TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The heating step occurs in a furnace from a fluidized bed furnace, a rotatory furnace (10), or a static furnace. The carbon source gas is heated to 100-1300, preferably 400-700degreesC to generate carbon material. It is mixed with an inert gas. Preferred Component: The coating further comprises a conductive additive. The current collector is aluminum having a carbon coating. The electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte. It comprises a salt dissolved in a solvent comprising linear or cyclic carbonate(s). Preferred Property: The thickness of the carbon coating on the aluminum is less than 80 (preferably less than 2) microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert gas is nitrogen, helium, and/or argon. The olivine or nasicon contains pores. The carbon is deposited within the pores. The amount of deposited carbon is less than 15 (preferably less than or equal to4) wt.%. The olivine or nasicon comprises nasicon, AnB2(XO4)3; or olivine, LiFe1-xMxPO4.A = Li, Ag, Cu, Na, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn;B = Ti, V, Cr, Fe, or Zr;X = P, S, Si, W, or Mo;n = O-3;M = Mn, Co, Ti, or Ni; andx = greater than or equal to0 and less than or equal to1.Preferred Material: The negative electrode comprises a material from lithium metal, graphite, other carbon, Cu6Sn5, Cu2Sb, manganese-antimony (MnSb), other metal alloys, Li4Ti5O12, and/or silica alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert gas is nitrogen, helium, and/or argon. The olivine or nasicon contains pores. The carbon is deposited within the pores. The amount of deposited carbon is less than 15 (preferably less than or equal to4) wt.%. The olivine or nasicon comprises nasicon, AnB2(XO4)3; or olivine, LiFe1-xMxPO4.A = Li, Ag, Cu, Na, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn;B = Ti, V, Cr, Fe, or Zr;X = P, S, Si, W, or Mo;n = O-3;M = Mn, Co, Ti, or Ni; andx = greater than or equal to0 and less than or equal to1.Preferred Material: The negative electrode comprises a material from lithium metal, graphite, other carbon, Cu6Sn5, Cu2Sb, manganese-antimony (MnSb), other metal alloys, Li4Ti5O12, and/or silica alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon source gas is acetylene, butane, 1-3 butadiene, 1-butene, Cis-2-butene, Trans-2-butene, 2-2 dimethylpropane, ethane, ethylene, isobutane, isobutylene, methane, propane, toluene, and/or propylene. The salt is lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroboride (LiBF4), lithium hexafluoroarsenide (LiAsF6), LiCF3SO3, Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li(CF3SO2)3C, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, Li-methide, Li-imide, lithium alkyl fluorophosphate, and/or lithium bis(chelato)borate.