NOVELTY - An electrolyte layer for a fuel cell comprises: a compact substrate through which a gas supplied to an electrochemical reaction passes; a porous layer with fine pores and formed on the substrate; and an inorganic electrolyte supported in the pores.    USE - For a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The layer is thinner while preserving its gas impermeability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a fuel cell, comprising the electrolyte layer (21) as above; and an electrode (22, 23) disposed adjacent to the porous layer, on the side opposite the substrate; and    (b) a method of manufacturing the electrolyte layer, comprising preparing the compact substrate (27) through which the gas supplied to the electrochemical reaction passes; forming the porous layer with the fine pores on the substrate; and supporting the inorganic electrolyte (28) in the pores.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-section of a structure of a single cell.    Electrolyte layer (21)    Electrode (22, 23)    Compact substrate (27)    Inorganic electrolyte (28)
NOVELTY - Spring for use at temperatures above 600degreesC is made from ceramic.    USE - In fuel cells (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for making the spring by molding under pressure and at a temperature near its sintering point.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a mold for making the spring.    Upper section (1)    Lower section (2)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell having an inlet on the cathode side, an inlet on the anode side and an outlet, a feed line on the cathode side for connecting to the inlet on the cathode side, a feed line on the anode side for connecting to the inlet on the anode side and a removal line connected to the outlet and to the feed lines via a return line.    USE - For a vehicle power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system is compact.
NOVELTY - Indium metal layer and copper-gallium alloy layer are laminated on electrode layer, and precursor is obtained. A substrate having precursor is placed in airtight space, and hydrogen selenide gas is introduced. Hydrogen selenide gas is further introduced to space heated at 250-450 degrees C. The interior of airtight space is heated at 450-650 degrees C. The substrate is heated, cooled, and optical absorption layer is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing optical absorption layer used for chalcopyrite-type thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The optical absorption layer provides solar cell having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Indium metal layer and copper-gallium alloy layer are laminated on electrode layer by sputtering method, and a precursor is obtained. A substrate containing the obtained precursor is accommodated in an airtight space, and hydrogen selenide gas is introduced to the space maintained at temperature ranging between room temperature and 250degreesC. Hydrogen selenide gas is further introduced to the space heated at 250-450degreesC. The introduced gas is remained in the space, and interior of airtight space is heated at 450-650degreesC. The substrate is heated, cooled, and optical absorption layer is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the temperature profile during hydrogen selenide gas introduction processing. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Molten salt electrolysis is carried out in an electrolytic bath, where at least one metal compound chosen from actinoid compound and rare earth compound is molten, by using a substrate containing at least one metal chosen from iron, cobalt and nickel, as a cathode (3), to form alloy thin film on the substrate which has fine and/or complicated shape.    USE - For forming magnetic alloy thin film used for forming void metal composite thin film for substrates (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method allows formation of thin film even on substrate, which is of fine and complicated shape. The alloy thin film of desired composition can be formed easily and inexpensively. The alloy thin film has uniform thickness and excellent adhesion. Peeling of the thin film from the substrate is prevented. The fuel cell utilizing the substrate, has reduced size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metallic compound is dissolved in a fused salt containing at least one type of cesium chloride, cesium bromide and cesium iodide, at least one type of alkali metal halide and alkaline earth metal halide. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) formation of void metal composite thin film;    (2) alloy thin film;    (3) void metal composite thin film; and    (4) substrate having alloy thin film or void metal composite thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of fuel cell.    container (1)    heater (2)    cathode (3)    anode (4)
NOVELTY - The novel imide compound has specific constitutional units bonded to one another without intervening of coupling group.    USE - As electron transport material used for electrophotographic photoreceptor, organic transistor, organic solar cell and organic electroluminescent element (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The novel compound has favorable electron transport property, and provides electronic devices having excellent sensitivity, durability, repeating stability, thin-film stability and electrical property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The novel imide compound has a structure, in which constitutional units of formula (1) are bonded to one another without intervening of coupling group.    X1,X4=oxygen atom, sulfur atom or NR0;    R0=H or (un)substituted monovalent organic group; and    Z0=tetravalent organic group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrophotographic photoreceptor, which contains at least one type of the novel imide compound;    (2) organic transistor, which contains at least one type of the novel imide compound;    (3) organic solar cell, which contains at least one type of the novel imide compound; and    (4) organic electroluminescent element, which contains at least one type of the novel imide compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.    electroconductive substrate (10)    undercoating layer (20)    photosensitive layer (30)    protective layer (40)
NOVELTY - Electrolytic cell is produced by coating an electrolyte layer of an intermediate sintered form comprising the electrolyte layer supported by an anode layer with a pre-coat layer containing electrically non-conductive particles of less than one-tenth of a micron in size to fill in defects existing within the electrolyte layer; removing the pre-coat layer; and applying a cathode layer to the electrolyte layer with the particles within the defects.    USE - The method is used for producing electrolytic cell useful in oxygen concentrators to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing gas, e.g. air.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides defects to be filled in before the cathode deposition to prevent the cell from shorting.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of electrolytic cell involves:    (A) coating an electrolyte layer (12) of an intermediate sintered form (1) comprising the electrolyte layer supported by an anode layer (10) with a pre-coat layer containing electrically non-conductive particles (24) of less than one-tenth of a micron in size to fill in defects existing within the electrolyte layer;    (B) removing the pre-coat layer so that the electrically nonconductive particles remain within the defects of the electrolyte layer;    (C) applying a cathode layer (26) to the electrolyte layer with the electrically non-conductive particles in place within the defects; and    (D) firing the intermediate sintered form with the cathode layer applied to produce the electrolytic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a section of an electrolytic cell that has been prepared by the above method.    Sintered form (1)    Anode layer (10)    Electrolyte layer (12)    Particles (24)    Cathode layer (26)
NOVELTY - Producing a silicon substrate with a high-voidage surface layer comprises: (i) depositing a uniform metal coating on part(s) of the silicon substrate; (ii) etching the metal coated surface by immersing the coated silicon substrate in a treating solution containing hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid; (iii) recovering the silicon substrate from the treating solution after a time; and (iv) removing any part(s) other than the region where microgrooves are uniformly distributed.    USE - For producing a silicon substrate with a high-voidage surface layer used in a visible light-emitting device or used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The method is free from use of hydrogen fluoride. It enables the production of the surface with voidage high enough to define a quantum wire, without using aqueous hydrogen fluoride solutions. It is possible to replace porous surface with the surface while containing surface strength decrease to a minimum.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for silicon substrate comprising a surface layer with a high-voidage. The surface layer has etched microgrooves uniformly distributed in a planar direction. The microgrooves are formed by immersing the substrate with a uniformly deposited metal coating in a treating solution containing hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid for a time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows photographs of area where the microgroove structure.
NOVELTY - An electrochromic element (E1) in a colored state has a first, second and third average optical density in a wavelengths of 450 - 470, 540 - 560 and 630 - 650 nm respectively and has a fluctuation (difference of a maximum value and a minimum value of first to third average optical densities) of less than or equal to0.5 (preferably less than or equal to0.3).    USE - In an optical element and in optical density changing element which is useful in a photographic unit e.g. a film with lens (claimed). As a light regulating filter for a photographic purpose (e.g. camera unit). In a large- or medium-format camera, a single-lens reflex camera, a compact camera, a digital camera, a broadcasting camera, a movie film camera, a movie digital camera, for a cellular phone, or an 8 mm movie camera.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochromic material enables a preferred hue control and a quick response.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (A) an optical element comprising an electromotive force generating element capable of generating the electromotive force in response to an electromotive wave; and the electrochromic element driven by the electromotive force;    (B) an electrochromic element (E2) comprising a semiconductor material which is a nanoporous semiconductor material having a roughness factor of greater than or equal to20; and an electrochromic material on a surface of the semiconductor material. The electrochromic material comprises at least one of electrochromic material of formulae (I)-(III);    (C) an optical density changing element comprising at least one (E2);    (D) an optical element comprising an electromotive force generating element capable of generating the electromotive force in response to an electromagnetic wave; and the optical density changing element capable of changing its optical density by the electromotive force.
NOVELTY - Primary etching processing of silicon substrate containing single crystal or polycrystal is performed at surface using an aqueous solution of acid or alkali, and corrugation is formed at the surface of substrate. Secondary etching processing of substrate is further carried out by plasma etching, and fine corrugation is formed at the surface. Low reflective processing of silicon substrate is enabled.    USE - For low reflective processing of silicon substrate used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The low reflective processing of silicon substrate is efficiently, economically and stably enabled with high productivity. The fine corrugation is simply formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of electrode portion of dielectric barrier discharge device used for secondary etching processing.    dielectric barrier discharge device (13)    chamber (24)    reactive-gas supply port (26)    raising/lowering unit (30)    water cooled jacket (40)
NOVELTY - The IV group semiconductor (5) and a metal (6) is supplied with respect to the ultrathin oxide film (2) formed over the substrate (1), to form a fine crystal (3) of nanometer size on oxide film by vapor deposition. The metal is selected from a group consisting of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), rhenium (Re), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and iridium (Ir).    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor device for optical device such as LED, infrared sensor, solar cell, magnetic device and thermoelectric converter. Also for electroluminescent (EL) device.    ADVANTAGE - Enable formation of fine crystal of nanometer size with few impurities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the oxide film formation process on single crystal silicon substrate.    Substrate (1)    Substrate side oxide film (2)    Fine crystal (3)    IV group semiconductor (5)    Metal (6)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generation unit (18) includes air supply paths (8-10) for supplying cathode off gas for anode air bleeding, selective oxidation or for catalyst heating during shutdown of fuel cell (4) .    USE - For generating electric power using polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC).    ADVANTAGE - Enables stable driving over a long period of time, and also improves the electric power generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification reaction portion (1)    shift reaction portion (2)    fuel cell (4)    air supply paths (8-10)    hydrogen gas generation unit (18)
NOVELTY - The fuel modifier has proton electroconductive oxide (1) clamped between the gas-permeable anode (2) and hydrogen permeable cathode (3). A direct current (DC) circuit applies electric field between the anode and cathode, so that the cathode side generates ultra-high purity hydrogen gas, while supplying the mixed gas of crude hydrogen or hydrocarbon gas and oxygen and/or steam to anode side.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The power consumption is reduced. The need for transformer for removing pure hydrogen from the hydrocarbon is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel modification method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagrams of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    proton electroconductive oxide (1)    gas-permeable anode (2)    hydrogen permeable cathode (3)    porous metal (5)    paste film (80)
NOVELTY - The fuel reforming system has a modification unit (2) and a carbon dioxide separation unit (7). Unit (2) has raw material portion, modification portion (3) for producing hydrogen-rich reformed gas, hydrogen separation portion (6) for separating hydrogen in gas, and hydrogen portion (5). Unit (7) separates carbon dioxide in exhaust gas from portion (3). Hydrogen in hydrogen portion is scavenged using the separated carbon dioxide.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming system has reduced size and reduced energy loss.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reforming system has a modification unit (2) and a carbon dioxide separation unit (7). The modification unit has raw material portion, a modification portion (3), which produces hydrogen rich reformed gas with water, hydrogen separation portion (6) for separating hydrogen in reformed gas, and hydrogen portion (5) through which separated hydrogen passes. The carbon dioxide separation unit separates carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas ejected from modification portion. Hydrogen in hydrogen portion is scavenged using the separated carbon dioxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of structure of fuel reforming system.    evaporator (1)    modification unit (2)    modification portion (3)    hydrogen portion (5)    hydrogen separation portion (6)    carbon dioxide separation unit (7)    fuel cell (8)
NOVELTY - The system includes combustion catalyst channel (6) overlap from modification catalyst channel (7), which has combustion catalyst application area (16). The combustion catalyst channel is divided into multiple division channels (12i,12j) with identical channel shape.    USE - For generating hydrogen used for fuel cell system, by modification reaction.    ADVANTAGE - Equalizes temperature of combustion catalyst channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reforming system (5)    combustion catalyst channel (6)    modification catalyst channel (7)    multiple division channels (12i,12j)    combustion catalyst application area (16)
NOVELTY - The catalyst consists of alumina (a), an alkali-metal oxide (b) (about 2.5-10 mass%), a support (c) containing at least clay and/or clay mineral, and ruthenium (d) (0.5-5 mass%) supported on the support.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen from hydrocarbon (such as kerosene), used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of hydrogen is performed efficiently using the catalyst. The catalyst has high activity. Carbon deposition is suppressed effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacturing method of the catalyst. The method involves preparing a mixture containing alumina or its precursor, at least one type of alkali-metal oxide and its precursor, an alumina complex oxide support and ruthenium, performing alkali treatment, water-washing and drying. The alumina complex oxide support is obtained by baking a support raw material containing clay and/or clay mineral; and    (2) manufacturing method of hydrogen. The method involves reacting a hydrocarbon containing 90 mass% or more of fraction having boiling point of 130-350degreesC, with water vapor in the presence of the above catalyst.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen separation module (10) has a laminated structure (PL1) comprising thin plate-like hydrogen separation membrane units (100) joined by brazing or laser welding. The hydrogen separation membrane units include a positioning structure (SP1) extended in a direction orthogonal to the lamination direction of the hydrogen separation membrane units.    USE - Used for the production of a hydrogen separation membrane module for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen separation membrane units are joined effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a hydrogen separation membrane module;    (2) the production of a hydrogen separation membrane-type fuel cell; and    (3) a hydrogen separation membrane-type fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a hydrogen separation membrane module.    module (10)    hydrogen separation membrane units (100)    hydrogen separation membrane (120)    laminated structure (PL1)    positioning structure (SP1)
NOVELTY - The processing area (1a) formed in an ingot, is made as peeling surface, and a portion of ingot is peeled as a substrate (2). The substrate is peeled from reverse side of surface which is irradiated with laser light (5).    USE - For manufacturing substrate such as silicon substrate and thin glass substrate used for thin film transistor (TFT) panel and base material of thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thin substrate is obtained from ingot easily, at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for substrate manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the substrate manufacturing apparatus.    ingot (1)    processing area (1a)    substrate (2)    laser light (5)    condensing lens (6)
NOVELTY - Inverter (61) controls the motor (60) to drive the compressor (11) which is an ancillary equipment in heating apparatus (13). The heating apparatus heats one side of the air heating tube (83) and hydrogen heating tube (88), by the heat generated by the inverter.    USE - For fuel cell vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables heating the air and hydrogen tubes effectively, while reducing the power consumption of the fuel cell system. Also simplifies the structure of the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: the fuel cell vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    compressor (11)    heating apparatus (13)    motor (60)    inverter (61)    air heating tube (83)    hydrogen heating tube (88)
NOVELTY - An electrode structural unit (10) has a main unit (101) whose bottom surface (101b) is attached or detached to an cylindrical insulation unit (201) of another electrode structural unit (20). A waterproof ring (205) protects an electrical-signal extraction terminal (203) which is mounted to the insulation unit, from water leak.    USE - For electrochemical element e.g. electrochemical sensor and oxygen sensor, air battery e.g. zinc-air battery, aluminum-air battery and sugar-air battery, fuel cell e.g. alkaline cell, lithium cell, oxygen-hydrogen fuel cell and methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient measuring of electrochemical capability of substance by electrical-signal extraction terminal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) positive/negative electrode manufacturing method; and    (2) method to measure electrochemical capability of substance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the positive/negative electrode.    electrode structural units (10,20)    main unit (101)    bottom surface (101b)    electrical-signal extraction terminal (203)    waterproof ring (205)
NOVELTY - Solar cell comprises several laminated structures consisting of sequentially stacked photoelectrode (1), electrolyte layer (3) and counter electrode (2), which are arranged parallel to each other. A seal (5w) is formed between the adjacent laminated structures.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leakage of electrolyte liquid from the battery, by the provision of seal in the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    photoelectrode (1)    counter electrode (2)    electrolyte layer (3)    seals (4,5w)
NOVELTY - A thermoplastic resin composition contains thermoplastic resin (100 wt.pts), carbon fiber (0.01-250 wt.pts) and silane compound (0.02-10 wt.pts). The resin composition provides molded product having surface area of 1.53 cm2. The ion elution amount of molded product when immersed in pure water (80degreesC and 100 ml) for 500 hours is 10 mg/l or less.    USE - For molded products such as fuel cell vehicle-mounted components, semiconductor components, pump components, especially impeller and tank that is in contact with pure water.    ADVANTAGE - The thermoplastic resin composition has reduced ion elution amount in pure water. The molded product of thermoplastic resin composition has improved mechanical characteristics. Therefore, the molded product is favorably used in high-temperature environment.
NOVELTY - The proton conductor (11) has solid-acid film (17) containing a solid acid, formed in the hole (16a) of an inorganic base material-vinyl polymer composite porous material (16).    USE - For hydrogen sensor (claimed) used for detection of hydrogen gas in fuel gas of fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductor consumes less power, and has excellent durability. The hydrogen sensor equipped with proton conductor has simple structure and favorable proton conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of the proton conductor; and    (2) hydrogen sensor (10).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial expanded sectional view of hydrogen sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen sensor (10)    proton conductor (11)    electrode (12)    inorganic base-material-vinyl polymer composite porous material (16)    hole (16a)    solid acid film (17)
NOVELTY - Fluorine containing monomer has preset structure.    USE - For fluoropolymer used for surfactant for processing textile, carpet, stone, electrostatic filler, anti-dust mask, fuel cell, glass, paper, wood, leather, fur, asbestos, brick, cement, metal, its oxide, ceramic article, plastic, coating surface and plaster (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Surfactant formed using fluorine containing monomer has excellent water repellent property, oil repellent property and stain resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fluorine containing monomer has structure of formula (1).    X=H, methyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, CFX1X2, cyano, 1-20C linear or branched fluoro alkyl, (un)substituted benzyl or (un)substituted phenyl group;    X1,X2=H, fluorine or chlorine atom;    R1a-R10a=H, fluorine, chlorine, 1-14C alkyl optionally substituted by halogen atom or 1-21C fluoro alkyl group (Rf);    R11a=direct bond or 1-6C alkylene group optionally having branched chain;and    n=0-2.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fluoropolymer which has repeating unit derived from fluorine containing monomer (A) having norbornane or norbornane derivative group, and fluoro alkyl group;    (2) surfactant which comprises fluoropolymer and water and/or organic solvent;    (3) method for processing to-be-processed material using surfactant;    (4) textile processed by the surfactant; and    (5) carpet processed by the surfactant.
NOVELTY - A polyurethane has specific repeating unit (1).    USE - For optical film used for image display apparatus (claimed), such as liquid crystal display, plasma display, electroluminescent display, fluorescent display tube, flat panel display and light emitting diode used for mobile telephone, electronic notebook and laptop personal computer, and for solar cell and touch panel.    ADVANTAGE - The polyurethane provides optical film with excellent heat resistance, optical characteristics and dynamic characteristics. The image display apparatus formed using the optical film has excellent display quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polyurethane has a repeating unit of formula (1).    ring (b) and ring (c)=monocyclic ring or polycyclic ring, and ring (c) is connected with one quaternary carbon on ring (b);    L=bivalent coupling group;and    R1,R2=substituent, and R1 and R2 mutually connects and optionally forms a ring.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optical film, which consists of polyurethane;    (2) image display apparatus, which is formed using the optical film; and    (3) manufacture of polyurethane, which involves carrying out interfacial polycondensation using a quaternary ammonium salt or quaternary phosphonium salt.
NOVELTY - A device for control of starting applied to a fuel cell system (20), comprises a separator (10) of the sticking type, able to be firmly stuck on the cathodes (20A) of the fuel cell system or to be separated from the cathodes, and allowing a separation between the cathodes and ambient air in a firmly closed state, whilst allowing the ambient air to circulate around the cathodes in the separated state.    USE - The device is used for controlling the starting applied to a fuel cell system, able to allow operation of the fuel cell system to be interrupted easily or to continue its chemical reaction in the as a measure of the demand to provide electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a device that allows the easy interruption or continuation of the chemical reaction in the fuel cell as a function of the demand for electrical power. It provides a control method that efficient, rapid and economic in operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the control of the starting applied to a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is an elevation of the fuel cell system according to the invention, when the separator is opened from the cathodes.    Separator (10)    Fuel cell system (20)    Cathodes (20A)
NOVELTY - Production of porous semiconductor film on substrate, comprises preparing suspension of semiconductor particles in at least one liquid, in which semiconductor particles are not soluble; and applying the suspension on substrate by ink-jet-printing, thus forming a printed porous semiconductor film.    USE - For producing a porous semiconductor film on a substrate used for manufacturing an electronic device, particularly solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Produces an electronic device having a stability as reflected by its capability of surviving more than a thousand bending cycles without losing more than 15 % of its original power conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a suspension of semiconductor particles, comprising semiconductor particles and at least one liquid, in which the particles are not soluble, where the semiconductor particles have a size of 5-500 nm;    (b) a porous semiconductor film, produced by the method, preferably by use of a suspension of semiconductor particles; and    (c) an electronic device, comprising a porous semiconductor film.
NOVELTY - Porous semiconductor film is produced on substrate by preparing adhesive layer on first substrate, the adhesion layer capable of providing electrical and mechanical contact between porous semiconductor layer attached to adhesion layer; preparing porous semiconductor layer on second substrate; and transferring semiconductor layer on adhesion layer.    USE - Used in the production of porous semiconductor film on substrate for electronic device (claimed) e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Makes use of high temperature sintering processes in combination with flexible substrate, which, as such would not tolerate high temperature sintering processes. It provides plastic solar cell that can be produced in inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of porous semiconductor film on substrate involves preparing adhesion layer on first substrate, the adhesion layer capable of providing electrical and mechanical contact between porous semiconductor layer attached to adhesion layer; preparing porous semiconductor layer on second substrate; and transferring semiconductor layer on adhesion layer. The method optionally includes preparing second, third, fourth, fifth, and n-th porous semiconductor layer on a third, fourth, fifth, n-th, and (n+1)-th substrate; and transferring the second, third, fourth, fifth, and n-th porous semiconductor layers on first, second, third, fourth, and (n-1)-th porous semiconductor layers, respectively. It optionally includes preparing on the semiconductor layers, further adhesion layers onto which the respective subsequent semiconductor layer is transferred.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the cell.
NOVELTY - A curable composition comprises a (meth)acrylic acid ester (A) of a compound having at least two hydroxy groups in one molecule and containing no aromatic hydrocarbon structure. The composition comprises an ether compound (greater than or equal to 5 wt.%) and sulfonic acid and/or its ester (less than or equal to 100 ppm terms of sulfur atom content).    USE - For optical parts and for use with a light source having an emission wavelength distribution extending from a short wavelength region of visible light to an ultraviolet region (claimed), in outdoors where they are directly exposed to sunlight, such as solar cells and outdoor electric bulletin boards, and light-emitting diodes, optical cables, and displays.    ADVANTAGE - The composition is transparent and hardly causes coloration, denaturation, and deterioration, even due to light from a light source having an emission wavelength distribution extending from the short wavelength region of visible light to the ultraviolet region. The composition has excellent dimensional stability, light and heat resistance, surface hardness, formability, and water resistance of its cured product.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A curable composition comprises a (meth)acrylic acid ester (A) of a compound having at least two hydroxy groups in one molecule and containing no aromatic hydrocarbon structure. The composition comprises an ether structure of formula -(O-CH2-CHR1)n- (I) (greater than or equal to 5 wt.%) and sulfonic acid and/or its ester (less than or equal to 100 ppm terms of sulfur atom content).    n = 1 - 100;    R1 = H, methyl or ethyl.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) comprises an anode (12a); a cathode (14a); an electrolyte (16) comprising a solid acid; and a reforming catalyst (18) positioned adjacent the anode.    USE - The fuel cell is used for converting chemical energy of such alcohols into electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell shows increased power density and cell voltage relative to direct alcohol fuel cells not using an internal reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the operation of a fuel cell, comprising providing an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, a reforming catalyst positioned adjacent the anode, and a fuel; and operating the fuel cell at 100-500degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view depicting a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (10)    First and second current collector/gas diffusion layer (12, 14)    Anode (12a)    Cathode (14a)    Electrolyte (16)    Reforming catalyst (18)
NOVELTY - A reactor vessel (12) contains a supply of a metal composite reactant material. Water is selectively supplied to the reactant material in the vessel to produce a hydrolytic reaction. A buffer storage unit (26a) receives hydrogen from the vessel at a higher pressure and releases hydrogen to an user device such as a fuel cell at a lower pressure.    USE - For generating hydrogen for use in fuel cell used to generate electric power for use in portable electrical and electronic devices, vehicles and non-portable installations such as emergency and household power supply installation in remote locations, and for use in other hydrogen-driven devices such as catalytic combustion devices or internal combustion engines.    ADVANTAGE - Provides the safe, environmentally friendly system for on-demand supply of pure hydrogen within parameters that meet the requirements of fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of supplying hydrogen to fuel cell having preset maximum allowable supply pressure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen generation and supply system.    hydrogen generation and supply system (10)    reactor vessel (12)    valve (20)    buffer storage units (26a,26b)
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises rhodium supported on a carrier containing alumina, ceria, and baria and/or magnesia.    USE - For steam reforming of hydrocarbon compound for producing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell system (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is excellent in resistance with respect to purge operation over long period of time. The hydrogen production apparatus using the catalyst has excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) steam reforming method, which involves manufacturing mixed gas which contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen from raw material mixture having a hydrocarbon compound and steam, using above catalyst;    (2) hydrogen production apparatus, which has a reformation portion in which steam modification of hydrocarbon compound is carried out, using the above catalyst; and    (3) fuel cell system, which uses hydrogen manufactured by the above method as fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    water tank (1)    water pump (2)    fuel tank (3)    fuel feed pump (4)    desulfurizer (5)
NOVELTY - A solar cell is fabricated by forming a silicon germanium crystalline layer containing germanium at a substrate; treating the silicon germanium crystalline layer to form protrusions at the surface; doping a first type impurity at the surface where the protrusions are formed; and further forming a silicon crystalline layer doped with a second type impurity on the surface where the first type impurity is doped.    USE - For fabricating a solar cell for a semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a solar cell that increases the surface area of light receiving portions and efficiently converts light. It prevents the separation of protrusions and resulting particle generation caused by disjunction between the protrusion and the bottom electrode. It prevents electrical shorts between neighboring conductive structures caused by conventional hemispherical grain. It provides a semiconductor device having a higher capacitance because of increased electrode area. It prevents protrusions formed at the bottom electrode surface from becoming disjoined.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a semiconductor memory device comprising a capacitor including a capacitor bottom electrode formed of silicon germanium crystalline, the capacitor bottom electrode having a non-planar surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a graph that represents a dual layer of a silicon germanium and silicon crystalline analyzed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy.
NOVELTY - A reforming apparatus (100) comprises reactor (140) comprising a catalyst bed (148). The catalyst bed comprises reforming catalyst for converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a reformate comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide fixing material for fixing within the catalyst bed at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the reformate to provide an intermediate reformate.    USE - The reforming apparatus is used for generating a hydrogen-rich reformate (142) by reacting a hydrocarbon fuel in a catalyst bed; removing hydrogen from the intermediate reformate by flowing the intermediate reformate through a first purification bed comprising a hydrogen fixing material to produce a hydrogen-depleted gas and fixed hydrogen; and releasing the fixed hydrogen from the first purification bed to produce a hydrogen-rich gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invented apparatus provides a highly pure hydrogen reformate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reforming apparatus comprises reactor comprising a catalyst bed. The catalyst bed comprises reforming catalyst for converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a reformate comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and a carbon dioxide fixing material for fixing within the catalyst bed at least a portion of the carbon dioxide in the reformate to provide an intermediate reformate. A first purification bed (160) is in fluid communication with the reactor for receiving the intermediate reformate. It comprises hydrogen fixing material for fixing a portion of the hydrogen in the reformate to provide a hydrogen depleted gas and fixed hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of an apparatus.    Apparatus (100)    Reactor (140)    Hydrogen-rich reformate (142)    Catalyst bed (148)    Purification bed (160)    Heat (180)
NOVELTY - A device comprises two electrodes with a photoactive region (R1) disposed between them. (R1) comprises organic layer (L1) containing mixture of organic acceptor material (A1) and donor material (A2), and a second organic layer (L2) in direct contact with (L1), where (L2) comprises an unmixed layer of (A1) or (A2). (L1) has thickness not greater than 0.8 characteristic charge transport lengths and (L2) has thickness not less than 0.1 optical absorption lengths.    USE - As solar cell (preferably tandem solar cell) and photodetector (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The device has a power efficiency of greater than or equal to2 (preferably greater than or equal to5)%. The device allows low cost solar or ambient energy conversion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for devices.
NOVELTY - The system comprises a fuel cell stack (38) whose output is monitored to detect any increase or decrease. An air supply amount to the fuel cell stack is made to increase or decrease based on the monitored output.    USE - Fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - High efficiency power generation is ensured by tracking load fluctuation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for control method of fuel cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    desulfurizer (2)    modifier (3)    blower for air supply (12)    condenser (29)    fuel cell stack (38)
NOVELTY - The fuel reforming system has reformation unit (1) for reforming raw material to hydrogen-rich reformed gas by steam and oxidizing agent, carbon monoxide decreasing unit(s) (2,3) for reducing carbon monoxide in the modified reformed gas, cooling unit for cooling the brake portion (10) which damps a vehicle, with water, and hot water retention unit (5) for storing the water heated by the brake portion.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming system enables quick reformation, with suppressed consumption of energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reforming system has reformation unit for reforming raw material to hydrogen-rich reformed gas by steam and oxidizing agent, carbon monoxide decreasing unit(s) for reducing carbon monoxide in the modified reformed gas, cooling unit for cooling the brake portion which damps a vehicle, with water, and hot water retention unit for storing the water heated by the brake portion. The carbon monoxide decreasing unit is provided at the downstream of the reformation unit. The hot water retention unit is connected to the cooling unit. The steam in the hot water retention unit is supplied to the reformation unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformation unit (1)    carbon monoxide decreasing units (2,3)    hot water retention unit (5)    brake portion (10)
NOVELTY - The system (100) has a fuel cell (1) that obtains an electrical energy using an electrolyte film (2) among an anode side reaction chamber (31) and a cathode side reaction chamber (41). A fuel storage unit (101) and a water storage unit (102) store the fuel and water supplied to the fuel cell. A connection piping (108) is provided to connect the anode side reaction chamber and the water storage unit.    USE - For generating electric power using a fuel such as methanol and water for dilution of the fuel.    ADVANTAGE - A miniaturization in size and a weight reduction are promoted by enabling the recycling of water and suppressing the total amount of water requirement to the minimum.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for equipment with fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Electrolyte film (2)    Anode side reaction chamber (31)    Cathode side reaction chamber (41)    Fuel cell system (100)    Methanol storage tank (101)    Water storage tank (102)
NOVELTY - Carbon electrode (8) contains a metallic element. The content of metallic element having particles with particle size of 5 nm or more when observed by transmission electron microscope is 5 atomic% or more with respect to carbon.    USE - For carbon-electrode material and dye-sensitized solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The carbon electrode has excellent durability, and suppresses production defect like floating of carbon powder, peeling and crack of carbon electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metallic element is titanium, tin and/or zinc. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) carbon-electrode material;    (b) manufacture of the carbon electrode; and    (c) dye-sensitized solar cell (100).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional drawing of the dye-sensitized solar cell.    transparent electrode (1)    semiconductor electrode (2)    transparent electrically conductive film (3)    carbon electrode (8)    dye-sensitized solar cell (100)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen cartridge (1) comprises a modifier (10) to generate hydrogen from liquid fuel e.g. sodium borohydride aqueous solution stored in a fuel tank (20). The generated hydrogen is stored temporarily in hydrogen chamber (50) and is discharged outside by a hydrogen supply valve (60). The fuel tank, modifier, hydrogen chamber and the hydrogen supply valve are accommodated in a case (70).    USE - For apparatus (claimed) such as fuel cell, gas turbine, cassette stove and portable burner.    ADVANTAGE - High capacity hydrogen can be accommodated. Since hydrogen is not stored in gaseous state, high pressure resistance is not required and the structure of the hydrogen cartridge is simplified. Since hydrogen occlusion alloy is not used for storage of hydrogen, the weight of the hydrogen cartridge is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus equipped with hydrogen cartridge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the hydrogen cartridge.    hydrogen cartridge (1)    modifier (10)    fuel tank (20)    hydrogen chamber (50)    hydrogen supply valve (60)    case (70)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a catalyst retainer (4) that is immersed in a hydrogen liquid fuel (7), so that the catalyst (5) contacts the hydrogen liquid fuel. A detector (10) detects the amount of hydrogen generated by the reaction of liquid fuel and catalyst. A controller controls the immersion amount of the catalyst retainer according to the detection result.    USE - Hydrogen modifier.    ADVANTAGE - The generation amount of the hydrogen, is controlled accurately by the hydrogen modifier of small size.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen modifier (1)    catalyst retainer (4)    catalyst (5)    hydrogen liquid fuel (7)    detector (10)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a chamber that is filled with hydrocarbon gas and provided with a discharge electrode (42). The pulse voltage is applied to the discharge electrode, such that hydrogen bond between the hydrocarbon and carbon, is cut and decomposed into simple substance of carbon and hydrogen.    USE - The generated hydrogen is used as a fuel, e.g. for a fuel cell, or burnt directly to produce heat. The carbon generated can be used to produce carbon nanotubes.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced without carbon dioxide impurity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrocarbon-degradation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the hydrocarbon-degradation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    discharge electrode (42)    anode (44)
NOVELTY - One portion of toluene ejected from a catalytic reactor (11) is supplied to a gas supply source (23) and used as fuel, when a three way valve (16) is switched to a path (92) connected to the gas supply source.    USE - For producing hydrogen for fuel cell mounted to motor vehicle, fuel cell vehicle and vehicle using hydrogen fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Saves energy. Simplifies the structure of hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen production apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalytic reactor (11)    three way valve (16)    gas supply source (23)    hydrogen supply path (92)    controller (100)
NOVELTY - The forbidden bandwidth is controlled by adding alkaline earth metal other than barium (Ba) (2) such as strontium (Sr) (6), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) to barium silicide (BaSi2) in a barium silicide thin film (3).    USE - For electronic device on solar cell and silicon (Si) substrate and for semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Enables control of forbidden bandwidth in vicinity of 1.4 eV using material epitaxially grown on Si material by adding alkaline earth metal other than barium to barium silicide thin film. Enables increase in optical absorption coefficient to obtain mixed crystal semiconductor thin film stably and efficiently, and provide cheap solar cell material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for mixed crystal semiconductor thin film manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the mixed crystal semiconductor thin film using the alkaline earth metal during manufacture.    Silicon substrate (1)    Barium (2,4)    Barium silicide thin film (3)    Silicon (5)    Strontium (6)    Barium strontium silicide thin film (7)
NOVELTY - The anode (15) has electrode layer comprising lead (Pd), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) that satisfies the formula (PdxPtyMiz)uZnSe, such that u,x,y,z are real numbers and u is in between 4-6, and x,y,z are between 0-1 and satisfy the equation x+y+z=1.    USE - For use in semiconductor element (claimed) such as light emitting diode, photodiode, diode, laser diode, solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Anode with excellent stability for long period of time is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a semiconductor element.    substrate (11)    electrode (12)    N type semiconductor (13)    P type semiconductor (14)    anode (15)
NOVELTY - The start-up photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltage element is reduced by reducing the diode leakage current by 2-9%.    USE - For solar energy power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency after photodegradation of the photovoltaic element using amorphous silicon. A photovoltaic element with high withstand voltage and reliability is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of the stacked photovoltaic element.    ITO (61)    Top cell (62)    Middle cell (63)    Bottom cell (64)    Substrate (65)    Load (66)
NOVELTY - The distance between the surface of ingot (7) mounted on an inclination stage (12) and condensing lens (6) is increased in steps and the ingot is scanned with laser radiation by moving X-stage (9) and Y-stage (10) along respective directions to form processing regions (8) inside the ingot.    USE - For manufacturing substrate such as silicon substrate used in integrated circuit (IC) and silicon solar cell. Also for manufacture of glass substrate used in liquid crystal display (LCD) and thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables manufacture of substrate in a short period of time without the formation of scraps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for substrate manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the substrate manufacturing apparatus.    Condensing lens (6)    Ingot (7)    Processing regions (8)    X-stage (9)    Y-stage (10)    Inclination stage (12)
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon wafer (1) and a counter electrode (2) are immersed in a solution (5) in which microparticles (6) for etching are mixed, stored in a treatment tank (4). A power supply (7) applies positive and negative pulses alternately to the wafer and counter electrode.    USE - For processing substrate used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Decreases time and cost required for processing substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for substrate processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the substrate processing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    wafer (1)    counter electrode (2)    treatment tank (4)    solution (5)    microparticles (6)    power supply (7)
NOVELTY - Video camera has a display to show the amount of fuel used in the fuel cell and the amount of current generated by the fuel cell. The data can be processed to show the amount of available time left before he fuel cartridge need changing.    USE - Video camera powered with fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The user can know the up-time of camera easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) up-time display method;    (2) up-timer display program; and    (3) storage medium storing up-time display program.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the screen displaying residual amount of electrical charge in battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Display frames (301-305)    Fuel residual amount display icon (311)    Fuel cell operation status display icon (312)    Secondary battery residual amount display icon (313)    Up-time display icon (314)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a gas-liquid mixing portion (4) in which a liquefied gas (1) is dissolved in water (20) through a hollow fiber membrane (5) to obtain an aqueous solution (21). The obtained aqueous solution is used as fuel.    USE - As electric power generating system for mobile machine.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has high output characteristics and energy density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a gas-liquid mixing portion of fuel cell.    Liquefied gas (1)    Container (2)    Regulator (3)    Gas-liquid mixing portion (4)    Hollow fiber membrane (5)    Water (20)    Aqueous solution (21)
NOVELTY - Organic semiconductor element has two or more electrodes opposing on a substrate (1) and organic layer(s) arranged between two electrodes (2,5). The organic layer and/or electrode is formed by wet forming method. A protective layer having charge transportability and solvent, and/or gas barrier property is provided at organic layer and/or substrate side electrode.    USE - For e.g. solar cell and transistor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Organic semiconductor element has favorable element characteristics and high utilization efficiency of material. The element is formed by simple and economical method, and deterioration is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the organic semiconductor element.    substrate (1)    electrodes (2,5)    light emission unit (3)    intermediate layer (4)
NOVELTY - The heat exchanger (20) comprises parallely arranged flat tubes (21). A tank (22) is connected with both ends of each tube by brazing. The inner wall face of tube and tank which contacts fuel or cathode exhaust gas, is coated with resin.    USE - For cooling cathode exhaust gas or fuel of anode circuit of direct methanol type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prolongs life time of heat exchanger, since corrosion of metal board used for formation of tube and tank is prevented by resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of a heat exchanger.    heat exchanger (20)    tube (21)    tank (22)    fin (23)    tube plate (24)
NOVELTY - An arrangement of fuel cells has the following characteristics : (A) the first fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating in a temperature range of 60-110oC; (B) the second fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating in a temperature range of 700-1,000oC; (C) the secondary fuel cell incorporates an electrode assuring oxidation of the carbon monoxide more rapidly than that of hydrogen; and (D) the purification device is connected to the first and second fuel cells.    USE - The arrangement of fuel cells is for use in a motor vehicle (claimed) as an auxiliary power unit (APU) that is self supplying during starting and transition phases of operation.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an arrangement of fuel cells with an improved yield and a reduced space requirement. In effect, since the power densities of each fuel cell technology are comparable the volume of the fuel cell is conserved and the compactness of the cooling system and the reformer is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the arrangement of fuel cells.    Reformer (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Second fuel cell (4)    Purification device (5)    Cooling system (6)    Anode (7)    Cathode (8)    First fuel cell (9)    Burner (10)    Air feed device (11)    Radiators (12, 13)    Fuel (14)    Pipe work (15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26)    Gas mixture from reformer (18)    Gas mixture with lower CO (19)    Gas mixture with less than 100 ppm of CO (23)
NOVELTY - A polymer optoelectronic device comprises at least a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, an active polymer layer, a back electrode layer and a substrate layer. The TCO layer has a controlled surface structure having X-value of 10 - 500 (preferably 30 - 100) nm and Y-value of 15 - 1000 (preferably 100 - 500) nm. The X-value is an average value of the height of the peaks on the surface, and the Y-value is an average peak to peak distance on the surface.    USE - As organic solar cell or organic light-emitting diode (OLED).    ADVANTAGE - The transparent conductive oxide layer constitutes very effective carrier layer, which improves the efficiency of the active polymer layer and protects the active layer against water and oxygen. The polymer optoelectronic device is flexible, cheaper to make and displays an improved efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer optoelectronic device optionally comprises a conducting polymer layer applied onto the transparent conductive oxide layer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for preparing the polymer optoelectronic device involving applying the transparent conductive oxide layer on a removable substrate layer or transparent layer(s) previously applied onto the removable substrate layer by a chemical vapor deposition process.
