TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The first unit fuel cell comprises the first frame and a second frame. The first frame is formed from the front process layer, the front perimeter barrier, and the front cavity. The second frame is formed from the back process layer, the back perimeter barrier, and the back cavity. The first frame comprises the front process layer or the back process layer, the front perimeter barrier and the back perimeter barrier, and the front cavity and the back cavity. At least a portion of the front plenum or the back oxidant plenum is embedded in the first frame. At least a portion of the front plenum or the back oxidant plenum is embedded in the first or second frame. A second front process layer and a second back process layer are also included. A second front perimeter barrier is disposed on the second front process layer and a second back perimeter barrier is disposed on the second back process layer. A second front cavity and a second back cavity are formed in the first or the second frame. The front cavity is in communication with the front side of the fuel cell layer, and the back cavity is in communication with the back side of the fuel cell layer. The front process layer or the back process layer facilitates a transport process between the front plenum and the back oxidant plenum. The front perimeter barrier completely encloses the back cavity. The back perimeter barrier completely encloses the front cavity. The fuel cell layer comprises a thin flat construction or a thin curvilinear construction. The unit fuel cells are disposed parallel to each other and orthogonally around a central axis. The first unit fuel cell is disposed at a different angle to the second unit fuel cell. The fuel cell layer surrounds the front plenum and conforms to the shape of the front plenum. The front plenum is enclosed by a device. The fuel cell layer comprises between two unit fuel cells and 50000 or 100 unit fuel cells. The front process layer or the back process layer comprises an ion conducting material. The ion conducting material is a proton exchange membrane, an electrolyte filled micro-porous structure, and/or a liquid electrolyte trapped in a mesh. The front cavity or the back cavity is a low aspect ratio cavity at least partially filled with a catalyst. The low aspect ratio and the catalyst form a gas diffusion electrode. The front process layer or the back process layer comprises an electronically conductive material. The front perimeter barrier and the back perimeter barrier comprise a material that prevents the uncontrolled mixing of the fuel and the oxidant. The front and back barrier comprises a form that is a micro-structure or a three dimensional structure creating a tortuous path. The front process layer or the back process layer comprises at least one thin sheet. Preferred Property: The front process layer or the back process layer comprises a thickness of 12 cm. The front cavity or the back cavity is at least partially filled with a gas diffusion electrode. The front process layer and the back process layer are alternatively ionic conducting process layers and electronic conducting process layers. The diffusion electrode comprises a porous conductive layer and a catalyst that adjoins an ionic conducting layer forming an anode or a cathode. The front process layer is an undulating front process layer. The back process layer is an undulating back process layer. The front cavity is an undulating front cavity. The back cavity is an undulating back cavity. The front perimeter barrier is an undulating front perimeter barrier, and the back perimeter barrier is an undulating back perimeter barrier. The gas diffusion electrode comprises a first catalyst and a second catalyst. The catalyst layer is a cracked layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component; The fuel is hydrogen. The oxidant comprises is air, oxygen, mixtures of inert gas and/or oxygen. The conductive material is a metal, a filled metal composite, and/or a graphite composite. The material is a metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel is hydrogen from reformate, a methanol, an ethanol, formic acid, and/or ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component; The fuel is hydrogen. The oxidant comprises is air, oxygen, mixtures of inert gas and/or oxygen. The conductive material is a metal, a filled metal composite, and/or a graphite composite. The material is a metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive material is a filled microstructure of polymer and/or filled epoxy composite. The material is silicone, a rubber, a polyamide, a synthetic rubber, an epoxy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluoride, and/or their composites, laminates, and/or alloys. The porous conductive layer comprises a polymer bound carbon composite, a micro-structured carbon monolith, a porous conductive media, a porous metal foam, and/or conductive microstructure. Preferred Property: The front cavity or the back cavity has an aspect ratio greater than 1 (2.5-15) cm/cm. The first perimeter barrier and second perimeter barrier each comprise a height of 100 nm to 10 mm and a width of 10 nm to 5 mm.