TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The electrolyzing is conducted at a voltage greater than the electrolysis voltage of water. The dislodged matter is transported from a vicinity of the surface by flow of electrolyte (17) via an eductor. The transporting of dislodged matter is conducted in the presence of a fluid that entrains the dislodged matter, in which the fluid comprises the water in contact with the substrate surface. The transporting step involves movement of the surface and/or the fluid relative to one another. It includes moving the fluid and the substrate. Supply of electric current is initiated before the immersing. The potential of electric current continues to be supplied while the conductive substrate is being removed from the electrolyte medium. The removed substrate is rinsed before the coating is applied. The coating is applied by immersing the vehicle part in a solution comprising a film-forming component, and applying a potential of electric current between the vehicle part and a counter-electrode. The method includes baking the applied coating. Preferred Condition: The electrolyzing is at a current density of less than 1 (preferably 0.1-0.3) A/dm2. The immersion occurs for up to 2 minutes or greater than or equal to10 seconds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Parameter: The voltage is greater than or equal to2 (preferably up to 20) volts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate constitutes a cathode. The electrolyte medium comprises a basic electrolyte, an acidic electrolyte, and/or trisodium phosphate. The solvent comprises water or pressurized water. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte medium comprises sodium carbonate in an amount of 20-30 g/L of electrolyte medium. Preferred Property: The pH of the electrolyte medium is 3-13. The fluid has a density sufficient to entrain the dislodged matter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate constitutes a cathode. The electrolyte medium comprises a basic electrolyte, an acidic electrolyte, and/or trisodium phosphate. The solvent comprises water or pressurized water. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte medium comprises sodium carbonate in an amount of 20-30 g/L of electrolyte medium. Preferred Property: The pH of the electrolyte medium is 3-13. The fluid has a density sufficient to entrain the dislodged matter.