TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: Hydrogen is derived from the water, via an inorganic chemical process, in which combinations of inorganic input elements are used in a reduction process, where water is reduced to hydrogen and residual products are generated, and/or via dissociation of water using pulsed frequencies. Gases are air and/or steam and/or traces of gases originating from the external combustion chambers. The combinations of the inorganic input elements are hydrides, amphoteric elements, electropositive elements in groups I and II, chelated transition elements, oxyacids of phosphorus, or oxyacids of sulfur. Chemical reactions take place in an alkaline cell, where the reductant is a binary and/or a ternary hydride and/or a hydroxide and/or a hydroxide in combination with an amphoteric element. The amphoteric element is aluminum, zinc, chromium, gallium, or tin. The reductant is sodium hydride in combination with zinc forming the residual product zincate resulting in a reaction: Zn + 2NaH + 2H2O = Na2ZnO2 + 3H2; sodium hydroxide in combination with aluminum forming the residual product sodium aluminate resulting in the reaction: Al + NaOH + H2O = NaAlO2 + 1.5H2; or iron and the residual product is Fe2O3 and/or Fe3O4, where the reaction is: 2Fe + 3H2O = Fe2O3 + 3H2 and/or 3Fe + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The combustion chamber of a four-stroke Otto-engine is converted into a working chamber where the expanding gases effect the pistons and associated equipment of Otto engine contained and where the conversion of the reciprocal movement of the pistons into rotary movement is made via a crankshaft. The device is a two-stroke engine and comprises working chambers being cylinders each one containing two opposed pistons disposed to reciprocate in opposite directions along the longitudinal axis. The reciprocal movement into rotary interconnected to each piston. Transformation of movement is made via a crankshaft. The device contains a main shaft disposed parallel to, and spaced from the longitudinal axis of each cylinder, on which two axially spaced cam plates are carried by the main shaft for rotation and where the cam plates are interconnected with the pistons so that reciprocation of the pistons imparts rotary motion to the main shaft and vice versa. The cam plates may be designed describing a curve, which allows optimization of the piston movements in view of efficiency and emissions. The dwell time at Top Dead Center (TDC) is being minimized to minimize heat losses and the dwell time at Bottom Dead Center (BDC) is being considerably longer than the dwell time at TDC and long enough to allow for an effective scavenging. A stratified charge is obtained in the external combustion chambers by a divided airflow in that the air/fuel mix is injected at the end of the external combustion chamber where the ignition system is placed and fresh air at the other end of the external combustion chamber adjacent to the working chamber. The expanding gases are led out from the expansion chamber causing rotation of wheels placed outside the working chamber where the wheel is a turbine wheel where the rotary movement is generated in the same fashion as in a gas turbine or a steam turbine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: Hydrogen is derived from the water, via an inorganic chemical process, in which combinations of inorganic input elements are used in a reduction process, where water is reduced to hydrogen and residual products are generated, and/or via dissociation of water using pulsed frequencies. Gases are air and/or steam and/or traces of gases originating from the external combustion chambers. The combinations of the inorganic input elements are hydrides, amphoteric elements, electropositive elements in groups I and II, chelated transition elements, oxyacids of phosphorus, or oxyacids of sulfur. Chemical reactions take place in an alkaline cell, where the reductant is a binary and/or a ternary hydride and/or a hydroxide and/or a hydroxide in combination with an amphoteric element. The amphoteric element is aluminum, zinc, chromium, gallium, or tin. The reductant is sodium hydride in combination with zinc forming the residual product zincate resulting in a reaction: Zn + 2NaH + 2H2O = Na2ZnO2 + 3H2; sodium hydroxide in combination with aluminum forming the residual product sodium aluminate resulting in the reaction: Al + NaOH + H2O = NaAlO2 + 1.5H2; or iron and the residual product is Fe2O3 and/or Fe3O4, where the reaction is: 2Fe + 3H2O = Fe2O3 + 3H2 and/or 3Fe + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The carbon-based fuels are petrol and/or diesel.