtained from a small amount of raw material. The catalyzed combustion of the hydrogen contained in the off gas emitted from the fuel cell is also carried out.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the structure of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (1)    Catalyzed-combustion unit (4)    Dehydrogenation catalyst (5)    Carbon-dioxide adsorber (10)    Heat exchanger (21)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (20) has a photoelectrode (10) having a transparent electrode (1) arranged on light-receiving surface (F2) of a semiconductor electrode (2). The semiconductor electrode and counter electrode (CE) are provided through a gel electrolyte (E). The surface or surface vicinity of the semiconductor electrode contains a polymer of number average molecular weight 1000-50000 containing specific repeating units.    USE - For pigment sensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The pigment sensitization type solar cell has excellent high temperature durability and photoelectric conversion efficiency for long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pigment sensitization type solar cell has a photoelectrode having a transparent electrode (1) adjoined and arranged on light-receiving surface (F2) of a semiconductor electrode (2). The semiconductor electrode and counter electrode (CE) are arranged opposing each other through a gel electrolyte (E). The surface or surface vicinity of the semiconductor electrode contains a polymer of number average molecular weight 1000-50000 containing repeating units of formula (1).    X = sulfur atom or NR3;    R3 = H or 1-12C optionally substituted alkyl group; and    R1, R2 = H, optionally substituted 1-12C alkyl group or optionally substituted 1-6C alkoxy group    R1, R2 and R3 are not hydrogen or optionally substituted 1-3C alkyl group at the same time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional drawing of the pigment sensitization type solar cell.    transparent electrode (1)    semiconductor electrode (2)    photoelectrode (10)    solar cell (20)    counter electrode (CE)    gel electrolyte (E)    light-receiving surface (F2)
NOVELTY - The valorization of the chemical energy of anode gas from a fuel cell (1) for the production of hydrogen consumed by the cell comprises the following stages: (a) preheating the anode gas leaving the anode compartment (3) of the cell by utilizing the surplus calorific energy of the hydrogen rich gas in the hydrogen generator (2); (b) raising the anode gas to an elevated temperature by oxidation of the residual combustible fractions; (c) extracting the calorific energy of the anode gas at elevated temperature in order to raise to appropriate temperatures at least a fraction of the heat necessary for the endothermic reactions of hydrogen generation and/or preheating the reagents entering the generator.    USE - For the valorization of the chemical energy of the anode gas from a fuel cell with applications for electric vehicles or the co-generation of heat and electricity in tertiary and residential applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows the valorization of the chemical energy of the anode gas from a fuel cell for the production of hydrogen consumed by the fuel cell. It is applicable for all types of fuel cell including proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel cells (SOFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) and to reactors for the production of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a system for the valorization of the chemical energy of the anode gas from a fuel cell for the production of hydrogen consumed by the cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates a system for the valorization of the energy in the anode gas for the generation of hydrogen in accordance with the invention. (Drawing includes some non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Hydrogen generator (2)    Anode compartment (3)    Heat exchangers (4, 6, 7)    Post combustion chamber (5)    Control system (8)
NOVELTY - Cooling system comprises heat exchanger (4), circulation system (3), fuel cell (2), and filter (5). The circulation system includes circulation pump (12) for circulating coolant. The coolant comprises water and glycol. The fuel cell is connected to circulation system to be cooled by coolant. The heat exchanger is connected to circulation system to radiate heat from coolant.    USE - For cooling fuel cell system used as energy power source.    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents degradation of coolant without any additives.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Cooling system comprises heat exchanger, circulation system, fuel cell, and filter. The circulation system includes circulation pump for circulating coolant. The coolant comprises water and glycol. The fuel cell is connected to circulation system to be cooled by coolant. The heat exchanger is connected to circulation system to radiate heat from coolant. The filter is connected to circulating system and removes oxidation reaction product of glycol from coolant. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for cooling fuel cell system comprising circulating coolant of water and glycol through fuel cell, heat exchanger, and degradation prevention mechanism; and removing oxidation reaction product of glycol from coolant by degradation prevention mechanisms.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the cooling system.    Fuel cell (2)    Circulation system (3)    Heat exchanger (4)    Filter (5)    Circulation pump (12)
NOVELTY - The production of a layer system including at least one metallic carrier and an anode functional layer comprises spraying a metal powder as a carrier layer onto a base, the application of an anode functional layer onto the carrier layer by thermal spraying, and removal of the layer system from the base.    USE - Used in the production of high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The base or intermediate layer on it can be dissolved or decomposed so that the carrier substrate and its layers can be easily separated from the base. The process enables all the layers of a high temperature fuel cell to be obtained exclusively by thermal injection.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for production of a high temperature full cell including an anode functional layer, an electrolyte layer on it, a cathode functional layer (CFL) on the electrolyte layer, and an extra layer on the CFL.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical device is formed by providing an electrolyte layer substrate and electrospraying a first polymer electrode layer onto a side(s) of the electrolyte layer.    USE - Formation of electrochemical device including batteries, electrolyzers, electrochemical reactors, electrolytic capacitors, organic solar cells, electrochromic displays, organic light emitting displays, and fuel cells e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cells for fuel cell powered vehicles and power generation facilities.    ADVANTAGE - The process improves the operation and performance of the electrochemical device. It allows control of material deposition so reducing material costs, particularly in the case of the catalyst layer, where the cost of platinum is a significant barrier to fuel cell cost competitiveness, as compared to other technologies. Adhesion between the component layers is excellent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic demonstrating a hydrogen-air polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A heat-curable fluoropolyether rubber composition comprises (in parts by weight) a straight-chain perfluoropolyether compound (100) having at least two alkenyl groups in a molecule; a reinforcing filler (1-100); and an organic peroxide (0.1-5).    USE - In a rubber article (e.g. a diaphragm, valve, O-ring, oil seal, gasket, packing, joint or face seal), which is use in automobiles, chemical plants, ink jet printers, semiconductor manufacturing lines, analytical or scientific instruments, medical equipment, aircraft or fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition avoids cure inhibition by catalyst poisons and has improved properties e.g. heat resistance, chemical resistance, solvent resistance, parting property, water repellency, oil repellency and low-temperature properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a rubber article comprising the curable fluoropolyether rubber composition.
NOVELTY - Production of fuel for fuel cell comprises reforming a hydrocarbon with steam in a cyclic reforming and regeneration process, comprising introducing the feed and steam through a first zone of a reactor containing bed packing material and reforming catalyst and passing the product through a second zone of the reactor containing bed packing material and transferring heat from the product to the packing material.    USE - For producing a fuel for a fuel cell, or for confined space applications, e.g. on board vehicle applications (e.g. passenger vehicles, trucks, or buses) for fuel cell powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is efficient in producing high partial pressures of hydrogen fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a fuel for a fuel cell, comprises reforming a hydrocarbon containing feed with steam in a cyclic reforming and regeneration process, comprising introducing the feed and steam through a first zone of a reactor containing bed packing material and reforming catalyst at a space velocity of at least 500 under reforming conditions, passing at least a portion of the product through a second zone of the reactor containing bed packing material and transferring heat from the product to the packing material, removing all the product from the second zone, the product comprising a reform product enriched in hydrogen, introducing an oxygen containing gas into the second zone and combusting the gas and a fuel in a region proximate to an interface between the two zones to produce heat and a combustion product and transferring heat of the combusting to the bed packing material of the first zone, and removing all of the combustion product from the first zone; and supplying the reform product from the removing step to a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagrammatic illustration of pressure swing reforming using a dual bed, valved system.    Beds (220, 230)    Valves (251, 254, 256, 259)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen separation apparatus (50) has a hydrogen separation component (53) selectively permeating hydrogen from one surface (I) to a second surface (II), a gas supply portion for supplying hydrogen-containing gas to the first surface (I), a gas passageway for conveying gas for conveying hydrogen, and a supply portion for supplying cathode off-gas from a cathode to the gas passageway. The supply portion vicinity has good heat resistance.    USE - Used for extracting hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing gas and supplying hydrogen to the anode of a fuel cell for generating electric power (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen separation apparatus has improved efficiency for extracting hydrogen from hydrogen-containing gas. Reduction of hydrogen permeability and deterioration of hydrogen separation component are suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen separation apparatus has a hydrogen separation component selectively permeating hydrogen from hydrogen-containing gas supplied from a first surface (I) to a second surface (II), a gas supply portion for supplying hydrogen-containing gas to the first surface (I), a gas passageway for conveying gas for conveying hydrogen permeated from the second surface (II) to the exterior of the hydrogen separation apparatus, and a supply portion for supplying cathode off-gas from a cathode to the gas passageway. The supply portion vicinity of the gas separation component has good heat resistance. The hydrogen separation apparatus extracts hydrogen from hydrogen-containing gas and supplies hydrogen to the anode of a fuel cell having a cathode supplied with oxygen for generating electric power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a hydrogen separation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen separation apparatus (50)    Reformed-gas flow path (51)    Purge-gas flow path (52)    Hydrogen separation component (53)
NOVELTY - A carbon content gas containing at least one type of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon, is blown into molten silicon. Silicon is thus purified.    USE - For purification of silicon used for manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Purification of silicon is carried out efficiently by improving removal speed of boron, and the method is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pure silicon manufactured by the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows critical sectional view of apparatus used for purification of silicon.    smelting furnace (1)    melting pot (2)    electromagnetic induction heating apparatus (3)    gas blowing pipe (4)    stirring portion (5)    gas blowing outlet (6)    gas passage way (7)    molten silicon (8)
NOVELTY - The high-temperature scavenging gas of specific amount, is circulated into a fuel reforming system based on the temperature of modification or carbon monoxide reduction catalyst, until reducing the catalyst temperature to a preset value. The low-temperature scavenging gas of amount more than circulation amount of high-temperature gas is circulated, when the catalyst temperature is reduced below a preset value.    USE - For use in fuel reforming system used for modifying hydrocarbon type fuel to hydrogen rich gas used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deterioration of the modification catalyst and carbon monoxide catalyst, by preventing rise in the temperature of the catalysts. The stop time of the fuel reforming system is shortened and therefore energy consumption between each stop mode is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A modifier (3) equipped with the modification catalyst, generates reformed gas from source gas containing hydrocarbon and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is reduced by the carbon monoxide catalyst in a shifter (5).The circulation amount of the high-temperature scavenging gas is reduced, so that the temperature of the modification catalyst is high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of a fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reforming system (1)    evaporator (2)    modifier (3)    heat exchanger (4)    shifter (5)
NOVELTY - The reformer comprises a cylindrical reforming pipe assembly (1) of double-pipe structure, arranged at the central portion of a combustion furnace. A reforming catalyst (2) filled in the outer pipe of the double-pipe structure, has lower end arranged near the flame produced by a burner (13) of the furnace. A carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (11) has the heat-transfer particles (12).    USE - For use with fuel cells used for electric power generation, to reform town gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), using steam, to produce hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and for use in hydrogen generator    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the size and weight of the reformer by arranging the pipe assembly at the central portion of the furnace. The heat of the combustion gas and the heat produced by the reforming process, is efficiently transferred to the reforming catalyst, by use of the heat-transfer particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    pipe assembly (1)    reforming catalyst (2)    carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (11)    heat-transfer particles (12)    burner (13)
NOVELTY - A carbon-dioxide processing apparatus (10) has a source (12) of non-fossil energy connected to a pulse power supply (14), and a reactor (16) which promotes the removal of carbon dioxide from air. The pulse power supply generates a high-voltage pulse by electric power supply from the source of non-fossil energy. A discharge is generated by the high-voltage pulse generated by the pulse power supply.    USE - In buildings and factories.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon-dioxide processing apparatus efficiently promotes reaction of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid, which eliminates a global warming issue. The apparatus is compact and economical. A solar cell, a wind force, a wave power, a tide, thermal energy conversion, a fuel cell, or geothermal energy can be used as the source of non-fossil energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for carbon-dioxide processing method which comprises supplying the high-voltage pulse generated by the pulse power supply to the reactor, generating a discharge in the reactor, and promoting removal of carbon dioxide from air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the carbon-dioxide processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon-dioxide processing apparatus (10)    source of non-fossil energy (12)    pulse power supply (14)    reactor (16)
NOVELTY - The n-i-p/p-i-n type micro silicon (Si) layers (33a-33c) or polycrystal Si are formed on a transparent electrically conductive film (32) provided at a glass substrate (31), in an atmosphere of gas containing hydrogen (H2) and cyanide (CN), to produce the electrodes (34,36). The electrodes are dipped in hydrogen cyanide (HCN) solution, to form a solar cell.    USE - For manufacturing silicon (Si) solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A high quality Si solar cell is manufactured with reduced defects and improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory views of the Si solar cell manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (31)    Transparent film (32)    Si layers (33a-33c)    Electrodes (34, 36)
NOVELTY - The mixture of binder resin having carbon (22) as structural atom and silicon particles (21) is molded to plate shape. Subsequently, the obtained molded product is baked below the melting temperature of silicon and solar cell substrate is obtained.    USE - Thin film solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell substrate having excellent heat resistance is efficiently and economically obtained. The obtained substrate has high durability, and favorable thermal expansion coefficient. The distortion of silicon active layer on the substrate is avoided, and silicon active layer of favorable crystal quality and large crystal grain diameter is formed at high speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of solar cell;    (2) substrate for solar cell; and    (3) solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of the state inside of the substrate.    Silicon particle (21)    Carbon (22)    Layer of silicon carbide (23)
NOVELTY - The solid electrolyte is obtained by coupling fragments of metal oxide-group solid electrolyte by discharge plasma crystallization without using a binder.    USE - Sensors such as fuel cell and carbon monoxide sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of stress, dimensional change by expansion and shrinkage and destruction are prevented and durability of solid electrolyte is improved. The solid electrolyte is highly stable with respect to humidity change and environmental change.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fragment is obtained by crushing glass-type solid electrolyte consisting of lead pentoxide and silica.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solid electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacturing process of solid electrolyte. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A transparent electroconductive laminated film has sequential lamination of a transparent conductive layer (1), a hard coat layer (2), a base layer (3), and a conductive layer (6). The layer (6) has an application layer (4) and a sputter layer (5). The layer (4) is formed by applying method, and the layer (5) is formed by sputtering method.    USE - For electroluminescent panel electrode, electrochromic element electrode, liquid crystal element, solar cell transparent electrode, transparent surface heat generator and transparent electrode such as touch panel, and as transparent electromagnetic wave shielding film.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electroconductive laminated film has excellent durability and adhesion, and is economical.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of the transparent electroconductive laminated film.    transparent conductive layer (1)    hard coat layer (2)    base layer (3)    application layer (4)    sputter layer (5)    conductive layer (6)
NOVELTY - Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of an amorphous silicon doped thin film is carried out using silicon-containing gas, halogen gas and doping gas. The optical band gap of the film is more than 1.75 eV.    USE - Used for manufacturing an amorphous silicon doped thin film used in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables the manufacture of a thin film by which optical absorption is suppressed and reduces adverse influence on the electrical property of the film by setting the band gap of the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph showing wavelength dependency of the absorption coefficient of the thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A solar cell module has an n-type semiconductor layer (4) formed on a p-type semiconductor layer (3), that comprises a trace element whose concentration gradient decreases w.r.t a p-type semiconductor layer side.    USE - Used during solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - A highly reliable solar cell module with improved efficiency is obtained, since leakage of electric current flowing into substrate through semiconductor layer is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module.    substrate (1)    insulating layer (2)    p-type semiconductor layer (3)    n-type semiconductor layer (4)
NOVELTY - The light reflected from the porous semiconductor layer (3) formed after anodization processing of the semiconductor substrate (2) is detected. The physical property of the porous semiconductor layer is inspected by performing calculation processing of the waveform of the reflected light by using computer (10).    USE - Forming porous semiconductor layer in manufacture of thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Allows determination of the physical property and also chemical composition of the porous semiconductor layer by non-destructive manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for porous semiconductor layer formation apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The block diagram shows the porous semiconductor layer formation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anodization tank (1)    Semiconductor substrate (2)    Porous semiconductor layer (3)    Detector (9)    Computer (10)
NOVELTY - A base material (10) laminated sequentially with a transparent electrically conductive film (7) and a semiconductor electrode film (8), is inserted into a titanium oxide precursor suspension. Film (8) is formed by titanium oxide microparticles aggregation. The titanium oxide microparticle is electrodeposited on titanium oxide precursor by electrophoresis of titanium oxide precursor, by modification of electrode film (8).    USE - For modification of semiconductor electrode film used as anode of pigment sensitization-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The modification method improves the electronic conductivity of the semiconductor electrode film of the base material. Since the space for supporting pigment for binding of titanium oxide microparticles and binding of semiconductor electrode film, and transparent electrically conductive film is maintained stably, the conversion efficiency of pigment sensitization-type solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The titanium oxide precursor suspension is a solution of titanium alkoxide polycondensate formed by hydrolyzing titanium alkoxide partially.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of anode.    Anode (2)    Transparent electrically conductive film (7)    Semiconductor electrode film (8)    Base material (10)
NOVELTY - An adhesive agent is formed by dispersing the particulate substance in non-hardened heat-resistant resin matrix. The particulate substance is removed by decomposition. The resin matrix is a mixture of thermosetting resin and/or photosensitive and thermoplastic resin. The resin matrix is hardened to form resin composite having pseudo uniform compatible structure, co-continuous structure or ball-shaped domain structure.    USE - For forming adhesive layer (claimed) on substrate like paper (such as filter paper), motor vehicle components (such as disc-brake piston, disc-brake component, clutch, fuel injection nozzle, oil-pump and gear), electric-electronic components (such as lead frame, printed wiring board for semiconductor mounting, connector, resistor, solar electrode and hard disk), industrial machine components (such as screw and bearing), and construction materials (such as phenol-resin impregnated core paper and decorative board).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive agent provides adhesive layer on various metal adherend and other industrial components. The toughness of resin matrix is improved without reducing its heat resistance, electrical insulation property and chemical stability. High precision wiring pattern is favorably formed on the substrate for printed wiring board.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for adhesive layer (2) that is formed on a substrate (1), by hardening the adhesive agent. The adhesive layer has rough surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of printed wiring board.    substrate (1)    adhesive layer (2)    resist (3)    conductors (4-10)
NOVELTY - The gas generator is designed to produce gases such as hydrogen or oxygen from solid reagents and fluid reagents. It comprises a reservoir (1) for a fluid reagent, a pump (2) and distribution circuit (3), and a movable barrel (4) with eight chambers to hold cartridges (5) of solid reagent, surmounted by an outlet manifold (6) for the product gas, connected via a non-return valve to a buffer reservoir (7).    USE - Generating gases from solid and fluid reagents for use e.g. in respirators, heat engines, fuel cells for producing electricity or for inert gases.    ADVANTAGE - The generator avoids the need to store combustible gases and the attendant risks.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas generator is designed to produce gases such as hydrogen or oxygen from solid reagents such as hydrides enclosed in fusible capsules of gelatin or other materials that do not deteriorate in air, and fluid reagents such as water. It consists of a reservoir (1) for a fluid reagent, a pump (2) and distribution circuit (3), and a movable barrel (4) with eight chambers to hold cartridges (5) of a solid reagent, surmounted by an outlet manifold (6) for the gas produced by the reaction, which is connected via a non-return valve to a buffer reservoir (7). The fluid reagent is injected into each cartridge in a series of bursts until all the solid reagent is used up.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagrammatic cross- section and plan view of the gas generator.    Liquid reagent reservoir (1)    Pump (2)    Distribution circuit (3)    Barrel (4)    Cartridge (5)    Outlet manifold (6)    Buffer reservoir (7)
NOVELTY - A coolant composition for cooling a fuel cell stack, comprises a base material, and a dye which maintains the electrical conductivity of the coolant at most 10 micro S/cm at 25 degrees C and passes through a cation or anion exchanger provided in the fuel cell stack.    USE - For cooling of fuel cell stack, particularly automobile fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The coolant composition has low electrical conductivity and self identification capability as well as capability to pass through a cation or anion exchanger.
NOVELTY - A solar module with a carrier-substrate (10), an arrangement of at least one solar cell (40) on the upper side (110) of the substrate carrier, the solar cell having a transparent synthetic plastic coating (50), a lower side (120) functioning as a cooling surface, with thermal coupling at a cooling body (130), where the carrier-substrate is a ceramic substrate coated with metal on both sides.    USE - The solar module is useful for the absorption of solar heat and light energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar module has improved thermal properties with thermal coupling to a cooling body which optimizes cooling efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an arrangement of a solar module as described above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the module.    Ceramic carrier-substrate (10)    Solar cells (40)    Synthetic plastic layer (50)    Electrical connection (60)    Upper side (110)    Lower side (120)    Cooling body (130)
NOVELTY - Low temperature fuel cell with an anode, cathode, and an electrolyte membrane between them, where the cathode has a diffusion layer with a catalyst layer on top of it, and the diffusion layer is directly adjacent to the electrolyte membrane.    USE - The low temperature fuel cell is useful in electrical energy production.    ADVANTAGE - The system avoids flooding in water production at the cathode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for obtaining the fuel cell as described above, where the protons produced at the anode side migrate through the electrolyte membrane and the diffusion layer to the catalyst layer, with passage of oxygen via the free cathode space to the catalyst layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of the fuel cell.    ion conducting electrolyte membrane (1)    electrically conductive diffusion layer (2a)    catalyst layer (2b)    free anode space (2c)    current take off (4)
NOVELTY - A CO selective oxidation catalyst on hydrogen-rich condition comprises porous ceramic, metal alloy cellular carrier or other plateau body as substrate to load noble metal oxide Al2O3 coating.    USE - For carbon monoxide selective oxidation under hydrogen-rich condition.    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalyst can promote the reaction of CO and O2 under low temperature and effectively prohibit methanation reaction. The cellular ceramic integral carrier is applied to large airspeed operation, the operating temperature range wide (120-200 degreesC), and the CO concentration reduced to below 50ppm, and even under 10ppm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The Al2O3 coating contains metal oxide as catalyst adjuvant and loads trace noble metal, the catalyst contains coating 40-150g/l, the adjuvant metal oxide is the two or above of CeO2, MgO, K2O, ZrO2 and La2O3, accounting for 5-30% of the coating weight, the noble metal is one or multiple of Rh, Pt, Ru and Au, accounting for 1.0-5.0% of the coating weight. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of preparing the above catalyst.
NOVELTY - Surface structure of monocrystalline silicon solar cell features that the surface of the cell body has turned pyramids and normal pyramid areas comprising several pyramids arranged alternately. The making process of the surface structure includes the following steps: growing 1000-3000 A thick oxide layer on the surface of silicon chip; photoetching the surface of the silica to form required turned pyramid windows; etching the silicon chip to form turned pyramids; removing residual silica; etching the silicon chip to form randomly normal pyramids in the planes between the turned pyramids. The present invention can lower extremely the reflectivity of the surface of solar cell and raise the short-circuit current of the cell, and the present invention may be used widely in industrial production of monocrystalline silicon solar cell.
NOVELTY - A photocatalytic reactor comprises a direct oxidation fuel cell including an anode and a cathode (4). The anode is a photocatalysis-assisted anode comprising a photocatalyst (1) on a surface of an electrically-conductive substrate and a light transmissive proton-conductive membrane (3). The photocatalyst is capable of promoting the oxidation of organic material and generating electron-hole pairs.    USE - For use in oil and gas producing industry, e.g. in operational use with hydrocyclone separators.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is energy efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) an electrical power source comprising modified direct oxidation fuel cells;    (b) a method of generating electrical power, comprising providing a fuel cell and a source of fuel for the cell, providing a photocatalytic surface at the anode of the cell, exposing the photocatalytic surface to light, supplying fuel to the anode for photocatalytic oxidation, and generating electrical power as a result of the photocatalytic oxidation of the fuel;    (c) a method of disposing an organic material-polluted fluid comprising application of the fluid in a fuel supply to a fuel cell contained in a photocatalytic reactor; and    (d) a method of preparing a photocatalytic catalyst for use in a photocatalytic reactor, comprising purification of a salt containing the active catalytic component, recovering the purified component, and heat treating the purified and recovered component at 100-450degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of the photocatalytic reactor fuel cell utilizing methanol as fuel.    Photocatalyst (1)    Proton-conductive membrane (3)    Cathode (4)    Fuel and oxidant supplies (6, 7)
NOVELTY - Depositing silicon on a substrate in a plasma chamber containing a reactive silicon-containing gas and hydrogen comprises continuously feeding the reactive silicon-containing gas into the chamber after starting the plasma and simultaneously removing the gas mixture from the chamber, and depositing homogeneous monocrystalline silicon on the substrate in the presence of hydrogen. The total gas flow fed into the plasma chamber does not exceed 10 (sccm.s/100 cm2.A), especially 6 (sccm.s/100 cm2.A), based on the surface of the substrate to be coated in relation to the deposition rate.    USE - Used in the production of absorber layers for solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Only small amounts of hydrogen are required.
NOVELTY - A solar device comprises a substrate; a multi-junction solar cell structure having at least a first, second and third sub-cells disposed over the substrate; a lateral conduction layer deposited over a portion of the multi-junction solar cell structure; and a bypass diode having a p-type, i-type and n-type layers, deposited over the lateral conduction layer.    USE - As a solar device.    ADVANTAGE - The invention enhances the efficiency and performance of the bypass diodes in the multi-junction solar cell structures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a solar device, comprising depositing a germanium (Ge) substrate (104); depositing a solar cell having junctions on the substrate; depositing a lateral conduction layer (113) on the solar cell; depositing a bypass diode (106) over the lateral conduction layer; etching a well between the bypass diode and the solar cell; and depositing a shunt between the substrate and the bypass diode through the well. One side of the shunt is connected to the substrate and another side of the shunt is connected to the lateral conduction layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an illustration of a multijunction solar cell with an integral bypass diode.    Ge substrate (104)    Junctions (105)    Bypass diode (106)    Metal contact (107)    Lateral conduction layer (113)
NOVELTY - Fuel feed pump (13) supplies methanol in a fuel cartridge (12) to a mixing tank (14). A cell stack (11) generates electromotive force by chemical reaction between aqueous methanol solution supplied to an anode and air supplied to a cathode. The air is discharged from a cathode is cooled to generate water such that the water from a cooler (15) is supplied to the mixing tank.    USE - For use as power supply to drive electronic devices e.g. notebook type personal computer, portable information terminal.    ADVANTAGE - Enables stable generation of electric power for long time, by the cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of direct-methanol-type fuel cell system.    cell stack (11)    fuel cartridge (12)    fuel feed pump (13)    mixing tank (14)    cooler (15)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (1) has electrode layer (11), solid-electrolyte layer (12) and ground-electrode layer (13) laminated on electrode support (10) having gas channels (16). Further, interconnector (14) is laminated on a portion of support. An intermediate layer (18) formed from nickel or its oxide is provided at joining surface of interconnector and layer (12) formed from solid solution containing zirconia or rare-earth element oxide.    USE - For cell stack (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved joining strength between solid-electrolyte layer and interconnector. The fuel cell prevents gas leak, and suppresses interfacial removal between rising and decreasing temperatures, while generating electric power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of the structure of the fuel cell.    fuel cell (1)    electrode support (10)    electrode layer (11)    solid-electrolyte layer (12)    ground-electrode layer (13)    interconnector (14)    gas channel (16)    intermediate layer (18)
NOVELTY - A catalytic reaction apparatus (1) has a gas-liquid separated layer (2), which separates liquid and gas in a fluid, and a catalyst layer (3), which performs a catalytic reaction along with heat generation using a reactive gas. Heat is exchanged between the catalyst layer and gas-liquid separated layer.    USE - Used for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic reaction apparatus has improved reaction efficiency. Fluid circulated inside the gas-liquid separated layer absorbs heat, by exchanging heat between catalyst layer and gas-liquid separated layer, and hence temperature rise of catalyst layer is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of the catalytic-reaction apparatus (carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus) (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalytic-reaction apparatus (carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus) (1)    gas-liquid separated layer (2)    catalyst layer (3)    supply portion (2a)    gas recovery portion (2b)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a fuel electrode and an oxidizing electrode to which fuel liquid comprising an alkali solution of metal hydrogen complex such as boron hydride complex, and oxygen-containing gas are supplied. A measurement device (74) measures the concentration of alkali component contained in exhaust gas ejected from the oxidizing electrode.    USE - Used for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Deterioration of the operation of the fuel cell system is prevented by removing the oxidizing electrode when the moisture content in the oxygen containing gas is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    air supply path (51)    exhaust gas path (52)    humidifier (63)    heater (64)    measurement device (74)
NOVELTY - The multiple board (1) is made using titanium alloy and thin titanium plate having thickness of 0.2-3 mm and molded by the super plastic processing method.    USE - Used for generating electric power by converting chemical energy into electric energy.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces mechanical damage with respect to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) so improves stability. Prevents expansion and ensures dimensional accuracy. Reduces the cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the reversible water-electrolysis fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Multiple board (1)    Gaseous diffusion structure (2)    Membrane electrode assembly (3)    Power supply board (8)    Electric board (9)
NOVELTY - The polymer particle dispersion contains a polymer particle and an ionic liquid.    USE - Used for pseudo solid electrolyte for battery (both claimed) such as pigment sensitization-type solar cell, lithium secondary battery and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer particle dispersion has excellent durability and electroconductivity and is eco-friendly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) pseudo solid electrolyte; and    (2) battery using the pseudo solid electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A water-splitting composite medium has fine powder of hydrogen-burning catalyst. The catalyst is dispersed and supported by the surface of the water-splitting medium.    USE - Hydrogen supply system for fuel cells (claimed) of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The water-splitting medium enables start-up in a short time. The hydrogen supply system is efficient and lightweight and has compact and simple structure. The start-ability and thermal efficiency of hydrogen supply system are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen supply system for fuel cells. The supply system has a reaction container filled with water-splitting composite medium and thermometry unit for measuring inside temperature of the container. The reaction container is heated by hydrogen burning reaction, which uses hydrogen and oxidizing agent gas as a raw material. The hydrogen supply system performs hydrogen production by water-splitting reaction, which uses water as raw material. The hydrogen burning reaction and water-splitting reaction are controlled by switching introduction of hydrogen and oxidizing agent gas into the reaction container, and introduction of water, based on the thermometry value measured by thermometry unit.
NOVELTY - A selective layer is provided over a protective layer formed on a substrate. A portion of the selective layer, is exposed and a transparent electrode layer (D), a photoelectric layer (E) and another electrode layer (F) are sequentially stacked over the selective layer. The exposed regions of the selective layer are etched.    USE - For manufacturing thin film solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides a solar cell having a high operating efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A selective layer is provided over a protective layer formed on a substrate. A portion of the selective layer, is exposed and a transparent electrode layer (D), a photoelectric layer (E) and another electrode layer (F) are sequentially stacked over the selective layer. The exposed regions of the selective layer are etched after arranging a support substrate over a resin layer arranged above electrode layer (F).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) thin film solar cell; and    (2) thin film solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the sectional views explaining the thin film solar cell manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (A)    protective layer (B)    selective layer (C)    transparent electrode (D)    photoelectric layer (E)    electrode layer (F)
NOVELTY - The electrode layer, photoelectric converting layer and electrode layer are stacked on a substrate. The ratio of hydrogen in silicon dihydride (SiH2) and silicon hydride (SiH) in the converting layer is 0.3 or less, and peak voltage is 300V or less during solar cell film formation by performing plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.    USE - Manufacturing thin film solar cell such as amorphous silicon/amorphous silicon germanium (a-Si/a-SiGe) tandem cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves manufacturing yield of the solar cell by increasing solar cell film forming speed. Improves efficiency of the soar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph of relationship between peak voltage and stabilizer efficiency. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The structure of a semiconductor element formed on a temporary substrate is cut and divided into independent blocks. The temporary substrate is peeled after adhering the independent block to a permanent substrate using adhesive agent.    USE - Manufacturing semiconductor element such as LED, semiconductor laser, optical measuring device and solar cell used in photoelectric element. Also for manufacturing transistor, unipolar element, bipolar element and microwave element used in electronic device. Also for ultrahigh density integrated circuit.    ADVANTAGE - Enables manufacture of the semiconductor element with improved quality by simple process. The yield is improved by raising stability in the manufacturing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The flow chart explains the semiconductor element manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A gas passageway (3), current collection layer (6), gaseous diffusion layer (8), reaction layer (I) and electrolyte film are formed on substrate (2). Another reaction layer (II) and substrate are formed over electrolyte film to obtain fuel cell. A reaction layer forming material is applied on substrate (2) and reaction layer (I) is formed, then passageway (3) and layer (8) are formed on at least one reaction layer (I,II).    USE - Manufacture of fuel cell used as electric power supply source of motor vehicle and electronic device (both claimed), such as mobile phone, notebook computer, portable information terminal, portable television, and electronic device having game function, data communication function, sound recording-and-reproducing function and dictionary function.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method provides highly safe and efficient fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas passageway (3), current collection layer (6), gaseous diffusion layer (8), reaction layer (I) and electrolyte film are formed on a substrate (2). Another reaction layer (II), gaseous diffusion layer, current collection layer and substrate with gas passageway are formed over the electrolyte film to obtain fuel cell. A reaction layer forming material is applied on the substrate (2) and the reaction layer (I) is formed, then gas passageway (3) for passing inert gas and gaseous diffusion layer (8) are formed on at least one reaction layer (I,II).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process of forming the reaction layer.    Substrate (2)    Gas passageway (3)    Current collection layer (6)    Gaseous diffusion layer (8)    Discharge apparatus (20f)
NOVELTY - The optical sheet comprises a transparent resin having elasticity of 0.05 Gpa or less at 100 degrees C, and a glass filler.    USE - As plastic substrate for display element or active matrix display element, (claimed), liquid crystal display element, organic electric luminescent display element, color filter, touch panel and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optical sheet has favorable linear expansion co-efficient, excellent optical characteristics, and high light transmittance.
NOVELTY - The gas sensor has a sensor element (11) enclosed by the inner and outer covers (12,13) with holes in bottom walls and side walls, respectively. A gas channel (22) provided at the side of inner and outer covers, directly connects inner space (24) formed between sensor element and inner cover, and external space (25).    USE - E.g. oxygen sensor, air-fuel ratio sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Provides sufficient amount of gas flow in the circumference of the sensor element, hence uniform gas detection property is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the gas sensor.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    sensor element (11)    inner cover (12)    outer cover (13)    gas channel (22)    inner space formed between sensor element and inner cover (24)    external space (25)
NOVELTY - A reverse-side protection sheet has heat-resistant coloring polyolefin-type resin film (3) laminated on surface of base film (1), and inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) and transparent or semitransparent polyolefin-type resin film (4) sequentially laminated on other surface of (1).    USE - For solar-cell modules (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reverse-side protection sheet has excellent heat resistance, water-vapor barrier property, oxygen barrier property, design property, durability, transparency and protection capability. The protection sheet provides solar-cell module having excellent strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind-pressure resistance, hail resistance, chemical resistance, damp-proofing property, stain resistance, light reflection property, light diffusion property, design property and safety. The solar cell module is manufactured economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reverse-side protection sheet has heat-resistant coloring polyolefin-type resin film (3) laminated on surface of base film (1), and inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) and transparent or semitransparent polyolefin-type resin film (4) sequentially laminated on other surface of (1). (3) Contains additive for coloring, ultraviolet (UV) absorber and light stabilizer. (4) Contains UV absorber and light stabilizer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar-cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the rough sectional drawing of the laminated reverse-side protection sheet.    base film (1)    inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    heat-resistant coloring polyolefin-type resin film (3)    heat-resistant transparent or semitransparent polyolefin-type resin film (4)
NOVELTY - The proton conduction material contains compound having polymerizable group, connection group and acidic group coupled with arylene group.    USE - For proton conduction film (claimed) for fuel cell, energy device, electrochemical sensor, domestic power supply and vehicle-mounted power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conduction material enables to form uniformly oriented film with excellent ionic conductivity at room temperature. The proton conduction film is manufactured with high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for proton conduction film.
NOVELTY - A direct current/direct current (DC-DC) converter between the solar cell and electrolysis cell, adjusts a low voltage to a steady value while converting output of a power supply to a low voltage and high electric current. The power is generated by the solar cell.    USE - For water electrolysis system, for electrolytic hydrogen generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since the solar cell has an optimal operating point independent of structure of the electrolysis system, and the error in the output is reduced, the efficiency of the novel electrolysis system is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above water electrolysis system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The acidic-gas absorption and removal agent (10) is obtained by kneading calcium sulfate (6), calcium hydroxide (7), activated carbon (8) and amorphous carbon (9). The kneaded material contains an oxygen defect property calcium material containing calcium (in weight parts) (2-60) and carbon (0.5-6) with respect to sulfur (1).    USE - For acidic-gas absorption processing apparatus for fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Durability of the acidic gas absorption and removal agent is increased. Acidic gases such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide are removed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) acidic-gas absorption processing apparatus; and    (2) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the acidic gas absorption and removal agent. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    calcium sulfate (6)    calcium hydroxide (7)    activated carbon (8)    amorphous carbon (9)    acidic gas absorption and removal agent (10)
NOVELTY - Producing nanotubes and/or nanofibers comprises catalytic decomposition of a feedstock on a catalyst. The catalyst is impregnated and dispersed within a porous matrix which is a fibrous matrix.    USE - For producing nanotubes and/or nanofibers for use in a composite material for a cloth, filter, reinforced fabric, heat spreader, packaging for electrical components, gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell, and an electromagnetic shield (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - When the catalyst is impregnated and dispersed within a fibrous matrix rather than being left on the surface, a more efficient deposition of nanofibers and/or nanotubes results. Dispersion within a fibrous matrix prevents agglomeration of the fine metal catalyst particles and leads to a greater effective amount of catalyst being present.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a composite material comprising a porous matrix which is a fibrous matrix and nanotubes/nanofibers grown within the porosity of the porous matrix.
NOVELTY - A solar cell module comprises a solar cell element (101); and a surface side covering material positioned on the light receiving face side of the solar cell element. The surface side covering comprises a filler (103, 105), nonwoven glass fiber member (102, 106), and surface protective film (104). The nonwoven glass fiber member is treated with a silane coupling agent.    USE - Used as power generation source.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module has improved exterior appearance, resistance to scratching, inflammability, weatherability, light resistance and heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing a solar cell module comprising laminating a solar cell element, nonwoven glass fiber member, a surface side filler member and a surface protective film to obtain a stacked body; and subjecting the stacked body to thermocompression treatment to obtain the solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a solar cell module.    Solar cell element (101)    Glass fiber member (102, 106)    Filler (103, 105)    Protective film (104)
NOVELTY - The novel alloy contains calcium, misch metal, nickel and semi-metal, and is represented by specific formula.    USE - For hydrogen storage.    ADVANTAGE - The stability of calcium-misch metal-nickel based alloy is improved without reducing its storage capacity. The alloy is capable of absorbing and desorbing hydrogen from gas phase at ambient temperature with a relative flat plateau pressure, and has storage capacity larger than 1.2 wt.%. Therefore, capacity loss of alloy is not observed even after 500 hydrogen absorption and desorption cycles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The novel calcium-misch metal-nickel based alloy of AB5 type is represented by formula:    (CaxM1-x)t(Ni1-yTy)5    where M is metal(s) chosen from misch metal (Mm), yttrium and other rare-earth metals, T is semi-metal(s) such as silicon, germanium and gallium, x is greater than 0 and at most 1, y is greater than 0 and at most 0.5, and t is 0.8-1.2.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for preparation of novel alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the curve showing the hydrogen storage capacity of alloy of formula ((Ca0.64Mm0.36)1.1Ni4.9Si0.1) as a function of pressure after 3 cycles and 250 cycles.