NOVELTY - Metal substrate comprises a layer of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The molybdenum or molybdenum alloy layer is pore free.    USE - For photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The metal substrate is cheap and easy to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (I) a metal strip for making metal substrate, comprising a pore-free molybdenum or molybdenum alloy layer applied by PVD process;    (II) a photovoltaic solar cell comprising the above metal substrate produced from a metal strip; and    (III) production of metal strip by applying a layer of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy on metal strip by PVD process, and performing a method step so that the layer of molybdenum or molybdenum alloy becomes pore free.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon oil has flash point of 40degreesC or more, sulfur content of 0.3 mass ppm or less, aromatic content of 20 vol.% or less, naphthene content of 20-50 vol.%, initial boiling point of 150-210degreesC, 90% running point of 250-255degreesC, 10-30 mass% of 13C components and peroxide value of 2 mg/kg or less after storing for 13 weeks at 43degreesC.    USE - Used in hydrogen production system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon oil has reduced coke deposition amount on the modification catalyst and reduced reforming efficiency deterioration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production system which contains desulfurizer and modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of steam-reforming type modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon oil (2) has flash point of 40degreesC or more, initial boiling point of 145-195degreesC, 95 vol.% distillation temperature of 220degreesC or more, Saybolt color of +25 or more, copper strip corrosion of 1 or less, sulfur content of 0.5 mass ppm or less, and 13C hydrocarbon component ratio of 25 mass% or less. Molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon in the hydrocarbon oil is 1.95 or more.    USE - As fuel for burner used as heat source of hydrogen production system for fuel cell and hydrogen fueled engine.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon oil is reformed at relatively low temperature, and enables reduction of load to the burner and decrease of nitrogen oxide discharge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrocarbon oil has flash point of 40degreesC or more, initial boiling point of 145-195degreesC, 95 vol.% distillation temperature of 220degreesC or more, Saybolt color of +25 or more, copper strip corrosion of 1 or less, sulfur content of 0.5 mass ppm or less, and 13C hydrocarbon component ratio of 25 mass% or less. Molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon in the hydrocarbon oil is 1.95 or more. The oil is used for producing hydrogen in hydrogen production system using burner as heat source.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of steam reforming type modifier used for producing hydrogen. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    water (1)    hydrocarbon oil (2)    desulfurizer (3)    steam generator (4)    hydrocarbon oil preheater (5)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen producing device (10) comprises fuel pole (12) and oxidation pole (14) provided at respective sides of diaphragm (11). A supply mechanism (16) supplies fuel containing organic matters and water to fuel pole. A supply mechanism (17) supplies oxidizer to the oxidizing pole. A producing unit produces and retrieves the hydrogen-containing gas from the fuel-pole side.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to hydrogen storage tank in fuel cell electric vehicle and fuel cell car.    ADVANTAGE - Capable of producing hydrogen-containing gas at low temperature and requiring no large electric energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen producing device (10)    diaphragm (11)    fuel pole (!2)    oxidation pole (14)    supply mechanisms (16,17)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generation unit (10) generates hydrogen by decomposing fuel containing organic matter. The unit has a fuel pole (12) and oxidizing pole (14) provided on the respective surfaces of a diaphragm (11). The supply pumps (16,17) supply the fuel and oxidizer to the fuel and oxidizing poles so that hydrogen is generated and retrieved from the generation unit.    USE - E.g. electric car, forklift truck, golf cart, wheel chair, sight seeing vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen can be easily supplied to the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The voltage applied between the oxidizing and fuel poles is in the range of 200-1000mv and the oxidizer concentration is adjusted to adjust the hydrogen generation quantity. The operating temperature of the fuel cell having the hydrogen generation unit with the poles is in the range of 30-100degreesC. The organic matter in the fuel cell is selected from alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ether and the oxidizer is air, gas containing oxygen, and liquid containing hydrogen peroxide. The diaphragm is proton electroconductive solid electrolyte film and the fuel electrode catalyst is platinum.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell and hydrogen generation unit of the vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generation unit (10)    diaphragm (11)    fuel pole (12)    oxidizing pole (14)    supply pumps (16,17)
NOVELTY - A catalyst contains noble metal catalyst chosen from ruthenium, platinum, rhodium and palladium, carried on an oxide carrier comprising oxides of cobalt and zirconium. The catalyst removes carbon monoxide by methanation reaction.    USE - For carbon monoxide removal apparatus (claimed) used for removing carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen fuel by methanation reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst exhibits higher catalytic activity at low reaction temperature. The catalyst advances carbon monoxide shift reaction and effectively removes carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) manufacture of catalyst for removing carbon monoxide; and    (2) carbon monoxide removal apparatus.
NOVELTY - An ionic liquid type functional material comprises aromatic compound having fluoroether chain (1).    USE - For use as lubricant, acid remover, ionic liquid materials, electrolytes for solar cells and actuator material.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic liquid type functional material comprising fluorine compound has low viscosity and is excellent in heat resistance and oxidation resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ionic liquid type functional material comprises aromatic compound having fluoroether chain and is represented by formula (1):    (Ra-D-)m-Ry (1)    -D- = fluoroether unit such as -(-O-R-)n- or -(-R-O-)n- (formula 1-1);    R = 1-5C divalent fluoroalkylene in each of which at least one of hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atom;    n = 1-20;    Ra = 1-20C monovalent organic group not containing D;    m = 1-4; and    Ry = 2-30C mono- to tetra-valent organic group having basic functional group (Y1) and salt (Y2) of basic functional group and having aromatic cyclic structure    provided that formulae (1) or (1-1) does not include -O-O- unit.
NOVELTY - A carbon-supported platinum catalyst (C1) is obtained by chemical reduction of platinum dioxide on carbon support.    USE - As a carbon-supported platinum catalyst e.g. platinum black catalyst useful in gas-diffusion electrode and catalyst-coated membrane (claimed) for electrochemical applications.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has small and uniform particle size of platinum oxide and contains high active area. In the case of (C1), the particles are adsorbed very quickly on the support, avoiding agglomeration, which lead to uncontrolled particle growth.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a gas-diffusion electrode comprises an electrically conductive web, optionally a carbon woven or non-woven cloth or a carbon paper and (C1);    (2) a catalyst-coated membrane comprising (C1) incorporated in an ion-exchange membrane; and    (3) production (P1) of platinum black catalyst involving chemically reducing platinum dioxide obtained by conversion of dihydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate precursor.
NOVELTY - Photocatalytic conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon, e.g. methanol, into hydrogen includes forming a suspension of oxygenated hydrocarbon and metal-oxide semiconductor catalyst, and irradiating the suspension with laser radiation of 180-520 nm at less than 70degreesC to generate high yield of hydrogen.    USE - For photocatalytically converting oxygenated hydrocarbon, e.g. methanol, ethanol, or propanol, into hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method eliminates the need for difficult to prepare catalyst such as K4Nb6O17, and avoids formation of explosive oxygen-containing mixture. It is more efficient than the process of US5865960.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for producing hydrogen from an oxygenated hydrocarbon using a laser photocatalytic process, comprising a closed cell including inner and outer portions with a window for receiving a mass of oxygenated hydrocarbon liquid and metal oxide semiconductor catalyst in powder form, a magnetic stirrer disposed in the inner portion, a mechanism for activating the magnetic stirrer disposed outside of the cell to form a colloidal suspension of the semiconductor powder in the liquid oxygenated hydrocarbon, a laser and an optically aligned mechanism for directing light from the laser through the window to generate hydrogen, and a mechanism for removing hydrogen from the cell.
NOVELTY - A methanation assembly comprises a reactor assembly including methanation reactors for methanating gas input to the assembly, and a gas delivery and cooling assembly for delivering gas (e.g. syngas) from a gas supply to each methanation reactor and for combining water from a water supply with the output of each methanation reactor that is conveyed to a next methanation reactor and for carrying the mixture to such next methanation reactor.    USE - The assembly is used for methanation of gases, e.g. synthesis gas. It is suitable for use with a water supply and a gas supply containing gas to be methanated.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive methanation assembly has improved temperature control, producing gas having desired temperature and methane composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus comprising the above methanation assembly for use with a water supply and a gas supply containing gas to be methanated, and a fuel cell system for receiving the output of the methanation assembly.
NOVELTY - A device comprises two electrodes; a photoactive region disposed between the two electrodes. The photoactive region further comprises a first organic layer comprising a mixture of an organic acceptor material and an organic donor material; and a second organic layer in direct contact with the first organic layer. The second organic layer comprises an unmixed layer of the organic acceptor material or the organic donor material of the first organic layer.    USE - In a tandem solar cell, a solar cell or a photodetector (claimed). Also in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), organic transistors/phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a power efficiency of greater than or equal to 2 (preferably greater than or equal to 5)% and is efficient organic photosensitive devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A device comprises two electrodes; a photoactive region disposed between the two electrodes. The photoactive region further comprises a first organic layer comprising a mixture of an organic acceptor material and an organic donor material; and a second organic layer in direct contact with the first organic layer. The first organic layer has a thickness of not greater than 0.8 (preferably not greater than 0.3) characteristic transport lengths. The second organic layer comprises an unmixed layer of the organic acceptor material or the organic donor material of the first organic layer. The second organic layer has a thickness of not less than 0.1 (preferably not less than 0.2) optical absorption lengths.
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module (1) comprises at least one or several solar cells (20) and at least one electrically conducting board (40) positioned between a substrate (5) and a backing sheet (10), where the conducting board is electrically connected to the at least one solar cell.    USE - For converting sunlight into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The electronic device provides the photovoltaic module with an enhanced function or enhanced operating capability. The thin electrically conducting board is manufactured of materials and installed in the photovoltaic module so that it forms an aesthetically appealing strip or banner in the module visible through the first substrate plate. The solar cell circuit comprises forward by-pass diodes will allow the current that would otherwise pass through the circuit of electrically connected solar cells in the module to by pass the solar cell circuit and prevent damage to the shaded, reverse biased solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for making the photovoltaic module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a photovoltaic module comprising a thin, electrically conducting board.    photovoltaic module (1)    substrate (5)    backing sheet (10)    solar cell (20)    electrically conducting board. (40)
NOVELTY - An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device (100) comprises an anode (115); active region comprising a cyclometallated organometallic material; and cathode (140). The device produces a photogenerated current when illuminated with light.    USE - The organic photosensitive optoelectronic device is used as photovoltaic device e.g. organic solar cells, photodetector, photoconductor, or multiple subcells in series (claimed). It is used to generate usable electrical current, or to detect incident electromagnetic radiation.    ADVANTAGE - By using organometallic material in the photoactive region, the device may efficiently utilize triplet excitons. The organic photovoltaic device has improved photovoltaic performance, and is capable of operating with a high external quantum efficiency. The organic photosensitive optoelectronic device has improved absorption of incident radiation for more efficient photogeneration of charge carriers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows organic PV device.    Optoelectronic device (100)    Anode (115)    Donor layer (125)    Blocking layer (135)    Cathode (140)
NOVELTY - Production of metal particles or mixed metal particles dispersed on a particulate substrate (S1) involves exposing an organometallic (I) and (S1) to a supercritical or near supercritical fluid to form a mixture; allowing the mixture to remain in contact with (S1) to deposit dispersed (I) onto (S1); venting the mixture, thus adsorbing (I) onto (S1); and reducing the dispersed (I) to dispersed metal particles with a reducing agent.    USE - For producing the articulate substrate-supported dispersed metallic articles useful as supported particulate catalyst suitable for use in a catalytic fuel cell with a controlled catalyst particle size (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The particle size of the metal can be controlled, which is highly desirable in catalytic synthesis or applications such as fuel cells, refineries, hydrogenation. The mixed metal particles can be prepared, which can be simultaneously deposited allowing direct alloying. Unlike prior art method, the method does not require the use of several types of reagents and produces products with higher purity. The method also reduces the number of steps for the fabrication, which increases the commercial viability and purity of the final products; and provide 100% yield of the metal, thus avoiding recovery and recycling issues associated with traditional wet chemical methods.
NOVELTY - Aqueous dispersion comprises water, a polydioxythiophene, a colloid-forming polymeric acid, and a water-miscible organic liquid. The weight ratio of organic liquid to total polymer is greater than or equal to0.1.    USE - For use in organic electronic device, e.g. light emitting diode, light emitting diode display, diode laser, photoconductive cell, photosensor, photoresistor, photoswitch, phototransistor, phototube, infrared detector, photovoltaic device, solar cell, transistor, diode, memory storage device, electrochromic display, electromagnetic shielding device, and biosensor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive aqueous dispersion provides good processability and increased conductivity. It provides high device efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) method for producing an aqueous dispersion comprising providing a aqueous mixture of water and dioxythiophene monomer(s), an aqueous dispersion of polymeric acid(s), combining the dioxythiophene mixture with the aqueous dispersion of colloid-forming polymeric acid, combining a oxidizing agent and a catalyst with the aqueous dispersion of the colloid-forming polymeric acid before or after the combining of step, to form an aqueous dispersion of polydioxythiophene and polymeric acid colloids, and adding a water-miscible organic liquid; and    (2) organic electronic device comprising layer(s) made from a composition comprising water, polydioxythiophene, colloid-forming polymeric acid, and water-miscible organic liquid.
NOVELTY - Removing catalyst fines (C1) from a reactor effluent stream (S1) withdrawn from oxygenate conversion reactor (A) involves exposing hydrocarbon stream to a catalyst within (A) to produce (S1) containing (C1); passing (S1) to a filtration means to remove (C1); sending (C1) to a collector; and sending catalyst fines from the collector to (A) or discarding.    USE - For removing catalyst fines from reactor effluent stream withdrawn from oxygenate conversion reactor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process effectively reduces the loss of expensive catalyst in the product effluent stream of the fluidized oxygenate conversion zone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a catalyst conservation system comprising (A) having at least one outlet in fluid communication with the reactor for passage of a reactor effluent; a reactor effluent filtration means to remove catalyst particles from the reactor effluent; a subsystem to return a portion of the catalyst particles to (A); and a subsystem to remove a second portion of the catalyst particles for purposes of disposal.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte film (100) with oxygen and proton conductivity, has electrolyte layer (110) and hydrogen isolation layer (120) with through hole (126) for exposing the electrolyte layer to hydrogen pole. When the oxygen ion reaches the film joint surface during the film formation process, the oxygen reacts with the hydrogen in exposed region (110h) to form water.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents peeling of the electrolyte film at high temperature during the fuel cell operation by simple process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the electrolyte film of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolyte film (100)    Electrolyte layer (110)    Exposed region (110h)    Hydrogen isolation layer (120)    Through hole (126)
NOVELTY - An electronic control unit (ECU) (74) controls compressor (52) in air supply apparatus (50) to supply air above amount required for combustion catalyst (16) for burning waste gas from pressure swing adsorption (PSA) apparatus (26). The ECU controls valves (57,58) and supply pressure control regulator (59) to change air quantity supplied to catalyst in synchronization with fluctuation of waste gas amount from PSA apparatus.    USE - E.g. domestic hydrogen production system for producing hydrogen-rich fuel gas for supply to fuel cell in fuel cell electric vehicle, by reforming hydrogen-containing fuel e.g. hydrocarbon fuel such as natural gas, town gas and methanol.    ADVANTAGE - Since the air quantity supplied to combustion catalyst is changed in synchronization with fluctuation of waste gas amount, the reduction in temperature of the catalyst by increase in supplied air amount relative to waste gas supply amount, is prevented using simple structure without waste gas tank. Hence non-combusted component is not ejected outside directly and pure waste gas is obtained reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation method of hydrogen production system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the domestic hydrogen production system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    combustion catalyst (14)    evaporator (16)    PSA apparatus (26)    air supply apparatus (50)    air compressor (52)    pressure control valves (57,58)    supply pressure control regulator (59)    ECU (74)
NOVELTY - A temperature-rise evaporator mixer raises in temperature and mixes fuel gas with water vapor. A pre-reformer (114) reforms mixed gas to preliminary reformed gas. A modifier reforms preliminary reformed gas to reformed gas. A solid-acid compound fuel cell generates power using reformed gas. A combustion unit burns reformed gas not used in cell. The combustion gas is passed through surroundings of mixer and pre-reformer.    USE - For generating electric power using solid-acid compound fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The pre-reformer and the mixer are heated by the combustion gas which is at high temperature. Hence the fuel gas and water vapor are heated in pre-reformer to optimal temperature without consuming resources e.g. fuel gas and thermal efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electric power generator.    fuel temperature-rise mixing unit (112)    pre-reformer (114)    combustion gas exhaust port (118)    fuel gas inlet tube (120)    water inlet tube (122)
NOVELTY - The unit cell structure (101) of the fuel cell system comprises a fuel electrode (102), an oxidizing agent electrode (108) and another electrode (140) isolated from the fuel electrode. A voltage application unit (144) applies voltage between the fuel electrode and the fuel container (142) accommodating electrode (140).    USE - Fuel cell system for mobile terminals.    ADVANTAGE - Output of fuel cell is improved by preventing generation of carbon monoxide poisoning.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for drive method of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Unit cell structure (101)    Fuel electrode (102)    Oxidizing agent electrode (108)    Isolated electrode (140)    Fuel container (142)    Voltage application unit (144)
NOVELTY - An alkali with 0.5 to 10 moldivide by valence of alkali, as molar ratio and material comprising 1 mol of carbon, are made to react in inert-gas atmosphere under heating conditions.    USE - For producing hydrogen in portable compact hydrogen production apparatus, for supply to fuel cell e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) used in personal computer (PC) and mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is produced without producing oxides of carbon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph explaining the hydrogen generation rate for different saccharides. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel reforming system has a hydrogen separation membrane unit having a hydrogen separation membrane, which alternately permeates hydrogen in reformed gas. Carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon containing gas is supplied to hydrogen separation membrane when stopping the fuel reforming system.    USE - As fuel reforming system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming system suppresses embrittlement of hydrogen separation membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of control method during stopping fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The impurity of hydrogen rich gas is adsorbed in hydrogen purification apparatus (7a) having adsorption agent maintained in pressurization state. Product hydrogen of high purity is removed. Product hydrogen remaining in apparatus after hydrogen removal is collected. Hydrogen production is transferred to off gas removing process. Apparatus is maintained under reduced pressure, impurity is removed from agent and off gas is removed.    USE - For producing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell and burner.    ADVANTAGE - The high purity hydrogen is produced efficiently and continuously, using inexpensive apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the operation of hydrogen purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen purification apparatuses (7a-7c)
NOVELTY - The impurity of hydrogen rich gas is adsorbed in hydrogen purification apparatus (7a) having adsorption agent maintained in pressurization state. Product hydrogen of high purity is removed. Product hydrogen remaining in apparatus after hydrogen removal is collected. Hydrogen production method is transferred to off gas removing process. Apparatus is maintained under reduced pressure, impurity and off gas are removed.    USE - For producing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell and burner.    ADVANTAGE - The high purity hydrogen is produced efficiently. The method enables effective usage of hydrogen of low purity for washing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The impurity of hydrogen rich gas is adsorbed in hydrogen purification apparatus (7a) having adsorption agent maintained in pressurization state. Product hydrogen of high purity is removed. Product hydrogen remaining in apparatus after hydrogen removal is collected. Hydrogen production method is transferred to off gas removing process. Apparatus is maintained under reduced pressure, impurity is removed from agent and off gas is removed. The adsorption agent of apparatus is washed by hydrogen for cleaning after off gas removal process. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the operation of hydrogen purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen purification apparatuses (7a-7c)    storage tanks for cleaning (10a,10b)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen production apparatus has hydrogen purification apparatus (9), modifier (5), transformer (6), heat exchanger (4) and bypass (11). The modifier (5) produces hydrogen rich gas, and transformer (6) transforms carbon monoxide of hydrogen rich gas to carbon dioxide. Apparatus (9) purifies hydrogen of hydrogen rich gas produced from modifier. Bypass (11) bypasses heat exchanger, and is provided between modifier and transformer.    USE - For producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus has improved hydrogen production efficiency, and time required for starting driving of apparatus is shortened.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen production apparatus has a hydrogen purification apparatus (9), modifier (5), transformer (6), heat exchanger (4) and bypass (11). The modifier (5) carries out reaction of hydrocarbon gas and water vapor at high temperature, and produces hydrogen rich gas. The transformer (6) carries out transformation of carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen rich gas to carbon dioxide. The apparatus (9) purifies high purity hydrogen of hydrogen rich gas produced from modifier. The heat exchanger pre-heats hydrocarbon gas using hydrogen rich gas of modifier. The bypass (11) bypasses heat exchanger, and is provided between modifier and transformer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for operating method of hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    heat exchanger (4)    modifier (5)    transformer (6)    hydrogen purification apparatus (9)    bypass (11)
NOVELTY - The controller shifts the purge time of gas remaining on the upstream side of a particle size analysis(PSA) device (42) from the waste gas discharge time from a combustor (20) during the stoppage of the PSA device.    USE - Fuel gas manufacturing system e.g. domestic fuel gas manufacturing system for supplying hydrogen-rich fuel gas to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents excessive increase in temperature of combustion device reliably and easily, without using a waste gas tank. Prevents damage to combustor, effectively. Eliminates the need for waste gas tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel gas manufacturing system stoppage method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the domestic fuel gas manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    domestic fuel gas manufacturing system (10)    modification unit (12)    purification unit (14)    storage unit (16)    combustor (20)    PSA device (42)    controller (90)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide (CO) selective oxidation device (3) performs selective oxidation of CO in reformed gas ejected from CO transformer (2) by CO selective oxidation catalyst. A cooler (7) is provided in oxidation device to cool catalyst. The heat exchangers (5,6) exchange the heat of cooling medium heated by cooler, hydrocarbon-type fuel, raw-material water and oxygen-containing gas.    USE - Hydrogen production device for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents variation in concentration of CO in reformed gas, due to variation in load at fuel cell. Improves energy efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen production device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    CO transformer (2)    CO selective oxidation device (3)    air supply device (4)    heat exchangers (5,6)    cooler (7)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen purification apparatus (10) has reduction unit, storage unit and oxidation unit. Reduction unit carries out separation of metal, water vapor and carbon dioxide from reaction mixture of metal oxide and mixed gas free of moisture content. Storage unit stores metal separated by reduction unit. Oxidation unit carries out separation of hydrogen and metal oxide from reaction mixture of water vapor and metal stored in storage unit.    USE - For purifying hydrogen (claimed) used for fuel cell electric vehicle, ships, rail vehicles and chemical processing plant.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus efficiently and economically enables the purification of hydrogen, without using pressure vessel and noble metals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal oxide is iron oxide. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for purification of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of structure of hydrogen purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen purification apparatus (10)    control panel (12)    pressure vessel (18)    cooler (22)    water removal device (28)
NOVELTY - The fuel gas manufacturing system (10) has reformer (22), hydrogen-having fuel feed system (41), modification air supply apparatus (28), ejector (40), pressure-control apparatus (38) and flow-control apparatus. The ejector mixes hydrogen-having fuel supplied from system (41) with modification air supplied from apparatus (28). The obtained mixture is fed to reformer, which reforms hydrogen-having fuel, to obtain reformed gas.    USE - For manufacturing fuel gas used as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel gas manufacturing system is compact, and simply controls the supply amount of hydrogen-containing fuel and modification air.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel gas manufacturing system has a reformer (22), a hydrogen-containing fuel feed system (41), a modification air supply apparatus (28), an ejector (40), and pressure-control apparatus (38) and flow-control apparatus. The control apparatuses are arranged in parallel with the ejector. The ejector mixes the hydrogen-containing fuel supplied from hydrogen-containing fuel feed system with modification air supplied from the air supply apparatus. The obtained mixture is supplied to reformer, which reforms the hydrogen-containing fuel, to obtain reformed gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline block diagram of fuel gas manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel gas manufacturing system (10)    reformer (22)    modification air supply apparatus (28)    pressure-control apparatus (38)    ejector (40)    hydrogen-having fuel feed system (41)
NOVELTY - The platinum anode (5) and cathode terminal (2) made of refractory metal at front end, are immersed in an electrolyte liquid (4) containing alkali-metal carbonate of concentration of 0.05 mol/l or more. An electrolytic luminescence reaction unit comprising a power supply (18) and a controller (17) produces electrolytic luminescence reaction on applying voltage of 100V or more to the anode and cathode terminal.    USE - For hydrogen generator (claimed) used in electric power generation apparatus (claimed) such as fuel cell electric power generation apparatus of cogeneration system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Ensures stable electrolytic luminescence reaction, thus realizing efficient power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) hydrogen generator;    (2) electric power generation apparatus; and    (3) cogeneration system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the hydrogen generator.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    cathode terminal (2)    electrolyte liquid (4)    platinum anode (5)    controller (17)    power supply (18)
NOVELTY - Hydrothermal reaction of liquid organic substance is carried out using a catalyst in subcritical or supercritical water, and a fuel gas containing hydrogen is produced. Impurities contained in generated fuel gas are removed under reduced pressure, and high-pressure hydrogen is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing high-pressure hydrogen used for fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen of high pressure and high purity is efficiently manufactured, and recovery of fuel gas for transport is effectively enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow sheet illustrating the manufacture of high-pressure hydrogen. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    liquid booster pump (1)    heat exchanger (2)    heater (3)    reactor (4)    cooler (5)    absorption tower (8)    deaerator (9)
NOVELTY - Solid and liquid of livestock farming waste material containing excrements are separated. The isolated urea-containing liquid portion is maintained at a temperature in which activity of urea derived from excrement is obtained, and ammonia and ammonium carbonate are produced. Calcium hydroxide and/or calcium oxide is added, and ammonium carbonate is converted into ammonia and phosphate ion is converted into calcium phosphate.    USE - The method is used for processing livestock farming waste material used for producing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The phosphorus component, which is the cause of odor, is completely removed from the livestock farming waste material. The hydrogen is effectively recovered during the processing method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) hydrogen; and    (2) usage of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of treatment facility in which the processing of livestock farming waste material is applied. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    treatment facility (10)    solid content detachment installation (12)    composting installation (14)    ammonia removal installation (16)    final treatment equipment (18)
NOVELTY - The wiring (13) is electrically connected to the main grid and sub-grid of Ted solar-cell Thor adhesive agent.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The reliability of the solar cell is improved. The cost is reduced and the electrical property of the solar cell is improved. The solar cell is used with polycrystal and also with the single-crystal substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacturing method of solar cell; and    (2) solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the solar cell.    solar-cell (10)    main grid (12)    adhesive agent (12a,12b)    wiring (13)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte film has ionic conductivity and contains specific structural component (1) or (2).    USE - For electrolyte film-electrode assembly of fuel cell (both claimed) such as direct methanol-type fuel cell, and for display element and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte film has excellent ion conductivity, heat-resisting property, workability and dimensional stability. The fuel cell having the electrolyte film has low methanol transmittance and excellent electric power generating efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolyte film has ionic conductivity and contains structural component of formula (1) or (2).    Ar,Ar'=bivalent aromatic group;    Y=sulfone or ketone group; and    X=H or univalent cation group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrolyte film-electrode assembly, which has the electrolyte film; and    (2) fuel cell having electrolyte film-electrode assembly.
NOVELTY - A terthiophene fullerene connection compound (1)-(4) has a long-chain alkyl group.    USE - For polymer of terthiophene fullerene connection compound (claimed), used as electroconductive polymer for electronic device such as organic solar cell, organic transistor, organic electroluminescent element and organic solid electrolytic capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The terthiophene fullerene connection compound has excellent solubility in organic solvent, and is polymerized at high speed. The connection compound provides polymer having excellent mechanical strength, light resistance, charge separation ability and electroconductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A terthiophene fullerene connection compound having a long-chain alkyl group, is of formulae (1)-(4).    R1-R4=alkyl group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polymer of terthiophene fullerene connection compound, which has the terthiophene fullerene connection compound having long chain alkyl group.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of terthiophene fullerene connection compound.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell is fabricated of a high temperature resistant material which is steel or a special steel (1) coated with nickel (2) containing 7% wt. or more chromium.    USE - Nickel alloy surface coating for steel component within a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The coating minimises the loss by evaporation of Cr from steel and special steel alloy, and enhances the steel resistance to oxidation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a soldering process to prepare the coating (2) and a further soldering process for its application to the steel substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross sectional view of a suitable nickel alloy coating on a steel substrate.    Steel (1)    nickel alloy coating (2)    nickel coated steel (3)
NOVELTY - A silicon nitride film is formed by radical beam chemical vapor deposition method using nitrogen and hexa alkyl disilazane as starting materials, on an organic film to manufacture organic device.    USE - For manufacturing organic device such as semiconductor device used for solar cell and electroluminescent display element.    ADVANTAGE - The organic device having high durability is manufactured safely and economically, at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of radical beam chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    high-frequency electric power supply (31)    reaction chamber (32)    nitrogen supply source (33)    silicon supply source (34)    substrate holding stand (35)    exhaust port (36)
NOVELTY - The thin-film solar cell substrate (1) comprises a transparent insulated substrate (11) and a transparent-electrode layer (12) containing zinc oxide deposited on the transparent insulated substrate. The transparent insulated substrate has fine corrugations with square mean square root roughness of 5-50 nm in the interface of electrode layer, and the convex portion consists of curved surface.    USE - For thin-film solar cell integrated thin-film solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The thin-film solar cell substrate has favorable optical-confinement effect, electric power generation capability, photoelectric conversion efficiency and minimum resistance. The thin film solar cell having high reliability and capability is manufactured efficiently and economically. The substrate suppresses film peeling of integrated thin-film solar cell and heat damage of transparent-electrode layer at the time of manufacturing semiconductor layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) thin-film solar cell;    (b) integrated thin-film solar cell; and    (c) manufacture of the thin-film solar cell substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the thin-film solar cell substrate.    thin film solar cell substrate (1)    transparent insulated substrate (11)    transparent electrode layer (12)    transparent substrate (111)    transparent base layer (112)
NOVELTY - A monomethine group cyanine dye (I) having main local maximum absorption in the wavelength 400 nm or more in liquid state, is new.    USE - For information recording medium, solar power generation, electrical instruments, telecommunication instruments, optical instruments, clothes, beddings and agricultural materials.    ADVANTAGE - The novel monomethine group cyanine dye absorbs visible light of short wavelength, and has excellent light resistance, solubility with respect to solvent and thermal characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A monomethine group cyanine dye of formula (I) having main local maximum absorption in the wavelength 400 nm or more in liquid state, is new.    Z1=monocyclic aromatic ring;    Z2=monocyclic or fused polycyclic aromatic ring; and    R1-R6=(un)substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon.
NOVELTY - The device has a bottom cooling element (6) for cooling the bottom face of a casting mold (4) accommodating the silicon melt (8) and arranged on a base (5), and heater (3) arranged above the mold. The heat exchange area (HF) defined between the side face (5b) of base and heat receiving surface (6a) of element, is changed by relatively displacing the cooling element with respect to mold or base.    USE - Silicon casting apparatus for use in manufacturing polycrystal silicon ingot (claimed) for polycrystalline-silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature gradient provided to the silicon melt, is maintained at a constant level hence multicrystal silicon ingots having good characteristics are produced with good reproducibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included method for manufacturing polycrystal silicon ingot.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of silicon casting apparatus.    heater (3)    casting-mold (4)    base (5)    base side face (5b)    cooling element (6)    heat receiving surface (6a)    silicon melt (8)    heat exchange area (HF)
NOVELTY - The electrically conductive steel/ceramic connector, for use in a high temperature fuel cell, is produced using an inter-connector of ferrite steel containing 18-24 wt.% Cr. A suspension or paste is applied to the inter-connector containing a perovskite in a composition of Ln1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3-delta or Ln1-xSrxFe1-yCoyO3-delta, where 0.1less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.4, 0.1less than or equal toyless than or equal to0.6, 0less than or equal todeltaless than or equal tox/2 and Ln=La-Lu.    USE - The connector is for use in fuel cells with operating temperatures of 650-1000degreesC.    ADVANTAGE - The structure gives an effective bond between an electrode and the inter-connector at high temperature fuel cells with an electrical contact resistance of less than or equal to0.01 ohm/cm2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows contact resistance measurements at the steel/ceramic compound of different compositions at 750degreesC. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Organic semiconductor contains at least one polymer, structural units which emit light from the triplet state, and at least one triplet emitter. The mixture has two polymers where one has a triplet emitter in a covalent bond, and the other is a copolymer.    USE - The organic semiconductor is used in organic LEDs, organic solar cells, an organic laser diode or a non-linear optical system.    ADVANTAGE - The materials are more soluble and can be accessed more easily by synthesis, with an improved performance in organic LEDs.
NOVELTY - An electrode is formed by discharging a paste containing an electrode material from a discharge port of a nozzle, and drawing a fine-line pattern on a surface of a semiconductor substrate; and drying and baking the drawn fine-line pattern, and forming a fine-line electrode.    USE - For forming an electrode used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method ensures a high aspect ratio.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of an electrode comprises discharging a paste containing an electrode material from a discharge port of a nozzle, and drawing a fine-line pattern on a surface of a semiconductor substrate; and drying and baking the drawn fine-line pattern, and forming a fine-line electrode.    In the drawing step, the nozzle is arranged so that a central axis of the nozzle is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and so that the discharge port is proximate to the surface of the semiconductor substrate at a predetermined distance.    The nozzle and the semiconductor substrate are moved relatively to each other in a drawing direction of the fine-line pattern. Relative movement speeds of the nozzle and the semiconductor substrate are adjusted, thus drawing the fine-line pattern so that a line width of the fine-line pattern is smaller than an inner diameter of the discharge port of the nozzle.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an electrode formed by using the method; and    (2) a solar battery comprising the electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a flowchart that shows manufacturing steps of the electrode formation method.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly (10) comprises fuel cell (16) containing anode layer (2), cathode layer (6), and electrode interposed between the cathode and anode; and conducting layer (8) in intimate contact with the cathode layer and anode layer. The conducting layer is made to facilitate transport of electrons from the anode and cathode layer.    USE - For use as energy conversion device used in producing electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides improve oxidation resistance of interconnects and efficient collection system. It provides ease in fabrication at low cost. It improves oxidation resistance and current collection efficiency. It improves fuel and oxidant distribution, thus increasing powers efficiency of fuel cell assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagrammatic view of the portion of fuel cell assembly with conducting layer in intimate contact with electrodes.    Anode layer (2)    Electrolyte (4)    Cathode layer (6)    Conducting layer (8)    Fuel cell assembly (10)    Interconnect (14)    Fuel cell (16)    Cathode and anode sides (17, 19)
NOVELTY - A surface-treated silicon substrate comprises a monocrystalline silicon substrate having volume resistivity of 1-100 Omega.cm, and a metal-plated layer(s) provided on or above the silicon substrate.    USE - The surface-treated silicon substrate is for a perpendicular magnetic recording medium (claimed), wires for solar batteries, and micro-machines.    ADVANTAGE - The surface-treated silicon substrate has good adhesion.
NOVELTY - Organic photoelectric conversion element comprises a pair of electrodes (12, 16), and a photoelectric conversion region (15) arranged between the electrodes and containing an electron donating organic material and an electron accepting material. A buffer layer (14) comprising inorganic material is arranged between the photoelectric conversion region and pair of electrodes.    USE - For use in solar cells and photo-sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Long life organic photoelectric conversion element is provided together with the intention of performance stabilization. The dark current of organic photodiodes is reduced and an image sensor having a high sensitivity is provided. An organic diode that reduces the reverse bias current and has a high rectification ratio is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method of producing an organic photoelectric conversion element, comprising forming an electrode, forming a buffer region containing an inorganic matter, forming an organic photoelectric conversion region, and forming an electrode on the organic photoelectric conversion region;    (b) an organic photodiode, comprising pair of electrodes, a photoelectric conversion region, and a carbon layer; and    (c) an image sensor comprising organic photodiode as the photo-receptive part.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the organic photoelectric conversion element.    Glass substrate (11)    Electrodes (12,16)    Buffer layer (14)    Photoelectric conversion region (15)
NOVELTY - Optical concentrator is fabricated by providing generally spherical semiconductor elements (22) having a core and an outer surface forming a p-n junction, depositing an anti-reflection coating on the outer surface, bonding the semiconductor elements into a perforated aluminum foil array (24), and removing the anti-reflection coating and then exposing the core.    USE - For fabricating an optical concentrator for a photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention achieves uniform thickness of anti-reflection coating on the semiconductor elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fabricating an optical concentrator comprises:    (a) providing generally spherical semiconductor elements having a core and an outer surface forming a p-n junction;    (b) depositing an anti-reflection coating on the outer surface of each of the semiconductor elements;    (c) bonding each of the semiconductor elements into a perforated aluminum foil array thereby allowing ohmic contact to be made to a first side of the p-n junction; and    (d) removing the anti-reflection coating and from a portion of each of the semiconductor elements and then exposing the core, thereby allowing ohmic contact to be made to a second side of the p-n junction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of the array of semiconductor elements.    Semiconductor elements (22)    Perforated aluminum foil array (24)
NOVELTY - A resin composition comprises a polymer having particular chemical structure in main chain of the polymer.    USE - For a plastic film substrate for transparent conductive film substrate, thin film transistor substrate, substrate for liquid crystal display, substrate for organic electroluminescent display, substrate for electronic paper, substrate for solar battery, optical disk substrate, optical waveguide, optical fiber, lens, and touch panel and flat panel display (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention solves the problems of the plastic materials and has superior heat resistance and fully satisfactory mechanical characteristics and optical and mechanical characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A resin composition contains a polymer comprising a chemical structure (1) in a main chain of the polymer.    R1-R4=H or a substituent;    R5-R6=a substituent;    m, n=0-4    When m and/or n is greater than or equal to2, R5 and/or R6 may be the same or different, and R5 or R6 may bond to each other to form a 5- to 7-membered ring. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a transparent conductive substrate utilizing the plastic film substrate comprising the inventive composition; and    (B) flat panel display utilizing the transparent conductive film substrate.
