TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The anode has an anode first planar surface which abuts the frame first planar peripheral surface as to define with the member the anolyte circulation chamber within the confines of the frame, and the cathode has an cathode second planar surface which abuts the frame second planar peripheral surface as to define with the member the catholyte circulation chamber within the confines of the frame. The anode in whole or in part is disposed within the anolyte circulation chamber and the cathode in whole or in part is disposed within the catholyte circulation chamber. The anode is in contact with the membrane within the anode circulation chamber and the cathode is in contact with the membrane within the cathode circulation chamber. The anode is formed as a laminate with, or coating on the membrane and the cathode is formed as a laminate with, or coating on the membrane. The anolyte circulation chamber has a lower portion defining an inverted triangle having an apex defining an anolyte entry port in communication with the anolyte flow inlet channel, and an upper portion defining a triangle having an apex defining an anolyte exit port in communication with the spent anolyte channel; and the catholyte circulation chamber has a lower portion defining an inverted triangle having an apex defining a catholyte entry port in communication with the catholyte flow inlet channel, and an upper portion defining a triangle having an apex defining a catholyte exit port in communication with the spent catholyte channel. The anolyte entry port is central of the frame; and the anolyte exit port is adjacent a first periphery of the frame. The cell stack further comprises compressible sealing members dispersed between adjacent cell members such as anode, cathode, frame and cell wall. The compressible sealing member is an o-ring, and the cell members have portions defining o-ring receiving recesses. The cell stack can be in monopolar or bipolar filter press arrangement. The cell stack further comprises a device for providing the positive pressure differentials of 2-6 atmospheres. Preferred Parameters: The anode and the cathode are in the form of metallic foil having a thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The frame and the cell end wall are formed of polymeric, engineered plastics material.