NOVELTY - A sealing agent (5) comprises a compound having a glycidyl structure, a compound having a cyclohexene oxide structure, a compound having a oxetane structure and/or a compound having a vinyl ether structure, and a cationic polymerization initiator.    USE - For optoelectric transducer such as pigment sensitization optoelectric transducer for solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The sealing agent has excellent adhesion strength, gas barrier property and moisture resistance. The sealing agent has excellent workability, and cures rapidly at low temperature by actinic ray or heat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer sealed by the sealing agent;    (2) solar cell comprising the optoelectric transducer or pigment sensitization optoelectric transducer; and    (3) manufacture of the optoelectric transducer, which involves oppositely arranging pair of electroconductive support (1) having counter electrode at preset interval, and providing a charge transferring layer (4) between the pair of electroconductive support using the sealing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal portion of cross-sectional view of the pigment sensitization optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electroconductive support (1)    Semiconductor electrodes (2,3)    Charge transferring layer (4)    Sealing agent (5)
NOVELTY - A direct type liquid fuel cell power generator comprises a first flow path plate (102) having a first flow path (101) that passes so as to come into contact with all anode electrodes of electromotive portion unit group without branching from an inlet to an outlet, and is formed so as to come into contact with an anode electrode of the electromotive portion units.    USE - Used as liquid fuel cell power generator.    ADVANTAGE - The direct type liquid fuel cell power generator obtains a stable output by improving a shape of a flow path of a flow path plate through which a flue flows.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A direct type liquid fuel cell power generator comprises an electromotive portion unit group of electromotive portion units formed by sandwiching an electrolyte film between an anode electrode including an anode catalyst layer and a cathode electrode including a cathode catalyst layer; a first flow path plate having formed in the plate, a first flow path which is disposed in abutment with the anode electrode of the electrode portion unit group and through which a fuel flows; and a second flow path plate having a second flow path which is disposed in abutment with the cathode electrode of the electrode portion unit group and through which an oxidizing agent flows. The first flow path passes so as to come into contact with all anode electrodes of the electromotive portion unit group without branching from an inlet to an outlet, and is formed so as to come into contact with an anode electrode of the electromotive portion units.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a view of a direct type methanol fuel cell power generator.    Flow path (101)    Path plate (102)    Fuel path plate (103)    Fuel flow path (104)    Supply post (105)
NOVELTY - A solar battery comprises a first electrode coupled to an insulating layer (1), a first n-type layer (3) coupled to the first electrode, a first p-type layer (4) coupled to the first n-type layer and comprising tellurium, a second n-type layer (5) coupled to the first p-type layer, and a second p-type layer (6) used as a second electrode.    USE - For use as power source for circuits and devices.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery has increased energy conversion efficiency from solar energy, and does not suffer from temperature effects.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for making a solar battery, comprising depositing a first n-type layer on the first electrode, depositing a first p-type layer on the first n-type layer, depositing a second n-type layer on the first p-type layer, and depositing a second p-type layer on the second n-type layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section of a solar battery by a compound semiconductor material.    Insulating layer (1)    First n-type layer (3)    First p-type layer (4)    Second n-type layer (5)    Second p-type layer (6)
NOVELTY - An electronic equipment comprises a fluid device using fluid including an additive; main body comprising an installation site for installation of the fluid device; and detection part to reserve leaked fluid to make the leaked fluid visible with the additive and disposed on the installation site where leakage of the fluid is detected.    USE - As electronic equipment, e.g. cellular phone, or notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The electronic equipment has a detection unit detecting fluid leakage from external fluid intrusion. In a case where the electronic equipment has a problem caused by abnormal high-temperature, it can be judged whether the problem comes from heat generation of the electronic equipment per se or external environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell unit comprising fuel cell main body; fuel tank supplying fuel including an additive to the fuel cell main body; casing housing the fuel cell main body and the fuel tank; and detection part(s) reserving leaked fuel configured to make the leaked fuel visible through the additive where leakage of the fuel is detected, the detection part being on the fuel cell main body, fuel tank, or casing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view of a leakage reserving structure for leakage detection.    Leakage reserving structure (7)    Grooves (9)    Sensor (15)    Electrodes (17)
NOVELTY - An insulating resin composition comprises: novolak epoxy resin having a biphenyl structure; carboxylic acid-modified acrylonitrile butadiene rubber particles; triazine ring-containing cresol novolak phenolic resin; phenolic hydroxyl group-containing phosphorus compound; and inorganic filler.    USE - Used for making multilayer wiring board (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition exhibits flame retardancy although it is free of a halogen, and that a cured film formed from the composition realizes such a large elongation that the film can endure stress concentration caused by a mechanical or thermal factor and a coefficient of thermal expansion equivalent to that of a structure containing a reinforcing material, such as glass cloth, and further exhibits excellent high frequency properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an insulating film comprising an insulating layer and a support, where the insulating layer is semi-curing an insulating resin composition on the surface of the support;    (B) a multilayer wiring board comprising at least one insulating layer, at least one inner layer circuit, at least one outer layer circuit and a substrate (2), where the insulating layer is obtained by curing an insulating layer of an insulating film; and    (C) production of a multilayer wiring board, comprising laminating an insulating film on an inner layer circuit on one side or both sides of a substrate; curing the insulating film to obtain an insulating layer; and forming an outer layer circuit on the surface of the insulating layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view for explaining the steps of producing a multilayer wiring board.    Conductor layer (1a)    Substrate (2)
NOVELTY - A fuel cartridge (10) comprises a free space portion and a filler insert (12) including an absorbent material capable of wicking fuel (20) by capillary action. The filler insert is in contact with the fuel at any orientation of the cartridge and at any fuel level.    USE - For direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cartridge possesses high storage capacity and does not require a pressurized source to transport the fuel to the proton exchange membrane (PEM).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of a fuel cartridge oriented in an arbitrary position.    Fuel cartridge (10)    Filler insert (12)    Disks (14)    Connecting column (16)    Fuel (20)    Outlet port (24)
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming system has heat conductivity of a catalyst support (12) of fuel modification unit (10) that is lower than the heat conductivity of the catalyst support (20) of a gas transformation unit (15). The gas transformation unit removes carbon monoxide from the reformed gas produced.    USE - For reforming of gas containing hydrogen gas as main component before supply to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the heat conductivity relationship, the heat transfer from the fuel modification unit is made easy. Therefore, the temperature of the fuel modification unit is raised gently. Shortens warming up time and prevents the catalyst deterioration of fuel modification unit. Reliability of the system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for starting method of fuel reforming system involves forming reformed gas using fuel and water in fuel modification unit. The heat transfer rate of fuel modification unit is made small compared with gas transformation unit. The warming up duration of fuel modification unit from the starting time of fuel reforming system is made equal with the warming up duration of the gas transformation unit by adjusting the heat transfer rate of the material in the fuel modification unit. The switching time to steady operation from start operation is judged when the temperature in any one of the fuel modification or gas transformation is more than preset warming up value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell containing the fuel reforming system.    Fuel reforming system (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Fuel modification unit (10)    Catalyst supports (12,20)    Gas transformation unit (15)
NOVELTY - A connection portion (5) connects one end of an inner flow path (3) and an outer flow path (4), by joining the ends of an extension piece (9) to the cylindrical wall of inner flow path and outer end of outer flow path. A modification catalyst (2) is provided in the inner flow path.    USE - For producing hydrogen rich reformed gas for fuel cell, water heater, stove.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal stress acting on the connection portion of inner and outer flow paths is reduced, hence damage of the connection portion is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inner and outer flow paths are sequentially formed at outer side of a combustion gas flow path (1) in a modification reaction tube (6). A combustion unit (7) is connected to the modification reaction tube through a metal bellow. The hydrogen rich reformed gas is produced by modification reaction of fuel gas and water vapor passing through inner and outer flow paths. A heat insulating material (15) is provided at the connection portion of combustion unit and modification reaction tube. A burner (13) is provided to burn the fuel and a combustion gas is supplied through the combustion gas flow path.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    combustion gas flow path (1)    inner flow path (3)    outer flow path (4)    connection portion (5)    modification reaction tube (6)    combustion unit (7)    extension piece (9)    burner (13)    heat insulating material (15)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas refiner has reaction containers (1,2), natural-water ingredient gas supply lines (11,12,22) and purified hydrogen gas discharge pipes (13,14,23). The gas supply lines and the discharge pipes are connected to the reaction containers. The containers are filled with an ion exchange resin supported with palladium.    USE - For removing oxygen and moisture content from natural-water ingredient gas such as hydrogen gas (claimed) used as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas containing oxygen and moisture content is economically purified with small and simple apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for purification of hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of refiner of hydrogen gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction containers (1,2)    Heater (3)    Natural-water ingredient gas supply lines (11,12,22)    Purified hydrogen gas discharge pipes (13,14,23)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen production and storage apparatus has a reaction container (10) containing a reaction catalyst (20), and a heat generation apparatus (30) in which portion of hydrogen, organic hydride, aromatic compound or its mixture is burnt. The apparatus (30) supplies reaction heat to the container (20). Dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction is performed in the container, to produce or store hydrogen.    USE - For producing and storing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen production and storage apparatus supplies reaction heat without utilizing electric heater, and is simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen production and storage apparatus has a reaction container (10) containing a reaction catalyst (20), and a heat generation apparatus (30) in which portion of hydrogen, organic hydride, aromatic compound or its mixture is burnt. The apparatus (30) supplies reaction heat to the container (20). Dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction is performed in the container, to produce or store hydrogen. The dehydrogenation of organic hydride and hydrogenation of aromatic compound are utilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen production and storage apparatus which supplies reaction heat by the hot air by a burner.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction catalyst (10)    Reaction container (20)    Heat generation apparatus (30)    Combustion burner (40)    Pipe (60)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) generates electricity by making a fuel containing hydrogen to react chemically with oxygen in air. The generated power is supplied to drive reader and printer (9) of the electronic blackboard device (1).    USE - Electronic blackboard device.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to move and install electronic blackboard device to a desired place, since installation of 100v power supply is avoided. Enhances versatility of blackboard device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of electronic blackboard device.    electronic blackboard device (1)    writing surface (7)    printer (9)    fuel cell (10)
NOVELTY - A guide (20) assists sliding of a solar cell module at both corner portions. A side surface of another solar cell module is inserted into the guide gap so that several solar cell modules are connected to each other at the time of the expanding the panel in planar shape. The modules are overlapped on each other during storage of the panel.    USE - Portable solar cell panel used in industry, house, factory, and also used as power supply during emergency situation and disaster.    ADVANTAGE - Since the connection and disconnection of the cell modules are performed easily, the panel is easily conveyed or stored.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the portable solar cell panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Guide (20)    Terminal portion (30)    Handle (50)    Solar cell (101)
NOVELTY - The liquid fuel direct supply fuel cell has a cell containing anode, cathode, electrolyte having polyelectrolyte of proton electroconductivity and an opening (2) for supplying oxidizing agent gas to the anode. A liquid fuel is supplied to the cathode. A porous water-repellent film (4) containing fluororesin is provided on the opening. The opening supplies oxygen of in-air.    USE - Power supply for small consumer and portable-type small electronic devices such as mobile telephone and computer.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell prevents leakage of produced water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell.    Inlet (1)    Opening (2)    Discharge port (3)    Water-repellent film (4)    Storage container (10)
NOVELTY - The jig (2) mounts substrate (1) on a bottom face supporting element (5) and between side face supporting element consisting of metal such as stainless steel. The supporting element consists of engineering plastic such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK).    USE - Mounting substrate such as solar battery element, during solder coating process and chemical process.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage of substrate while mounting on the jig. Eliminates the need for highly precise adjustment of attachment position of bottom face supporting element. Improves economical efficiency and productivity of the jig. Prevents crack generation at the time of solder coating process and reduces the cost of the jig.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar battery element.    Solar battery element (1)    Substrate mounting jig (2)    Side plate (3)    Bottom-face supporting element (5)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte film (1) consists of an ion exchange membrane containing a quinone compound.    USE - For membrane electrode joint component for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (claimed) and water electrolysis cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte film and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, have high durability. The solid polymer electrolyte film has excellent stability with respect to radical or peroxide produced by electric power generation, by dispersion mixing of the quinone compound with ion exchange resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) membrane electrode joint component for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, which consists of an anode provided with a catalyst layer which opposes via a solid polymer electrolyte film and the film, and containing a catalyst and ion exchange resin, and a cathode; and    (2) polymer electrolyte fuel cell containing the ion exchange resin and quinone compound in catalyst layer. The total amount of quinone compound is 0.01-20%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    solid polymer electrolyte film (1)    anode catalyst layer (2)    cathode catalyst layer (3)    separator (5)    film-electrode joint component (7)
NOVELTY - Benzo diimidazole compound (I) is new.    USE - For manufacturing benzo diimidazole unit-containing polymer for sensor, luminescent material, electroluminescent element, electric charge pouring material, charge transport material and charge transfer material of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The benzo diimidazole compound has favorable solubility in organic solvent. The polymer is able to form thin film easily with respect to transparent electrode substrate such as glass substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A benzo diimidazole compound of formula (I) is new.    R1-R4 = H or 1-22C hydrocarbon group optionally containing hetero atom such as sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen or silicon; and    X1,X2 = halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine and iodine, aryl group or H.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacture of benzo diimidazole compound of formula (III) which involves reacting 1,2,4,5-tetra amino benzene and carboxyl group-containing compound of formula RCHO or RCOOH; and    (2) polymer or oligomer of formula (VI), which contains benzo diimidazole unit and has weight average molecular weight of 1000000;    (3) manufacture of benzo diimidazole unit-containing polymer which involves reacting benzo diimidazole unit of formula (I) and compound of formula X3-Y-X4; and    (4) proton sensor which utilizes the change of ultraviolet absorption by the acidity of the polymer or oligomer.    R = R1;    Y = reaction residue of alkyl or aryl group having reactive group, or conjugation group, benzene ring, fluorene ring or their substituted derivatives;    m = 1 or more;    n = 0 or more;    m+n = 2 or more; and    X1-X4 = alkali metal, halogen such as chlorine, bromine and iodine, boron derivative, methine hydrogen, tin derivative, Grignard reagent (magnesium-halogen), lithium and other polymerizable groups.
NOVELTY - Chemoelectric generation of fuel cell involves supplying fuel to an anode (120) of the fuel cell, supplying oxidizer to a cathode (130) of the fuel cell, and intermittently providing reverse current charging to the fuel cell. The fuel cell includes an electrolyte (100).    USE - For chemoelectric generation of fuel cell (claimed) useful for producing electricity by converting chemical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The method is capable of providing reverse current charging to the fuel cell while supporting the load when the fuel cell operation is interrupted or during normal operation of the fuel cell recharges the energy storage element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method of pre-treating the fuel cell comprising supplying methanol to the anode, supplying oxidizer to the cathode, and intermittently providing reverse current charging to the fuel cell via a external power supply circuit;    (b) a method of restoring performance of the fuel cell;    (c) a method of operating a system having the fuel cell, the external power supply circuit connecting the anode and cathode, and an external load circuit connecting the anode and cathode;    (d) a system for operating the fuel cell comprising the fuel cell, the external power supply, two suppliers for supplying respective fuel to the anode and oxidizer to the cathode, and controller for providing reverse current charging to the fuel cell via the external power supply circuit;    (e) a system for pretreating the fuel cell; and    (f) a power system for converting fuel to electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure demonstrates the effect of pretreatment of the fuel cell using reverse current charging.    Electrolyte (100)    Anode (120)    Cathode (130)    Power processing circuitry (140)    Energy storage unit (150)
NOVELTY - Process for separation of a fraction of highly active catalyst particles from a mixture of different active catalyst particles by the steps: mixing of the catalyst mixture with a gas bubble forming agent, adsorption of the gas bubbles at least partially at the catalyst particles, and removal of a first fraction of the catalyst particles forced up to the surface from the solution.    USE - The process is useful in fuel cell technology.    ADVANTAGE - The process gives catalyst particles of different activity.
NOVELTY - A proton-conducting cation-exchange electrolyte membrane is made by depositing a catalyst layer directly onto a substrate (4) by passing reactants included in a carrier gas through an electrical discharge at atmospheric pressure. The substrate is a polymer membrane, a membrane formed of carbon cloth, or a membrane including carbon particles.    USE - For manufacturing a proton-conducting cation-exchange electrolyte membrane for use in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).    ADVANTAGE - The method can be carried out at low temperatures to enable a wide variety of polymers and catalysts to be used as materials for the MEA substrate, and yet is low in cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a concentric cylindrical-type nozzle apparatus used to implement the inventive manufacturing process.    Inlet (1)    Electrodes (2, 3)    Substrate (4)    Outlet (6)
NOVELTY - An efficient hydrogen production method (M1) using microorganisms, involves culturing a microorganism having a formate dehydrogenase gene and hydrogenase gene under aerobic conditions, culturing the obtained microbial cells under anaerobic conditions in a liquid culture medium containing a formic acid compound, and using the obtained cells for evolving hydrogen.    USE - (M1) is useful for hydrogen generation using microorganisms. The hydrogen generated by (M1) is useful as a fuel for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (M1) enables highly efficient generation of hydrogen, using microorganisms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An efficient hydrogen production method (M1) using microorganisms, or biotic hydrogen manufacturing method, involves (a) culturing a microorganism having a formate dehydrogenase gene and hydrogenase gene under aerobic conditions, culturing the obtained microbial cells under anaerobic conditions in a liquid culture medium containing a formic acid compound, till the microbial cell number increased two times or more, and using the obtained cells for evolving hydrogen, or (b) adding microbial cells obtained by (a) to a solution for hydrogen generation in a reduced state, supplying an organic substrate to the solution and generating hydrogen; or collecting microbial cells obtained by (a), adding the collected microbial cells to a solution for generating hydrogen in a reduced state, continuously supplying an organic substrate to the solution, and generating hydrogen.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) microorganisms having an efficient biotic hydrogen generating capability, for carrying out (M1); and    (2) use of hydrogen manufactured by (M1), as a fuel for fuel cells.
NOVELTY - A fluoroelastomer composition comprises vinylidene fluoride/perfluoromethyl vinyl ether/tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer (100 pbw), and liquid fluoroelastomer (10-50 pbw). The liquid fluoroelastomer has a viscosity of 500-3000 cPs at 100degreesC.    USE - For use as molding material for e.g. sealing members, sealing members requiring low-temperature characteristic of not more than -25degreesC in terms of TRIO value, fuel cell stack gaskets, and hard disc driving gaskets.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composition provides a cross-linked or vulcanized product having a hardness (Durometer A) of 20-50 according to JIS K-6253 corresponding to ASTM D2240 Durometer Type A, and a compression set of not greater than 50% according to JIS K-6262 corresponding to ASTM D395 Test Method B.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage material comprises stacked planar molecular layers (1); and a particle (2) that is inserted into the planar molecular layers to define an interlayer distance between the planar molecular layers.    USE - For hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen storage system for fuel cell vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material has sufficient storage capacity thus allowing a fuel cell to store hydrogen to attain a long-distance drive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing a hydrogen storage material comprising arranging a planar molecular layer material and a metal material at different places in a vacuum chamber, followed by sealing the chamber; and controlling the temperatures of the planar molecular layer material and the metal material to insert a metal atom constituting the metal material between planar molecular layers constituting the planar molecular layer material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a structure of a hydrogen storage material.    Planar molecular layers (1)    Particle (2)
NOVELTY - An apparatus for generating electricity comprises an anode electrode (a), a cathode electrode (b), and a proton exchange membrane (m). (m) Operates from room temperature to 170degreesC.    USE - For generating electricity (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The proton exchange membranes are less expensive and are capable of operating from room temperature to 170degreesC; have enhanced carbon monoxide tolerance, enables simplification of the entire fuel cell system. Improved cathode reaction kinetics enables the use of higher stack power densities and reduces heat exchanger requirements.
NOVELTY - A multilayer photovoltaic (solar) cell module comprises a backing layer containing a blend of an ethylene/acid copolymer ionomer dispersed in a continuous or co-continuous polyamide phase.    USE - Used to convert light energy into electrical energy useful for powering machinery, electrical equipment, and appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The invention reduces the problems encountered with laminate construction while maintaining good performance in performance areas for solar cell backings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for preparing a backing for a solar cell, comprising making a blown film or an extrusion cast film from a blend. The backing is obtained from a blend of an ethylene acid copolymer ionomer dispersed in a continuous or continuous polyamide phase.
NOVELTY - Fabricating optical concentrator by depositing anti-reflection coating on the outer surface of each spherical semiconductor (22), bonding each semiconductor into perforated aluminum foil (24) array to allow ohmic contact to be made to a first side of the p-n junction, removing anti-reflection coating and from a portion of each semiconductor, and exposing the core to allow ohmic contact to be made to a second side of the p-n junction.    USE - For photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides uniform deposition of metal oxide on the surface of the silicon spheres, thus providing thin layer of anti-reflection coating at the top of the silicon spheres and thick layer of anti-reflection coating on the underside of the silicon spheres. It does not require contact between each leg and n-type material of each mechanism. It provides reduces the light reflected from the mechanisms. It increases incident light on the silicon spheres resulting to increasing the output and efficiency of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fabricating optical concentrator comprises providing spherical semiconductors, depositing anti-reflection coating on the outer surface of each semiconductor, bonding each semiconductor into perforated aluminum foil array to allow ohmic contact to be made to a first side of the p-n junction, removing anti-reflection coating and from a portion of each semiconductor, and exposing the core to allow ohmic contact to be made to a second side of the p-n junction. The semiconductor has core and outer surface forming a p-n junction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the array of semiconductor.    Semiconductor (22)    Aluminum foil (24)
NOVELTY - An inorganic component is impregnated in the porous electroconductive support (33a) provided in the circumference of the gas exhaust port (34a).    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deterioration at the end face of electroconductive support due to exhaust gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (33)    Electroconductive support (33a)    Fuel lateral electrode (33b)    Solid electrode (33c)    Gas exhaust port (34a)
NOVELTY - Film-forming surface and non-film-forming surface of substrate (a1) of thin film semiconductor device are heated to predetermined temperature. A thin film is formed on the substrate under reduced pressure by sputtering method or vapor deposition method so as to form transparent electrode thin film.    USE - For forming transparent electrode thin film used for thin film solar cell and thin film semiconductor device (both claimed) and thin film transistor.    ADVANTAGE - Transparent electrode thin film of high quality with less resistivity of transparent electrode is effectively formed with high productivity. The substrate is uniformly heated, and heating time is reduced. The transparent electrode thin film improves solar cell property, and decreases series-resistance of solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate comprises resin film substrate or stainless steel film substrate.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for transparent electrode thin film forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline block diagram of the transparent electrode thin film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (a1)    Vacuum vessel (a2)    Particle generating source (a3)    Non-film-forming surface end element (h1)    Film-forming surface end element (h2)
NOVELTY - An earth shield (3) is provided so as to cover the lower and the side surfaces of a high frequency electrode (2). The reactive gas is ejected in an auxiliary flow path (16) formed in the gap between the high frequency electrode and the shield, due to the generation of plasma by application of a voltage between the high frequency electrode and a ground electrode.    USE - For forming thin film on semiconductor device such as thin film solar cell, thin film transistor (TFT) used in display device.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the adherence of powdered deposits in the gap between the high frequency electrode and the shield, and improves the quality of the film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) thin film forming apparatus; and    (2) cleaning method of thin film forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram explaining the flow of reactive gas in thin film formation method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    High frequency electrode (2)    Earth shield (3)    Heater (5)    Susceptor (6)    Substrate (7)    Auxiliary flow path (16)
NOVELTY - The electrodes (16,18) with functional layer (17) interposed between them are formed on a substrate (15). The functional layer is formed by mixing solutions (11,12) and solution (13) that disperses the microparticles (14) of organic material of solution (12).    USE - Manufacturing heterojunction element for solar cell, light emitting diode, diode, transistor and sensor used in electronic devices such as notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an inexpensive and useful heterojunction element to improve the conversion efficiency or luminous efficiency of the electronic device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for heterojunction element manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sections illustrating the steps involved in manufacturing heterojunction element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solutions (11,12,13)    Microparticles (14)    Substrate (15)    Electrodes (16,18)    Functional layer (17)
NOVELTY - A phosphorus silica glass (PSG) film (3) which contains oxide of n-type dopant, is formed on P-type silicon substrate (5) by plasma-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus. A silicon nitride film (2) is formed on the PSG film by same CVD apparatus. The silicon substrate is heated and the n-type dopant from PSG film is diffused to the silicon substrate.    USE - For manufacturing crystal system silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing cost and processing time of silicon solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a crystal system silicon solar cell.    Silver electrode (1)    Silicon nitride film (2)    PSG film (3)    P-type silicon substrate (5)    Aluminum electrode layer (7)
NOVELTY - The transparent electroconductive oxide composite comprises indium oxide crystal phase doped with tin, and oxide transparent electroconductive crystal phase, laminated uniformly or non-uniformly. The electroconductive crystal phase has higher carrier electron mobility than that of indium oxide crystal phase.    USE - As transparent electrode for solar cell and display devices (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electroconductive oxide composite has high permeability and low resistance. A large sized display device and solar cell of high conversion efficiency, is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxide transparent electroconductive crystal phase includes titanium, tungsten, molybdenum and germanium along with indium oxide.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell; and    (2) display device.
NOVELTY - A suction tube (21) is inserted into the plasma region (14) formed in plasma film forming device (1). The gas of the plasma region is induced into particle measuring device (20) by the suction tube, to measure the particles contained in the gas.    USE - For measuring particles contaminating wafer using plasma film forming apparatus (claimed) for manufacturing semiconductor device, flat panel display, solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables measuring particles contaminating substrate reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for plasma film forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a plasma film forming apparatus.    Plasma film forming device (1)    Plasma region (14)    Particle measuring device (20)    Suction tube (21)    Insulator (25)
NOVELTY - A combustion chamber (113) is connected to a diffusion rate-limitation hole (115) of predetermined pore size and supporting gas intake hole (117). A heater (141) heats the combustion chamber to generate hydrogen flame and hydrogen concentration arithmetic circuit (171) calculates the concentration of hydrogen in the tested gas based on the detected ion generation amount.    USE - Detecting the concentration of hydrogen gas contained in the fuel gas of fuel cell system used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures accurate detection of hydrogen concentration leaked from the piping of anode side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the gas measurement apparatus.    combustion chamber (113)    diffusion rate-limitation hole (115)    supporting gas intake hole (117)    heater (141)    hydrogen concentration arithmetic circuit (171)
NOVELTY - The plastic film electrode comprises a laminate of plastic film support (1) and electroconductive thin film (2). The electroconductive film comprises metal, metal oxide and/or electroconductive polymeric material. The surface of electroconductive thin film is covered with carbon thin film (3).    USE - Pigment sensitization-type photoelectric cell (claimed) used for crime prevention apparatus, audio apparatus, ventilation fan, light control apparatus and information technology apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric cell comprising plastic film electrode has outstanding electroconductivity, electrode activity, corrosion resistance and chemical resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photoelectric cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of plastic electrode.    Plastic film support (1)    Electroconductive thin film (2)    Carbon thin film (3)
NOVELTY - An anatase nanocrystal has anisotropy shaped particles having height of 20 nm and horizontal size of 500 nm or less, and c axis orientation.    USE - For ultraviolet blocking coating material, photoelectric conversion thin film, light induction super hydrophilic property thin film, photocatalyst and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The anatase nanocrystals having nano level thickness and c axial direction is easily manufactured at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of anatase nanocrystal, which involves using titania nanosheet bound to two dimension as an initial substance, peeling layered titanium oxide crystal to a nano level thickness, subsequently heating titanium using oxygen atom heat to convert into anatase particles having anisotropy shaped particles with height of 20 nm and horizontal size of 500 nm or less, and c axis orientation, and collecting obtained anatase nanocrystals; and    (2) manufacture of anatase nanocrystal thin film having c axis orientation, which involves forming anatase crystals, and adsorbing formed anatase crystals on a substrate in the shape of the triple layer film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the X-ray absorption near edge structure spectrum of titanium nanosheet. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Several unit cells are equipped with a solid-electrolyte membrane (114). Upper and lower electrodes (499, 497) are provided at either sides of the membrane. The upper electrode of unit cell and the lower electrode of the another unit cell are connected through a connector. The electrodes and the connector are integrated to form a single unit.    USE - Fuel cell for portable electronic devices such as mobile telephone, notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Provides size and weight reduced fuel cell and therefore manufacturing process is simplified. The output characteristic of the fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view of a fuel cell.    Base (110)    Catalyst layer (112)    Solid electrolyte membrane (114)    Upper and lower electrodes (489, 497)
NOVELTY - A free-standing, internally-supported, three-dimensional object is made by growing a diamond layer of uniform depth on a mold exposed surface with sub-set of intersecting facets, depositing a backing layer on portion(s) of the diamond layer, and removing the mold to expose the diamond layer surface grown immediately contiguous to the mold. The outer surface of the object has intersecting facets with diamond layer on at least a sub-set of facets.    USE - Used for making a free-standing, internally supported, three dimensional object used in, e.g. backward wave oscillators, bipolar plates for fuel cells, travelling wave tubes, microchannel plates and a multitude of other devices having a surface comprising intersecting facets.    ADVANTAGE - The process makes freestanding structures having an exposed diamond surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A further three INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the process described above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the invention.    Substrate (10)    Exposed surface (12)    Diamond layer (14)    Carbon atoms (16)    Backing layer (18)    Surface (20)
NOVELTY - Proposed fuel cell has case accommodating catalytically active liquid anode, catalytically active water-repelling gas-diffusion air cathode, and liquid alcohol-alkali mixture filling inner space of case to separate anode from cathode; water-repelling surface of cathode is facing air. Cathode surface facing alcohol-alkali mixture is coated with layer of polymer, such as polybenzimidazole, possessing OH- ion conductivity. Cathode catalyst is Fe, Ni, Co, Ru base non-platinum catalyst tolerant to alcohol. Alcohol-alkali mixture is mixture of 4M of KOH + 4M of alcohol; used as alcohol in alcohol-alkali mixture is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, or glycerin. Ni/Ru catalyst on highly dispersed carbon carrier can be used as anode catalyst, Ni/Ru being in the form of nanoparticles. Ni/Ru catalyst produced by thermochemical synthesis on carbon black, electrical precipitation, chemical method, or mechanical mixing can be also used as anode catalyst. Silver or pyrolized polymers of N4 complexes on carbon carrier can be used as cathode catalyst. The latter may be mixed up with polybenzimidazol.    USE - Air-alcohol fuel cells for mobile phones, notebooks, and the like.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced cost and enhanced stability of fuel cell characteristics.14 cl, 1 dwg
NOVELTY - The flat-plate type fuel cell stack has alternate lamination of flat plate type fuel cell (33), and separator (35) of electroconductive material. The fuel cell is formed by laminating fuel lateral electrode (33b), solid electrolyte (33c) and oxygen lateral electrode (33d) sequentially on plate-shaped support (33a) component. The support comprises iron group metal and/or its oxide, and rare earth elements oxide as main components.    USE - Flat-plate type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The flat-plate type fuel cell stack prevents generation of crack and peeling on surface of support component, and improves the electric power generation capability of fuel cell. The fuel cell stack further enables excellent reliability and durability to the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The rare earth element of support component is chosen from yttrium, lutetium, ytterbium, thulium, erbium, holmium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium and praseodymium.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for flat-plate type fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flat-plate type fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell (33)    Support component (33a)    Fuel lateral electrode (33b)    Solid electrolyte (33c)    Oxygen lateral electrode (33d)    Separator (35)
NOVELTY - The thin film contains beta-iron silicide crystal grain which consists of sea-island structure contains amorphous iron silicide as sea component and beta-iron silicide crystal grain as island component.    USE - For luminescent material (claimed) for device manufacture of near-infrared light emission-light receiving element and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film formed using the iron silicide crystal grain has light emission property, hence used as thin film type light-emitting device. The thin film is manufactured using inexpensive raw material, at room temperature without-requiring conventional multistep high temperature process. Reduction of structure and function of simultaneous precipitate of crystal phase are prevented. Integration of island-like beta-iron silicide on substrate is easily performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thin film contains beta-iron silicide (FeSi2) crystal grain which consists of sea-island structure contains amorphous iron silicide as sea component and beta-iron silicide crystal grain as island component. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) manufacture of thin film; and    (2) luminescent material.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storing and generating apparatus has unit for performing heating of metal-supported catalyst (15A) interposed between pair of electrode surfaces (16A). A hydrogenated derivative of aromatic compound and/or aromatic compound as raw material is introduced. Catalyst is heated at uniform temperature. Hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation of raw material is carried out, and storage and generation of hydrogen (35) is enabled.    USE - Storing and generating hydrogen used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus efficiently stores and generates hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen storing and generating apparatus has a heating unit for carrying out electric heating of metal-supported catalyst (15A) interposed between pair of electrode surfaces (16A). The catalyst support is supplied with electricity, and self-heated. A hydrogenation derivative of aromatic compound and/or aromatic compound as raw material (31) is introduced in at least one way. The catalyst is heated at approximately uniform temperature. Hydrogenation of aromatic compound and/or dehydrogenation of hydrogenation derivative of aromatic compound is carried out, and storage and generation of hydrogen (35) is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the reactor in apparatus for storing and generating hydrogen.    reactor (3A)    catalyst (15A)    electrode surface (16A)    piping (26,28)    raw material (31)    product (32)    hydrogen (35)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage-generator has heater which carries out high frequency induction heating of particle-form catalyst (15A) having conductive material on support by electromagnetic induction, and electrically insulates each particle. An aromatic compound is hydrogenated using metal-supported catalyst. The hydrogenated compound is dehydrogenated and hydrogen (35) is produced. The hydrogen generator produces and/or stores hydrogen.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage-generator efficiently stores and/or produces hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the reactor used in hydrogen storage-generator.    reactor (3A)    cylindrical chamber (14)    catalyst (15A)    loop coil (16)    hydrogen (35)
NOVELTY - The tubular-shape membrane reactor has a porous ceramic layer (I), porous ceramic layer (II), and a hydrogen permselective layer, in order. The layer (II) consists of oxide of metal (A) chosen from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and platinum, and oxide of metal (B) chosen from cerium, molybdenum, tin and tungsten.    USE - The tubular-shape membrane reactor is used e.g. for converting methane to hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane reactor maintains a favorable conversion ratio stably for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of tubular-shape membrane reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the reaction mechanism of the membrane reactor.
NOVELTY - A catalytic reactor (3) is formed by supporting a catalyst on honey-comb support (21a,22a). The honey-comb support has number of cells (21b,22b) in which to-be-reacted fluid is distributed. The number of cell per unit area in surface orthogonal to flow direction of the fluid, decreases towards peripheral portion (22) from center portion (21).    USE - As fuel reforming device, shift converter and carbon monoxide removing device in fuel cell, and as exhaust gas emission controlling device of internal combustion device.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic reactor has uniform distribution of fluid flow in the catalyst surface. Heat energy released by catalytic reaction in the peripheral portion is higher than the heat energy released in the center portion, and thermally radiated portion from the peripheral portion can be supplemented, and hence temperature inside the surface of catalyst is uniformly distributed. Temperature of catalyst in the catalyst reactor is easily controllable to optimal temperature required for catalytic reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of the catalytic reactor.    catalytic reactor (3)    center portion (21)    support (21a,22a)    cell (21b,22b)    peripheral portion (22)
NOVELTY - Water vapor is added to de-sulfurized hydrocarbon fuel. Water vapor modification reaction is performed to decompose the hydrocarbon fuel into several gases. The generated gas is subjected to shift-reaction process and carbon monoxide removal process, and converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Subsequently, carbon dioxide removal process is performed, to manufacture hydrogen from the hydrocarbon fuel.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen for fuel cells, from hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene, naphtha and gasoline.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen of high purity is efficiently and economically manufactured at favorable yield rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus, which has steam-reforming portion (1) for performing water vapor modification reaction after addition of water vapor to de-sulfurized hydrocarbon fuel, shift-reaction portion (4) provided with shift-reaction catalyst (6), carbon monoxide removal portion (7) provided with precious metal catalyst, and carbon dioxide removal portion (10) for removing carbon dioxide from generated gas by passing through a carbon dioxide separation membrane (14) after passage of the gas through the shift reaction portion and carbon monoxide removal portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    steam-reforming portion (1)    shift-reaction portion (4)    shift-reaction catalyst (6)    carbon monoxide removal portion (7)    carbon dioxide removal portion (10)    carbon dioxide separation membrane (14)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-containing gas manufacturing apparatus manufactures hydrogen-containing gas from specific raw material by steam reforming process. The steam reforming process is divided into low-temperature steam reforming process (I) and high-temperature steam reforming process (II). A device in which process (I) is performed, and carbon monoxide converter in the apparatus comprise externally heatable/coolable reactor.    USE - For fuel cell electric power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen-containing gas manufacturing apparatus suppresses reduction of activity of steam reforming catalyst, and does not require reservation of hydrogen gas or inert gas during startup/stop period. The apparatus manufactures hydrogen-containing gas from simple raw materials having favorable storage stability and easy transportability. The apparatus requires less time for startup and shutdown.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen-containing gas manufacturing apparatus manufactures hydrogen-containing gas from raw material comprising hydrocarbon such as naphtha and kerosene by steam reforming process. The steam reforming process is divided into low-temperature steam reforming process and high-temperature steam reforming process. The hydrogen-containing gas manufacturing apparatus is equipped with steam reforming device and carbon monoxide converter. The device in which low-temperature steam reforming process is performed, and the carbon monoxide converter comprise externally heatable/coolable reactor.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method of operating hydrogen-containing gas manufacturing apparatus. The gas circulation through air and combustion gas circulation are supplied to the system at the time of startup/stop, if required. The oxidation of catalyst is restrained by maintaining the catalyst layer at 200degreesC or less, preferably 120degreesC or less.
NOVELTY - An alkali solution of a metal hydrogen complex is poured into acidic water solution, as hydrogen generation agent, and reacted to generate hydrogen.    USE - For generation of hydrogen used for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - A stable and efficient method for generation of hydrogen, is provided without using a large scale apparatus. The method is safe and inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relationship between hydrogen generation rate and pouring speed of hydrogen generation agent, of the example. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generating agent consists of a hydrogen generation catalyst (6), and an aqueous solution of a hydrazine compound and/or its derivative(s). The catalyst is a metal having hydrogen generation catalytic ability, a hydrogen occlusion alloy and/or their fluorinated substances.    USE - As hydrogen source of fuel cell (claimed) used as motor-vehicle drive source, power supply for housing, portable devices and emergency-disaster use.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generating agent efficiently generates hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure, and is eco-friendly. The fuel cell having hydrogen as fuel source has high output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen generation method, which comprises dissolving hydrazine and/or its derivative(s) in water, and contacting hydrogen generation catalyst with the solution; and    (2) fuel cell (11). The fuel cell has hydrogen as fuel source, and air as oxygen source. Hydrogen is generated by contacting aqueous solution of hydrazine compound and/or its derivative(s), with hydrogen generation catalyst, and the generated hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen generation portion of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell, which uses hydrogen generating agent as fuel source. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen pole (1)    oxygen pole (2)    ionic-permeability diaphragm (3)    hydrogen generation catalyst (6)    fuel cell (11)
NOVELTY - An inorganic material consists of a complex oxide containing at least cerium and niobium. The inorganic material has highest peak height derived from niobium oxide by X-ray diffraction analysis and using CuK alpha ray, less than 1/10 of the highest peak height derived from cerium oxide.    USE - For carbon monoxide shift catalyst used for fuel modification-type hydrogen generation system (claimed) and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The inorganic material has excellent heat-resisting property. The shift catalyst utilizing the inorganic material, has high catalyst activity and excellent heat-resisting property, and has low methanation rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) honey-comb monolith consisting of the inorganic material;    (2) carbon monoxide shift catalyst used for shift reaction of carbon monoxide and water to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The catalyst has the inorganic material or the honey-comb monolith as a support;    (3) fuel modification-type hydrogen generation system with the shift catalyst, a fuel cell system or a fuel modification-type fuel cell electric vehicle; and    (4) manufacture of inorganic material. An organic thickener or starch is dispersed in aqueous solution containing a water-soluble cerium compound or its sol, and water-soluble niobium compound or its sol. The resulting material is baked after evaporation to dryness to obtain the inorganic material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system flow chart of fuel modification-type hydrogen generation system using the shift catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A low temperature fluid flowing in the flow-path layer (6) covering the reactor, absorbs the heat radiated from the reactor.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature in the flow path layer can be kept low sharply compared with the reactor temperature. Thus heat radiation loss to atmosphere can be sharply decreased. The heat recovered by the fluid in the flow path layer can be recirculated to the reactor for its reaction, thus improving the efficiency of the gasoline modification system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a structure of the gasoline modification device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    optical container (1)    catalyst layer (2)    heat insulation layer (5)    heat instruction layer (6)    flow path layer (6)    manifold (7,8)
NOVELTY - A modification catalyst is supported in the surface of the plates (21-23) which form a modification flow path (3). A combustion catalyst is supported on the surface of the plates forming a combustion flow paths (41,42). The heat absorption during modification reaction and the heat generation during combustion reaction are adjusted, by supporting the catalysts.    USE - For modifying hydrocarbon type fuels such as methanol, methane, gasoline, to generate hydrogen used in fuel cell for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The heat-absorption amount and heat generation amount for every area inside the fuel modifier are adjusted and thereby temperature rise inside the modifier is suppressed. Enables utilization of the heat generated during combustion for modification reaction. The durability of the fuel modifier is enhanced, by suppressing temperature rise inside the modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The supporting area of the combustion catalyst in the lower gas combustion region is set smaller than the supporting area of the combustion catalyst in the upper gas combustion region. The load of the combustion catalyst in the lower gas combustion region is set smaller than the load of the combustion catalyst in the upper gas combustion region.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    laminated plate (2)    plates (21-23)    modification flow path (3)    combustion flow paths (41,42)
NOVELTY - A portion of a pore is branched in self-organization, while forming several hollows (12) sequentially on a substrate (11). A non-branching hollow that is not branched in the depth direction of a hollow is removed.    USE - Used for manufacturing a nano structure (claimed) for stampers (claimed), magnetic recording medium (claimed), magnetic sensors, electroluminescent light emitting elements, electrochromic elements, optical elements, solar cells, semiconductor devices and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The nano structure can be manufacture simply and minutely, by utilizing the pore which is branched in self-organization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a nano structure;    (2) a stamper; and    (3) a magnetic recording medium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a hollow model of the substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (11)    hollows (12)    short interval (13)    long interval (14)
NOVELTY - The titanium oxide particle is obtained by heating titanium oxide sol which is formed by hydrolysis of ortho titanic acid ester in the presence of tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide, in a pressure vessel. Hydrolysis of ortho titanic acid ester is performed at 200 degrees C or more for 10 hours or more.    USE - For pigment sensitization optoelectric transducer for solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The titanium oxide particle provides optoelectric transducer having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. The titanium oxide particle has excellent light scattering property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) pigment sensitization optoelectric transducer containing titanium oxide particle; and    (2) solar cell using the pigment sensitization optoelectric transducer.
NOVELTY - The mold used for producing a board-shaped product, consists of the lower and upper mold blocks (10,20). A protruding unit (4) for forming a through-hole in the product, is provided in the product formation portion (21) of the upper block, and in the product formation portion (11) of the lower block, such that, the protruding units in the upper and lower blocks are separated by a small gap, during mold clamping.    USE - For producing board-shaped product used in electrical/electronics field, semiconductors, fuel cells, precision components, and transporting devices, using molding material comprising electroconductive powder.    ADVANTAGE - Even when the electroconductive powder having poor fluidity is used, enables easily producing the board-shaped product having the through-hole, by arranging the protruding unit in the product formation portion of the upper block, or in the product formation portion of the lower block.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the metal mold.    protruding unit (4)    lower and upper mold blocks (10,20)    product formation portion (11,21)
NOVELTY - The flux for preprocessing solder coating of baked silver electrode contains a resin, an organic solvent, and a stabilizer of resin as an arbitrary component. The flux does not substantially contain an activator for washing the surface of a baked silver electrode (5,6).    USE - For pre-processing solder coating of baked silver electrode of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The flux enables to form baked silver electrode having excellent solder wettability and moisture resistance. The solar cell using flux, has high reliability, and cell property. The flux prevents the corrosion and poor soldering of the electrode, by performing simple washing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar cell manufactured using the flux.    P-type silicon substrate (1)    N-type diffused layer (2)    Baked silver electrodes (5,6)    Solder films (7,8)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte film consists of a polyimide non-woven fabric as base material and a proton conductive resin filled in pores of the base material.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte film is excellent in dimensional stability under high temperature, mechanical strength, heat resistance and oxidation resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph shows oxidation resistant evaluation result of electrolyte film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises a metal from group VIII of the periodic system placed on the surface of a carrier comprising aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide.    USE - The catalyst is used for producing hydrogen by conversion of organic compounds in water by passing the organic compounds in water through a catalyst (claimed). The hydrogen is used as fuels in fuel cells to drive on aqueous organic solutions or suspensions of e.g. sugar, flour or sludge from sewage industrial plant.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst achieves high conversion and high yield hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a plant for production of hydrogen from organic matter (1) optionally including noxious compounds in water comprising a unit with a catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plant.    Organic matter (1)    Heater (3)    heater (4)    Heat exchanger (7)    Separator (11)
NOVELTY - A dimethyl ether steam-reforming catalyst comprises active alumina, copper and manganese, iron and optionally zinc. The catalyst is prepared by a sol-gel method. It has a porous structure.    USE - For steam-reforming dimethyl ether to obtain hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention achieves excellent reforming ability even at lower temperatures, e.g. 200-275 degrees C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing a dimethyl ether steam-reforming catalyst by adding an acid, a copper salt and manganese, iron and/or zinc salts to an aluminum alkoxide to produce a sol; drying the resulting sol by evaporation to produce a gel; calcining the resulting gel to obtain a solid; and reducing the resulting solid.
NOVELTY - Electronic device comprises substrate having surface, electrode array, and layer(s) of discotic liquid crystalline material(s). The material(s) forms columns with longitudinal axis. The layer(s) is/are arranged on the substrate surface so the longitudinal axes of the columns are parallel to the surface. The layer(s) is/are also arranged so parts of the electrode array are connected to each other through the columns in a conductive manner. The conduction occurs along the longitudinal axes of the columns. The electrode array is arranged on the surface of the substrate so that parts of the electrode array are arranged in an interdigitating and/or meandering and/or parallel fashion.    USE - Used as solar cell, FET, sensor and/or light emitting diode (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electronic device is simple to fabricate, showing high-energy conversion efficiency and good conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fabricating an electronic device comprising providing a substrate having a surface, depositing layer(s) of a discotic liquid crystalline material on the surface, depositing an electrode array on the surface so that parts of the electrode array are arranged in an interdigitating, meandering and/or parallel fashion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an interdigitating structure.
NOVELTY - A layer system comprises a chromium-free gas-tight spinel layer arranged between a first layer made from a chromium oxide-forming substrate with an alloying additive and a second layer comprising a spinel-forming element.    USE - Used for inner connectors of high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Vaporization of chromium from the substrate at elevated temperatures is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a layer system.
NOVELTY - Production of a protective layer on a chromium oxide-forming substrate comprises applying CoO, CuO and/or MnO2 onto the substrate. A gas-tight spinel layer is formed on the substrate at 500-1000degrees C.    USE - For a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel cells are provided with a longer service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the protective layer produced by the above method.
NOVELTY - A fluorosulfonic acid or its salt having specific group (I), is new.    USE - For acidic catalyst and electrolyte used for battery (all claimed), photosensitization-type solar cell, and capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The fluorosulfonic acid or its salt has excellent stability and high acidity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fluorosulfonic acid or its salt having a group of formula (I) is new.    -S(=O)n-CF2-SO3H (I)    n = 1 or 2.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) preparation of fluorosulfonic acid (I) or its salt;    (2) electrolyte which consists of fluorosulfonic acid or its salt;    (3) battery which contains the electrolyte; and    (4) acidic catalyst which consists of the fluorosulfonic acid or its salt.
NOVELTY - A mixture containing mercapto-group containing oligomer having mercapto groups and reactive group is prepared. The mixture is molded in film shape and condensation reaction is performed in presence of catalyst to obtain cross-linked gel. The mercapto group in film is converted into sulfonic acid group and proton conductive film is obtained. The film has cross-linked structure with silicon-oxygen covalent bond.    USE - For production of proton conductive film for fuel cell (claimed), preferably solid polymer type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The film exhibits high ion conductivity, and has excellent dimensional stability at high temperature, and is capable of functioning with stability even at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A mixture containing mercapto-group containing oligomer having mercapto groups and reactive group capable of forming Si-O-Si bonding through condensation reaction is prepared. The mixture is molded in a shape of film and condensation reaction is performed in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a cross-linked gel. The mercapto group in the film is converted into a sulfonic acid group by oxidation and a proton conductive film is obtained. The film has a cross-linked structure with a silicon-oxygen covalent bond. The cross-linked structure containing a sulfonic acid group is of formula (1).    X = cross-linked -O- bonding, or hydroxyl group;    R1 = 20C or less alkylene group; and    R2 = CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C6H5, OH or cross-linked -O- bonding.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) proton conductive film; and    (2) fuel cell which uses the proton conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a voltage electric current property of the proton conductive film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Synthesis of hydrocarbon compounds from synthesis gas comprises generating a synthesis gas stream containing greater than 2:1 mole ratio of hydrogen:carbon monoxide in a pressure swing reformer; separating a portion of the hydrogen from the synthesis gas stream; and introducing the synthesis gas stream into a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for conversion to liquid products.    USE - For synthesizing hydrocarbon compounds from synthesis gas.    ADVANTAGE - The method achieves effective integration of pressure swing reforming with downstream hydrocarbon conversion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a synthesis gas and hydrocarbon conversion process, comprising introducing a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon and steam through a first end of a first zone containing bed packing materials and a steam reforming catalyst to produce a product synthesis gas stream at a first pressure having a ratio of hydrogen (H2):carbon monoxide (CO) greater than 2:1; passing a portion of the product to a second zone containing bed packing materials, and transferring the sensible heat from the product to the packing materials; removing all product from the second zone; introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the second end of the second zone; contacting the oxygen-containing gas with a fuel and combusting the gas and fuel within the zones at a second pressure lower than the first pressure, thus re-heating the first zone to reforming temperatures and creating a flue gas that exits through the first end of the first zone; separating hydrogen from the product recovered to produce a synthesis gas stream having H2:CO ratio of 2:1; and introducing the synthesis gas into a hydrocarbon synthesis reactor for conversion to liquid products.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration showing the basic reforming and regeneration of pressure swing reforming.    First ends (3, 11)    Second ends (5, 9)    Conduit (15)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a multi-junction solar cell structure including epitaxially grown layer(s) on a substrate and having at least first, second and third subcells; and an epitaxially grown diode that is integral to at least a portion of the first subcell.    USE - For use in satellites used in mobile and telephone communications and other space-related applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a monolithic integral bypass diode that can be manufactured with a high rate of efficiency and that will require less voltage when operable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell comprises a multi-junction solar cell structure including epitaxially grown layer(s) on a substrate and having at least first (102), second (101) and third subcells; and an epitaxially grown diode that is integral to at least a portion of the first subcell. The first photovoltaic subcell has a first photoactive junction monolithically grown above the substrate. The second photovoltaic subcell has a second photoactive junction monolithically grown above the first subcell. The third photovoltaic subcell has a third photoactive junction created through diffusion of epitaxially grown material into the substrate.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a monolithic diode integral to a multi-junction solar cell comprising a Schottky contact and a structure including a gallium arsenide (GaAs) buffer layer (103), an indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) contact layer and a lateral conduction layer (113).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a multi-junction solar cell.    Second (101)    First (102)    GaAs buffer layer (103)    Ge substrate (104)    Additional metal layer (107)    Titanium-gold contacts (109, 110)    Lateral conduction layer (113)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide (CO) selection oxidizing layer (3) is provided to remove carbon monoxide remained in a shift layer (2). An air supply port (17) is provided at the narrow pipe line (16) arranged in a gas passage. The ratio of length and diameter of the area from the air supply port to the carbon monoxide selection oxidizing layer edge is 1.3 or more.    USE - For modifying hydrocarbon into hydrogen gas in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improves reliability of the modifier. Reduces the size of the modifier. The reformed gas and air with specific gravity are mixed efficiently and ensures efficient removal of carbon monoxide in reformed gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the modifier for fuel cells.    Modified layer (1)    Shift layer (2)    Oxidizing layer (3)    Narrow pipe line (16)    Air supply port (17)
NOVELTY - An optical material has stain-resistant layer formed on surface of a base material by atmospheric-pressure plasma method. The stain-resistant layer contains hydrocarbon group compound (1) or fluorine compound (2).    USE - For image display device (claimed) such as cathode ray tube and liquid crystal display, and for solar cell and window glass.    ADVANTAGE - The optical material has stain-resistant layer (as surface protective layer) of high strength and stain resistance. Therefore, durability of optical material is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optical material has stain-resistant layer formed on surface of a base material by atmospheric-pressure plasma method. The stain-resistant layer contains hydrocarbon group compound of formula (1) or fluorine compound or formula (2).    R1-R4 = H, F, 1-15C hydrocarbon group substituted with fluorine atom, or group of formula (R5)3Si-;    R5 = 1-8C hydrocarbon group, or acyloxy; and    R6, R7 = 1-9C hydrocarbon group substituted with fluorine atom or fluorine atom.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for image display device comprising optical material.