NOVELTY - A catalyst (C1) comprises a perovskite-type compound having alpha and beta sites, and having a greater molar ratio of cations at the beta site.    USE - In the electrochemical reduction of oxygen and in gas diffusion electrodes (claimed) suitable for chlor-alkali electrolysis, metal-air batteries, fuel cells and oxygen sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is stable and highly active for oxygen reduction. The catalyst material used in oxygen gas diffusion cathode is able to provide over-voltage lower than precious metals at high current density and for a long duration in an alkaline electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a method (M1) for diffusing a catalyst with carbon for use in a gas diffusion electrode reaction layer involving preparing an aqueous solution containing metal salts at a predetermined molar ratio and carbon, heating the aqueous solution in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to a gel and further heating gel to form a char and calcining the char; and    (2) a gas diffusion electrode for electrochemical reduction of oxygen comprising at least one reaction layer having dispersed within C1.
NOVELTY - A flexible solar cell assembly (18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28) for use in an outer space environment or a non-Earth environment, comprises a solar cell having a first side and a second side; and a flexible substrate operably coupled to the second side of the solar cell. The solar cell is configured to produce an electrical current when receiving photons on at least the first side.    USE - For use in outer space environment or non-Earth environment (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell assembly can radiate heat energy from the backside of the assemblies. An operating temperature of the solar cell assembly can be maintained within optimal operating temperature range in a space environment or in non-Earth environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a top plan view of a solar cell array having solar cell assemblies.    Solar cell assemblies (18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28)
NOVELTY - A reformer (16) reforms the hydrogen containing fuel. A purifier (20) removes the discard from the reformed gas to purify the hydrogen gas. The hydrogen storage tanks (32,34a,34b) stores hydrogen gas. An electronic control unit (ECU) (44) controls the switching of the supply place of the hydrogen gas from the tanks to the fixed type fuel cell or fuel cell vehicle.    USE - Hydrogen gas manufacture electric power generation system that uses reformed hydrogen containing gas such as natural gas, methanol as fuel to fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient supply of the hydrogen gas to the fixed type fuel cell and the fuel cell vehicle, thereby achieving economical utilization of hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation method of hydrogen gas manufacture electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the domestic hydrogen gas manufacture electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformer (16)    purifier (20)    hydrogen storage tanks (32,34a,34b)    ECU (44)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (100) has a fuel battery cell (12) for generating electric power according to electrochemical reaction, laminated with temperature control cell (14) for heating the cell (12). The cell generates electric power according to electrochemical reaction of fuel and an oxidizing agent.    USE - As power supply for portable apparatus and motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has quick starting time, without consuming more electric power. The cell has stable temperature during driving, and provides compact portable device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydraulic circuit when heating the fuel cell.    fuel battery cell (12)    temperature control cell (14)    fuel discharge port (20)    circulation tank (28)    fuel cell (100)
NOVELTY - A detector (35) detects hot water amount in storage tank of cogeneration heat source that heats water using exhaust heat of fuel cell (1) based on hot water temperature, operating time of fuel cell and flow rate. A controller (44) selects storage tank or auxiliary heat source based on detection result and demand value. A display (17) displays data about energy saving operation mode determined based on selection result.    USE - For supplying hot water to bathtub and shower in bathroom, and kitchen.    ADVANTAGE - The hot water is supplied efficiently and economic utilization can be demanded from the user.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the composite hot water supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Display (17)    Detector (35)    Controller (44)    Flow rate sensor (70)    Hot water temperature sensor (101-111)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen production apparatus (10) has a reduction unit, a storage unit and an oxidation unit. The reduction unit separates metal and water vapor in reaction mixture obtained by reacting hydrogen and metal oxide. The storage unit stores separated metal. The oxidation unit separates hydrogen and metal oxide in reaction mixture obtained by reacting water vapor and metal stored in storage unit.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen (claimed) used for fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is economically manufactured using the apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal oxide is iron oxide. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of structure of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen production apparatus (10)    reduction unit, oxidation unit, storage unit (pressure vessel) (18,32)    cooler (22)    water-storage tank (24)    fuel cell electric vehicle (36)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen production apparatus (10) has reduction unit, storage unit and oxidation unit. Hydrogen and metal oxide are made to react. The metal and steam are separated by the reduction unit. The separated metal is stored in the storage unit and reacted with steam. The metal oxide and hydrogen are separated by the oxidation unit.    USE - For producing hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen production apparatus enables economical production of hydrogen, without using compressor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for production of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen production apparatus (10)    control panel (12)    pressure vessel (reduction unit, oxidation unit, storage unit) (18,32)    cooler (22)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage alloy (1) has standard enthalpy change of hydride generation of 0.6 kJ/mol.H2 or less at -40degreesC to 200degreesC.    USE - For hydrogen storage buffer material and hydrogen storage container (both claimed) used in hydrogen fuel battery of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material suppresses the raise of internal pressure, and has small temperature dependency and excellent safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen storage material (1) has standard enthalpy change (DeltaH) of hydride generation of 0.6 kJ/mol.H2 or less at -40degreesC to 200degreesC. The enthalpy change (DeltaH) is calculated from the formula:    DeltaH=T((nR/2)xln(P_H2)+DeltaS)    P_H2 is hydrogen storage pressure of hydrogen occlusion alloy;    DeltaS is standard entropy change in J/mol.H2.K;    n is number of moles;    R is gas constant; and    T is temperature in K.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen storage container; and    (2) hydrogen storage buffer material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the hydrogen storage material.    hydrogen storage material (1)    powder of metal or alloy (2)    nanocarbon material (3)
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a photosensitive layer (2) including a sensitizing dye formed on a metal mesh (7) which is arranged on the upper surface of a support substrate (1). A charge transferring layer (4) is formed on the upper surface of the photosensitive layer and a transparent conductive layer (5) is formed over the charge transferring layer.    USE - Used for e.g. dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Decreases the internal resistance of the photosensitive layer and enables favorable movement of electric charges in the photosensitive layer. Also increases the photoelectric current and the photoelectric efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the dye-sensitized solar cell.    Support substrate (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Sensitizing dye (3)    Charge transferring layer (4)    Metal mesh (7)
NOVELTY - A metal layer that functions as an electrode is formed on a support substrate (1). The metal layer has coarse surface on which a photosensitive layer (2) containing porous semiconductor particles and sensitized dye (3) is formed.    USE - Dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The metal layer and photosensitive layer are adhered firmly so cell with excellent weather resistance characteristics, improved durability and photoelectric conversion efficiency is realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the dye-sensitized solar cell.    Support substrate (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Dye (3)    Transparent conductive layer (5)    Transparent substrate (6)
NOVELTY - A desulfurizing agent contains a highly dispersible support supported with an active metal element. The active metal element is chosen from nickel, iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, tin and silver.    USE - For removing sulfur compound from hydrocarbon group fuel used for manufacture of hydrogen used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The desulfurizing agent has high desulfurizing activity for long period of time, and high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of desulfurizing agent. Solutions of each compound of titanium, silicon, aluminum, zirconium, boron and/or phosphorus are mixed, and precipitate of complex oxide. The deposit is baked and used as powder of complex oxide. The active metal element is impregnated into the powder of complex oxide and baked to obtain desulfurizing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the desulfurizing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    LPG cylinder (2)    liquid level (3)    supply line (4)    analyzer (5)    shut-off valve (6)
NOVELTY - A source gas having hydrogen modification raw material, and water vapor are supplied to hydrogen generation side of reactor. Sweep gas obtained from water vapor is supplied to hydrogen permeation recovery side to obtain hydrogen. Water vapor partial pressure of sweep gas is adjusted such that ratio of water partial pressure in hydrogen generation side and water partial pressure in hydrogen permeation recovery side is between 0.3-10.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is efficiently, simply and economically manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A film type reactor having main portion comprising modification catalyst (5), ceramic porous material (7) and hydrogen separation membrane (6) is prepared. A source gas containing hydrogen modification raw material, and water vapor are supplied to hydrogen generation side separated by hydrogen separation membrane of reactor. Sweep gas obtained from water vapor is supplied to hydrogen permeation recovery side separated by hydrogen separation membrane of reactor to obtain hydrogen. Water vapor partial pressure of sweep gas is adjusted such that ratio (X) of water partial pressure (P1) in hydrogen generation side and water partial pressure (P2) in hydrogen permeation recovery side is between 0.3-10. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for film type reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of film type reactor.    reaction container (3)    catalyst for modification (5)    hydrogen separation membrane (6)    ceramic porous portion (7)    central through-hole of ceramic porous material (8)
NOVELTY - A release material (9) is provided in the inner surface of a casting mold (8) which solidifies the silicon melt solution (10) collected from a melting crucible (1) through a discharge outlet (4). A drive mechanism (11) moves the casting mold horizontally during tapping of the silicon melt solution from the melting crucible.    USE - For manufacturing polycrystal silicon ingot used for manufacturing semiconductor substrate in solar cell used in home and electric-power-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus prevents cracking and generation of crater in the release material by moving the casting mold horizontally during tapping of the melt solution. The apparatus prevents reduction of the characteristics of the release material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the silicon casting apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    melting crucible (1)    discharge outlet (4)    casting mold (8)    release material (9)    silicon melt solution (10)    drive mechanism (11)
NOVELTY - The magnesium type hydrogen storage material has specific compositional formula, and contains one or more types of alkali element and/or alkaline-earth element.    USE - For use as storage medium of hydrogen supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material stores large quantity of hydrogen. Removal of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage material is performed efficiently at low temperature. Magnesium type hydrogen storage material of high purity, is manufactured efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The magnesium type hydrogen storage material has compositional formula (Mg1-xMx) (NH2)2+/-y, where M is one or more types of alkali element and/or alkaline-earth element, 0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.75 and 0less than or equal toyless than or equal to0.75. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of magnesium type hydrogen storage material.
NOVELTY - The reactor has the low and high temperature reactor portions. The fan shaped high temperature reactor portions are arranged mutually adjacent to other reactor portions.    USE - Reactor for electric power generation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By installing several reactor portions in comparatively small space, the heat loss in the reactor is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of (Drawing includes non-English language text).    micro reactor (3A-3F)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen absorption and release sheet has a hydrogen absorption and release layer (10) containing hydrogen storage material on the surface(s) of a sheet type base material (11).    USE - For hydrogen storage and/or discharge apparatus used for vehicle (both claimed), such as fuel cell electric vehicle and hydrogen fuel engine motor vehicle, hydrogen refilling station and hydrogen supply station.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen absorption and release sheet has high heat transfer efficiency and excellent hydrogen absorption and release capability. The scattering of powder type hydrogen storage material outside the container is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) manufacture of the hydrogen absorption and release sheet;    (2) hydrogen absorption and release method;    (3) hydrogen storage and/or discharge apparatus; and    (4) vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the hydrogen absorption and release sheet.    hydrogen absorption and release layer (10)    sheet type base material (11)    adhesive layer (13)    positioning hole (14)
NOVELTY - An electrode material is melted and the molten electrode material is contacted with an organic layer to obtain electrode of organic device. The electrode of organic device has electrode of two or more organic layer.    USE - For manufacture of electrode of organic device such as organic electroluminescent element, diode element, transistor element, capacitive element, piezoelectric element, pyroelectric element, electrostrictive element, photovoltaic element, liquid crystal electro-optical element (claimed) for solar cell, organic transistor and organic electroluminescent display device.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode is manufactured economically with high productivity by simple method, and forms patterns such as high definition element and design display. The electrode is formed in a molten state hence damage of the substrate is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode material contains metal or alloy consisting of metal selected from lead, tin, silver, bismuth, zinc, indium, cadmium, antimony and copper, thermoplastic resin and electroconductive particle.
NOVELTY - An ion conductor contains electrolyte and one from: (A) at least two types of dioxane compound, or (B) dioxane compound and biphenyl compound, oxybiphenyl compound or ester compound.    USE - For electrochemical device (claimed) such as lithium ion battery, capacitor, photoelectrochemical cell, ion sensor, photochromic elements and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor has high ionic conductivity at room temperature to high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ion conductor contains electrolyte and one from:    (A) at least two types of dioxane compound of formula (1), or    (B) dioxane compound of formula and biphenyl compound of formula (2), oxybiphenyl compound of formula (3) or ester compound of formula (4).    R1, R2, R4 = 2-10C straight alkyl; and    R3 = 1-10C straight alkyl.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical device containing ion conductor as an electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of cell for ionic conductivity measurement.    sample filling portion (1)    spacer (2)    indium tin oxide film (transparent electrically conductive film) (3)    glass electrodes (4)
NOVELTY - An ion conductor contains an electrolyte and a cyano phenyl compound (1).    USE - As electrolyte for electrochemical device (claimed), such as lithium and lithium ion battery, capacitor, photoelectrochemical cell, ion sensor, photochromic element and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor has high ionic conductivity in high temperature. The moving direction of ion is controlled between electrodes. Since the cyano compound contained in the ion conductor, has polar group (cyano group) at the terminal, the liquid crystalline molecule is excellent in compatibility with electrolyte. The ion conductor is non-volatile.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ion conductor contains an electrolyte and a cyano phenyl compound of formula (1).    R0=2-8C straight alkyl.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical device (31), which contains the ion conductor as an electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of lithium ion battery, which is the electrochemical device.    electrochemical device (31)    base material (32)    cathode collector (33)    anode collector (35)    sealing board (38)
NOVELTY - Metal electrode (12) and organic film (14) are formed sequentially on a substrate (10). A metal alloy film (18) containing indium and tin is formed on organic film and oxidized by plasma oxidation using oxygen radical ion, for converting metal alloy film into metal oxide film (18') containing indium tin oxide, partially or completely.    USE - For manufacturing organic electroluminescent (EL) element (claimed) for display device of electronic apparatus (claimed). The electrode of EL element is used for manufacturing organic photovoltaic element (claimed), solar cell (claimed), organic semiconductor apparatus (claimed), semiconductor device (claimed), liquid crystal display (claimed), and liquid crystal circuit board (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage to organic film by converting metal alloy film into metal oxide film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) organic electroluminescent element;    (b) electrode containing electroconductive oxide film;    (c) manufacturing organic photovoltaic element;    (d) manufacturing solar cell;    (e) manufacturing organic semiconductor apparatus;    (f) manufacturing semiconductor device;    (g) manufacturing liquid crystal display;    (h) manufacturing circuit board;    (i) manufacturing electronic apparatus;    (j) electronic apparatus;    (k) organic photovoltaic element;    (l) solar cell;    (m) organic semiconductor apparatus;    (n) semiconductor device;    (o) liquid crystal display; and    (p) liquid crystal circuit board.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the organic EL element manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (10)    metal electrode (12)    organic film (14)    metal alloy film (18)    metal oxide film (18')
NOVELTY - A dye sensitized type photoelectric conversion apparatus (1) has a semiconductor layer (4) and an electrolyte layer (7) provided between counter electrodes. The semiconductor layer is supported by a sensitizing dye. The sensitizing dye contains a specific acidic group-containing porphyrin dimer.    USE - For e.g. dye sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The dye sensitized type photoelectric conversion apparatus has excellent durability, productivity and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and is economical and safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dye sensitized type photoelectric conversion apparatus has a semiconductor layer and an electrolyte layer provided between counter electrodes. The semiconductor layer is supported by a sensitizing dye. The sensitizing dye contains an acidic group-containing porphyrin dimer of formula (1).    R1-R20=hydrogen atom or substituent, and at least one of R1-R20 is acidic substituent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional view of dye sensitized type photoelectric conversion apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    dye sensitized photoelectric conversion apparatus (1)    transparent substrate (2)    transparent electrically conductive film (3)    semiconductor layer (4)    substrate (5)    electrolyte layer (7)
NOVELTY - A controller adjusts the opening of flush-valves (82a-82c) or off-gas valves (66a-66c), based on the internal state fluctuated by the shutdown period of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) mechanism (42).    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen-containing fuel gas from hydrocarbon fuel, natural gas and methanol, used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Performs manufacturing of fuel gas, efficiently and reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for start-up method of fuel gas manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the domestic fuel gas manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    PSA mechanism (42)    off-gas valves (66a-66c)    flush-valves (82a-82c)
NOVELTY - A fully aromatic polyamide resin composition contains a fully aromatic polyamide (in weight parts) (100) and a carbon-type material (0.1-5). The carbon-type material consists of a mixture of carbon fiber with average diameter of 300 nm or less, and a fullerene compound.    USE - For composite fiber (claimed). Fully aromatic polyamide resin is used for bulletproof fiber, electrical insulation material and reinforcing agent.    ADVANTAGE - The fully aromatic polyamide resin composition economically and efficiently provides composite fiber having improved physical property and dynamic characteristics such as tension characteristics in fiber axial direction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fully aromatic polyamide resin composition contains a fully aromatic polyamide (in weight parts) (100) and a carbon-type material (0.1-5). The carbon-type material consists of a mixture of carbon fiber with average diameter of 300 nm or less, and a fullerene compound. The polyamide consists of structural unit of formula: -NH-Ar1-NH- and -OC-Ar2-CO-.    Ar1,Ar2=6-20C bivalent aromatic group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for composite fiber, which consists of the resin composition.
NOVELTY - Fabrication of a plate of polycrystalline silicon (68,70) of which one (64,66) of the two surfaces have a predetermined relief, according to which a layer of polycrystalline silicon (60,62) is deposited on at least one surface (56,58) of the two surfaces of a support (50), in that: (a) the surface of the support is printed in order to give a form complementary to that of the relief; (b) the polycrystalline layer is deposited on the printed surface of the support, the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer situated in contact with the printed surface exactly fits the form of the relief; (c) the polycrystalline layer is cut in order to form the polycrystalline plate.    USE - For fabrication of polycrystalline plates, notably thin, of which at least one of the two surfaces of each plate has a predetermined relief. This relief may be present on the major part of the surface, in the case of texturing for example, and/or on smaller part, in the case of marking or reinforcing the plate. The method is particularly applied to the fabrication of solar cells, called photovoltaic cells or photocells.    ADVANTAGE - Resolves the problem of printing on polycrystalline silicon plates, notably those with a thickness of less than 300 microns, using a method that is less costly than conventional techniques. It is effective because it does not disturb the internal structure of the silicon and may be applied on an industrial scale.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures respectively show the trajectory of an incident light beam in a silicon layer with a surface textured to give a relief in the form of pyramids, a schematic view of the texturing of the two surfaces of the support for the silicon layer and the support and silicon layers obtained at different stages of fabrication.    Support (50)    Surfaces of support (56,58)    Layers of polycrystalline silicon (60,62)    Surfaces of polycrystalline silicon plate (64,66)    Polycrystalline plates (68,70)
NOVELTY - Production of strip-like solar cells comprises simultaneously processing two strips in which they are adhered together on their rear sides in a galvanic method, separated, rotated and sewn together.    USE - For producing strip-like solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple.
NOVELTY - A set of electro-catalysts are based on the spontaneous deposition on or of platinum has nanoparticles, with deposition on or of e.g. ruthenium, manganese, iron and cobalt supported by high-surface-area carbon. An anode for the direct oxidation of e.g. methanol and ethanol in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is also employed.    USE - Used in power engineering.
NOVELTY - Fabricating a pressure vessel liner involves contacting two adjacent liner components (4, 5); placing a probe of friction agitation jointing tool (20) into the components across the contact portions; moving the probe in rotation relative two liner components; and joining the components by friction agitation. If the number of revolution of probes is R rpm and speed of jointing is V mm/min, then R/V is between 2 - 12 (preferably 2 - 8).    USE - For fabricating pressure vessel used in fuel cell systems installed in fuel cell motor vehicles, cogeneration systems, natural gas supply system, and oxygen gas supply systems (claimed) used in automobile industry, housing industry, military industry, aerospace industry, medical industry.    ADVANTAGE - The process prevents a reduction in the strength of the joint between the liner components, and assures high productivity without impairment. The fabricated pressure vessel liner is free from surface roughness and prevented from developing surface defects. By using the process, it is possible to preclude the probe from breaking or becoming shortened in life to result in improved productivity. The liner component can be prevented from deforming. This eliminates the need to use a jig for fixing the liner components or to make the entire apparatus complex in construction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the pressure vessel liner fabricated by the process.    pressure vessel liner (1)    cylindrical trunk (2)    head plates (3)    first liner component (4)    second liner component (5)    dome shaped peripheral wall (7)    friction agitation jointing tool. (20)
NOVELTY - The method involves providing storage apparatus having an outer portion and closed cell monolith (2) contained in inner space defined by outer portion. The storage apparatus is connected to tank for providing volatile compound, e.g. ammonia, and conducting volatile compound from tank to storage apparatus.    USE - For storing volatile compound such as ammonia, butane and propane under pressure, for delivery to an end-use system, such as a hydrogen generator or a fuel cell power system.    ADVANTAGE - The volatile compound can be stored with high safety by providing closed cell monolith in storage apparatus. High storage density, compact size, and controlled release rate of volatile compound are provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for volatile compound storage apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural diagram of volatile storing apparatus.    closed cell monolith (2)    flexible elastomer (4)    tank shell (6)    fill/drain hole (8)
NOVELTY - A needle crystal comprises fullerene molecule and has hollow-structure portion.    USE - For C60-C70 mixed thin wire (claimed), and as catalyst support material for fuel cell catalyst, adsorption agent, gas storage agent and lightweight resin composite material.    ADVANTAGE - The needle crystal is recyclable and manufactured simply. The crystal provides mixed thin wire having favorable electrical resistivity, mechanical capability, heat-resisting property and optical absorption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of needle crystal, which involves forming liquid-liquid surface between a solution containing a solvent (I) and fullerene, and solvent (II) having small dissolution ability of fullerene, and precipitating carbon thin wire in the liquid-liquid surface;    (2) C60-C70 mixed thin wire containing C60 and C70 type fullerenes; and    (3) manufacture of C60-C70 mixed thin wire, which involves adding a polar solvent in organic solution of C60 and C70 and precipitating mixed thin wire.
NOVELTY - A process for starting up a hydrogen generator involves passing heated oxygen-containing gas (such as air) through a partial oxidation reformer and at least one downstream unit operation to heat the reformer and downstream unit operation to a first temperature regime; and passing heated steam-containing gas sequentially through the reformer and downstream unit operation until a second temperature regime, which is hotter than the first, is achieved.    USE - For starting-up hydrogen generator.    ADVANTAGE - The process permits the rapid start-up of hydrogen generator without risk of catalyst damage due to condensing water on catalyst or coking due to introduction of hydrocarbon feed at elevated temperatures without sufficient steam. The steam can be generated by vaporizing liquid water in compressed gas stream and hence the generated steam will not require gas compression thus enabling saving on the gas compressor capital and operating costs required to provide heating gas for start-up.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The first temperature regime is insufficient to initiate operation of the hydrogen generator. The second temperature regime comprises a reformer temperature sufficient to initiate partial oxidation reforming and unit operation being at a temperature suitable to effect the intended unit operation. The method further involves passing the fuel, oxygen-containing gas and water to the reformer to occur the initiation of partial oxidation reforming and unit operation. The partial oxidation reformer contains partial oxidation and steam reforming catalyst.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a hydrogen generator; and    (2) a process the removal of thiophenes from fluid involving contacting the fluid with a solid sorbent selective for thiophene sorption as compared to other organosulfur compound to sorb thiophenes while allowing the other organosulfur compound to break through.
NOVELTY - Recuperative heat exchanger for transferring heat from fluid flow at one stage of fuel processing operation to fluid flow at another stage of fuel processing operation in fuel processing system, comprises housing defining two axially extending, concentric annular passages in heat transfer relation to each other; first convoluted fin in first passage to direct fluid flow; and second convoluted fin in second passage to direct fluid flow.    USE - The heat exchanger is for transferring heat from fluid flow at one stage of fuel processing operation to fluid flow at another stage of fuel processing operation in fuel processing system (claimed) used for distributed hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processing system incorporating the heat exchanger overcomes the heat transfer limitations of previous designs, and is thus capable of achieving a high level of hydrogen product efficiency without extremely high metal temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel processing system comprising:    (1) a steam reformer; and    (2) a recuperative heat exchanger (36) connected to the steam reformer to direct a fluid flow to the steam reformer, the fluid flow being a steam/fuel feed mix to be reformed in the steam reformer into a reformate, the steam reformer connected to the heat exchanger to direct the fluid flow back to the heat exchanger after it has been reformed into the reformate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a section view of an integrated fuel processing unit.    Depleted off gas (21)    Pressure swing absorption (22)    Recuperative heat exchanger (36)    Coiled tube (62)    Tube (64)    Domed head (66)    Convoluted fins (70, 72)    Cylinders (80, 90)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor element such as LED die is fixed to electrically insulative adhesive sheet which is inserted between the electrically conductive surface of bottom substrate and the transparent conductive layer of top substrate to form a lamination by continuous roll fabrication. The adhesive sheet is activated by applying heat and pressure to the lamination to electrically insulate and bind top and bottom substrates.    USE - For producing light active sheet such as solid-state light active sheet used in solar panel, light sensor, lighting device, display, light-to-energy device, flexible electronic circuit, high efficiency lighting and display products, interior tent lighting, commercial and municipal signage and for replacement of incandescent and fluorescent source lighting. Also applicable for manufacture of encapsulated semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains light active sheet with highly flexible form factor, at low cost using high yield roll-to-roll fabrication.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of making encapsulated semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cycle of light active sheet production system.
NOVELTY - A multijunction solar cell assembly, comprises a transparent substrate (22); a transparent conductive coating formed on the transparent substrate, the transparent conductive coating comprising gallium nitride; gallium indium nitride junction layers formed successively on the transparent conductive coating; and a metallization layer formed on the gallium indium nitride junction layers.    USE - As a multijunction solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The multijunction solar cell is cost effective, efficient and reliable for generating electrical power from electromagnetic radiation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method of forming a multi-junction solar cell assembly, comprising forming a transparent conductive coating (24) including gallium nitride on a substrate; forming gallium indium nitride junction layers on the transparent conductive coating; and forming a metallization layer on the gallium indium nitride junction layers; and    (2) a solar cell assembly, comprising a transparent substrate; a transparent conductive coating formed on the transparent substrate, the transparent conductive coating comprising gallium nitride; a gallium indium nitride junction layer formed directly on the transparent conductive coating in intimate contact with the transparent conductive coating; and a metallization layer formed on the gallium indium nitride junction layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an elevation of a transparent conductive coating formed on a substrate of the solar cell assembly.    Transparent substrate (22)    Transparent conductive coating (24)    Quantum wells (36)    Alternating layers of two lattice matched, wide band gap crystalline materials (38)    Buffer layer (40)
NOVELTY - An intermediate temperature layer (70) through which reformed gas from a carbon monoxide shift reaction unit (50) flows, is arranged between the carbon monoxide shift reaction unit and water heating unit (80).    USE - For generating reformed gas from supplied fuel such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene and methanol and water vapor, for supplying to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since intermediate temperature layer is provided adjoining to carbon monoxide shift reaction unit, excess heat radiation from carbon monoxide shift reaction unit can be suppressed, as a result thermal efficiency of fuel modifier is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (10)    fuel modifier (20)    CO shift reaction unit (50)    intermediate temperature layer (70)    water heating unit (80)
NOVELTY - The operation of fuel supply mechanism (44) for start-up and spark plug (50) are synchronized, and are driven intermittently, when temperature of combustion catalyst (12) is less than fixed temperature. The operation of spark plug and flow regulating valve (48) is stopped, and the fuel for start-up is supplied to combustion catalyst from the fuel supply mechanism, when catalyst temperature is more than fixed temperature.    USE - For start-up of operation of hydrogen gas reforming system for electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The combustion catalyst can be heated to combustion possible temperature economically and rapidly, and low temperature start-up can be efficiently performed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen gas reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reforming system (10)    catalyst (12)    fuel supply mechanism (44)    valve (48)    spark plug (50)
NOVELTY - The inert gas is added to the fuel and modification water, and supplied to the modification portion, so as to reduce the catalyst filled in the reformer.    USE - Reformer for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The reduction process of the catalyst is performed, without increasing the cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacturing method of reformer; and    (2) maintenance method of reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a process flow diagram of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fine crystal compound optical semiconductor contains 5-40 at.% hydrogen, gallium and a nitrogen element. The fine crystal compound contains fine crystals having size of 0.1-100 microns.    USE - For fine crystal compound optical semiconductor film used for optical semiconductor element, such as photovoltaic element (all claimed) used for solar cell, image sensor, light-emitting device, light emitting diode, full-color flat display, light modulation element, light interconnecting element, thin film transistor and electrophotographic photoreceptor.    ADVANTAGE - The fine crystal compound optical semiconductor has favorable photoconductive characteristics, environmental resistance and high temperature degree characteristics, and excellent light resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and rapid response property. The semiconductor is economically and safely manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fine crystal compound optical semiconductor film; and    (2) optical semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus for manufacturing amorphous optical semiconductor.    Semiconductor manufacturing apparatus (10)    Exhaust port (12)    Vacuum vessel (14)    Substrate holder (16)    Heater (18)
NOVELTY - Coating liquid containing microparticles (2) for mask, is applied on the surface of a substrate (1), and a coating film is formed. The coating film is removed from the substrate surface, after etching surface of the substrate, and the substrate is roughened. The microparticles (2) contains metal or carbon, and has average particle diameter of 5 microns or less.    USE - For roughening substrate used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The roughening of substrate is efficiently and economically enabled, and roughened substrate has favorable reflectance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Coating liquid further contains inorganic-type binder and/or organic-type binder. The inorganic-type binder is water glass or silane coupling agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of adherence of microparticles to surface of substrate during roughening.    substrate (1)    microparticles (2)
NOVELTY - A substrate (2) is made to contact the melt solution of a metal material and a semiconductor material. A sheet (1) is made to grow on the substrate, and thus the sheet is obtained. The nucleation position of the substrate contains single crystal.    USE - For manufacturing sheet used for solar cell (claimed) and other electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient and economical manufacture of sheet with suppressed carrier trap. The sheet provides solar cell with excellent battery characteristics, at improved productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sheet contains silicon.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) sheet; and    (2) solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the manufacture of sheet.    Sheet (1)    Substrate (2)    Convex portion of substrate (3)    Concave portion of substrate (4)    Gap between substrate and sheet (5)
NOVELTY - The method involves forming an anti-reflective film (80) on surface electrode (6), with varying refractive index along film thickness direction, by plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD), by changing the composition ratio of the source gas.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor device like light emitting element such as solar cell, light emitting diode (LED), semiconductor laser, photovoltaic cell, etc. and light receiving element.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces loss of light due to reflection. Reduces damage to the substrate as plasma CVD is performed at low temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the steps involved in the manufacturing of PN junction type crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell.    Semiconductor substrate (2)    Light receiving surface (4)    Surface electrode (6)    Reverse side electrode (7)    Anti-reflective film (8)
NOVELTY - Generator includes solar cells (10) surrounding the light source (20), and a fuel cell (11) on a base (1). The electric power generated by the solar cells is supplied to fuel cell and load. When the solar cells do not generate electric power, connection between solar cells and load is disconnected, and a switching apparatus (13) supplies electric power of fuel cell to load.    USE - Hybrid electric power generator with solar cell and fuel cell for a science education experiment..    ADVANTAGE - Enables utilizing of solar cell and fuel cell selectively and automatically, while grasping the operation of both solar cell and fuel cell simultaneously. Also carbon dioxide is not generated, since hydrogen is used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top and front views of the hybrid electric power generator.    base (1)    solar cells (10)    fuel cell (11)    switching apparatus (13)    light source (20)
NOVELTY - Surface modified metal nanoparticles comprise nanoparticles (1) containing a platinum group metal, whose surface is provided with a porous inorganic oxide layer (3).    USE - Used for a catalyst for the electrode of a polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell (all claimed) used for portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The surface treated metal nanoparticles have increased active surface area. Aggregation of the catalyst particles is suppressed. The catalyst provides an electrode having good durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The nanoparticles are platinum nanoparticles or platinum-ruthenium alloy nanoparticles. The inorganic oxide is silica.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a nanoparticle-containing catalyst;    (2) a fuel cell electrode;    (3) a polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell; and    (4) the production of surface modified metal nanoparticles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the catalyst which supports inorganic oxide coated platinum-ruthenium alloy nanoparticles.    nanoparticle (1)    support carbon (2)    porous inorganic oxide (silica) layer (3)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material has structure comprising filament supported with hydrogen storage material in the surface, wound in the shape of network pores to core portion material.    USE - For producing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen storage material has large hydrogen storage capacity per unit volume, the material is stored reliably in a container. The separation of the hydrogen storage material supported on the surface of a filament is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen storage container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of hydrogen storage material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    low melting glass slurry tank (1)    hydrogen storage material tank (2)
NOVELTY - A casing (1) stores the reaction tubes (2) whose lower end is closed. Each tube has a hydrogen permeable film arranged at outer side of a porous support serving as modification catalyst, and accommodates outer, intermediate and inner pipes (4-6). A source gas is fed in gap between the tube and outer pipe in downward direction. A combustion gas is fed in gap between intermediate and inner pipes in downward direction.    USE - Hydrogen production apparatus for producing hydrogen gas for use in fuel cell used for electric-power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Provides the apparatus having a simple structure and high hydrogen-production efficiency, by provision of several reaction tubes inside the casing. The size of the apparatus is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    casing (1)    reaction tubes (2)    pipes (4-6)    combustion-gas supply header (9)    combustion-gas discharge pipe (11)
NOVELTY - A melting liquid (1) is ejected from the hole (4) as granular melting solution (5). The static magnetic field is applied to the granular melt solution, in the direction transverse to the falling direction of the melt solution, by the solenoid coils (6, 9), to separate the solution into the microparticles (8).    USE - For manufacturing microparticle such as silicon particles for use in manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reliable manufacture of spherical microparticles of uniform size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for microparticle manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the microparticle manufacturing apparatus.    melting liquid (1)    hole (4)    granular melting solution (5)    solenoid coils (6, 9)    microparticles (8)
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger tube (11) provides heat supplied by combustion of modification catalyst stored in the modification reaction unit (23). A thermal-impact shock absorber (6) is provided along the internal circumference of the surrounding wall of the modification reaction unit.    USE - For use during production of hydrocarbon gas such as natural gas, town gas and liquefied petroleum (LP) gas.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage of modification reaction unit due to the pressure of catalyst reliably, by providing thermal-impact shock absorber, thereby improving durability. Provides simple structure, easy manufacture and assembly, high workability, and low manufacturing cost, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the modification reaction unit.    shock absorbing material (6)    heat transfer element (8)    heat exchanger tube (11)    surrounding wall (12)    modification reaction unit (23)
NOVELTY - An air supply pipe (81) connected to upper portion of fuel reformer case (10), supplies air from external air supply source to the lower portion of burner (60) provided at lower surface of the case, through air introduction hole (64).    USE - Fuel reformer used for fuel cell such as solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC), polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Easily reduces the heat amount of burner, thereby improving electric-power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reformer case (10)    exhaust hole (14)    burner (60)    air introduction hole (64)    air supply pipe (81)
NOVELTY - A thin plate manufacturing apparatus (20) has a lid (40) for closing an opening (27) formed in a crucible (22) storing a melt solution (21) for the immersion of a substrate (23) for the manufacture of a thin plate.    USE - For production of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents increase of temperature of furnace indoor space by suppressing heat radiation from melt solution stored in crucible by closing opening in crucible using lid, and thereby eliminates need for providing excess cooling installation at furnace wall and reduces design burden. Enables to eliminate influence of heat of melt solution on components, ensure long life of components and enables manufacture of thin plate having stable quality.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the structure of the thin plate manufacturing apparatus.    thin plate manufacturing apparatus (20)    melt solution (21)    crucible (22)    substrate (23)    furnace chamber (24)    opening (27)    crucible lid (40)
NOVELTY - The raw material powder containing silicon is molded. A mold release agent slurry is applied on the inner surface of obtained container and baked. A release layer is formed inside the container.    USE - For manufacturing container (claimed) used for silicon melting for manufacture of silicon ingot and polycrystalline silicon for solar cell, and as conveyor container.    ADVANTAGE - The container with excellent sinterability, mechanical strength and productivity, is obtained. The container produces high purity silicon ingot at high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mold releasing agent is silicon, silicon niride and/or silica. The raw material powder is silica particle. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for container.
NOVELTY - A catalyst has one or more types of catalyst metal particles supported on a porous support containing metal oxide(s) such as rare earth oxide. The catalyst metal particles comprises one or more types of transition metal or transition metal oxide having 10-50000 atoms.    USE - Used for purifying exhaust gas from diesel engines, gasoline engines and lean burn engines, and also used for promoting fuel cell reactions and compound synthesis reactions.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high durability, recyclability and reactivity in a high-temperature environment, without coarsening of the catalyst particles even after long-term use. The catalytic activity of the used catalyst is regenerated easily and quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst metal particles comprise a complex oxide of rare earth elements and a transition metal element. The transition metal is platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, silver, gold and/or iridium. The metal oxide of the porous support is ceria, ceria-zirconia, ceria-zirconia-yttria or ceria-lanthanum-zirconia.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the form change by atmosphere of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - An electrode catalyst (11) contains noble metal particles (15) and acid-resistant metal oxide particles (17), which are supported on an electroconductive support (13) by high dispersion.    USE - Used for fuel cells of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode catalyst has good acid resistance, catalyst capability and high temperature characteristics. The sintering of noble metal particles by heating is suppressed. Oxidation of the noble metal particles during electrode catalyst production is effectively prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The noble metal particles are alloy particles containing platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium and/or ruthenium. The acid-resistant metal oxide is a tungstic acid compound. The electroconductive support is a carbon material.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the production of the above electrode catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the electrode catalyst.    electrode catalyst (11)    electroconductive support (13)    noble metal particles (15)    acid-resistat metal oxide particles (17)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive support is dispersed in a chloroplatinic acid solution of pH 1-7, at an addition speed of 1 pH/minute or less. Hydrazine is added to the solution and the pH is adjusted to 2-8 at 25degreesC. An electrode catalyst having an electroconductive support carrying platinum microparticles is obtained.    USE - Used for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - An electrode catalyst with higher catalytic activity is manufactured by a simple and economical process. Platinum microparticles are uniformly supported on the electroconductive support.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Noble metals such as platinum and/or base metals selected from titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel or their alloy, is supported on the electroconductive support. The chloro platinic acid solution contains a water-soluble organic solvent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the production of a platinum supported electroconductive support. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The photoelectric converter (1) has a photoelectric conversion film (7) formed on a transparent conductive layer (5) and comprising p-type layer (7a), intermediate layer (7b) and n-type layer (7c) formed sequentially. Each layer of the film contains fine crystal silicon and p-type layer contains carbon atom.    USE - For thin film silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Realizes high photoelectric conversion efficiency at low cost by reducing band gap between p-type layer and intermediate layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The p-type layer in photoelectric conversion film contains 0.1-9.8 at.% or 3.3-9.8 at.% of carbon atom and 5-15 at.% of hydrogen atom. The p-type layer is formed at 90-125degreesC. The photoelectric conversion film is formed between the transparent conductive layer and reverse electrode (11).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the photoelectric converter.    Photoelectric converter (1)    Transparent conductive layer (5)    Photoelectric conversion film (7)    p-type Layer (7a)    Intermediate layer (7b)    n-type Layer (7c)
NOVELTY - A solar cell has a P-type doped semiconductor layer having a boron content decreasing linearly towards an intrinsic layer surface and gallium content increasing linearly towards the intrinsic layer surface. The total boron content in the P-type doped semiconductor layer is 1x10-6 atom% or more.    USE - Thin film non-monocrystal solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves operation efficiency of solar cell by preventing deterioration of characteristic of junction surface of P-type semiconductor layer and intrinsic semiconductor layer by making boron content of P-type layer decrease linearly towards intrinsic layer surface and gallium content of P-type layer increase linearly towards intrinsic layer surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) non-monocrystal solar cell manufacturing method;    (2) non-monocrystal solar cell manufacturing apparatus; and    (3) P-type semiconductor material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the boron and gallium density distribution in P-type semiconductor layer in the depth direction. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The p-type semiconductor layer stacked between the transparent conductive film (2) and the i-type fine-crystal thin film semiconductor layer (5) is formed of boron doped p-type semiconductor layer (3) and gallium doped p-type semiconductor layer (4).    USE - For non-monocrystal solar cell battery.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell having excellent output efficiency is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-monocrystal solar cell and p-type semiconductor material forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the non-monocrystal solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    base material (1)    transparent conductive film (2)    boron doped p-type semiconductor layer (3)    gallium doped p-type semiconductor layer (4)    i-type fine-crystal thin film semiconductor layer (5)
NOVELTY - A fullerene derivative has solubility in an organic solvent. The fullerene derivative is soluble in alkaline aqueous solution, after acid treatment.    USE - As raw material of chemically amplified resist and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fullerene derivative is efficiently and safely manufactured at improved yield rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for methanofullerene, which involves reacting halogenating agent and methylene compound having electron attractive group in the presence of the base of less than equivalent to the methylene compound, mixing fullerene, and adding and reacting base.
