US7303723-B2  Barin; Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances. ed., ed. vol. 48, 573, 620, 622, 700, 702, 703, 1213, 1690-1696, 1775, 1778-1780. 1995, Weinheim, Germany: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft.;  Catlow; Defect clustering in nonstoichiometric oxides, in Nonstoichiom. Oxides, O. Sorensen, Editor^Editors. 1981, Academic Press, Inc.: New York. p. 61-98.;  Du, etal.; Preparation and structure analysis of titanium oxide nanotubes. Applied Physics Letters, 2001, 79(22): p. 3702-3704.;  Gong, etal.; Titanium oxide nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation. Journal of Materials Research, 2001. 16(12): p. 3331-3334.;  Imai, etal.; Direct preparation of anatase TiO2 nanotubes in porous alumina membranes. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1999. 9(12): p. 2971-2972.;  Imhof & Pine; Ordered Macroporous materials by emulsion templating. Nature(London), 1997. 389(6654): p. 948-951.;  Kasuga, etal.; Formation of Titanium Oxide Nanotube. Langmuir, 1998. 14(12): p. 3160-3163.;  Kasuga, etal.; Titania nanotubes prepared by chemical processing. Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany), 1999. 11(15): p. 1307-1311.;  Lynch & Bullard; Phase equilibria in the titanium-oxygen system. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 1997, 28B(3): p. 447-453.;  M. P. Harold, et al.; Catalysis with inorganic membranes; MRS Bulletin, 1994. 19(4): p. 34-9.;  Marguerettaz & Fitzmaurice; Heterosupramolecular chemistry: long-lived charge trapping by vectorial electron flow in a heterotriad. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1994 116(11): p. 5017-18).;  Michailowski, Almawlawi, Cheng & Moskovits; Highly regular anatase nanotuble arrays fabricated in porous anodic templates. Chemical Physics Letters, 2001. 349 (1,2): p. 1-5.;  O'Regan & Graetzel; A low cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal titanium dioxide films. Nature (London, United Kingdom), 1991. 353(6346): p. 5017-18.;  O.K.Varghese, et al.; Crystallization and high-temperature structural stability of titanium oxide nanotube arrays. Journal of Materials Research, 2003. 18(1): p. 156-165.;  Sugiura, Yoshida & Minoura; Designing a TiO2 nano-honeycomb structure using photoelectrochemical etching. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 1998. 1(4): p. 175-177.;  Xagas, Androulaki, Hiskia, & Falaras; Preparation, fractal surface morphology and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 films. Thin Solid Films, 1999. 357(2): p. 173-178.