NOVELTY - The rolling bearing (300) has a number of rolling elements held between an inner ring (301) and an outer ring (302). The bearing contains grease consisting of a base oil and urea as thickening agent. The base oil contains 30 mass% or more of alkyl substituted product of diphenyl sulfide.    USE - For pumping machine such as impeller-type pumping machine, scroll-type pumping machine, swash plate-type pumping machine and screw-type pumping machine, used in fuel cell system (both claimed) such as solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The rolling bearing stably operates for a long period of time even at high temperature, high speed and high load. The bearing suppresses the generation of noise.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) pumping machine; and    (2) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the rolling bearing.    ball bearing (300)    inner ring (301)    outer ring (302)    holder (303)    ball (304)    sealing component (305)
NOVELTY - The function showing the relationship of hydrogen pressure and hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen occlusion alloy in each temperature is calculated using experiment. The hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy is calculated from the obtained function. The hydrogen occluded by the alloy is used as fuel in fuel cell (4) system, and electric power is generated.    USE - For measuring hydrogen storage capacity in hydrogen occlusion alloy present in a tank.    ADVANTAGE - The method measures the hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen occlusion alloy correctly using simple structure. The method enables to provide compact and inexpensive fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen occlusion alloy tank (1)    temperature sensor (2)    pressure sensor (3)    fuel cell (4)    calculation and memory device (5)    hydrogen flow path (6)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical device has a solid electrolyte (1), electrode films (2b,3b) formed at either surface of electrolyte, lead wires (4,5), and metallic foil (6) having an opening. The lead wires (4,5) are formed at electrode films (2b,3b), respectively. The electrode film (3b) and metallic foil are joined via an adhesive layer (7).    USE - Electrochemical device, useful for oxygen pump, gas sensor or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical device has improved durability and oxygen pumping property, and radiation of heat from lead wire connection portion is suppressed. The device has improved temperature distribution, and thermal strain of electrolyte is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of an electrochemical device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solid electrolyte (1)    electrode films (2b,3b)    lead wires (4,5)    metallic foil (6)    adhesive layer (7)
NOVELTY - The combustion system has a combustible gas sensor (9) that is provided in exhaust gas flow path for measuring exhaust gas concentration, actuated after elapse of preset time from engine start time. A warning is output when measured gas concentration exceeds preset limit.    USE - For fuel reformer used in fuel cell. Prevents incorrect measurement of the gas concentration. Also enables alerting user about fuel gas leakage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the combustion system and flowchart explaining the combustion control process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reformer (6)    combustion unit (7)    exhaust gas flow path (8)    combustible gas sensor (9)    hydrogen gas utilization unit (10)
NOVELTY - An anatase type titanium dioxide has ring-shaped structure, or a portion of the titanium dioxide has ring-shaped structure.    USE - Support of catalyst, photocatalyst, photoelectric conversion material and pigment sensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The anatase type titanium dioxide has high specific surface area and a high degree of crystallinity. Therefore, the titanium dioxide is effectively used as catalyst. Aggregation of titanium oxide particle is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) composition containing anatase type titanium dioxide; and    (2) manufacture of anatase type titanium dioxide by neutralizing metatitanic acid with alkali, suspending the neutralized metatitanic acid in water, performing hydrothermal reaction of the mixture, filtering and water-washing.
NOVELTY - The solar thermoelectric cell has a thin-film electrical insulation substrate (1) on which copper raw material (2), tellurium-indium raw material (3), tellurium raw material (4), cadmium-tellurium raw material (5) and indium-tin-oxide raw material (6) are vapor-deposited sequentially.    USE - As solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar thermoelectric cell efficiently and economically generates electric power from solar energy, compared to silicon group solar cell. The power generation efficiency of the solar cell is not reduced by the high temperature of solar heat.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solar thermoelectric cell.    substrate (1)    copper raw material (2)    tellurium-indium raw material (3)    tellurium raw material (4)    cadmium-tellurium raw material (5)    indium-tin-oxide raw material (6)
NOVELTY - Several semiconductor particles (2) with conduction band larger than silicon, are distributed in a silicon crystal layer (1).    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the carrier generation amount in the silicon crystal layer is increased, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of silicon layer is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar cell.    Silicon crystal layer (1)    Semiconductor particles (2)    PN junction (3)    Surface electrode (5)    Reverse-side electrode (6)
NOVELTY - A solar battery element has electrodes (5,6) provided on the surfaces of semiconductor substrate (1) having semiconductor junction portion. The surface electrode is coated with tin-bismuth-silver group solder (7) which does not contain lead. The solder contains 27-73 wt.% of bismuth. The surface electrode contains oxides of titanium, bismuth, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, iron and/or chromium.    USE - Used as solar battery element (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since lead free solder is provided on the surface electrode of the solar battery element, the generation of silver notching is prevented and favorable ohmic contact property and bonding strength are ensured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for formation of solar battery element which involves applying anti-reflective coating (3) on electrode material containing silver formed at the surface of semiconductor substrate, baking the formed coating and applying solder containing tin-bismuth-silver on the baked coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solar battery element.    semiconductor substrate (1)    anti-reflective coating (3)    electrodes (5,6)    solder (7)
NOVELTY - Surface electrode (4) with silver as main component is printed on main surface of semiconductor substrate (1). Output extraction and current collection electrodes (5, 6) with silver and aluminum as main components, respectively are printed on substrate reverse side. Electrodes (5, 6) are printed after applying silver and aluminum paste on substrate and annealing in hydrogen-chloride/fluorinated-hydrogen gas atmosphere.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the problem of gas reacting with the silver and aluminum paste and hence prevents the generation of cracks in the substrate. Also prevents the reduction in the conversion efficiency of the solar battery element, as the substrate is subjected to annealing processes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a solar battery element manufacturing process.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Diffused layer (2)    Anti-reflective coating (3)    Surface electrode (4)    Output extraction electrode (5)    Current collection electrode (6)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte liquid contains iodine-cyclodextrin clathrate compound.    USE - For optoelectric transducer (claimed) used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte liquid provides optoelectric transducer with excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and high safety since iodine-cyclodextrin clathrate compound contained in the electrolyte liquid is not toxic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer. The optoelectric transducer consists of a substrate having electroconductive surface provided sequentially with semiconductor layer, semiconductor electrode and counter electrode having electroconductive surface. The semiconductor electrode consists of pigment, and is absorbed to surface of the semiconductor layer. The counter electrode is arranged in opposing direction with respect to the semiconductor electrode. The electrolyte liquid is provided between the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode.
NOVELTY - An indium zinc oxide film having 4-25 mass% of zinc oxide, is formed on a polymeric base material, by applying voltages of different frequencies, to rotating electrode (35) and fixed electrode (36), provided in a reaction container. The concentration of oxygen outside the discharge space (32) provided in a reaction container, is 2-9 volume%.    USE - For forming indium zinc oxide film (claimed) used in thin film solar cell, portable mobile terminal.    ADVANTAGE - The film is formed at a high speed and the quality of the film is very good.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for indium zinc oxide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a plasma processing apparatus.    Discharge space (32)    Rotating electrode (35)    Fixed electrode (36)    Power supply (41, 42)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor comprises a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (I) or (II).    USE - For photoelectric-conversion material used for optoelectric transducer used for solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor contains heterocyclic compound of formula (I) or (II).    X1, X2 = oxygen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom or -N(R8)-;    X3, X4 = oxygen atom, sulfur atom or selenium atom;    R1-R6, R8 = H or substituent, R1 and R2 combines together to form ring;    L1 = bivalent group;    R7 = carboxyl group, sulfo group or phosphono group; and    Z1-Z3 = nonmetallic atom group required to form 6-membered ring.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) optoelectric transducer having semiconductor provided on an electroconductive support (1); and    (2) solar cell having optoelectric transducer, charge transferring layer and counter electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of structure of optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive support portion (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transferring layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The fin, tube and tank made from aluminum are fixed using the brazing material for producing the assembled heat exchanger. The vacuum brazing of the assembled heat exchanger is carried out within a hot vacuum furnace without using the flux for brazing. The tube and tank are washed with pure water or ethylene glycol heated to 70 degreesC.    USE - For manufacturing aluminum heat exchanger used in fuel cell system of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The usage of flux for brazing is prevented. Hence the elution of unreacted flux in the water is prevented.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a center roller (19) and sending and receiving rollers (4, 5) which are arranged above and below the film formation chambers (21-26), respectively. The sending roller conveys flexible substrate (10) to the receiving roller, through the center roller equipped with heating/cooling mechanism, such that the tensile strength of substrate conveying between film formation chambers is controlled.    USE - For forming thin film such as photoelectric conversion film and electrode film on flexible substrate during manufacture of thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Thin film is easily formed on the substrate, without causing any damage to the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross sectional view of a thin film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sending roller (4)    Receiving roller (5)    Flexible substrate (10)    Center roller (19)    Thin film formation chambers (21-26)
NOVELTY - Metal carboxylate salt and alcohol, or metal alkoxy group-containing compound and carboxyl group-containing compound are used as starting material for metal oxide. The starting material is formed into a film on a base material. The film is subjected to plasma irradiation to form metal oxide film on the base material.    USE - For manufacturing metal oxide film used for fluorescent devices, electric beam discharge devices, catalyst, semiconductor devices for solar cells, electrodes, opto-electric transducers, thermoelectric component, surface acoustic wave device, dielectric component, piezo electric material, varistor, electroluminescent material, window material for motor vehicles and construction purposes, agricultural materials, memory devices, light sources, display devices, information and telecommunication devices.    ADVANTAGE - The metal oxide film having high electroconductivity, antistatic property, heat conductivity and magnetic property is formed.
NOVELTY - Oxidative electrolytic polymerization of a monomer is performed in presence of calixarene-fullerene complex, to form a thin film consisting of the polymer derived from the monomer and calixarene-fullerene complex, on electrode, by formation method of fullerene-containing photoelectric conversion property thin film. The calixarene has an anionic hydrophilic functional group in upper end or lower end.    USE - For forming fullerene-containing photoelectric conversion property thin film used for optoelectric transducer material (claimed) for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fullerene-containing thin film can be produced conveniently, without accompanying special technique and difficult process. The optoelectric transducer material formed using the thin film, has excellent optical absorption ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectric transducer material consisting of the fullerene-containing thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the result of photoelectric current measurement performed to fullerene-containing thin film and comparative thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Passivation of inorganic electrode (I) of solar cell based on photovoltaically-active organic semiconductor, after cleaning pretreatment, comprises (a) vacuum vapor phase deposition of metal alcoholate on (I) and removing chemically unbound fraction by sublimation; and (b) passing subliming phenol, alcohol or organic acid that is stable in vapor phase over (I) and removing chemically unbound fraction by sublimation to leave monolayer on (I) surface.    USE - Solar cell based on organic semiconductor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The buffer layer, providing anode passivation and an electrical connection between this and the first organic semiconductor layer, is normally produced by wet chemical coating, e.g. spin coating, with a polymer agglomerate in solution. This improves contact with active organic layers but is a worse conductor than indium-tin oxide (ITO). Enclosed solvent residues, e.g. water, can also cause problems. The present methods give thermostable buffer layers with reduced series resistance. The flexibility of electrode properties, e.g. work function, increases the list of suitable photovoltaic materials. The monolayer, chemically bound to the electrode, gives a high degree of homogeneous cover, despite minimal film thickness. Without polymer buffer, the series resistance is lower and the modified substrate is more thermostable, allowing coating at higher substrate temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) similar passivation process, in which electrode (I) is treated with an inorganic acid to leave a monolayer on the surface;    (2) solar cell with photovoltaically-active organic semiconductor.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack with fuel cells separated by bipolar plates, having two end plates and side faces formed by edges of bipolar plates and fuel cells, where side face(s) (4) of the stack is flat, and carries a cooling body (6) and heat dissipator for passive cooling of stack, with cooling body (6) and heat dissipator separated by heat conductive electrically insulating layer (5).    USE - The stack is useful as a potential alternative source of electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The stack cooling system is simpler and cheaper to produce than previous systems, takes up less space, is lighter, and has increased cooling efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a stack with polymer-membrane fuel cells.    fuels cells, (1)    bipolar plates, (2)    air channels, (3)    side face, (4)    heat conductive electrically insulating layer, (5)    cooling body. (6)
NOVELTY - A calcium-mischmetal-nickel-based alloy is new.    USE - The invention is used for storing hydrogen gas (claimed) used as a fuel for fuel cells producing hydrogen energy.    ADVANTAGE - The invention improves long-term stability of the alloy without causing much reduction of the storage capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New calcium-mischmetal-nickel-based alloy is of formula (CaxM1-x)t(Ni1-yTy)5.    M = mischmetal, and/or rare earth metal;    T = metalloid(s);    x = greater than 0 and up to 1;    y = greater than 0 and up to 0.5;    t = 0.8-1.2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a curve giving the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy as a function of the pressure after 3 cycles and 250 cycles.
NOVELTY - A noble metal catalyst comprises a particulate carbon support, and 5-95 wt.% particulate metal comprising platinum. The catalyst has a total agglomerate volume of less than 2.4x10E11 nm3/nm2.    USE - As an anode or cathode electrocatalyst for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalyst exhibits reduced agglomeration of catalyst particles relative to conventional noble metal catalysts. The concentration of the catalyst is maximized. The agglomerization of the metal particles on the support is minimized, to maximize the metal surface area and to improve the reactivity of the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) A process of preparing the above noble metal catalyst by providing a solution of a platinum reagent containing platinum having a valency of less than (IV); adding an oxidizing agent; providing treated particulate carbon; introducing the particulate carbon into the platinum reagent solution; and contacting the platinum reagent solution containing the particulate carbon with a precipitating agent;    (b) A coated substrate, comprising a substrate having an electrocatalyst coating composition coated on the substrate, where the electrocatalyst coating composition comprises an anode or cathode electrocatalyst comprising the particulate carbon support and the particulate platinum; and    (c) A fuel cell, comprising the above coated substrate.
NOVELTY - A catalyst composition comprises a first catalyst including 10-70 wt.% platinum or platinum alloy formed on carbon particles having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 250 m2/g; and a second catalyst including 10-70 wt.% platinum or platinum alloy formed on carbon particles having a BET surface area of 600-1000 m2/g.    USE - For a membrane electrode assembly (claimed), used for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel composition provides an increased voltage output over the applicable range of current densities. It creates a catalyst layer with a desirable porosity, and has a higher electro-catalytic activity due to the contribution from the high platinum dispersion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), comprising an electrolyte membrane (16); an anode (14) on one side of the membrane; and a cathode (12) on the opposite side of the membrane from the anode; and    (b) A method of making the above catalyst composition by mixing the first catalyst and the second catalyst to form the composition.    Preferred Features: The cathode includes a cathode catalyst layer (20) including a catalyst composition made of a mixture of the first catalyst and the second catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an MEA for a PEMFC using the above catalyst.    Cathode (12)    Anode (14)    Electrolyte membrane (16)    Cathode catalyst layer (20)    Carbon particles (22, 30)
NOVELTY - A micro-fabricated device (100) comprises a support structure (140), a device substrate (130) disposed a distance G from the support structure, and thermally isolating structure(s) (120) coupled to the device substrate and support structure. The thermally isolating structure has a characteristic length greater than the distance G.    USE - For use in e.g. fuel cell or micro-chemical reactor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive micro-fabricated device is cheaper, more reliable, and exhibits higher performance than prior art devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a storage device comprising the above micro-fabricated device(s), and a storage medium proximate to the electronic device and having a storage area in one of states to represent information stored in that storage area;    (B) a computer system comprising an electronic device (e.g. storage or display device) including micro-fabricated device(s) coupled to a microprocessor, memory coupled to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor for executing instructions from the memory to transfer data between the memory and electronic device, and including micro-fabricated device; and    (C) fabrication of micro-fabricated device by forming a support structure, defining a device substrate, and forming thermally isolating structure(s) thermally coupled to the device substrate and support structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of the inventive micro-fabricated device.    Micro-fabricated device (100)    Package (110)    Thermally isolating structure (120)    Device substrate (130)    Support structure (140)    Dielectric passivation layer (174)    Second dielectric layer (176)    Device bond structure (180)    Lid (182)    Lid bond structure (184)    Base (186)    Base bond structure (188)    Non-evaporable getter material (190)
NOVELTY - A close proximity pulsed laser catalyst deposition system (90) comprises a pulsed laser for applying an energy beam pulse above the ablative energy threshold of a catalyst, to create a vaporized plume (104) of the catalyst, and direct the vaporized plume across a gap (98) at ambient atmospheric pressure to deposit a porous, finely divided coating of increased surface area of the catalyst on a second medium (96).    USE - The invention is useful for a fuel cell and an electrolyzer (claimed). Fuel cell is e.g. polymer electrolyte membrane.    ADVANTAGE - The invention eliminates the need for vacuum conditions; is cost efficient; eliminates the need for catalyst preparation and intermediate chemical processing; is easily scalable to large systems; and selectively deposits a thin layer of catalyst on a membrane at the optimal functional thickness of the catalyst layer, under atmospheric or near atmospheric conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A close proximity pulsed laser catalyst deposition system comprises: a first medium containing layer of a catalyst (94) to be deposited; a second medium disposed across a gap from and facing the layer of catalyst to be deposited, the gap being at ambient atmospheric pressure; and a pulsed laser for applying an energy beam pulse above the ablative energy threshold of the catalyst, to create a vaporized plume of the catalyst, and direct the vaporized plume across the gap at ambient atmospheric pressure to deposit a porous, finely divided coating of increased surface area of the catalyst on the second medium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic side view of a close proximity pulsed laser catalyst deposition system.    Close proximity pulsed laser catalyst deposition system (90)    Layer of a catalyst (94)    Second medium (96)    Gap (98)    Vaporized plume (104)
NOVELTY - The testing method comprises: (a) working on the conductive material, such as aluminum foil, as a porous structure so as to replace the Nafion and catalyst layer of MEA (membrane electrode assembly); (b) using the low resistance meter with flow meter to measure the contact resistance of fuel cell and measuring the size of porosity of carbon paper to determine the gas transmissivity; and (c) feeding the gas from a dipole board and blocking the exit of dipole board to review the flow meter to determine the gas leakage so as to obtain better package performance.    USE - Process for testing performance of fuel cell package.    ADVANTAGE - The process can greatly reduce the cost of package performance testing for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Controlling the current amount of a microorganism fuel cell is provided, to control the amount of current supplied to the fuel cell according to the cell membrane permeability of an electron carrier by changing the mobility of a cell membrane with environmental shock.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises the step of applying a temperature shock or a chemical shock for increasing the mobility of a cell membrane to the microorganism composing a fuel cell, thereby changing the mobility of a cell membrane and changing the amount of current supplied to the fuel cell according to the cell membrane permeability of an electron carrier. Preferably the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, Alcaligenses eutrophus, Azotobacter chroococum, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida; the electron carrier is at least one selected from the group consisting of thionine, methylene blue, azur A and benzyl viologen; and the chemical increasing the mobility of a cell membrane is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, propanol and acetone.
NOVELTY - An electroconductive support plate (33a) has several gas passageways (34) that are formed along axial length direction of plate in order. The diameter R1' of gas passageways in vertical direction of the support plate is greater than the diameter R2' of gas passageways in horizontal direction of the support plate.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical resistance of electric current path in the fuel cell is reduced, and the electric power generating capability of fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electroconductive support plate (33a)    Lateral electrodes (33b, 33d)    Solid electrolyte (33c)    Interconnector (33f)    Gas passageways (34)
NOVELTY - A resin tape (30) is wound around a cylindrical housing (20), to absorb the shrinkage portion of cell material (40) wound around the periphery of the housing, during baking of the cell material.    USE - For manufacturing solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables manufacturing the cylindrical shaped fuel cell easily and reliably, without producing deformation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel cell manufacturing procedure.    Jig (10)    Support pillar (12)    Cylindrical housing (20)    Resin tape (30)    Cell material (40)    Fuel electrode tape (41)    Electrolyte tape (42)    Air electrode tape (43)
NOVELTY - The playback-mode running which regenerates a modification catalyst, is performed after receiving a drive stop signal before carrying out a master stop.    USE - For regeneration of modification-catalyst used in fuel cell system used for domestic application.    ADVANTAGE - Improves durability of the modification catalyst. Performs efficient modification reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart explaining the modification catalyst regeneration method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An intermediate layer formed using material (III), is formed on a base material consisting of material (I). A film formed using material (II) is further laminated on the intermediate layer, and a target film is formed. The material (III) prevents the chemical reaction produced between materials (I,II), and function(s) of materials (I,II) is not impaired.    USE - For forming film used for manufacturing solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The formation of film is economical, and enables the reduction of size of fuel cell. The inconvenient reaction of lanthanum and calcium of interconnector material and zirconia of fuel electrode material is prevented. The electric power generation capability is improved, and contact resistance between fuel electrode and interconnector is sharply decreased. The fuel electrode material has high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and heat conductivity, and is economical.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell consists of hydrogen ion permeable electrolyte film (10) which selectively permeates hydrogen ion, alcohol for hydrogen ion supply, and a catalyst (20). The alcohol for hydrogen ion supply (90) is contacted with the catalyst at cathode side, and hydrogen ion and ketone are produced. Hydrogen ion and oxygen ion are reacted in presence of the catalyst at the anode side, such that electric power is generated.    USE - As rechargeable fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has simple structure. The hydrogen ion is produced directly according to catalytic reaction of alcohol for hydrogen ion supply in cathode side. The fuel cell utilizes the electric power from system outside after electric power generation. The alcohol for hydrogen ion supply is regenerated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of fuel cell.    Hydrogen ion permeable electrolyte film (10)    Catalyst (20)    Anode side reaction container (60)    Cathode side reaction container (70)    Oxidizing agent (80)    Alcohol for hydrogen ion supply (90)
NOVELTY - The grain-shaped silicon is heated in a controlled atmosphere containing reactive gas. The silicon is melted and silicon compound film containing component of gas is formed. The temperature of film is lowered and silicon is coagulated and crystallized. The temperature is further reduced and heat processed at predetermined temperature in controlled atmosphere of 10-100% of oxygen partial pressure to form grain-shaped silicon single crystal.    USE - Manufacturing grain-shaped silicon single crystal used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The contamination of grain-shaped silicon single crystal with iron is reduced. The mass production and yield of grain-shaped silicon single crystal are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reactive gas is oxygen or nitrogen gas. The controlled atmosphere contains argon gas and/or nitrogen gas.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for grain-shaped silicon single crystal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows silicon single crystal manufacturing apparatus.    Furnace (1)    Heat generator (2)    Heat insulating material (3)    Gas supply (4)    Thermocouple (6)    Grain-shaped silicon (7)
NOVELTY - A pigment-sensitized solar cell contains an ionic substance having specific dicyano anion.    USE - As battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell having high ionic conductivity is safe to use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pigment-sensitized solar cell contains an ionic substance having specific dicyano anion of formula (1).    X = boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, arsenic or selenium;    M1 and M2 = organic connection groups;    Q = organic group;    a = one or more; and    b-e = 0 or more.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial sectional drawing of the pigment-sensitized solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Methane-fermentation of primary slurry and/or residue substance obtained from organic refuse such as garbage, is performed in the presence of sawdust, charcoal and methane-fermentation microbe, and secondary slurry and methane gas are produced.    USE - For methane-fermentation processing of organic refuse such as garbage from kitchen, to remove organic material used as raw material of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The organic material in the refuse is removed economically, efficiently and easily, and used as raw material of fuel cell. Chemical adjustment and management of methane fermentation process are simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for methane-fermentation processing apparatus of organic refuse. The processing apparatus has an apparatus of mechanism which performs methane fermentation using residue solid substance obtained from organic refuse such as garbage, as primary slurry in the presence of sawdust, charcoal and methane-fermentation microbe, and producing secondary slurry, and a mechanism which performs methane fermentation of primary slurry and/or secondary slurry in the presence of methane bacterium and producing methane gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model of structure of organic refuse processing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    primary slurry storage tank (3)    primary solid substance tank (4)    fermenter (5)    bio-film support (11)    granule microbe (12)
NOVELTY - A surface-treatment apparatus has a ladder-type electrode (2) and a ground electrode (16) which are supplied with electric power through co-axial cables (100a-100h) to generate plasma between the electrodes.    USE - Used in the manufacture of large scale integrated (LSI) circuits, LCDs, amorphous silicon-type solar cells and thin film polycrystal silicon-type solar cells, and also used in electronic reproduction machines, large area wall mounting TVs and copiers.    ADVANTAGE - Electric power loss of the co-axial cable is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for surface treatment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the surface-treatment apparatus.    ladder type electrode (2)    ground electrode (16)    surface-treatment apparatus (50)    co-axial cables (30,31,33a-33h,100a-100h)    substrate (W)
NOVELTY - The reflectance of aluminum electrode (5) formed on the rear side of a semiconductor substrate (1), with respect to light having a wavelength of 600-1000 nm, is 30% or more.    USE - Solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - The stress acting on the aluminum electrode is decreased, and the deformation and crack of the solar battery, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a solar battery element.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Silver electrode (4)    Aluminum electrode (5)    Surface electrode (6)
NOVELTY - The aluminum electrode (5) formed on the rear side of the silicon substrate (1) is provided with multiple air holes (9).    USE - Electrode for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deformation and cracking of the aluminum electrode and silicon substrate due to difference in thermal contraction rate of the aluminum electrode and silicon substrate, during backing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a solar battery electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon substrate (1)    Diffused layer (2)    Anti-reflecting coating (3)    Rear side silver electrode (4)    Aluminum electrode (5)    Surface electrode (6)    Rear side solder layer (7)    Air holes (9)
NOVELTY - A porous type electron carrying layer (4) is positioned between a pair of electrodes (3,6). A pigment layer (D) contacts the electronic carrying layer by contact gap of electronic transport material formed in electron carrying layer. A hole carrying layer (5) is arranged between the electron carrying layer and upper electrode.    USE - Used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Cost of manufacture of optoelectric transducer is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Board (2)    Lower electrode (3)    Electron carrying layer (4)    Hole carrying layer (5)    Upper electrode (6)    External circuit (100)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte film consists of a hydrolysis-substance matrix of organosilicon compound having proton conductivity, and 5-95 wt.% of silica-type particle. The silica-type particle has refractive index of 1.2-1.45 and average particle diameter of 5-500 nm.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte film has excellent strength, proton conductivity, thermal stability and durability. The fuel cell using the electrolyte film has excellent electric power generation capability, and voltage maintenance property even at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) coating material for electrolyte film formation comprising mixture of organosilicon compound and/or organosilicon compound hydrolysis substance having proton conductivity, and/or organic solvent solution, and silica-type particle organic solvent dispersion liquid and a proton donor; and    (2) fuel cell comprising the electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - A controller controls the charging of a battery (1) through a voltage reduction circuit (4), when the voltage of an electrical double-layered capacitor (3) charged by a solar cell module (5) is more than the predetermined voltage.    USE - Used as e.g. a power assisted bicycle mounted with a ball-shaped silicon micro-solar cell, and also applicable for welfare vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The battery charging complexity is reduced by using a simple technique while achieving size and weight reduction of the electric vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the battery charging circuit connected to a solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    battery (1)    voltage rise circuit (2)    electrical double-layered capacitor (3)    voltage reduction circuit (4)    solar cell module (5)
NOVELTY - The reverse side protection sheet has thickness of 50 mm or more, and comprises inorganic fiber paper or inorganic fiber cloth laminated to a resin sheet. The inorganic fiber paper or cloth has basic weight of more than 30 g/m2.    USE - For solar cell and solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The sheet has favorable dimensional stability during processing, penetration resistance and electrical insulation property. The sheet is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell and solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of structure of resin sheet.    Reverse side protection sheet (40a-40d)
NOVELTY - A photosensitization type solar cell has a semiconductor electrode (4) surface containing a pigment and carboxylic acid, and conductive layer, opposing board (6) which is spaced and arranged opposite to electrode, and electrolyte layer clamped between electrode and conductive layer. The electrolyte layer contains iodine molecule and fused salt of iodide.    USE - As photosensitization type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photosensitization type solar cell has excellent light property such as release voltage, and durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the manufacturing process of the pigment sensitization type solar cell.    Glass substrate (1)    Transparent electrically conductive film (2)    Semiconductor electrode (4)    Opposing electrode (6)    Electrolyte composition (9)
NOVELTY - The acrylic resin film (1) has light transmittance of 10% or less at a wavelength of 380 nm and 90% or more at wavelength of 480 nm.    USE - For protection of pigment sensitization-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The acrylic resin film has weather-proof color change property and excellent transparency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows pigment sensitization-type solar cell covered with acrylic resin film.    Acrylic resin film (1)    Substrate (2)    Transparent electroconductive film (3)    Metal oxide semiconductor electrode (4)    Pigment (5)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer comprises oxide semiconductor microparticles sensitized with pigment.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer is excellent in conversion efficiency. The solar cell utilizing the transducer also has high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optoelectric transducer comprises oxide semiconductor microparticles sensitized with pigment of formula (I).    R1-R8 = substituent;    X = oxygen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom or -NR10-;    Y and Z = oxygen atom, sulfur atom or selenium atom; and    R9 and R10 = H, heterocyclic residue having optional substituent, aromatic hydrocarbon residue having optional substituent or aliphatic hydrocarbon residue having optional substituent.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell utilizing the optoelectric transducer; and    (2) oxide semiconductor microparticles sensitized with the pigment.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte (10) contains residual material or its derivative(s) produced by the extraction of fullerene in the manufacture of fullerene.    USE - Used for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has favorable proton conductivity, and is manufactured inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrolyte (10)    fuel electrode (20)    substrate (21,31)    water repellant layer (22)
NOVELTY - A liquid mixture containing at least one type of alkoxysilane, acidic catalyst and hydrophilic resin, is applied on a polymeric base film, to form a coating layer and to obtain a gas-barrier laminated film. The liquid mixture contains 0.3-5 mole equivalence of acidic catalyst, with respect to 1 mole equivalence of the alkoxysilane.    USE - For manufacture of gas-barrier laminated film used for substrate for image display element (claimed) such as organic electroluminescent element and liquid crystal display element, for electrode substrate of image display elements, polarizing plate, phase plate, transparent electrode for touch panels, electromagnetic shielding board for cathode ray tube, plasma display panel, back light, light guide plate, color filter, light guard, light tape, optical disk, cover of solar cell, and for packaging such pharmaceuticals and food.    ADVANTAGE - The laminated film has excellent gas-barrier property and transparency. The substrate and liquid crystal element utilizing the laminated film, have high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) gas-barrier laminated film;    (2) substrate consisting of the gas-barrier laminated film; and    (3) image display element consisting of the gas-barrier laminated film or the substrate.
NOVELTY - A modifier system has desulfurizer, modifier, carbon monoxide transformer, carbon monoxide removal device, fuel cell, air and fuel supply systems, control apparatus to control modification water flow amount to preset range, and regulator. Time-dependent deterioration degree of modification catalyst is estimated from driving information of amount for accumulation modification of hydrocarbon-type fuel and/or start-stop frequency.    USE - As modifier system.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier system is driven and continued for a long period of time, without exchanging the modification catalyst filled in modification portion of modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A modifier system has a desulfurizer, a modifier, a carbon monoxide transformer, a carbon monoxide removal device, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using hydrogen manufactured by modifier, a supply system (I), supply system for supplying air to heating portion of modifier, carbon monoxide removal device and fuel cell, control apparatus, and a regulator for controlling fluid flow to the flow path of supply systems. The supply system (I) supplies water to modification portion of modifier, and hydrocarbon-type fuel for modification. The time-dependent deterioration degree of modification catalyst is estimated from the driving information of amount of accumulation modification of hydrocarbon-type fuel and/or start-stop frequency. The control apparatus controls the flow amount of modification water, such that favorable deterioration degree is acquired.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for operating method of modifier system with polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the aspect of modifier system with polymer electrolyte fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The method involves forming a semiconductor layer by applying and baking paste containing semiconductor fine particles and binder containing a polymer compound on a transparent electroconductive substrate. The semiconductor layer is irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) rays to remove organic material remaining in the semiconductor layer by photocatalytic action of the semiconductor fine particles.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell (claimed) e.g. pigment sensitization wet solar cell used in electronic apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates to manufacture solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency by improving coupling strength of semiconductor fine particles and increasing free movement of electrons thereby improving characteristics of the electronic apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) solar cell;    (b) electronic apparatus manufacturing method;    (c) semiconductor layer formation method; and    (d) semiconductor layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graphical representation explaining relationship between carbon component content in semiconductor layer with respect to ultraviolet irradiation time. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Transparent holes (8) having diameters within 30-500 microns are formed on an upper electrode layer, so that the distance between the center of the holes is 1.01-2 times the diameter of the holes.    USE - Used as a transparent thin-film solar cell module used as a transparent screen for use with indoor-type projectors.    ADVANTAGE - The module has improved output, transparency and external appearance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a transparent thin-film solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic top view of the transparent thin-film solar cell module.    transparent thin-film solar cell module (1)    transparent hole (8)    multiple connection region (9)    opening (18)
NOVELTY - A p-i-n junction (100) has an n-layer (13), an i-layer (14) and a p-layer (15), laminated successively on a metal electrode layer (12) formed on a silicon substrate (11). The i-layer is made of amorphous iron silicide containing hydrogen atoms (FexSiy:H). Some of the hydrogen atoms terminate the silicon atom and/or iron atom dangling bonds.    USE - Used as an opto-electric transducer for solar cells, (claimed) e.g. tandem or hybrid type amorphous solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The trap levels and joint defects occurring in the amorphous iron silicide film are eliminated. Hence the i-layer has the characteristics of true semiconductor film and conversion efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a solar cell; and    (2) an iron silicide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    silicon substrate (11)    metal electrode layer (12)    n-layer (13)    i-layer (14)    p-layer (15)    transparent electrode layer (16)    p-i-n junction (100)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell (100) comprises: a photovoltaic element; and coating film (107) provided on the photovoltaic element. The photovoltaic element has an electrode (105) having a thickness larger than the average thickness of the coating film, and a thickness of a part of the coating film which is in contact with the electrode is equal to or smaller than the average thickness of the coating film.    USE - The photovoltaic cell, e.g. solar cell, is used as an electrical source.    ADVANTAGE - The invented photovoltaic cell has superior appearance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic cell, comprising: forming the coating film on a light receiving face of the photovoltaic element by applying the coating film; and heating the coating film for curing while a part of it in contact with an electrode of the photovoltaic element is maintained such that it has a thickness equal to or smaller than the average thickness of the coating film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a photovoltaic cell.    Cell (100)    Element plate (101)    Insulating member (104)    Electrode (105)    Coating film (107)
NOVELTY - The seed gas hydrate particles (H4), hydrate forming gas (G3) and water (W1) are reacted in a reaction chamber to obtain growth particles, and/or gas (G3) and water are reacted to form new gas hydrate particles (NG). Portion(s) of growth particles, NG or particles (H4) are removed from chamber and fragmented to obtain fragmented gas hydrate particles. Portion(s) of obtained particles is recycled to chamber.    USE - Producing gas hydrates that can be used as fuel for e.g. fuel cells or for making hydrogen or methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Gas hydrate with high yield is produced continuously and efficiently by simple process. The method requires less equipment, provides large surface area for hydrate reaction, and enables favorable heat and mass transfer rates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The seed gas hydrate particles (H4), hydrate forming gas (G3) and water (W1) are provided and reacted in a reaction chamber, to provide gas hydrate growth on seed particles and obtain growth particles, and/or gas (G3) and water are reacted to form new gas hydrate particles. Portion(s) of growth particles, new gas hydrate particles or particles (H4) are removed from the chamber and fragmented, to obtain fragmented gas hydrate particles. Portion(s) of obtained particles is recycled to the chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the hydrate fluidized bed granulation process.    Granulation chamber (1)    Gas distributor (8)    Hydrate forming gas (G3)    Granulated hydrate particles (H1)    Seed hydrate particles (H4)    Water (W1)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell end plate (30) comprises a first structural member; a second structural member; and vertical members connecting the first structural member and the second structural member, in which the fuel cell end plate is configured to conform to a surface of a fuel cell to transmit substantially constant compressive force along the surface of the fuel cell.    USE - The end plate is used for a fuel cell assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The end plate is capable of complying with shifting non-parallelism of the fuel cell stack while uniformly transmitting the compressive forces to the major surfaces of the end cells of fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell assembly comprising a fuel cell stack    (1) comprising a first fuel cell and a second fuel cell, the first fuel cell in electrical communication with the second fuel cell; and a first fuel cell end plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric cut-away view of the end plate.    Fuel cell stack (1)    Fuel cell end plate (30)    Enclosure (90)    Minor couplings (92a, 92b)
NOVELTY - Heat is applied on gas stream with a source of hydrogen atom containing compounds, at a rapid rate to produce hydrogen ions and free electrons from the source, transform the ions into protons and induce a sustained chain reaction and collect free electrons as a source of electricity.    USE - For generating electricity in nuclear fuel cell combined with internal combustion engine powered vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of electricity with high energy production efficiency, simple pollution-free operation and self-sustained nuclear fusion system, is enabled, by this method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) nuclear reactor;    (2) nuclear fuel cell; and    (3) combination of nuclear fuel cell and internal combustion engine powered vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of vertically fired combustor.
NOVELTY - An electro spun fiber is produced from a conducting solution. The conducting solution comprises mesoporous precursor material(s).    USE - For use in sensor, biosensors, scaffolds for cell growth for artificial skin or bone, optical and electronic devices, nanotube composites, solar cells, fuel cells, smart textiles and paper.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides can be substituted in place of the mesoporous molecular sieve fibers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) an electro spinning apparatus comprising conducting solution introduction device(s) for providing conducting solution. The conducting solution introduction devices are electrically charged to establish an electric field between the conducting solution introduction devices and a target; and flow controller for controlling the flow characteristics of conducting solution from conducting solution introduction device(s);    (2) making a network of fibers containing fibers having mesoporous precursor material by electro spinning;    (3) electro spinning a fiber from a conducting solution comprising establishing an electric field between a conducting solution introduction device and a target, feeding the conducting fluid from a reservoir to the conducting solution introduction device, forming a jet of the conducting solution, applying an electric current to the jet to form fibers, and collecting the fiber on a target;and    (4) a network of fibers comprising mesoporous precursor material    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic representation of the electro spinning apparatus.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen separation membrane (82) is arranged in a communication path (83) connecting the upper and lower chambers (77,78) of a chemical reactor. The mixed gas supplied to the upper chamber is compressed by a piston (72) arranged inside a cylinder (71). The hydrogen is separated from the mixed gas and is supplied into the lower chamber, by the pressure generated during movement of the piston.    USE - For generating hydrogen supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient separation of the hydrogen from the mixed gas, by the pressure generated during movement of the piston. The recovery amount of the hydrogen per unit time is increased. by increasing separation efficiency of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The chemical reactor generates mixed gas containing hydrogen, by modification reaction of aliphatic alcohol or hydrocarbon. The hydrogen is separated from the mixed gas using the hydrogen separation membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen generator.    cylinder (71)    piston (72)    upper and lower chambers (77,78)    hydrogen separation membrane (82)    communicating path (83)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generation unit (31) is connected to a supply unit (35) for generating hydrogen. A pair of discharge pipes (37a,40a) are connected to the hydrogen generation unit and the supply unit, for ejecting hydrogen and liquid respectively. A controller (39) regulates discharge of liquid from the discharge pipe (40a), during shutdown.    USE - For generating hydrogen supplied to fuel cell used in electric-power generating system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents rise in pressure inside the hydrogen generator by ejecting liquid during shutdown and thereby damage on the pressure generator is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A raw-material supply valve (34b), a water supply valve (35b) and a fuel exhaust valve (37a) are arranged in the hydrogen generation unit, supply unit and a fuel outlet (37) respectively. The supply unit supplies water or fuel to the hydrogen generation unit. The controller regulates opening and closing of the valves such that the water supply valve is opened to discharge liquid during shutdown. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electric-power generating system using fuel cell which has a fuel cell connected to an oxygen feed pipe and a hydrogen feed pipe for generating electric power using hydrogen and oxygen; and    (2) operating method for hydrogen generator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the electric-power generation system using fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generating unit (31)    raw-material supply valve (34b)    supply unit (35)    water supply valve (35b)    fuel outlet (37)    fuel exhaust valve (37a)    discharge pipes (37a,40a)    controller (39)
NOVELTY - An alcohol modifying catalyst contains zinc oxide, active ingredient (I) consisting of copper, palladium and/or silver, and active ingredient (II) consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and/or ruthenium.    USE - For alcohol modifier (claimed) used for generating hydrogen gas using alcohol as raw material other than methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The alcohol modifying catalyst provides gas having low carbon monoxide concentration, high hydrogen concentration and reduced by-products. The alcohol modifier consumes less amount of fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for alcohol modifier containing the catalyst, which is mounted on motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of alcohol modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A carbon-type material containing dischargeable hydrogen is arranged in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. A vibration frequency corresponding to intrinsic frequency is provided to one portion of surface of carbon atom present in carbon-type material to obtain hydrogen occluded component.    USE - The hydrogen occluded component is used in hydrogen storage device which supplies hydrogen to electric power generation system e.g. fuel system (all claimed). Hydrogen occluded component is used for carbon nanotube and graphite.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occluded component adsorbs and discharges hydrogen efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen occluded component;    (2) hydrogen desorption method, which involves discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen occluded component;    (3) hydrogen storage device, which has casing containing the carbon-type material, equipped with hydrogen supply port, and vibration supply unit, which provides elastic or electromagnetic wave frequency corresponding to intrinsic frequency of carbon atom in the material; and    (4) electric power generation system, which has hydrogen storage device which supplies hydrogen to fuel cell connected through an electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of adsorbing hydrogen in graphene sheet by providing vibration frequency to the sheet.    hydrogen atom (1)    graphene sheet (2)    carbon atom (3)    transducer (14)
NOVELTY - The slot antennas (5a-5d) have curved openings which extend along lines of magnetic force of microwave (M).    USE - For performing surface wave excitation plasma (SWP) processing such as film forming, etching, and ashing during semiconductor device manufacture. Also used for manufacturing solar cell, liquid crystal display (LCD) and plasma display.    ADVANTAGE - Surface wave energy propagates strongly with respect to the curved openings, thereby achieving equalization of plasma density distribution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a structure of the plasma processing apparatus.    microwave output portion (1)    microwave waveguide (2)    slot antennas (5a-5d)    microwave (M)    plasma (P)    surface wave (S)
NOVELTY - A liquid fuel battery has an integrated structure (4) of an anode (4a), electrolyte layer (4b) and cathode (4c) having a rectangular shape, so that the area of the electrolyte layer is 150-250% w.r.t the area of the cathode. A sealant (8) that covers the liquid fuel storage section is provided at the side of the cathode.    USE - Used as e.g. a lithium ion battery used as a secondary battery in cordless apparatus such as personal computers and mobile phones.    ADVANTAGE - A battery of small size is obtained and leakage of liquid fuel is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view of the liquid fuel battery.    integrated structure (4)    anode (4a)    electrolyte layer (4b)    cathode (4c)    sealant (8)
NOVELTY - Solar cell structure including transparent electrode layer (4), photoelectric conversion layer (5) and electrode layer (6), is formed on amorphous silicon film through a removable metal layer (3). The structure is covered by adhesive layer (7) laminated with solar cell base material (8). The metal layer is selectively etched or pulling force is applied to base material to separate silicon film and base material.    USE - For manufacturing thin film solar cell (claimed) for LCD and plasma display.    ADVANTAGE - Light weight thin film solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low heat resisting property is manufactured easily and reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view illustrating the manufacturing process of the solar cell.    substrate (1)    transparent electrode layers (2,4)    metal layer (3)    photoelectric conversion layer (5)    electrode layer (6)    adhesive layer (7)    solar cell base material (8)
NOVELTY - An organic cyanide compound having an anion (I) is processed at 100 degrees Celsius or less, to obtain an ionic substance.    USE - The ionic substance is used as material for ion conductor used in electrochemical devices, such as primary battery, secondary battery, fuel cell, solar cell, electrochromic display element, electrolytic capacitor and double-layer capacitor, for portable information terminal, portable electronic-device, domestic two-wheeled motor vehicle, electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic substance has excellent ionic conductivity and improved oxidation resistance. It improves the charging and discharging property of batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic cyanide compound having an anion of formula (I) is processed at 100 degrees Celsius or less, to obtain an ionic substance.    X = boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic and/or selenium;    M1, M2 = organic connection group;    Q = organic group;    a = integer greater than 0; and    b-e = 0 or more.