NOVELTY - Limiting catalyst deactivation in the reforming of motor fuel comprises burning off coke and unconverted components from the catalyst surface with oxygen-enriched air.    USE - Limiting catalyst deactivation in the reforming of motor fuel, e.g. to produce hydrogen for an automobile fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Regenerating the catalyst with oxygen-enriched air completely restores the activity of the catalyst, whereas regenerating the catalyst with air dies not.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows plots of hydrogen yield versus run time for a rhodium/alumina catalyst periodically regenerated with oxygen-enriched air (solid circles) and for a similar catalyst periodically regenerated with air (solid triangles). (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Apparatus for converting a hydrocarbon gas and steam into hydrogen and other reformer products comprises a steam reformer that is heated with a gas burner and contains a supported catalyst and a shift converter that contains a supported catalyst. At least one of the catalyst supports comprises silicon/silicon carbide and has a microchannel structure.    USE - The apparatus is especially useful for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell (domestic energy supplies are mentioned).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst supports have higher thermal conductivity and lower specific heat capacity than conventional steel supports, thus reducing cold start times, and have a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and good oxidation and corrosion resistance (compare DE10057537).
NOVELTY - Apparatus for producing hydrogen comprises a thermal cracking reactor (1) for converting a hydrocarbon gas to a product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon and a filter unit (2) for removing carbon from the product gas. The filter unit comprises two filters (3, 4) operating alternately in filtration mode and regeneration mode.    USE - The apparatus is especially useful for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen can be produced continuously without the need for two cracking reactors operating alternately in cracking mode and regeneration mode (compare DE10143656) and DE2453089).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus for producing hydrogen, comprising a thermal cracking reactor for converting a hydrocarbon gas to a product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon and an electrostatic filter for removing carbon from the product gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows apparatus as above connected to a fuel cell.    Cracking reactor (1)    Filter unit (2)    Filters (3, 4)    Fuel cell (5)    Gas burner. (6)
NOVELTY - A reformation water pump (53) supplies the reformation water stored in water tank (50) to the modifier (20). A pressure indicator (51) measures the hydraulic pressure in the water tank. A controller performs the feedback control of the water pump based on the rate of change of the measured pressure in the water tank.    USE - For use in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the increase of installation cost of fuel cell system and improves the reliability of the fuel cell system by effectively controlling the reformation water pump based on rate of change of the hydraulic pressure in water tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (10)    modifier (20)    water tank (50)    pressure indicator (51)    reformation water pump (53)
NOVELTY - A coupling (T) has O-ring (4, 5) attached to internal peripheral surface or peripheral surface of a coupling main portion (1). The portion (1) consists of a polyolefin-type resin, an aliphatic polyamide resin or aromatic polyamide resin. The O-ring consists of polyolefin-type rubber.    USE - For pure water piping of fuel cell used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The coupling has favorable strength and insulation property, and is lightweight and economical. The elution of ion is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the semi cross-sectional view of coupling.    Coupling main portion (1)    Cylindrical portion (1b)    Securing unit (2)    Pressing component (3)    O-ring (4, 5)    Resin tube (9)    Coupling (T)
NOVELTY - Oxide material (I) comprising lanthanide, alkali or alkaline earth metal and transition metal(s), and containing a cationic gap or vacancy is new.    USE - (I) is useful as an oxygen pumping electrode which is used for purification of gases.    ADVANTAGE - (I) has good ionic conductivity, thermal stability and has sufficient output for industrial use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Oxide material of formula A2-x-yA1xA2yM1-zM1zO(4+d) (I) is new.    A, A1 = a cationic metal from lanthanides and/or alkaline and/or alkaline-earth metals;    A2 = cationic gap (a vacant position in A and/or A1);    M, M1 = transition metal;    y = 0-0.30 exclusively (preferably 0-0.20);    d = 0-0.25 exclusively (preferably 0-0.10); and    x, z = 0-1 inclusively.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an electrode (B) comprising (I); and    (2) a device for the production of electrical energy of fuel cell comprising at least an electrochemical cell comprising a solid electrolyte, an anode and a cathode (B).
(FI200405335-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell arrangement has fuel cell units (2) and fastening platform (3) having separate flow channels (7.1), via which gases flowing in fuel cell arrangement can be introduced to and exhausted from each fuel cell unit. The fuel cell units are connected to the platform by connecting piece(s), into which flow paths are arranged for transporting gases to cell units and for exhausting gases away from the units.    USE - For transporting gases to fuel cell units and for exhausting products from fuel cell units.    ADVANTAGE - Provides clear and efficient control of gas flows.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell arrangement comprises fuel cell units and fastening platform having separate flow channels, via which gases flowing in the fuel cell arrangement can be introduced to and exhausted from each fuel cell unit. The fuel cell units are connected to the fastening platform by the connecting piece(s), into which flow paths are arranged for transporting gases to the fuel cell units and for exhausting gases away from the cell units. greater than or equal to2 fuel cell units are connected to each connecting piece.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial cross-section of the fuel cell arrangement.    Fuel cell unit (2)    Fastening platform (3)    Heat exchanger (6)    Flow channel (7.1)    Planar surface (13)    Flow path (15)    Connecting surface (17)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen supplying system comprises hydrogen-purifying units (2A, 2B) containing a hydrogen-generating medium (2a) and a carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst (2b) and connected to a liquid fuel reformer (1). The reformer reforms a liquid fuel to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and supplies it to hydrogen-purifying unit to reduce hydrogen-generating medium and oxidize carbon monoxide.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation and the reduction of the hydrogen-generating medium can be alternately conducted in each hydrogen-purifying unit to efficiently supply high-purity hydrogen to the fuel cell. The system has excellent durability. The system needs only a small space, resulting in low cost in the installation and operation of the system. Because the liquid fuel such as methanol is used as a starting material in the hydrogen supplying method, it has a high energy density. Because of the small space needed for the system, it is suitably carried on the vehicle. Because hydrogen need not be mounted on the vehicle, it is highly safe, without requiring high performance for the system and/or its parts.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen supplying system.    liquid fuel reformer (1)    fuel reforming catalyst (1a)    hydrogen-purifying unit (2A, 2B)    hydrogen-generating medium (2a)    carbon monoxide oxidizing catalyst. (2b)
NOVELTY - Process for production of linear- and/or point-formed structures on a carrier, e.g. electrical contacts strips on a semiconductor element, e.g. a solar cell, by application of an electrically conductive adherent paste which is then hardened. The substance has electrically active centers, and after application is converted to a medium containing polar molecules, and/or the substance leaves a hardened (sic) component immediately after application to the carrier.    USE - The process is useful in the production of semiconductors and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The resistance of the structure obtained is small and the process is suitable for mass production of semiconductors.
NOVELTY - A microchannel process (10) is started up by providing first multi-planar microchannel process unit (30) to process a unit operation; providing containment vessel (20) partially containing the process unit; establishing first containment vessel pressure within the vessel; sensing for leaks from the vessel; establishing first process unit pressure within the process unit; and sensing for leaks from the process unit.    USE - Used in starting up of microchannel process.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is able to avoid excess pressure differentials and uneven heating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of shutting down microchannel process, comprising providing first microchannel process unit processing a first unit operation; discontinuing the flow of a second reactant to the first process unit; discontinuing the flow of a first reactant to the first process unit; and introducing a fluid to the first process unit, the fluid selected from the group consisting of steam, inert, non-combustible, and/or non-oxidizing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of the microchannel process.    Microchannel process (10)    Containment vessel (20)    Microchannel process units (30, 40)    Vessel inlet (50)    Vent (60)    Unit inlet (70)    Unit outlet (80)    Unit heat transfer (150)
NOVELTY - Several hydrogen and fuel flow paths (25,27,29,31) of uniform width and depth, are formed in the combustor. A combustion catalyst (34) for hydrogen is formed at the hydrogen flow paths (29,31) and a combustion catalyst (35) for fuel is formed at the fuel flow paths (25,27).    USE - For use in reactor (claimed) such as micro reactor used for electric power generation apparatus used in digital camera, mobile phone, notebook personal computer, wrist watch, personal digital assistant (PDA), computer and other electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures separate and efficient burning of the hydrogen and fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the reactor.    air intake (19,22)    fuel intake (20)    hydrogen intake (21)    hydrogen flow path (25,27)    fuel flow path (29,31)    catalysts (34,35)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen occlusion alloy contains 1000 weight ppm or less of total metal impurity contents other than alloy constituent elements.    USE - For use in electrodes of secondary batteries and fuel storage medium of domestic fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen occlusion alloy has quick hydrogen occlusion property and excellent hydrogen storage capacity, and discharges hydrogen easily and effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The impurity includes sulfur, carbon and nitrogen.
NOVELTY - The porous titanium oxide is formed by anodizing metal titanium using electrolyte liquid, and has oxide film having thickness of 0.8 microns or more.    USE - For photocatalyst and dye-sensitized solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The porous titanium oxide has thick and fine porous anodic oxide film, and is manufactured efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of the porous titanium oxide.
NOVELTY - A crucible (107) storing melt silicon solution, has discharge outlet (111) provided at its bottom portion. A gas transfer unit (114) has discharge tube (113) whose front end exists outside the closed contour-line formed by the inner-surface edges of the outlet. The discharge tube sprays inert gas towards the melt solution, from its front-end.    USE - For silicon casting apparatus (claimed) casting polycrystal silicon ingot (claimed) used for manufacture of solar cell used in domestic and large-scale electric power generation applications.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiently prevents the impurity mixing of surrounding atmosphere with the melt silicon solution, thereby enabling to cast high-quality polycrystal silicon ingot without increasing the gas flow rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) silicon casting apparatus;    (2) silicon casting method;    (3) polycrystal silicon ingot; and    (4) polycrystalline-silicon substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the silicon casting apparatus.    crucible (107)    silicon raw material (108)    discharge outlet (111)    inert gas discharge tube (113)    inert gas transfer unit (114)
NOVELTY - Thin film bypass diode (120) comprising a thin film diode (15) and a reverse side electrode (16), is formed on a solar cell element (110) which is formed on a transparent board (11). The solar cell element includes transparent electrodes (12), photoelectric converting layer (13) and a reverse side electrode (14).    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids reduction of light receiving property, due to installation of the bypass diode. Provides a favorable electric current generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell.    transparent board (11)    photoelectric converting layer (13)    reverse side electrodes (14,16)    thin film diode (15)    thin film solar cell element (110)    bypass diode (120)
NOVELTY - Simultaneous formation of p type region (106) with impurity concentration greater than p type silicon active layer (104), and aluminum electrodes (105a) is performed on the active layer (104) of wafer (101). The aluminum/silicon oxide films (107,108), another silicon active layer (109) of same impurity concentration and n type layer (110) are sequentially formed on electrode (105a), before forming another electrode (111).    USE - For manufacturing silicon-thin-film solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents short circuit between n type and p type layers, and forms the electrodes by self alignment. Improves the production of highly reliable solar cell having high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the explanatory diagram of the solar cell manufacture.    single crystal silicon wafer (101)    p type silicon active layers (104,109)    aluminum paste (105)    electrode (105a)    p type semiconductor region (106)    aluminum oxide film (107)    silicon oxide film (108)    n type semiconductor layer (110)    electrode (111)
NOVELTY - Metal paste (6) is applied on a semiconductor film (3) formed on substrate (5) through a separation layer (4). A plate shaped or flexible sheet like separation element (1) having openings for supply and exhaust of air to/from metal paste, is adhered to the semiconductor film through metal paste and the metal paste is cured at 500 degreesC or more.    USE - For semiconductor base material for thin-film semiconductor device e.g. semiconductor integrated circuit, light emitting element and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of adhesive strength is prevented and damage of semiconductor base material is suppressed, improving production yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: manufacture of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of the semiconductor base material.    separation element (1)    semiconductor film (3)    separation layer (4)    semiconductor substrate (5)    metal paste (6)
NOVELTY - Upper and lower modules (2,3) includes semiconductor layers (4) and connection portions (15) which are formed alternately such that the semiconductor layer of lower module is formed directly below conduction portion of upper module and semiconductor layer of upper module is formed above conduction portion of lower module.    USE - For dye sensitized solar cell    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of module assembly.    upper module (2)    lower module (3)    semiconductor layer (4)    substrates (8,9)    connection portion (15)
NOVELTY - The supply amount of the air is controlled so that the molar ratio O/H of oxygen during cathode exhaustion is set to 0.55-2.0.    USE - Used for domestic application.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is simplified and the control is performed easily. Provides sufficient energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation-control method of reformation type fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the reformation type fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformation unit (1)    heating unit (2)    fuel cell stack (3)    blower (4)    anode exhausting unit (5)    cathode exhausting unit (6)
NOVELTY - A dilution unit (87) dilutes methanol stored in a storage unit (71), with water stored in water storage unit (73), and generates methanol aqueous solution of predetermined concentration. A pump (PU1) supplies generated methanol aqueous solution to a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) (80) through a supply pipe (81).    USE - E.g. notebook type personal computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile telephone and ink-jet printer using fuel cell as power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The up time of fuel cell is lengthened, without expanding electronic device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for ink cartridge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of electronic device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    methanol storage unit (71)    dilution water storage unit (73)    DMFC (80)    supply pipe (81)    dilution unit (87)    fuel feeding pump (PU1)
NOVELTY - The oxygen containing 3-15 mass % of total oxygen amount is introduced into a vapor deposition apparatus (11) and vapor deposition of one or more metal oxide films having different refractive index is performed on a substrate (15) to form multilayered film on the substrate surface.    USE - Formation of antireflective film for lens, display, optical disk and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Antireflective film with high transmissivity, adhesion and impact-proof property is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the vapor deposition apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Vapor deposition apparatus (11)    Evaporation source (12)    Substrate heater (14)    Substrate (15)    Cooler (18)
NOVELTY - The modifier has reforming pipe (1) in which the original fuel of hydrocarbon is supplied. The ratio of inner-cylinder radius of the reforming pipe and thickness is in range of 18-35.    USE - Fuel modifier for fuel cell power generation device.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents crushing under pressure of catalyst. Provides modifier of simple structure with high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier has reforming pipe (1) in which the original fuel of hydrocarbon is supplied. The ratio of inner-cylinder radius of the reforming pipe and thickness is in range of 18-35. The reformation pipe is of double cylindrical structure equipped with an inner and outer cylinder. The reformer pipe is filled with a modification catalyst. Stream reformation of the fuel is carried out in the the presence of the modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic side view of the fuel modifier.    pipe (1)    burner (2)    reactor device (3)    inner cylinder (5)    base plate (7)
NOVELTY - Titania nanotubes are obtained by anodizing titanium metal or its alloy. The titania has aspect ratio of 6 or more.    USE - For optoelectric transducer, and as photocatalyst, photocatalyst support (all claimed), nonlinear optic material, color material, ultraviolet absorber, shielding agent, absorption agent, and electrode material of solar cell such as dye sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The titania nanotubes have excellent productivity, optical characteristics, chemical catalyst characteristics, electron-transport characteristics, hole-transport characteristics, semiconductor characteristics and photoelectric transfer characteristics, and favorable aspect ratio.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of titania nanotubes, which involves anodizing titanium metal or its alloy in an electrolytic solution containing halogen-containing ions;    (2) catalyst containing the titania; and    (3) optoelectric transducer containing the titania as electrode material.
NOVELTY - Supply of infusion solution. comprises supply of electric power to the hydrogen permeable electrodes (2a,2b) stacked on the both sides of a solid-electrolyte film (1) to generate hydrogen gas by electrolyzing water and methanol in storage (5b). The liquid is transferred by the pressure of hydrogen gas through an exhaust flow path (6c).    USE - For supplying infusion solution, in micro-total analysis system (TAS) (claimed) used for environmental pollutants measuring process and medical diagnosis.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to tranfer the liquid conveniently, easily and stably with simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for micro-total analysis system (TAS).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the micro-TAS.    Solid-electrolyte (1)    Hydrogen permeable electrodes (2a,2b)    Storage (5b)    Supply flow path (6a)    Exhaust flow path (6c)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte liquid contains quaternary ammonium salt (1) as electrolyte.    USE - For electrochemical element (claimed) such as electrolytic capacitor, electrical-double-layer capacitor, dye sensitized solar cell, lithium secondary battery, electrochromic display device and electric-charge memory element.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte liquid is excellent in electrode permeability, and stability even at high temperature. Highly durable electrochemical element is provided using the electrolyte liquid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolyte liquid contains quaternary ammonium salt as electrolyte. The quaternary ammonium salt is represented by formula (1): ((R1)a(R2)b(R3)c(R4OCH2CH2OCH2CH2)dN)+xA-.    R1-R3=1-4C alkyl or alkyl oxyethyl group of formula: R5OCH2CH2-, where any two of R1-R3 mutually couples at the terminal to form alkylene chain;    R5=methyl or ethyl;    a-c=3 or less;    d=1-4;    a+b+c+d=4; and    A-=bistrifluoro methyl sulfonyl imidate ion (N(SO2CF3)2-), tetra-fluoroborate ion (BF4-) or hexafluoro phosphate ion (PF6-).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical element using electrolyte liquid.
NOVELTY - An ion-exchange membrane has proton conductivity, and hydrogen-permeation coefficient of less than 0.2 mul.microns/second/cm2.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed) used as energy device for generating electric power from hydrogen and oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - The ion-exchange membrane has gas barrier property, workability, dimensional stability, ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and reduced gas permeability coefficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) ion-exchange membrane-electrode joint component, which uses the ion-exchange membrane; and    (2) fuel cell, which uses the ion-exchange membrane-electrode joint component.
NOVELTY - An ion conductor contains electrolyte and cyano compound (I).    USE - For devices such as lithium and lithium ion battery, capacitor, photoelectro chemical cell, ion sensor, photochromic element, fuel cell and dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor shows high ionic conductivity at high temperature. The molecule has excellent compatibility with the electrolyte due to the presence of cyano group at the terminal. Since the moving direction of the ion is controlled in the direction between the electrodes, the ionic conductivity in the direction between the electrodes is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ion conductor contains electrolyte and cyano compound of formula (I).    n=1-7; and    R0=2-8C straight alkyl group.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the cell for ionic conductivity measurement.    sample filling portion (1)    spacer (2)    indium tin oxide film (3)    glass electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module (101) includes a photovoltaic cell (102) and a light emitting diode (LED) (103) that are sealed between a frame (104) and a surface protection board by a transparent resin such as ethylene vinyl acetate resin.    USE - Solar cell module for electric power generation in outdoor electronic display apparatus such as advertising panel and decorative display panel installed in buildings, game arcade and trunk road.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the visibility of the outdoor electronic display apparatus while reducing the power consumption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top elevation of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell module (101)    Photovoltaic cell (102)    LED (103)    Frame (104)    Intersection point (105)
NOVELTY - The flow rate regulation filter (1) comprises an elastic element (2) welded to a holder (3) so that the elastic element closes a discharge flow path. The elastic element and the holder are made of thermoplastic resin so as to restrain corrosion by the liquid contents.    USE - For regulating discharge of liquid contents or gas from fuel container (claimed) for fuel cells such as direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) used for supplying power to notebook computer, mobile telephone and also for aerosol cans filled with insect repellent or aromatic agent.    ADVANTAGE - Improves durability of the flow rate regulation filter, by preventing corrosion of the elastic element and the holder. Enables to regulate discharge flow rate of the contents in the fuel cell without requiring liquid-amount regulation mechanism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel container for fuel cells; and    (2) pressure vessel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top and sectional views of the flow rate regulation filter.    flow rate regulation filter (1)    elastic element (2)    holder (3)    disc portion (3a)    cylindrical portion (3b)
NOVELTY - The coolant composition contains at least one sugar alcohol for suppressing oxidation of base. Sugar alcohol is erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, inositol, quercitol, palatinit, lactitol, malitol, sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, melezitose, planteose and/or stachyose.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Sugar alcohol in coolant composition suppresses oxidation of base, therefore the raise of electric conductivity by the oxidation of base is reduced and low electric conductivity is maintained for longer duration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The base is water, alcohol, glycol and/or glycol ethers. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol and/or octanol. Glycol is ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and/or hexylene glycol. Glycol ether is ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and/or tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
NOVELTY - The coolant composition, which cools fuel cell, contains metal ion.    USE - For coolant for fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The coolant composition has low electric conductivity maintained for a long period of time, and suppresses generation of ionic substance by oxidation of base.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal ion is chosen from aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for coolant for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A determination device (20) determines the operating state of main valve (SV1) based on pressure variation in sealed space of fuel gas supply passage formed between main valve and the cutoff valve (SV2), by monitoring pressure variation of sealed space after main and cutoff valves are closed. The sealed space is formed by controlled pressure reduction of supply passage to pressure range suitable for monitoring.    USE - For detecting gas leakage from main valve of hydrogen tank of fuel cell system installed in vehicle, ship, midget submarine, aircraft.    ADVANTAGE - Since sealing space is formed in the downstream side of the main valve by pressure reduction processing, the closing state of the main valve is detected reliably. Pressure reduction processing is controlled so that pressure monitoring is preformed with high accuracy. Thus gas leakage is detected accurately.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the gas leakage detection method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel gas supply source (11)    determination unit (20)    pressure monitoring devices (p1, p2)    main valve (SV1)    cutoff valve (SV2)
NOVELTY - The titanium oxide particles (21c) contain anatase crystal (70-95 wt.%), and have Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 65-120 m2/g, and oil absorption amount of 70-90 ml/100 g measured based on JIS K 5101.    USE - For optoelectric transducer for dye sensitizing solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The titanium oxide particles have equal primary particle size and do not agglomerate even when they are not dispersed in dispersion liquid, and have excellent storage life. The titanium oxide particles do not generate chlorine, and have excellent dispersibility in acidic aqueous solution. Since the specific area of the porous membrane increases, the adsorption amount of the solar cell formed using the optoelectric transducer, which contains titanium oxide particle, short circuit current density increases and photoelectric conversion efficiency increases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer (10);    (2) manufacture of titanium oxide particle; and    (3) dye sensitizing solar cell (80).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section block diagram of the dye sensitizing solar cell formed using the optoelectric transducer, which contains titanium oxide particle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    optoelectric transducer (10)    base material (11)    porous membrane (21b)    titanium oxide particle (21c)    dye sensitizing solar cell (80)
NOVELTY - The round shape fused alumina particles have mean particle size of 5-4000 microns and roundness of 0.85 or more.    USE - For wear-resistant resin composition, high thermal conductivity rubber composition (both claimed), floor material, sealing material for electronic portions of electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, heat-dissipation substrate material, filler, final lapping material and aggregates used in ceramic, refractories and composite.    ADVANTAGE - The round shape fused alumina particle has excellent filling characteristics and high thermal conductivity, and reduces wear of machines and apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) production of round shape fused alumina particles;    (2) wear-resistant resin composition;    (3) high thermal conductivity rubber composition;    (4) production of wear-resistant resin composition; and    (5) production of high thermal conductivity rubber composition.
NOVELTY - A film (11) has a porous reinforcing layer comprising resin and an electrolytic layer made of polymer electrolyte and formed on the major surface of the reinforcing layer, such that the direction of giving high modulus of tensile elasticity in the reinforcing layer is substantially matched to the direction giving high dimensional variation rate in the electrolytic layer.    USE - Used for polyelectrolyte type fuel cells (claimed) used as power supplies for machines, vehicles, and cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane exhibits good dimensional stability and mechanical strength, and prevents positional shift, breakage and creasing during the manufacture of a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a catalyst layer-film conjugant;    (2) a membrane electrode conjugant; and    (3) a polyelectrolyte type fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the polyelectrolyte type fuel cell.    composite electrolyte film (11)    catalyst layer (12)    gaseous diffusion layer (13)    gas diffusion electrode (14)    separator board (16)    gas passageway (17)
NOVELTY - A new imidazole compound is claimed.    USE - As luminescent material for organic thin film layer of organic solar cell element and organic electroluminescent element (all claimed) used as light emission light source, illumination device and display device.    ADVANTAGE - The organic electroluminescent element and organic solar cell element using the imidazole compound have excellent blue luminous efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An imidazole compound of formula (1) is new.    R1 = optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, halogen, cyano, diphenylamino, 1-3C alkoxy, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C halogenated alkyl, imidazole group optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, diphenylamino, 1-3C alkoxy, 1-10C alkyl or 1-10C halogenated alkyl which is optionally substituted by fluorine or chlorine;    R2 = hydrogen, phenyl or naphthyl, in which phenyl and naphthyl are optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, diphenyl amino, 1-3C alkoxy, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C halogenated alkyl group which is optionally substituted by fluorine or chlorine;    R3, R4, R10, R11 = hydrogen, halogen, 1-3C alkoxy, 1-10C alkyl or 1-10C halogenated atom optionally substituted by fluorine or chlorine;and    R5-R9 = same as R3 including phenyl group and diphenyl amino, at least 1 of R5-R9 is substituents other than hydrogen atom.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) usage of imidazole compound in a luminescent material;    (2) organic electroluminescent element which has an organic thin film layer which consists of the imidazole compound, provided between a cathode and an anode; and    (3) organic solar cell element which has an organic thin film layer which consists of the imidazole compound, provided between a cathode and an anode.
NOVELTY - A composition comprises carbon nanoflakes (S1) having specific surface area of 1000 - 2600 (preferably 2000 - 2600) m2/g.    USE - As field emitter, sensors, catalyst supports (preferably platinum catalyst containing nanoparticles), blackbody absorber; hydrogen storage device; also useful in polymeric composite material (claimed) or photoresist materials; also useful to construct microfluidic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon nanoflakes exhibit high specific area of 1000 - 2600 (preferably 2000 - 2600) m2/g making them ideal tools for various application e.g. such as sensors, hydrogen storage. The corrugated nature of carbon nanoflakes surfaces serves as an excellent scatterer of infrared and visible radiation useful in such applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a carbon nanosheet (S2) having a thickness of less than or equal to 2 (preferably less than or equal to 1) nm;    (2) making (M1) carbon nanoflakes involving forming (S1) on a substrate using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD);    (3) making (M2) carbon nanosheets involving forming (S2) on a substrate; and increasing the substrate temperature during a nucleation phase of (S2) formation; and    (4) making (M3) coated carbon nanoflakes involving providing (S1) coated with a metal coating; reacting (S1) and the coating to convert the metal coating to a metal carbide coating.
NOVELTY - An electrode for use in a fuel cell (10), comprises a coating material comprising material(s) consisting of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids of specific formula, where coating material is applied to an electrode body.    USE - The electrode is an anode, cathode for use in a fuel cell, i.e. direct methanol fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The coating materials provide high ionic conductivity at the electrode/ electrolyte membrane interface, and impart good wettability and permeability to the anode. They enhance cathode performance by enhancing oxygen solubility, thus aiding the transfer of oxygen to the cathode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrode for use in a fuel cell, comprises an electrode body; and a coating material comprising material(s) consisting of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids of formula F3C-(CF2)-SO3H, where coating material is applied to the electrode body.    n=8-17.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising a cathode (14); an electrolyte (16); and an anode (12) coated with material(s) consisting of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic depicting a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (10)    Anode (12)    Cathode (14)    Electrolyte (16)    Catalyst (18)
NOVELTY - Construction of bipolar plate assembly (57) involves connecting a conductive metal (104) layer (102) to a structural metal (100) layer (98). The conductive and structures layers are of different compositions. A flow field (87) is etched into the conductive layer while leaving the connected structural layer unetched.    USE - The method is used for constructing bipolar plate assembly useful in a fuel cell stack (claimed) for use in fuel processing or fuel cell industries. The fuel stack can be used in forming energy-generating device with integrated feedstock delivery system, or energy-consuming device.    ADVANTAGE - The bipolar plate assembly has structural metal that provides strength to the assembly and conductive metal that provides favorable electrical conductivity. The structural metal is diffusion bonded to the conductive metal to decrease the electrical resistance between the structural metal and the conductive metal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a bipolar plate assembly constructed by the above method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a portion of the bipolar plate assembly configured for use in fuel cell stacks.    Bipolar plate assembly (57)    Flow field (87)    Structural layer (98)    Structural metal (100)    Conductive layer (102)    Conductive metal (104)    Second conductive metal layer (108)
NOVELTY - A carbon-supported metal alloy catalyst is obtained by first depositing a noble metal on a carbon support and subsequently selectively depositing second metal(s) on the obtained carbon-supported noble metal in an aqueous environment. The selective deposition is obtained by reduction of a precursor of the second metal with hydrogen gas. The reduction is catalyzed by the noble metal and localized in correspondence to the noble metal.    USE - For a gas diffusion electrode (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is simple, cheap and effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a gas diffusion electrode, comprising the above catalyst deposited on a gas permeable conducting web; and    (2) a method of producing a carbon supported catalyst, comprising first preparing a carbon supported noble metal, and subsequently depositing second metal(s) on the carbon supported noble metal by selectively reducing a precursor of the second metal with hydrogen gas in an aqueous solution.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen storage apparatus comprises porous nano-structured material, and hydrogen absorbed on the surfaces of the porous nanostructured material    USE - For hydrogen storage used in vehicular applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides electronic devices. It optimizes absorption of hydrogen on their surface, while minimizing their total weight and volume.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for storing hydrogen comprising absorbing hydrogen on surfaces of porous nanostructured semiconductor material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a hybrid nanoparticle of the system for reversible storage of hydrogen.    Nanoparticle (100)
NOVELTY - Polycrystalline silicon is produced by charging and mixing silicon raw material and gallium dopant in a crucible, melting the silicon raw material under an inert gas atmosphere through heating to a predetermined temperature, and cooling down the silicon raw material melted to crystallized to make polycrystalline silicon incorporating the gallium dopant.    USE - For producing polycrystalline silicon useful as silicon substrate for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The resulting polycrystalline silicon has optical and electrical properties, e.g. minority-carrier lifetimes that do not deteriorate. It provides various devices whose performances, e.g. conversion efficiency are not deteriorated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of polycrystalline silicon involves charging and mixing silicon raw material and gallium dopant in crucible, melting the silicon raw material under inert gas atmosphere through heating, and cooling down the silicon raw material    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph showing the minority-carrier lifetime of annealed polycrystalline silicon before and after the irradiation of sunlight.
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide is removed from a hydrogen-rich gas stream produced in a reactor by passing the hydrogen-rich gas stream from the reactor through a vessel which houses a catalyst adapted to perform a water gas shift reaction; and an adsorbent adapted to adsorb carbon dioxide, thus shifting equilibrium toward carbon monoxide consumption.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen-rich gas stream produced in reactor.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method uses a fuel system of combined water gas shift reactor/carbon dioxide adsorber that eliminate downstream carbon monoxide abatement by preferential oxidation or adsorption, thus resulting in capital and space savings; eliminate low temperature water gas shift reactor; provide less complicated thermal integration than system with both a water gas shift and a preferential oxidation reactor, more efficient use of water gas shift catalyst, no dilution of hydrogen product with carbon dioxide, and no dilution of hydrogen product with nitrogen from air used for preferential carbon monoxide oxidation; eliminate air compression for preferential oxidation, thus resulting in power savings; eliminate low-grade excess heat generated by preferential oxidation; and provides potential for removing carbon monoxide at start-up and the ability to control the adsorption unit's cycling rate to optimize efficiency over wide operating loads.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures are simplified flow diagram of the fuel cell system, and a graph containing plots of carbon monoxide concentrations versus cycle number for experiments where pressure swing adsorption cycles were run using a mixture of water gas shift catalyst and carbon dioxide adsorbent, respectively.
NOVELTY - Unit battery (11) has two convex-shaped seals (36) contacting surface (34) of fuel electrode-side separator (30) and lower peripheral edges of a solid-electrolyte film (21). A pair of flat-surface seals (45) are provided contacting upper peripheral edges of electrolyte film and surface (44) of oxidizing agent electrode-side separator (40). Another pair of convex-shaped seals (37) are provided opposing flat-surface seals.    USE - For use as power supply in electronic device e.g. radio apparatus, electronic office equipment and audio-visual (AV) apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leakage and vaporization of the liquid fuel from the electrolyte film, hence improves reliability of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an unit battery of the fuel cell.    unit battery (11)    fuel electrode (22)    oxidizing agent electrode (23)    separators (30,40)    separator surfaces (34,44)    corrosion plate (35)    convex-shaped seals (36,37)    flat-surface seals (45)
NOVELTY - The hose (10) has an aluminum foil lamination layer (14) as a pervious barrier layer of a transport fluid. The layer (14) has organic film (24) coated on both surfaces of an aluminum foil (22). The foil contains aluminum or its alloy having average grain size of 25 microns or less.    USE - For coolant transport and fuel transport for motor vehicle, fuel cell vehicle and battery.    ADVANTAGE - The hose has excellent durability, reliability and permeability proof. The aluminum foil has excellent tensile strength, fracture elongation and flexibility. The reduction of durability by vibration and repeated deformation is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the hose. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hose (10)    Aluminum foil lamination layer (14)    Middle rubber layer (16)    Aluminum foil (22)    Organic film (24)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage discharge apparatus (7) has a container (21) having interior space (21a), hydrogen storage material (24) provided in container and hydrogen permeable film (25) covered on the material (24).    USE - For electric power generating apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus stores and discharges hydrogen easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electric power generating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the hydrogen storage discharge apparatus.    Hydrogen storage discharge apparatus (7)    Container (21)    Interior space (21a)    Substrate (22)    Hydrogen storage material (24)    Hydrogen permeable film (25)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a reformation unit (2) obtained by welding male and female elements (21,22) and by performing aluminium plating on the surface of male and female elements.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since aluminium plating is performed, the durability of the reformation unit is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel reformer.    reformation unit (2)    male element (21)    cover (21a)    female element (22)    base plate (22c)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module has solar ray impermeable film (6) provided at back side of module.    USE - Solar cell module installed on building.    ADVANTAGE - Improves thermal insulation property while preventing reduction of conservation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrates (1,5)    sealing agent (2,4)    photovoltaic cell (3)
NOVELTY - The apparatus uses a ladder-like electrode (13) for generating plasma. The ladder-electrode is arranged in parallel to the substrate (K) to be processed. A gap (D) of about 10mm or more is maintained between the ladder-like electrode and the substrate.    USE - E.g. plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus for forming thin-film e.g. photoelectric conversion layer in manufacture of photoelectric converter (claimed) e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A high quality photoelectric converter can be manufactured efficiently without causing damage to the photoelectric conversion layer by using simple thin-film formation technique. The thin-film formation speed is increased thereby increasing yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) photoelectric converter; and    (2) thin-film formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the plasma CVD apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Ladder-like electrode for plasma generation (13)    Substrate to be processed (K)    Gap (D)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer structure has electron transport path formed by a complex containing photosystem protein and gold nanoparticles, deposited on an electrode.    USE - Optoelectric transducer structure.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer structure with high photoelectric conversion efficiency is realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graphical view of the photoelectric-current spectrum.
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer has an optical semiconductor electrode (20) comprising a metal-oxide semiconductor layer (3), a counter electrode (21), and an electrolyte layer (4) clamped between the optical semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode. The counter electrode has an electroconductive polymer film (8) formed by applying an organic solvent dispersion solution of a conductive polymer.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer is simple, economical, and has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, productive efficiency and high conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of the optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    metal oxide semiconductor layer (3)    electrolyte layer (4)    electroconductive polymer film (8)    optical semiconductor electrode (20)    counter electrode (21)
NOVELTY - The fuel cartridge has liquid adhesive agent layer (1602) surrounding fuel chamber (1508) containing fuel (124), so that liquid adhesive agent (1604) creeps into crack (1606) in fuel cartridge case (1502) and hardens when in contact with air.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The crack is filled with liquid adhesive agent immediately after crack arises in the cartridge case. Hence leakage of fuel is prevented, therefore durability and impact strength are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell; and    (2) fuel cell cartridge manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the repair mechanism of fuel cartridge.    fuel (124)    case (1502)    fuel chamber (1508)    liquid adhesive agent layer (1602)    liquid adhesive agent (1604)    crack region (1606)
NOVELTY - Solar cell has dye sensitizing type semiconductor electrode containing transparent electrically conductive film (2) and semiconductor film. Semiconductor film has a titanium-oxide layer (3A). Titanium-oxide layer is formed by providing titanium-oxide base layer (3a) on conductive film, immersing base layer into oxy titanium-sulfate aqueous solution (11) and precipitating titanium oxide (11A) between titanium-oxide particles (10) of base layer.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor electrode comprising semiconductor film having high electron transfer capability, is formed effectively without high-temperature processing and low-temperature processing. Compact dye-sensitized solar cell having high electric power generation efficiency is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The dye-sensitized solar cell has dye sensitizing type semiconductor electrode. The electrode consists of transparent electrically conductive film and semiconductor film formed on a base material. The semiconductor film consists of titanium-oxide layer that absorbs dye. The titanium-oxide layer of the semiconductor film is formed by providing titanium-oxide base layer on conductive film, immersing titanium-oxide base layer into oxy titanium-sulfate aqueous solution and precipitating titanium oxide between titanium-oxide particles contained in the base layer. The titanium-oxide base layer is formed by applying titanium-oxide paste on transparent electrically conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of formation of titanium-oxide layer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent electrically conductive film (2)    titanium-oxide base layer (3a)    titanium-oxide layer (3A)    titanium-oxide particles (10)    oxy titanium-sulfate aqueous solution (11)    titanium oxide (11A)
NOVELTY - The conductive glass consists of a transparent electrically conductive film (2) formed at the surface of a glass substrate (1), and several grooves formed at the surface. The paste (4) consisting of metal as main component is embedded in the grooves, and another electrically conductive film (5) is formed covering the conductive film (2) and the surface of the paste.    USE - For use as substrate (claimed) for photoelectric-conversion device (claimed) e.g. dye sensitizing solar cell and organic thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - An electrically conductive glass with small electric resistance is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) substrate for photoelectric-conversion device; and    (2) photoelectric-conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional model explaining the manufacturing process of electrically conductive glass.    glass substrate (1)    transparent electrically conductive films (2,5)    paste (4)    resist (20)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack includes a humidifier (100) for supplying humidified gas such as water vapor to an air electrode of a fuel cell (91), through the circulation tubes (14,15).    USE - For power generation in electronic devices e.g. mobile telephone, notebook computer, digital camera, personal digital assistant (PDA) and electronic notebook.    ADVANTAGE - Electric-power-generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved by using simple technique.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel storage module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a fuel cell stack.    fuel tanks (8,9)    circulation tubes (14,15)    fuel cell (91)    humidifier (100)
NOVELTY - Ruthenium complex is new.    USE - For pigment or dye for dye sensitized metal oxide semiconductor electrode for solar cell (all claimed). Also used for manufacture of color conversion of filter, fluorescence conversion film for display apparatus, dye laser, for transduction, display, such as plasma display, electroluminescent display, light emitting diode, fluorescent display tube and for information recording.    ADVANTAGE - The ruthenium complex enables two-wavelength light emission, high stokes-shift value, excellent durability, solubility, heat resistance, light resistance, and is manufactured economically and easily. The ruthenium complex is excellent in color conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ruthenium complex of formula: (L1nL2mL3pRu)2+.2Z-, is new.    n=1-3;    m=0-2;    p=0 or 1;    n+m+p=3;    L1=bidentate ligand of formula (1);    Q=hetero arylene group optionally substituted by arylene group which is optionally substituted by linear or branched chain alkylene group, 1-8C alkyl, or 1-8C alkyl;    A=hydrogen atom, OR1, alkyl, cyano, carboxyl, halogen atom, acyl, ester or NR1R2;    R1,R2=phenyl optionally substituted by hydrogen atom, alkyl or 1-8C alkyl ;    X=oxygen atom or sulfur atom;    Z-= halide ion, PF6-, BF4-, ClO4-, BR34- or R3SO3-;    R3= phenyl optionally substituted by alkyl, hydroxyl or 1-8C alkyl or halogen atom;and    L2,L3=bidentate ligand of formulae (2-4).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a pigment or dye which contains the ruthenium complex;    (2) a dye sensitized metal oxide semiconductor electrode formed by adsorbing the ruthenium complex of formula: (L1'nL2mL3pRu)2+.2Z-, to metal oxide semiconductor film formed at electroconductive surface; and    (iii) solar cell equipped with the dye sensitized metal oxide semiconductor electrode.    L1'=bidentate ligand of formula (5).
