TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Parameter: The half-value width Delta of a peak at 1300-1400/cm measured in the Raman spectrum of the graphite-based material is 40-100/cm. The coating weight of the negative-electrode depolarizing mix is 1.5-6 mg/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative-electrode active substance is a graphite-based material. A solvent for the electrolyte contains a nitrate. The electrolyte contains a salt of lithium. The positive-electrode mix contains a layered composite oxide of LiNixMnyCozMalphaO2 or LiNixM1-xO2 as a positive-electrode active material.M=Fe, Cr, Cu, Al, Mg or Si;x+y+z+alpha=l;x=0.2-0.5;y=0.25-0.7;z=0.1-0.5;alpha=0-0.1;M=Mn, Co, Fe, Cr, Cu, Al or Mg;x=0.7-0.095.Preferred Parameter: The graphite-based material has an R value (I-RD/I-RG), which is the ratio of peak intensity (I-RD) at 1300-1400/cm to peak intensity (I-RG) at 1580-1620/cm measured in its Raman spectrum of 0.3-0.6; and an H value (I-H(100)/I-H(004)), which is the ratio of the peak height intensity (I-H(100)) of the face (110) to the peak height intensity (I-H(004)) of the face (004) in its X-ray diffraction of 0.5-2.0 or a C value, which is the ratio of the peak integral intensity (I-C(110) of the face (110) to the peak integral intensity (I-C(004)) of the face (004) of 0.4-1.50. The average particle diameter of the graphite-based material is 2-20 microns.Preferred Composition: The negative-electrode depolarizing mix contains 1-10 wt.% of a conducting agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative-electrode active substance is a graphite-based material. A solvent for the electrolyte contains a nitrate. The electrolyte contains a salt of lithium. The positive-electrode mix contains a layered composite oxide of LiNixMnyCozMalphaO2 or LiNixM1-xO2 as a positive-electrode active material.M=Fe, Cr, Cu, Al, Mg or Si;x+y+z+alpha=l;x=0.2-0.5;y=0.25-0.7;z=0.1-0.5;alpha=0-0.1;M=Mn, Co, Fe, Cr, Cu, Al or Mg;x=0.7-0.095.Preferred Parameter: The graphite-based material has an R value (I-RD/I-RG), which is the ratio of peak intensity (I-RD) at 1300-1400/cm to peak intensity (I-RG) at 1580-1620/cm measured in its Raman spectrum of 0.3-0.6; and an H value (I-H(100)/I-H(004)), which is the ratio of the peak height intensity (I-H(100)) of the face (110) to the peak height intensity (I-H(004)) of the face (004) in its X-ray diffraction of 0.5-2.0 or a C value, which is the ratio of the peak integral intensity (I-C(110) of the face (110) to the peak integral intensity (I-C(004)) of the face (004) of 0.4-1.50. The average particle diameter of the graphite-based material is 2-20 microns.Preferred Composition: The negative-electrode depolarizing mix contains 1-10 wt.% of a conducting agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte contains organic boric acid (the boric acid has a carboxyl-derived group having a halogen-substituted alkyl group). EXAMPLE - A graphite-based material D having an average particle diameter of 22 microns as negative-electrode active material was used in a forming a battery. The graphite-based material D had an H value of 1.63, a C value of 1.20, an R value of 0.54 and a Delta value of 105/cm. The battery contained a composite oxide powder of LiNi0.34Mn0.33Co0.33O2 as positive-electrode active material, and 9 wt.% flaky graphite as a conducting agent. The positive-electrode active material includes 1.7 wt.% acetylene black and a solution containing 4.3 wt.% of polyvinylidene fluoride dissolved in N-methyl-pyrrolidone. The battery was evaluated to had an output density of 252 W/kg at SOC of 50% and 150 W/kg at an SOC of 30%, H value of 1.63, C value of 1.2, R value of 0.54, Delta value of 105/cm and average particle diameter of 22 microns.