NOVELTY - The lamination sheet (40a) has polypropylene resin sheet (41,44) which is equipped with polyethylene type resin sheet (42,43,45,46) having density of 0.94-0.97 g/cm3 on at least one surface side.    USE - For reverse side protection sheets used in solar cells and solar modules (all claimed) such as photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The lamination sheet has excellent moisture-proof sustainable property, weather resistance and penetration resistance. The sheet is economical and provides solar cell module having excellent shape stability and electrical insulation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) reverse side protection sheet; and    (2) solar cell and solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of structure of lamination sheet.    lamination sheet (40a)    polypropylene resin sheet (41,44)    polyethylene type resin sheet (42,43,45,46)
NOVELTY - A pigment sensitization type solar power element (7) with shape changing function and having 30% or more transmittance relative to visible light, is arranged in surface of a display (2) and operation input portion (1) in a main housing (20).    USE - E.g. mobile phone, radio-pager, cordless telephone, personal digital assistant. Also applicable for non-contact IC card used for ticket gate system used with transport system, motor-vehicle charge collection system installed in highway, telephone card system, product control system used in factory.    ADVANTAGE - The portable communication device with high flexibility and durability is attained reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The power element has a structure containing the electroconductive film, pigment film, eel;electrolyte film laminated on the base material. The pigment film contains ruthenium complex, bipyridyl transition metal complex, merocyanine, perylene tetracarboxylic-acid imide, phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine compound, squarylium, rhodamine, quinacridone, coumarin pigment, anthocyan pigment, methine pigment, porphyrin compound and fruit pigment. The supercharging of the rechargeable battery (5) is performed using electrical energy obtained by converting solar energy by the power element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top views of the portable communication device when it is open and closed. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    operation input portion (1)    display (2)    battery (5)    solar power element (7)    main housing (20)
NOVELTY - An anode (A) contains a light sensitivity substance, which produces electromotive force by absorption of light. Charging is performed, by connecting anode and cathode (B) to external circuit and irradiating light on anode. The cathode and anode stacked through an ionic electrolyte layer (1). The electrolyte layer has porous structure on contacting portion of the anode and cathode.    USE - Optically chargeable lamination type electrical double layer capacitor used as power supply source and also used as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces weight, since light sheet like anode and cathode are used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the optically chargeable lamination type electrical double layer capacitor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    ionic electrolyte layer (1)    porous semiconductor layer (5)    collector (4)    anode (A)    cathode (B)
NOVELTY - The process involves using printing to form a lower electrode (3), compact-substance layer (41), porous layer (42), pigment layer (D), hole carrying layer (5) and upper electrodes (6), to obtain a predetermined shaped portion (X).    USE - Used for manufacturing a solar cell (claimed) used in electronic devices (claimed), e.g. mobile telephones, personal handy systems and calculators.    ADVANTAGE - A solar cell with a good design property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a solar cell; and    (2) an electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (2)    lower electrode (3)    hole carrying layer (5)    upper electrodes (6)    compact-substance layer (41)    porous layer (42)    pigment layer (D)    predetermined shaped portion (X)
NOVELTY - Process for the resistance welding of a foil (3) and a foil support (2) of a fuel cell system comprises moving the foil together with the foil support on a planar supporting element (12, 13) relative to a roller electrode (20).    USE - Used in the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A reliable fuel cell system is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the resistance welding device.    welding component (1)    foil support (2)    foil (3)    supporting element (12, 13)    roller electrode (20)
NOVELTY - Nano-carbon materials are produced by treating starting material and catalyst at 100-800 degrees C while being compressed at 0.2-60 MPa. The catalyst comprises transition metal-containing materials, alumina, silica or silicon carbides. The starting material is converted to supercritical or subcritical fluid while it is contacted with the catalyst.    USE - Producing nano-carbon materials e.g. carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers useful in field emission displays, lithium batteries or hydrogen storage systems.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the production of nano-carbon materials from relatively inexpensive starting material by simple method using inexpensive apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of nano-carbon materials comprises treating starting material and catalyst at 100-800 degrees C while being compressed at 0.2-60 MPa. The starting material comprises compounds such as saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, saturated cyclic hydrocarbons and alcohols whose atomic ratio of carbon to oxygen is more than 2. The catalyst comprises transition metal-containing materials, alumina, silica or silicon carbides. The starting material is converted to supercritical fluid or subcritical fluid while the supercritical fluid or subcritical fluid is contacted with the catalyst to obtain a reaction product containing nano-carbon materials.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an example of the method.
NOVELTY - A heat generator (5) is arranged on the upper surface (2b) of a metal substrate (2) through an insulating film (4). A cover (8) formed with a raw-material inlet (8a) and a gas outlet (8b), is joined to the substrate such that the fine grooves (3) formed in a catalyst (C) is covered.    USE - For modifying raw materials such as methanol and oxidation of carbon monoxide during manufacturing of hydrogen gas used in fuel cell for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The heat transmission efficiency from the heat generated to a catalyst is increased, by using metal substrate with high heat conductivity and low heat capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for micro-reactor manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal sectional view of the micro reactor.    metal substrate (2)    upper surface (2b)    fine grooves (3)    insulating film (4)    heat generator (5)    cover (8)    raw material inlet (8a)    gas outlet (8b)    catalyst (C)
NOVELTY - An ion exchange group is coupled with a catalyst layer (1a) containing a catalyst substance and polyvinylidene fluoride and ion exchange group containing catalyst layer is obtained. The catalyst layer is used as at least one electrode of the electrochemical device comprising anode, cathode and ion exchange membrane between the electrodes.    USE - For manufacture of electrochemical device used in manufacture of direct methanol fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method provides electrochemical device having excellent output efficiency, thermal durability, chemical durability and mechanical durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the manufacturing method of the electrochemical device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst layer (1a)    ion exchange membrane precursor (2a)    joint material (3)    collector (4)    membrane and electrode assembly film (5)
NOVELTY - A porous diffusion media comprises a porous matrix (22) carrying a distribution of water transfer particles defining high and low particle density regions. The regions are alternate across a major planar dimension of the media parallel to major faces of the media. The water transfer particles have small dimensions to permit migration of the water transfer particles through a thickness dimension of the porous matrix.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The diffusion media addresses the water transfer demands at the catalyst layers of a fuel cell, thus avoiding catalyst flooding.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising a porous diffusion media positioned against a catalyst layer (32).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an illustration of a diffusion media positioned against a catalyst layer.    Porous matrix (22)    Hydrophobic material (25)    Catalyst layer (32)
NOVELTY - An electric power generation circuit (104) connects several fuel cells (10a-10n) in parallel with respect to load. The connection and disconnection of each fuel cell are separately performed through respective contact breakers (110a-110n).    USE - Fuel cell unit.    ADVANTAGE - Enables performing efficient and desired electric power generation of fuel cell unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell unit operation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fuel cell unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cells (10a-10n)    electric power generation circuit (104)    contact breakers (110a-110n)
NOVELTY - A catalyst packing/suction opening(s) (54) is connected to suction apparatus (32), and is connected to catalyst packing space (52) of reactor (50), which reforms by contacting fuel and catalyst packed inside. Another catalyst packing/suction opening (56) is connected to catalyst inlet tube (21). Catalyst (40), which operates suction apparatus, and sucked from catalyst inlet tube, is packed to the space of the reactor.    USE - For packing catalyst to reactor used in fuel cell power generating device and fuel reformer or hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is simply packed to the reactor with improved operation efficiency and workability, within a short period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalyst packing/suction opening(s) (54) is connected to a suction apparatus, and is connected to catalyst packing space of reactor, which reforms by contacting fuel and catalyst packed inside. Another catalyst packing/suction opening (56) is connected to a catalyst inlet tube. One opening is occluded, other opening is used for suction. The catalyst, which operates suction apparatus, and sucked from catalyst inlet tube, is packed to the space of the reactor.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for catalyst packing apparatus (30).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of catalyst packing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst inlet tube (21)    catalyst packing apparatus (30)    suction apparatus (32)    catalyst (40)    reactor (50)    catalyst packing space (52)    suction opening (54)    catalyst packing opening (56)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas production apparatus has reaction tank (10), separation tank (20), and occlusion or hydrogen reservoir (30). Reaction tank has heater which heats the catalyst used for dehydrogenating hydrocarbon group fuel. The separation tank separates and ejects hydrogen gas from mixture of gas containing hydrogen gas. The occlusion or hydrogen reservoir discharges heat produced in heater and ejects hydrogen gas from separation tank.    USE - For mounting on vehicles such as electric vehicle and hydrogen-fueled vehicle, and for producing hydrogen gas to internal combustion engines such as fuel cell and gasoline engine.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas production apparatus is lightweight and has excellent occlusion-discharge during emission of heat from heater. Additional amount of heat is not required for hydrogen occlusion of discharge, and produces hydrogen gas efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen gas production apparatus has reaction tank (10), separation tank (20), and occlusion or hydrogen reservoir (30). The reaction is equipped with heater which heats the catalyst used for dehydrogenating hydrocarbon group fuel. The separation tank separates and ejects hydrogen gas from mixture of gas containing hydrogen gas produced after dehydrogenation. The occlusion or hydrogen reservoir discharges heat produced in heater and ejects hydrogen gas form separation tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the hydrogen gas production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction tank (10)    pipings (11,12)    separation tank (20)    occlusion or hydrogen reservoir (30)
NOVELTY - A desulfurization catalyst is obtained by baking catalyst precursor formed using component containing nickel oxide (in mass%) (30-80) and zinc oxide (10-70) with alumina (0.1-40) as nucleus in co-precipitation method. The alumina is chosen from gamma-alumina, beta-alumina and pseudo-boehmite.    USE - For desulfurizing hydrocarbon containing sulfur and fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurization catalyst is suitable for removing the sulfur content efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) desulfurizing method, which involves de-sulfurizing hydrocarbon containing 0.1 mass ppm or less of sulfur; and    (2) fuel cell system, which has desulfurizing apparatus with reaction portion filled with desulfurization catalyst and modifier (7) for modifying desulfurized hydrocarbon to produce fuel gas having hydrogen as main component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell system.    water tank (1)    water pump (2)    fuel tank (3)    desulfurizer (5)    modifier (7)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide (CO)-oxidation catalyst contains manganous oxide, manganic oxide and/or manganous-manganic oxide.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide (CO) contained in reformed gas obtained by steam reforming of methanol, especially used in CO removal apparatus of solid fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has favorable CO oxidation activity. Therefore, CO contained in the gas is efficiently oxidized at low temperature. Since the catalyst selectively oxidizes CO, the concentration of CO in reformed gas is decreased without consuming hydrogen of reformed gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon monoxide (CO)-oxidation catalyst contains manganous oxide (MnO), manganic oxide (Mn2O3) and/or manganous-manganic oxide (Mn3O4). The CO oxidation catalyst further contains microparticle of noble metals chosen from platinum, ruthenium, palladium and/or their alloys.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of CO oxidation catalyst.
NOVELTY - Several airtight containers (6) are provided at connection place of hydrogen supply piping (3) and valve (4). A pressure sensor (7) detects the pressure change in airtight container. A bad odor gas is released outside, when pressure rise in the container is detected.    USE - For fuel cell-powered electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - By releasing bad odor gas during detection of hydrogen gas, sufficient safety is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of the hydrogen supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen supply apparatus (1)    Hydrogen supply piping (3)    Valve (4)    Airtight containers (6)    Pressure sensor (7)
NOVELTY - A device-functional layer, e.g. an integrated solar-cell structure layer (4), is formed on a removable metal layer (14) formed on a laminated circuit board (10). A flexible thin-film base material layer (1) is formed on the device-functional layer through an adhesive layer (2). The device-functional layer and base-material layer are separated from the laminated board by selectively etching the metal layer.    USE - Used for manufacturing a flexible thin film device, such as a thin film solar cell mounted on the roof of a motor vehicle or a carport, or a thin film liquid crystal device and thin film plasma display device.    ADVANTAGE - Since the removable metal layer is removed by selective etching, without applying physical strength, the generation of micro-crack is prevented, at the time of separation of the thin film device from the laminated board, hence improves reliability of the thin film device effectively. The manufacturing cost of the thin film device is reduced, as the laminated board can be re-used several times.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell.    thin film base material (1)    adhesive layer (2)    integrated solar cell structure layer (4)    laminated circuit board (10)    support board (11)    oxide conductive layer (12)    removable metal layer (14)
NOVELTY - A method of normal temperature storage of hydrogen involves adding a powder-form ceramic to liquid hydrogen (solvent), then raising the boiling point and preserving hydrogen as a liquid hydrogen solution.    USE - For storing hydrogen under normal temperature, useful as an energy source, and as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel method enables effective storage of hydrogen under normal temperature.
NOVELTY - Photoelectric-conversion apparatus consists of substrate (1), grain-shaped crystal semiconductors (2), insulator (3), semiconductor layer (4) and electrode (II) (5). Semiconductors are arranged on substrate. The layer (4) is provided on semiconductor, and packs insulator between semiconductors. The electrode (II) is provided at layer (4). The insulator consists of polyimide.    USE - For generating solar power.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric-conversion apparatus has high reliability and productivity. The photoelectric-conversion apparatus is easily, effectively and inexpensively manufactured. The photoelectric conversion apparatus prevents excessive etching of grain-shaped crystal semiconductor circumference during wet etching.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photoelectric-conversion apparatus consists of a substrate (1), grain-shaped crystal semiconductors (2), insulator (3), semiconductor layer (4) and electrode (II) (5). Grain-shaped crystal semiconductors exhibit specific conductivity, and are arranged on the substrate used as an electrode (I) and joined with the substrate. The semiconductor layer exhibits reverse conductivity, and is provided on the semiconductor. The semiconductor layer packs insulator between the semiconductors. The electrode (II) is connected and provided at the semiconductor layer. The insulator consists of polyimide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the photoelectric-conversion apparatus.    Substrate (1)    Grain-shaped crystal semiconductor (2)    Insulator (3)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Electrode (5)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module has double-sided light incidence type solar batteries (6) arranged between a transparent substrate (1) and a reverse side material (5). An acrylic resin light guide plate (7) is arranged between the solar batteries and reverse side material and the end face of the guide plate is inclined at an angle ranging between 20-70degrees.    USE - Solar cell module using double-sided light incidence type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The light guide plate prevents escape of sunlight irradiated on the plate, to exterior. Hence, the electric power generation of the solar cell module is improved effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module.    transparent substrate (1)    reverse side material (5)    solar batteries (6)    acrylic resin light guide plate (7)    sunlight (14)
NOVELTY - An ejector (11) using water vapor as drive fluid, is arranged in a gas line between a modifier (1) and an anode waste gas line (15) of a fuel cell (7). The water vapor is supplied from a steam generator (25) provided at a combustor (9) which burns the anode waste gas.    USE - For electric power generation using fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ejector arrangement in the gas line between the modifier and the fuel cell, decreases highest pressure in the electric power generation system. The electric power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier produces reformed gas by reacting the hydrocarbon group fuel and water vapor ejected from the steam generator. A carbon monoxide (CO) shift device (3) reduces CO in the reformed gas. A CO selective oxidation device (5) performs selective oxidation of the CO in the reformed gas ejected from the shift device. The reformed gas and the oxygen are reacted to produce electric power. The ejector is arranged between the CO selective oxidation device and fuel cell, or between the modifier and CO shift device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell type electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    CO shift device (3)    CO selective oxidation device (5)    fuel cell (7)    combustor (9)    ejector (11)    anode waste gas line (15)    steam generator (25)
NOVELTY - A negative voltage is applied to an electroconductive base material, which is in a hydrocarbon plasma. A high voltage pulse is applied to the base material, and a hydrocarbon radical and an ion are deposited. The surface layer of the base material is irradiated with electron with high energy, and the surface layer is changed to activated and high temperature state. Thus, an amorphous carbon film is manufactured.    USE - For high-conductivity amorphous carbon film base material composite for high conductivity component for electrodes and switch contacts (all claimed) and for fuel cell separate board.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method provides amorphous carbon film having excellent electroconductivity and high corrosion resistance. The amorphous charcoal raw thin film has excellent adhesion with base material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) high-conductivity amorphous carbon film base material composite;    (2) high conductivity component for electrodes; and    (3) high conductivity component for switch contacts.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the amorphous carbon film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    sample container (1)    vacuum pump (2)    flow meter (4)    high frequency power supply (5)    main valve (6)
NOVELTY - A charge-transport property material contains a carbazole compound (I) having specific repeating units.    USE - For organic electronic device, such as electrophotographic photoreceptor, organic electroluminescent element, photo refractive element, electrochromic element, photosensor and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The charge-transport property material has favorable film-forming property and charge transport property, and excellent stability. An electronic device is manufactured economically by using charge-transport property material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A charge-transport property material contains a carbazole compound having repeating units of formula (I).    Ar = (un)substituted arylene group in which number of carbon atom with respect to conjugated bond is 6-60, or (un)substituted heterocyclic compound group in which number of carbon atom with respect to conjugated bond is 4-60; and    R = H, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 1-20C alkylthio, 1-60C alkyl silyl group, 1-40C alkylamino, 6-60C aryl, 6-60C aryloxy, 7-60C arylalkyl, 7-60C aryl alkoxy, 8-60C aryl alkenyl, 6-60C aryl amino group, 4-60C heterocyclic compound group, cyano group, nitro group and/or halogen atom.
NOVELTY - Dipyridyl benzothiadiazole derivatives (A) are new.    USE - (A) And (B) are used as fluorescence agents, electron transport agents, n-type semiconductors, photocatalysts, metal ligands, proton acceptors, solar cell material and electrochromic material.    ADVANTAGE - The dipyridyl benzothiadiazole derivatives (A) and dipyridyl bisbenzothiadiazole derivatives (B) have high electron affinity and quantum yield, and shows blue fluorescence light emission even in solid state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Dipyridyl benzothiadiazole derivatives (A) of formula (I) or (II) are new;    R1-R5 = H or alkyl; and    R6 = alkyl, benzyl or trimethyl silyl.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for dipyridyl bisbenzothiadiazole derivatives (B) of formulae (III) or (IV).    R1-R6 = as defined above.
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer has electrode (I) (1) having light transmittance, electronic transport-electric charge separated layer (A) (2) formed on electrode (I), electrolyte layer (3) in contact with layer (A) and electrode (II) (4) contacting the electrolyte layer. The electrolyte layer contains potential inclined dendrimer (51) and oxidation-reduction material (31).    USE - For solar cell (claimed) such as pigment sensitizing-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, high discharge pressure, and short circuit voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of optoelectric transducer, which involves forming electronic transport-electric charge separated layer and the electrolyte layer between electrodes (I and II); and    (2) solar cell, which has the optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the outline structure of the optoelectric transducer.    Electrode (I) (1)    Electronic transport-electric charge separated layer (2)    Electrolyte layer (3)    Electrode (II) (4)    Electric-charge amplification layer (5)    Electron carrying layer (21)    Pigment (22)    Oxidation-reduction material (31)    Potential inclined dendrimer (51)
NOVELTY - Flat-plate slot antenna (103) introduces microwave in discharge space of apparatus through dielectric window (104). The process gas supply manifold (107) has a number of hollow units which are arranged in parallel at the surface of the discharge space side of the dielectric window, to provide several gas passages. The deposition film is formed on the substrate (108) by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition.    USE - For forming deposition film such as insulating film, optical thin film by plasma-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, on substrate to form semiconductor device such as thin film transistor used in liquid crystal display, to form solar cell, photoconductive drum of copier, image sensor for facsimile.    ADVANTAGE - Generation and crystallization of deposition film on the window surface are prevented effectively. High microwave power is stably transmitted to the discharge space for a longer time, reducing homogeneous plasma. Deposition film with high quality and uniformity is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a deposition film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Flat-plate slot antenna (103)    Dielectric window (104)    Gas supply manifold (107)    Substrate (108)
NOVELTY - Photodiode comprises a photoactive layer (4) having electron donating material(s), and fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative has a carbon cluster of at least70 atoms and addend(s) bound to the carbon cluster. The addend is selected so that the fullerene derivative is compatible with the electron donating material.    USE - The photodiode is used for generating electricity from solar light. It is used in solar panel, photo detector, or light intensity meter. (All claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The fullerene derivative improves the photo-voltaic effect in the photo-active layer of the photodiode, increases photo-voltaic power conversion efficiency, and improves light absorbing and/or electron accepting properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for preparing a photodiode comprising forming a photo-active layer by applying a sub-layer having electron donating material(s) to a substrate and applying a separate sub-layer having fullerene derivative(s) to the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic representation of a photodiode.    Transparent layer (1)    Electrodes (2, 6)    Photoactive layer (4)    Lithium fluoride layer (5)
NOVELTY - Resilient channel configurations (7, 7') seal openings (4) and/or are provided in an electrically-active region of the fuel cell stack.    USE - A high temperature fuel cell system, and in particular a configuration suitable for sealing and resisting temperature cycling.    ADVANTAGE - Secure sealing of the openings in a fuel cell stack is achieved at minimal cost. Ceramic fuel cells are pressed uniformly by the bordering layers. They are durably sealed against the individual gas spaces. Mixing of the gaseous media is efficiently prevented. Temperature fluctuations do not affect the sealing function. The sealing system also conveniently accommodates manufacturing tolerances. Temperatures exceeding 500 degreesC are cited.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross section of an implementation is provided.    ceramic fuel cell(4) openings (2)    stressing direction (6)    resilient channel configurations (7, 7')    electrically-active region (10)
NOVELTY - The fluid or fluid mixture, and the gas or vapor (10), pass through separate chambers (15, 16) inside a casing (14). The chambers are separated by a porous partition (12).    USE - A unit evaporating hydrocarbons using superheated steam, for reforming to produce hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon, e.g. petrol or diesel fuel, is evaporated gently, in the sense that it is heated uniformly and intimately by superheated steam. Local hot spots are prevented. Breakdown of the hydrocarbons to unwanted nuisance byproducts is avoided. Thus thermal cracking, carbon formation, coking and fouling are avoided. Heating may be augmented or controlled by passing a current through the partition. Electrical heating or a burner is used to generate steam in the same casing. Substances other than those cited here, possibly also sensitive to thermal decomposition, may be evaporated similarly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas or vapor is superheated steam. The porous partition and the casing conduct electricity. A heater cartridge is arranged in the casing. There are numbers of chambers in the casing with porous partitions separating them. Mixing takes place through the porous partition, which is permeable to the gaseous- (superheated steam) or vapor substance. This is under pressure. On passing through the partition, the pressure drop causes evaporation. Voltage applied to the partition causes heating. The fluid or fluid mixture comprises fluid hydrocarbons. Superheated steam used, is produced by combustion of the hydrocarbon or by electrical heating. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - One of a number of implementations is depicted in cross section.    gas or vapor (10)    porous partition (12)    casing (14)    separate chambers (15, 16)
NOVELTY - The device has a meter (13) connected to individual or grouped cell conductive areas to measure the voltage and impedance of individual or grouped cells changes in the measurement. A monitor coupling the meter reports on the performance of a fuel cell stack (10) on a display e.g. PDA, based on the measurements of individual or grouped cells. A matrix array of opto isolators with no common ground is employed by the meter.    USE - Used for monitoring performance of fuel cell such as proton exchange membrane, phosphoric acid and molten carbonate fuel cell for diagnostic or control purpose in electric vehicle, residential cogeneration, power generation, uninterrupted power supply (UPS), backup power, battery replacement, battery charging and portable power.    ADVANTAGE - The device allows dynamic performance measurements of individual or grouped cells of fuel stack e.g. current voltage relationship, voltage current relationship, voltage transient response, and voltage frequency response. The device performs measurements at a multitude of points around the perimeter of individual cells or cell groups, thereby providing a non invasive method of determining a disproportionate current density distribution across the plane of an individual cell or cell group. The device can instruct an apparatus to electrically isolate individual cells or cell groups which could compromise the performance of the entire fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of a monitoring arrangement.    Fuel cell stack (10)    Multiple conductor signal path (12)    Meter (13)    Electrical signal path (14)    Monitor (15)
NOVELTY - The dimethyl-ether-type fuel cell (1) has a dimethyl ether storage portion (4) and an anode portion (5) operated by a fuel-closed system. The dimethyl ether is supplied as fuel to the anode portion.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The dimethyl-ether-type fuel cell is eco-friendly and has excellent storage stability, durability and safety. The fuel cell performs highly efficient operation by maintaining predetermined pressure of anode portion without using assistant machines such as heating apparatus and pressurization apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of a dimethyl-ether-type fuel cell.    Dimethyl-ether-type fuel cell (1)    Fuel storage portion (4)    Anode portion (5)    Polymeric electrolyte film (6)    Cathode portion (7)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has sequential formation of fuel lateral electrode (33b), solid electrolyte (33c) and oxygen lateral electrode (33d), on support material (33a). Support material contains oxide of iron-group metal and/or iron-group metal. Dimensions of support material before and after heat-processing at 1000 degreesC reducing environment, are set to L1 and L2, respectively. Ratio of difference between L2 and L1, and L1 is 1-0.05 to 0.05%.    USE - As fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has high reliability, and enables the control of thermal expansion coefficient of support material. The dimensional change of support material is reduced, and generation of crack in the electrolyte surface is prevented. The support material has improved electroconductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for multiple fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional perspective diagram of fuel cell.    Fuel cell (33)    Support material (33a)    Fuel lateral electrode (33b)    Solid electrolyte (33c)    Oxygen lateral electrode (33d)
NOVELTY - A middle board (3) with an opening (5) at its upstream side and heat transfer surface to transfer heat of hot fluid, is arranged in the space between the two hot plates (2) which form opposing heating surface.    USE - For fuel reformation-type fuel cell used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improves heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator in total-heat flux area of the heating surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional and schematic views of an evaporator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Evaporator (1)    Hot plates (2)    Middle board (3)    Thermometer (4)    Opening (5)    Hollow portion (8)
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises noble metals components held on an inorganic oxide support. 30% (mole conversion) or more of the noble metal components exists within 0.15 mm from the support surface and 70% (mole conversion) or more of the noble metal components exist within 0.3 mm from the support surface.    USE - Used for hydrocarbon modification (claimed), steam modification, self-thermal reforming, partial oxidation modification, and carbon dioxide modification of hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE - A highly active catalyst for hydrocarbon modification is provided by uneven distribution of noble metal components on a support surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrocarbon modification using the above catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the catalyst for hydrocarbon modification and relation between width direction and X-ray intensity. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The cylindrical carbon compound is oxidized using strong acid, and heated to obtain hydrogen occlusion material.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen occlusion material used as hydrogen gas supply for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method efficiently provides hydrogen occlusion material having excellent hydrogen occlusion ability. Impurities such as hydrocarbons adhered to the surface of cylindrical carbon compounds, are easily removed. Occlusion and discharge of hydrogen gas is easily performed at room temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen occlusion material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the relationship between the concentration (N) of sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and hydrogen occlusion amount or pore volume. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Internal modifying-type fuel cell has electric-power generating cell, several separators (8) laminated on power generating cell, and porous material (19) supporting hydrocarbon modified catalyst, in fuel gas route (9) of separator. Power generating cell has fuel-electrode layer and air electrode layer on solid-electrolyte layer. Modification reaction is performed by catalyst, before fuel gas reaches fuel-electrode layer.    USE - As internal modifying-type fuel cell, such as solid oxide-type fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The internal modifying-type fuel cell performs modification reaction in the separator, without interfering with the flow of fuel gas. Joule heating of the power generating cell is prevented, without employing a complicated cooling mechanism, and carbon precipitation by unmodified gas is also avoided. The separator ensures a favorable gas passageway, thereby performing stable electric power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An internal modifying-type fuel cell has an electric-power generating cell, several separators laminated alternately on the power generating cell, and a porous material supporting hydrocarbon modified catalyst, arranged in the fuel gas route of the separator. The power generating cell comprises a fuel-electrode layer and an air electrode layer on both surfaces of a solid-electrolyte layer. Gas for reaction is supplied to each electrode layer through the separator. Modification reaction is performed by hydrocarbon modification catalyst, before the fuel gas reaches the fuel-electrode layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the separator used in the internal modifying-type fuel cell.    separator (8)    fuel gas route (9)    oxidizing-agent gas channel (10)    gas introducing hole (13)    porous material (19)
NOVELTY - A grease composition contains 1-10 mass% of metal dithiophosphate and/or metal dithiocarbamate, and 0.2-2 mass% of a compound chosen from benzotriazole, indazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, benzimidazole and/or thiadiazole or their derivatives.    USE - For rolling bearing and pumping machines of fuel cell systems (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The grease composition has excellent rust-proof property, corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance, and improves life span of pumping machine and rolling bearing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) rolling bearing containing grease composition which has a number of rolling elements rollably maintained between inner and outer rings via a holder;    (b) pumping machine having above rolling bearing; and    (c) fuel cell system which has above pumping machine, a fuel cell stack and fluids.
NOVELTY - The modifier (1) has an evaporator (10) consisting of an U-shaped connection path (12) connecting an evaporation portion (14) and a super heating portion (15). A communication path (16) formed using a bellow pipe (18), is provided with a guide. A heat conduction fin is provided in the evaporation portion.    USE - For generating reformed gas for fuel cell in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents liquid jump in super heating portion during fluid flow from evaporation portion, by guide in communication path. The thermal stress of the bellow pipe is relieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the modifier.    Modifier (1)    Evaporator (10)    U-shaped connection path (12)    Evaporation portion (14)    Super heating portion (15)    Communication path (16)    Bellow pipe (18)
NOVELTY - The low carbon monoxide reformed gas manufacturing apparatus has an unit for supplying hydrocarbon-type fuel in liquid state, an unit for supplying water in liquid state, and a supercritical modification reaction device containing a modification catalyst. The hydrocarbon-type fuel is reacted with super critical or sub-critical water in the presence of modification catalyst, and low carbon monoxide reformed gas is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing low carbon monoxide reformed gas used for fuel reforming system for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing apparatus of low carbon monoxide reformed gas is compact, and effectively modifies hydrocarbon-type fuel such as gasoline and light oil at low temperature. The nitrogen dilution and production of byproduct of carbon monoxide are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of low carbon monoxide reformed gas, which involves reacting hydrocarbon-type fuel and super critical or sub-critical water in the presence of modification catalyst; and    (2) fuel reforming system for fuel cell. The fuel reforming system has fuel cell, moisture content recovering unit, waste water ingredient combustor, pressure recovery unit, moisture content removal unit and low carbon monoxide reformed gas manufacturing apparatus. The low carbon monoxide reformed gas and air are sequentially passed through moisture content removal unit and fuel cell. The reformed gas ejected from fuel cell is burned in waste water ingredient combustor. The modification reaction device is heated using combustion heat. The moisture content ejected from fuel cell and/or combustor is collected, and recycled for manufacturing reformed gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A raw material containing borate is hydrogenated by supplying a gas containing hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and gas of oxygen acceptable component (which accepts oxygen ion of borate).    USE - For manufacturing tetrahydro borate such as sodium borohydride used as reducing agent or hydrogenating agent for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogenation of borate is carried out effectively and economically under mild conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of tetrahydro borate applied to the system, which regenerates fuel of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electric vehicle (10)    fuel liquid manufacturing area (11)    replenishment area (12)
NOVELTY - A substrate (11) whose circumference is maintained at a constant pressure is heated, after which source gas containing silicon atom-containing gas and hydrogen gas is supplied w.r.t. the substrate. A plasma containing chemical components is formed by applying high-frequency electric power to the region opposing the substrate. An iron atom-containing gas is supplied w.r.t. the substrate.    USE - Used for forming an iron silicide film in solar cells with optoelectric transducers.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality iron silicide film in a solar cell is formed, efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an iron silicide film formation apparatus;    (2) optoelectric transducer manufacture; and    (3) solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    solar cell (10)    substrate (11)    metal electrode layer (12)    transparent electrode layer (16)    pin junction (100)
NOVELTY - The substrate (1) is curved so that one main surface of the substrate is concaved/convexed, when the line thermal expansion coefficient of substrate is smaller/larger than line thermal expansion coefficient of vapor deposited film on the substrate.    USE - For forming thin film continuously on substrate used in electronic device, e.g. for formation of semiconductor layer in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses bending of substrate after formation of the thin film. Prevents contamination on reverse side of the substrate. Increases productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for vapor deposition apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of vapor deposition apparatus.    Substrate (1)    Metal sources (2-4)    Vapor deposition unit (5)    Substrate unwinding unit (6)
NOVELTY - The quadrangular-pyramid shaped gas blowing holes are formed on both the side-surfaces of the gas blowing structure (43) opposed to the catalyst element (44) installed in the reaction chamber (40), to blow gas to substrate through the catalyst element for forming film in the substrate.    USE - Hot wire chemical vapor deposition apparatus for forming film such as amorphous-silicon film on substrate for manufacture of electrophotographic photoreceptor or photoconductive drum, solar cell, image sensor, optical sensor and thin film transistor (TFT).    ADVANTAGE - Uniform film is formed in the substrate by simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of a hot wire chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    Hot wire chemical vapor deposition apparatus (38)    Reaction chamber (40)    Support (41)    Gas blowing structure (43)    Catalyst element (44)
NOVELTY - A granular silicon (106) is heated in controlled atmosphere containing reactive gas, such that a silicon compound film (110) is formed on its surface. The granular silicon is then melted, solidified by cooling, annealed and crystallized. The annealing is carried out at 1000-1380degreesC for 30 minutes-24 hours, in controlled atmosphere of 25% or less of oxygen partial pressure. Thus, granular silicon crystal is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing granular silicon crystal (claimed) used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High quality granular silicon crystal is manufactured stably and economically in high yield. Highly efficient and reliable solar cell having high electrical property is formed using the silicon crystal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A granular silicon is heated in a controlled atmosphere containing reactive gas, such that a silicon compound film is formed on its surface. The granular silicon is then melted, solidified by cooling, annealed and crystallized. The annealing is carried out at 1000-1380degreesC for 30 minutes-24 hours, in controlled atmosphere of 25% or less of oxygen partial pressure. Thus, granular silicon crystal containing oxygen concentration of 2x10 power 18 atoms/cc or less, is manufactured.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for granular crystal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows solar cell produced using the granular silicon crystal. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    granular silicon (106)    metal substrate (107)    joining layer (108)    insulating layer (109)    silicon film (110)
NOVELTY - An optical semiconductor element has a heterojunction formed by laminating an polythiophene semiconductor that includes phthalocyanine with an inorganic n-type semiconductor obtained by doping titanium dioxide with a small amount of niobium, tantalum or by introducing oxygen deficiency.    USE - Used as e.g. a photoconductive cell, photodiode or ultraviolet sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The element detects ultraviolet rays having high sensitivity and selectively, providing a convenient and low cost ultraviolet sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the band structure of the ultraviolet sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Solar cell module (1) has an electricity generating element (2) and filler material arranged between a reinforcing sheet (4) and a protective layer. The reinforcing sheet is bent at region in which electricity generating element is not arranged. A shading metallic foil (3) is arranged in the bent region, between filler material and protective layer.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Even if a cloudiness arises in the bent portion of the reinforcing sheet, visual shielding of the cloudiness is given by the shielding foil.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell module.    solar cell module (1)    electricity generating element (2)    shading foil (3)    reinforcing sheet (4)
NOVELTY - A detector (62) detects a gas supply rate, generated power and exhaust heat from an electric power generation system. An arithmetic processor (58) calculates the supply energy, power generation energy and exhaust heat energy based on the detection results. An efficiency determination unit (59) determines the power generation efficiency based on the calculated results to determine the profit.    USE - Used for power generation for residential building and other buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The system reduces the processing burden for information management while providing useful information to the user through the Internet and enables the use of exhaust heat from the electric power generation system for water supply or air conditioning installation in buildings.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the co-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Internet (20)    arithmetic processor (58)    efficiency determination unit (59)    information memory (60)    profit determination unit (61)    detector (62)
NOVELTY - The separator (1) is obtained by molding an electroconductive gas-flowing material to predetermined shape.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed) used in internal combustion engine of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is economical, and has excellent impact strength, electroconductivity, heat resistance, gas-cut-off property and high elasticity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of separator (1); and    (2) fuel cell (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the outline structure of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    separator (1)    solid polymer electrolyte film (2)    gas diffusion electrode (3)    gas passageway (4)    fuel cell (20)
NOVELTY - A heater (33) heats the diffusion rate limiting area through which the gas to be detected is passed through, into the test chamber.    USE - Gas sensor e.g. hydrogen gas sensor (claimed) for measuring hydrogen gas concentration in fuel cell like polymer electrolyte type fuel cell for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Detects concentration of hydrogen gas accurately.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial sectional view of the gas sensor.    Element assembly (10)    Case (31)    Heater (33)    Retainer (35)    Filter (39)
NOVELTY - A distortion or defect is introduced to crystal lattice of a metal material. The metal material is subsequently polished electrolytically to form a fine structure consisting of metal microparticle.    USE - For forming fine structure having metal microparticle material used for catalyst, fuel cell, electronic device and magnetic device.    ADVANTAGE - The fine structure of metal microparticle is formed effectively and inexpensively.
NOVELTY - The semiconductor contains monomethine compound (1).    USE - For photoelectric conversion material, optoelectric transducer and solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor provides solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor contains monomethine compound of formula Q=CH-A (1).    A = 5- or 6- membered aromatic carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring;    Q = group providing visible or near-infrared ray absorbing power to the compound, and has at least one -COOM group via direct or connecting group; and    M = hydrogen atom or salt having cation.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) optoelectric transducer containing semiconductor provided on electroconductive support; and    (2) solar cell having optoelectric transducer, charge transferring layer and counter electrode.
NOVELTY - A filter medium consists of a porous ion exchanger having porosity of 50% or more. At least one portion of pore of ion exchanger forms continuous connection spaces.    USE - For filter used for purifying gas or liquid used for fuel cell mounted on motor vehicles (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The filter medium has high strength, desalting capability for long period of time, and shape stability. The damage of filter medium in harsh environment such as frequency condition and freezing-dry condition, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) filter (61-66) for fuel cell (1) having filter medium packed inside the container of predetermined shape; and    (2) porous ion exchanger, which consists of cross-linked copolymer having structural unit of formula (4) and/or (5).    A' = 3-8C linear or branched alkylene group or 4-8C alkylene oxy methylene group;    R1-R3 = H, 4C or less alkyl group or hydroxyalkyl group; and    X- = counter anion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the filter using the filter medium.    fuel cell (1)    air electrode (2)    fuel electrode (3)    filter (61-66)
NOVELTY - A conjugated polymer composition contains precursor polymer having specific repeating unit, and a photobase generator.    USE - For forming pattern (claimed). The conjugated polymer is used for organic electroluminescent, microelectronics, electro optics, photoelectron engineering, nuclear center material of photonics and organic electronic devices such as memory device, sensor and solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - The conjugated polymer composition forms pattern efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A conjugated polymer composition contains precursor polymer having specific repeating unit, and a photobase generator.    R = bivalent monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, bivalent polycyclic-type aromatic hydrocarbon, bivalent non-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon or bivalent monocyclic-heterocyclic unsaturated group containing heterogenous element(s); and    X = bromine, chlorine or iodine.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for pattern formation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model of pattern formation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Interconnect device (3) for fuel cell comprises channels system with channels, and second layer of channels. Each channel is closed in one end and has an inlet side or outlet side at the open end of the channel. Each channel has inlet side in alternating order with a channel having outlet side. The inlet side of each channel is in consecutive order on one side of the interconnect.    USE - For fuel cell, e.g. solid oxide fuel cells or molten carbonate fuel cell or fuel cell stacks (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention decreases endothermic reforming of hydrocarbons, thus increases the temperature of fuel cell in the fuel-inlet area. It provides lower temperature gradients and acceptable tensile strength. It minimizes operation cost of the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Interconnect device for fuel cell comprises channels system with channels, and second layer of channels. Each channel is closed in one end and has an inlet side or outlet side at the open end of the channel. Each channel has inlet side in alternating order with a channel having outlet side. The inlet side of each channel is in consecutive order on one side of the interconnect. The outlet side of each channel is placed in consecutive order on the opposite side of the interconnect relative to the inlet side. The second layer of channels is on the surface of the channel system. The fuel cell comprises electrolyte, anode and cathode    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show an interconnect device with open gas supply and collection channels.    Supply holes (1)    Supply channel (2)    Interconnect device (3)    Collection channel (4)    Exit hole (5)
NOVELTY - A direct methanol fuel cell apparatus has fuel container containing methanol in water at first concentration; anode adjacent the container; proton exchange membrane adjacent the anode; cathode adjacent the proton exchange membrane; oxygen supply adjacent the cathode; and cartridge coupled with the container and contains fluid comprising methanol in water at higher second concentration.    USE - Used in small electronic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is smaller thus achieving reduction in cost as well as improvements in performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for use with the inventive fuel cell comprising bringing the first solution of methanol in water into contact with an anode, bringing oxygen into contact with cathode, and bringing a cartridge into coupling with the container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the inventive fuel cell using a recharging cartridge and a pushing pin.
NOVELTY - A reformer is operated by combusting the oxidant and the fuel in the reformer to produce a combustion gas; passing the combustion gas through the reformer catalyst; extinguishing the combustion; and introducing additional fuel and oxidant to the reformer at an air to fuel weight ratio appropriate for reforming to produce a reformats.    USE - Operating a fuel reformer used in converting a hydrocarbon-based fuel to hydrogen and carbon monoxide for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the production of reformate that reduces cold start emissions and/or regenerates an exhaust control device. It allows the reduction of time required by the reformer to reach an operational temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Operation of reformer comprises:    (a) introducing oxidant and fuel to a reformer at space velocity at least 25000/hour;    (b) combusting the oxidant and the fuel in the reformer to produce a combustion gas, wherein the reformer comprises a reformer substrate comprising a reformer catalyst and where the reformer substrate has a thermal conductivity of at least 35 W/m degrees K;    (c) passing the combustion gas through the reformer catalyst;    (d) extinguishing the combustion; and    (e) introducing additional fuel and oxidant to the reformer at an air to fuel weight ratio appropriate for reforming to produce a reformate.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method for operating a vehicle utilizing this method;    (2) a method of reducing cold start exhaust gas emissions from an internal combustion engine comprising:    (a) operating the reformer;    (b) directing the reformate along with source of oxygen into an internal combustion engine and/or an exhaust control device; and    (c) combusting the reformate and source of oxygen for a time to increase the temperature of the internal combustion engine and/or exhaust control device.
NOVELTY - Structured material with dynamic change in refractive index is formed by combining an amphiphilic and self-assembled block copolymer, functioning as a structure-directing agent, with a self-assembled and polymerized inorganic compound of a multivalent metal species; and partially filling the resulting structured inorganic-organic composite with a material having a dipole moment that is variable responsive to a predetermined stimulus.    USE - For forming structured material, e.g. titania, zirconia, niobium (V) oxide, tantalum (V) oxide, alumina, silica, tungsten oxide, hafnium oxide, silicon aluminates, aluminum titanate, zirconium titanate, or silicon titanate, for lens (claimed). The structured material can also be used in forming films, fibers, or monoliths; or used in catalysis, molecular separations, fuel cells, optoelectronic devices, chemical and biological sensors; or as adsorbents.    ADVANTAGE - The structured material provides excellent access to the mesopore surfaces for catalytic, sorption, catalysis, separation, and sensor arrays applications. It can be formed into crack-free films, fibers, or monoliths. It is thermally stable in boiling water, has high Brunauer Emmett Teller surface area, has degree of order in 100-200 Angstrom length scale range, extremely large surface areas, low dielectric constants, large anisotropy, can incorporate very large host molecules, and can retain thermal stability and transparency at fully densified silicates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures are powder X-ray diffraction patterns of as-synthesized and calcined mesoporous silica prepared using the amphiphilic polyoxyalkylene block copolymer.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system is provided, to prevent the decrease of fuel efficiency due to the unnecessary excess supply of fuel and to reduce a methanol crossover, thereby improving the efficiency and lifetime of a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system comprises a liquid fuel supply device (5); a stack containing fuel cells having a polymer electrolyte membrane; a carbon dioxide gauge (6) which is placed at the outlet (7) of fuel, and collects the carbon dioxide generated after an anode reaction to detect it; and a controller which controls the amount of the fuel supplied according to the amount of the carbon dioxide detected at the carbon dioxide gauge. Preferably the liquid fuel is methanol, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. The controller reacts to the amount of the carbon dioxide detected at the carbon dioxide gauge to control the supply of liquid fuel via the fuel supply device to be reduced when the amount of carbon dioxide is determined to be small.