NOVELTY - A supramolecular complex contains an extension viologen (I) and a porphyrin.    USE - As artificial photosynthesis reaction center material for photocatalyst used for generating hydrogen, and for light energy conversion element (all claimed) such as photoelectric transducer, photosensor and organic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The supramolecular complex produces high-efficient and long-life charge separation state by optical pumping, and is easily used for light energy conversion element. The complex has several artificial photosynthesis reaction centers, and energetically generates hydrogen from water by electron reduction of viologen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A supramolecular complex contains a porphyrin and an extension viologen of formula (I).    (R1-Het1-(CH=CH)n-Het2-R2)2+ (I)    R1, R2=H or 1-20C alkyl;    Het1, Het2=heteroaryl containing nitrogen atom as hetero atom in a ring, and nitrogen atom of Het1 and Het2 is bonded to R1 and R2, respectively; and    n=2 or 3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) synthesis of supramolecular complex, which involves mixing extension viologen and porphyrin in a solvent;    (2) artificial photosynthesis reaction center material, which consists of the supramolecular complex;    (3) hydrogen generating photocatalyst, which contains the supramolecular complex and a platinum catalyst;    (4) synthesis of hydrogen, which involves irradiating water with a light, in presence of the hydrogen generating photocatalyst; and    (5) element for converting light into electric current, which has the supramolecular complex laminated on an electroconductive base material.
NOVELTY - An electric power application unit (9) arranged at the middle of the processing tube (3), negatively charges each drop of the granular melt solution (12) ejected through a hole (6) of a melting solution container (5) in the middle discharge space containing discharge gas of the processing tube.    USE - For manufacturing silicon crystal used in manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents unification of the drops of the granular melt solution, thus crystals of uniform shape and size can be obtained efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of silicon crystal manufacturing apparatus.    tube (3)    container (5)    hole (6)    electric power application unit (9)    granular melt solution (12)    manufacturing apparatus (100)
NOVELTY - The solution containing solvent (I) capable of dissolving fullerene and solvent (II) having fullerene dissolubility lower than solvent (I) is prepared. Liquid-liquid surface is formed between the solution and solvent (II). Carbon thin wire is precipitated on liquid-liquid surface by adding alkali metal and alkaline earth metal element, or their alkoxide and hydroxide, and organic and inorganic compound, to obtain filament fullerene thin wire.    USE - For manufacturing filament fullerene thin wire used for fuel cell catalyst support material, photosensitization solar cell, filter, ion exchange column filler, antimicrobial material, gas adsorption material, lightweight nanowiring material, resin composite material, preparation material of fullerene shell tubes and composite fiber material, and used in pharmaceutical industry.    ADVANTAGE - The fullerene thin wire is efficiently manufactured with excellent dimensional stability and strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solvent (I) is organic solution, such as toluene and metaxylene solution. The solvent (II) is alcohol solution, such as isopropyl alcohol. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for filament fullerene thin wire.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen separation membrane is obtained by forming a silica film on a porous base material (10) using mixed gas containing pure oxygen and inert gas (in weight%) (25 or more), and vaporized silica source, such that the pore of the porous base material is obtained by chemical vapor deposition.    USE - For hydrogen separation for use in fuel cell, and as steam-reforming membrane.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen separation membrane has excellent heat resistance, water-vapor resistance, hydrogen permeability and selectivity, moisture resistance, high-temperature film-forming property, heat resistance and damp-proof property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of the hydrogen separation membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of the hydrogen-separation membrane.    porous base material (10)    tubular-shape electric furnace (12)    O-ring (14)    vaporizer (26)    manufacturing apparatus of the hydrogen-separation membrane (100)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module has a film sheet (4) interposed between a glass surface (2) and a photovoltaic cell (1), and between reverse-side of the material (6) and photovoltaic cell. The sealing agent (5) with separation degradation characteristic is interposed between the glass surface and the film sheet. The other sealing agent (3) is interposed between the film sheet and the photovoltaic cell.    USE - Recycle compatible solar cell module used in building.    ADVANTAGE - Positional offset of the photovoltaic cell is prevented by the sealing agent, thereby improving weathering resistance and obtaining solar cell module having high reliability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the recycle compatible solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    photovolotaic cell (1)    glass surface (2)    sealing agents (3, 5)    film sheet (4)    reverse-side of material (6)    frame (7)
NOVELTY - The layers of an anode line, a cathode line and a mass movement electrolyte are manufactured and joined according to press fit or bonding process at a fuel cell reaction layer. The flowpath layer is formed by a flexible substrate and the fuel cell reaction layer is joined with the flowpath layer for manufacture of flexible soft plate lamination adjustment fuel cell.    USE - For manufacturing flexible soft plate lamination adjustment fuel cell for portable electronic devices such as mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), smart phone and notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE - The flexible soft plate lamination adjustment fuel cell is manufactured efficiently at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for flexible soft plate lamination adjustment fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The flowchart explains the manufacturing process of the flexible soft plate lamination adjustment fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen and co-production of carbon dioxide comprises feeding a solid to a first reaction zone (R1) fed with a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon to form carbon dioxide, water and the reduced solid; feeding the reduced solid to a second reaction zone (R2) fed with water to produce hydrogen, steam and the oxidized solid; feeding the oxidized solid to a third reaction zone (R3) fed with air.    USE - The hydrogen is useful in all hydrogenation operations and for feeding energy generators such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is applied on an industrial scale and allows continuous production of separate streams of hydrogen and carbon dioxide with a high purity and maximizes the space and time yield, as there is no necessity of restoring either to separation or purification operations downstream.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of hydrogen and the co-production of carbon dioxide comprises feeding a solid to a first reaction zone (R1) fed with a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon, which reacts with the solid fed at its maximum oxidation degree (over-reduced form), to form carbon dioxide and water and the solid at its minimum oxidation degree (reduced form); feeding the reduced solid to a second reaction zone (R2) fed with water to produce hydrogen, steam and the solid at an intermediate oxidation degree (oxidized form); feeding the oxidized solid to a third reaction zone (R3) fed with air, obtaining, from the further oxidation of the solid, heat and the solid in over-oxidized form to be recycled to the first reaction zone (R1), where the solid contains at least one element, in addition to the metallic state, have at least three different oxidation states and are capable of producing at least two redox pairs, in order to the oxidation state, where in(R1) the solid in over-oxidized form and the liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon are fed in countercurrent.
NOVELTY - Process for production of solid particles of irregular shape, preferably of polygonal geometry, via at least one tube, especially a tube or tube system with one or more curves and/or one or more sharp bends using a fluid, where solid particles of regular geometry are added to those of irregular geometry.    USE - The process is useful in production of Si single crystals for micromechanical structural elements as substrates and for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a means of obtaining doped particles of irregular geometry without blocking of the tube or tube system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagram of the system.    Si melt (12)    tube (18)    symmetry line (25)    edge (28)
NOVELTY - Maximum solar tracking system constantly maximizes the electric power available from the solar panel to the capacitor. Double layer capacitor systems connected in parallel, are isolated by diodes and store the generated solar energy. A direct current (DC/DC) converter supplies a continuous predetermined DC voltage output to a load.    USE - Standalone solar/double layer capacitor power supply system used in places such as isolated/remote villages in developing countries, out-of-the-way communication sites, places not served by commercial power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The energy from the solar system is used to full extent, since the capacitor storage system is restored to its full charge state in minimum time. A total power failure of the entire storage system can be avoided, since the double layer capacitor systems are isolated by the power diodes. Distinctly different and superior solar power supply system is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the standalone solar/double layer capacitor power supply system.
NOVELTY - Culture apparatus of microbes comprises that a culture tank (24) of micro-organisms is connected to a gas source and a culture medium tank (23), and a modification tank (26) is maintained in an anaerobic condition, to process microbes using organic material supplied from an organic-material supply source (27).    USE - For culture of microbes such as Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteraerogens used in hydrogen generation apparatus (claimed) for producing hydrogen used in a fuel cell system (claimed), and in a fuel cell cogeneration system used in home and office buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures continuous cultivation of the microorganism and reforming of microbes for producing hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) hydrogen generation apparatus; and    (2) a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a hydrogen generation apparatus.    fuel cell (6)    culture medium tank (23)    culture tank (24)    modification tank (26)    organic-material supply source (27)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen removing unit having hydrogen separating membrane is provided in flow reaction tube (2) having catalyst carried by carrier comprising thermally conductive metal support having metal oxide layer unevenly distributed in surface portion. Hydrocarbon with cyclohexane ring is dehydrogenated to obtain hydrogen and aromatic hydrocarbon. Membrane removes hydrogen (1) on pervious side, and aromatic hydrocarbon on impervious side.    USE - For producing hydrogen used for petroleum refining, chemical industry, and fuel cell such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is produced with high efficiency using raw material oil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production system, which has two or more flow reaction tubes, two or more hydrogen occlusion units, a chiller, a flow path for connecting the reaction tubes and hydrogen removing units, and a flow path switching unit. Occlusion and discharge of hydrogen in hydrogen removing unit is carried out, by switching the flow path periodically.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen production system.    raw material oil (1)    flow reaction tube (2)    permeated gas (4)    high purity hydrogen (5)    aromatic hydrocarbon and portion of hydrogen (7)
NOVELTY - Compact steam reformer has burner heating reactor producing reformate from fuel and steam; air and/or fuel supply preheater, enclosed in burner, with waste heat recovery quotient over 0.5; and annular space with external thermal insulation, around preheater, that takes reformate stream and contains tube vaporizer for generating steam under pressure and secondary reactor for removing most carbon monoxide from reformate, thermally connected with vaporizer.    USE - The compact steam reformer is used in a process for steam reformation of fuel (all claimed). It is useful for steam reforming of natural gas or other fuels, including secondary purification of carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - Process control and the efficiency of heat recovery are better than in an existing compact steam reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for steam reformation of fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section through a steam reformer.    Reactor (9)    Burner (16)    Tube vaporizer (24)    Secondary reactor (37, 39, 39a)    Pressure regulator (42)    Temperature sensor (48)    Blower (49)    Attached fuel cell (52)
NOVELTY - Direct methanol type fuel cell power generator is operated by feeding an aqueous methanol solution into a fuel flow path (3) in the direct methanol type fuel cell; replacing the aqueous methanol solution in the fuel flow path with a proton-acid antifreezing liquid; and replacing the proton-acid antifreezing liquid in the fuel flow path with the aqueous methanol solution.    USE - For operating a direct methanol type fuel cell power generator (claimed) for compact fuel cell for a mobile device.    ADVANTAGE - Allows the fuel cell power generator without destruction due to water freezing or reduction in an output even when the system is exposed to a low temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a direct methanol type fuel cell power generator.    Fuel flow path (3)    Electrolyte membrane (5)    Membrane electrode (7)    Fuel outlet (21)    Air inlet (22)
NOVELTY - A Group IB-IIIA-VIA semiconductor layer is grown on a base by: depositing on the base (22, 24) a film of Group IB material and layer(s) of Group IIIA material; intermixing the film of Group IB material and the layer of Group IIIA material to form an intermixed layer; and forming over the intermixed layer, a metallic film comprising Group IIIA material sub-layer or a Group IB material sub-layer.    USE - For growing of Group IB-IIIA-VIA semiconductor layer on a base used in radiation detector and photovoltaic applications, e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a low-cost deposition method to form high-quality, dense, well-adhering Group IB-IIIA-VIA compound thin films with macro-scale as well as microscale compositional uniformities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a precursor stack comprising copper-gallium (Cu-Ga) alloy and indium (In) layers.    Substrates (20, 23)    Contact film (21)    Base (22, 24)    Cu-Ga alloy layer (25)    In layer (26)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of triple-junction solar cell comprises: providing a germanium substrate; forming a bottom cell in the substrate; forming a heterojunction middle cell over the bottom cell; and forming a homojunction top cell over the heterojunction middle cell.    USE - For manufacturing triple-junction solar cell, e.g. photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The multijunction solar cell structure has a high band gap heterojunction middle solar cell, which enhances performance of cell structures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram illustrating a schematic sectional view of triple-junction solar cell having high band gap heterojunction middle cell.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer-type water electrolyzer (20) is arranged in a pressure vessel (21). A feed water pump (37) supplies water to the water electrolyzer from a pure water tank (29). A pressure-governing valve (44) is arranged in a feed water line (17) to regulate internal pressure of the pressure vessel. The hydrogen and oxygen are generated in the cathode and anode of the water electrolyzer, respectively.    USE - Hydrogen generator for use in hydrogen station for supplying hydrogen gas to fuel-cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient generation of the high-pressure hydrogen gas, without damage to the electrolytic film, by regulating the pressure inside the pressure vessel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) operating method of hydrogen generator; and    (2) operating method of hydrogen station using solid polymer-type water electrolyzer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    feed water line (17)    water electrolyzer (20)    pressure vessel (21)    pure water tank (29)    feed water pump (37)    pressure-governing valve (44)
NOVELTY - Dimethyl ether modification catalyst contains gallium oxide as a catalytically active component.    USE - For modification of dimethyl ether to produce hydrogen-containing gas (claimed) used as fuel of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst does not become deactivated by air oxidation, has low tendency to produce methane at high temperature, and converts dimethyl ether to hydrogen-containing gas with high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen containing gas which involves contacting dimethyl ether, water vapor and/or carbon dioxide in the presence of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - The titanium-carbon type material has a titanium carbide-type compound contained in a carbon material.    USE - For photocatalyst used in electrochemical photocell (both claimed) for generating fuel agent such as hydrogen, and oxidizing agent such as oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - The titanium-carbon type material undergoes electronic excitation when irradiated with visible light and has good photocatalyst ability and optoelectric chemical characteristics. Amount of hydrogen and oxygen generated is improved by light irradiation. May be prepared from cheap raw materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of titanium-carbon type material;    (2) photocatalyst; and    (3) electrochemical photocell.
NOVELTY - A catalyst contains an acid catalyst component and a supported catalyst component. The supported catalyst component contains manganese oxide and/or manganese-iron complex oxide which carries palladium.    USE - For dimethyl ether modification used in the manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas (claimed) which is used as fuel in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst exhibits high activity in the modification reaction of dimethyl ether, and suppresses methanation at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas, which involves contacting dimethyl ether, water vapor and/or carbon dioxide in the presence of above catalyst.
NOVELTY - The photoelectric element (10) has a thin-film layer (20) comprising a polymer chain (21) of electron donor group, a polymer chain (22) of photosensitization group and a polymer chain (23) of electron accepting group, formed between a substrate electrode (11) and counter electrode (12).    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Realizes photoelectric element with excellent electron transport capability and photoelectric conversion efficiency stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the photoelectric element. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    photoelectric element (10)    substrate electrode (11)    counter electrode (12)    thin-film layer (20)    polymer chains (21-23)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (1) comprises an anode (a1), cathode (a2), a membrane (m1) that separates (a1) and (a2), and an electrolyte (a3) that holds water as a compound or in a coordinated state and a carbon fuel.    USE - As a fuel cell useful for the production of electricity and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cells utilize electrolyte materials that hold or coordinate water to allow the useful reaction of carbon and water at moderate temperatures without the use of expensive pressure reactors. Activated carbon or carbon recovered from organic waste is used to fuel the fuel cells to produce hydrogen gas or carbon dioxide and power at moderate temperatures and at very low cost. The fuel cells produce lower cost electricity with reduced adverse environmental impacts. The fuel cell is simple, compact, cost effective, generates high purity hydrogen at economical costs and operates at a practical temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) production of hydrogen involving either contacting carbon with water in the absence of oxygen, in a fuel cell (2) comprising an anode, cathode, alkaline hydroxide electrolyte (a4) and a membrane separating the anode and the cathode or contacting an alkaline hydroxide with carbon in the presence of carbon dioxide and water, in (2). An alkaline carbonate is formed at the anode and hydrogen gas is formed at the cathode;    (2) formation of carbon dioxide involving either (P1) contacting carbon with water in the presence of carbonate and oxygen in a fuel cell (3) comprising an anode, cathode, an electrolyte, a membrane separating the anode and the cathode. The carbon dioxide is generated at the anode and the carbonate is formed at the cathode or (P2) contacting carbon dioxide with at least one of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide to form a bicarbonate and contacting the bicarbonate with carbon to form carbon dioxide, in (3). The magnesium carbonate is formed at the cathode.
NOVELTY - Macrostructures are prepared by removing the organic ion exchanger from the composite material, and treating the three-dimensional matrix of mesoporous inorganic material under hydrothermal conditions before or after removal of the organic ion exchanger from the composite material.    USE - The invention is used for converting hydrocarbons (claimed). The macrostructure materials are useful in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides macrostructures with controlled size, shape, and porosity, and has uniform final composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of macrostructures comprises:    (1) forming a composite material composed of an organic ion exchanger having a three-dimensional pore structure and a matrix of a mesoporous inorganic material within the three-dimensional pore structure of the organic ion exchanger;    (2) removing the organic ion exchanger from the composite material to yield the macrostructures; and    (3) treating the three-dimensional matrix of mesoporous inorganic material, before or after removal of the organic ion exchanger from the composite material, under hydrothermal conditions to convert at least a portion of the mesoporous inorganic material to a crystalline molecular sieve composition.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method converting hydrocarbons comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feedstream under hydrocarbon conversion conditions with a catalyst having macrostructures comprised of a crystalline molecular sieve composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic description of the production stages.
NOVELTY - An interconnect element (28) for electrically connecting an anode and a cathode in adjacent fuel cells (11) in a fuel cell stack, is formed by forming boss or dimple by injection molding or casting, or forming a pin in the element by etching. It is a single layered interconnect element and has featured surface(s) including a boss and a dimple, or pin(s).    USE - For the formation of an interconnect element used for electrically connecting an anode and a cathode in adjacent fuel cells in a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can reduce the formation of localized superheated regions in the anode. It can also reduce the number of components in a fuel cell stack by eliminating the need for a filamentous pad between the electrodes and the interconnects.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an exploded view of a single solid oxide fuel cell.    Fuel cells (11)    Electrolyte element (14)    Interconnect element (28)    Spacers (36, 38)    Seals (37)
NOVELTY - Gasket for a fuel cell, comprises a gasket having an exterior surface; and a sensor coupled to the exterior surface of the gasket and protruding outwardly. The sensor is composed of a conductor disposed on at least one dielectric layer (24).    USE - The gasket is used for monitoring conditions associated with a fuel cell (claimed) useful for converting electrochemical energy.    ADVANTAGE - A small voltage drop occurring across a number of fuel cells could be distinguished from a relatively large voltage drop across one problematic fuel cell within the stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial, top view of an integrated sensor device coupled to the gasket.    Conductor pattern (22)    Dielectric layer (24)
NOVELTY - A combustor (102) arranged at the circumference of the solid acid compound fuel cell (SOFC) stack (101) burns the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in fuel electrode exhaust gas with oxygen in air electrode exhaust gas. A modifier (108) generates hydrogen rich reformed gas by steam modification reaction of the fuel using the heat generated from the combustor.    USE - For fuel cell electric power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electric power is generated effectively using the hydrogen rich reformed gas generated utilizing the heat of the combustor so the efficiency of the fuel cell electric power generation system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section and bottom views of the fuel cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    SOFC stack (101)    Combustor (102)    Fuel electrode (103)    Modifier (108)    Control valves (120,122)
NOVELTY - A fuel introductory unit forcibly supplies liquid fuel such as methanol aqueous solution or dimethylether aqueous solution to a fuel retainer at a pressure larger than the atmospheric pressure.    USE - Fuel cell for electronic device such as personal digital assistant (PDA), notebook personal computer (PC), mobile telephone and tablet-type information technology equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Enables supply of fuel to fuel electrode without using ancillary equipment such as pump.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell has fuel retainer with internal pressure of less than 0.6 MPa.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of structure of electronic device.    Electronic device (2)    Case (3)    Display unit (4)    Operation button (5)    Cartridge retainer (6)
NOVELTY - A carbon nanotube and nitric acid are introduced into a container which is maintained at 374degreesC or more and 22.1 MPa or more pressure. Thus, surface of carbon nanotube is modified.    USE - For surface modification of carbon nanotube (claimed) used as storage material for storing electrode materials such as hydrogen gas or alkali metal in solid electrolyte cell, fuel cell and storage battery, or as packing material (filler) of composite resin.    ADVANTAGE - The modification rate of surface and internal direction of carbon net of carbon nanotube are controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for carbon nanotube having alcoholic hydroxyl group and ether group in an outermost surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the relative integrated-intensity ratio of band of Raman spectrum of each carbon nanotube. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A baseplate (26) and a top plate (27) are coupled to lower and upper edges of an inner cylinder (24). A high-temperature-gas heat-exchange path (34) is formed in inner surface of the inner cylinder. The inner and outer cylinders enclose an evaporation chamber (28). The vapor is generated by evaporation of the liquid penetrating into porous material of outer cylinder and is supplied to a modification portion (13).    USE - For use in fuel cell system (Claimed) used for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal efficiency of the generation of the vapor is enhanced, by using the heat of high temperature gas to evaporate liquid. The bumping of the liquid is prevented, by increasing contact area of the liquid and the porous material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification portion (13)    inner cylinder (24)    outer cylinder (25)    baseplate (26)    top plate (27)    evaporation chamber (28)    heat-exchange path (34)
NOVELTY - The container (11) has a base (1) and a cover (4) to accommodate a plate-shaped fuel modifier (9). A feed pipe (5a) for supplying fuel to fuel modifier, and a discharge pipe (5b) for ejecting reformed gas, are provided penetrating the side walls of the base.    USE - For accommodating fuel reformer (claimed) of fuel cell system used for supplying electric power to portable apparatus such as digital camera, mobile telephone, personal digital assistance (PDA), notebook type personal computer, digital cam corder, car and domestic electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces storage space of the container for fuel reformer by reducing its size. Prevents transmission of heat from the fuel reformer to container effectively. Prevents burning of the portable apparatus by increase of temperature of container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the container for fuel reformer.    base (1)    cover(5a) feed pipe (4)    discharge pipe (5b)    fuel reformer (9)    container (11)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is produced by modification of motor fuel in the presence of oxygen-enriched air.    USE - For production of hydrogen used as energy sources for fuel cells and internal combustion engines, from motor fuel raw material such as gasoline, diesel, propane gas, bio-diesel and natural gas.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables production of hydrogen on mild conditions using inexpensive raw material. The method prevents deterioration of catalyst, improves lifetime of catalyst and uses low amount of catalyst, thus decreasing production cost. The method is quick, and consumes lesser energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for controlling modification efficiency of motor fuel.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material contains columnar material containing silicone (0.5-100 weight parts) with respect to hydrogen occlusion alloy powder (100 weight parts) of average particle diameter 500 microns or less. A notch is penetrated from bottom face of the columnar substance to the upper surface.    USE - For storing hydrogen used for fuel cells, hydrogen fueled car, electrode material of secondary battery, catalyst, sensor etc.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material has excellent heat resistance, moldability and workability, and stores hydrogen efficiently. Cycle characteristics of hydrogen storage material, is excellent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen storage container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows hydrogen storage material.
NOVELTY - A desulfurizing agent container (201) is filled with desulfurizing agent. so as to desulfurize fluid flowing inside the container through a fluid inlet piping (202). The fluid inlet and exit pipings (202,203) are arranged near the respective ends of the desulfurizing-agent container.    USE - Desulfurizer for fuels such as town gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for use in fuel cell system (claimed) such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures contact of the fuel with the desulfurizing agent for long time and thereby improves desulfurizing capability of the fuel. Enables effective utilization of the desulfurizing agent in the compact desulfurizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fluid inlet piping is fixed to a column shaped side face of the desulfurizing-agent container at an angle in the range of 30-150degrees relative to the axis of the container. The height of the container is set in the range of 8-150 cm. The diameter of the end faces of the container is set about 3-20 cm. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system which has fuel supply unit to supply fuel to the fuel cells. An oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the fuel cell, for generating electricity. A desulfurizer is connected to the fuel container. A reformer modifies fuel supplied from the fuel container, before supplying to the fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the desulfurizer.    desulfurizer (20)    desulfurizing-agent container (201)    fluid inlet piping (202)    fluid exit piping (203)
NOVELTY - The reformer has distribution channels (RA1-RA4,RB1-RB4) arranged at hydrocarbon raw-material flow path (32) and water supply flow path (33), respectively. The supply ratio of hydrocarbon raw-material and water to reaction unit (31), is maintained in a preset range, by adjusting the combination of distribution channels (RA1-RA4,RB1-RB4) opened and closed by respective opening-closing units (VA1-VA4,VB1-VB4).    USE - Reformer for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables supplying steadily required quantity of reformed gas to fuel cell stack, using simple structured flow-control system hence cost of fuel cell electric power generation system is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system; and    (2) fuel cell system operation control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction unit (31)    hydrocarbon raw-material supply flow path (32)    water supply flow path (33)    distribution channels (RA1-RA4,RB1-RB4)    opening-closing units (VA1-VA4,VB1-VB4)
NOVELTY - The fuel supply system (101) has a gas holder (11) having polymeric material. The polymeric material performs absorption and desorption of the reformed gas supplied to the power source (21) reversibly. The polymeric material adsorbs the waste gas containing carbon-dioxide from the power source.    USE - For supplying fuel by reformation of fuel gas such as methane gas, ethane gas, propane gas, commercial butane, etc., to fuel cell, gas engine used in motor vehicle and other domestic applications..    ADVANTAGE - The waste gas can be effectively collected without need for using special mechanism thereby avoiding contamination of working environment. Since fuel gas and the waste gas are stored in the same gas holder, size and weight reduction of the fuel supply system is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel-supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    gas holder (11)    power source (21)    fuel supply system (101)    supply lines (L1,L2)
NOVELTY - A water supply unit (1) supplies water to the evaporations unit (5,6). The evaporation unit (6) uses the radiant heat from a transformation unit (8) which converts carbon monoxide in reformed gas into carbon dioxide, as latent heat of vaporization. A flow regulator (3) controls flow rate of water, so that the temperature of the transformation unit reaches predetermined value.    USE - For generating hydrogen from town gas, liquefied petroleum (LP) gas and methanol for use in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Generates electric power stably and improves the lifetime of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    water supply unit (1)    flowmeter (2)    flow regulator (3)    evaporation units (5,6)    transformation unit (8)    temperature detector (12)
NOVELTY - A catalyst metal component is supported on a metallosilicate powder, and the powder is sintered. The metal component supported powder is mixed with a binder. The mixture is then molded and baked to obtain a lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst.    USE - For manufacture of lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst used for manufacturing aromatic compounds and hydrogen useful for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst is manufactured with high catalytic activity and without impairing porosity. The aromatic compound and hydrogen are efficiently and stably manufactured using the catalyst with high productivity. The catalyst production method improves the dispersion of the metal and porosity of the carrier. Since no impregnation is carried out after molding the support, the problem of obstruction of the catalyst surface by segregation of molybdenum does not occur.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of manufacturing process of lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Molybdenum and another metal are separately supported on a metallosilicate support. The support is subjected to carbonization process to form a catalyst. A reducing gas is present during the carbonization process.    USE - For modifying lower hydrocarbon such as natural gas, biogas and methane hydrate to produce aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene and naphthalene and hydrogen used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The stability of generation rate of hydrogen of the catalyst is improved. The production of aromatic compounds is improved using the inventive catalyst compared with catalyst comprising only supported molybdenum or a 2 component simultaneously supported catalyst.
NOVELTY - Processing of metallo silicate supported with platinum group element and molybdenum, is carried out by mixing a reducing gas in carbonization process. Thus, a lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst is manufactured.    USE - For manufacture of lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst (claimed) used for manufacturing aromatic compound and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst stably and efficiently provides aromatic compound and hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for lower hydrocarbon direct modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - A preliminary modification catalyst contains a rhodium-containing material and a substance (S), which are supported on a zirconia group or zeolite group support. The substance (S) is 6B group metal, 7B group metal and/or lanthanoid group metal. The catalyst decomposes hydrocarbon, and produces hydrogen.    USE - For producing hydrogen (claimed) used as chemical raw material for manufacturing methanol and ammonia, and for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The preliminary modification catalyst efficiently carries out preliminary modification of gasoline containing organosulfur compound, and produces hydrogen at high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen, which involves carrying out heating decomposition of hydrocarbon in the presence of the preliminary modification catalyst and a modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - A maximum power tracking apparatus is connected between the solar cell (1) and speed controller (3), for controlling conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy during deceleration of driving speed of direct current (DC) motor, to charge an electrical-double-layer capacitor connected across a preliminary lithium ion battery.    USE - E.g. solar motorbike and solar motor scooter.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures storage capacity of electric power of solar cell, thereby ensuring traveling distance. Eliminates the need for charging the battery using domestic power supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of solar micro vehicle.    solar cell (1)    lithium ion battery (2)    speed controller (3)    solar cell storage enclosure (6)    maximum power tracking apparatus mount (7)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has n-type semiconductor layer formed at the table surface areas (5a) between the side portions (3a) and upper surfaces (3b) of the columnar convex portions (3) formed on a p-type semiconductor substrate (5).    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables utilizing incident light effectively and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    columnar convex portions (3)    side portions (3a)    upper surfaces (3b)    semiconductor substrate (5)    table surface areas (5a)
NOVELTY - Solar cell has a P-type high concentration impurity layer (7) and N-type impurity layer (9), formed at a crystal grain boundary (5) and surface side of a substrate (1). The electrical resistance of the substrate in the crystal grain boundary is decreased by high concentration impurity region.    USE - Polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of polycrystalline silicon solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell manufacture.    substrate (1)    crystal grain boundary (5)    P-type high concentration impurity layer (7)    P-type layer (8)    N-type impurity layer (9)
NOVELTY - The installation structure has a box (104) e.g. electric power converter with rough side face (105), provided at reverse side of a solar cell module (102). The box is accommodated in the box accommodating portion (107) formed at the mounting stand (106), such that the rough side face of the box contacts the box accommodating portion.    USE - For installation of solar cell using photovoltaic element such as amorphous microcrystal type 2-layer structure photovoltaic element, crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium selenide and compound semiconductor photovoltaic elements.    ADVANTAGE - The frictional force between the box and the mounting stand can be increased, while improving wind pressure resistance on light receiving surface effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side schematic view of the solar cell installation structure.    solar cell module (102)    box (104)    rough side face of box (105)    mounting stand (106)    box accommodating portion (107)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (10) includes counter electrode layers (7) having metal oxide layer (2) adsorbed with color element (3), electric charge carrying layer (4) and electroconductive organic matter layer (5) formed in order on a metallic substrate (1).    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The solar cell can be manufactured inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) dye sensitizing solar cell module; and    (2) dye sensitizing solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the dye sensitizing solar cell.    Metallic substrate (1)    Metal oxide layers (2)    Color element (3)    Electric charge carrying layers (4)    Electroconductive organic matter layer (5)    Counter electrode layers (7)    Solar cell (10)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor paste dispersed in organic solvent is applied on a transparent resin made electrode substrate (1), and a coating layer is formed. Organic solvent is removed from coating layer and a semiconductor porous layer (3) is formed. A dye (5) solution is contacted with the porous layer and dye adsorption treatment is performed, after dehydration treatment of porous layer.    USE - For manufacture of negative electrode used in dye sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Cathode provides dye-sensitized solar cell with high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal oxide semiconductor is titanium dioxide. Dehydration treatment is performed in dry atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of dye-sensitized solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent resin made electrode substrate (1)    transparent resin film (1a)    transparent conductive layer (1b)    porous semiconductor layer (3)    sensitizing dye (5)    negative electrode (7)    electrolyte liquid (8)    positive electrode (10)
NOVELTY - The first processing unit (A) reforms the fuel gas. The reformed gas which contains carbon monoxide is irradiated with the laser. The second processing unit (B) decomposes the reformed gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas for fuel cell mounted in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the generation amount of the hydrogen effectively. The generation process is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The water supply pipe (5) supplies water between the electrodes (3a,3b) and gas supply pipe supplies fuel gas such as petrol, methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl ether, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen between electrodes. A voltage source applies voltage between electrodes. The first processing unit has hydrogen separator to separate hydrogen in the reformed gas. The electrode is selected from the arc discharge, corona discharge, pulse streamer discharge, and surface discharge. The laser carries out continuous oscillation, or pulse oscillation. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) hydrogen generation system; and    (2) hydrogen generation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generator (1)    chamber (2)    high frequency electric-power (4)    water supply pipe (5)    first processing unit (A)    second processing unit (B)
NOVELTY - A melt containing fluorine, indium oxide, tin oxide, boron oxide, and specific oxides is produced. The obtained melt is quickly cooled to produce an amorphous substance. The fluorine-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) crystal is precipitated from the amorphous substance. The fluorine-doped ITO crystal is separated from the crystallized substance, and fluorine-doped ITO microparticles are manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing fluorine-doped indium tin oxide microparticles used for forming transparent electrical conductive film used for electrode of display elements such as liquid crystal display and electroluminescence display, substrate for solar cells and touch panel, and infrared shielding film used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fluorine-doped indium tin oxide microparticle having high crystallinity, excellent transparency, electroconductivity and infrared shielding property is efficiently and easily manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A melt containing fluorine (0.1-20 mass%), indium oxide, tin oxide, boron oxide, and group (R2O, where R is lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium), and/or group (R'O, where R' is magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium), is produced. The obtained melt is quickly cooled to produce an amorphous substance. The fluorine-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) crystal is precipitated from the amorphous substance. The fluorine-doped ITO crystal is then separated from the obtained crystallized substance, and fluorine-doped ITO microparticles are manufactured.
NOVELTY - Metallic silicon containing boron as impurity, is heated to 2200degreesC or less and beyond its melting point to form molten silicon. A solid containing hydrated carbonate and/or carbonate of alkali metal substance and silica as main component, is added to the molten raw material, and a slag is formed. While forming the slag, boron is removed from silicon.    USE - For removing boron impurity from silicon for use as raw material of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method effectively and inexpensively removes boron from metallic silicon containing impurities. High purity silicon, which can be used in solar cells, is manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrated carbonate and/or carbonate of alkali metal is chosen from lithium (hydrogen) carbonate, sodium (hydrogen) carbonate and/or potassium (hydrogen) carbonate, or their hydrates.
NOVELTY - The module (100) has a photovoltaic cell (105) whose finger electrode (101) is connected with a reverse side electrode (104') of another photovoltaic cell (105'), through thermosetting property conductive adhesives (103,103') of a lead wire (102). The adhesives do not have fluidity at normal temperature and have softening point greater than curing temperature.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module has excellent reliability over long period of time. The formation of bus-bar electrode is prevented, thereby improving productivity and yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module.    solar cell module (100)    finger electrode (101)    lead wire (102)    conductive adhesives (103,103')    reverse side electrodes (104,104')    photovoltaic cells (105,105')
NOVELTY - The electronic goods (1) to be cut are stuck between the support boards (3) through the double-sided adhesive layers (2).    USE - For manufacturing electronic component e.g. ceramic capacitor and oscillator for use in liquid crystal display (LCD), thermal head and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - suppresses chipping of electronic component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for double-sided adhesive tape for electronic goods.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a explanatory view of the manufacturing process of electronic component. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electronic goods (1)    double-sided adhesive layers (2)    support boards (3)    composites structure (A)    dicing adhesive tape (B)
NOVELTY - The dye sensitized solar cell has an anode isolated from a counter electrode, which is a cathode, through a separator. The anode is organic dye-adsorbed porous metal oxide layer.    USE - Used as dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The dye-sensitized solar cell has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and is operated without carrying out internal short even when the cell is press stuck.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cathode consists of carbon and fluororesin. The separator is a porous film consisting of olefin resin or fluororesin or a nonwoven fabric.
NOVELTY - An electroconductive material (22) is provided in the upper surface of the contact portions (18A) formed in a board (21) of a separator (17A) to relieve electromotive force of a membrane-electrode joint (16).    USE - Fuel cell e.g. direct methanol type fuel cell used for supplying electric power to portable apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces weight and size of the fuel cell by reducing thickness of the cell. Improves reliability of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) cell for fuel cell;    (2) manufacturing method of separator; and    (3) separator for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded sectional view of the fuel cell.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    membrane-electrode joint (16)    separator (17A)    contact portions (18A)    board (21)    electroconductive material (22)
NOVELTY - Specific aluminate and/or aluminosilicate are used as catalyst, and water is thermochemically decomposed.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and hydrogen (claimed) used as fuels for motor vehicles, aircrafts, turbine and nickel hydrogen battery for generating electric power, and raw material for chemical industries.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables decomposition of water steadily, efficiently and economically at low temperature, and is eco-friendly. The heat energy generated from nuclear reactor, nuclear fusion reactor, power plant, iron plant and chemical plant is effectively utilized for the decomposition of water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Aluminate of formula M1(AlO2)n (I) and/or aluminosilicate of formula M2(AlSiO4)n (II) are used as catalyst(s) and water is thermochemically decomposed:    M1,M2 = positive ions having charge n+.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) thermochemical decomposition catalyst;    (2) thermochemical decomposition reaction cell;    (3) thermochemical decomposition device; and    (4) hydrogen, oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide produced using the device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of typical reaction cell used for thermochemical decomposition of water. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A fuel gas supply line (SL) supplies a fuel gas from a source (11) to a fuel cell (10). A pressure-regulating unit (RG) is arranged in the supply line to regulate the pressure of the fuel gas supplied from the source. A return line (R) returns the fuel gas discharged from the cell to the supply line, is connected to the supply line at the upstream side of the pressure-regulating unit.    USE - Fuel cell system for electric power generation, which is used in electric vehicle for use on land, marine vehicles such as ship, underwater vehicle such as midget submarine, and aircraft, and in power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - The pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell is controlled accurately, even if there is pulsation in the pressure of the fuel gas returned by the return line.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of controlling fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (10)    source (11)    return line (R)    pressure-regulating unit (RG)    fuel gas supply line (SL)
NOVELTY - Preparation of nanostructure composite material includes adding biological compound to as-produced nanostructure material preparation to form a solution, mixing the solution to form dispersion, allowing unwanted material to settle out of the dispersion, and removing a nanostructure composite material.    USE - The process is used for preparing nanostructure composite material, e.g. carbon nanotube (such single-walled, double-walled, or multi-walled nanotube), non-carbon nanotube, nanowire, nanorod, or nanoparticle. The composite material or purified nanostructure material is useful in the manufacture of conductive and high strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; photovoltaic devices; actuators and devices containing nanometer-sized entities/components/structures; probes and interconnects; fuel cells; dry delivery, biomedical applications including tissue engineering; optics including non-linear optics; biocompatible composites, fibers, mats or papers; and biocompatible coatings, devices or sensors. (All claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The isolated nanostructure material has a purity of greater than 50% and an impurity level of less than 4%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a composite comprising a nanostructure material, and a biological compound interacting with the nanostructure material or separable from material to provide a purified nanostructure material.
