TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solute solution is a saturated solution and has a concentration, which is maintained at constant level. The semi-permeable barrier is a membrane or a gel. The system includes a cartridge containing the membrane. The cartridge is open to and contiguous with the solvent chamber. It is a reverse osmosis cartridge. The pressure chamber includes crystals of undissolved solute to maintain the solute solution as a saturated solute solution. The system includes valves for opening and closing the solvent chamber, and a conversion device for converting hydrostatic pressure in the pressure chamber to mechanical work. The conversion device includes a first piston in connection with the pressure chamber. The piston moves from a first position to a second position in response to an increase in pressure in the pressure chamber due to the diffusion of solvent molecules into the pressure chamber. The conversion device includes a diaphragm that separates the pressure chamber from hydraulic fluid in connection with the first piston, and a push rod connected to the first piston. The push rod moves in response to movement of the first piston. A mechanical device is connected to the push rod whose movement is used to operate the mechanical device. It comprises alternator, generator, gear, fly wheel, hydraulic motor, or lever. A return system moves the piston back to the first position. It comprises a return spring for pushing the push rod, a second system having a second solvent chamber, a second pressure chamber, a second semi-permeable barrier separating the second pressure chamber from the second solvent chamber and second piston that moves in response to solvent flow from the second solvent chamber through the semi-permeable barrier into the second pressure chamber. The second piston pushes the first piston back to the first position. An exhaust system exhausts solute solution as blow-down when the first piston moves back to the first position. A recycling system recycles solvent after the piston moves back to the first position. It uses a portion of the energy produced by the energy producing system. It comprises a blow-down receiving chamber for collecting solute solution expelled through an exhaust channel during backward travel of piston to the first position, and a heating device connected to the blowdown receiving chamber for vaporizing the solvent in the solute solution into solvent vapor while retaining solute residue in solid form. The heating device uses heat from a radiant heat source or an electrical heating device. The recycling device includes a condenser for receiving the solvent vapor from the blow-down receiving chamber, converting solvent vapor to liquid solvent, and returning the liquid solvent to the solvent chamber; a vacuum pump for applying a vacuum in the solvent chamber to lower vapor pressure of solvent with the heating device to facilitate vaporization of the solvent; and a solute recycling device for returning the solute residue to the pressure chamber after vaporization of the solvent. The blow-down receiving chamber freezes the solute solution to freeze-dry or concentrate the solute. A buffer chamber connects with the pressure chamber for setting a pressure in the pressure chamber to a desired pressure. It is filled with compressed gas and includes an elastic diaphragm for separating the solute solution in the pressure chamber and the compressed gas in the buffer chamber. A control valve permits solvent flow from the solvent chamber, across the membrane and into the pressure chamber. A flow restricting device controls solvent flow from the solvent chamber through the membrane. The cartridge comprises two layers of membrane separated by separator to form a sack. The system includes pistons or membrane cartridges.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The solvent comprises a water solution, and/or liquid bromine. The solute comprises sodium chloride (NaCl), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), lithium chloride (LiCl), solvent-soluble acids, bases, metal salts of inorganic acids, metal salts of organic acids; chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, sugars, colloidal osmotic agents, and/or inorganic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The solvent comprises a water solution, and/or liquid bromine. The solute comprises sodium chloride (NaCl), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), lithium chloride (LiCl), solvent-soluble acids, bases, metal salts of inorganic acids, metal salts of organic acids; chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, sugars, colloidal osmotic agents, and/or inorganic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The solvent comprises methanol. The solute may comprise organic polymers, sugars, and/or alcohols.