NOVELTY - The rolling support apparatus (10) has pair of track component (11) and/or rolling components (12) made of bake-proof material containing alloyed steel. The steel comprises (in weight%) carbon (0.3-1.1), silicon (0.15-1.5), chromium (0.5-1.8), manganese (0.15-1.8) and remainder iron. The components are carbonitrided, hardened and tempered at 200 degreesC or more such that surface contains 0.08-0.91 wt.% of silicon and nitrogen.    USE - For fuel cells, compressor and water vapor pumping machine.    ADVANTAGE - The rolling support apparatus has excellent durability, and mixing of gas, water vapor and water is suitable at high temperature and high-speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The rolling support apparatus has rolling components arranged between pair of track component. A pair of track component and/or rolling components is made of bake-proof material containing alloyed steel. The steel comprises (in weight%) carbon (0.3-1.1), silicon (0.15-1.5), chromium (0.5-1.8) and manganese (0.15-1.8) and remainder iron. The components are carbonitrided, hardened and tempered at 200 degreesC or more such that surface contains 0.08-0.91 wt.% of silicon and nitrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of a scroll-type compressor incorporated with rolling support apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Scroll-type compressor (1)    Rolling support apparatus (10)    Track components (11)    Rolling components (12)    Sealing unit (S)
NOVELTY - The system has a stand (2) which is mounted on the surface of the roof of a building. A solar cell module (1) is fixed on the stand. A group of plants are arranged adjacent to the side face of the stand, such that the height of the plants, is less than the height of the light receiving surface of the solar cell.    USE - Eco-friendly solar cell system is used in building or house.    ADVANTAGE - The reduction in the generation of electric power, due to the shadow of the plants, and the influence of wind pressure, is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of an ecofriendly solar cell system.    Solar cell module (1)    Stand (2)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generation plant (4) produces hydrogen-rich fuel gas from original gas, by receiving vapor generated from nuclear reactor (5) of power generation plant (3).    USE - Electric power and hydrogen gas generation plant for generating electric power and hydrogen gas using fuel cell power generation plant and hydrogen burning power generation plant used in electric power industry and vehicle industry.    ADVANTAGE - The plant efficiently produces hydrogen-rich fuel reformed gas from original fuel, by using the vapor generated in power generation plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline diagram of electric power generation plant.    heat exchangers (1-2)    power generation plant (3)    hydrogen gas generation plant (4)    nuclear reactor (5)
NOVELTY - A dehydrogenation catalyst (11) comprises a catalyst (11b) supported in a transition metal group porous material (11a).    USE - For dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon group fuel of electric vehicle and hydrogen fueled engine vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The dehydrogenation catalyst has high hydrogen production efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of dehydrogenation catalyst which involves supplying fiber catalyst ground material obtained by grinding noble metal supported activated carbon fiber, in a liquid, applying the obtained slurry to transition metal group porous material, and baking the porous material in an inert atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of dehydrogenation catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    dehydrogenation catalyst (11)    porous material (11a)    catalyst (11b)    base material (11c)
NOVELTY - The condensed water drainage system has a vapor-liquid separation unit (24,31) arranged along gas passage ways (17,20,26,28) of water-containing gas, a storage unit (40) for storing condensed water released from water-containing gas, a drainage system having waste water path, a valve mechanism, and a control portion (43).    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The back flow of condensed water due to differential pressure of gas passageway of fuel gas, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The condensed water drainage system has a vapor-liquid separation unit (24,31) arranged along gas passage ways (17,20,26,28) of water-containing gas, a storage unit (40) for storing condensed water released from water-containing gas, a drainage system, a valve mechanism arranged in drainage system, and a control portion (43). The drainage system has waste water path for draining condensed water from vapor-liquid separation unit to storage unit. The control portion controls the valve mechanism to establish the waste water path from waste-liquid separation unit to storage unit. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reformer (10)    gas passage ways (17,20,26,28)    condenser (18)    gas-liquid separation unit (24,31)    drainage channel (33,34,35)    drain valve (36,37,38)    storage unit (40)    control portion (43)
NOVELTY - A sol of palladium-silver alloy is carried on the surface of a porous substrate. The substrate carrying the alloy is sintered at 300-600 degrees C to form a hydrogen separation membrane on the substrate, and a hydrogen separation material is formed.    USE - As hydrogen separation material in building materials, motor vehicle components, fuel modifier of fuel cells and electronic devices such as mobile telephones and personal computers for separating only hydrogen from mixed gas containing several components.    ADVANTAGE - The method forms hydrogen separation material having excellent thermal shock resistance. The hydrogen separation material enables separation of hydrogen of high purity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) hydrogen separation material;    (2) manufacture of membrane reactor; and    (3) membrane reactor.
NOVELTY - A laminate having a transparent conductive layer (12), a photoelectric converting layer (13) and a reverse-side electrode layer (14) formed on a transparent insulated substrate (11), is irradiated by a laser beam using laser scribing to form an electric-power-generation region (15). The debris formed in a separating groove (16) which separates the electric-power-generation region is removed by carrying out acceleration spraying of a mixture of ice particles and water at the grooves.    USE - Used for manufacturing an integrated thin film solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The integrated thin film solar cell is manufactured with high reliability, by removing the debris formed at separating grooves.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an integrated thin film solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the integrated thin film solar cell structure.    transparent insulated substrate (11)    transparent conductive layer (12)    photoelectric converting layer (13)    reverse-side electrode layer (14)    electric-power-generation region (15)    separating grooves (16)
NOVELTY - Solar cell base material consists of metal plate as base material (1a) provided with a coating film (1b) formed from composition obtained by blending (in mass part) tetraalkoxy silane or partially hydrolyzed condensate of tetraalkoxy silane (0.5-100) with respect to polyvinylidene fluoride group fluororesin (100) free of functional group. The partial hydrolyzed condensate of tetraalkoxy silane is oriented on the coating film surface.    USE - For solar cell panel used for solar cell integrated roof material.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell base material has excellent adhesion with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer used as sealing agent, as partially hydrolyzed condensate of tetra alkoxy silane is oriented on surface of the coating film. The solar cell panel has improved weather resistance, favorable electric power generation property and fine exterior. Other portions of the roof integrated with solar cell module also has fine exterior.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the solar cell panel which uses the metal plate as base material.    metal plate base material (1)    metal plate (1a)    coating film (1b)    ethylene-vinyl acetate resin (2d,2u)    photovoltaic cell (3)    surface material (4)
NOVELTY - An optical absorption layer is arranged at a high conductivity electrode layer side between a transparent electrode layer and window layer. The heterojunction has a transparent layer whose electron affinity is less than or equal to the electron affinity of the optical absorption layer material.    USE - Used as a solar cell with a heterojunction.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Amorphous optical semiconductor contains hydrogen, gallium or gallium and indium, and nitrogen. The ratio of sum total of atom number of gallium or sum total of atom number of gallium and indium to atom number of nitrogen is 1:0.5-1:2    USE - Used for manufacturing optical semiconductor element (claimed), light receiving element, solar cell, image pickup tube, high speed thin film transistor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, high sensitive sensor, high sensitive avalanche photosensor, large area light emitting diode, full color display, light modulation element and light interconnect element.    ADVANTAGE - The amorphous optical semiconductor has wide optical gap, photoconductive property, rapid response, environmental resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, light resistance, transparency and high resolution characteristics. The optical semiconductor is manufactured safely and economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The amorphous optical semiconductor further contains carbon and silicon, germanium and/or tin, and beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and/or zinc.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of amorphous optical semiconductor; and    (2) optical semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows rough block diagram of the apparatus for manufacturing amorphous optical semiconductor.    Vacuum vessel (1)    Exhaust port (2)    Substrate holder (3)    Heater (4)    Quartz tube (5, 6)
NOVELTY - Solar cell module is obtained by sealing surface side and reverse side of solar cells (104), between flame-retardant surface protection component (101) and incombustible reverse side protection component (106), using adhesive resin sealing agent. Silica fine powder and alkylated silicone compound, surface-treated with vinyl group-containing alkoxy silane, are added to a portion of sealing agent in surface side to form incombustible sealing agent (102).    USE - As fire preventing material for building roof.    ADVANTAGE - The incombustible sealing agent in the solar cell module excels in stability, transparency, adhesivity, elasticity, flaw resistance, electric insulation, flame retardance and impact strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell module is obtained by sealing both surface side and reverse side of solar cells which are formed by serially or in parallel connecting several solar battery elements, between flame-retardant surface protection component and non-combustible reverse side protection component, using an adhesive resin sealing agent. Silica fine powder having particle size of 0.001-1 micron and alkylated silicone compound, surface-treated with vinyl group-containing alkoxy silane, are added to one portion of adhesive resin sealing agent in the surface side to form an incombustible sealing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows typical sectional side view of solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    surface side protection component (101)    incombustible sealing agent (102)    non-woven glass fabric (103)    solar cell (104)    reverse side protection component (106)
NOVELTY - The module has a solar cell (9) sealed between a front protective sheet (6) and rear protective sheet (2) having a recess (11). A lead wire (12) of the solar cell is pulled out through a hole (16) formed on side wall of the recess and connected to an external cable (4).    USE - For installation on roof of building.    ADVANTAGE - The assembling of the module having excellent fire-proof property and effective power generation property, is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar cell module.    Rear protective sheet (2)    External cable (4)    Front protective sheet (6)    Solar cell (9)    Recess (11)    Lead wire (12)    Hole (16)
NOVELTY - The module has through holes (10) that are opened to units other than an optoelectric transducer (18).    USE - Solar cell module used in solar cell array (claimed) of different types including folding type system, rolling up system and slide system installed in water purification plant.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses the permeation of water content to optoelectric transducer by opening the through hole to the units other than transducer. Extends module lifetime, thereby increasing the lifetime of an array using module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell array.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view, sectional view of the solar cell module.    through holes (10)    pulley (12)    unit cell (15)    electric power lead out wiring (16)    optoelectric transducer (18)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte liquid contains a quaternary imidazolium salt (2) obtained by anion exchange of imidazole (1) having substitution at first position. The imidazole (1) is obtained by reacting (alpha)-dicarbonyl compound, its acetal or ketal (a1), ammonia or its carbonate (a2), aldehyde (a3) and primary amine (a4).    USE - For electrochemical elements (claimed) such as electrochemical capacitor e.g. electric double layer capacitor, electrolytic capacitor, battery e.g. primary and secondary batteries, solar cell and fuel cell. Especially, the electrochemical element is used for electric power unit, for power tools, motor drive, and electrical storage apparatus, such as memory backup of various electronic devices, and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolytic liquid has excellent electrochemical stability. The electrochemical element comprising the electrolytic liquid has high with stand voltage and high energy density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte liquid contains a quaternary imidazolium salt of formula (2) obtained by anion exchange of imidazole of formula (1) having substitution at first position. The imidazole is obtained by reacting (alpha)-dicarbonyl compound, its acetal or ketal (a1), ammonia or its carbonate (a2), aldehyde (a3) and primary amine (a4).    R1, R3 and R4 = H or 1-10C monovalent hydrocarbon group having more than one of hydroxyl, amino, nitro, cyano, carboxyl or formyl group, in principal chain;    R2 and R5 = 1-10C monovalent hydrocarbon group; and    X- = a counter anion.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrochemical element, which contains the electrolyte liquid; and    (2) manufacture of the electrolyte liquid.
NOVELTY - A coating agent for forming a semiconductor electrode film on a base material contains semiconductor microparticles having a particle size of 1-100 nm, and has a viscosity of 0.5-100 Pa.second.    USE - Used for forming a semiconductor electrode film used as an anode of a pigment sensitizing-type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The coating agent provides an electrode film having good light transmittance. The solar cell has high conversion efficiency and lowers the loss of light energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a base material with a semiconductor electrode film formed using the coating agent, and having a visible light permeability of 60% or more; and    (2) a pigment sensitizing-type solar cell which uses the base material with a semiconductor film as an anode electrode (2), and contains pigment supported on the semiconductor electrode film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of anode electrode.    anode electrode (2)    platinum electrode (8)    glass base material (10)
NOVELTY - A PN junction is formed by layering the P and N type silicon carbide layers (1,3) sequentially. The width of the transition region of PN junction is set 150 nm or less.    USE - Gas sensor e.g. for hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrocarbon used in thermal power station, co-generation system, fuel cell and motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in sensitivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the gas sensor.    P-type layer (1)    N-type epitaxial layer (2)    ohmic electrodes (4,6)    catalyst layer (5)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of heat exchanger involves plating a phosphorus-containing nickel alloy layer on the surface of stainless steel made plate and fin (5). The heat exchanger assembly is placed in a vacuum furnace, to melt the coated phosphorus-containing nickel alloy layer and form a nickel-rich layer (4). The phosphorus-containing nickel alloy remaining at the contact portion of fin and plate, is used as a brazing material to join the fin and plate.    USE - For manufacturing heat exchanger, used as evaporator, high temperature regenerator, fuel superheater, or modifier for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel heat exchanger has high corrosion resistance, and is easily manufactured at low cost. The remaining phosphorus-containing nickel alloy is used as the brazing material, and hence the need of amorphous nickel wax is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above heat exchanger.    nickel rich layer (4)    wax fillet (4a)    stainless steel made plate and fin (5)
NOVELTY - A tile (1) has engagement elements (15a, 15b) provided at the surface. Engagement metal fittings (3a, 3b) provided at the side faces of a solar power generation cell (2) having a crystalline silicon power generation substrate, detachably engage to the respective elements (15a, 15b), for fixing the cell to the tile. A ventilation space (14) is provided between the cell and a trough portion (13) of the tile.    USE - Used as a solar power generating roof tile.    ADVANTAGE - The provision of the ventilation space enables the use of a crystalline silicon substrate having a higher electric power generation efficiency than that of an amorphous silicon substrate. The need to carefully convey the tile assembly from a factory to the construction field is avoided, as the tile and the cell are engaged only in the field. A roofing operation can be easily performed using the tile assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial perspective view of the solar power generation tile assembly.    tile (1)    cell (2)    metal fittings (3a,3b)    trough portion (13)    ventilation space (14)    engagement elements (15a,15b)
NOVELTY - A flat conductor (3) having a volume resistivity of less than 5 ohm.cm is provided on both sides of another flat conductor (2). A plating layer (4) is provided on the outer surface of the conductors, using solder.    USE - Used as a solder metal plating composite flat conductor for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A required thermal expansion coefficient is obtained and reduction of the efficiency of a solar cell is prevented by flat conductors. The soldering property and corrosion resistance property are improved by the provision of a plating layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solder metal plating composite flat conductor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solder metal plating composite flat conductor (1)    flat conductors (2, 3)    plating layer (4)
NOVELTY - A low-heat expansion flat conductor (1) has a core conductor (2) and a coated conductor (3) formed on the outer surface of the core conductor. The cross section shape of the core conductor is flat-form, and the core conductor has thermal expansion coefficient of less than 10 x 10 power -6/degrees C. The coated conductor has volume resistivity of 5 muOMEGA.cm or less.    USE - Used for a lead wire for the connection of a solar cell and as a conductor for transmitting high frequency signals, suitable for wireless local area networks (LAN).    ADVANTAGE - The flat conductor has low thermal expansion and good corrosion resistance. Damage to the thin plate silicon wafer is prevented even when the flat conductor is used for lead wire for connection of solar cell. Since metal or alloy which does not contain lead is used for the coated conductor, environmental pollution is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Iron-nickel alloy is used for the core conductor. The alloy having metal of copper, silver, gold or aluminum as main component is used in the coated conductor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the low-heat expansion flat conductor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    low-heat expansion flat conductor (1)    core conductor (2)    coated conductor (3)
NOVELTY - Several solar battery elements (1) having light receiving surface lateral electrode and anti-light receiver surface lateral electrode are connected to inner lead (3). Several recesses (10) are formed in the connection place (9) of inner lead.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to confirm that the bottom of recess is welded reliably. Even if dissimilar metal is used for inner lead, the local stress produced due to difference of thermal expansion coefficient is reduced. The problem of a crack of solar battery element is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of the solar cell module and expanded view of connection place of inner lead.    Solar battery element (1)    Inner lead (3)    Connection place (9)    Recess (10)
NOVELTY - The solar battery element has identification display (10) provided at either light receiving surface, anti-light receiving surface or side surface of semiconductor substrate.    USE - Solar battery element with identification display is used for displaying manufacturer's serial number, manufacture date, output characteristic, symbol and character.    ADVANTAGE - The identification display is formed without causing a reduction in the electrical property of solar battery element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) solar battery element manufacturing method; and    (2) solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the identification display of solar battery element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Surface electrode (5)    Identification display (10)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has semiconductor layer (4) formed on the crystalline silicon particle (3). The thickness of transparent electrode layer (5) formed on semiconductor layer, is less at upper surface of crystalline silicon particle, when compared to thickness of electrode layer at side surface of crystalline silicon particle.    USE - Used by solar cell for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion efficiency of the apparatus is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Substrate (1)    Insulation substance (2)    Crystalline silicon particle (3)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Transparent electrode layer (5)
NOVELTY - A pair of solar cells (13a,13b) with reversibly laminated p and n type semiconductor layers (11,12) are arranged on an electrode plate (10) which is exposed to electrolysis chambers (1,2) partitioned by a dividing wall (8). A conductive material layer (14) connects the solar cells serially. The sum of electromotive force of the cells is more than the electrolysis starting voltage.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in solar-energy-hydrogen conversion efficiency, since capability of one cell does not exert influence on capability of another cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    electrolysis chambers (1,2)    dividing wall (8)    electrode plate (10)    p and n type semiconductor layers (11,12)    solar cells (13a,13b)    conductive material layer (14)
NOVELTY - An electricity generating device (1) has first (2) and second (4) compartments having anode and cathode surfaces respectively; natural gas supply discharging in first compartment; oxidant supply discharging in second compartment; and third compartment (8) connected to first compartment for after burning gas from first compartment. There is an oxygen supply discharging in the third compartment.    USE - Used for generating electricity from natural gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The device is cheaper and simpler.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for generating electricity from natural gas using the inventive device comprising converting at anode surface the natural gas to hydrogen and carbon monoxide and allowing the cathode and anode reactions to take place to produce potential difference between the anode and cathode surfaces, in which an anode off-gas is produced, which comprises water and carbon dioxide; feeding the anode off-gas from the first compartment to the third compartment; and supplying oxygen to the third compartment after burning components of the anode off-gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the device.    Electricity generating device (1)    First (2)    Second (4)    Third compartment (8)    Cryogenic oxygen separation device (11)
NOVELTY - The silicon-aluminum film-forming composition comprises a silicon compound and an aluminum compound.    USE - For forming silicon-aluminum film (claimed) used for solar cell and electric circuits, and semiconductors.    ADVANTAGE - The composition and silicon-aluminum film-forming method allows the formation of silicon-aluminum film with ease and simplicity at reduced production cost, without the need for expensive vacuum apparatus or high frequency apparatus. The formed silicon-aluminum film can control electrical property arbitrarily from semiconductor area to electroconductive area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The silicon compound is of formula SiaX2a+2, SibX2b, SicXc or SiX4, where X is hydrogen atom, halogen atom or univalent organic group, 'a' is 2 or more, 'b' is 3 or more and 'c' is 6 or more. The aluminum compound is of formula AlY3, where Y is hydrogen atom or monovalent organic group. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) formation of silicon-aluminum film; and    (2) silicon-aluminum film.
NOVELTY - A solar cell has an electroconductive wiring layer (2a) and a metal oxide layer (2b) which are formed sequentially, on a light receiving surface of a transparent substrate (1) having a sheet resistance of less than 10 ohm per square.    USE - Used as a pigment sensitizing wet solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability are greatly improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a wet solar cell.    transparent substrate (1)    electroconductive wiring layer (2a)    metal oxide layer (2b)
NOVELTY - The polyimide precursor liquid composition contains a polar solvent, tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or its derivative(s) and diamine or its derivative(s). The liquid composition further contains a cyclic compound containing a carbonyl group, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atom. The cyclic compound does not contain nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfuric hetero atom. The cyclic compound has a boiling point of 200degreesC or more.    USE - For heat-resistant coating film (claimed) for liquid crystals, organic electroluminescence, touch panels and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polyimide precursor liquid composition provides coating film having excellent heat resistance, transparency and favorable electrical and mechanical characteristics. The coating film has low coloring degree.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyimide precursor liquid composition contains a polar solvent, at least one type of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or its derivatives and at least one type of diamine or its derivatives. The liquid composition further contains a 5-membered ring-structure cyclic compound containing a carbonyl group, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atom. The cyclic compound does not contain nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfuric hetero atom. The cyclic compound has a boiling point of 200degreesC or more.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for polyimide film which is obtained by converting the polyimide precursor liquid composition into an imide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the X-ray optoelectronic spectral analysis of the polyimide. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A feed stream of light hydrocarbons and oxygen is contacted with a catalyst under reaction conditions. The catalyst comprises a halide, an active metal and a promoter, on a refractory support.    USE - Used for the production of synthesis gas used as a feed for middle distillate synthesis and alcohol synthesis such as methanol (all claimed). The synthesis gas product serves as a source of hydrogen for fuel cells used for electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The addition of halide maintains catalytic activity by reacting with active metal and enables redistribution of active metal on catalyst resulting in reduced deactivation due to sintering and agglomeration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) preparing a synthesis gas catalyst by contacting support with active metal, halide content compound and promoter precursor, drying and calcining the support such that halide remains on the support;    (2) extending the life of a synthesis gas catalyst by contacting support with a halide;    (3) a catalyst comprising a support, an active metal and rare earth oxy halide;    (4) converting light hydrocarbons into middle distillates, in which the light hydrocarbons are converted into synthesis gas by net partial oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst and converting the synthesis gas to middle distillates by Fisher-Tropsch reaction;    (5) converting light hydrocarbons to alcohols; and    (6) preparing a synthesis gas catalyst by depositing rare earth metal precursor, halide and active metal precursor, sequentially on a support, optionally drying and calcining in between the deposition processes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph showing the operating data for synthesis gas catalyst of the example.
NOVELTY - A fuel processing system comprises a reactor for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel stream into a reformate stream containing hydrogen and other constituents; a membrane separator for removing hydrogen from the reformate stream and having a membrane that is permeable to hydrogen and less permeable to the other constituents; and a carbon monoxide-reduction and cleanup system for further reforming of the reformate stream.    USE - For reforming fuel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The CO-reduction and cleanup system works with the membrane separator to increase the production of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method for reforming fuel comprising introducing a hydrocarbon fuel into the reactor of the above fuel processing system (12), passing the reformate stream along the membrane separator, and directing the remaining stream to the carbon monoxide (CO)-reduction and cleanup system (20); and    (b) a fuel cell system (10) comprising a reactor for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel stream into a hydrogen containing reformate stream, a membrane separator for removing hydrogen from the hydrogen containing reformate stream, a water-gas shift for further reforming the reformate stream, and a fuel cell stack connected with the membrane separator for receiving hydrogen removed by the membrane separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of the fuel processing system using the membrane separator.    Fuel cell system (10)    Fuel processing system (12)    Auto-thermal reformer (16)    CO-reduction and cleanup system (20)    Inlet (44)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell electrode catalyst comprises a carbon supporting structure containing carbon aerogel and metal atom crystals. The carbon aerogel has a surface area greater than 400 m2/g, and a pore size of greater than 4 nm. The crystals of metal atoms are dispersed on the supporting structure. The crystal is 1-4 nm in diameter    USE - For use in making MEA used for fuel cell, e.g. proton exchanged membrane or direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides good proton and gas accessibility to the catalytic sites as well as electronic path continuity. It lowers the overall manufacturing cost and simplifies manufacturing processes, thus increasing production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) (12) for a fuel cell (10) comprising a solid electrolyte membrane; and electrode catalyst layers disposed on the solid electrolyte membrane. The electrode catalyst layers comprises anode and cathode catalyst layers (22, 24). Each of the electrode catalyst layers comprises a fuel cell electrode catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a exploded schematic representation of fuel cell.    Fuel cell (10)    MEA (12)    Flow plate (14)    Diffusion media (16)    Slicing gaskets (17)    Conducting substrate (20)    Proton conducting substrate (20)    Anode and cathode catalyst layers (22, 24)
NOVELTY - A method for fabricating a solar cell is provided to make a solar cell of a built-in type mounted on electronic devices by directly forming the solar cell of a nanometer size on a metal substrate or a plastic substrate like a cover or housing of a cellular phone, a cover of a personal digital assistant (PDA) or a cover of a notebook computer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transparent plastic substrate (20) is prepared. A transparent conductive layer is deposited on the plastic substrate and is patterned to form a transparent electrode (21). An active layer (23) in which porous titanium oxide, photosensitive dye and electrolyte are mixed is formed on the substrate including the transparent electrode. A conductive layer confronting the transparent electrode is deposited on the substrate having the active layer and is patterned to have the same type as the transparent electrode so that an opposite electrode (25) is formed. A passivation layer (29) is formed to prevent the electrolyte from being exhausted to the opposite electrode and to protect array devices. An anti-reflective coating is formed on the transparent plastic substrate to improve absorption efficiency of sunlight through a reactive ion etching (RIE) technology.
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus (17) has hydrogen separation portion (3), hydrogen gas route (4), catalyst support (1) and heat exchange portion (2). Hydrogen separation portion selectively separates hydrogen in mixed gas, and the hydrogen gas route circulates the separated hydrogen. Catalyst support contains a catalyst which promotes heat generation of carbon monoxide, and heat exchange portion cools the catalyst support.    USE - For fuel reforming system.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus maintains the catalyst support at a suitable temperature without consuming more energy, and decreases the amount of carbon monoxide efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus decreases carbon monoxide in a mixed gas containing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide, and has hydrogen separation portion, hydrogen gas route, catalyst support and heat exchange portion. The hydrogen separation portion selectively separates hydrogen in mixed gas, and the hydrogen gas route circulates the separated hydrogen. The catalyst support contains a catalyst which promotes heat generation of carbon monoxide in mixed gas, and heat exchange portion cools the catalyst support. The hydrogen gas route is between catalyst support and heat exchange portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the carbon monoxide removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst support (1)    heat exchange portion (2)    hydrogen separation portion (3)    hydrogen gas route (4)    carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus (17)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generator has a chamber for storing liquid material, and has a discharge port, and another chamber having an extraction opening and an inlet. The discharge port emits liquid material, that is introduced into chamber through the inlet, and is mixed with another liquid material. Hydrogen produced by mixing the liquid materials is removed from the extraction opening. The liquids materials are sealed in chambers.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed), used in electronic devices, and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The novel hydrogen generator produces hydrogen easily, safely and efficiently, without expansion. The production speed of hydrogen is controlled easily, and the generator is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen generator has a chamber (2) for storing liquid material (1), and has a discharge port (10), and another chamber (4) having an extraction opening (12) and an inlet (11). The discharge port emits liquid material, that is introduced into chamber (4) through the inlet, and is mixed with another liquid material (6). Hydrogen produced by mixing the liquid materials is removed from the extraction opening. The liquids materials are sealed in chambers.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell the above having hydrogen generator as hydrogen supply unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Liquid materials (1,6)    Chambers (2,4)    Transport unit (3)    Flow path (9)    Discharge port (10)    Inlet (11)    Extraction opening (12)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen purification system has modified reaction device (1) and hydrogen separation membrane (2), and control unit (12). The membrane (2) separates hydrogen component from reformed gas produced in device (1), and is supplied to membrane (2). The embrittlement which takes place in membrane (2) is controlled by the control unit which sets the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide concentration in reformed gas to preset value.    USE - For refining hydrogen useful as fuel in fuel cell system e.g. fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen purification system prevents embrittlement of hydrogen separation membrane without complicating the system and using special apparatus such as battery and electric power generation system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen purification system has modified reaction device (1) which reforms fuel and hydrogen separation membrane (2) connected in series, and control unit (12). The membrane (2) separates hydrogen component from reformed gas produced in device (1), and is supplied to membrane (2). The embrittlement which takes place in membrane (2) is controlled by the control unit which sets the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide concentration in reformed gas to preset value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen purification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modified reaction device (1)    hydrogen separation membrane (2)    combustor (6)    material input line (8)    control unit (12)
NOVELTY - A modifier (10) has a modification portion (14) to generate high concentration hydrogen gas for a fuel cell (12), using hydrocarbon group gas and water vapor, a combustion portion (16) to heat the modification portion using hydrocarbon group gas and/or hydrogen gas, and flame detection units (I and II). Detection units (I and II) detect flames of hydrocarbon group gas, and mixed gas or hydrocarbon group gas arising in the combustion portion.    USE - Used in a fuel cell-type electric power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The modifier prevents explosion firing, during starting of the electric power-generation system. Detection of generation of flame in the combustion portion without overlooking the misfire during burning with high concentration hydrogen gas is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell-type electric power-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell-type electric power-generation system (1)    Modifier (10)    Fuel cell (12)    Modification portion (14)    Combustion portion (16)    Burner (16a)    Flame rod (34)    Thermocouple (36)
NOVELTY - A porous material (20) is immersed into a suspension obtained by dispersing ceramic particles (8) in a dispersion medium. The ceramic particles are filled in pores (20A) of the porous material by suction filtration of the suspension. The material is an anode and/or cathode. The ceramic particles are deposited on the surface of the porous material by electrophoresis using another pair of electrodes. A ceramic layer (21) is formed.    USE - Used for the manufacture of a ceramic layer used as a solid-electrolyte layer of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacture of the ceramic layer is simple. The ceramic layer is uniformly adhered on a porous material, is thin, and has high anchor effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A porous material is immersed into a suspension obtained by dispersing ceramic particles in a dispersion medium. The ceramic particles are filled into pores of the porous material by suction filtration of the suspension using porous material as a filter. The porous material is anode and/or cathode. The ceramic particle is deposited on surface of the porous material. The deposition is carried out by applying electrical potential difference between electrodes by electrophoresis, using another pair of electrodes. A ceramic layer is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of porous material in which ceramic layer is formed at the surface. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    ceramic particles (8)    porous material (20)    pores (20A)    ceramic layer (21)
NOVELTY - The catalyst comprises a support having ceria as main component, precious metal supported by the support, and a fixed ingredient for fixing the valence of cerium atom in the support to trivalent.    USE - For production of hydrogen (claimed) by carbon monoxide shift reaction from waste gas of internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst produces hydrogen efficiently from waste gas of dilute combustion system fluctuated alternately. The catalyst performs reduction removal of nitrogen oxide efficiently, and has high carbon monoxide shift reaction activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows hydrogen formation rate in the fluctuation atmosphere of catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The baking process is performed at temperature of 800-850 degrees C, during which electroconductive metal paste (500) containing silver powder and glass powder containing 1.5% or less weight of barium oxide (B2O3), melts and penetrates the silicon nitride film (30) formed on p-type silicon substrate (10), for the formation of silver electrode (501).    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor device (claimed) in solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves moisture resistant and productivity of semiconductor device. Reduces the manufacturing cost of the semiconductor device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) semiconductor device; and    (2) solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the semiconductor device during manufacture.    p-type silicon substrate (10)    silicon nitride film (30)    aluminum paste (60)    electroconductive metal paste material (500)    surface silver electrode (501)
NOVELTY - The liquid-fuel battery consists of anode (1), cathode (2), electrolyte layer provided between anode and cathode, and liquid fuel storage tank (5). The anode reduces oxygen. The cathode contains hydrogen-occluding material. A gas retainer (6) is provided at surface portion of cathode. The gas retainer interrupts contact between liquid fuel and cathode, by collecting and holding gas produced from liquid fuel (4).    USE - As electric power generating component for electric power generating apparatus (all claimed) used for lap top computers and mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid-fuel battery inhibits reaction of liquid fuel at the time of low rate of electric power generation, or at no electric power generation period, and hence suppresses useless consumption of liquid fuel. The liquid-fuel battery has high energy density by increasing absorption of hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid-fuel battery consists of anode (1), cathode (2), electrolyte layer and liquid fuel storage tank (5). The electrolyte layer is provided between the anode and the cathode. The anode reduces oxygen. The cathode contains hydrogen-occluding material. The liquid fuel storage tank stores liquid fuel (4). A gas retainer (6) is further provided at surface portion of the cathode. The gas retainer interrupts contact between liquid fuel and cathode, by collecting and holding gas produced from the liquid fuel.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electric power generating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional-view of the liquid-fuel battery.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Liquid fuel (4)    Liquid fuel storage tank (5)    Gas retainer (6)
NOVELTY - Fuel cells (106) formed over porous silicon layer (3) and silicon oxide film (2) on a silicon wafer (1), have fuel side catalyst layer (4) of one cell connected to the oxidizing agent side catalyst layer (6) of the adjacent cell through an electroconductive ion impermeable barrier layer (7). The portion of the cell electrolyte (5), exposed from the catalyst layers, is covered by an insulator (8).    USE - Fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell of compact size can produce high voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell assembly includes several fuel cells formed over the silicon wafer in which cavities (14) are formed in the area below each cell formation region. A cap (9) provided with the fuel inlets (10), seals the cavities. The fuel side and oxidizing side catalyst layers of adjacent cells are connected through the ion impermeable barrier layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell assembly manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell assembly. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon wafer (1)    Silicon oxide film (2)    Porous silicon layer (3)    Fuel side catalyst layer (4)    Electrolyte (5)    Oxidizing agent side catalyst layer (6)    Barrier layer (7)    Insulator (8)    Cap (9)    Fuel inlet (10)    Cavity (14)    Fuel cell (106)
NOVELTY - Hydrophobic sulfonium salt (I) is new.    USE - In electrolyte for non-aqueous electrochemical device (claimed) such as lithium primary battery, lithium secondary battery, electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layer capacitor, electrochromic display device, electrodeposition bath, medium of chemo synthesis, and onium salt used as antistatic agent.    ADVANTAGE - The sulfonium salt has high hydrophobicity, low viscosity and favorable electrical conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrophobic sulfonium salt of formula (I) is new.    R1R2R3S+ Y- (I)    R1-R3 = 7-20C univalent organic group; and    Y- = anion having van der Waal volume of more than 100 Angstrom 3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacture of (I), which involves carrying out ion exchange of sulfonium salt of formula R1R2R3S+ X-, where X- is BF4- or PF6-, and metallic salt of anion having van der Waals volume of more than 100 Angstrom 3; and    (2) non-aqueous electrochemical device using the sulfonium salt.
NOVELTY - Partial oxidation reaction and water vapor modification of natural gas are performed at temperature lower than pyrolysis temperature of natural gas in autothermal reforming process performed simultaneously. Methane-rich gas or hydrogen-rich gas is produced during the process. Natural gas modification is thus performed.    USE - Producing methane-rich gas or hydrogen-rich gas for fuel cell, motor vehicle and power station (claimed). Also used as electric power generation material for fixed type small electric power unit.    ADVANTAGE - Methane-rich gas or hydrogen-rich gas is produced using a compact and inexpensive installation and the modification reaction is carried out at high velocity. Reformed gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen for ammonia synthesis is produced by using gas containing both oxygen and nitrogen as oxygen-containing gas. The fuel cell modifier functions stably for a long period of time, and catalytically active reduction by precipitation of carbon is suppressed. The gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen is produced efficiently and stably over a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell, power station or motor vehicle equipped with the natural gas modifier.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen donor consists of compound(s) chosen from a heterocyclic compound, an amine-type compound, an alcohol-type compound, a ketone-type compound and an alicyclic compound.    USE - Manufacture of hydrogen, which is used as fuel for fuel cells and hydrogen burner at homes and hydrogen stations.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen donor enables efficient manufacture of high purity hydrogen with high productivity and within short period of time. The generated hydrogen is safely and efficiently stored and conveyed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for storage and transportation of hydrogen, which involves irradiating the hydrogen donor, which consists of the organic hydrogen donor(s), in presence of an alkali compound and an inorganic catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    microwave generator (1)    three-neck flask (2)    thermometer (3)    cooling pipe (4)    gas-chromatography analyzer (5)
NOVELTY - A ventilation fan supplies combustion air to a combustor which heats a modifier to produce high concentration hydrogen gas using hydrocarbon group gas and water. A control unit sets rotation speed of the fan after electric power generation by a fuel cell, more than the rotation speed during electric power generation by the fuel cell.    USE - For generating electric power using fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The supply of combustion air to combustor, dilutes the high concentration hydrogen gas and off gas, hence explosion is prevented and safety is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell generates electric power by reaction of oxygen with the high concentration hydrogen gas. The control unit stops operation of the has supply unit which supplies hydrocarbon group gas to the modifier, and water feed amount, after stopping electric power generation by the fuel cell.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) shutdown method of fuel cell type electric power generation system; and    (b) a gas supply apparatus which supplies a hydrocarbon group to a modifier, a water supply apparatus which supplies water to a modifier, and a combustor which heats a modifier and a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the structure of the fuel cell type electric power generation system.    Water supply apparatus (4)    Modifier (2)    Source gas supply apparatus (6)    Combustor (8)    Ventilation fan (10)    Combustion gas supply apparatus (14)    Fuel cell (16)    Bypass route (20)    Rotation control apparatus (12)    Water and material supply control apparatus (26)    Controlling valve (22)
NOVELTY - A compressor compresses hydrogen manufactured by hydrogen manufacturing apparatus, to predetermined time. A hydrogen supply apparatus supplies compressed hydrogen to hydrogen consumption system. A combustion turbine generator generates electric power for supply apparatus.    USE - For supplying high pressure hydrogen to fuel cell electric vehicle and hydrogen fueled car.    ADVANTAGE - Improves thermal efficiency of the system, by utilizing high temperature waste gas of the generator as heat source for dehydrogenation. Enables reducing the size of the system irrespective of load fluctuation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An integrated heat exchanger (17) provides heat for dehydrogenation, by converting high temperature waste gas of the generator in to heat source.    The compressor compresses the manufactured hydrogen, to 10-30 atmospheric pressure. A turbine waste gas recuperator which collects the remaining heat of waste gas, is provided at the waste gas downstream side of heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow diagram illustrating the operation of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    Raw material storage tank (1)    Cooler (11)    Gas liquid separator (12)    Heat exchanger (17)    Tank (22)
NOVELTY - A plate-shaped gas blower (43) installed between planar catalysts (44) within a vacuum reaction chamber (40), includes circular blow holes (45), where the cross-section of the holes increases from the center to the periphery of the blower. The blower blows source gas towards cylindrical or flat substrates (42) that are held by the supports (41).    USE - Used for forming an amorphous silicon (a-Si) film on electroconductive substrates such as aluminum (Al), stainless steel, iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti) substrates and synthetic resin made insulator substrates like soda glass, Pyrex glass, inorganic insulators such as ceramics, quartz, sapphire, fluororesin, polycarbonate, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, vinylon, epoxy or mylar substrates used in the production of solar cells, electrophotographic photoreceptors, image sensors, optical sensors and thin film transistors (TFT).    ADVANTAGE - Uniform distribution of source gas ensures the formation of a silicon film of uniform thickness on the substrates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of a hot wire chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    vacuum reaction chamber (40)    support (41)    substrates (42)    plate-shaped gas blower (43)    catalyst (44)    blow holes (45)
NOVELTY - Oxygen or oxygen-containing gas is added to a reformed gas. The reformed gas is induced to a catalyst layer (46) in which carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas, is oxidized. After oxidation, the reformed gas is cooled and the concentration of the carbon monoxide is reduced, according to the flow direction of the reformed gas in the catalyst layer.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide during manufacture of hydrogen used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method effectively performs the rejection of carbon monoxide using device having simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) carbon monoxide removal device (25); and    (2) hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of carbon monoxide removal device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon monoxide removal device (25)    Case (29)    Occlusion boards (31,32)    Outer cylinder (33)    Catalyst layer (46)
NOVELTY - A controller (50) is switched to a state in which hydrocarbon substance is supplied to a modifier (20) from a state in which hydrocarbon substance is not supplied, when temperature of a catalyst in modifier reaches preset temperature. An adjustment unit adjusts amount of propanes and air quantity that are supplied to a burner (22) that heats catalyst based on stored amount of propanes and air quantity, after state transfer.    USE - Fuel cell electric-power-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Stable combustion is performed continuously in the burner without causing any deterioration of the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalyst temperature sensor (26) detects the temperature of the catalyst used for hydrogen gas generation reaction in the modifier. A warning unit outputs the warning signal to stop system operation when the supply amount of propanes and air quantity exceeds predetermined value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell electric-power-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (20)    Burner (22)    Catalyst temperature sensor (26)    Fuel cell (40)    Controller (50)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has an assistance combustor, which is a cylindrical shaped container (2) having a combustion catalyst layer (6), discharge hole (10) and a thermal shield (8). The discharge hole is provided at downward direction space of layer (6), and discharges anode waste gas and air. The anode waste gas and air flows between layer (6) and discharge hole, by through holes provided at thermal shield.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is prevented from backfire, heat damage and load fluctuation at initial stage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus has a modifier, a carbon monoxide treatment device and an assistance combustor. Hydrocarbon group fuel and water vapor are reacted using a modification catalyst, and hydrogen is reformed in the modifier. Carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen-rich reformed gas is reduced, and supplied to anode of fuel cell. The assistance combustor burns the anode waste gas of fuel cell. The assistance combustor is a cylindrical shape container having a combustion catalyst layer, discharge hole and a thermal shield. The hydrocarbon group fuel and water are heated using a heat exchanger arranged at headroom of combustion catalyst layer. The discharge hole is provided at downward direction space of combustion catalyst layer, and discharges anode waste gas and air. The anode waste gas and air flows between the combustion catalyst layer and the discharge hole, by through holes provided at thermal shield.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for initial stage processing in hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of assistance combustor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Assistance combustor (1)    Cylindrical shape container (2)    Combustion catalyst layer (6)    Thermal shield (8)    Discharge hole (10)
NOVELTY - Solar battery elements (9) with electrodes formed on their surfaces are accommodated in a basket (10). The basket is immersed in a solder melt solution (14) in a tank (13) and moved horizontally, to form a solder layer on an electrode.    USE - Used for manufacturing a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A uniform solder layer is formed on electrodes simultaneously to multiple battery elements. The process is suitable even for small battery elements with a narrow pitch between electrodes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a manufacturing apparatus for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the production of a solar battery element.    solar battery element (9)    basket (10)    arm (11)    solder tank (13)    solder melt solution (14)
NOVELTY - The base material containing semiconductor electrode film comprises a transparent electrically conductive film and porous titanium oxide film, laminated sequentially on a base. The porous titanium oxide film contains titanium oxide microparticle aggregate of particle size 1-50 nm, and has five-point average surface roughness.    USE - For use as anode for pigment sensitizing type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor electrode film has excellent electron conductivity. The coating agent provides efficient formation of porous titanium oxide film. The conversion efficiency of the pigment sensitizing type solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) pigment sensitizing type solar cell (1); and    (2) coating agent for forming porous titanium oxide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional diagram of a pigment sensitizing type solar cell.    Solar cell (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Electrolyte (4)    Sealing material (5)
NOVELTY - The formation of transparent electrically conductive oxide film on substrate (24) mounted on non-heated substrate holder (26) is carried out, by direct current sputtering method. The oxide film formation is carried out in an atmosphere containing hydrogen radical, within the chamber provided with metal target (22) and substrate mounted on holder.    USE - For forming transparent electrically conductive oxide film used as transparent electrode for solar cell, and flat-panel display.    ADVANTAGE - Transparent electrically conductive oxide film of high quality is effectively formed at low temperature by direct current magnetron sputtering method. The film has low electrical resistivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen radical is formed by dissociating a hydrogen atom-containing molecular gas in the chamber. The gas contains alcohol (such as ethanol and/or methanol), water, ketone and/or hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline fragmentary sectional view of film-forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Film-forming apparatus (10)    Chamber (12)    Metal target (22)    Magnet (23)    Substrate (24)    Non-heated substrate holder (26)
NOVELTY - The gel-type solid polymer electrolyte consists of comb-shaped polysiloxane 3-59.3 wt%, crosslinking agent 0.7-12 wt%, polar small molecular weight plasticizer 40-85 wt% and inorganic iodine salt 0-15wt%. The preparation process is also disclosed. The present invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, high ionic conductivity and high heat stability, and may be used in dye sensitized solar cell.