NOVELTY - A porous carbon material comprises a fullerene crystal body. It has an average pore diameter of greater than or equal to100 nm.    USE - As carrier for corpuscular catalyst for a fuel cell and also as a base material of a modifying agent for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the porous carbon material has a pore diameter enabling the base material causing reaction to sufficiently move in the pores, a fluid that is the object of causing catalytic reaction may be treated in high efficiency and the use of the material in a high temperature environment may be allowed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a porous carbon material comprising subjecting a fullerene crystal body composed of at least two types of fullerenes each having a different molecular weight to an elution treatment, by use of a solvent which shows a relatively high solubility for at least one fullerene from among the fullerenes constituting the crystal body and which shows a relatively low solubility for at least one other fullerene.
NOVELTY - The composition has aluminum oxide and water in a paste-like form. An electrolyte layer (4) carries a dye on a semiconductor and converts light energy to electric energy by photoexcitation of the dye. The electrolyte layer is made by adding a paste, prepared by dispensing aluminum oxide in water, to an electrolyte liquid, and mixing them to process the whole electrolyte into a paste-like form.    USE - Used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The composition of aluminum oxide and water eliminates a liquid leakage and also reduces an operation cost and material cost. The composition enables to improve photoelectric conversion characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing a dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell.    Substrate (1)    Conductive layer (2)    Semiconductor electrode (3)    Electrolyte layer (4)    semiconductor electrode substrate (10)
NOVELTY - Production of a flexible graphite sheet having two major surfaces, comprises compressing particles (5) of exfoliated graphite to form a sheet; impregnating a resin composition into the sheet to form a resin-impregnated sheet; curing the resin-impregnated sheet; and treating the cured, resin-impregnated sheet to provide a structure.    USE - The process is for production of a flexible graphite sheet having two major surfaces, useful for production of a substrate material for the formation of a fuel cell component. The treated sheet or flexible graphite sheet is used in the formation of a component for an electrochemical fuel cell; a fuel cell flow field plate; a fuel cell gas diffusion layer (claimed); and electrodes. It is for use in e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process prevents sticking of the graphite material to the forming tool. By embossing or perforating the sheet after curing of the resin, flow or movement of the graphite/resin composite can be reduced, and embossing of thinner materials may be possible. Post-cure embossing or perforating can reduce or eliminate the need for a non-stick or release coating, with concomitant gains in process efficiency (by not having to interrupt sheet production to reapply the coating), and reduction in process costs (by reducing or eliminating the cost of the non-stick or release coating).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a system for the continuous production of resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheets.    Particles of exfoliated graphite (5)    Reactor (104)    Valves (107, 108)    Dispenser (110)
NOVELTY - A photosensitizing transition metal complex is new.    USE - For use in photovoltaic cell, e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive transition metal complex improves the efficiency, durability, and stability of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photosensitizing transition metal complex of formula MLX2 (I) is new.    M=transition metal, e.g. Ru(II), Os(II), Fe(II), Re(I), or Tc(I);    L=polypyridine ligand of formula (II);    A1-A4=anchoring group(s), e.g. -COOH, -COON(C4H9)2, -PO(OH)2, -PO(OR1)2, or -CO(NHOH); 1-50C alkyl, 2-50C alkylamide, and/or 7-50C aralkyl; or H;    R1=1-30C alkyl; and    X=ligand, e.g. NCS-, Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, NCO-, H2O, or pyridine optionally substituted by vinyl, primary, secondary, or tertiary amine, alkylthio, arylthio, -OH, or 1-30C alkyl    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photovoltaic cell comprising a support (8), a conductive layer formed on the support, a porous semiconductor layer (3) formed on the conductive layer and comprising transition metal complex (I), a counter electrode (9), and an electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagrammatic sectional view of a solar cell.    Substrates (1, 5)    Electroconductive film (2)    Porous semiconductor layer (3)    Hole transporting layer (4)    Counter electrode film (6)    Support (8)    Counter electrode (9)    Photosensitizing dye (10)
NOVELTY - A filming gas containing silane type gas and hydrogen gas is supplied between a substrate holder and a ladder electrode. Alternating current electric power is applied between the electrode and substrate holder so as to form a silicon film on the substrate by generating plasma containing negative ion of specific density.    USE - For manufacturing silicon film e.g. crystalline silicon film and amorphous silicon film used for p, i and n layers of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ion bombardment to the substrate surface is reduced and a high quality silicon film is formed at high speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (2)    Transparent electrode (4)    Metal electrode (6)    Fine crystal silicon film (20a)    p-layer of fine crystal (21a)
NOVELTY - The wiring element (8) connecting solar cell elements (1), has a copper foil (8a) and silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al) coating layer (8b) so that portion of copper foil is covered and coating layer has a light reflectance of more than 80% with respect to the light of wavelength within 500-1100 nm. The coating layer is formed in a region viewed through transparent board (10) from light receiving surface.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Improves design property. Increases electric power generation efficiency. Improves output characteristics of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of solar cell module and enlarged cross-sectional view of wiring element.    solar cell element (1)    p-type bulk area (2)    surface electrode (5)    reverse side electrode (7)    wiring unit (8)    copper foil (8a)    coating layer (8b)    transparent board (10)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has insulator (4) and insulation film (6) with non-coated portion, which are formed at the lower portion and upper portion of the granular semiconductor (20), respectively. A transparent conductive layer (5) used as upper electrode, is formed on the insulation film so that the layer electrically connects with semiconductor through the non-coated portion.    USE - E.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High conversion efficiency is obtained by preventing reliably a short circuit with conductive layer and lower electrode by forming insulation film with non-coated portion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of photoelectric conversion apparatus.    substrate (1)    insulator (4)    transparent conductive layer (5)    insulation film (6)    granular semiconductor (20)
NOVELTY - The gallium compound, which is solid above normal temperature is doped, and a polycrystalline silicon is grown, to obtain gallium compound-doped polycrystalline silicon.    USE - For manufacturing gallium compound-doped polycrystalline silicon used as substrate material for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method improves accuracy and workability during measurement of gallium compound. The gallium compound-doped polycrystalline silicon with high purity is obtained inexpensively. The silicon prevents reduction of durability of substrate and photodegradation. The silicon produces solar cell having high conversion efficiency, stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gallium compound-dope polycrystalline silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the manufacturing apparatus of gallium compound-doped polycrystalline silicon.    chamber (1)    quartz crucible (2)    carbon crucible (3)    carbon heater (4)    carbon heat insulating material (5)
NOVELTY - The fuel modification catalyst contains a metal having different oxidation states, carried on a support.    USE - For fuel reforming system for modification of ethanol (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modification catalyst has excellent modification effect at low temperature and outstanding durability. Since shift stability of the catalyst is high, generation of by-products such as carbon monoxide or methane is suppressed, and high concentration hydrogen-containing gas is manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of fuel modification catalyst;    (2) fuel cell system; and    (3) regeneration of fuel modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - The sealing agent comprises light receiving surface side sealing agent (22) and back side sealing agent (24) for clamping solar cell elements (23) in between. The sealing agent (22) has positioning recesses (27) for positioning solar cell elements at predetermined region.    USE - For solar cell modules having crystal system solar cell e.g. single crystal and polycrystalline silicon thin film type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the solar cell module manufacturing process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar cell (22)    light receiving surface side sealing agent (23)    back side sealing agent (24)    reverse side sheet (25)    positioning recesses (27)
NOVELTY - The system comprises processing apparatus which are installed in a clean room (30) and outside the clean room. The substrate on which a thin film is to be formed is conveyed/ejected to/from the clean room through gaps (33,34) formed in dividing wall between clean room and the exterior.    USE - For manufacturing thin film solar cell such as an amorphous silicon solar cell and tandem solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the installation cost and increases the quality of the solar cell by reducing the number of processing apparatuses installed in the clean room.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the thin film solar cell manufacturing plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate conveyance device (11)    Laser etching apparatus (12)    Clean room (30)    General atmosphere (31,32)    Gap (33,34)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell component comprises contact portion coated with polyimide by cation electrodeposition technique.    USE - Fuel cell component.    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion resistance of contact portion is improved sharply, thus durability of fuel cell is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of fuel cell component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph illustrating the relationship between current density and voltage applied to fuel cell component during testing of corrosion resistance. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A liquid layer containing catalyst particles, an ionic conductive resin and a solvent is applied and formed on an electroconductive porous material. A catalyst layer is formed using the liquid layer. The catalyst layer is heated at 100degreesC or more in an atmosphere containing oxygen and having a pressure less than the oxygen partial pressure by 2 x 10 Pa (sic) or more to obtain a catalyst electrode.    USE - Used for the production of a catalyst electrode used for the production of a membrane electrode joint and an electrochemical device (both claimed), such as a solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell, a hydrogen oxygen fuel cell or a sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst electrode is efficiently produced, and provides an electrochemical device having favorable output characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the production of a membrane-electrode joint (10); and    (2) the production of an electrochemical device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of the production of a catalyst electrode and membrane electrode joint. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    oxygen core catalyst layer (3)    oxygen pole (4)    fuel electrode catalyst layer (5)    fuel electrode (8)    membrane electrode joint (10)
NOVELTY - A humidification oxidizing-agent gas piping (108) supplies humidified oxidizing-agent gas to a fuel cell (103). The total organic carbon (TOC) of oxidizing-agent gas after passing through the source and fuel gas pipings (101, 104) is set below 500 micrograms/m3. A gasket made of fluorine resin or metal is arranged in a connection portion (106a) set between the piping (106) and the fuel cells.    USE - Fuel cell system for use in domestic co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Decreases the elution amount of the impurity in the source gas, fuel gas and oxidizing-agent gas, by using the gasket made of fluorine resin or metal. Suppresses voltage reduction of the fuel cell system and thereby durability of the fuel cell system is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system.    Source gas piping (101)    Fuel generation device (102)    Fuel cell (103)    Fuel gas piping (104)    Connection portion (106a)    Oxidizing agent gas piping (108)
NOVELTY - The present invention is the preparation process of multilayer nanometer composite proton exchange film with self-humidifying function, and features that porous PTFE film is first soaked in mixture of proton conducting resin and nanometer SiO2 or TiO2 to form water maintaining proton conducting layer, and then soaked in in mixture of proton conducting resin and nanometer Pt or Pd grain to form self-humidifying proton conducting layer. The composite film as the proton conducting film in proton exchanging film fuel cell has excellent self-humidifying and water-maintaining capacity.
NOVELTY - The reinforcing material (10) has a non-woven fabric containing glass fiber having C-glass composition, and a binder for strengthening bonding between the fibers as main components. The average fiber diameter of the glass fiber is 0.1-20 microns.    USE - For proton conductive film used for fuel cell (both claimed) used as power supply for motor vehicles and portable equipments.    ADVANTAGE - The reinforcing material has excellent mechanical strength, dimensional stability, durability, handleability and proton conductivity. The fuel cell having the reinforcing material has high electric-power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) proton conductive film (1); and    (2) fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the structure of the proton-conductive film.    proton conductive film (1)    reinforcing material (10)    fluorine group polymer electrolyte (20)
NOVELTY - A catalyst ink comprises metal catalyst; ionomer; and non-aqueous solvents having greater than or equal to50 wt.% of the liquid catalyst.    USE - For catalyst coated membrane for membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell for electronic device, vehicle or power supply for electric motor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The use of non-aqueous solvent maximizes the strength of the junction between the catalyst layer and the PEM while minimizing the actual solubilization of the membrane during the formation of a catalyst layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a method for making a catalyst ink comprising mixing an ionomer, metal catalyst and non-aqueous solvents to form a catalytic ink, where the non-aqueous solvent is greater than or equal to50 wt.% of the liquid portion of the catalyst ink;    (B) a method for making a catalyst coated membrane comprising drying a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) at 50-170degreesC to form a dehydrated membrane; contacting the dehydrated PEM with a gas at 15-30degreesC and a relative humidity of 35-70% to form a pretreated membrane; contacting a first surface of the pretreated PEM with the catalyst ink to form a first catalyst layer on the first surface of the PEM; contacting the first surface of the PEM with a gas stream at 15-30degreesC and a relative humidity of 35-70% to remove bulk fluid from the membrane, and drying the membrane at 50-170degreesC.
NOVELTY - The method involves comparing a silicon wafer image with a solar cell image. The current solar cell is assigned to the current silicon wafer (3), upon match between the solar cell image and silicon wafer image is found.    USE - For establishing correspondence between silicon wafers and solar cells, in manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Allows for easy correlation of the cell quality to wafer and ingot quality, while enabling more precise adjustments of furnace and other production parameters, thereby increasing the electrical quality and mechanical strength of both wafers and cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a system for establishing correspondence between wafer and solar cells produced from the wafers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram illustrating an example of wafer manufacture.    silicon ingot (1)    smaller ingots (2)    silicon wafer (3)
NOVELTY - Production of a high hydrogen storage capacity solid comprising lithium nitride (Li3N) involves (a) oxidizing a portion of a surface of a solid; at least partially hydrogenating the solid from (a) and (c) at least partially dehydrogenating the solid from (b).    USE - For preparing high hydrogen storage capacity solid (claimed) useful in portable hydrogen fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid has high hydrogen storage capacity of at least 5 (preferably 6) wt.%, high reversibility and fast reaction time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solid comprises Li3N.
NOVELTY - A screen (5) is arranged at a non-contact state w.r.t. an electrolyte film acting as a base (2), and a voltage is applied between them. Electrode powder (10) is made to adhere to an elastic feed roller (7) and the feed roller is rotated in a press contact state with the screen, so that the electrode powder moves to the base by electrostatic force and extrusion force of the feed roller.    USE - Used for forming a catalyst layer on a base material during the production of a membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The variation in the thickness of the catalyst layer by the electrostatic force and the disorder of the outline can be reduced, producing a membrane electrode assembly with a high product manufacturing accuracy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a catalyst layer formation apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the catalyst layer formation apparatus.    base (2)    screen (5)    elastic feed roller (7)    electrode powder (10)    catalyst layer formation apparatus (A)
NOVELTY - A Hydrogen storage composition (C1) comprises alkali/alkaline earth metal and group 13 element containing amide.    USE - For storing and releasing hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage composition have hydrogenated and dehydrogenated state provides storing hydrogen and releasing hydrogen by reacting a nitride and a hydride composition; and improves hydrogen storage material compositions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen storage composition (C1) comprises alkali/alkaline earth metal and group 13 element containing amide of formula M'xM''yNzHd (I), where M', M'', x, y and d are maintain electro neutrality.    M'= a cation (preferably Li, Ca, Na, Mg, K and/or Be);    x=greater than 50 - less than about 53;    M''=a cation composition comprising a Group 13 element of the Periodic Table;    y= greater than 5 - less than 34;    N=nitrogen; and    z=greater than 16 - less than 45;    H=hydrogen and in a fully hydrogenated state;    d=greater than 110 - less than 177.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) storing hydrogen involves: reacting a nitride having at least one cation other than hydrogen with a hydride having at least one cation other than hydrogen to form a hydrogen storage composition comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and at least one of the cation other than hydrogen derived from the nitride and derived from the hydride respectively; and    (2) releasing hydrogen involves: reacting a hydrogen storage nitride composition having at least one cation other than hydrogen with a hydrogen storage hydride composition having at least one cation other than hydrogen to releases hydrogen and forms at least one byproduct compounds comprising nitrogen and at least one of the cation other than hydrogen derived from the nitride composition and from the hydride composition respectively.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of semiconductor device comprises forming a film over a substrate, the film having lower and upper surfaces; forming an insulating film on the upper surface of the film, the insulating film having opening portion(s); forming second opening portion(s) corresponding to the first opening portion at the film by laser beam; and removing the insulating film.    USE - For manufacturing semiconductor device, e.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The protective film can be removed without complex process by peeling an adhesive tape and protective film at the same time after the adhesive tape is bonded to the protective film. By providing the protective film at the laser beam process, particles of powder condition generating from a part of work are prevented from sticking directly at the semiconductor layer so that the semiconductor is prevented to damage. By removing the protective film after laser beam process, particles of powder condition get in the inside of the semiconductor layer and drop out by the forming process of the upper electrode even at screen-printing process so that shortage of lower electrode when forming the upper electrode is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a view describing a process producing a solar battery using protective film at laser beam process.    Insulators (108a-b)    Upper electrodes (113a-c)
NOVELTY - A gasket mixture comprises (parts by weight (pbw)) fluoroelastomer particulate (a1); optionally inert particulate (b1) (10 - 50); curing agent (c1) (0.5 - 20); and magnesium oxide reduction-agent particulate (d1) (5 - 50).    USE - In a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - (G1) provides a long-term robust interface for sealing fuel cells where no coating is needed to hold the gasket to any plates of the fuel cell and where the gasket can be periodically removed and then easily reused in reassembly of the fuel cell. (G1) has excellent conformability, good high temperature robustness, excellent resistance to electrolytic and moisture attack, low permeation rate, strength with resiliency, abrasion resistance, solvent resistance, good tensile and elongation properties, reduced cost, and good adhesion to metals, graphite, composites, and other materials having a high surface tension.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gasket mixture (G1) comprises (parts by weight (pbw)) fluoroelastomer particulate (a1) (100) derived from vinylidene-fluoride, hexafluoropropene and tetrafluoroethylene, and having a Mooney viscosity of 25 - 75, fluorine (65 - 69 atomic wt.%), fluoroterpolymer (at least 90 wt.%) and halogenated crosslink sites; optionally inert particulate (b1) (10 - 50) having particle sizes less than 250 mesh; curing agent (c1) (0.5 - 20) crosslinking (a1) to generate cured fluoroelastomer and hydrogen ions; and magnesium oxide reduction-agent particulate (d1) (5 - 50) having particle size less than 250 mesh, and having a BET surface area of 40 - 70 m2/g. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell, comprising bipolar plate; membrane electrode assembly; and (G1) interposed between the plate and the assembly.
NOVELTY - A catalyst-combustion device (1) has a combustion chamber (2) with several obstacle plates (3) installed along the inner surface. Each plate comprises catalyst layer (4) formed along the outer surface, for combustion of fuel ejected from fuel cell, by supply of air into the chamber through an inlet (6).    USE - For mobile telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), notebook-type personal computer (PC) and video camera, and also for electrically-driven motor scooter.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the purification rate of harmful substance contained in ejected fuel, while reducing the pressure loss.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the catalyst-combustion device.    Catalyst-combustion device (1)    Combustion chamber (2)    Obstacle plates (3)    Catalyst layer (4)    Inlet (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (100) includes a pump (14) to circulate fluorocarbon as liquid which dissolves oxygen and water between cathode (5) of fuel cell (1) and heat exchanger (11) which cools the fluorocarbon.    USE - Fuel cell system e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) system mounted on vehicle for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Enables appropriate ejection of water to the exterior of fuel cell, and also achieves size reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (1)    cathode (5)    heat exchanger (11)    pump (14)    fuel cell system (100)
NOVELTY - A combustor (20) has a reaction tube (21) with a side-reaction portion (21A) and a main-reaction portion (21B). A fuel gas supplied to the side-reaction portion is ignited intermittently to produce detonation. A source gas supplied to the main-reaction portion is compressed by the shock wave produced by detonation and is heated up accompanying compression, so that it is reformed to produce hydrogen-containing gas.    USE - Apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas using town gas as raw material, used in hydrogen production system, and for producing fuel by recycling carbon monoxide produced during manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is easily manufactured from the source gas comprising a hydrocarbon gas, using the energy produced by detonation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    apparatus (10)    combustor (20)    reaction tube (21)    side-reaction portion (21A)    main-reaction portion (21B)
NOVELTY - A supply piping (4) supplying shift gas into a reaction container (2) accommodating a catalyst layer (3), has several gas outflow-holes (4C) formed at its side walls, so that the flow rate of gas from upstream side to downstream side of supply piping becomes gradually smaller.    USE - Carbon monoxide selective-oxidation reactor for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables adjusting appropriately the flow rate of hydrogen-rich shift gas into catalyst layer, and suppressing that the temperature of catalyst layer rises rapidly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of carbon monoxide selective-oxidation reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction container (2)    catalyst layer (3)    gas supply piping (4)    gas outflow holes (4C)    shift gas exhaust port (6)
NOVELTY - An injection apparatus (11) injects naphthalene to the reactor (10) with catalyst (12). The hydrogen gas supply apparatus (20) supplies hydrogen gas on the catalyst so that the hydrogenated decalin on the catalyst disperse.    USE - The producing organic hydrate used as fuel for fuel cell in vehicle, ship, electric vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Is compact. The reaction is advanced rapidly and continuously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogenation reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    injection apparatus (11)    catalyst (12)    hydrogen gas supply apparatus (20)    storage tank (30)    controller (100)
NOVELTY - A metal mesh electrode (10) is connected to a cathode at a position that is separated at a predetermined distance from a surface parallel to a cathode board (11).    USE - For use in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus for etching apparatus used for manufacturing thin film semiconductor used in fine crystal silicon or amorphous silicon type thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures precise and high speed film formation on the substrate by using high density plasma. Reduces the effect of heat of the high density plasma on the substrate by setting the substrate in non-contact state with respect to the plasma.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plasma CVD apparatus.    Reaction container (1)    Alternating current power supply (2)    Substrate (6)    Anode (8)    Mesh electrode (10)    Cathode board (11)
NOVELTY - A titanium oxide included reflection prevention layer (3) and a zinc oxide included reflection prevention layer (3) are formed between the transparent conductive layer (10) and the photoelectric conversion layer (4) in which the refractive index of the titanium oxide included reflection prevention layer lies between refractive indexes of transparent conductive layer and the photoelectric converting layer.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent conductive layer sharply decreases the reflection loss of incident light so improving the light conversion efficiency and output electric current of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of the solar cell.    Solar cell (1)    Reflection prevention layer (3)    Photoelectric conversion layer (4)    Rear side reflective electrode layer (5)    Transparent substrate (9)    Transparent conductive layer (10)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion layer (7) has P-type semiconductor layer (7a), intrinsic layer (7b) containing fine crystal semiconductor, buffer layer (13) and N-type semiconductor layer (7c) that are laminated in order. The crystallization rate of N-type semiconductor layer is lower than crystallization rate of intrinsic layer.    USE - Used for e.g. fine crystal solar cell and amorphous silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The interface state between intrinsic layer and conductivity type layer is reduced and photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of solar cell.    Photoelectric conversion layer (7)    P-type semiconductor layer (7a)    Intrinsic layer (7b)    N-type semiconductor layer (7c)    Buffer layer (13)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer (11) has mutually opposed electrodes (2,3) formed on a substrate (1), and an organic dye thin film (4) consisting of an organic dye, provided between the electrodes. The organic dye thin film is a J-associated thin film.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer is economical and efficient. The solar cell utilizing the transducer has high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell using the optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the structure of the optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (1)    electrodes (2,3)    organic dye thin film (4)    optoelectric transducer (11)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive paste contains an organic binder, a solvent, a glass frit, an electroconductive powder, and powder of metal or metallic compound of titanium, bismuth, zinc, yttrium, indium and/or molybdenum. The average particle diameter of the metal or metallic compound is 0.001-0.1 microns.    USE - For solar cell (claimed) used for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive paste has high conduction property and adhesive power. The electroconductive paste provides solar cell with high electric power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell (1); and    (2) manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of a solar cell.    Solar cell (1)    Antireflective layer (2)    Silicon substrate (3)    pn junction (4)    Reverse side electrode (5)
NOVELTY - The transducer has an extraction electrode (14) whose one portion is projected on outer side of a sealing agent (15). A nosing is supported by the outer side of the extraction electrode by the sealing agent.    USE - Used for e.g. dye sensitizing type opto-electric transducer.    ADVANTAGE - The need for shifting the substrates and positioning along the surface direction are avoided so the assembly of the transducer is performed simply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top and cross-sections of the optoelectric transducer.    Transducer (1)    Substrates (3,11)    Electrodes (5,9)    Extraction electrode (14)    Sealing agent (15)
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer has a semiconductor layer containing semiconductor particles (9) as main component and boehmite particles (7).    USE - Used for e.g. dye-sensitized solar cell used as power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has excellent stability, quality and photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of semiconductor layer of optoelectric transducer.    Boehmite particle (7)    Semiconductor particle (9)    Amorphous organic substance binder (B)
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion apparatus has an electron transporting layer (3) on a transparent electrode (2). The electron transporting layer consists of a pigment (4). The transparent electrode contains zinc-doped tin oxide, zinc-doped indium oxide or their complex oxide.    USE - For e.g. dye-sensitized solar cell and optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion apparatus has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and heat resistance. The transparent electrode has favorable optical and electrical property, and improved etching workability. The patterning of photoelectric conversion apparatus during integration is simply enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Transparent board (1)    Transparent electrode (2)    Electron carrying layer (3)    Pigment (4)    Counter electrode (5)
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion apparatus has a metal oxide semiconductor (3) containing pigment (4) formed on a transparent electrode (2). The transparent electrode contains element(s) of groups (III-V).    USE - For solar cell and optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion apparatus has high reliability and efficiency. The adhesion between transparent electrode and metal oxide semiconductor is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transparent electrode contains trioxide, indium oxide and/or zinc-acid compound or its oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Metal substrate (1)    Transparent electrode (2)    Metal oxide semiconductor (3)    Pigment (4)    Counter electrode (5)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte composition contains an oxidation-reduction compound, and cyclodextrin and/or cyclodextrin derivative.    USE - In optoelectric transducer (claimed) such as dye-sensitized solar cell and wet solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte composition enables improvement of the short-circuit current value and conversion efficiency of optoelectric transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectric transducer, which uses the electrolyte composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross section of the optoelectric transducer.    transparent electroconductive substrate (1)    counter-electrode substrate (2)    semiconductor layer (3)    electrolyte layer (4)    sealant (5)
NOVELTY - A solar-power generation module (33) has a heat insulation portion (44) which covers the portions except a contact surface of an electric-power generation cell (40). A cooling unit (43) having a cold-storage function, contacts the rear side of a light-receiving surface of the cell. The cooling unit has a cooling pipe (45) through which a cooling-medium passes.    USE - Solar-power generation apparatus with cooling unit utilizing cold air produced during operation of heat pump type water heater installed in building, which is installed in building roof in order to generate electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling of the cell is carried out efficiently even if the temperature of the cell rises in daytime, hence the temperature of the solar-power generation module is not raised. The reduction in the power generation efficiency of the module is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the solar-power generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar-power generation module (33)    electric-power generation cell (40)    cooling unit (43)    heat insulation portion (44)    cooling pipe (45)
NOVELTY - Multilayered structure consists of combination of bi pyridinium (BP) layers (3,10,11) having p or n type electroconductivity crystal silicon.    USE - For multi-junction type solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Achieves desired and more efficient solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) multi-junction type solar cell; and    (b) solar cell structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    silver electrodes (1)    BP layers (3,10,11)    silicon layers (4)
NOVELTY - A plastic composite transparent sheet comprises a setting resin and a fibrous inorganic filler (b) as essential component, and powder form inorganic filler (c) adhered on the surface of the filler (b). The average particle diameter of the filler (c) is 5-100 nm.    USE - For display element (claimed), optical sheet, substrate for liquid crystal display, electroluminescent display element, color filter, touch panel and solar cell, transparent sheet, optical lens, optical element, optical waveguide and light emitting diode sealing agent.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic composite transparent sheet has excellent surface smoothness, transparency, heat-resisting property and solvent resistance. The sheet has little birefringence property and small linear expansion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for display element having the plastic composite transparent sheet.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply and storage apparatus has hydrogen supply material, metal block and flow path of heated heat-medium fluid. Apparatus supplies and stores hydrogen using dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction in between hydrogen storage materials consisting of aromatic compound which reacts and stores hydrogen. Catalyst required for dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction is attached to metal surface of metal block.    USE - For supplying and storing hydrogen used as fuel for thermal power generation, nuclear power generation and electric power generation, and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen supply and storage apparatus has high efficiency, and improves reaction efficiency of dehydrogenation and hydrogenation reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen supply and storage apparatus has hydrogen supply material, metal block and flow path of heated heat-medium fluid. The apparatus supplies and stores hydrogen using dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction in between the hydrogen storage materials consisting of aromatic compound which reacts with hydrogen and stores hydrogen. The catalyst required for dehydrogenation or hydrogenation reaction is attached to the metal surface of metal block. The flow path of heated heat-medium fluid is located inside the metal block.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the metal block in the hydrogen supply and storage apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst unit (11)    flow path inlet (12)    flow path exit (13)
NOVELTY - The fluid separation filter (1) consists of ceramic fluid separation membrane (3) on surface(s) of porous support material (2). The ceramic fluid separation membrane contains silicon, titanium, zirconium and/or group 3a elements.    USE - For separating gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and methane from factory waste and petroleum field. The fluid separation filter is also used in foodstuffs industry, medical device, water treatment plant and desalination plant for water purification. The fluid separation filter is used as deoxygenation membrane and hydrogen separation membrane in the micro reaction of the fuel cell and chemo synthesis which generates electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The fluid separation filter has excellent water resisting property, selectivity and permeability. The fluid separation filter has improved deterioration of transmissive character and separation character.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The group 3a element is lutetium, ytterbium, dysprosium, erbium, and/or europium. The ceramic fluid separation membrane consists of amorphous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the fluid separation filter.    fluid separation filter (1)    porous support medical (2)    ceramic fluid separation membrane (3)    pore (4)    intermediate layer (5)
NOVELTY - This invention discloses a conductive grid method of a dye sensitive solar cell, which comprises the following steps: first to deposit ink on the conductive grid by wire printing method to let the inkcover the grid; then to solidify the ink to form ink protection film. By the above method, it uses wire printing machine orderly to realize the ink printing of conductive grid and avoid the cutting and stretching steps and its needed devices of heat melting glue protective film.
NOVELTY - Providing an improved sealant composition suitable for use with electrochemical cell components, especially fuel cells.    USE - As fuel cell (claimed); for bonding and sealing plastic or plastic-containing fuel cell components, such as membrane electrode assemblies, fluid flow plates and/or proton exchange membrane.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell has improved sealing against leakage. The electrochemical cell has improved sealant composition that is useful adhesive for plastic or plastic containing materials of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical cell (E1) comprises a first electrochemical cell component having a mating surface; a cured sealant composition (c1) disposed over the mating surface of the first electrochemical cell component and a second electrochemical cell component having a mating surface disposed over (c1) to provide a seal. (c1) Comprises reaction products of a polymerizable (meth)acrylate component and a boron-containing initiator.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for manufacture of electrochemical cell involving either applying (c1) to the mating surface of first or second electrochemical cell component, curing (c1) and aligning the two mating surfaces; or aligning the mating surface of second cell component with the matting surface of first cell components and then applying (c1) to at least one portion of first or second cell component followed by curing.
NOVELTY - Glass comprises (wt.%): silicon dioxide (67-75), sodium oxide (less than or equal to13), calcium oxide (5-15), aluminum oxide (less than or equal to1.0), magnesium oxide (1-8), and total iron (expressed as iron oxide) (0.01-1.0), where the glass has a USPX derived from unites states pharmacopeia value of less than or equal to6.25.    USE - The glass is useful for architectural windows, patterned glass applications, solar cells, and/or automotive windows. It is used in the automotive industry (e.g. windshields, backlights, and side windows).    ADVANTAGE - The glass has improved (i.e. lower) USPX value, to have improved durability and stain resistance, and/or improved (i.e. lower) cool time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making glass, comprising melting a glass batch in a furnace; forwarding the melt via a tin bath via a float process, to form a soda lime silica based glass having a USPX value of less than or equal to6.25 and a setting time of less than or equal to100 seconds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a graph plotting stain susceptibility for glass versus USPX number.
NOVELTY - The method involves providing a surface having a degree of roughness. The surface is exposed, at substrate temperature from about three hundred degree centigrade to about five hundred degree centigrade, to a PF3 that comprises atmosphere under conditions effective to form another surface. The latter surface has another degree of roughness which is greater than the former degree of roughness.    USE - Used for forming a catalytic surface of integrated circuit capacitor electrodes. Also for roughening surfaces in e.g. a fuel cell, automatic catalytic converter and a heterogeneous catalyst (all claimed), that are utilized in chemical processing.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the surface area of the capacitor electrodes facilitates maximum capacitance between an electrode and a capacitor dielectric region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming a capacitor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagrammatic sectional view of a semiconductor wafer fragment.    Substrate (12)    Layer (14)    Secondary substrate surface (18)    Capacitor (42)    Capacitor dielectric layer (44)
NOVELTY - A compact reactor comprises a reactor main body, and a base plate. The main body has an inner space formed in it. The base plate is so intervened to separate the inner space of the reactor main body into two areas and through which the through holes are bored in a thickness-wise direction.    USE - For use with fuel cell used in making power generator.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is capable of reducing pressure loss and supporting lot of catalyst. IT allows reactant to react uniformly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a power generator (1) comprising a reactor, and fuel cells. The fuel cell generates power with fuel reformed by the reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the power generation.    Power generator (1)
NOVELTY - Providing an apparatus comprising a modifier for modifying a hydrogen-containing fuel (A) to form a modified gas and containing a modifying unit for modifying (A), whereby the apparatus is a simple and compact arrangement capable of efficiently modifying a hydrogen-containing fuel.    USE - For manufacturing a fuel gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel gas manufacturing apparatus is simple and of compact arrangement capable of efficiently modifying the hydrogen-containing fuel. The hydrogen-containing fuel supply mechanism needs no dedicated pump and is reduced in size and simplified structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An apparatus comprises a modifier for modifying a hydrogen-containing fuel (A) to form a modified gas and containing a modifying unit for modifying (A), (A) supply mechanism (M1) for supplying (A), a modifying air supply mechanism (M2) for supplying modifying air; and an ejector for mixing (A) delivered from (M1) and the modifying air delivered from (M2) and supplying it to the modifying unit.
