TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The ceramic material is at least one of oxides of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, yttrium, silicon, lanthanum or strontium, and carbides of silicon and titanium. It comprises 1-85 wt.% of the composite. Preferred Method: The method of making the mesoporous composite article further comprises providing a surfactant and mixing the surfactant with the solution; providing an organic or inorganic acid and mixing the organic or inorganic acid with the solution; adding a precipitating agent to the solution to induce formation of the gel; and heating the solution to induce formation of the gel. The gel is dried under ambient conditions. It is dried using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). It is dried under vacuum, or by freeze-drying. The dried gel is heat conditioned by heating in an inert atmosphere at 90-130degreesC followed by heating at 300-400degreesC. It is calcined in an oxygen-containing environment at greater than or equal to 400degreesC. The method of making the mesoporous composite article containing the metal or metal oxide using a wet impregnation technique, may comprise adding a metal and a promoter/catalyst in the form of inorganic salts in solution to a porous solid ceramic material to form a wet impregnated solid ceramic material; drying the wet impregnated solid ceramic material; heating the solid ceramic material; and calcining the ceramic material to form the mesoporous composite article. The wet impregnated solid ceramic material is dried under ambient conditions or under vacuum. The ceramic material is heat conditioned in an inert atmosphere at 90-130degreesC followed by heating at 300-400degreesC. It is calcined in an oxygen-containing environment at greater than or equal to 400degreesC.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The porous composite containing metal oxide from the oxidation reaction is reused in the reduction reaction. The method further includes a reaction promoter or catalyst in the form of an oxide from at least one oxide of iron, copper, nickel, tin, cobalt, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, platinum, ruthenium, chromium, manganese, or calcium; purifying the hydrogen gas using a membrane filter; removing sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds from the hydrogen gas; and gasifying the fuel in solid or liquid form prior to the reduction reaction. The solid or liquid fuel is gasified by pyrolysis, evaporation, partial oxidation, hydrogenation, carbon dioxide, and/or steam. Preferred Component: The porous or mesoporous composite comprises a monolith, pellets, or particles. It preferably comprises particles having a size of 50 microns to 1 mm, or particles having a size of 1-50 mm; and a mesoporous matrix. The metal/metal oxide is at least one of iron, copper, nickel, tin, cobalt, vanadium, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum. The reaction promoter or catalyst comprises not greater than 25 wt.% of the composite. The ceramic precursor may comprise an inorganic metal salt. The metal precursor and the promoter/catalyst precursor may comprise an inorganic metal salt, or an inorganic metal salt hydrate. Preferred Properties: The porous composite has pore sizes of 20-250degreesA, ferromagnetic properties, and eddy current properties.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The porous composite containing metal oxide from the oxidation reaction is reused in the reduction reaction. The method further includes a reaction promoter or catalyst in the form of an oxide from at least one oxide of iron, copper, nickel, tin, cobalt, vanadium, zinc, molybdenum, platinum, ruthenium, chromium, manganese, or calcium; purifying the hydrogen gas using a membrane filter; removing sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds from the hydrogen gas; and gasifying the fuel in solid or liquid form prior to the reduction reaction. The solid or liquid fuel is gasified by pyrolysis, evaporation, partial oxidation, hydrogenation, carbon dioxide, and/or steam. Preferred Component: The porous or mesoporous composite comprises a monolith, pellets, or particles. It preferably comprises particles having a size of 50 microns to 1 mm, or particles having a size of 1-50 mm; and a mesoporous matrix. The metal/metal oxide is at least one of iron, copper, nickel, tin, cobalt, vanadium, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum. The reaction promoter or catalyst comprises not greater than 25 wt.% of the composite. The ceramic precursor may comprise an inorganic metal salt. The metal precursor and the promoter/catalyst precursor may comprise an inorganic metal salt, or an inorganic metal salt hydrate. Preferred Properties: The porous composite has pore sizes of 20-250degreesA, ferromagnetic properties, and eddy current properties.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel comprises coal, oil, shale oil, oil sands, biomass, methane-rich gases, fuel-rich waste gases from fuel cells, separation processes, and/or their derivatives. The ceramic precursor, the metal precursor and the promoter/catalyst precursor, may comprise a metal alkoxide.