NOVELTY - Operation of a fuel cell involves assessing concentration of a reactive species in an exhaust stream, relating the concentration of the reactive species to a maximum current drawn from the fuel cell without redox damage to electrode and adjusting the operation of the cell.    USE - For operating fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method optimizes efficiency and avoids redox damage of the electrode (claimed). The method avoids the difficulties associated with mass flow measurement, as the exhaust gas quality is measured and related to the current to ensure operation within the limitations of gas utilization for the immediate operating condition. The method is unaffected by changes in the electrical resistance of fuel cell over time and electrode gas quality. The method is applicable irrespective of the nature of the electrode supply streams.
NOVELTY - An oxidation or reduction reaction catalyst comprises platinum (Pt) (ca. 40 at.%), ruthenium (Ru) and cobalt (Co). The concentration of ruthenium is 10-40 at.% and cobalt is 45-65 at.%. The catalyst composition is in alloy form or the constituents are in metallic oxidation state. The catalyst is optionally supported on an electrically conductive (in)organic supports.    USE - Used for oxidation or reduction reactions in fuel cells which are in electrical utility power generation facilities; uninterrupted power supply devices; extraterrestrial vehicles; transportation equipment, e.g. heavy trucks, automobiles and motorcycles; residential power generation systems; mobile communication equipment, e.g. wireless telephones, pagers and satellite phones; mobile electronic devices, e.g. laptop computers, personal data assistants, audio recording and/or playable devices, digital (video) cameras and electronic game playing devices; military and aerospace equipment. e.g. global positioning satellite devices and robots.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst composition is perfectly optimized to limit noble metal concentration while improving corrosion resistance and/or activity, as compared to Pt or Pt50Ru50.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell electrode comprising electro-catalyst particles on an electrode; and    (2) a fuel cell comprising the catalyst.
NOVELTY - The residual energy in a heat engine is used by operating a unit with such energy, involving chemically bonding of the atmospheric oxygen and feeding of this to the combustion of the heat engine.    USE - The heat engine operates as an aircraft drive for jet- and/or propeller- aircraft which are especially provided with a gas turbine or rotation motor and a combustion chamber in which an oxygen/hydrogen peroxide mixture resulting from H2O2 decomposition is ignited with a hydrocarbon or hydrogen (claimed). Other disclosed uses are in gas turbine or block heating and generating plant, various land or water craft or fuel cells of the hybrid type.    ADVANTAGE - The heat engine can be conventionally operated with hydrocarbons or hydrogen peroxide. The emission of harmful gases and carbon dioxide is minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow scheme diagramatically for hydrogen peroxide generation from isopropyl alcohol.    Cascading oxidation reactors (1a,b,c)    Separator (2)    Separator columns (3,4)
NOVELTY - A fuel-vaporizing device comprises a fuel vaporizer, a fuel injector to supply fuel into the vaporizer, an air injector to supply air into the vaporizer to produce an air-fuel mixture, and a glow plug to partially oxidize the air-fuel mixture. The air supply amount of air injector is controlled relative to a fuel supply amount of fuel injector, to obtain an excess air factor of in the air-fuel mixture corresponding to a predetermined rich air-fuel ratio.    USE - For supplying hydrocarbon-containing fuel vapor to a fuel reformer, useful in a fuel cell system for a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The novel fuel-vaporizing device improves the reforming efficiency of reformate gas by controlling the excess air factor of vaporized fuel produced by a fuel vaporizer. Rapid activation of a reforming catalyst during start-up is also enabled, and discharge of unburned fuel from the reformer is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above fuel vaporizer.    Fuel vaporizer (6)    Flame arrester (21)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide oxidizer comprises a mixing unit for mixing at least two types of gases, e.g. an oxidant gas and a reformate gas containing hydrogen produced by reforming a hydrocarbon fuel, as a mixed gas. The mixing unit comprises a stacked body of plates. The stacked body has a rotating passage (101) formed by a through hole (101A-101F) in each plate to rotate a flow of the mixed gas.    USE - Used for removing carbon monoxide from reformate gas used in a fuel cell system for automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide oxidizer is compact and efficiently allows uniform mixing of reformate and oxidant gases. Pressure loss can be suppressed at low level.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic perspective view of a mixed gas passage.    Rotating passage (101)    Through-holes (101A-101F)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer (4) and an electrolytic layer (5) are sandwiched between the electroconductive substrates (1, 2). The semiconductor layer contains an anatase-type titanium nanotube that holds two types of sensitizing dyes which do not contain any acidic substituent.    USE - Pigment sensitizing type photoelectric converter for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since acidic substituents are not included in the sensitizing dyes, manufacturing cost of the sensitizing dyes is reduced and generation of intermolecular phenomenon of optimal pumping of electron due to collision of sensitizing dyes is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for pigment sensitizing type photoelectric converter manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a pigment sensitizing type photoelectric converter. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electroconductive substrates (1,2)    Electroconductive film (3)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Electrolytic layer (5)    Case (6)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic modules (2) are secured to a frame which acts as a conductor for the current generated by the modules.    USE - For generating electricity from solar energy. The device is designed to be installed on the roof of a building and use to generate electricity for use inside this building.    ADVANTAGE - The device is more simple to install and less sensitive to individual module failure caused by defects or shade.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A device (1) for converting sunlight into electricity comprises at least one photovoltaic module secured to a frame which also acts as a conductor for at least some of the current generated by the module(s).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the photovoltaic device.    Photovoltaic device (1)    Photovoltaic modules (2)    Aluminum support bars (3, 4)    Coupling pieces (5)
NOVELTY - The modules (2) are mounted on a frame comprising electrically conducting supports (3, 4) which are electrically insulated from each other and can be electrically connected to the module so that a first electrical contact point is connected to the first support and a second electrical contact point is connected to the second support.    USE - For generating electricity from solar energy. The device is designed to be installed on the roof of a building and use to generate electricity for use inside this building.    ADVANTAGE - The device is more simple to install and less sensitive to individual module failure caused by defects or shade.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A modular photovoltaic device (1) comprises at least one photovoltaic module secured to a frame. Each module has at least one first electrical contact point and at least one second electrical contact point. The frame comprises at least two electrically conducting supports which are electrically insulated from each other and can be electrically connected to the module so that the first electrical contact point is connected to the first support and the second electrical contact point is connected to the second support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the photovoltaic device.    Photovoltaic device (1)    Photovoltaic modules (2)    Aluminum support bars (3, 4)    Coupling pieces (5)
NOVELTY - A method for manufacturing a solar cell is provided to simplify the manufacturing process and to improve efficiency by using a spray method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An emitter (32) is formed on a front surface of a semiconductor substrate (30) by spraying a doping source under room temperature. Then, a front electrode (35) and a rear electrode are formed on the front and rear surface of the substrate, respectively. At this time, phosphate aqueous solution is used as the doping source in the spray processing.
NOVELTY - A solar cell plate unfolding test apparatus for low temperature condition verification is capable of easily and smoothly unfolding a solar cell plate without friction according to the unfolded angle and direction of the solar cell plate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell plate unfolding test apparatus for low temperature condition verification is provided with a fixing part (5), a pillar (34) protruded from the center portion of the fixing part, a solar cell plate fixing part (3) connected with the pillar for fixing a solar cell plate (4), a joint shaft (20) protruded from the upper portion of the solar cell plate fixing part, and a controlling part (2) located at the upper portion of the joint shaft and connected with a bearing housing through a bearing (24). The solar cell plate unfolding test apparatus further includes an aluminum (Al) profile portion (10) connected with the bearing housing, an LM shaft (11) installed at the lower portion of the Al profile portion, and solar cell unfolding part (1) for moving itself according to the unfolded angle of the solar cell plate.
NOVELTY - The supply of methanol aqueous solution is stopped and the supply of oxidizing-agent gas is continued for preset time while terminating the operation of power generating apparatus. The supply of oxidizing-agent gas is stopped after consuming the load current.    USE - For operating direct methanol-fuel battery type power generating apparatus (claimed) used in electronic device such as mobile telephone, notebook personal computer and digital camera.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the durability of the power generating apparatus by simple method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for power generating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the electromotive unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen occlusion material contains a fibrous carbonaceous material (X), and powder-form carbonaceous material (Y). The hydrogen occlusion ability (a) of the material (Y) is greater than that of the hydrogen occlusion ability (b) of the material (X). The amount of the material (X) (in wt.%) satisfies a preset relation.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen storage component for hydrogen storage apparatus (both claimed) for electric vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occlusion material provides hydrogen storage component having excellent hydrogen storage capacity and high reliability. The hydrogen occlusion material is inexpensive. The powder-form carbonaceous material is solidified without performing heat processing or addition of binder. The fibrous carbonaceous material and powder-form carbonaceous material are mixed favorably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen occlusion material contains a fibrous carbonaceous material (X), and powder-form carbonaceous material (Y). The hydrogen occlusion ability (a) of the material (Y) is greater than that of the hydrogen occlusion ability (b) of the material (X). The amount of the material (X) (in wt.%) satisfies a relation given by: 20 at most X at most 20+80 (b/a).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen storage apparatus, in which a hydrogen storage component obtained by film-thinning or solidifying the hydrogen occlusion material, is arranged in the container; and    (2) manufacture of hydrogen storage component, which involves loosening the fibrous carbonaceous material, mixing the loosened fibrous carbonaceous material and powder-form carbonaceous material, and compression molding the mixed material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the relation between hydrogen occlusion ability of fibrous carbonaceous material and powder-form carbonaceous material, and the amount of fibrous carbonaceous material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hose material is obtained by mixing ethylene-olefin-type resin (2) with ethylene-propylene diene ternary polymer (1). The olefin-type resin is used as organic filler.    USE - For hose such as aqueous hose used for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hose material has excellent electrical insulation property and mixing property, and favorable compression permanent-deformation property, without impairing mechanical-physical property of ethylene-propylene diene ternary polymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ethylene-olefin-type resin is ethylene-octene-type resin.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hose for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of hose material for fuel cells in dispersion state of ethylene-olefin type resin. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    ethylene-propylene diene ternary polymer (1)    ethylene-olefin type resin (2)    carbon black (3)
NOVELTY - A fuel system of a fuel cell comprises a detachable cartridge (1) for supplying fuel such as flammable liquid to an electric power generation unit (17), and an auxiliary tank (15) for supplying the fuel even after removing the cartridge.    USE - Used for a fuel cell, used as an electric power unit for electronic devices such as personal computers and portable terminals.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel system of a fuel cell replenishes fuel safely, and improves the working efficiency of the electronic device. The fuel system of a fuel cell also prevents ignition of fuel, and is highly safe.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the connection state of a fuel system and fuel cell.    cartridge (1)    shut-off valve (8)    sensor (11)    auxiliary tank (15)    electric power generation unit (17)
NOVELTY - The modification-reaction device has catalyst-filled layer (12), penetration gas passageway (14) and scattering structure. Layer (12) is packed with porous material having catalyst supported on catalyst-support surface. Passageway (14) has through-hole which penetrates into the layer (12). Scattering structure is arranged in passageway (14), and scatters gas. Gas enters and leaves the layer (12) freely via the through-hole.    USE - As modifier which modifies hydrocarbon group fuel and removes hydrogen and carbon monoxide e.g. for fuel cell, absorber, atmospheric purifier and bioreactor.    ADVANTAGE - The modification-reaction device has high hydrogen generation ability, without reducing catalyst ability, even if gas flow rate is increased. The reaction device has low pressure loss and high durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the modification-reaction device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction container (10)    gas inlet (11)    catalyst filled layer (12)    gas outlet (13)    penetration gas passageway (14)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a fuel cell and an impurity removal filter (62) in a water path. A heating gas and oxidizing agent gas are reacted in the fuel cell, and electric power is generated.    USE - Used for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system is economical and compact. Impurities such as dust are effectively and easily removed using the impurity removal filter. Gas flows smoothly, and electric power generation is efficiently performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The impurity removal filter comprises a metal, a sintered metal, cloth, a non-woven fabric, paper or resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a tank of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    water tank (11)    air humidification tank (12)    piping (24)    impurity removal filter (62)    dividing wall (63)
NOVELTY - A planar-shaped catalytic structure (44) is installed in a reaction chamber (40), and a gas blower (43) having trapezoidal grooves at its either ends is arranged in the center of the structure. The gas blower has several circular gas blowing holes for blowing gas towards the structure. A coating film substrate (42) is arranged at the outer side of the catalyst.    USE - Hot wire chemical vapor deposition apparatus is used for formation of thin film such as amorphous silicon film on a substrate for use in manufacture of electrophotographic photoreceptor, solar cell, image sensor, optical sensor, thin film transistor, etc.    ADVANTAGE - A film of uniform thickness is formed reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of hot wire chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    Reaction chamber (40)    Coating film (42)    Catalyst (44)    Gas blower (45)    Temperature controller (48)
NOVELTY - A gas supply port supplies halogen-containing gas after stopping supply of silicon-containing process gas in a film formation chamber. A detector detects the temperature within an exhaust tube connected to an exhaustion pump. A control unit controls the supply amount of halogen-containing gas based on the detected temperature of the exhaustion pump.    USE - Used for manufacturing a thin film such as a silicon thin film used in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The generation of heat by the reaction of source gas and cleaning gas in the chamber is suppressed. Cleaning process time is reduced by the removal of source gas from the film formation chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for cleaning.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart illustrating thin film manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide purification catalyst contains ruthenium and iron, and removes carbon monoxide from reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide in hydrogen purification apparatus (claimed) which produces hydrogen used as fuels such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide purification catalyst effectively removes carbon monoxide byproduct during the manufacture of hydrogen. The catalyst suppresses methanation reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen purification apparatus (10) which has a supply portion (I) for supplying reformed gas, a supply portion (II) for mixing gas containing oxygen with the reformed gas, and a catalyst reaction portion through which the reformed gas mixed with oxygen is passed. The reaction portion contains carbon monoxide purification catalyst; and    (2) hydrogen purification method which involves mixing gas containing oxygen with reformed gas, and passing the formed mixture through carbon monoxide purification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of hydrogen purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification catalyst layer (1)    Carbon monoxide transformation catalyst layer (2)    Carbon monoxide purification catalyst layer (3)    Oxygen supply portion (3a)    Hydrogen purification apparatus (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell and methane fermentation cycle system has methane fermentation tank (28), and fuel cell (12) having air electrode (cathode) (14) and fuel electrode (20) (anode). The biogas produced in the tank (28) is introduced to anode, and simultaneously anode effluent gas is introduced to the tank.    USE - The system is useful for recycling organic refuse and food waste, and electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell and methane fermentation cycle system converts organic waste to methane gas efficiently, decreases sludge production and prevents draining of methane bacterium. The system promotes methanation reaction and converts methane gas to electrical energy at high efficiency. The system is eco-friendly and inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline flowchart of the methane fermentation cycle system using the low temperature form fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (12)    Air electrode (14)    Fuel electrode (18)    Fuel charging line (20)    Methane fermentation tank (28)    Heat exchanger (40)    Carbon dioxide separation column (42)    Carbon dioxide supplied air piping (50)
NOVELTY - Gas detection circuit has detectors (10,11) with respective heaters (2,3), (4,5). Output of detectors is normalized with calculated hydrogen sensitivity conversion factor and corrected by humidity correction factor, to get hydrogen concentration in gas. Correction factor is calculated from correlation of difference in humidity output of detectors, and humidity correction amount, in known humidity environment.    USE - For detecting leakage of hydrogen from fuel cell system (claimed) used for electric power generation in motor vehicle (claimed), such as electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Even if the sensed gas is humid, the gas sensor having low power consumption, can easily distinguish hydrogen, and humidity. The sensor has high-speed response.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system; and    (2) motor vehicle with fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view and perspective view of the gas detecting units of the sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heaters (2-5)    Gas supply ports (14)
NOVELTY - The elastic leakage prevention units (132,136) isolates a solenoid (14) which displaces a shaft (46) when excited, and main portion of the valve (126), to prevent leakage of reactive gas to solenoid. The leakage prevention units are latched with the shaft and bent with respect to movement of the shaft.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enables smooth displacement of the shaft, by which valve is smoothly operated to exhaust reactive gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of solenoid valve.    casing (12)    solenoid (14)    shaft (46)    diaphragm (92)    valve seat (104)    valve (126)    elastic leakage prevention units (132,136)
NOVELTY - Photoelectric solar generator (1) comprises a flexible plastic film as support layer (4) and a solar cell layer arranged on the support layer. The support layer has a thickness of maximum 1.0 mm and the solar cell layer (5) has a thickness of 0.025 mm. The solar cell layer is made from copper, indium, gallium and selenium (a CIGS layer).    USE - Photoelectric solar generator for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The solar generator can be applied to different substrates in vehicles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the solar generator.    solar generator (1)    substrate (2)    lacquer layer (3)    support layer (4)    solar cell layer (5)    self-adhering adhesive (6)    protective layer (8)
NOVELTY - Porous honeycomb segments (2) are laminated with adhesive layers (3) interposed between the segment surfaces (2a) to be adhered. The whole of the laminated segment is pressurized in respective directions (F1, F2) simultaneously through the honeycomb segment positioned in the outer layer, after laminating a predetermined number of honeycomb segments.    USE - Used for joining a honeycomb structure for a microparticle collection filter, internal combustion engine, boiler, chemical reaction apparatus or a modifier for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process prevents abnormal peeling of the adhesive layer and the honeycomb segment can be joined uniformly according to desired bonding strength irrespective of lamination ranking.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory diagram of the ceramic honeycomb structure joining process.    honeycomb segments (2)    surface (2a)    adhesive layer (3)    horizontal supporting plate (11)    pressurization directions (F1, F2)
NOVELTY - A chemical solar cell comprises an iodine oxidation-reduction electrolyte layer (3) whose transmittance of 550 num is more than 85%.    USE - Used as a chemical solar cell for portable display apparatus used in residences, in office buildings for displaying company names and logos, in vehicles and ships for displaying the name and nationality of the vehicle or ship, and in other machines.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell enables clear and vivid display of information.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a chemical solar cell assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic vies of the chemical solar cell.    semiconductor electrode (1)    counter electrode (2)    electric conduction layer (2b)    electrolyte layer (3)    seals (5a,5b)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly comprises: (i) a portable fuel cell having a cathode in fluid connection with an oxidant intake port and an anode; and (ii) a filter assembly positioned in fluid connection with the oxidant intake port and the cathode. The filter assembly has a particulate removal feature or a chemical adsorbent feature; and a water buffer feature.    USE - For portable equipment, e.g. telephones, personal computing devices, lap top computers and pagers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention improves the feasibility and reliability of the portable fuel cells, e.g. direct methanol fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell assembly comprises:    (a) a portable fuel cell (30) having a cathode (32) in fluid connection with an oxidant intake port and an anode (34); and    (b) a filter assembly (100, 200) positioned in fluid connection with the oxidant intake port and the cathode.    The filter assembly comprises a particulate removal feature or a chemical adsorbent feature; and a water buffer feature. It is constructed and configured in the fuel cell so that an oxidant, entering via the intake port, passes through the filter assembly, and so that water vapor, from the cathode, is managed by the water buffer feature to achieve a desired humidity level.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell assembly.    Electronic equipment (20)    Portable fuel cell (30)    Cathode (32)    Anode (34)    Methanol (44)    Filter assembly (100, 200)
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel is burnt by air with a burner (17). The excess air ratio with respect to the fuel is less than 1. The feed rate of air is reduced and supply of water vapor is started to start the modification reaction, in the fuel cell system.    USE - For starting fuel cell system used for generating hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system is started without degrading the catalyst by oxidation, by utilizing a simple apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrocarbon fuel is burnt by air with a burner. The excess air ratio with respect to the fuel is less than 1. The feed rate of air is reduced and supply of water vapor is started to start modification reaction, in the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system has a fuel cell (7) which is supplied with reformed gas generated in the modification-catalyst layer, burner discharging hydrocarbon group fuel and air at the entrance of the modification-catalyst layer, and an unit for supplying water vapor to the entrance side of the catalyst layer.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) fuel cell system; and    (2) termination of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modification-reaction device (1)    Carbon monoxide-removal device (5)    Fuel cell (7)    Heater (15)    Burner (17)
NOVELTY - A conveyance line (16) has inlet (53) through which air (k2) for oxidizing carbon monoxide in reformed gas, is introduced. A fuel cell stack (3) generates electric power using oxidizing gas (k3) and reformed gas after oxidation of carbon monoxide. The flow amount of oxidizing gas is increased when the stack voltage (Vs) is below the preset voltage.    USE - Fuel cell power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The system is made to run stably even during the reduction of the stack voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel treatment equipment (2) pre-heating the process water, has denaturation unit (22) for heat exchange and a burner (25) for heating burner gas. The flow amount of the process water is increased or decreased when the temperature of the denaturation unit is lower than the minimum temperature or higher than the maximum temperature respectively. When the temperature of the denaturation unit is between the minimum and maximum temperatures, the flow amount of hydrocarbon group fuel is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell stack (3)    Conveyance line (16)    Inlet (53)    Air (k2)    Oxidizing gas (k3)    Stack voltage (Vs)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (11) generates electric power using the hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen supply unit (10) and air. The supply unit has a pair of hydrogen storage units (10a,10b) to generate heat and absorb heat during supply of hydrogen, respectively. The storage unit (10a) hydrolyzes metal hydride to generate hydrogen.    USE - Fuel cell system for use in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is efficiently produced using the heat generated by the storage unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen occlusion material is used in the storage unit (10b). A connection unit supplies heat generated in one storage unit to another storage unit. A heat exchanger exchanges heat between the storage unit (10b) and the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack starts electric power generation using the heat generated by the storage unit (10a). The supply amount of heat to storage unit (10a) from another storage unit and fuel cell stack is controlled based on the detected exhaust heat temperature of the storage unit and fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen supply unit (10)    Storage units (10a, 10b)    Fuel cell stack (11)    Control unit (14)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (1) consists of modified catalyst layer (7), hydrocarbon-type fuel supplying unit, carbon monoxide shift catalyst layer (17), steam generators (13,15), and controlling unit. The steam generators evaporate water. The controlling unit switches pipeline supplying water vapor to inlet of catalyst layer (7), and steam generators which drive according to load.    USE - For fuel cell system to generate electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus effectively stabilizes temperature of reformed gas entering the carbon monoxide shift catalyst layer. The degradation of catalyst by oxidation during purging, is prevented by stopping fuel cell system, and the structure of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (1) consists of modified catalyst layer (7), hydrocarbon-type fuel supplying unit, carbon monoxide shift catalyst layer (17), steam generators (13,15), and controlling unit. The hydrocarbon-type fuel supplying unit discharges hydrocarbon-type fuel to inlet of the catalyst layer (7). The catalyst layer (17) is provided at exit of the catalyst layer (7). The steam generators evaporate water which is supplied from outside, and are provided in reformed gas flow path between the catalyst layers (7 and 17). The controlling unit switches pipeline supplying water vapor generated with the steam generators to the inlet of the catalyst layer (7), and the steam generators which drive according to load.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method of stopping fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (1)    modified catalyst layer (3)    steam generators (13,15)    carbon monoxide shift catalyst (17)
NOVELTY - A melted silicon (9) is solidified upwards from the bottom portion in a casting mold (8), to obtain a silicon ingot which is polycrystalline silicon. The height of silicon ingot is set to h (in mm). The solidification speed until solidification of less than h/3 range is maintained at 0.13-1.6 mm/minute from starting. The speed during solidification of h/3 or more range to less than 4h/5 range is set to 0.05-0.5 mm/minute.    USE - For manufacturing polycrystalline silicon for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polycrystalline silicon with uniform crystal grain diameter and large crystal grain, is obtained efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A melted silicon (9) is solidified upwards from the bottom portion in a casting mold (8), to obtain a silicon ingot which is polycrystalline silicon. The height of silicon ingot is set to h (in mm). The solidification speed until the solidification of less than h/3 range is maintained at 0.13-1.6 mm/minute from solidification start. The speed during solidification of h/3 or more range to less than 4h/5 range is set to 0.05-0.5 mm/minute. The solidification speed from 4h/5 range till solidification completion is maintained at 0.05-0.3 mm/minute.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the polycrystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Chamber (1)    Lower chamber (2)    Dividing wall (3)    Heating heater (4)    Communication port (5)    Casting mold (8)    Melted silicon (9)
NOVELTY - Ammonia produced in waste water, during organic waste processing, is collected. The collected ammonia is decomposed using an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and hydrogen is recovered. The recovered hydrogen is supplied to an electric power generating apparatus, and electric power is obtained.    USE - For recovering energy such as electric power energy from ammonia derived from treatment of organic waste such as sewage sludge, human waste and/or livestock excrement.    ADVANTAGE - The energy recovery method efficiently decomposes ammonia and obtains hydrogen. The waste material is effectively used and recycled. Reduction of catalytic activity of ammonia decomposition catalyst is prevented even in the presence of water vapor. Efficient energy recovery is performed even in a small scale waste disposal and treatment facility. The ammonia having high energy density is stored and handled easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the energy recovery method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An impeller (1) supported by a shaft (7) fixed to a pump case (5), is provided with blades (2) at its upper peripheral portion. A rotor magnet (3) is arranged at internal circumference of the impeller. A motor stator (4) arranged at internal circumference side of the magnet, is separated from the impeller by a divisions plate in airtight state.    USE - For conveying methanol to fuel cell, coolant such as antifreezing solution to aircraft, for circulating coolant to cool electronic components such as central processing unit.    ADVANTAGE - The size of the pump is reduced, by integrally forming the blade and rotor magnet, hence manufacturing cost is low. The structure of the pump is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A suction inlet (9) and a discharge opening are provided in the pump case. The shaft is fixed to division plate or pump case. The impeller is integrally provided with the magnetic substance material. A portion of the impeller near the division plate, is subjected to water repellent process so as to form a fluorine coating film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the small vortex pump.    impeller (1)    blades (2)    rotor magnet (3)    motor stator (4)    pump case (5)    shaft (7)    suction inlet (9)
NOVELTY - A sealing agent (14) and protective layer (15) of wider width are adhered on light receiving surface of solar cell sheet (10). A cell block (13) is patterned on sealing agent, and outline of cell block region acting as scrap is cut, and sealing agent is peeled. A sealing agent (17) of equal width is adhered on cell non-light receiving side, after attaching leads (16) to surface side, to form solar module of unit length.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell module used in roof of building, house or outdoor environment.    ADVANTAGE - Manufactures solar cell module with high reliability, water and moisture proof. Improves the utilization factor of the solar cell sheet, and reduces the manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the solar cell module manufacturing process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    sealing agent (14,17)    protective layer (15)    solar cell sheet (10)    cell block (13)    leads (16)
NOVELTY - A cover glass formed on the window layer of the solar cell module is separated by heat processing, after removal of edge strips from the module. The window and buffer layers are removed chemically using weak acid, after which an optical absorption layer is removed by mechanical scrapping process. The substrate of the solar cell module is recovered, by removing a metal electrode arranged at reverse-side of the module using nitric acid.    USE - For recovery of construction elements such as edge strips including frame, sealant, back sheet and connection box for electrical wiring, and cover-glass, window layer, buffer layer, optical absorption layer, metal electrode and substrate of copper indium selenium (CIS) type thin film solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The construction elements of the solar cell module are easily separated, and reused efficiently. Thereby, decreasing manufacturing cost of the solar cell, and reducing the amount of generation of industrial waste and waste treatment expense.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart of the construction elements recovery process.(Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A solar cell has light-receiving-surface lateral electrodes (13) using silver (Ag) as the main material, formed on a contact layer (12). The electrode is covered with a metal protective coat comprising gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni) or their alloys, and the portion of the contact layer not formed with the electrode, is removed.    USE - Used as a semiconductor solar cell using III and V group compounds.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing cost of the solar cell is reduced, since silver is used as the main material of the electrode instead of gold. The solar cell has high reliability and is of small size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for III and V group compound-semiconductor solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the III and V group compound-semiconductor solar cell.    germanium substrate (10)    Epi layer (11)    contact layer (12)    light-receiving-surface lateral electrodes (13)    reverse-side electrode (14)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas moisture control apparatus has hydrogen flow paths (I, II) or hydrogen chambers for supply of hydrogen gas, and a moisture content conveyance component. The moisture content conveyance component passes water and/or water vapor during separation of hydrogen flow paths (I and II) or hydrogen chambers.    USE - For controlling moisture of hydrogen gas generated by fuel reforming and steam reforming in fuel cell (claimed) used for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas moisture control apparatus maintains favorable humidity inside the fuel cell. The conveyance of moisture content is easily and reliably enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell (14);    (2) hydrogen gas moisture controlling method; and    (3) moisture control of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing illustrating the outline structure of fuel cell using hydrogen gas moisture control apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separator (6)    Fuel cell (14)    Electric power generation cells (15-18)    Electric power generation portion (19)    Proton conductor (20)
NOVELTY - Inlet and outlet openings (16, 19) for gases are located on single narrow side of individual cells (14). The cells are pressed together transversely to their flat sides under pre-loading, in regions of their intrinsic resilience. Pressure is held until the individual cells are fixed together, under preloading.    USE - To make a fuel cell stack for a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is space-saving and ideal for use in vehicles. Manufacture is economical. Assembly tolerances and length variations are compensated without need for additional springs. Self-resilience of pressings may be used, in forming end plates. If required, they can also be made of graphite or other materials. Mounting costs are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) the metal plate used to form the stack; and    (2) the stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross section through a schematic stack construction is shown.    Metal plates (1)    Coolant channel (13)    Individual cells (14)    Inlet and outlet openings (16, 19)
NOVELTY - Selective sintering of film materials on a substrate, the film materials being susceptible to heating by microwave energy involves applying a layer of film material to a substrate to form a coated product which is then exposed to microwave energy tuned for heating the film material.    USE - To form a photovoltaic cell (claimed) and other multi-component devices.    ADVANTAGE - Microwave energy provides rapid sintering and densification of thin or thick film materials on the substrate material and the thin film is sintered to the underlying substrate without appreciable heating of the substrate. Microwave energy can be adjusted and optimized by altering microwave parameters (e.g. frequency, power and wave guides), changing physical properties of materials for selectively heating and sintering individual components of a multi-component device while maintaining the integrity of the other components. Use of microwave energy avoids exposing all the components of multi-component device to temperatures, detrimental to physical properties of certain components as done in conventional heating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sintering can also be carried out by nebulizing the film material and exposing it to microwave energy to be heated and then depositing it on the substrate. Alternatively, the substrate is initially exposed to the microwave energy to be heated at a temperature that causes sintering of the film material and then the film material is applied over the substrate.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for forming a deposited film on a substrate (101) by generating plasma in a discharge space (105) defined between a power-applying electrode (106) and the substrate in a vacuum chamber (102), and decomposing a material gas fed into the vacuum chamber. The power-applying electrode is provided with an undulation on its surface on the side of discharge space.    USE - Deposited-film formation on substrate, e.g. formation of a thin silicon film in solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides thin films having a thickness that is uniform in the substrate width direction even when the electrode-substrate distance is shortened, in order to form the films at a faster rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A deposited-film formation apparatus for forming a deposited film on a substrate (101) operates by generating plasma in a discharge space (105) defined between a power-applying electrode and the substrate (101) in a vacuum chamber (102), and decomposing a material gas fed into the vacuum chamber (102).    The substrate (101) has flexibility, and the power applying electrode (106) is provided with an undulation on its surface on the side of discharge space in such a way that the distance between the substrate (101) and the power-applying electrode (106) comes to be a desired value in agreement with the curving of the substrate (101).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (a) a deposited film formation apparatus, where the power applying electrode has a structure comprising a number of columnar members which are bundled upright with respect to the substrate; and    (b) a deposited film formation process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the deposited-film formation apparatus, according to an embodiment of the invention    Substrate (101)    Vacuum chamber (102)    Discharge space (105)    Power-applying electrode (106)    Adjuster plates (111)
NOVELTY - The hybrid energy conversion system utilizes heat generated from engine such as externally heated engine, internal combustion engine, to produce hydrogen from feedstock. A portion of the hydrogen is supplied to fuel cell for energy conversion.    USE - For rapid conversion and storage of energy from regenerative braking, and recovery of energy for high efficiency engine, diesel engine, piston engine, turbine, piston motor, expansive chamber motor, expansive chamber engine, fuel cell, hybrid vehicle. Also for conversion of kinetic energy of stopping of vehicle, or renewable energy such as solar, wind or hydro-electricity into densely storable quantities of hydrogen or water for quick and efficient development of heat, partial oxidation processes, shaft power, and electricity .    ADVANTAGE - Allows quick and efficient energy conversion. Hence provides an inexpensive, safe, renewable, fuel supply system, reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a schematic view of the internal combustion engine.    output shaft (14)    flywheel (18)    flywheel markers (20)    electronic controller (24)    fuel detector (27)
NOVELTY - A fuel cartridge (1) has two chambers (3, 4) with a partition wall (2) in between. A liquid transfer medium (7) supplies liquid such as water stored in one of the chambers (3) by capillary phenomenon to the other chamber (4) in which solid material such as metal hydrogen compounds etc. and a hydrogen occlusion alloy are accommodated for hydrogen generation.    USE - Used for fuel cells (claimed) used in portable electronic devices especially mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cartridge can maintain low surface temperature and low internal pressure without the need for external power without degrading the power generation efficiency and quantity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cartridge for fuel cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cartridge (1)    partition walls (2,9)    chambers (3,4)    liquid supply port (5)    space (8)    hydrogen exhaust port (10)
NOVELTY - Gas-phase dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon is performed to manufacture hydrogen. The hydrocarbon supplied to the dehydrogenation reaction contains 95% or more of naphthene compound. The catalyst layer is maintained at mean temperature of 270-500 degrees Celsius during the dehydrogenation reaction, and the liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) is 0.5-10.    USE - Manufacturing hydrogen used for fuel cells, preferably for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen of high purity is effectively manufactured in a single step dehydrogenation reaction, and hence post-processing apparatus is not required, and size of apparatus is also minimized. Dehydrogenation is effectively performed without decomposing the hydrocarbon. The aromatic compound obtained as dehydrogenated product is further hydrogenated and recycled as naphthene compound, and hence byproducts are also effectively utilized.
NOVELTY - The solar cell has at least 2 electrodes (102,105) and a heterojunction layer. The heterojunction layer is formed by carrying out mix-dispersion of carbon black (104), and electron-accepting or electron-donating conjugated polymer (103). The conjugated polymer has number average molecular weight of 50000-200000. The amount of carbon black contained in the dispersed conjugated polymer is 10-75 weight%.    USE - For electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has excellent quantum efficiency and high photoelectric energy conversion efficiency. The carbon black is dispersed favorably. The solar cell provides efficient and economical electronic device. The solar cell is manufactured simply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the principal portion of the solar cell.    Substrate (101)    Transparent electrode (102)    Conjugated polymer (103)    Carbon black (104)    Upper electrode (105)
NOVELTY - The nano composite electrolyte film is obtained by dispersing silicate nanoparticle having layer structure in polymer having cation exchange group, and inserting polymer in interlayer of nanoparticle. Each layer in the nanoparticle is peeled.    USE - For fuel cell, especially polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell and liquid fuel direct supply type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The nano composite electrolyte film effectively suppresses the cross-over of polar organic fuels such as methanol and has favorable ionic conductivity. The electrolyte film provides fuel cell with excellent operating efficiency and improved lifetime.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The temperature detectors (19a-c) detect environmental temperature based on temperature of fuel cell periphery, temperature inside fuel cell and fuel cell cooling medium temperature, respectively. A desorption judging unit judges whether water is desorbed from an absorber inside the fuel cell, based on output of any one of detectors. An execution unit desorbs water from the absorber based on judgment result.    USE - For generating electric power using fuel cell e.g. solid polymer film-type fuel cell, to drive vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is operated continuously to generate electric power, by preventing freezing of water, due to the provision of water absorber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell system (10)    temperature detectors (19a-c)    anode (22)    cathode (23)
NOVELTY - The needle bearing (30) consists of an outer rim (31), needle (32), holder (33) and a rubber sealing device (35). The rubber sealing device is made of fluororubber composition, and integrates a metal core (34). The fluororubber composition contains specific copolymers such as vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene tetrafluoro propylene trinary copolymer, each formed by cross-linking with organic peroxide.    USE - For scroll-type compressor used for fuel cell system (both claimed) and air conditioners.    ADVANTAGE - The needle bearing has excellent steam-proof property, chemical-resistance and sealing property. The needle bearing is effectively utilized for scroll-type compressor which enables fuel cell system to generate stable electric power for long period of time. The operation of scroll-type compressor is stabilized even when water vapor penetrates in to the crank-cotter pin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The needle bearing (30) consists of an outer rim (31), needle (32), holder (33) and a rubber sealing device (35). The rubber sealing device is made of fluororubber composition, and integrates a metal core (34). The fluororubber composition contains at least 1 type of vinylidene fluoride hexa fluoropropylene binary copolymer, vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene tetrafluoro propylene trinary copolymer, vinylidene fluoride tetrafluoroethylene propylene trinary copolymer and tetrafluoroethylene propylene binary copolymer, each formed by cross-linking with organic peroxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) scroll-type compressor; and    (2) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of shell-type needle bearing.    needle bearing (30)    outer rim (31)    needle (32)    holder (33)    metal core (34)    sealing device (35)
NOVELTY - The roller bearing (300) in the pumping machine of a fuel cell system, is sealed by mixed grease containing fluorine group grease obtained by reacting base oil, such as fluorine oil and thickening agent, such as fluororesin, and another grease other than fluorine group grease. The fuel cell system comprises a pumping machine and a fuel cell stack.    USE - For pumping machine of fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The roller bearing has favorable heat resistance and water resistance, and provides fuel cell system having high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) pumping machine of fuel cell; and    (2) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the roller bearing.    roller bearing (300)    inner ring (301)    outer ring (302)    holder (303)    ball (304)    seal (305)
NOVELTY - The microparticle density in an irradiated plasma chamber (11) is detected. The temperature of a substrate holder (14), the modulation of a pattern of a high frequency electric power unit (18), source gas flow rate and dilution gas volume w.r.t. a plasma-chemical vapor deposition apparatus, are controlled according to the detected microparticle density.    USE - Used for manufacturing a silicon-type amorphous semiconductor thin film used in solar cells, and thin film transistors for liquid crystal displays, using plasma-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Defect density in the semiconductor thin film is reduced, decreasing photodegradation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a silicon-type amorphous semiconductor thin film manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the silicon-type amorphous semiconductor thin film manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    plasma chamber (11)    laser (12)    substrate holder (14)    high frequency electrode (16)    gas supply line (17)    high frequency electric power unit (18)
NOVELTY - A silicon-film forming composition comprises a high order silane, cyclopentasilane, a silicon particle and a dispersion medium. The composition has dangling-bond density of 1x10 to the power 17 piece/cm3.    USE - For forming polycrystalline silicon-film used in solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The silicon-film forming composition forms polycrystalline silicon-film having favorable film thickness, efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silicon-film forming composition comprises a high order silane, cyclopentasilane, a silicon particle and a dispersion medium. The composition has dangling-bond density of 1x10 to the power 17 piece/cm3. The high order silane is of formula SinXm;    X = hydrogen or halogen atom;    n = at least 11; and    m = (2n-2), 2n or (2n+2).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) forming polycrystalline silicon-film, which involves applying silicon-film forming composition on a substrate, and processing obtained coating film by applying heat and/or light; and    (2) solar cell comprising at least one polycrystalline silicon-film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the particle size distribution of the silicon particle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A vacuum vessel (50) mounted with a film-forming substrate (2) inside, has the gas introduction ports (11-1, 11-2) through which material gas (G-1, G-2) is introduced into the vessel. The anodes (13) equipped with catalyst function which promotes decomposition of the material gas and the cathodes (14), are provided at one surface side of the substrate.    USE - Chemical-vapor deposition apparatus for decomposing material gas and processing thin film on substrate by plasma chemical vapor deposition process, is used for manufacture of semiconductor film such as amorphous silicon and insulating film used in electronic device such as integrated circuit, liquid crystal display, organic electroluminescent element, solar cell and thin film transistor.    ADVANTAGE - High quality film is formed at high gas dissociation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a chemical-vapor-deposition apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Film-forming substrate (2)    Gas introduction port (11-1, 11-2)    Anode (13)    Cathode (14)    Vacuum vessel (50)    Material gas (G-1, G-2)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has heat absorption unit which includes latent heat storage agent (30) for reversibly absorbing heat produced during electric power generation.    USE - Fuel cell is used for portable electronic device such as video camera, mobile telephone, electronic note book and note book personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Since the heat produced during electric power generation is reversibly absorbed by latent heat storage agent, the temperature rise of battery container and the positive electrode with release of high energy is suppressed, reliably. The evaporation of water content of electrolytic film is prevented and battery capability is maintained effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a fuel cell.    Anode (11)    Cathode (12)    Electrolyte film (13)    Wall portion (20)    Latent heat storage agent (30)
NOVELTY - A valve (44) connected to a rod (42), opens/closes a fluid route connecting the inlet and outlet ports (12,14) in a housing (16). A backing pressure chamber (34) at the edge of the rod, assigns pressure opposing to valve. An aspirator chamber (80) maintained at reduced pressure by suction effect of a nozzle (94), is arranged adjacent to the valve. The continuous hole (62,78) formed in the rod connects both the chambers.    USE - For use in fuel cell, heating gas supply apparatus used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The connection of the backing pressure chamber and aspirator chamber, improves pressure flow characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the regulator.    Inlet and outlet ports (12,14)    Housing (16)    Backing pressure chamber (34)    Rod (42)    Valve (44)    Continuous hole (62,78)    Aspirator chamber (80)    Nozzle (94)
NOVELTY - The method involves providing an electrolyte film (10) with polymer having sodium-ion exchange function, for contacting an anode (11) to a cathode (12), in an aqueous solution of sodium compound. By applying direct current (DC) voltage to the anode and the cathode, the carbon dioxide in sludge digestion gas from scrubber (15), is formed as carbonate on the cathode, and hydrogen gas is generated.    USE - In gas treating system (claimed) such as water treatment system, for treating sludge-digestion gas containing carbon dioxide ejected from diesel engine and foodstuff industry, to remove hydrogen gas which is used in generation of fuel used for fuel cell and gas turbine.    ADVANTAGE - The removal of carbon-dioxide and hydrogen gas can be performed effectively and efficiently, at less cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sludge digestion gas contains carbon dioxide and water content. The scrubber contains droplets of water or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The aqueous solution of carbonate generated from the cathode side, is used as pH regulator in the nitrification process of water treatment, and is used as sodium ion source substance.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) gas treatment equipment; and gas treating system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the water treatment system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    gas treatment equipment (1)    electrolyte film (10)    anode (11)    cathode (12)    scrubber (15)
NOVELTY - Desulfurization of hydrocarbon gases comprises using a copper catalyst at -50 to 150 degrees C and 0.1-10 bar.    USE - The process is useful for producing sulfur-free hydrocarbon gases (especially natural gas) for producing hydrogen, especially for operating fuel cells (claimed), preferably in automobiles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a catalyst comprising 30-99.8 wt.% copper oxide and 0.2-70 wt.% of a Group IIB, IIIB, IVB, VIB, VIII, IIIA or IVA metal oxide with a melting point of at least 250 degrees C.
NOVELTY - A noble metal-free water gas shift catalyst comprises nickel; and germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, tellurium, lead, and/or their oxides.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen-rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst enables efficient and economical production of hydrogen-rich gas. The catalyst exhibits both high activity and selectivity to hydrogen generation and carbon monoxide oxidation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) production of hydrogen-rich gas by reacting carbon monoxide-containing gas (e.g. synthesis gas) with the above noble metal-free water gas shift catalyst in the presence of water at not more than 450 degrees C; and    (b) a fuel processing system for generation of hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon fuel, comprising a fuel reformer having an inlet for receiving a fuel reactant stream containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon fuel, a reaction chamber for converting the reactant stream to a reformed product stream containing carbon monoxide and water, and an outlet for discharging the product stream; a water gas shift reactor for effecting a water gas shift reaction at less than 450 degrees C, and including an inlet for receiving a water gas shift feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and water, a reaction chamber comprising a water gas shift catalyst for generating hydrogen and carbon dioxide from the water gas shift feed stream, and an outlet for discharging the resulting hydrogen-rich gas; and a temperature controller for maintaining the temperature of the reaction chamber of water gas shift reactor at less than 450 degrees C.
NOVELTY - A silicon wafer is prepared by: (i) adding a binder to silicon powder having a mean particle size of 0.5 -7.2 (preferably at most 2) microns; (ii) mixing; and (iii) sintering by a powder metallurgy method. The sintered body has sintered density at least 90% and contents of oxygen of at most10,000 parts per million.    USE - In solar cells (claimed) for thermal-power generation and nuclear power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables stable supply of high-density silicon material at a low cost within the range of wide application of silicon raw material. The method reduces degradation of semiconductor characteristics. The silicon wafer exhibits improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. The method can control grain size and impurities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing silicon wafer involving: mixing at least one organic material (A) selected from polyvinyl butyral (PVB), camphor, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) or paraffin with silicon powder; pressing the mixture to form a formed body; and sintering the green body by heating under hydrogen gas atmosphere for predetermined hours. The organic material is used as binder.