NOVELTY - A catalyst supporting method involves forming a layered unit; electrically connecting an anode catalyst layer of the layered unit to a cathode catalyst layer of the layered unit, through a conductive path; and generating a metal catalyst by reduction of a metal catalyst precursor included in the anode/cathode, by an oxidation process at the anode/cathode not including the catalyst, and a reduction process at anode/cathode using electrons generated during oxidation.    USE - Used for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (claimed) useful for generating electricity for a vehicle, a system for stationing, an electric/electronic device and various kinds of mobile device.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst supporting method provides the polymer electrolyte fuel cell with a high level of catalytic activity and a high cell voltage. The precursor of catalyst metal included in the several catalyst layers of anodes and/or cathodes can be integrally and simultaneously reduced, making the quality of the catalyst included in catalyst layers of membrane electrode assemblies, uniform, and forming an arrangement that contributes to enhance the generation of electricity. In addition, the manufacturing costs of the fuel cell can be reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The generation of catalyst metal by reduction of catalyst precursor is the catalyst supporting step, which involves supplying hydrogen gas or a hydrogen-containing gas to the anode/cathode not including the catalyst metal, to serve as a reducer gas. In the catalyst supporting step, inert gas or air is supplied to the anode/cathode. The layered unit is formed of a gas diffusion layer of the anode, the catalyst layer of the anode, a proton-conductive polymer membrane, the catalyst layer of the cathode and a gas diffusion layer of the cathode, arranged in a sequential order.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a catalyst supporting step for the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell for generating electricity from organic material comprises two compartments, each containing an electrode system comprising an electrode on the inside of a water-permeable membrane, an external circuit, and a pump for transferring protons from the first compartment via the membrane to the second compartment.    USE - Used as a fuel cell for generating electricity from organic material, especially in waste water.    ADVANTAGE - The pump eliminates scale-up problems associated with limited proton transfer through membranes (compare WO2001004061).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a series of two or more fuel cells as above;    (2) an electrode system comprising an electrode on the inside of a water-permeable membrane;    (3) a series of two or more electrode systems as above; and    (4) generating electricity from organic material in a fuel cell as above by anaerobically generating protons and electrons from the organic material by means of electrochemically active microorganisms in the first compartment, transferring the electrons from the first compartment to the second compartment through the external circuit, transferring the protons from the first compartment to the second compartment by means of the pump, reacting the protons and electrons with oxygen in the second compartment to produce water, and withdrawing water from the second compartment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an electrode system as above.    Membrane header (20)    Conductor wire (23)    Membrane (24)    Conductive material (25)    Spacer. (26)
NOVELTY - The method involves circulating cleaning fluid to inside of the reformer (20), so as to eject foreign material outside the reformer.    USE - For fuel-cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Removes the foreign material inside the reformer easily, using a simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel-cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the fuel-cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel-cell (10)    reformer (20)    catalyst (50a,60a)    carbon monoxide purification unit (60)
NOVELTY - The method involves stopping hydrogen production apparatus according to stop processing pattern judged according to detection abnormality when start up signal of hydrogen production apparatus is input.    USE - For domestic hydrogen production apparatus for producing hydrogen supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables appropriate stopping of hydrogen production apparatus and to maintain hydrogen production apparatus easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the control apparatus of domestic hydrogen production apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    stop processing pattern (122a-122f)    normal stop processing pattern (138)
NOVELTY - The various operating modes of hydrogen rich fuel gas purification apparatus (10) is detected, when start-up signal is input. Self correction processing is performed corresponding to the detected abnormal mode of the apparatus.    USE - For starting purification apparatus which purifies hydrogen rich fuel gas which is sent into fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The self diagnostics of abnormality and self correction of abnormality in the apparatus is performed before starting reliably. Thus reduces the burden of the operator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel gas purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel gas purification apparatus (10)    pressure sensors (104a-104c)    temperature sensors (106a-106h)
NOVELTY - 2C or more hydrocarbon is reacted with water vapor in presence of modification catalyst (2) at 300-550degreesC and hydrogen is produced. The concentration of the hydrocarbon is reduced during the process. The hydrogen produced is separated with hydrogen permeable film and high purity hydrogen is obtained. The unreacted hydrocarbon and water vapor are reacted at 500-700degreesC to obtain hydrogen.    USE - For producing hydrogen used as fuel gas of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen having high thermal efficiency is manufactured with high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - 2C or more hydrocarbon is reacted with water vapor in presence of modification catalyst at 300-550degreesC and hydrogen is produced. The concentration of the hydrocarbon is reduced during the process. The hydrogen produced is separated with hydrogen permeable film and high purity hydrogen is obtained. The unreacted hydrocarbon and water vapor are reacted at 500-700degreesC to obtain hydrogen. Water vapor and hydrocarbon (S/C) are reacted in the ratio of 4 or less.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production apparatus (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the right sectional drawing of hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen production apparatus (1)    modification catalyst (2)    reactor (3)    burner (4)    hydrogen outlet tube (5)
NOVELTY - Metal particle having high ionization tendency and with average particle diameter of 5 mm or less, is reacted with water, aqueous acid or alkaline aqueous acid, to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is supplied to small fuel cell.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to small fuel cell used in portable apparatus (claimed), such as notebook personal computer and mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - High purity hydrogen which does not contain carbon dioxide, can be produced with simple apparatus and at normal temperature. Electric power can be generated, by supplying hydrogen to fuel cell, and hydrogen production raw material is exhausted, thereby extending run length.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metal (M) of the metal particle is chosen from magnesium, aluminum, zinc, iron, nickel and/or tin. Alternately, the metal has a combination of metal(s) chosen from copper, mercury, silver, platinum and gold, and metal (M). The acid component of aqueous acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid or carbonic acid. The alkali component of the alkaline aqueous solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen supply apparatus; and    (2) fuel cell for portable apparatus mounting.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell used in portable apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    containers (1,2)    liquid supply path (3)    hydrophilic film (5)    hydrogen supply path (7)    hydrogen storage container (8)
NOVELTY - Several mask layers (92) are formed at predetermined intervals on the upper surface of the base (91). The zinc oxide buffer layer (93) is formed on base, between the mask layers. The zinc oxide layer (94) is formed on base using the mask as selective growth mask layer. The thickness of the buffer layer at vicinity of mask layer, is smaller than the thickness at center section of the buffer layer.    USE - For forming zinc oxide layer in semiconductor element (claimed) such as semiconductor laser, LED, field effect transistor (FET), photodiode and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Dislocation propagated in the vertical direction is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the semiconductor layer.    base (91)    mask layer (92)    overhang portion (92a)    zinc oxide thin buffer film (93)    zinc oxide layer (94)
NOVELTY - An organic photoelectric conversion device is a bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion device having mixture of an electron donor and an electronic acceptor in one layer. The device has a hole nano transport path and/or an electronic nano transport path formed at electronic donor and acceptor portions by hydrogen bond between donors and acceptors, respectively.    USE - For organic solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The organic photoelectric conversion device has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The organic solar cell is simply manufactured using the conversion device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for organic solar cell which consists of bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the formation of hole nano transport path and electronic nano transport path. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An amorphous silicon film (05), the diffusion prevention layers (03,04) and an optical absorption layer (02) are formed in predetermined order on a quartz substrate (01). The amorphous silicon film is crystallized by irradiating rectangular laser beams having wavelengths of about 750-900 nm generated by a semiconductor laser onto the optical absorption layer.    USE - Manufacturing semiconductor device e.g. solar cell, thin film transistor (TFT) for liquid crystal display (LCD), etc.    ADVANTAGE - Large area of the amorphous silicon film can be crystallized by using simple technique so improving the throughput. Allows usage of small semiconductor laser for laser beam generation to reduce processing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the semiconductor device before laser beam irradiation.    Quartz substrate (01)    Optical absorption layer (02)    Dffusion prevention layers (03,04)    Amorphous silicon layer (05)
NOVELTY - An inspection apparatus (70) continuously inspects transparent electrode film formed on substrate having identification marker comprising two-dimensional code, once electrode film is formed. A quality-control apparatus manages inspection result corresponding to identification mark.    USE - For manufacturing thin-film solar-cell such as amorphous-silicon solar cell and tandem type fine-crystal silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since quality of solar cell is inspected during manufacture, yield of thin-film solar cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for testing method in thin-film solar-cell manufacturing system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of solar cell manufacturing plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    amorphous-silicon film (5)    laser etching apparatus (7)    sealing agent (13)    clean room (30)    inspection apparatus (70)
NOVELTY - Carrier transport layer (4) formed between support (1) and counter electrode, consists of porous semiconductor (6) and pigments (5). The counter electrode has corrugated surface whose surface roughness coefficient is 1-03 or more.    USE - For solar cell (claimed), optical switching device, and photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectronic transducer having outstanding photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model sectional view of the dye sensitizing solar cell.    support (1)    electroconductive film (2)    carrier transport layer (4)    pigment (5)    porous semiconductor (6)
NOVELTY - The electrode comprises a catalyst layer formed using a catalyst paste containing an electrolyte dissolved in a solvent, electrolyte particles and catalyst supported particles. The catalyst supported particles contain carrier particles supporting metal catalyst.    USE - Used for polymer electrolyte fuel cells for motor vehicles and electric power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst layer in the electrode has favorable three-phase surface amount.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the measurement result of battery characteristic of a fuel cell with a catalyst layer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A mixer (2) mixes the source gas and steam generated from a steam-generator (1) by heating water in a water storage (6) using combustion gas of combustor (5). A reformer (3) generates hydrogen-rich reforming gas by auto-oxidation of source gas. A combustion-gas circulation line (9) is provided to surround the heat-radiating section of the reformer.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to control the temperature of the reformer easily and efficiently by reducing the heat energy transmitting from the reformer. Improves thermal efficiency of the steam generator. Reduces size of the steam reforming system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the steam-reforming system.    steam-generator (1)    mixer (2)    reformer (3)    combustor (5)    water storage (6)    combustion-gas circulation line (9)
NOVELTY - The fullerene surface-treated fine particles consist of fullerene on surface of fine particles containing inorganic material.    USE - Used as filler for composite material, solar cell, lithium ion secondary cell, conductor, ultraviolet absorber and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fullerene surface-treated fine particles have excellent surface stability. The composite material produced using the fine particles has improved dimensional stability and heat-resisting property. Since the surface of the inorganic material is processed with fullerene, the inorganic material and the polymer in the composite material have improved affinity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the measurement result of isothermal adsorption line of fullerene surface-treated fine particles. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A film containing alumina and molybdenum trioxide is formed. The alumina-molybdenum trioxide film is subjected to heat processing to give a catalyst support.    USE - Used for the production of a catalyst support used for forming a catalyst film (both claimed). The catalyst support is used for a combustion catalyst for a gas engine or gas turbine, or a steam-vapor modification catalyst for a solid polymeric fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process effectively forms an alumina-molybdenum trioxide film on the substrate. The molybdenum trioxide in the film is sublimated by heat processing. Therefore, the surface area of the catalyst support is increased. A catalyst support with several reaction active points is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a catalyst support;    (2) the production of a catalyst film by supporting a catalytically active component on the catalyst support; and    (3) a catalyst film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an apparatus for forming a catalyst support and catalyst film.    chamber (1)    substrate (2)    substrate holder (3)    nozzle (4)    powder feeder (5)
NOVELTY - Platinum group compound and titanium oxide in alcohol-water mixed liquid is irradiated with ultraviolet light or visible light such that platinum group element is precipitated on titanium oxide to form photocatalyst.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen gas (claimed) used for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photocatalyst has high hydrogen gas formation rate. The production carbon monoxide during the formation of hydrogen gas is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Titanium oxide is anatase type titanium oxide. Platinum group compound is hexachloroplatinic acid.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of hydrogen gas.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has a temperature/humidity exchanger for performing heat exchange and moisture content exchange between gas flows of two materials by arranging a temperature/humidity exchange film (3) in two sorts of flow paths (1,2) of a gas flow. The support (4), which supports the exchange film is produced with resin in which hydrophilic elastomer is dispersed.    USE - As fuel cell for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is economical and has high durability and output characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of temperature/humidity exchanger of fuel cell.    flow paths (1,2)    temperature/humidity exchange film (3)    support (4)    outer-side support (5)
NOVELTY - Electrode (10) has a semiconductor film (14) formed on a base film. The base film comprises a thermally-stable polymer film (11) with the semiconductor film formed at one surface and a general purpose film (16) laminated to the other surface.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrode has excellent economical efficiency, electric-power-generation efficiency, handleability, manufacturing efficiency, reflection-prevention function and rigidity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - General purpose film has a laminate of a non-fluororesin film and a fluororesin film. The non-fluororesin film is polyethylene-terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polyamide film. The thermally-stable-polymer film is polyimide, polyether sulfone, polyamidoimide, polyether ether ketone, or polyphenylene sulfide film. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrode (10)    thermally-stable polymer film (11)    auxiliary electrode (12)    semiconductor film (14)    general purpose film (16)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitizing type semiconductor electrode (11), a spacer (12) and a counter electrode (13) are sequentially laminated and inserted into a bag (15). An electrolyte solution (14) is poured into the bag and the bag is interposed between polymer films. The polymer films are pinched by a pinching mechanism which is moved towards the opening side so that a chuck (15a) is closed to seal surroundings of the polymer films.    USE - For manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Sealing process of electrolyte is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of process of manufacturing the dye-sensitized solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Dye-sensitizing type semiconductor electrode (11)    Spacer (12)    Counter electrode (13)    Electrolyte solution (14)    Bag (15)    Chuck (15a)
NOVELTY - A light guide plate (3) guides a light from lamp (4) to cholesteric liquid crystal film (7) which transmits polarized light (B) to polarizing plate (1b), while reflecting other light components to guide plate side. The plate (1b) transmits polarized light to liquid crystal cell (2), through gap (23) between solar cells (21) which performs photoelectric conversion by external light while reflecting light to cell.    USE - Liquid crystal display (LCD) such as twisted neumatic (TN) LCD, guest-host LCD, electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) LCD, super twisted birefringence effect (SBE) LCD, transmissive LCD, semi transmisive LCD for personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile telephone, notebook personal computer (PC), video camera and calculator.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells generate electric power from the fixed light quantity of the light source effectively, without impairing the visibility of the LCD. Hence, a power saving can be achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the liquid crystal display.    polarizing plate (1b)    liquid crystal cell (2)    light guide plate (3)    fluorescent lamp (4)    cholesteric liquid crystal containing film (7)    wavelength plate (8)    dye-senstized solar cell (21)    light transmissive region (23)    circular polarized light components (A,B,C)
NOVELTY - In a fuel cell system with a hydrogen feed line (3) to the anode (2) and an oxygen feed line (5) (including a compressor (23)) to the cathode (4), where the oxygen feed line (5) contains a compressor (23) for increasing the oxygen pressure to a value suitable for operating the fuel cell (1), the oxygen feed line includes a device (21) for enriching the oxygen-containing feed gas with oxygen, upstream of the compressor.    USE - The use of the system is claimed for ensuring the traction of an automobile and ensuring the supply of electrical devices (such as auxiliary power units (APU)) in the automobile. The system may also be used to supply other auxiliary devices in automobiles (e.g. air conditioning); or more generally in any application requiring a supply of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Oxygen enrichment is useful for optimizing the electrical performance of the fuel cell relative to the electricity consumed in the compression of the oxygen, so that the amount of power available for traction (in the case of automobiles) is maximized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a corresponding method of feeding oxygen to the cathode (4) of a fuel cell (1), where the oxygen-containing feed gas is enriched with oxygen before being compressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a synoptic view of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell (1)    Anode (2)    Hydrogen feed line (3)    Cathode (4)    Oxygen feed line (5)    Burner feed line (6)    Burner (7)    Fuel inlet (7a)    Anode exhaust gas outlet (8)    Cathode exhaust gas outlet (9)    Expansion turbine (11)    Electric motor (12)    Cooling system (14)    Air inlet (17)    Air filter (19)    Filtered air supply line (20)    Oxygen enrichment device (21)    Oxygen compressor (23)    Nitrogen-enriched air outlet (25)    Diversion circuit (26)    Valves (27, 28)    Gas pipe (29)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system (200) has fuel cell (210) having electrolyte, cathode, anode, cathode channel (214), and anode channel (212); hydrogen permeable metal layer degradation prevention section to reduce partial pressure of hydrogen in anode channel; temperature parameter acquisition section; and fuel cell controller (230).    USE - Used as fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents degradation of hydrogen permeable metal layer in fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system comprises fuel cell having electrolyte, cathode at a side of the electrolyte, anode with hydrogen permeable metal layer provided at other side of the electrolyte, cathode channel for supplying oxidizing gas to the cathode, and anode channel for supplying fuel gas containing hydrogen to the anode; hydrogen permeable metal layer degradation prevention section to reduce partial pressure of hydrogen in the anode channel for preventing degradation of hydrogen permeable metal layer; temperature parameter acquisition section to acquire a parameter relating to temperature of hydrogen permeable metal layer; and fuel cell controller for controlling an operation state of the fuel cell system, and is provided with degradation prevention mode for causing the hydrogen permeable metal layer degradation prevention section to operate when the temperature of the metal layer represented by the temperature parameter deviates from a predetermined temperature range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration showing arrangement of fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (200)    Fuel cell (210)    Anode channel (212)    Cathode channel (214)    Reformer (220)    Fuel cell controller (230)
NOVELTY - A system for producing hydrogen-rich stream comprises a fuel processing reactor comprising a reaction zone and a reforming catalyst disposed in the reaction zone for converting a feed stream to a reformate stream comprising hydrogen; and a system for mixing a water stream, a hydrogen-rich stream, and a hydrocarbon stream forming the feed stream that is fed to the reaction zone.    USE - For producing hydrogen-rich stream and hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system processes sulfur-laden hydrocarbon fuel while preventing the formation of coke and metal sulfides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a system for producing hydrogen; and    (2) production of a hydrogen-rich stream.
NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst is formed by loading a carrier containing manganese oxide, alumina and compound(s) chosen from lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide and zirconium oxide with noble-metal component(s). The noble-metal component(s) is chosen from ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, palladium and iridium.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell system (both claimed) used for motor vehicles and industries.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst has high catalyst activity, and is capable of maintaining the strength (such as compressive strength) of the carrier even after a long thermal treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The support further contains silicon oxide formed from silicon compound such as tetraethoxysilane. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst further contains alkali-metal component or alkaline-earth metal component.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) manufacture of hydrogen using hydrocarbon reforming catalyst; and    (2) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart of outline of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vaporizer (1)    water feed pipe (2)    fuel tank (21)    desulfurizer (23)    modifier (31)    fuel cell (34)
NOVELTY - A titanium-oxide particle dispersed peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution is applied on transparent electrically conductive film, which is provided on substrate, and heated to form a semiconductor film. A dye-sensitized solar cell is manufactured.    USE - For manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Dye-sensitized solar cell is economically manufactured with improved electric power generation efficiency. The leakage of electrolytic solution is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) counter electrode; and    (b) dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of semiconductor film.    titanium oxide particle (10)    peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution (11)    titanium oxide (11A)
NOVELTY - Water vapor (6) is supplied to cathode side (16) of water-vapor electrolyzer having electrolytic bath (13) divided into and anode side (15) and side (16) using solid-acid compound electrolyte film as diaphragm (14). Reducing gas is supplied to side (15), water-vapor electrolysis is performed at high temperature, and hydrogen is manufactured. Temperature of reducing gas and water vapor supplied to bath (13) are 200-500degreesC.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cells used by electric vehicles, and for chemical industry.    ADVANTAGE - The method manufactures high purity hydrogen efficiently and economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing apparatus of hydrogen comprising the electrolytic bath divided into anode side and cathode side by the diaphragm, a pipeline (10) to supply reducing gas to anode side, a pipeline (11) to supply water vapor to cathode side, and an unit to raise temperature of reducing gas and water vapor supplied to the electrolytic bath.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The flowchart of the hydrogen-production system by high temperature water-vapor electrolysis process.    water vapor (6)    pipeline of reducing gas (10)    pipeline of water vapor (11)    electrolytic bath (13)    diaphragm (14)    anode side (15)    cathode side (16)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide converter comprises shift catalyst beds arranged in tandem for conducting a shift reaction for converting carbon monoxide and water to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    USE - For converting carbon monoxide in a reformed gas for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invented carbon monoxide converter is less expensive whose catalyst temperature can be controlled even under a high load with excellent catalyst durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a view of a fuel cell systems.    Fuel supply pipe (21)    Fuel gas supply pipe (22)    Air supply pipe (23)    Fuel off-gas pipe (26)    Exhaust pipe (29)
NOVELTY - A flow in a fuel cell is controlled by producing electrical energy in the fuel cell, and actuating a thermally-sensitive actuator based on a temperature of the fuel cell for controlling a flow.    USE - For controlling flow in a fuel cell for direct oxidation fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention controls the behavior of a fuel cell (e.g. passive components/systems) and reduces product costs and system complexity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for determining a concentration of fuel in a fuel cell comprising providing a dimensionally variable first material capable of expansion and contraction in relation to a concentration of fuel in a fuel cell, where a conductor is disposed on or within the first material; flowing an electrical current through the conductor; and measuring an electrical property of the conductor. As fuel concentration changes, the first material expands resulting in a proportionate change to the electrical property of the conductor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a fuel delivery conduit for a fuel cell system.    Springs (50)    First end (52)    Second end (54)    Conduit wall (56)    Slight visible curve (58)
NOVELTY - A device comprises electrochemical fuel cell (10) having a membrane electrode assembly (20) interposed between anode (40) and cathode flow field (30); at least one condition monitor; and a vent valve controller. The condition monitor is configured to generate a signal indicative of a condition of a component of fuel cell and the controller to control operating state of the valve as a function of condition signal.    USE - As a source of power for a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The dilution gas cross over rate of the membrane electrode assembly is calculated by using fuel cell parameters and the dilution gas concentration in the anode flow field is determined as a function of crossover rate. The calculated concentration is then used to optimize fuel cell efficiency and/or stability by controlling the evacuation of diluted fuel from anode side of cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The device further comprises a first reactant supply and cathode flow field exhaust in communication with the cathode flow field; and a second reactant supply and an anode flow field vent valve (50) in communication with the anode flow field. The vent valve is opened when the dilution gas concentration in the anode flow field is above a high threshold value and closed when the concentration in the anode flow field is below a low threshold value. The dilution gas cross over rate is calculated as a function of fuel cell temperature and an estimate of nitrogen partial pressure across the assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the electrochemical fuel cell.    electrochemical fuel cell (10)    membrane electrode assembly (20)    temperature sensor (22)    cathode flow field (30)    cathode flow field pressure sensor (32)    anode flow field (40)    anode flow field pressure sensor (42)    anode flow field vent valve (50)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator system for generating hydrogen from water split reaction, includes a pressure container having a water inlet and a product hydrogen outlet; and cells vertically stacked inside the container. Each cell contains a reactant compound comprising a mechanical mixture of a reactant metal and an anti-passivation material.    USE - For generating hydrogen from water split reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive hydrogen generator system is cost-effective and efficient for generating and collecting pressurized hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen generator system for generating hydrogen from water split reaction, comprises a pressure container (10) having a water inlet for fluidly coupling to a water source and flowing water to a bottom of the container, and a product hydrogen outlet for fluidly coupling to a hydrogen consumer and flowing hydrogen collected inside the container to the consumer. Cells (30) are vertically stacked inside the container and contain a reactant compound comprising a mechanical mixture of a reactant metal and an anti-passivation material and producing hydrogen gas upon contact with water. The cells are fluidly communicative with water and hydrogen gas and stacked such that water rising from the bottom of the container activates each immersed cell to produce hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cut-away view of the reactor.    Container (10)    O-ring (19)    Dehumidifier (20)    Discharge chamber (23)    Cells (30)
NOVELTY - Thin film solar cell and a manufacture thereof are provided to reduce back surface recombination loss by forming a passivation layer on a back surface of the solar cell and to reduce simultaneously resistance loss by contacting locally an Al + Si layer and a base contact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A second conductive type semiconductor layer(18) is formed on the entire surface of a first conductive type semiconductor active layer(17). An emitter contact(20) is formed on the second conductive type semiconductor layer. An Al + Si layer(15) is locally formed on a backside of the semiconductor active layer. A passivation layer(23) is formed under the semiconductor active layer. A base contact(24) for contacting the Al + Si layer is formed under the passivation layer.
NOVELTY - A solar cell with a buried-type electrode is provided to obtain process simplification and cost reduction by reducing number of high temperature process and a fabrication method thereof.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal electrode is formed within a groove(G) formed on a substrate(1). The metal electrode is formed by a heat treatment after burying conductive particles or a precursor thereof into the groove. The conductive particles or a precursor thereof have a diameter less than 1nm. The conductive particles comprise any one of Ag, Cu, Au, Ti, W, Ni, Cr, Mo, Pb, Pd and Pt.Image 1/1
NOVELTY - An electrolyte film sheet (102) clamped between two electroconductive films (101,103) is folded singly or several times to oppose two electroconductive films. The sheet is folded alternatively with several folds arranged orthogonal to first single fold.    USE - Fuel cell for mobile device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size of device. Improves output voltage. Simplifies manufacturing process. Enhances output performance of cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the fuel cell.    Fuel cell (100)    First electroconductive film (101)    Electrolyte film (102)    Second electroconductive film (103)    Insulation film (104)    Sheet (105)    Through-hole (106)
NOVELTY - A reformer (2) is arranged at the central lower portion of a case. A cooling water tank (5) is provided above the reformer. A desulfurizer (12), raw-material supply valve (13), booster pump (14) and a flow-control apparatus (16) are arranged at the right side surface of the reformer. A waste heat recovery equipment (15) is arranged at the back of the reformer.    USE - For generating electric power using fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy maintenance of all the components by enabling removing independently front panel, side plates and top plate. Improves the thermal durability of the components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front view of the domestic fuel cell congeneration system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (2)    cooling water tank (5)    ion exchange resin (9)    desulfurizer (12)    raw-material supply valve (13)    booster pump (14)    waste heat recovery equipment (15)    flow-control apparatus (16)    surface plates (18,19)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus has a storage container (1) for storing hydrocarbon, a decomposition reaction device (2), an oxidation reaction device (7) and a fuel cell (9). The device (2) has a catalyst having ability to decompose hydrocarbon. The device (7) has a catalyst having ability to oxidize hydrocarbon or hydrogen. At least one of storage container and decomposition reaction device is separated or combined with fuel cell apparatus.    USE - For generating electric power for electronic devices such as mobile telephone, mobile computer and personal digital assistant.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell apparatus simply and continuously enables electric power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the fuel cell apparatus.    Storage container (1)    Decomposition reaction device (2)    Integrated component of storage container and decomposition-reaction device (6)    Oxidation-reaction device (7)    Fuel cell (9)
NOVELTY - A plating liquid (10), supercritical substance or substance capable of forming supercritical state, and a surface-active agent (11) are accommodated in a reaction bath (1). The metal ion contained in plating liquid is diffused, and precipitated to a to-be-plated material (18) after forming supercritical state and emulsion state in reaction bath. Thus, a thin film is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing thin film used as hydrogen separation membrane used for modification-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film having high uniformity and productivity is economically manufactured, and generation of pinhole is effectively suppressed. The usage amount of plating liquid is reduced, and contact force of metal plating film is strengthened.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for palladium plating bath.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view illustrating the manufacture of thin film.    reaction bath (1)    plating liquid (10)    surface active agent (11)    reducing agent (14)    to-be-plated material (18)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte structure (31) comprises an anode and cathode which are formed at respective flow paths (32,33) by laminating hydrogen isolation metal layer (311) and proton conductor layer (312). The anode and cathode are short-circuited by a short-circuit (91).    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is utilized effectively at the time of electric power generation needlessness and drive is performed stably. Thus energy efficiency is improved using simple structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrolyte structure (31)    anode flow path (32)    cathode flow path (33)    hydrogen isolation metal layer (311)    proton conductor layer (312)    short-circuit (91)
NOVELTY - An estimation unit estimates the concentration of predetermined ion in moisture content emitted from fuel cell (12). A cooling fan (56) increases the moisture content condensed by vapor-liquid separation devices (34,44), when the estimated concentration is more than predetermined value.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses emission of ion reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural model of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (12)    Vapor-liquid separation devices (34,44)    Ion concentration detector (52)    Temperature detector (54)    Cooling fan (56)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (4) is divided into right and left sub stacks (12,13) by placing an output terminal (8) centrally. The fuel electrode and the air electrode of the sub stacks are arranged symmetrically with respect to the output terminal.    USE - Fuel cell stack which mixes liquid fuel such as methanol, isopropanol, butanol, dimethyl ether with water and supplies to fuel electrode.    ADVANTAGE - Since output terminal is held centrally in the fuel stack, current supply capacity of the fuel cell stack is increased. Air is supplied reliably due to the position of the air supply groove. Since the fuel cell is mounted on the fuel tank, natural supply of fuel is carried out without the need of the fuel feed pump.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The output terminal is made by carbon or corrosion resistant metal. An air supply groove of separator is held symmetrical to the left and right sub stacks. The fuel cell stack is installed over a fuel tank (14) and the output terminal is made into positive electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system using the fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell stack (4)    Output terminal (8)    Sub stacks (12,13)    Fuel tank (14)
NOVELTY - A discrimination unit discriminates whether the liquid fuel concentration is removed from the high or low concentration side of a fuel cell stack from the optimal value based on the output of a monitor cell attached to the stack after replenishing the high concentration liquid fuel.    USE - Direct liquid fuel type fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel concentration is obtained and controlled simply and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The monitor cell has common membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and common separator. The liquid concentration is obtained from the output of the monitor cell by driving the monitor cell on the conditions which limited supply of liquid fuel while connecting the resistor to the cell. The supply of the fuel is limited by lowering the liquid permeability of the diffusion control film of the fuel electrode of the MEA.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph explaining the characteristics of the monitor cell laminating the carbon sheet and increased diffused resistor to the fuel electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An ion conductor contains an electrolyte and two or more types of molecules (1 or 2).    USE - Used for lithium and lithium ion battery, capacitor, photoelectrochemical cell, ion sensor, photochromic component and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor exhibits excellent ionic conductivity in orthogonal direction with respect to electrode even at low and high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ion conductor contains an electrolyte and two or more types of molecules of formulae (1) or (2).    R1 and R2 = 2-10C straight alkyl group.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of a cell used for ionic conductivity measurement.    Sample filling portion (1)    Spacer (2)    Indium tin oxide film (3)    Glass electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The ion conductor contains electrolyte and biphenyl carbonitryl derivative.    USE - For lithium and lithium ion battery, capacitor, photoelectrochemical cell, ion sensor, photochromic element and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor has high ionic conductivity along orthogonal direction with respect to electrode. Biphenyl carbonitryl derivative in ion conductor has compatibility with electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion conductor contains electrolyte and biphenyl carbonitryl derivative of formula (1).    R=2-10C linear alkyl.
NOVELTY - A reaction tank (26) accommodates the inclination boards (262A,262B) on which catalysts (363) are provided, at the downward direction of a liquid fuel inflow port (21) supplying the liquid fuel. The inclination boards form a meandering flow path through which the liquid fuel flows towards the downward direction.    USE - For reforming liquid fuels e.g. methanol, borohydrido fuels e.g. sodium borohydride, organic hydride fuel e.g. decalin, cyclo hexane and methylcyclohexane, and alcohol-type fuels e.g. ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and removing hydrogen in fuel cell system (claimed) e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC) systems used in portable apparatus e.g. portable personal computer (PC) and mobile telephone and small apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel flows slowly through the meandering flow path thereby reacting completely with the catalyst. Hence discharge of unmodified fuel is decreased, amount of the reformed gas per liquid fuel unit volume is increased and reformation efficiency is improved with compact modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the modifier.    liquid fuel inflow port (21)    reaction tank (26)    inclination boards (262A,262B)    catalyst (263)
NOVELTY - A controller (4) closes the source gas valve (12) and evaporation valve (18) to increase the internal pressure of a modifier (10), at the time of stop of drive of the modification system (1). The controller opens a bypass valve (15) for a short time to blow-off residual gas remaining in the modifier, after increasing internal pressure of the modifier.    USE - For fuel cell power generation system in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Deterioration of catalyst in the modifier by the residual gas is prevented and hence durability of the reformation system is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the reformation system of the fuel cell power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformation system (1)    controller (4)    modifier (10)    source gas valve (12)    bypass valve (15)    evaporation valve (18)
NOVELTY - The nickel group alloy contains chromium (in mass%) (29-42), tantalum (1-3), magnesium (0.001-0.05), nitrogen (0.001-0.04), manganese (0.05-0.5), boron (0.0005-0.01), remaining nickel, and carbon (0.05 or less) as unavoidable impurity.    USE - For components for pharmaceutical manufacturing plant (claimed), for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, chemical processing plant and manufacture of seamless pipe.    ADVANTAGE - The nickel group alloy has excellent hot working property, corrosion resistance even when exposed to weak acid or strong base environment and reduced metal ion elution amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The nickel group alloy further contains molybdenum, iron and silicon. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for components for pharmaceutical manufacturing plants.
NOVELTY - A feed pipe (40) of an oxygen-containing gas is extended into a mixed catalyst layer (17) comprising a mixture of a modification catalyst and an oxidation catalyst. The pipe has a nozzle (41) for ejecting the gas, which extends in the mixed catalyst layer. The nozzle has a porous tube (42) of large diameter than that of the feed pipe. The gas is ejected in the mixed catalyst layer from each hole of the porous tube.    USE - Steam type reformer for producing hydrogen gas used in fuel cell, by reforming source gas such as ether, methane, methanol, or dimethyl ether, using steam.    ADVANTAGE - Since the feed pipe extends into the mixed catalyst layer, the heating surface for heat exchange between reformed gas and the mixture of source gas and steam, is fully ensured, even if the feed pipe has a small diameter. The temperature of the oxygen-containing gas is raised efficiently. The size of the reformer is reduced, as the feed pipe is not drawn around the reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the reformer.    reformer (1)    mixed catalyst layer (17)    feed pipe (40)    nozzle (41)    porous tube (42)
NOVELTY - A fuel gas supply unit (90) supplies fuel gas from a storage unit (16) to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) mechanism (42) in a start-up mode. The pressure in each adsorption tower (60a-60c) of the PSA mechanism is adjusted to a start-up setting pressure.    USE - Fuel gas manufacturing apparatus such as hydrogen production apparatus used for supplying fuel gas such as hydrogen to fuel cell such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC).    ADVANTAGE - Since the pressure in the adsorption tower is adjusted, the lack of calorie of the off gas is prevented. Enables efficient, economical and reliable start-up of the fuel gas manufacturing apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for start-up method of fuel gas manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel gas manufacturing system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    purification unit (14)    storage unit (16)    pressure swing adsorption mechanism (42)    adsorption towers (60a-60c)    fuel gas supply unit (90)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide transformer (2) has supply port (25) and discharge port (26) for reformed gas, a container main structure filled with shift catalyst (20) and a cooling pipe (5) provided in the main structure. A cooling agent having boiling point of 120-220degreesC flows through the cooling pipe (5). A reformed gas produced by modifier is reacted in the presence of the catalyst (20).    USE - Used in fuel cell for converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen used for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Heat of reaction is effectively removed to maintain the reaction temperature within the optimal range. The carbon monoxide transformer performs shift reaction efficiently, improves heat transfer capability, stabilizes temperature of cooling water and controls temperature of the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon monoxide transformer (2) has supply port (25) and discharge port (26) for reformed gas, a container main structure filled with shift catalyst (20) and a cooling pipe (5). A cooling agent having boiling point of 120-220degreesC flows through the cooling pipe (5). A reformed gas produced by modifier is reacted in the presence of the catalyst (20). The transformer converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen by aqueous reaction. The cooling agent is preferably water, and the steam generated from the water is used in the production of the reformed gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the carbon monoxide transformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon monoxide transformer (2)    cooling pipe (5)    shift catalyst (20)    supply port (25)    discharge port (26)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas separation apparatus has cooling unit and adsorption unit having adsorption material. A mixed gas containing hydrogen gas and dehydrogenation product is cooled, and dehydrogenation product is separated. The dehydrogenation product remaining in the cooled mixed gas is made to adsorb into the adsorption material and separated.    USE - For separating hydrogen gas used for fuel cell mounted in vehicle and hydrogen fueled engine.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas separating apparatus generates hydrogen of high purity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen gas generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction tank (10)    catalyst (11)    discharge port (19)    cooling chamber (21)    adsorption chamber (22)
NOVELTY - A ground electrode (2) is arranged at surface side which is opposite to the film forming surface of substrate. A film formation chamber dividing wall is insulated with ground electrode arranged at film forming surface side of substrate and connected to high frequency power. The electrode arranged to face ground electrode is surrounded by dividing wall and is electrically connected to ground electrode and wall.    USE - Thin film manufacturing device for thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Cleans film formation chamber effectively. Improves throughput of device. Removes reaction byproduct effectively. Forms thin film solar cell accurately and with desired uniformity    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) thin film manufacturing method; and    (2) thin film manufacturing device cleaning method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the functional block diagram of the thin film manufacturing device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Ground electrode (2)    Electrode (3)    Flat surface (6a)    Common chamber (10)    Mass flow controller (12)
NOVELTY - The silicon refiner has a pressure reduction container (2) having crucible (4), which accommodates silicon molten metal (3), a heating apparatus (5), which heats crucible, a vacuum pump (1) and an impurity condensing plant (6). The impurity condensing plant is arranged at position such that silicon molten metal surface in crucible, and crucible opening are visible.    USE - For purifying silicon (claimed) used for manufacture of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon refiner enables purification of silicon by simple method with high economical efficiency and purity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for purification of silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the silicon refiner.    vacuum pump (1)    pressure reduction container (2)    silicon molten metal (3)    crucible (4)    heating apparatus (5)    impurity condensing plant (6)
NOVELTY - Recovery unit recovers the acidic discharge material (118) made of compound of platinum group element or chloroplatinic acid, remained in a discharge head (108) using a suction pump. The recovered material is mixed with ammonia or organic base of predetermined amount before guiding to a recovery tank.    USE - For forming reaction layer on substrate during manufacturing of fuel cell (claimed) used in motor vehicle (claimed), electric vehicle and electronic device (claimed) such as mobile phone, personal handyphone system (PHS), electronic paper, notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile video phone, digital camera and clock.    ADVANTAGE - Recovers remaining discharge material safely and economically, hence the fuel cell is manufactured reliably at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) discharge material collection method;    (b) fuel cell;    (c) electronic device; and    (d) motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the ejector.    ejector (100a)    discharge head (106)    table (112)    discharge material (118)    suction cap (122)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor film (3A) is formed on an adsorption film (11) formed unevenly at a silicate glass plate (1) by heating the titanium oxide grain distribution peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution applied on the adsorption film.    USE - For manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell excellent in power generation characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the dye-sensitized solar cell during manufacturing.    glass plate (1)    semiconductor film (3A)    adsorption film (11)
NOVELTY - A core (1) is formed around a central electrode (3), by winding strip-shaped metal plates (2) comprising holes for draining water droplets.    USE - Used for a hydrogen burning device of fuel cell vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The collection of water droplets on the metal plates is prevented, enabling the catalyst to reach the reaction temperature rapidly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the electric heating catalyst support.    core (1)    metal plate (2)    flat plate (2a)    corrugated sheet (2b)    central electrode (3)
NOVELTY - A sealing film (5) such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) comprising a thin film solar cell (3), sealing resin (4) such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and a metallic foil (51) is mounted on the surface of a glass substrate (2). The edge of sealing film and exposure surface (21) of glass substrate are covered with an edge sealing resin (6) such as butyl resin.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses generation of cavity within edge sealing resin and confirms occurrence of cavity easily. Prevents fall of insulation resistance by electrochemical reaction within module by approach of water to provide a solar cell module with high weather resistance ability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell module.    Glass substrate (2)    Solar cell (3)    Sealing resin (4)    Sealing film (5)    Edge sealing resin (6)    Exposure surface (21)    Metallic foil (51)
NOVELTY - The fuel container or cartridge consists of a resin composition containing a polyphenylene ether (A) and a polyolefin (B), at a weight ratio (A/B) of 5/95-50/50.    USE - For supplying alcohol, such as methanol (claimed), to alcohol-type fuel cells, such as direct methanol fuel cells, useful as power source for motor vehicles and mobile electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel container or cartridge has excellent rigidity, heat resistance, alcohol resistance, and crack resistance.
NOVELTY - A transparent resin-made electrode substrate (1) with conductive layer (1a) on transparent resin film, is formed. A semiconductor paste distributed in organic solvent, is applied on conductive layer to form semiconductor coating layer (3'). The surface of coating layer is irradiated with 2.4GHz microwave, in state in which resin electrode is mounted on liquid film (22) on sample stage (20), to form semiconductor porous layer.    USE - For manufacturing negative electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Suppress the deformation of transparent resin made electrode at the time of heating effectively, and hence enables manufacturing reliable negative electrode efficiently and cost-effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the baking process by microwave irradiation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent resin-made electrode substrate (1)    conductive layer (1a)    semiconductor coating layer (3')    liquid film (22)    sample stage (20)
NOVELTY - Fuel tank (10) has partition structure (102) having cellophane membrane portion (104) to permeate water from fuel chamber (101) into water chamber (100).    USE - Fuel tank for fuel cell system (claimed) used for electric power generation in portable electronic device (claimed) such as mobile telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), note-book type personal computer, portable audio apparatus and portable visual apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents water remaining in the fuel tank, when the residual amount of fuel is lost in the tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) fuel cell system; and    (b) portable electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the fuel tank used for the fuel cell system.    fuel tank (10)    water chamber (100)    fuel chamber (101)    partition structure (102)    cellophane membrane portion (104)
NOVELTY - The carbon nanotube composition contains triazine derivative or organic dye derivative having an acidic functional group, and carbon nanotube.    USE - For carbon nanotube dispersion liquid (claimed) used as functional material such as occlusion material of fuel cell, electrode material, electromagnetic shielding material, conductive resin, and material for field emission display.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon nanotube has excellent dispersion stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for carbon nanotube dispersion liquid which consists of water or organic solvent, a basic functional group-containing resin and carbon nanotube composition.
NOVELTY - A catalyst paste-containing sheet is equipped with an electrolysis film which consists of an aromatic polymer having a sulfonic acid group, clamped by pair of electrode layer. The sheet has a layer which consists of a catalyst paste composition containing carbon black and polyelectrolyte with which catalyst metal is supported, and an organic solvent, formed at one surface of sheet-type base material.    USE - For manufacturing membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell, such as polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst paste-containing sheet has favorable joint strength between electrolysis film and electrode layer.
NOVELTY - The casting mold (1) whose inner surface is provided with a release material layer comprising a baseplate (1a) of quadrangle shape and side plates (1b), has an opening formed along upper direction by fitting the sideplates to the side edges of trapezoid lowerbase. The taper angle of each inner surface of the side plates is set to 1-5degrees with respect to perpendicular direction.    USE - For casting ingot of polycrystalline silicon for solar cell of domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces distortion of the ingot by unidirectional solidification. Prevents generation of the crack of the ingot, easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for casting apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the casting mold.    casting mold (1)    baseplate (1a)    side plate (1b)    holder periphery (5b)    chill plate (6)
NOVELTY - A process for producing a substrate for flexible thin film solar cells, using CIS technology, comprises using a metal band as a substrate. The band consists of a carrier band and molybdenum is applied to it using rollers. The molybdenum is applied galvanically and is then rolled.    USE - The process is used to produce a substrate for flexible thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and effective.
NOVELTY - The present invention relates belongs to the field of smelting technology, and is especially the apparatus and technology for preparing silicon for solar cell, as one kind of solar energy utilizing photovoltaic material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The present invention features the full use of plasma furnace and medium frequency inducing furnace. The inducing coil connected to the medium frequency power supply is set between the outer casing of plasma furnace and the crucible, and the plasma gun is used to replenish energy for the inducing coil. The work gas of the plasma is Ar, and the pressure of O2 and CO is very low, reaching vacuum smelting. Under the action of high temperature, the molten silicon and the refinery slag are fused in high reaction speed, and the impurity is transferred to the slag fast. The present invention has simplified technological process, and can realize large scale production.