NOVELTY - A heating gas of preset pressure is supplied to a fuel cell system (1) equipped with reformer (11) which adds and modifies water vapor to the heating gas, to obtain hydrogen. The heating gas is a liquid of heating gas of pressure which is pressure-reduced to preset pressure, rather than gas which is filled and stored in closed-type pressurized container (51) in which exchange or replenishment of contents are carried out.    USE - For supplying heating gas such as liquefied petroleum gas and dimethyl ether for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The method is suitable for adjusting high pressure to favorable pressure for reacting with water vapor in modifier without using pressure regulation equipment. The consumption of heating gas required for the billing information is easily measured by counting the turnover rate of the gas cylinder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for heating gas supply apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of heating gas supply apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell system (1)    heating gas supply apparatus (5)    modifier (11)    closed type pressurized container (51)    pressure regulator (53)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell consists of a fuel electrode (12) and an oxidizing agent electrode (13) provided via an electrolyte (11). The fuel electrode is adjoined, and has a fuel chamber (15). A liquid fuel (15A) and a polymer compound are contained in the fuel chamber.    USE - As fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell suppresses crossover, and has improved stability and electric power generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of structure of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolyte (11)    Fuel electrode (12)    Oxidizing agent electrode (13)    Fuel chamber (15)    Liquid fuel (15A)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon modifying catalyst comprises a spinel compound consisting of three types of different metals (A-C).    USE - For hydrocarbon degrading apparatus used in modifier for fuel cells (both claimed), for modifying hydrocarbon such as paraffins, cycloparaffins, olefins and cycloolefins, especially isooctane and methane, in steam reforming process, and for manufacturing hydrogen for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon modifying catalyst is highly effective in modifying hydrocarbon, and is inexpensive. The catalyst has easy handleability, excellent durability, long life and stable activity for longer duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrocarbon degrading apparatus, which uses the catalyst; and    (2) modifier for fuel cells, which consists of the hydrocarbon degrading apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the X-ray diffraction spectrum of catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon is obtained reacting high purity zinc gas and high purity silicon tetrachloride. The silicon comprises dendrite or scaly crystal. 50 wt.% or more of the polycrystalline silicon did not pass through screen with size of 1 mm. The polycrystalline silicon used for solar cell has resistance value (N) of more than 0.1 ohm.cm or resistance value (P) of more than 1 ohm.cm.    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polycrystalline silicon of high purity is provided.
NOVELTY - The volume density of combustion air is increased by regulating a cooling unit (62) using a controller (24) and reducing the temperature of combustion air, when the amount of combustion air flow exceeds the air required to vaporize fuel, to maintain power consumption of an air pump (61) within acceptance range.    USE - For fuel cell integrated electric vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves energy efficiency of the fuel cell system by controlling the power consumption of air pump within preset range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air pump supplies combustion air for producing combustion gas to be passed through a heating fluid flow path (70) with a pressure control valve (66) which increases air pressure when the volume density of combustion air is increased .    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell integrated electric vehicle which has fuel evaporator (22a) to vaporize fuel to produce heating gas. A fuel cell system generates electric power required to run a vehicle, by supplying modified heating gas to a fuel cell. A system controller (43) calculates the amount of electric power generation of fuel cell system;    (2) computer program has several steps to determine whether the amount of combustion airflow required in order to vaporize fuel exceeds the amount of combustion airflow which has to be supplied within the range of the acceptance power consumption of air pump and to limit the power consumption of air pump in the range of acceptable power consumption; and    (3) computer readable recording medium for storing the computer program.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel evaporator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel evaporator (22a)    controller (24)    system controller (43)    air pump (61)    cooling unit (63)    pressure control valve (66)    heating fluid flow path (70)
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer has modifier to which original fuel with water vapor is supplied for reforming steam, when temperature of modifier catalyst heated using burner reaches set level, while starting fuel cell. The modifier reformed gas is supplied to carbon monoxide (CO) transformer to increase transformer catalyst temperature. The transformer reformed gas is supplied to CO removal device, to increase catalyst temperature in removal device.    USE - For starting polymer electrolyte fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the time required for raising the temperature of catalyst of CO transformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph illustrating the variation in catalyst temperature of CO transformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The regulator has a spring (56) that biases a valve (44) to a valve seat (64), and another spring (84) that biases the valve towards direction spaced apart from seat. The biasing force of spring (56) is set greater than biasing force of the spring (84). When pilot air is not supplied to a pilot chamber (82), valve is biased to the seat, so as to set valve to normal closing state.    USE - Regulator for fuel cells in fuel cell system mounted in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The heating gas is not delivered from secondary side port, when unnecessary, as a result wastage of heating gas is prevented, and labor saving is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the regulator.    valve (44)    diaphragms (50,60)    spring (56,84)    valve seat (64)    pilot chamber (82)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has silver-paste electrodes (5,6) formed by baking silver-paste and coated with lead-free soldering layer (7). The silver-paste contains 2.8-10.0 mass.% of glass powder whose mean particle diameter is 11 mum or less. The average thickness of the electrodes is 15 mum or more.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The peeling of an interconnector connecting the solar cells is prevented, even in the environmental conditions in which the temperature and humidity fluctuates greatly. The reliability of the solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) solar cell manufacturing method;    (2) solar cells interconnector;    (3) string; and    (4) string module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    p-type silicon substrate (1)    n-type diffused layer (2)    silver-paste electrodes (5,6)    lead-free soldering layer (7)
NOVELTY - A photo-electric conversion unit has light receiving surface lateral electrode (2), P type semiconductor layer (3), silicon type light active layer (4) and N type semiconductor layer (5), sequentially laminated on a substrate (1). A P type crystalline semiconductor layer (7) is formed between the conversion unit and a reverse side lateral electrode (8).    USE - Thin film silicon type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Photodegradation of light active layer is suppressed and manufacturing cost of cell is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar cell.    Lateral electrodes (2, 8)    Semiconductor layers (3, 5, 7)    Light active layer (4)
NOVELTY - An aluminum paste used for current collection portion (5), is applied to reverse side of semiconductor substrate and is bake processed. A silver paste used for surface electrode (4), is applied to surface of the substrate and is bake processed at a low temperature. A silver paste used for output extraction unit (6) is applied on reverse side of substrate and is bake processed at high temperature.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery element used in solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Enables preventing crack of semiconductor substrate, thereby manufacturing battery element with favorable output characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a solar battery element.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Anti-reflective coating (3)    Surface electrode (4)    Current collection portion (5)    Output extraction portion (6)
NOVELTY - The method involves forming an anti-reflective coating (3) and a diffused layer (2) sequentially on a P-type silicon semiconductor substrate (1). A silver electrode (4) is formed on the surface of layer (2) and bake processed. An aluminum current collection layer (5) and a silver output extraction portion (6) are formed on the reverse side of the substrate as main component, and bake processed.    USE - For forming solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents detachment of electrode effectively and achieves favorable output characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a structure of a solar battery element.    Substrate (1)    Diffused layer (2)    Anti-reflective coating (3)    Silver electrode (4)    Collection layer (5)    Extraction portion (6)
NOVELTY - Silver paste for forming surface electrode (4) is applied on N-type diffused layer (2) of substrate (1), while applying aluminum paste for forming current collection portion (5), on P-type diffused layer (7) of substrate. Substrate is bake-processed. The silver paste for forming output extraction portion (6) is applied on specific portion of P-type diffused layer before bake-processing substrate.    USE - For forming solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents detachment of reverse-side electrode, as generation of crack in the substrate due to the stress in the overlap portion of substrate and current collection portion and output extraction portion is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar battery.    P-type semiconductor substrate (1)    N-type diffused layer (2)    Anti-reflective coating (3)    Surface electrode (4)    Current collection portion (5)    Output extraction portion (6)    P-type diffused layer (7)
NOVELTY - Onium salt of specific formula is new.    USE - For non-aqueous electrolyte of electrochemical device (claimed) such as primary or secondary lithium cell, pigment sensitizing type solar cell, wet solar cell, capacitor, electrical double layer capacitor, electrochromic element and display device, and as medium of chemo synthesis.    ADVANTAGE - The onium salt has excellent physical property and potential reduction-resistance, and high conductivity. The onium salt is liquid at normal temperature, hence used as solvent in the electrolyte of electrochemical devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Onium salt of formula (I) is new.    X = nitrogen atom or phosphorus atom;    n and m = 4-6; and    Y- = imide anion of formula (II): R1-N--R2 (R1 and R2 = group chosen from perfluoro alkyl sulfonyl group, perfluoro alkyl oxysulfonyl group, perfluoro alkyl carbonyl group or cyano group, and all of R1 and R2 are all not same groups), methide anion of formula (III): R3R4R5C- (R3, R4 and R5 = R1 and R2, and all of R3, R4 and R5 are all not same groups), borate anion of formula (IV): R6R7R8R9B- (R6, R7, R8 and R9 = perfluoro alkyl sulfonyl group, perfluoro alkyl carbonyl group, perfluoro alkyl group, cyano group or halogen atom, and all of R6, R7, R8 and R9 are all not same groups), or phosphate anion of formula (V); R10R11R12R13R14R15P- (R10 -R15 = R6, R7, R8 and R9, and all of R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 are not same groups.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) non-aqueous electrolyte formed using the onium salt; and    (2) electrochemical device formed using the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A separator layer (5) is formed on a porous semiconductor layer (4) in transparent electrically conductive film (2) over a base material (1). A back-electrode layer (6) is provided on separator layer. A charge-transport element is impregnated into the semiconductor, separator and electrode layers. A laminate film (8) having aluminum and polyethylene layers, seals layers (4,5,6) by heating polyethylene layer.    USE - Wet solar cell e.g. amorphous silicon cell, crystal silicon cell and hybrid cell.    ADVANTAGE - Sealing performance of the wet solar cell is improved by providing laminate film, thereby preventing leak of electrolyte liquid in charge-transport element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the wet solar cell.    base material (1)    porous semiconductor layer (4)    separator layer (5)    back-electrode layer (6)    laminate film (8)
NOVELTY - An oxide semiconductor porous membrane which is coated with electrically conductive glass, supports the sensitizing solar cell. The electrolyte layer of the cell formed between the counter electrode (2) and the membrane, are bonded using an inorganic type-adhesive (3), so as to seal the cell.    USE - For sealing optoelectric transducer such as pigment sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Performs effective sealing of the optoelectric transducer without deteriorating the photosensitization pigment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer sealing apparatus; and    (2) optoelectric transducer manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of optoelectric transducer sealing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    counter electrode (2)    inorganic type-adhesive (3)    clamping portion (11)    cooling portion (12)    heating portion (13)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical production of a I-III-VIy compound in thin films, where y is close to 2, comprises: (a) providing an electrolysis bath including at least one element III dissolved in the bath and two electrodes immersed in the bath; and (b) applying a potential difference between the electrodes to start the formation of a thin film of I-III-VIy on one of the electrodes. The bath includes at least one tensio-active compound favoring the incorporation of the element III in the film.    USE - The I-III-VIy semiconductor compound is used for the conception of solar cells    ADVANTAGE - The use of tensio-active compound additions allows the insertion of gallium in the precursor layers, improves the control of the morphology of the product and the composition of the precursors, in particular with regard to its gallium content. It also allows deposition over larger surface areas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematically a thin film obtained by the inventive method.    Layers of copper diselenenide and of indium-gallium as element III; (CO)    Molybdenum coating; (MO)    Glass substrate. (S)
NOVELTY - The production of a I-III-VIy composite in thin films by electrochemistry, where y is close to 2 and VI is an element containing selenium, comprises: (a) providing an electrolysis bath containing active selenium, of a degree of oxidation IV, as well as at least two electrodes; and (b) applying a potential difference between the electrodes to favor a migration of the active selenium to one of the electrodes and start the formation of at least one thin film of I-III-VIy. The process also includes a stage of regeneration of the selenium in the active form in the bath, to augment the life of the electrolysis bath.    USE - Used for the electrochemical production of thin films of type I-III-VI2 semiconductors, for the production of solar cells. In particular it can be used for the production of thin films of CuInSey (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process allows the production of thin films of I-III-VIy type semiconductor composites by electrolysis, assuring stabilization and reproducibility of the conditions of deposition. It is able to effect on large surfaces a significant number of successive thin films having the desired morphology and composition. The life of the electrolysis bath is lengthened by the efficient regeneration of the primary materials consumed during electrolysis without disturbing the composition of the electrolysis bath and since this regeneration can be achieved by adding oxygenated water it does not lead to any pollution problems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematically a thin film.    Layers of CuInSe2 (CO)    Layer of molybdenum (MO)    Glass substrate (S)
NOVELTY - A micro-structure incorporates an adherence layer (1) between a substrate (2) and a photostructurable layer (4). The adherence layer is photosensitive and disposed on at least one surface of the substrate. The adherence layer is constituted by a negative resin comprising at least one polymer of the elastomer family and at least one photo-priming component, in solution in an aromatic solvent.    USE - The invention is used for the fabrication of a micro-structure incorporating an adherence layer between a substrate and a photostructurable layer, the adherence layer being photosensitive and disposed on at least one surface of the substrate. The micro-structures may be used directly as micro-mechanical components or indirectly as positive sacrificial structures for the fabrication of metallic micro-moulds. Fabrication of microfluid, biotechnological or micro-optical components and micro fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows the rapid fabrication of micro-structures. It is also possible to cut the substrate into chips without provoking the detachment of the motifs created. It also widens the range of substrates that can be used and notably not restricting these to plastic materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fabrication of this micro-structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings illustrate the stages in the production of a micro-structure according to one mode of the invention.    Adherence layer (1)    Substrate (2)    Mask (3)    Photostructurable layer (4)    Motifs (5)
NOVELTY - Production of a photoelectric compound semiconductor layer containing an alkali metal additive comprises feeding the alkali metal additive into an absorber layer over a time period which starts later as a compound semiconductor deposition process up to its conclusion or only after the conclusion of the deposition process.    USE - For thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - No alkali metal excess effects are produced.
NOVELTY - Polyazoles (I) with an intrinsic viscosity of at least 1.3 dl/g are produced by preparing a reaction mixture comprising an aromatic tetramine and an aromatic polycarboxylic acid or ester, or a (hetero)aromatic diamino carboxylic acid, heating the mixture to 350degreesC or less under an inert gas, comminuting the mixture, fractionating the particles, heating the 300-1000 mum fraction to 450degreesC or less under an inert gas, and cooling the product.    USE - (I) are useful for producing polymer solutions, shaped products, fibers, films and coatings (claimed). The polymer solutions are useful for producing shaped products, fibers, films and coatings (claimed). The films are useful for filtration and separation of gases and liquids, for reverse osmosis or for producing proton-conducting membranes (all claimed). The membranes are useful in capacitors, in batteries, in electrolysis or for making membrane electrode units for fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (I) form storage-stable solutions and have better physical properties than prior art polyazoles (no data given).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) solutions of (I) in polar aprotic solvents;    (2) shaped products, fibers, films and coatings comprising (I);    (3) proton-conducting membranes comprising (I) and dopants;    (4) membrane electrode unit comprising at least one electrode and at least one proton-conducting membrane as above.
NOVELTY - The photoelectrochemical solar cell with a semiconductors sensitizer has a photo-anode, a counter-electrode, and a mediation chamber with a conducting substrate covered with semiconductor material under the sensitizing agent obtained from fruit extract. The counter-electrode employs a conducting substrate and a layer of catalyst material. The sensitizer extract is based on e.g. Eugenia jamobolana Lam, Euterpe oleracea, Morus nigra L. and Myrcia cauliflora Berg for conversion of solar to electrical energy.    USE - In semiconductors.
NOVELTY - A power generation control system includes fuel cell for generating power, target power provider (101), detector (102) for detecting output power, which has actual output voltage of fuel cell and controller (214) having target current computing unit (104) for calculating target current from target power and command output power computing unit (106) for calculating command output power of fuel cell based on target current and actual output voltage.    USE - For controlling power generation of fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The power generation control system ensures sufficient output power of the fuel cell and prevents deterioration of the output power, coping with the changing output characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a configuration of power generation control system.    target power provider (101)    detector (102)    target current computing unit (104)    command output power computing unit (106)    fuel cell (201)    controller. (214)
NOVELTY - Removal of sulfur compounds from gases containing hydrocarbons is carried out using catalysts (I) (other than activated carbon or zeolites) containing one or more of copper, silver, zinc, molybdenum, iron, cobalt and/or nickel, at -50 to +150degreesC and 0.1-10 bars.    USE - Typically hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxysulfide, carbon disulfide, mercaptans, disulfides or odorous sulfur compounds added to gas for safety reasons (e.g. tetrahydrothiophene, ethyl mercaptan, n-butyl mercaptan and/or tert. butyl mercatan) are removed from natural gas, domestic gas, biogas or liquefied petroleum gas (especially natural gas). The use of the process is claimed in the production of sulfur-free hydrocarbon gases for the preparation of hydrogen, especially hydrogen for driving fuel cells. The use of the new catalysts (I') for removal of sulfur compounds from gases containing hydrocarbons is independently claimed. (I') are especially used in fuel cell systems (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (I)/(I') remove all of the sulfur compounds harmful to the operation of fuel cells in a single stage. (I) (unlike zeolites) do not absorb higher hydrocarbons (such as benzene or toluene), so that the removal of sulfur compounds is not affected by the presence of such hydrocarbons.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for new catalysts (I'), comprising 1-99.8 wt. % copper, silver, zinc, molybdenum, iron, cobalt and/or nickel and 0.2-99 wt. % oxides of Group IIB, IIIB, IVB, VIB, VIII, IIIA or IVA elements, which are solid at least up to 250degreesC.
NOVELTY - Filler sheet (2,4) has a resin layer comprising a resin composition. The resin composition contains copolymer of alpha-olefin and ethylenically unsaturated silane compound or their modification or condensation product, and a light resistant agent, an ultraviolet absorber and/or a thermostabilizer.    USE - For solar cell modules (claimed) for solar cell of non-portable type housing used for crystalline-silicon solar battery element, and amorphous solar battery element used for wristwatch and calculator.    ADVANTAGE - The filler sheet has excellent strength, durability, anti-weatherability, heat resistance, water resistance, light-resistance, pressure resistance, vacuum laminating adaptability, hot melt adherence and hailstone fall resistance. The filler sheet enables economical and stable production of solar cell module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module (10).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solar cell module.    surface protection sheet (1)    filler sheet (2,4)    solar battery element (3)    solar cell module (10)
NOVELTY - A metal oxide film has a network-like groove formed on the surface.    USE - Used for a dye sensitizing solar cell (claimed), electrochromic device, gas sensor and photocatalyst film.    ADVANTAGE - The metal oxide film has good crystallinity and favorable specific surface area. Dye sensitizing solar cell with high conversion efficiency, safety, productivity and conductivity, is provided. Peeling of metal oxide film from electrode surface is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal oxide film has a network-like groove formed on the surface. The metal oxide film forms an island-like projection portion (9) with the grooves (8). A linear continuous portion (7) which is not separated with the groove is 60 micronsm or less.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a dye sensitizing solar cell; and    (2) the manufacture of a dye sensitizing solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic plan view of the metal oxide film surface.    linear continuous portion (7)    groove (8)    island-like projection portion (9)
NOVELTY - Process includes casting of ingot from silicon melt by method of crystallization directed along vertical axis, cutting of ingot into briquettes in planes parallel and perpendicular to vertical axis of ingot, cutting of ingot into plates along planes parallel to vertical axis of ingot.    USE - Production of solar energy converters.    ADVANTAGE - Diminished number of monocrystalline grains in plate which leads to increased efficiency of operation of solar elements manufactured on base of these plates.3 cl, 6 dwg
NOVELTY - Reactor/gas separator (103) receives aqueous hydride from tank (101) to produce oxide and hydrogen. A heat exchanger conducts heat from hydrogen to cooling water supplied to the fuel cell stack (109). A regenerator (117) produces hydride using the oxide and hydrogen from the tank (119). A controller (127) controls supply of water and hydrogen to the cell stack and regenerator based on temperature of the water.    USE - For supplying hydrogen gas to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of the cooling water is increased without consuming hydrogen during start up.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydride tank (101)    reactor/gas separator (103)    fuel cell stack (109)    regenerator (117)    hydrogen tank (119)    valves (121,123,125)    controller (127)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell power-generating device comprises fuel modifier (2), fuel cell, reformed-gas steam separator (4) and water disposal unit. A hydrocarbon group original fuel (1) is reformed and heating gas is produced. Heating gas and oxidizing-agent gas are reacted, and electric power is generated. Heating gas is then cooled, and moisture content in the gas is condensed and separated. Condensed water is then ejected out of system.    USE - As fuel cell power-generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell power-generating device is economical, since the maintenance and driving cost of the device is decreased. The device eliminates problems, such as clogging by bacteria proliferation, in the presence of methanol contained in recycled water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell power-generating device comprises a fuel modifier (2), a fuel cell, a reformed-gas steam separator (4) and a water disposal unit. The separator (4) is provided at the upstream side of the fuel cell. A hydrocarbon group original fuel (1) is steam reformed in fuel modifier and hydrogen-rich heating gas is produced. The hydrogen-rich heating gas and oxidizing-agent gas are reacted electrochemically in the fuel cell, and electric power is generated. The heating gas is cooled and moisture content in the heating gas is condensed in the steam separator. The condensed water separated is ejected out of the system by water disposal unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel cell power-generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrocarbon group original fuel (1)    Fuel modifier (2)    Reformed-gas stream separator (4)    Condensed water tank (10)    Filter (14)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer has a catalyst-packed portion packed with fuel modification-catalyst (I) and fuel modification catalyst (II). The catalyst (I) has excellent hydrocarbon conversion ratio and catalyst (II) has excellent hydrogen and carbon monoxide formation rate.    USE - In solid polymeric fuel cell system and fuel modification-type hydrogen generating system (both claimed), for generating hydrogen rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer has excellent starting property and efficiently generates hydrogen gas even at high temperature condition and with respect to raw-material supply gas such as isooctane and desulfurized gasoline.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solid polymeric fuel cell system, which has the fuel reformer, shift-reaction device which reduces carbon monoxide contained in exhaust gas by water gas shift reaction, carbon monoxide removal apparatus for removing the carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gas emitted from the shift reaction device, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell; and    (2) fuel modification-type hydrogen generation system, which is equipped with the fuel reformer, and fuel cell system or fuel modification-type fuel cell electric vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of the solid polymeric fuel system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Hydrogen currently contained in hydrogenated aromatic compound is removed in presence dehydrogenation catalyst (DC) and hydrogen is manufactured. Platinum, tin and alkaline metal(s) selected from IA and IIA groups supported to composite carrier consisting of complex oxide, is used as the DC. The catalyst has surface area of 150 m2/g or more, and pore having mean pore diameter of 90-200 Angstrom , and pore volume of 0.55 cm3/g.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen used as fuel, secondary energy.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is manufactured efficiently using the hydrogenated aromatic compound as raw material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen currently contained in the hydrogenated aromatic compound is removed in the presence dehydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen is manufactured. Platinum, tin and at least one alkaline metal selected from IA group and IIA group supported by composite carrier (A) which consists of complex oxide, is used as the dehydrogenation catalyst. The carrier is formed by bake- processing a carrier which supported zinc oxide to gamma-alumina support which occupies total pore volume of 60% or more, at 600degreesC or more for 10 hours or more and major portion of the crystal structure is turned into spinel structure. The catalyst has surface area of 150 m2/g or more, and pore having mean pore diameter of 90-200 Angstrom , and pore volume of 0.55 cm3/g. The alkaline metal is potassium. The hydrogenated aromatic compound is at least one type chosen from hydride of mono-cyclic aromatic compound and hydride of polycylic aromatic compound.
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer (1) has a heat exchanger (3), air introduction unit (9), and modification-reaction device (2). An oxidation catalyst is arranged at the reformed-gas route (12) of the heat exchanger.    USE - For generating hydrogen-containing reformed gas from hydrocarbon fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer has improved transient-response property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer has a heat exchanger, air introduction unit and modification-reaction device. An oxidation catalyst is arranged at reformed-gas route of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger heats water and/or air by the heat of oxidation of the oxidizable component contained in the reformed gas. The component in the reformed gas is oxidized by the oxidation catalyst. The heated water and/or air are supplied as a raw material to the modification reaction device. The air introduction unit mixes the reformed gas with air, during raise in load, and introduces into the heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (1)    Modification-reaction device (2)    Heat exchanger (3)    Selection oxidation-reaction device (5)    Air introduction unit (9)    Route of air and/or air (11)    Reformed-gas route (12)    Evaporator (13)    Water spraying apparatus (15)
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer (1) has evaporation portion (12), high and low temperature shift-reaction portions (15,17), heat exchangers (14a,16a), heat-carrier supply unit, bypass unit and control unit. Bypass unit supplies heating medium from heat exchanger of reaction portion (17) to heat exchanger of reaction portion (15). Control unit operates bypass unit, when inside temperature of reaction portion (17) is less than predetermined temperature.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The flow amount of supply air to the modifier of fuel cell system is accurately adjusted using the fuel reformer. The starting time of the fuel cell system is reduced using the fuel reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reformer (1) has an evaporation portion (12), a high and low temperature shift-reaction portions (15,17), heat exchangers (14a,16a), a heat-carrier supply unit, a bypass unit and a control unit. The evaporation portion gasifies an original fuel and water. The reaction portions are provided along the reformer gas flow path, which reforms the gasified original fuel and water. Each heat exchanger is provided at each reaction portion. The bypass unit supplies a heating medium from heat exchanger of reaction portion (15) to heat exchanger of reaction portion (17). The control unit operates the bypass unit, when the inside temperature of reaction portion (17) is less than the predetermined temperature.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system, which contains the fuel cell, which receives the reformed gas from fuel reformer and generates electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (1)    Evaporation portion (12)    Heat exchangers (14a,16a)    Reaction portions (15,17)    Control unit (50)
NOVELTY - The voltage conversion device (41) is arranged to supply power for electrocatalysis heater (25) for warming the modification catalyst which promotes the modification reaction in the modifier which modifies raw heating gas to hydrogen rich heating gas.    USE - Fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces cost. Prevents leakage of electric current. Reduces the voltage variation of ancillary equipment. Stabilizes circuit operation for ancillary equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The voltage conversion device converts high voltage supplied from fuel cell (23) to low voltage which is applied to electrocatalysis heater and to ancillary equipment (26) through DC/DC converters (41b,41a), respectively. The fuel cell which receives supply of heating gas and oxidation gas, generates electric power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of power system of fuel cell electric vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (23)    electrocatalysis heater (25)    ancillary equipment (26)    voltage conversion device (41)    DC/DC convertors (41a,41b)
NOVELTY - A reaction container (10) is filled with iron carbide. Water or water vapor is supplied as heating gas to container, and hydrogen is generated. The generated hydrogen fuel is supplied to gas engine (12), and gas engine is activated. The exhaust heat of waste gas produced in gas engine, is utilized as heat and supplied to reaction container.    USE - For gas engine and fuel cell used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is generated in large amount using iron carbide, and water or water vapor as heating gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for supply apparatus of hydrogen fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline structural view of supply apparatus of hydrogen fuel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reactor (10)    gas engine (12)    fuel cell (14)    combustor (16)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of tetrafluorosilane involves contacting hydrogen fluoride and/or fluorine with hexafluorosilicate, followed by thermal decomposition of hexafluorosilicate.    USE - For use as gas for optical-fiber manufacture, semiconductor manufacture and solar-cell manufacture (all claimed). Used for electro-optics and electronic material.    ADVANTAGE - Tetrafluorosilane of high purity is manufactured efficiently. Separation and refinement process of hexafluorodisiloxane are performed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the gas for optical-fiber manufacture, semiconductor manufacture or solar-cell manufacture, containing tetrafluorosilane gas.
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises grooves (8) that are formed simultaneously by irradiating transparent insulation substrate (2) with laser radiation from mutually different laser radiation heads. The grooves are formed linearly in parallel to connection direction of photoelectric conversion cells (10) that are connected in series.    USE - In transparent-thin film solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The grooves with large area ratio are formed with low cost, in short time and the productivity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for transparent-thin film solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the transparent-thin film solar cell.    transparent-thin film solar cell (1)    transparent insulation substrate (2)    transparent electroconductive film (3)    grooves (8)    photoelectric conversion cells (10)
NOVELTY - Solenoid portion (14) arranged inside a casing (12) displaces a shaft (46) along axial direction by the excitation effect through a movable core (32). The displacement of the shaft separates a valve (88), arranged in a valve housing (22) provided with the pilot fluid inlet and outlet ports (78, 80), from a valve seat (76). A spring (40) arranged between the valve housing and valve, biases the valve towards the valve seat.    USE - For fuel cell used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The spring arrangement between the valve housing and valve, reduces spring force and thrust of solenoid portion. The size of the solenoid valve is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solenoid valve assembly.    casing (12)    solenoid portion (14)    valve housing (22)    movable core (32)    spring (40)    shaft (46)    valve seat (76)    inlet and outlet ports (78, 80)
NOVELTY - An air supply unit (20) has an air pump (23) to supply pressurized air to the modifier (10) through several flow paths (L1-L9). Each flow path is provided with a flow regulating valve. The air pressure detector (25a,25b) detects air pressure at upstream side of the valve. A control unit controls the air pump to maintain steady air pressure value based on the detected air pressure.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed) of electric vehicle, electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The operation of the pump is easily maintained by controlling the air pressure at upstream side of the valve.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The valves are classified into number of groups. The detector detects the air pressure applied to each group of valve. The surge tank (24a,24b) is arranged between the air pump and air pressure detector. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (10)    supply unit (20)    air pump (23)    detector (25a,25b)    flow paths (L1-L9)
NOVELTY - Laminate comprising solar-cell sheets laminated through sheet-like adhesive sealing agent, is subjected to heat-pressing in vacuum lamination apparatus, at preset temperature, for preset time, to achieve primary hardening of agent. Laminate is subjected to heat-pressing in a press different from vacuum lamination apparatus, for preset time, at preset temperature, pressure, to achieve secondary hardening of agent.    USE - For manufacturing thin glass-less solar cell module for business use, and for attachment to roof tiles and window of common residential buildings, for use as electric-power supply unit.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the usage of the vacuum lamination apparatus for a long time, by using a different press for performing secondary hardening of the sealing agent. Hence, improves the operability of the vacuum lamination apparatus, and the productivity of the solar cell module. Prevents the extrusion of the sealing agent to the exterior of the laminate, as the laminate is moved to the press, only after the sealing agent has hardened to a preset degree.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the press used for processing the laminate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar cell module (80)    peeling sheet (91)    rubber board (92)    plate (93)
NOVELTY - The silver paste for forming surface electrode (4) and output extraction portion (6) is applied on respective N-type diffused layer (2) and P-type diffused layer (7) of substrate (1). The substrate is bake-processed. The aluminum paste for forming current collection portion (5) is then applied on specific portion of P-type diffused layer before bake-processing substrate again.    USE - For forming solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents detachment of reverse-side electrode, as the generation of crack in the substrate due to the stress in the overlap portion of substrate and current collection portion and output extraction portion is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar battery.    P-type semiconductor substrate (1)    N-type diffused layer (2)    Anti-reflective coating (3)    Surface electrode (4)    Current collection portion (5)    Output extraction portion (6)    P-type diffused layer (7)
NOVELTY - A thermocouple or ionic current detector determines the combustion state from ionization current in combustion air. The transient state time is changed between upper and lower time limits based on the load and start/stop commands. A controller (81) changes the operating range of power converter using detected combustion data and operation status of system.    USE - For generating electric power from fuel cell using hydrogen manufacturing apparatus in domestic applications.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces operation load by performing combustion control rapidly under balanced catalytic reaction and by switching current conversion range suitably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The current conversion range is reduced to a specific level when misfire state of combustor is judged. The amount of residual hydrogen in exhaust gas is estimated from the target production amount of hydrogen. The air supply amount to combustor is increased when the overheating state is judged based on the estimated residual hydrogen.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for domestic fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of fuel cell based electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (11)    fuel cell (21)    power converter (31)    secondary battery (41)    combustor (51)    controller (81)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric cell has an electrode layer (1) laminated with semiconductor film (2) adsorbed with photosensitive material and electrode layer (3), so that electrode layers (1,3) are opposingly arranged, and electrolyte layer arranged between (2) and (3). The electrolyte layer consists of electrolyte and 1-60 wt.% of silica type particles. The substrate(s) and the electrode layer are transparent.    USE - Used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Optoelectric cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency, heat resistance and excellent stability over a long period of time is provided. Leakage of electrolyte liquid or solvent from the optoelectric cell does not occur. The silica particle having hydroxyl group on surface improves the ionic conductivity of electrolyte layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the opto-electric cell.    transparent electrode layer (1)    semiconductor film (2)    electrode layer (3)    electrolyte layer (4)    substrate (5)
NOVELTY - An onium salt (1) is new.    USE - For electrolyte used for electrochemical device (both claimed), such as primary and secondary lithium cell, pigment sensitizing type solar cell, especially wet solar cell, electrical double layer capacitor and electrochromic display device. The onium salt is also used as solvent and as medium for chemosynthesis.    ADVANTAGE - The onium salt has excellent ionic conductivity and oxidation resistance, low melting point and low viscosity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An onium salt of formula: (R1-O-S(=O)2-)(R2-)N-.Z+, is new.    R1 = hydrocarbon optionally substituted by halogen atom;    R2 = R3-O-S(=O)2-, R4-S(=O)2- or R5-C(=O)-;    R3-R5 = alkyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom, or cyano group, R3 is not same as R1; and    Z+ = organic onium cation.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrolyte using the onium salt; and    (2) electrochemical device using the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A silicon sludge which is devoid of moisture content, and comprising (in mass%) silicon (60 or more), oxygen (2-20), and impurity (20 or less) is maintained at 1500 K or more in vacuum state, and silicon-sludge dried material having low oxygen concentration is obtained. Thus, deoxidation of silicon sludge is carried out.    USE - For deoxidizing silicon sludge obtained from slurry-waste during silicon cutting. Deoxidized material is used as additive for alloy agent of metallurgy, antioxidant, strength improvement agent of refractories, and for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon sludge is efficiently deoxidized, and high purity metallic silicon is obtained. Since deoxidation process is performed in solid state, super-fine form of silicon is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is graph of relationship between heating temperature of silicon and oxygen concentration after heat processing. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A film-like heater (16) made of air permeable metal mesh is arranged between substrate (1) and electrode pattern (14). The tensile strength of heater is adjusted using an adjustment unit. A thin crystalline silicon layer is formed over the substrate using the heat energy.    USE - E.g. plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus for manufacturing silicon photovoltaic element (claimed) like single type and tandem type photovoltaic elements used in solar cells for electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces temperature of substrate by using film like heater, thereby the amount of phosphor mixed with crystalline material is suppressed and hence photoelectric transfer characteristics is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) silicon photovoltaic element; and    (2) manufacturing method of silicon photovoltaic element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic outline of manufacturing apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent substrate (1)    chamber (11)    electrode pattern (14)    film like heater (16)    power supply (23)
NOVELTY - The porous membrane (PM) is hydrophilized. A specific substance is added to functional substance (FS) or its solution, and hydrophilized PM is immersed into FS solution. The pressure of system comprising PM immersed into solution, is reduced. The system is irradiated, and FS is filled into pore of PM. A porous base material, is contacted with PM, and FS adhered excessively to PM, is removed to manufacture hybrid material.    USE - For manufacturing hybrid material such as electrolyte film for fuel cell such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell and direct methanol-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hybrid material consisting of porous membrane filled uniformly with functional substance, is manufactured effectively and simply. The hybrid material is homogenous, and has improved reproducibility, dimensional stability and proton conductivity and suppressed crossover (permeation) of methanol.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous membrane is hydrophilized. A surface active substance is added to functional substance or its solution, and the hydrophilized porous membrane is immersed into the solution of functional substance. The pressure of system consisting of porous membrane immersed into the solution, is reduced. The system is irradiated with ultrasonic wave, and the functional substance is filled into pore of the porous membrane. A porous base material which absorbs functional substance, is made to contact with both surfaces of the porous membrane. The functional substance which adhered excessively to both surfaces of the porous membrane, is removed with a smooth material to manufacture hybrid material.
NOVELTY - Liquid fuel impregnation sheet (5) having porosity of about 10-80 % is arranged in contact with the negative electrode.    USE - E.g. direct ethanol fuel battery used in personal computer (PC), mobile telephone, and other cordless apparatuses.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses cross over phenomenon and realizes high energy density, even if high concentration liquid fuel is used without increasing size of the battery, allows easy exchange and replenishment of the liquid fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the liquid fuel battery.    vent (1)    cover board (2)    fuel supply hole (3a)    liquid fuel (4)    liquid fuel impregnation sheet (5)    positive electrode (8)    negative electrode (9)    solid electrolyte (10)
NOVELTY - The measurement of water content distribution between electrodes involves irradiating electroconductive waves onto a container (1) filled with water and having carbon electrodes (2,3), to measure the distribution of water between the carbon electrodes. A magnetic resonance imaging system creates static and gradient fields to conduct the measurements.    USE - For measuring water content distribution between carbon electrodes used in fuel cell, such as solid oxide fuel cell used as power source for motor vehicle and domestic electrical power unit using MRI.    ADVANTAGE - The distribution of water content between electrodes can be measured three dimensionally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) A water content distribution measurement cell of polymer film; and    (2) A water content distribution measurement device of polymer film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above water content distribution measuring device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    container (1)    electrodes (2,3)    radio frequency coils (6a,6b)
NOVELTY - The grooves (7) are formed between the projections (6) of a metal bellow pipe (1), such that space between the upper portion (8) of grooves is narrow and space between bottom portion (9) of the grooves is wide. The middle rubber layer (2) provided at the peripheries of pipe, consists of acrylic-type rubber or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber    USE - Flexible hose used as fuel hose, air hose, air-conditioner hose and hose for fuel-cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The middle rubber layer is easily filled even in the bottom portion of groove, thereby improving the interlayer adhesivity of middle rubber layer and metal bellow pipe and durability of hose is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of hose. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    metal bellow pipe (1)    middle rubber layer (2)    ring (5)    projection portion (6)    groove (7)    upper portion (8)    bottom portion (9)
NOVELTY - A horizontal magnetic field of intensity 1000 gauss or more is maintained over the surface of sputtering target (8), and plasma is produced by applying a direct current (DC) electric field to the target. Microwaves are superimposed into the plasma.    USE - For forming transparent electrically conductive film by sputtering, e.g. for forming transparent electrodes in liquid crystal display (LCD), solar cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The novel method enables formation of a low resistive transparent film which is suitable for a low voltage drive apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for manufacturing the above transparent electrically conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above transparent electrically conductive film manufacturing apparatus.    vacuum chamber (1)    cryo pump (2)    DC power source (6)    cathode (7)    target (8)    heater (9)    microwave generator (10)    carrier (11)    substrate (12)
NOVELTY - The polyamic acid is preserved by maintaining the acid at -180 degrees C to 10 degrees C.    USE - For preserving polyamic acid used in form of porous membrane as precursor for forming polyimide porous membrane which is used as base material for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polyamic acid is preserved efficiently for longer duration, and the reduction in intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight and mechanical property of polyamic acid are minimized during preservation. The decomposition reaction of polyamic acid is inhibited during preservation. The method of preserving polyamic acid improves degree of freedom of design of manufacturing process of polyamic acid film and polyamic acid porous membrane, and hence the polyamic acid film and polyamic acid porous membrane are manufactured inexpensively and easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyamic acid exists in the form of polyamic acid solution, polyamic acid film or polyamic acid porous membrane.
NOVELTY - Storing and transporting hydrogen involves irradiating an organic-type hydrogen donor with a microwave in presence of an alkalinization combination and an inorganic-type catalyst.    USE - For storing and transporting hydrogen used as fuel for hydrogen burner and fuel cells mounted on electric vehicles and tank lorry.    ADVANTAGE - The method safely stores organic-type hydrogen donor in home and hydrogen station. The method quickly and economically generates high quality and energy hydrogen. Hydrogen gas is supplied at any time and even at running a vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of hydrogen generating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    microwave generator (1)    three neck flask (2)    thermometer (3)    Liebig cooling pipe (4)
NOVELTY - The fuel tank (600) has fuel injection hole (602) surrounded by fuel absorption layer (604) containing water absorptive polymer.    USE - For electric equipment (claimed) e.g. portable personal computer, mobile telephone, notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), camera, navigation system, portable audio player.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leakage of the fuel. Thereby prevents failure of electric equipment due to fuel adhering the components of electric equipment. Hence enables easy handling of the electric equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electric equipment; and    (2) fuel container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section views of fuel cell system.    fuel cell system (99)    fuel cell (100)    fuel cell tank (600)    fuel injection hole (602)    fuel absorption layer (604)
NOVELTY - The sheet includes an electrolyte film for covering the cathode catalyst layer and anode catalyst layer that are provided at one surface of the base material.    USE - Catalyst layer formation sheet for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thickness of the catalyst layer is uniform.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) manufacturing method of catalyst layer formation sheet; and    (b) manufacturing method of catalyst layer-electrolyte film laminate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of catalyst layer formation sheet. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Reformer (30) produces reformed gas by catalytic reaction using heating gas and oxidizing-agent gas. Combustor (9) produces combustion gas by burning fuel. Compressor (8) decreases oxygen in reformer. Reformer (20) is warmed by circulating combustion gas using lean gas. Control unit controls amount of gas reformed in reformer, after decreasing oxygen content.    USE - As power source of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming system suppresses ideal air fuel ratio in the catalyst, and increase of temperature in the reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel forming system.    Compressor (8)    Combustor (9)    Pressure sensor (18)    Control unit (20)    Reformer (30)
NOVELTY - Evaporator for the evaporation of water in a hot gas stream comprises an inlet end, an outlet end, gas flow paths extending from the inlet end to the outlet end and a high-temperature resistant water-absorbing material that at least partly defines the gas flow paths. The water-absorbing material has a water-absorbing capacity of at least 0.20 g/cc.    USE - For the evaporation of water in a hot gas stream, preferably in the production of hydrogen from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a compact evaporator that can achieve complete evaporation of water added at a low pressure difference and/or to a low turbulence hot gas stream.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) fuel processor comprising in series a first catalytic reaction zone for the partial oxidation or the autothermal reforming of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel, an evaporator, and a second catalytic reaction zone for water-gas shift conversion;    (2) a process for the production of hydrogen from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel using the fuel processor by converting the hydrocarbonaceous fuel into a hot gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide by reacting it with an oxygen-containing gas in the first catalytic reaction zone; adding water to the hot gas mixture downstream of the first catalytic reaction zone and upstream of the evaporator; evaporating water and cooling the hot gas mixture in the evaporator, resulting in a steam-comprising gas mixture; and converting the steam-comprising mixture into a gas mixture comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the second reaction zone; and    (3) a fuel cell system comprising the fuel processor and a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of part of an evaporator composed of an alternating stack of corrugated metal and water-absorbing sheets.    Corrugated metal sheets (1)    Sheets of water-absorbing material (2)    Gas flow paths (3)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has an electric power generating section (30) with flow path of oxidizing agent gas containing oxygen and a radiating fin (33) which radiates heat from the electric power generating section. The gas is supplied by a fan (52). A cooling fan (51) operated independently of the fan (52), cools the radiating fin.    USE - For generating electric power required for electronic device (claimed) e.g. notebook computer, mobile telephone and personal digital assistant.    ADVANTAGE - Electric power is stably generated by controlling suitable moisture content in the electric power generating section, using the cooling fan operated independently of the gas supply fan. The fuel cell is compactly accommodated in various devices, by virtue of its structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of a fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Exhaust ports (11-13)    Inlet ports (14,15)    Electric power generating section (30)    Radiating fin (33)    Cooling fan (51)    Gas supply fan (52)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a selectively permeable barrier between an anode and cathode and to define anode reaction sub-chamber and cathode reaction sub-chamber; a dissolved catalyst disposed in the anode reaction sub-chamber; inlet(s) for admitting water, fuel and dissolved catalyst into the anode reaction sub-chamber; and outlet(s) for removing effluent including dissolved catalyst from the anode reaction sub-chamber.    USE - For converting methanol into electrical energy (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention develops cleaner and more efficient energy source and energy storage devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell chamber (104); an anode (112) enclosed in the fuel cell chamber; a cathode (114) enclosed in the fuel cell chamber; a selectively permeable barrier (106) disposed between the anode and the cathode and serving to define a first reaction sub-chamber (110) that includes the anode and a second reaction sub-chamber (108) that includes the cathode; a dissolved catalyst disposed in the first reaction sub-chamber; inlet(s) into the first reaction sub-chamber for admitting water, fuel and the dissolved catalyst into the first reaction sub-chamber; and outlet(s) (136, 144) for removing an effluent including water, dissolved catalyst and gaseous by-products from the first reaction sub-chamber.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell reaction mixture including water, methanol and a catalyst of structures (I)-(III).    X = H, OH, CH3, CH2CH3, OCH3, or PhOCH3;    Mx = transition metal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of a fuel cell system of the invention.    Fuel cell (102)    Fuel cell chamber (104)    Selectively permeable barrier (106)    Second reaction sub-chamber (108)    First reaction sub-chamber (110)    Anode (112)    Cathode (114)    Outlets (136, 144)    Gas-permeable wall (148)
NOVELTY - A thin-film solar module comprises: (i) a transparent substrate of a first area for supporting the cells on a second area, while allowing light to reach the cells environmentally protecting the cells; and (ii) a positive bus bar connected to the anode of a first cell of the module and a negative bus bar connected to the cathode of a last cell of the module. The first area extends beyond the second area by a stripped peripheral zone.    USE - For converting solar radiation into usable electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar module has reduced corrosion caused by humidity and temperature. It is simple and results in low-cost enhancement to the modules. It has increased operating lifetime.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin-film solar module has photovoltaic cells (3-1, 3-2) for converting light into electrical voltage. The cells are connected to each other to obtain a target voltage. Each cell has cathode layer, photoactive layer, and anode layer, in sequence over the cell area.    The module comprises: a transparent substrate of a first area for supporting the cells on a second area, while allowing light to reach the cells environmentally protecting the cells; and a positive bus bar (5) connected to the anode of a first cell of the module and a negative bus bar (7) connected to the cathode of a last cell of the module. The first area extends beyond the second area by a stripped peripheral zone.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a top view of a six-cell module with the cathodic-protection perimeter.    Cells (3-1, 3-2)    Tin oxide film (4)    Positive bus bar (5)    Negative bus bar (7)    Electrodes (16a, 16b)
NOVELTY - Fabricating a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell is provided to remarkably improve photo conversion efficiency as compared with a conventional low temperature solar cell by forming nanocrystalline oxide layer on a conductive polymer plate and by reducing a platinum ion solution to form a platinum layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Nanocrystalline transition metal oxide as a solute, 2-propanol as a solvent, acetic acid and distilled water are mixed to make a nanocrystalline oxide colloid solution (100). The nanocrystalline oxide colloid solution is applied to the surface of a bendable conductive substrate (110). The solvent is removed from the substrate having the nanocrystalline oxide colloid solution to form a nanocrystalline oxide layer (120). Dye molecules are absorbed to the nanocrystalline oxide layer to form a semiconductor electrode (130).
NOVELTY - A starting combustor (7) in the reformer produces combustion gas lean in fuel, to warm-up modification catalyst (10), during warm-up. Another combustor (9) provided at the upstream side of the reformer burns mixed gas of the combustion gas and modified fuel gas, while transferring from the warm-up state to the modification state.    USE - For use as drive source in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The overheating of the catalyst after warm-up is suppressed reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded view of the fuel modification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    heat exchangers (5,6)    combustors (7,9)    modification catalyst (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell electric power generation system generates electric power by reacting hydrogen and oxygen. The power generation system has a heater supplying heating gas. An organic compound which is sulfur-free or inorganic compound odorant is added to the heating gas.    USE - For fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell electric power generation system is safe, economical, and effectively detects leakage of gas. The additive is free of sulfur compounds that damage the modifier catalyst, cause reduction of battery capability and deterioration of battery life.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline schematic diagram of the fuel cell electric-power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel supply unit (1)    fuel modifier (3)    shift-reaction device (4)    selective-oxidation device (5)    fuel cell (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer has a unit to detect increase in fluctuation of hydrogen generation amount, and unit to introduce oxygen-containing fuel apart from hydrocarbon to modification portion (1). The modification portion produces reformed gas containing hydrogen from hydrocarbon, water and oxidizing agent.    USE - For producing reformed gas-containing hydrogen from hydrocarbon, water and oxidizing agent.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer has transient response property, and supplies hydrogen gas rapidly during transition process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification portion (1)    high temperature shift-reaction portion (2)    low temperature shift-reaction portion (3)    carbon monoxide selective oxidation portion (4)    gas tank (5)
NOVELTY - A source gas (8) containing hydrocarbon is contacted with a modification catalyst (37) so that chemical equilibrium state is attained and hydrogen (32) is manufactured. The flow amount of air (21) is determined based on the relationship between amount of hydrogen manufactured and flow amount of air required for combustion of source gas from which hydrogen is removed.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Determination of flow amount of air required for combustion of off-gas is performed quickly, and on-line control is possible. Complete combustion of off-gas is enabled which prevents ejection of carbon monoxide, thus preventing environmental pollution. The control system of the manufacturing apparatus is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A source gas (8) containing hydrocarbon is contacted with a modification catalyst (37) at a speed at which chemical equilibrium state is attained. Water vapor modification reaction is carried out and hydrogen (32) is manufactured. The flow amount of hydrogen manufactured is measured. The flow amount of air (21) is determined based on the predefined relationship between amount of hydrogen manufactured and the flow amount of air required for combustion of source gas from which hydrogen is removed.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen separation modifier (1)    combustor (7)    source gas (8)    air (21)    water vapor (25)    hydrogen manufacturing apparatus (30)    hydrogen (32)    modification catalyst (37)    air flow determination unit (50)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas generating apparatus has a fuel system (12), a reaction unit with hot catalyst (11) and a separation unit. The fuel system supplies the fuel to the catalyst. The catalyst is heated by the heat of exhaust gas emitted from internal combustion engine. The fuel is dehydrogenated in the reaction unit. Hydrogen gas is separated from the mixture of gas produced by dehydrogenation, by the separation unit.    USE - Generating hydrogen used as fuel for gasoline engine, diesel engine and fuel cell mounted on vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas generating apparatus is compact and has reduced weight. The apparatus produces hydrogen gas stably with reduced consumption of energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the reaction unit of the hydrogen generating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst (11)    fuel system (12)    flow path of gas mixture (30a)    protrusion (32)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer (1) has modifier (2), fuel-spraying unit (4) to spray fuel to modifier, water spraying unit (5) to spray water to modifier, and water absorption unit (3). The water absorption unit contains a water absorber for absorbing water which is not sprayed from the water-spraying unit. The modifier produces reformed gas from heating gas, water vapor and air.    USE - For producing hydrogen rich reformed gas from hydrocarbon group fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer is efficient for producing hydrogen rich reformed gas. The water droplets does not adhere to the catalyst surface, hence the efficiency of the catalyst is not reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (1)    Modifier (2)    Water absorption unit (3)    Fuel-spraying apparatus (4)    Water spraying apparatus (5)    Modification-catalyst layer (8)
NOVELTY - The catalyst layers (29,39) are arranged in a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation and hydrocarbonized devices (23,33), respectively. The flow amount of oxygen added to an inflow side of the CO oxidation device is adjusted by a controller (27). The temperature of the reformed gas flowing into the hydrocarbonized device is set within fixed range.    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon type fuel such as methane to manufacture hydrogen used in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to alter the concentration of the carbon monoxide in the reformed gas, by adjusting the addition amount of oxygen to the carbon monoxide oxidation device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The range is such that the CO is made to react with the hydrogen in the reformed gas.    A carbon monoxide transformer (17) modifies carbon monoxide in the reformed gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The controller reduces and increases flow amount of the oxygen to the CO oxidation device, when the temperature of the reformed gas flowing into the hydrocarbonized device is more than the upper limit of a fixed range and less than the lower limit of the fixed range, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (7)    Carbon monoxide transformer (17)    Carbon monoxide oxidation device (23)    Controller (27)    Hydrocarbonized devices (33)    Catalyst layers (29,39)
NOVELTY - A flow-amount sensor (4) detects the supply of fuel from a main flow path (2a) to the branch paths (2, 2b, 2b'). A modifier (1) converts fuel supplied from branch flow paths into hydrogen-rich gas. A control unit (6) regulates feed amount of fuel from each fuel-supply device, based on the sensor.    USE - For use in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient control of fuel supply to the modifier. The number of pumps and flow-amount sensors is reduced, achieving reductions in cost of the fuel reforming system and simplifying the system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel reforming system.    Modifier (1)    Branch flow paths (2, 2b, 2b')    Main flow path (2a)    Flow-amount sensor (4)    Control unit (6)
NOVELTY - A controller (6) controls the injection quantity of each fuel injector (5) which injects fuel into modifier (1), in order to avoid hysteresis loss with respect to the modifier.    USE - For reforming fuel in fuel cell system (claimed) used in electric vehicle and motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency is improved by dynamically controlling the injection quantity of the fuel injectors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel reforming system.    Modifier (1)    Pump (3)    Fuel injector (5)    Controller (6)    Fuel reforming system (10)
NOVELTY - The catalyst contains copper and manganese.    USE - For modification reactions such as liquid film-type dehydrogenation of methanol aqueous solution and water vapor, and for electrode material of hydrogen gas generation apparatus of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high carbon dioxide selectivity, and suppresses generation of carbon monoxide. The rate of modification reaction is effectively improved.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell supplies exhaust heat to a dehumidifier (101), to regenerate the desiccant of the dehumidifier. A supply line (122) supplies outer air dehumidified with the dehumidifier, to a cooler (205). A cooling unit (124) for cooling the dehumidified outer air is provided in the supply line and/or a bypass line (123) which supplies portion of air ejected from air conditioning space (100), to the supply line.    USE - In houses, for conditioning of indoor air of rooms.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves energy savings by enabling the reduction in the capacity of the cooler, by cooling dehumidified outer air by the cooling unit, before the dehumidified outer air enters the cooler, and by supplying conditioned air into the cooler. Regeneration of the desiccant is done easily. Reduces the size of the air conditioner by reducing the size of the cooler.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the air conditioner. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    air-conditioning space (100)    dehumidifier (101)    supply line (122)    bypass line (123)    cooling unit (124)    cooler (205)
NOVELTY - The solar cell device contains a solar battery element using calcium fluoride as substrate, and a silicon and beta-iron silicide semiconductor thin film.    USE - For electric power generation e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar device is economical and has easy adaptability during installation to buildings. The calcium fluoride contained in the element improves weather resistance, and durability of the solar cell. Since the electric conversion of visible light and infrared light components of sunlight is efficiently carried out, the device has high utilization efficiency. The device effectively generates electric power from wide range of wavelength.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of solar cell.    Calcium fluoride extra thin substrate (1)    Calcium fluoride protective coat (4)    Package case (5)    N-type silicon thin film layer (21)    P-type silicon thin film layer (22)
NOVELTY - The method involves processing semiconductor substrate by immersing the substrate in pure water for a predetermined time, to remove the metal adhered on its surface. An oxide film formed on the substrate is removed by immersing the substrate in hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution several times.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell (claimed) used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Enables removing the metal adhered on the surface of the substrate using simple process, thereby improving electric power generation efficiency at reduced cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.
NOVELTY - A support (3) which is not dissolved in chemical agent, is provided at a substrate holder (1).    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic cell e.g. amorphous silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Time and expense are reduced by preventing chemical cleaning to maintenance of apparatus. Prevents generation of contamination, by peeling, blister, thus deterioration of cell is prevented. Suppresses inferior goods generation and improves production yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial perspective view of a substrate holder.    Substrate holder (1)    Support (3)    Substrate (4)
NOVELTY - The solar cell consists of a counter electrode (9), an oxidation-reduction electrolyte (10) and a working electrode set as porous titanium-oxide thin-film electrode which adsorbs both long-chain alkyl carboxylic acid and a photosensitization pigment.    USE - Pigment sensitizing-type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables decreasing interaction of photosensitization pigment molecules on electrode, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of pigment sensitizing-type solar cell.    Optical force (4)    Electroconductive glass substrate (7)    Counter electrode (9)    Oxidation-reduction electrolyte (10)    Electromotive-force measuring device (11)
NOVELTY - The anode has an antioxidant electrode layer (3) which is provided between a hole pouring metal oxide layer (4) and an electrode layer.    USE - For organic semiconductor element (claimed) such as organic electroluminescent (EL) element, organic transistor and organic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The variation in the organic semiconductor element property during manufacture process, is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the organic electroluminescent element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Metal electrode layer (2)    Antioxidant electrode layer (3)    Hole pouring metal-oxide electrode layer (4)    Organic light emitting layer (6)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer consists of a semiconductor-layer electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution contains an amino pyrimidine type compound.    USE - For pigment sensitizing type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has excellent photoelectric-conversion property. The optoelectric transducer provides solar cell of high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the pigment sensitizing type solar cell.
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises a fluorescent material film (21) provided on a transparent substrate (10) consisting of a working electrode (3).    USE - Pigment sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high photoelectric conversion quantum efficiency and electric power generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of a pigment sensitizing solar cell.    Working electrode (3)    Counter electrode (4)    Electrolyte liquid (5)    Transparent substrate (10)    Fluorescent material film (21)
NOVELTY - The crystal semiconductor particles (4) of one conductivity type are arranged on a substrate (1) and hot welded to the substrate at 460-660 degrees C, in an atmosphere of less than 10 ppm of oxygen partial pressure. The insulation substance (3) is filled in between the particles and a semiconductor layer (5) of another conductivity type is formed after welding process.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Welding of semiconductor particles to the substrate is stabilized. Thereby solar cell with high reliability and performance is obtained inexpensively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a solar cell.    Substrate (1)    Alloy layer (2)    Insulation substance (3)    Crystal semiconductor particles (4)    Semiconductor layer (5)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer includes an electron accepting material (7) containing non-modified fullerene and/or non-modified carbon nanotubes, and electron donating material (4).    USE - Used as an optoelectric transducer, e.g. an organic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The modification for improving the solubility of fullerene and carbon nanotubes is eliminated and a cost reduction is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of an optoelectric transducer.    substrate (1)    anode (2)    electron donating material (4)    cathode (6)    electron accepting material (7)
NOVELTY - Electric power generated from a solar power generation panel (6), is supplied to a water electrolyzing-type hydrogen-oxygen generator (7) and an electric equipment (3), through supply lines (8,9), by operating a switch (24). Hydrogen gas produced in the generator (7), is stored in a storage container (13) and supplied to a combustor (4) through a hydrogen supply line (17).    USE - For supplying power to factory and residential building from electric power generator which generates electric power using sunlight, wind force, wave force and geothermal energy.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces discharge of carbon-dioxide by using natural power source as drive source for electric equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The power supply line supplies electric power generated from the fuel cell to the electric equipment. A switch (46) is operated to supply hydrogen gas stored in storage container, to combustor and fuel cell.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the operating method of the energy supply system, which involves supplying electric power to the water electrolyzing-type hydrogen-oxygen generator through the switch (24) to generate hydrogen gas by electrolysis of water. The generated hydrogen gas is stored in the storage container and supplied to the combustor through hydrogen supply line.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the energy supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electric equipment (3)    Combustion (4)    Solar power generation panel (6)    Water electrolyzing-type hydrogen oxygen generator (7)    Power supply line (8,9)    Storage container (13)    Hydrogen supply line (17)    Switch (24)
NOVELTY - The viscosity of fuel (4) containing aqueous solution and thickener is 1000 mPaxs or more.    USE - Lap top and mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The handleability and portability of the fuel cell are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the fuel cell.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative electrode (2)    Separator (3)    Fuel (4)    Fuel tank (5)
NOVELTY - Process for preparation of a bipolar plate (1) for fuel cell stacks, with a frame (2) in electrically nonconductive material (ENM) and an inner bipolar plate region (3) in ENM, and a gas channel (5) by: (A) preparation of plate (1) by placing electrically conductive web (10) in a tool, formation of frame (2) and plate region (3) in the tool, (B) where the ENM passes through plate (1), (C) withdrawal of plate (1) from the tool, and (D) bending the web around plate region (3).    USE - The bipolar plate is useful in the construction of fuel cell stacks for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The bipolar plate can be obtained cheaply by injection molding and combines the favorable properties of the ENM, e.g. a polymer, with those of an electrically conductive web.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates bending of the plate around the plate region.    Inner bipolar plate region (3)    Electrically conductive web (10)    Bending edge (11)    Bending direction (12)
NOVELTY - Preparation of nanoscale pyrogenic magnesium (Mg)-aluminum (Al) spinel with a Mg:Al molar ratio of 1:(0.01-20) involves using compounds, solution or dispersion.    USE - As magnesium-aluminum spinel is used as filler, carrier material, catalytically active substance, starting material for producing dispersions, agent for chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) of metal or silicon wafers in electronics industry, ceramic base for gas sensors, dental material, colored pigment, thermal insulant, antiblocking agent, additive in silicone and rubber industry; in fuel cells, cosmetics and lacquer industries; for producing membranes, regulating rheology of liquid systems, heat protection stabilization (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The novel nanoscale pyrogenic magnesium-aluminum spinel can be processed directly to flexible membranes simply by dry pressing and sintering at low temperature. It can also be used as high temperatures and has high chemical stability, even in strong acids and caustic alkalis. Further, it can be produced from liquid, rather than gaseous, precursors, so that very fine droplets (average size less than 1 to 500 microm) can be produced, depending on the pressure, which can be up to 10000 bar in a simple jet and up to 100 bar in a double jet. It is also possible to add other liquid precursors or fine particles, e.g. pyrogenic (aluminum) oxide to produce a coating of particles dispersed in the precursor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a spinel produced as above.
NOVELTY - Continuous production of carbon monoxide-free hydrogen involves decomposition of methane or methane-rich hydrocarbon to hydrogen and carbon and gasification of carbon deposited on a solid catalyst comprising Group VIII metals by steam optionally in presence of oxygen, carried out simultaneously in two parallel or fixed bed reactors and collecting the product stream of two reactions separately.    USE - For continuous production of carbon monoxide-free hydrogen used in the petroleum refining and chemical industries for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and various hydro-treating and hydrogenation processes.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide-free hydrogen is produced at 600 - 900degreesC and avoids carbon build-up on the catalyst, catalyst deactivation and increase in a pressure drop across the catalyst bed during the process. Unlike previous steam reforming and auto thermal reforming processes, the conversion of methane and steam takes place separately in two different parallel reactors, so that when methane decomposition takes place in one reactor producing hydrogen and carbon deposited on the catalyst, at the same time the gasification of carbon by its reaction with steam and/or oxygen, producing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, takes place in the second reactor, and these two reactions in two separate reactors occur in place in a cyclic manner. The thermodynamic barrier on both the reactions is much lower and also the conversion of methane is much higher.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic flow sheet of the process.    reactor A (1)    reactor B (2)    catalyst fixed bed (3)    feed A comprising methane or methane rich hydrocarbon (4)    feed B comprising steam optionally with oxygen or pure hydrogen or product of feed A (5)    carbon monoxide-free hydrogen with unconverted methane obtained from feed A (6)    feed stream switch over valve (8)    product stream switch over valve. (9)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a substrate, a transparent conductive oxide layer disposed on the substrate, a semiconductor layer disposed on the conductive oxide layer, micro-channel(s) formed in the semiconductor layer, a porous insulating layer disposed on the semiconductor layer and disposed within each micro-channel, and a catalyst layer disposed on the insulating layer and within micro-channels.    USE - For photovoltaic systems.    ADVANTAGE - The micro-channels provide a reduced migration path for the oxidant. The structure micro-channel electrodes allow the solar cell to maintain an adequate light path through the dye sensitized semiconductor layer while reducing the distances that the electrons travel through the semiconductor layer and/or by reducing the distance that the oxidants ions travel through the electrolyte. The invention reduces the recombination losses and ion diffusion losses in the electrolyte, thus increasing the efficiency of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of fabricating a solar cell comprising disposing a porous semiconductor layer on the transparent conducting oxide layer, forming micro-channels in the semiconductor layer, disposing a porous insulating layer on the semiconductor layer and in the micro-channels, and disposing a catalyst layer on the insulating layer and in the micro-channels.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell.
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a first electrode having a first planar surface; a second electrode having a second planar surface and comprising fingers extending from the planar surface of the second electrode and in a direction toward the planar surface of the first electrode; and a dye-sensitized semiconductor material provided between the electrodes. The dye-sensitized semiconductor material is provided about the fingers.    USE - For photovoltaic systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invention maintains an adequate path through the dye sensitized semiconductor layer while reducing the distances that the electrons travel through the semiconductor layer and/or by reducing the distance that ion travel through the electrolyte. It reduces the recombination losses and diffusion losses in the electrolyte, thus increasing the efficiency of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing the solar cell comprising forming a first electrode having conductive fingers, disposing a porous semiconductor material on the substrate and conductive fingers, forming a second electrode, coupling the electrodes, covering the surface of the porous semiconductor material with a dye, and disposing an electrolyte solution on the porous semiconductor material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell.    Titanium oxide (12)    Substrate (14)    Electrode (16)    Seal (18)    Electrolyte (20)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises: (i) a first planar electrode with a transparent material; (ii) a second planar electrode proximately positioned at a distance from the first electrode; (iii) a structured electrode proximately positioned between and electrically isolated from each planar electrode; (iv) a porous dye sensitized semiconductor material within cavity of the structured electrode; and (v) an electrolyte solution within the cavity.    USE - For photovoltaic systems.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly maintains an adequate light path through the dye sensitized semiconductor layer while reducing the distances that the electrons travel through the semiconductor layer and/or by reducing the distance that ions travel through the electrolyte. It reduces the recombination losses and diffusion losses in the electrolyte, thus increasing the efficiency of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing the inventive solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell configured to react fuel with oxygen to generate an electric current and reaction product(s), comprises an electrochemical catalytic reaction cell including a fuel flowpath, an oxygen flowpath, and a coolant flowpath fluidly decoupled from the fuel flowpath and oxygen flowpath. The coolant flowpath defines a coolant isolation manifold including a vegetable oil-based dielectric fluid.    USE - The invention is configured to react fuel with oxygen to generate an electric current and a reaction product(s). It is used in a fuel cell system (claimed). It is for use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive coolant is environment friendly, inexpensive, and readily available. It does not affect the stack components, and does not allow for any performance loss caused by shunt currents on the header area of the stack. Corrosion inhibitors need not be added to prohibit the dissolution of fuel cell components. The inventive coolant has a relatively low kinematic viscosity, which enables it to be pumped at higher flow rates to remove waste heat without an appreciable increase in parasitic pumping power. The relatively high boiling point of the dielectric coolant enables operating the fuel cell stack and coolant loop at higher temperatures (140degreesC), increasing the capacity to exhaust heat from the radiator to the environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack (1) comprising fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (1)    Recirculation assembly (16)    Pump (18, 34)    Radiator (20)
NOVELTY - Main pump (14) supplies air to evaporation unit (11), reforming unit (12) and carbon monoxide (CO) content reduction unit (13). Sub pump (15) with higher air supply capacity than main pump, is connected to evaporation unit, at upstream side of mixing unit to which air supply paths of pumps are connected. Main, sub pumps supply air to evaporation unit, when demand fuel-gas volume is low and high, respectively.    USE - For use in vehicle-mounted fuel cell system (claimed) used for electric power generation, for producing hydrogen-rich heating gas.    ADVANTAGE - Enables stably and efficiently supplying air to the reformer, based on the desired output of the fuel cell, by using two pumps of varying capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The evaporation unit evaporated fuel gas by combustion heat, to produce heating gas which is reformed by reforming unit, to produce hydrogen-rich reformed gas which is fed to reduction unit which reduces CO content of reformed gas, to form hydrogen-rich heating gas. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for vehicle-mounted fuel cell system which has fuel cell which receives hydrogen-rich heating gas from fuel reforming system, to produce electricity. The main and sub pumps supply air to evaporation unit, during low and high output states of the fuel cell, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporation unit (11)    reforming unit (12)    CO content reduction unit (13)    main pump (14)    sub pump (15)
NOVELTY - The method involves heating and cooling the shift reaction unit (1) and selective oxidation reaction unit (2), during starting and driving conditions by supplying combustion gas and air through the heat carrier flow path (12,22) in each reaction units, respectively. The combustion gas is produced by the combustion unit.    USE - For operating fuel reformation system (claimed) used for fuel cell system (claimed) used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The starting operation of the fuel reformation system is easily performed in short time. The thermal efficiency is improved. Energy consumption during driving state of the reformation system is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) operating method of fuel cell system;    (2) fuel reformation system; and    (3) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram of the fuel reformation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    shift reaction unit (1)    oxidation reaction unit (2)    heat carrier flow path (12,22)    flow path switching unit (61,62)
NOVELTY - The composite material (10) has a brazing layer (15) on the surface of a base material (11). The brazing layer comprises titanium or titanium alloy layer (12) and metal(s) or its alloy layer. The brazing layer comprises 10 wt.% or less of titanium component.    USE - For brazing of heat exchanger and fuel cell component, cooler for modifier of fuel cell, oil cooler, radiator and secondary battery component.    ADVANTAGE - The composite material has excellent heat resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and brazing property. The junction portion of the brazed product has high reliability. The brazed product is manufactured inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The base material is stainless steel. The metal or its alloy layer is nickel or its alloy layer and copper or its alloy layer (13) or tin or its alloy layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for brazing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the composite material.    composite material (10)    base material (11)    titanium or titanium alloy layer (12)    copper or copper alloy layer (13)    brazing layer (15)
NOVELTY - The liquid fuel battery has a positive electrode (8) having oxygen-reducing property, a negative electrode (9) having fuel-oxidizing property, an electrolyte (10) provided between the positive and negative electrodes and a liquid fuel storage unit (3). The liquid fuel storage unit comprises carbon dioxide adsorption agent (6).    USE - For cordless apparatuses such as mobile telephone, and personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel battery is compact and provides high energy density. The liquid fuel battery efficiently removes carbon dioxide produced during cell reaction, and prevents leakage of the liquid fuel from the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon dioxide adsorption agent contains hydroxide group anion exchange resin. The adsorption agent is provided in powder, granular, thin film or fibrous form.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of the liquid fuel battery.    vent (1)    cover board (2)    liquid fuel storage portion (3)    fuel supply hole (3a)    liquid fuel (4)    liquid fuel impregnation material (5)    adsorption agent (6)    collector (7)    positive electrode (8)    negative electrode (9)    solid electrolyte (10)
NOVELTY - The porous liquid absorption holding component consists of a porous sintered compact formed by sintering metal powder, which surrounds a hole.    USE - For absorption and storing alcohol used as fuel for direct methanol type fuel cell used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The porous liquid absorption holding component has strong absorption power by capillary action, and can hold large amount of liquid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an alcohol absorption holding component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows liquid absorption evaluation test. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Fuel modifier has a drain tank (83) for collecting liquefied original fuel or condensed water in any one of modification section (60) and carbon monoxide concentration reducing section (70), through a drain hole opened at bottom of a labyrinth structure.    USE - Producing hydrogen-rich heating gas for use in fuel cell-mounted electric vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Startability of the fuel cell system is improved by draining liquid during succeeding start-up operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An evaporator (50) vaporizes original fuel to produce heating gas. The heating gas is made to undergo steam modification, to obtain hydrogen-rich heating gas. The bottom of the modification section with catalyst is inclined with respect to horizontal surface. A pump recirculates the contents of the drain tank to the evaporator. The drain valves (81,82) are arranged in flow path between the drain tank and drain hole. A controller regulates operation of drain valve, corresponding to modification catalyst temperature.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system; and    (2) fuel cell-mounted electric vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of principal portion of fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporator (50)    modification section (60)    catalyst (61)    carbon monoxide concentration reducing section (70)    drain valves (81,82)    drain tank (83)
NOVELTY - The modifier is equipped with catalyst which produces hydrogen-rich gas by the modification reaction of fuel containing organic compound having hydrogen atom and water, and a heating unit to supply heat required for the modification reaction. The ratio of catalyst amount to heating surface area for modification is 0.3-0.8.    USE - For fuel cell used as domestic electrical output.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier is simple, compact and stable for longer duration. The modification reaction is performed by high gas phase velocity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows relationship between quality improvement rate and ratio of catalyst amount to heating surface area. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An apparatus carries out steam reforming of hydrocarbon by reacting with oxygen-containing compounds and produces a hydrogen-containing gas. The oxygen-containing compound is methanol, ethanol or dimethyl ether.    USE - For steam reforming hydrocarbons (claimed) such as naphtha and kerosene and for manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus efficiently manufactures hydrogen-containing gas in reduced time. Reservation of hydrogen or inert gas is prevented and activity reduction resulting from carbonaceous adhesion is restrained during manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the apparatus used for manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    tanks (1,2)    water vapor supply unit (3)    low temperature water vapor modification-reaction device (4)    high temperature water vapor modification-reaction device (5)
NOVELTY - A mixing unit (18) mixes reformed gas supplied from a reformed-gas supply port (12) and air supplied from an air-supply port (13). The air-mixed reformed gas is supplied to a carbon monoxide reduction portion (14) filled with a carbon monoxide reduction catalyst. The gas containing less amount of carbon monoxide is ejected through a reformed-gas outlet (15).    USE - For reducing carbon monoxide gas in reformed gas supplied to load installations such as fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables uniform mixing of the reformed gas and the air, reducing the amount of carbon monoxide in the air efficiently. The consumption of the hydrogen in the reformed gas is reduced. Ensures stable supply of high concentration hydrogen to the load installations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mixing unit has constriction portion (19) connected to an exit side of an unification portion (18). An enlargement area (20) is connected to an exit side of an constriction portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the carbon monoxide reduction apparatus.    reformed-gas supply port (12)    air-supply port (13)    carbon monoxide reduction portion (14)    reformed-gas outlet (15)    mixing unit (16)    unification portion (18)    constriction portion (19)    enlargement area (20)
NOVELTY - A switch (40) switches from low voltage power unit (38) to high voltage power unit (39), for diffusing the combustible gas in to-be-measured gas, into gaseous diffusion layer (33) of sensing element (21), such that the diffused gas in the vicinity of ground electrode (32) gets oxidized. A detector (42) detects the pump current (Ip1) flowing between ground electrode and internal electrode (30) during oxidization.    USE - For sensing concentration of hydrogen gas generated in battery chamber of e.g. electric vehicle, hybrid vehicle, fuel cell, using Knudsen diffusion technique.    ADVANTAGE - Realizes a compact hydrogen sensor with improved thermal shock resistance, that ensures highly accurate and stable detection of even low-concentration hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross sectional view of the hydrogen sensor.    sensing element (21)    internal electrode (30)    ground electrode (32)    gaseous diffusion layer (33)    low voltage power unit (38)    high voltage power unit (39)    switch (40)    detector (42)    pump current (Ip1)
NOVELTY - The novel onium salt (I) is new.    USE - For non-aqueous electrolyte used for electrochemical device (both claimed) such as primary or secondary lithium cell, pigment sensitizing type solar cell, electrical double-layer capacitor and display device, and used for electrocrystallization bath.    ADVANTAGE - The onium salt has high electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity and oxidation resistance. The onium salt exists in a liquid state in a wide temperature range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The onium salt has formula (I) and is new.    X = halogen atom;    a = 1-3; and    Z+ = organic onium cation.    when a is two or less, X is same or different.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) non-aqueous electrolyte containing the onium salt; and    (2) electrochemical device containing the non-aqueous electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A boron nitride nanotube synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, is maintained between two metal plate sheets. The boron nitride nanotube between the metal plate sheets is heat-processed at high temperature in inert air atmosphere, to obtain boron nitride nanotube.    USE - For manufacture of boron nitride nanotube (claimed) used for hydrogen occlusion, and as fuel base material for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The boron nitride nanotube having lightweight, excellent heat resistance and chemical stability, is effectively and conveniently manufactured by the method. The boron nitride nanotube stably occludes hydrogen over a long period of time. The boron nitride nanotube is eco-friendly and highly safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for boron nitride nanotube, which has diameter of 5-100 nm, length of 1-10 mum, and hydrogen storage capacity of 4 wt.% or more at room temperature and pressure of 10 MPa.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing relationship between hydrogen storage capacity of the boron nitride nanotube and pressure, at room temperature.
NOVELTY - The method involves arranging a shielding board (m) in front of the grains recovery receptacle (3), to prevent penetration of non-solidified droplets of silicon melt solution into the receptacle. The solidified silicon grains are collected in the receptacle by the gas flow.    USE - For manufacturing silicon grains used in solar cell, photoelectric conversion apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The collection of the non-solidified droplets in the receptacle is prevented by the shielding board, hence high quality silicon grains are easily manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The receptacle is arranged in perpendicular direction of the nozzle hole through which the silicon melt solution is ejected to form silicon grains.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the silicon grains recovery receptacle.    Melting pot (1)    Receptacle (3)    Storage section (k)    Shielding board (m)    Impeller (p)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen-permeating alloy film contains palladium or palladium alloy comprising 1-20 atomic% of boron. The palladium alloy has face-centered-cubic crystal structure of lattice constant, at room temperature, of 0.39 nm or more.    USE - For hydrogen permeating component (claimed) used for purification and separation apparatus of hydrogen gas for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen permeating film has excellent ability of selectively permeating and separating the hydrogen from a mixed gas containing hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The palladium alloy further contains copper, silver and/or gold, and yttrium and/or lanthanides. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen permeating component; and    (2) manufacture of hydrogen permeating component.
NOVELTY - The solar cell contains transition metal oxide heterojunction which consists of n-type transition metal oxide having large band gap, and p-type transition metal oxide having small band gap.    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell functions effectively using ultraviolet radiation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of transparent solar cell which produced vanadium dioxide/titania:niobium/tin oxide heterojunction on glass substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An oxide sintered compact contains indium oxide and titanium. The content of titanium in the sintered compact is 0.003-0.120 by titanium/indium atomic ratio. The sintered compact has a specific resistance of 1 kOMEGAcm or less.    USE - Used for sputtering a target used for forming an oxide transparent-electrode film (both claimed) used for front-side electrodes of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The oxide sintered compact has high film-forming ability when used as a sputtering target. A transparent electrically conductive film having low resistance and favorable infrared and visible light permeability, is formed using the sputtering target by direct current sputtering, without generation of arcing. A solar cell of high-efficiency is produced economically using the transparent electrically conductive film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The content of tin (impurity) in the sintered compact is 0.025 or less by titanium/indium atomic ratio.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a sputtering target using an oxide sintered compact; and    (2) the manufacture of an oxide transparent-electrode film using the sputtering target.
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer (11) has a solid oxide electrolyte film (14) having catalyst. The electrolyte film is capable of permeating oxygen ion from fluid containing oxygen. The oxygen ion and hydrocarbon group fuel are reacted in presence of the catalyst, and produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen.    USE - For fuel modification, turbine power generation equipment and nuclear paraphernalia (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reformer produces fuel with more flammable component. Efficient electric power generation is carried out.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel modification method;    (2) turbine power generation equipment; and    (3) nuclear paraphernalia.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reformer (11)    exhaust gas route (12)    catalyst layer (13)    solid oxide electrolyte film (14)    temperature-rise pipe (15)
NOVELTY - A cooling unit (3) antifreezes the fuel cell (2), so as to separate the water using water soluble polymer. The humidification units (4,5) humidifies the hydrogen gas supplied to fuel cell, using the separated water, and the oxidizing-agent gas.    USE - Fuel cell system including phosphoric acid fuel cell, molten carbonate type fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell and polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the purity of separated water, and ensures efficient humidification of gas supplied to fuel cell. Thus improvement in battery property is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell system (1)    fuel cell (2)    cooling unit (3)    humidification units (4,5)
NOVELTY - The sheet comprises cathode catalyst layer and anode catalyst layer formed on the surface of electrolyte film.    USE - Catalyst layer formation sheet for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables providing high quality fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) catalyst layer formation sheet manufacturing method; and    (2) catalyst layer electrolyte film laminate structure manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of catalyst layer-electrolyte-film laminate structure. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An external case (3) has an ion-exchange-resin cartridge (2) whose internal case (20) is made of low polar resin such the rigidity of the external case is set higher than the rigidity of the internal case.    USE - Ion-exchange-resin unit integrated in cooling circuit of fuel cell system of motor vehicle engine. Also used in water purifier.    ADVANTAGE - Since the rigidity of the external case is set higher than the rigidity of the internal case, the weight of the ion-exchange-resin unit is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the ion-exchange-resin unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Ion-exchange-resin cartridge (2)    External case (3)    Internal case (20)    Filters (23a,23b)
NOVELTY - Surface structure of solar cell has sheet layer of ethylene copolymer composition (EC) adhered to surface layer of fluorine-resin film layer. EC is obtained by mixing coupling agent of amino or epoxy group with ethylene-polar monomer copolymer (CP). CP has polar monomers with polar groups chosen from carboxylic acid, carboxylate salt, carboxylic anhydride, epoxy group, hydroxyl group and amino group.    USE - For solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface structure of solar cell module has improved light transmittance, bonding strength, stain resistance and weather resistance. The solar cell module is of lightweight, and has good durability, transparency and interlayer adhesion. The solar cell module is manufactured with reduced cost and high productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A surface structure of solar cell has a sheet layer of ethylene copolymer composition, adhered to a surface layer (A) comprising a transparent fluorine-resin film layer. The copolymer composition is obtained by blending (in wt. pts) coupling agent (0.01-5) containing amino or epoxy group, with respect to ethylene-polar monomer copolymer (CP) (100). The copolymer (CP) contains 1 wt.% or more of polar monomers having polar groups chosen from carboxylic acid, carboxylate salt, carboxylic anhydride, epoxy group, hydroxyl group and amino group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module, which has the surface structure.
NOVELTY - A hearing device (1) comprises a signal processing unit (3) and a fuel cell (4) to supply the signal processing unit with energy, where the fuel tank of the fuel cell comprises a membrane (5) or an area with micro openings, to let the fluid or gas to be used by the fuel cell pass into the fuel tank, and to block other fluids from entering the fuel tank.    USE - Used as e.g. behind-the-ear hearing aids or in-the-ear hearing aids or hearing instruments.    ADVANTAGE - The use of mechanical vents and resulting drawbacks may be prevented, by using the membrane or micro openings. The refilling of fuel cells with the membranes or micro openings may be performed very easy, and without the need of special knowledge or skill. By regularly refilling the hearing device, it is at the same time cleaned and thus in a clean state, which diminishes a manual cleaning of the hearing device by the user, and enhances the perceived state of appearance and quality of the hearing device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method of filling a fuel tank of a hearing device, by placing the hearing device into a refilling container with fuel fluid or gas, such that the membrane or area with micro openings are fully covered by the fuel fluid or gas; and    (b) a method of cleaning the outside of hearing device by applying fuel fluid or gas to the outside.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a hearing device in form of a behind-the-ear hearing aid with a fuel cell.    Hearing device (1)    Shell (2)    Signal processing unit (3)    Fuel cell (4)    Membrane (5)
NOVELTY - A dispensing apparatus comprises container(s) having an interior volume, odorant material(s) disposed in the interior volume of a first container, and hydrogen storage material(s) disposed in the interior volume of the first container or interior volume of a second container. The odorant material has detectable odor(s).    USE - For dispensing odorant to hydrogen gas (claimed) e.g. for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive apparatus is capable of maintaining and dispensing uniform quantity of odorant at all time. It maintains constant concentration of the odorant throughout the supply of the gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for dispensing an odorant to a hydrogen gas comprising providing container(s) having an interior volume, odorant material(s) sorbed on a sorbent (11) and disposed in the interior volume of a first container, hydrogen storage material(s) (12) disposed in the interior volume of the first or second container; and applying a form of energy to the odorant material and to the hydrogen storage material and/or partially depressurizing the container(s) to release the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage material and the odorant material from the sorbent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a simplified, cross-sectional view of a vessel containing odorant sorbent and hydrogen storage materials.    Vessel (10)    Sorbent (11)    Hydrogen storage material (12)    Outlet (15)
NOVELTY - A composite multilayer product is prepared by depositing by thermal plasma spraying of powders, on a base made of structural material with low density and/or high thermal resistance, a coating of semiconductor oxides, doped with oxides of elements from the transition metals and metals in groups III-A and V-A so that the coating obtained maintains the composition and doping of the thermal plasma sprayed powders unchanged.    USE - The method is used in the preparation of a composite multilayer product used to limit the transmission of heat by radiation, as with machine components, mechanical or electronic devices or instruments which, during their working life, are subject to heating. The composite multilayer product can also be used to prevent, especially in restricted spaces, the onset of the greenhouse effect, determined by solar and artificial lighting, accompanied by an uncontrolled increase in the temperature in that area. It can also be used to components which, in their working life, are subject to friction, in particular friction with the air. It is particularly used for the surfaces of an aircraft subject to aerodynamic heating such as the connection edges of the wing and control surfaces, the front of the fuselage and the air intakes. With the composite product, solar energy converters can also be produced for applications in the building trade (walls that retain the heat) or in the field of energy production.    ADVANTAGE - The method permits the deposition of material with the required optical properties, able to weld permanently to its support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a crystallogram of the coating obtained by air thermal spraying, on a steel substrate, of a powder of 3% zinc oxide in Al2O3.
NOVELTY - A formulation proportion of an alloy composition neither generating Al beads nor weakening back reflection action in the production of automatic back electrodes, back fields and grating to select a proper proportion of Ag pulp and Al pulp(12-15): (85-88) to prepare AgAl pulp according to resistivity of the electrode matrix material.
NOVELTY - The composite resin film comprises one or more coating layers on surface of a base film. The base film is a resin film having thickness of more than 1 microns. The outermost coating layer comprises condensate of silicone compound as binder component. The contact angle of water droplet on the surface of the dry outermost coating layer is 40 degrees or less. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) stain resistant product such as solar cell module, which contains the composite resin film adhered on the surface of the product by heat fusion or by using adhesive agent; and (2) decorative board which contains the composite resin film adhered on the surface of a board material.    USE - Used for products such as solar cell modules used for roof of buildings and for decorative boards used for outdoors (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrophilic composite resin film has durable stain resistance, mechanical strength, surface smoothness property and crack-proof property. The composite resin film having high transmittance is provided by lowering the refractive index of the outermost coating layer. The composite resin film having high reflex rate is provided by increasing the refractive index of the outermost coating layer. The outermost coating layer has antistatic property, self-cleaning property and high hydrophilic property. The decorative board comprising composite resin film has light transmittance or light reflects rate for long period of time, and stain resistance. The composite resin film improves electric power generation efficiency to the solar cell modules. The solar cell comprising the present film is lightweight.
NOVELTY - Fluid sensor (10) comprises a tubular optical cell (16) with an input and output and a light source (17) and light detector (23) near to the optical cell. The cell has a membrane that permits entry of a reagent (12) or an analyte (34) into it while the other is inside. The light illumination device emanates light at two different wavelengths.    USE - For sensing (claimed), e.g. corrosive or toxic gases water pollutants, species contributing to biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, and gases in condensing environments, such as in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The novel sensor provides clean, leak-free and safe operation. It also achieves sensing concentrations of aggressive gases that may be either not possible with gas chromatography, nor be compact and affordable optical gas-phase absorption devices.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fluid sensor, as above.    sensor (10)    reagent (12)    optical cell (16)    light source (17)    light detector (23)    analyte (34)
NOVELTY - Aniline group derivative contains quinoxaline compounds as repeating structural units.    USE - For metal complex, photoelectric-conversion organic device, organic electroluminescent device (all claimed), photoelectric conversion organic device, optoelectric transducer, light voltage type battery, solar cell, secondary battery and soft actuator.    ADVANTAGE - The aniline group derivative has excellent photoelectric functionality, electroconductivity, workability, electrical stability, thermal stability and mechanical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Aniline group derivative of formula (I) contains repeating structural unit of quinoxaline compounds of formula (A or A') and/or formula (B or B') as essential units, and further contains repeating structural unit of formula (C or C') or its oxides.    R, R' = H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, monoalkyl amino, dialkylamino, acetyl amino, COOH, SO3H, OH, NO2, halogen atom or COORa;    Ra = alkyl, aryl or aralkyl;    Z' = CR2, 0 or NH;    R = H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, COOH, SO3H, NO2, halogen atom or COORb;    Rb = alkyl, aryl or aralkyl; and    n = 1-500000.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) metal complex formed by coordinating metal ion with aniline group derivative;    (2) photoelectric-conversion organic device containing aniline group derivative or metal complex;    (3) organic electroluminescent device containing aniline group derivative or metal complex; and    (4) manufacture of aniline group derivative.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural model of electroluminescent device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A mesoporous material has network of interconnected pores within L3 phase structure. The pores include pore walls of a silicate material functionalized with metal cation(s).    USE - The invention is used in chemical, biological, optical, and electronics industries, preferably in article consisting of opto-electronic devices, separation filters, biomolecular sensors, and fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides method capable of providing selected, functional sites in a number of locations within the structural network. It does not add excessive cost to overall manufacturing operations. It provides mesoporous structure having maintained physical integrity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for preparing mesoporous material comprising combining solvent(s), surfactant(s) for L3 phase formation, and optionally catalyst(s), to form a surfactant L3 phase; combining the surfactant L3 phase with metal cation precursor(s) to functionalize the phase with the metal cation; and combining the functionalized surfactant L3 phase with resin precursor(s) to form the mesoporous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a simple flow chart of the process of manufacturing the inventive mesoporous material.
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises a first junction based on a ternary alloy having a high bandgap; and a second junction, based on the ternary alloy having different composition, electrically coupled to the first junction, the second junction having a low bandgap, where the relative bandgaps are adjusted to a desired range of the solar spectrum.    USE - For use as broad-spectrum solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The alloy in the solar cell enhances the utilization of solar energy spectrum.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for forming a multi-junction solar cell using a single alloy system, comprising: forming a first junction on top of a buffer layer supported by a substrate, wherein the first junction comprises In1-xGaxN; forming a tunnel junction on top of the first junction; forming a second junction on top of the tunnel junction; removing the buffer layer and the substrate layer; and forming contacts on the first junction and the second junction to form the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the multi-junction solar cell.    Top layer (110)    Middle junction (115)    Bottom junction (120)    Photons (125, 130, 135)
NOVELTY - An electrode (22, 24) comprises catalyst layer (26, 30) having proton-conducting substance.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved battery voltage and less deterioration in fuel cell properties over time than conventional fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell (50) comprising electrode for a fuel cell in a fuel-feeding side, electrode for a fuel cell in oxygen-feeding side, and solid electrolyte membrane (20) sandwiched between electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of a fuel cell.    Solid electrolyte membrane (20)    Electrode (22, 24)    Catalyst layer (26, 30)    Gas-diffusion layer (28, 32)    Fuel cell (50)