NOVELTY - Sterilizer comprises a sterilization vessel in which water is maintained at a sterilization temperature and a pressure greater than the water vapor pressure so that the water does not boil, a heat exchanger for cooling the sterilized water to a temperature below its boiling point, a pump for supplying the sterilizer with water, an overpressure valve at the sterilization circuit outlet and a sensor for measuring water temperature at the sterilization vessel inlet. Water is heated to the sterilization temperature using solar power.    USE - For sterilizing or purifying water or other aqueous liquids. The sterilized water is suitable for use in hospitals or as drinking water.    ADVANTAGE - Water is effectively sterilized without spoiling its taste or mineral content and without the need for chemicals, electricity or fossil fuels. The sterilizer is particularly suitable for use in countries where drinking water is in short supply and sunshine is plentiful.
NOVELTY - A management system method is proposed for a fuel cell incorporating a reformer feeding the fuel cell (1) with reformed gas containing hydrogen and a compressor (4) feeding air to the fuel cell. The fuel cell is made up of cells re-grouped in Nmod modules. The voltage at the terminals of each cell of each module (2, 3) are measured and a difference calculated for the voltages between a mean cell voltage (Ucell) and a predetermined mean cell voltage (Uocell). The difference in these mean values ((Ucell - Uocell) is compared with a predetermined threshold voltage difference (DeltaUcell) and the presence or absence of carbon monoxide poisoning in the fuel cell is determined on the basis of this comparison.    USE - The invention provides a management system for a fuel cell, incorporating an assembly of elementary cells, used to provide energy for stationary applications and for motor vehicle and aircraft applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows the determination of the presence of carbon monoxide poisoning in the fuel cell and enables the management system to optimise the functioning of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for this management system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates a fuel cell management system.    Fuel cell; (1)    Fuel cell modules; (2, 3)    Compressor; (4)    Conduits; (5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31)    Electronic control unit; (8)    Data treatment unit; (9)    Sensors; (10, 11)    Purge control unit; (14)    Control valves. (18, 28, 30)
NOVELTY - The p-type semiconductor material contains a complex of zinc, copper, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and cadmium, mercury and/or alkaline-earth metals.    USE - In semiconductor element, such as light-emitting elements (both claimed) (LEDs and laser diodes) used for solar cells and sensors, for hole injection electrode layer.    ADVANTAGE - The p-type semiconductor material easily forms an ohmic contact with a metal material. The low-resistance semiconductor material is transparent to light in the visible region. The semiconductor material is manufactured easily, and provides highly durable and efficient semiconductor elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The p-type semiconductor material contains a complex of formula: Zn(1-alpha-beta-gamma)CualphaAbetaBgammaS(1-x-y)SexTey.    alpha=0.004-0.4;    beta,gamma=less than or equal to0.2;    x=0-1;    y=0-0.2;    x+y=less than or equal to1;and    A,B=cadmium, mercury, and/or alkaline-earth metals.    Preferably, A is magnesium and B is cadmium. The semiconductor material contains dopant(s) chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine, aluminum, gallium and indium, as compensation dopant. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for semiconductor element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the semiconductor light-emitting element.    substrate (11)    indium tin oxide (12)    p-type electrode layer (13)    light-emitting layer (14)    n-type electrode layer (15)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is produced by reacting a first portion of a hydride with water to produce heat in a first reaction, and reacting a second portion of the hydride and a hydroxide in a second reaction, by transferring the heat.    USE - For producing hydrogen as fuel source, particularly for mobile fuel-cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention maintains the storage materials at a constant temperature during the reaction, does not require an extensive cooling system, and provides good control over the reaction as it proceeds. It minimizes the overall enthalpy of the reaction system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen storage composition having a hydrogenated state and a dehydrogenated state. In the hydrogenated state, the composition comprises a hydride and a hydrated hydroxide; and in the dehydrogenated state, the composition comprises an oxide.
NOVELTY - A reformer comprises a reaction zone (22) and additional reaction zone(s) (24) for receiving fuel (12, 14) and oxidizer (16, 18). Each reaction zone is adapted to react fuel and oxidizer into reformate (20).    USE - For reacting fuel and oxidizer into reformate.    ADVANTAGE - Providing several reaction zones has positive effect on the thermal economy of reformer. Hot areas can be locally stabilized even if the reformer output is modulated. Dividing the reaction zones reduces pressure loss in the reformer. This leads to an increase of efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of reacting fuel and oxidizer into reformate in a reformer, by supplying fuel and/or oxidizer to reaction zones in a separately adjustable manner for adjusting reformer output.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of the inventive reformer.    Fuel (12, 14)    Oxidizer (16, 18)    Reformate (20)    Reaction zones (22, 24)    Heat exchanger (26)    Injection system (28, 30)    Central air supply (32)    Valves (34)    Catalyst (36)    Product gas guides (38, 40)    Mixing point (42)
NOVELTY - A fuel processing system comprises a vaporization region (18) to receive liquid component (20) of a feed stream (14) and to produce vaporized component (22) of feed stream, a treatment region (24) to receive and remove solids from the vaporized component of feed stream, and a hydrogen-producing region (28) connected with the treatment region to receive the feed stream and to produce a mixed gas stream (30) containing hydrogen gas and other gases.    USE - For fuel processing, fuel cell, and other industries in which hydrogen gas is produced.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processing system incorporates a treatment region that enables efficient removal of solids from vaporized component of feed stream.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of treating vaporized component of a feed stream for a fuel processor, by receiving vaporized feed stream component into a treatment region, removing solids from the vaporized feed stream component, delivering the feed stream to a hydrogen-producing region of a fuel processor, and producing a stream containing hydrogen gas from the feed stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of the inventive fuel processing system.    Fuel processing assembly (11)    Fuel processor (12)    Feed stream (14)    Product hydrogen stream (16)    Vaporization region (18)    Liquid component of feed stream (20)    Treatment region (24)    Hydrogen-producing region (28)    Mixed gas stream (30)    Separation region (32)    Filter (48)    Reforming catalyst (62)    Steam reforming region (66)    Hydrogen-selective membrane (70)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic assembly has first and second chambers having first and second gas collection regions, respectively; passage between first and second chambers; photovoltaic module and electrode in the first chamber; counter electrode in the second chamber; electrolyte in first and second chambers; and light focusing element associated with the module.    USE - Used for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides hydrogen fuel at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method to make an assembly for electrolysis of water comprising providing transparent cylindrical-shaped envelope having access port; placing photovoltaic (PV) module and electrode in the envelope adjacent its end and placing counter electrode adjacent the other end of the envelope; sealing the ends of the envelope and joining the ends together; and inserting electrolyte in the sealed envelope through the access port; and    (2) an apparatus for creating hydrogen from the dissociation of an aqueous electrolyte solution using sunlight comprising fluid filled container to hold an aqueous electrolyte solution to be dissociated and used as a light collecting lens; PV module at a point to accept refracted light from the fluid filled container; and pair of electrodes coupled to the PV cell within the electrolyte solution and configured to split water within the solution into hydrogen and oxygen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a view of a bag reactor.
NOVELTY - The composite material (10) has a base material (11) laminated with an integral brazing layer (15) on the surface. The composite material is formed by heat processing, and has elongation of 35% or more.    USE - For brazed products (claimed) such as components of fuel cells (e.g. modifier of fuel cell) and heat exchangers (e.g. cooler for exhaust gas recirculation and radiator).    ADVANTAGE - The composite material has excellent press-forming property, and prevents generation of cracks in base material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of composite material; and    (2) brazed product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline sectional view of composite material for brazing.    composite material (10)    base material (11)    nickel or nickel alloy layer (12)    titanium or titanium alloy layer (13)    iron or iron alloy layer (14)    brazing layer (15)
NOVELTY - The hot plate (1) has circular grooves (3) provided at the evaporated liquid side surface of a heat-transfer board (2) which heats evaporated liquid. An outer layer (4) having holes (5) connecting the grooves and heating surface, is joined to the heat-transfer board through a joint surface (6).    USE - E.g. hot plate for evaporating water and fuel of hydrocarbon type, for supplying to modifier of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves equalization of evaporator core temperature and provides a compact evaporator, by improving heat exchange capability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top and sectional views of the evaporator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hot plate (1)    heat-transfer board (2)    groove (3)    outer layer (4)    hole (5)    joint surface (6)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich gas is supplied into the carbon monoxide removal catalyst layers (13a-13c) arranged inside a carbon monoxide removal apparatus (10) at predetermined interval. A gas-flow guide board (15) guides circulated hydrogen gas to the outer wall of the carbon monoxide removal apparatus, and sirocco fan (16) removes heat from the hydrogen gas guided to the outer wall of carbon monoxide removal apparatus.    USE - For use in fuel cell (claimed) e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cell used in electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to supply hydrogen rich gas having less carbon monoxide to the fuel cell effectively with simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell power generating device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the principal portion of the carbon monoxide removal apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon monoxide removal apparatus (10)    carbon monoxide removal catalyst (13a-13c)    gas-flow guide board (15)    sirocco fan (16)    cooling cover (17)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen producing apparatus has a water vapor modifier having a container filled with a support (14). The support is obtained by supporting a catalyst containing copper and zinc, to the surface of a ceramic compact. The mass ratio of copper with respect to zinc is 5-1000.    USE - For producing hydrogen (claimed) used as fuel in electric power industry and automobile industry.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen producing apparatus and method are efficient and stable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production method, which involves distributing composite fuel gas obtained by mixing original fuel and water vapor, to the water vapor modifier, and reforming the composite fuel gas to fuel reforming gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of shape of the support applied to the water vapor modifier.    support (14)    ceramic porous component (18)
NOVELTY - In a reformer in which a hydrogen-containing gas is obtained by reaction of hydrocarbon fuel with steam in the presence of a catalyst, a gas passing-through portion (10) is provided in a heat-exchanger plate (5) provided between a reformation processing chamber (2) and reformation gas flow-through chamber (4) such that process gas flows from the reformation processing chamber into reformation gas flow-through chamber.    USE - For hydrogen-containing gas generation apparatus for fuel cell such as solid polymer fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, solid-electrolyte fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves reformation processing efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vertical front view of a fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification catalyst (1)    reformation processing chamber (2)    reformation process-gas flow-through chamber (4)    heat exchanger plate (5)    gas passing-through portion (10)
NOVELTY - Aromatization catalyst is reacted with gas containing lower hydrocarbon and hydrogen and aromatic compound are produced. The carbon component is removed by burning carbon produced during generation of hydrogen and aromatic compound, and precipitated to aromatization catalyst under nitrogen oxide-containing gas circulation. Thus, the catalyst is regenerated.    USE - For generating aromatization catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The aromatization catalyst is regenerated stably and reliably, and the life cycle of the catalyst is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for aromatization catalyst regeneration system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the aromatization catalyst regeneration system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    internal combustion engine (10)    reactor (11)    waste gas temperature control unit (12)    gas treatment equipment (13)    heat engine (20)
NOVELTY - The method involves removing oxide film formed on surface of silicon substrate, and forcibly forms another oxide film. The surface of the silicon substrate is measured after forced oxidation process, using surface photovoltage (SVP) method, to evaluate small carrier diffusion length of silicon substrate.    USE - For evaluation of silicon substrate used in semiconductor device and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the time required for development and research of the semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a process flow diagram of the silicon substrate evaluation process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The solar cell (10) has an electrically conductive film (12), an optical absorption layer (13), a high resistance layer (14) and a transparent electrically conductive film (16), provided sequentially on a substrate (11). The optical absorption layer consists of a low resistance semiconductor. The high resistance layer consists of a high resistance semiconductor with a larger resistivity than the low resistance semiconductor.    USE - Used as substrate-type solar cell and super straight way type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has excellent energy conversion efficiency and open end voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell (10) has an electrically conductive film (12), an optical absorption layer (13), a high resistance layer (14) and a transparent electrically conductive film (16), provided sequentially on a substrate (11). The optical absorption layer contains elements of groups IB, IIIB and VIB, and consists of a low resistance semiconductor with larger atom number content rate of IB group element than atom number content rate of IIIB group element. The high resistance layer contains elements of groups IB, IIB, IIIB and VIB, and consists of a high resistance semiconductor with a larger resistivity than the low-resistant semiconductor. The element of IIB group is zinc, the element of IB group is copper, the element of IIIB group is indium and/or gallium, and the element of VIB group is selenium and/or sulfur. The high resistance semiconductor is copper-zinc-indium selenide (CuZn2InSe4), copper-zinc-gallium selenide (CuZn2GaSe4) or copper-zinc-indium-gallium selenide (CuZn2(In,Ga)Se4).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell.    Solar cell (10)    Substrate (11)    Electrically conductive film (12)    Optical absorption layer (13)    High resistant layer (14)    Transparent electrically conductive film (16)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen barrier coated article is obtained by coating aluminum (alloy), aluminum nitride, titanium nitride and titanium carbide on the surface of stainless steel pipe and containers. Also claimed is the manufacture of hydrogen barrier coated article.    USE - Used for e.g. stainless steel piping and tank used in fuel cell used for generating electric power in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The coated article has excellent hydrogen barrier property, workability, and thermal and mechanical characteristics, and is economically manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Titanium nitride is Ti2N or TiN and titanium carbide is Ti2C or TiC.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of a nydrogen barrier coated article.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of apparatus used for forming hydrogen barrier film.    Vacuum chamber (1)    Metallic mold (2)    Gas introduction portion (3)    Stainless steel cylinder (4)    Insulation tower (6)    Gas plasma (8)
NOVELTY - An eco-friendly naphthalene hydrogenating system is a reaction system which hydrogenates naphthalene using subcritical or supercritical fluid and a platinum group-metal supported catalyst of carbon dioxide.    USE - For hydrogenating naphthalene used as reaction solvent, common solvent, aroma free solvent, developing agent of fuel cell for motor vehicles and hydrogen storage medium. Tetralin is used as solvent, paint and motor fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The eco-friendly naphthalene hydrogenating system carries out hydrogenation process efficiently, without using harmful organic solvent in less time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of naphthalene hydride, which involves reacting naphthalene and hydrogen in the presence of platinum group-metal supported catalyst of carbon dioxide, at 20-250degreesC and pressure of 0.2-100 MPa; and    (2) naphthalene hydrogenating catalyst consisting of the platinum group-metal supported catalyst.
NOVELTY - 2,2'-bipyridyl compound (1) is new.    USE - For forming metal complex used as pigment for dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel 2,2'-bipyridyl compound has favorable reduction potential and is easy to reduce. The novel 2,2'-bipyridyl compound exhibits favorable light physical property, when forms complex with metals such as ruthenium, iron and osmium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - 2,2'-bipyridyl compound of formula (1) is new.    X=H, lower alkyl group or alkali metal; and    at least one of R1-R6=-COOX, and other is H.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of 2,2'-bipyridyl compound of formula (1).
NOVELTY - Solar cell structure has optoelectric transducers (2) with spherical light receiving surface, and convex curve on outer side, that are arranged in solid condensing element (3) made of transparent material. The optoelectric transducers are connected in matrix form using copper pattern (6) and copper wire (7).    USE - Three-dimensional solar cell structure.    ADVANTAGE - Improves weather resistance in daytime and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Reduces the cost of the solar cell structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    three-dimensional solar cell structure (1)    ball-shaped optoelectric transducers (2)    condensing element (3)    copper pattern (6)    copper wire (7)
NOVELTY - The module has a conductive layer arranged between transparent substrate and support substrate. A set of porous photoelectric conversion layers (3,13) and catalyst layers (5,15) are arranged orderly. The effective area rate defined by the ratio of electric power generating area with respect to the whole area connecting the outer side of porous conversion layer, is 100%.    USE - Dry-sensitized solar cell module e.g. organic wet solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Raises photoelectric conversion efficiency by enlarging the electric power generating area of porous layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar cells are arranged in parallel such that length of each cell in parallel direction of substrate is different from the length of cells in catalyst layer side. The porous photoelectric conversion layer has a slope at the edge in parallel to the cells, and the length of the cells in parallel direction of substrate is longer than the cells in parallel to catalyst layer. The adjacent cells are electrically connected in series and overlap rate of the edges is 30-95% or 60-85%. The adjacent cells are isolated by insulating layer having light absorption wavelength of 450 nm or less, and the porous layer is made of polyelectrolyte. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of solar cell module.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    porous photoelectric converting layers (3,13)    electrolyte layer (14)    catalyst layers (5,15)
NOVELTY - An nickel-titanium-niobium (Ni-Ti-Nb) based multiple phase alloy comprises a combined phase as an eutectic mixture (NbTi + NiTi). The NbTi phase has dissolved Ni and is responsible for hydrogen gas-permeability and NiTi phase has dissolved Nb and is responsible for resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.    USE - In a metal membrane for hydrogen separation-purification (claimed), in which resulting purified hydrogen gas can be useful as a fuel and can be applied to fields of production of semiconductors, optical fibers and drugs.    ADVANTAGE - The multiple phase alloy can simultaneously satisfy the requirements for hydrogen gas-permeability and for the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and thus permit the efficient hydrogen separation-purification. The alloy shows ductility at room temperature in the air. The hydrogen permeability constant of the multiple phase alloy material may vary depending on the composition, but the hydrogen permeability is almost identical to or superior to that observed for the palladium alloy membrane presently used as such metal membrane for hydrogen separation-purification.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for preparation of the Ni-Ti-Nb based multiple phase alloy involving blending Ni, Ti and Nb and melting the resulting blend using arc melting technique, high frequency heating technique, electron beam melting technique or laser beam heating technique to form a metal membrane.
NOVELTY - An outer cylindrical wall (11) is arranged in an outer side of an inner cylindrical wall (12), forming a tubular space between the walls. An water inlet (41i) and a source gas inlet (40i) are formed to supply water and source gas to a water evaporation section (13). A modification catalyst is arranged in the space, so that the modification catalyst is arranged adjacent to water evaporative section.    USE - For producing hydrogen used in fuel cell system (claimed) such as domestic fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since the modification catalyst and the water evaporation portion are arranged adjacently, the structure of the flow path is simplified. Ensures uniform evaporation of the water in the water evaporative section.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    outer cylindrical wall (11)    inner cylindrical wall (12)    evaporative section (13)    source gas inlet (40i)    water inlet (41i)
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer comprises an unit having a reformer (1) and associated devices such as a water evaporator (2), a fuel vaporizer (3), a desulfurizer (4) and a shift converter (5). A chamber (15) with a vacuum heat insulation layer (15c) covers the entire unit.    USE - Fuel reformer for producing hydrogen gas for fuel cell used in domestic co-generation system and electric vehicle, by reforming fuels such as town gas.    ADVANTAGE - The need for packing the space between the devices with an insulating material such as a ceramic fiber, is eliminated, hence reducing the volume of the thermally insulating layer in the fuel reformer. Improves the thermal efficiency of the reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for starting method of fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side sectional view of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformer (1)    water evaporator (2)    fuel vaporizer (3)    desulfurizer (4)    shift converter (5)    chamber (15)    vacuum heat insulation layer (15c)
NOVELTY - Each reactor housing (31,32) separated by a partition (33) formed in a double cylindrical shape, comprises chambers (36,39) partitioned by the upper and lower porous plates (34,35,37,38). The reformed gas is supplied into the chamber loaded with a selective oxidation catalyst. The mixture of the oxidation gas and reformed gas is supplied to the chamber not loaded with the selective oxidation catalyst.    USE - For fuel reformer used for reforming fuels such as methanol, town gas, naphtha supplied to fuel cell such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell used in domestic co-generation system and fuel-cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures efficient reformation of the carbon monoxide in the reformed gas, by the selective oxidation catalyst. Eliminates need for separate gas mixing device and thereby the size of the selective-oxidation reactor is reduced. The time and effort required for construction of the heat insulation layer are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the selective oxidation reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    selective oxidation reactor (6)    reactor housing (31,32)    partition (33)    upper and lower porous plates (34,35,37,39)    chambers (36,39)
NOVELTY - A reformation tube (13) is arranged in a flow path (12) formed between an inner cylinder (9a) of a vacuum-insulation container (9) and a flue (11). A guiding tube (21) is arranged in the flue, so that a clearance for raising combustion gas (28) generated by a combustor (10), is formed between the flue and the guiding tube.    USE - Fuel reformer for reforming fuels such as methanol, town gas, naphtha supplied to fuel cell such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell used in domestic co-generation system and fuel-cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables heating of the flue to sufficient temperature for heating the reformation tubes, by raising the combustion gas in the clearance formed between the guiding tube and flue. The heat transfer area of the reformation tubes is reduced to reduce the size of the reformation tubes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel reformer.    vacuum insulation container (9)    inner cylinder (9a)    combustor (10)    flue (11)    flow path (12)    reformation tube (13)    guiding tube (21)    combustion gas (28)
NOVELTY - The reformer (20) has a reformation reactor (22) for reforming fuel and generating hydrogen gas. A heat insulator (26) with a vacuum area between its inner wall surrounding the Reformation reactor and an outer wall, recovers the heat generated from the reformation reactor. Carbon-monoxide reducing sections (24) are connected to reformation reactor for reducing concentration of carbon monoxide from the reformed gas.    USE - Reformer for fuel cell system (claimed) using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for use as mobile power source in vehicle, distributed power source for home or buildings and small sized power source for electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Reformer is capable of effectively recovering the reaction heat for forming reformed gas thereby enhancing the thermal efficiency and the reaction efficiency of the reformation reactor and enhancing the performance and efficiency of the overall system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.    reformer (20)    reformation reactor (21)    carbon monoxide reducing sections (24)    heat insulator (26)    fuel system (100)
NOVELTY - Reformation unit (21) has a zigzag shaped pipe (22) through which fuel passes. The pipe is formed from the material adapted to induce a catalytic reformation reactions. The rough inner surface of the pipe has protrusions having height of about 2-20 nm. A heat source (24) comprising a heating plate and a heating coil heats the pipe.    USE - Reformer for fuel system (claimed) using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for use as mobile power source for vehicle, distributed power source for home or buildings and small power sources used for electronic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer has a simple structure and does not require a separate process for forming a catalyst layer thereby reducing manufacturing cost of the compact fuel cell system. Exfoliation of the catalytic reformation layer is prevented thereby improving the performance and the efficiency of the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.    reformer (20)    reformation unit (21)    pipe (22)    heat source (24)    fuel cell system (100)
NOVELTY - A fuel feed pump (P), an inert-gas valve (V2) and a modification water valve (V3) control the flow rate of nitrogen gas flowed in a steam modifier (R) so that the combustible gas e.g. hydrogen gas and methane gas, contained in the nitrogen gas is combusted completely in a combustor (4).    USE - For replacing nitrogen gas, in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents ejection of the combustible gas when nitrogen gas is ejected to the exterior, efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    desulfurizer (1)    steam generator (2)    modifier (3)    combustor (4)    fuel cell (7)    temperature sensor (8)    fuel feed pump (P)    inert-gas valve (V2)    modification water valve (V3)    steam modifier (R)
NOVELTY - A liquid organic matter is subjected to hydrothermal reaction in subcritical water or supercritical water, using a catalyst, and sulfur or a sulfur compound, to obtain a fuel gas containing hydrogen as a main component.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen-rich fuel gas used for fuel cell electric vehicle, ammonia manufacture, hydrogenation reaction and electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces hydrogen-rich fuel gas free of methane and carbon dioxide, and enables effective usage of organic waste and other resources.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow sheet of the manufacturing method of hydrogen-rich fuel gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    liquid booster pump (1)    heat exchanger (2)    heater (3)    reactor (4)    cooler (5)    vapor liquid separation device (6)
NOVELTY - The autothermal reforming catalyst contains metallic nickel microparticle and/or metallic iron microparticles, magnesium and aluminum. The microparticles have average particle diameter of 1-20 nm, and is contained in an amount of 0.15-60 wt.% with respect to autothermal reforming catalyst. The content of nickel and/or iron is 0.001-0.52 with respect to sum total number of mols of magnesium, aluminum, nickel and/or iron.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen (claimed). Also as catalyst for hydrocarbon degradation of steam reforming, partial oxidation, and carbon dioxide modification catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - Ammonia byproduct is suppressed. The catalyst has excellent durability. Large quantities of hydrogen is manufactured over long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The autothermal reforming catalyst is at least one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, rhenium, copper, manganese, chromium, vanadium and titanium.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of autothermal reforming catalyst; and    (2) manufacture of hydrogen using the autothermal reforming catalyst.
NOVELTY - The silicon monoxide refiner has a silicon monoxide gas retention device (9) provided between a silicon monoxide generator and a silicon monoxide condenser (11).    USE - For purifying silicon xide and manufacture of high purity silicon (both claimed) used in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon oxide refiner sharply decreases phosphorus impurity contained in silicon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) purification of silicon monoxide; and    (2) manufacture of high purity silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the silicon oxide manufacturing apparatus.    reaction container (1)    silicon grain-silicon monoxide grain mixed raw material (2)    heater (7)    retention device (9)    silicon monoxide condenser (11)
NOVELTY - The resin molded article (3) has a transparent conductive liner sheet (1) integrally formed at surface of a base material (2) consisting of synthetic resin. The sheet (1) has a transparent electrically conductive film (11) provided on one surface of a transparent resin sheet.    USE - As resin molded article for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC).    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electrically conductive film of complicated shape is simply formed at the surface of molded article.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of resin molded article.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of resin molded article.    transparent conductive liner sheet (1)    base material (2)    resin molded article (3)    transparent electrically conductive film (11)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (16) includes counter electrode (18) and photoelectrode (17) whose base layers consist of transparent insulation thermoplastic resin film.    USE - Dye sensitizing solar cell installed in roof of back side of outdoor large sized display, housing, apartment, factory.    ADVANTAGE - Large sized solar cell can be manufactured easily, by avoiding use of harmful substances and using thermoplastic resin film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A counter electrode (18) consisting of adhesive layer (4), base layer (5), transparent electrode layer (6) and electric charge carrying layer (7), a photoelectrode (17) comprising metal oxide semiconductor layer (8), transparent electrode layer (9), and base layer (10), and adhesive layer (11) and transparent protective layer (12) are layered on a substrate (1) in order. The base layers of counter electrode and photoelectrode consist of transparent insulation thermoplastic resin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    support substrate (1)    adhesive layer (4,11)    base layer (5,10)    transparent electrode layer (6,9)    electric charge carrying layer (7)    metal oxide semiconductor layer (8)    transparent protective film (12)    solar cell (16)    photoelectrode (17)    counter electrode (18)
NOVELTY - A sealant comprises polyester type resin. The sealant has storage elastic modulus (G') of 1x105-5x108 Pa at 20-60degreesC before heating processing and after heat processing at 120degreesC for 1 minute.    USE - For sealing electrodes of solar cell and organic electroluminescent element with battery electrolyte, organic light emitting layer (all claimed), liquid electrolyte, pseudo solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - The sealant has excellent sealing capability, pressure reduction processing ability, flexible property and adhesivity with respect to electrodes, and provides sealed product with excellent exterior.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for sticking method of sealant, which involves heat-bonding electrode and sealant which are temporarily adhered, under high pressure.
NOVELTY - A process for producing a curved bodywork element (10) for a vehicle, comprises placing a melt adhesive film (16) on one side of the element, and then placing a number of planar solar cells (18A-C) on top. A second melt adhesive film (20) is placed on top of the cells, and pressure is exerted using a die. The film composite is then subjected to heat treatment. After lamination, the die (24) is removed. The die has planar surfaces, and lamination takes place in a laminator with a heating plate.    USE - The process is used to produce a curved bodywork element for a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Risk of cell damage is minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the element    element (10)    film (16)    cells (18A-C)    adhesive film (20)    die (24)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system is cold-started at sub-zero temperatures, by operating the fuel cell stack at an output power; using the power to operate a heating device for the heating of a cooling agent and a coolant pump, and circulating the cooling agent between the fuel cell stack and the heating device; and shutting off the heating device when the fuel cell stack has reached a preset temperature that is higher than the original temperature.    USE - For cold-starting of a fuel cell system at sub-zero temperatures.    ADVANTAGE - Low battery energy requirements are required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Cold-starting a fuel cell system at sub-zero temperatures, comprises operating the fuel cell stack (10) at an output power such that the generated power is adequate to operate the heating device (24) and the coolant pump (38). The power provided by the fuel cell stack is used to operate the heating device for the heating of the cooling agent as well as the coolant pump, and circulating the cooling agent between the fuel cell stack and the heating device. The heating device is shut off when the fuel cell stack has reached a preset temperature that is higher than the original temperature. The fuel cell system has a fuel cell stack upstream of which is connected a heating device to heat a cooling agent to be circulated by a coolant pump.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell stack with a heating device.    Fuel cell stack (10)    Air compressor (20)    Heating device (24)    Gas burner (26)    Coolant pump (38)
NOVELTY - Preparation of catalyst includes vapor depositing elemental platinum, molybdenum or tungsten, and aluminum on substrate to yield catalyst precursor, and activating catalyst precursor    USE - For preparing catalyst useful as electro-oxidation catalyst in fuel cell, e.g. reformate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst has CO stripping potential of less than 100 mV versus a saturated calomel electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of catalyst includes vapor depositing elemental platinum (Pt), X, and aluminum (Al) on a substrate to yield a catalyst precursor of formula of PtXaAlb, and activating the catalyst precursor to form a catalyst.    X=Mo or W;    a=greater than or equal to0.001; and    b=greater than or equal to2.4(1+a)    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a membrane electrode assembly comprising anode and cathode layers of porous electrically conductive sheet material, a membrane interposed between the anode and cathode layers, and a catalyst obtained by the above method interposed between the anode layer and membrane;    (b) a fuel cell comprising a chamber, and a membrane partially coated with the catalyst and separating the chamber into anode and cathode compartments; and    (c) a method of increasing carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance of a membrane electrode assembly by vapor depositing elemental Pt, X and Al on a membrane to yield a catalyst precursor, and activating the catalyst precursor to form a catalyst.
NOVELTY - A selectively permeable membrane reactor equipped with a catalyst (1) and a selective permeable membrane (3), is used. Reforming of hydrocarbon is accelerated by the catalyst and specific component contained in reforming product is selectively permeated through the membrane and is thereby selectively separated. Steam is added to starting gas consisting of hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide, and the obtained mixture is fed into the reactor.    USE - For reformation of hydrocarbon especially methane, in manufacture of hydrogen used as fuel of synthesis gas or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reformation of hydrocarbon is carried out selectively. Precipitation of coke within the selective permeable membrane type reactor is suppressed and deactivation of catalyst is prevented. Catalyst capability is maintained over long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-section of structure of selectively permeable membrane type reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst (1)    selectivity permeable membrane (3)    reaction tube (5)    column (7)    inlet (11)    exit (13)
NOVELTY - A diesel reforming strategy comprises supplying diesel fuel (12) to a fractional distillation device (10), fractionally distilling the diesel fuel to produce a light fuel stream and a heavy fuel stream (16), and reforming the light fuel stream in a reformer to produce a reformate (22).    USE - The invention is used as a diesel fuel reforming strategy for diesel fuels used for fuel vehicle systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invention produces diesel fuel having less sulfur content which may poison a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method of making an apparatus for a diesel reforming strategy, comprising disposing a reformer (20) in fluid communication with a fuel cell stack, disposing the reformer in fluid communication with a fractional distillation device, and disposing the fractional distillation device in fluid communication with a supply of fuel;    (2) a method of using a fuel cell system, comprising supplying diesel fuel to a fractional distillation device, fractionally distilling the diesel fuel to produce a light fuel stream and a heavy fuel stream, reforming the light fuel stream in a reformer to produce a reformate, and utilizing the reformate in a fuel cell stack to produce electricity; and    (3) a fuel cell system for diesel fuel reforming comprising a fractional distillation device for distilling a supply of diesel fuel to produce a light fuel stream and a heavy fuel stream, a reformer for reforming the light fuel stream to produce a reformate, and a fuel cell for producing electricity from the reformate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the diesel fuel reforming strategy.    Fractional distillation device (10)    Diesel fuel (12)    Heavy fuel stream (16)    Reformer (20)    Reformate (22)    Burner (30)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storing and releasing composition comprises support having high surface area material combined with a compound capable of storing and releasing hydrogen.    USE - Used in a device, vehicle, engine, fuel cell, or onboard and offboard device for storing and releasing hydrogen (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention is capable of decreasing temperature and improving rates for hydrogen release. It minimizes undesirable reaction products that contaminate the released hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method comprising storing hydrogen by providing a compound capable of storing hydrogen supported by a high surface area material support configured as a layered composite. The compound releases hydrogen at a greater rate and lower temperature compared with the compound.
NOVELTY - A hinge for positioning of left and right panels of solar cells, has a coating disposed over a top film for passing the UV light for curing the curing resin and for static discharge protection of the film.    USE - For positioning left and right panels of solar cells used in powering a spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an inflatable hinge which can rigidly position solar cell panels and interconnect the hinge to system ground bus through flex circuits.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hinge for positioning of left and right panels of solar cells, comprises an inflatable bladder for encapsulating an inflation material; a top film extending between the left and right panels and encapsulating a curing resin; and a bottom film extending the left and right panels. The top and bottom films are circumferentially disposed about the bladder. The top film has a top circumferential length. The bottom film has a bottom circumferential length. The top and bottom circumferential lengths angularly position the left and right panels. A coating is disposed over the top film for passing the UV light for curing the curing resin and for static discharge protection of the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagram of top contact deposition.
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell comprises a carrier substrate layer (10), a front contact layer (20) deposited on the substrate, a thin film silicon solar cell layer (30) deposited on the front contact layer, and a back contact (62) deposited on the thin film silicon solar cell layer. The back contact comprises a transparent conductive oxide contact layer (42) and a pigmented dielectric back reflective white media layer (52).    USE - As a photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive cell has improved light trapping capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a thin film silicon solar cell comprising a back contact having a transparent conductive oxide contact layer, and a pigmented dielectric back reflective white media layer adhered to the transparent conductive oxide contact layer, where the transparent conductive oxide contact layer has a thickness of 0.5-5 microns.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an illustration of a thin film silicon solar cell using back contact technology.    Carrier substrate layer (10)    Front contact layer (20)    Thin film silicon solar cell layer (30)    Transparent conductive oxide contact layer (42)    Back reflective layer (52)    Back contact (62)
NOVELTY - A composite film is a microfibrous filler dispersed in a polymer matrix or a polymer-impregnated nonwoven microfiber mat.    USE - The composite film is for production of a thin polyimide or polymer film. It is used as substrate (claimed) for deposition of a silicon thin film transistor array for the manufacture of flexible flat panel displays and solar cells as laminates in flex circuits.    ADVANTAGE - The film has reduced coefficient of thermal expansion, increased elastic modulus, improved dimensional stability and reduced variability of properties. It is more cost effective than an unfilled film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing a thin polyimide film comprising:    (a) bonding a polyimide film on a layer of aluminum foil;    (b) bonding the product of (a) with an epoxy, the fabrication to a substrate film of a microfibrous filler dispersed in a polymer matrix, or polymer-impregnated nonwoven microfiber mat; and    (c) etching by removing the aluminum foil to leave a polyimide surface film.
NOVELTY - The invention is pertaining to the field of growing of polycrystalline layers from a melt of silicon and may be used in production of solar cells (photo-converters) Substance of the invention: the device consists of a crucible for a melt mounted inside a heater, a substrates connected to gears of their relocation and a capillary feeding mechanism. The substrates are made out of a carbonic reticulated fabric, and the capillary feeding mechanism consists of two horizontal sections, located to the left and to the right of the crucible, each of which has a tail swathed by harnesses out of a carbonic thread. The crucible is made with the bottom hollow elongated spout supplied with an independent heater, under the crucible there is a tank for a drain of the crucible residue, the inner surface of which is coated by a layer of a hexagonal boron nitride, and above the crucible a vibrating feeder for feeding the ground silicon is mounted.    USE - Devices for continuous grouped growing of the orientated layers of silicon on a carbonic fabric.    ADVANTAGE - The invention ensures growing of polycrystallic layers from a melt of silicon.1 dwg
NOVELTY - A fuel cartridge (5) has a fuel tank (6) and a water removal apparatus (7) which are accommodated in interior of cartridge container. The apparatus (7) is accommodated with an adsorption agent (8).    USE - For fuel cell apparatus used as power supply for portable electronic device (both claimed) such as personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile telephone, digital video, digital camera, portable television, handheld game machine, radio cassette recorder, compact disk, mini disk, portable printer, portable scanner, audio visual apparatus and portable information terminal, and for emergency power supply in outdoors, such as flash light and radio.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cartridge reliably enables the replacement of adsorption agent, and is compact and stable. The fuel cell apparatus is easily started, and fuel cartridge is easily regenerated. The portable electronic device equipped with fuel cell apparatus has high reliability and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell apparatus including an electric power generation portion (1) connected with a fuel accommodation portion (2), a fuel supply portion (3) for supplying fuel to portion (1) and a water treatment portion (4) for removing water generated in portion (1), the fuel tank of portion (2) and water removal apparatus of portion (4) being accommodated in the fuel cartridge;    (2) fuel replacement method of fuel cell apparatus, which involves replacing the fuel cartridge; and    (3) portable electronic device, which has the fuel cell apparatus as power supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of structure of fuel cell apparatus.    Electric power generation portion (1)    Fuel accommodating portion (2)    Fuel supply portion (3)    Water treatment portion (4)    Fuel cartridge (5)    Fuel tank (6)    Water removal apparatus (7)    Adsorption agent (8)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell removes electron from carbon compound contained in the biological fuel by oxidation reaction by irradiation of light of 300-1000 nm. The electron produced by light irradiation is guided by an external electric circuit through the oxide semiconductor.    USE - For generating electric power from biological fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Enables conversion of chemical energy of biological fuel into electrical energy, reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the biological cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A combustion apparatus has an outer air chamber (20) provided independent of an air chamber (18) provided at the upstream side of an air ejection unit (10). A pneumatic controller (23) regulates the quantity of air supplied to an outer air chamber so that the combustion gas (31) is cooled by the air supplied to the outer air chamber.    USE - For hydrogen generation device of fuel cell for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents carbon deposition on catalyst layer due to rapid temperature rise and improves durability of catalyst layer by cooling combustion gas with air supplied to outer air chamber. Enables to maintain favorable combustion and continue heating only by injection of water vapor without performing nitrogen purge in catalyst layer and prevents generation of carbon monoxide without disturbing flame even while diluting combustion gas with surplus air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the whole structure of the hydrogen generation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    distributor (9)    air ejection unit (10)    air (11)    combustion chamber (15)    air chamber (18)    outer air chamber (20)    pneumatic controller (23)    combustion gas (31)
NOVELTY - The gas charging system (1a) has several tanks (10A-10D) connected to gas supply pipe (14) at one end and to control valve pressure regulator (16) through control valves (12A-12D). The control valves are opened so that gas in each tank circulates through pressure regulator to set identical pressure in each tank, before gas charging is started.    USE - For charging gas such as hydrogen gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) used for fuel cell system mounted on electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to fill gas in each tank with identical pressure, thereby suppressing temperature rise during gas charging and improving reliability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of gas charging system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    gas charging system (1a)    tanks (10A-10D)    control valves (12A-12D)    gas supply pipe (14)    pressure regulator (16)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen supply apparatus (30) has several hydrogen tanks (A1,A2,B1,B2) divided into several groups and shut off valves (D1-D4) interrupting the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen tanks. A drive circuit (41) controls opening and closing of all the shut off valves (D1,D2) of the hydrogen tanks (A1,A2) belonging to the same group.    USE - For supplying hydrogen gas to fuel cell in fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces number of components by controlling opening and closing of shut off valves of hydrogen tanks of same group with single drive circuit. Improves variation in usage frequency of each hydrogen tank by changing discharge order of hydrogen gas of each hydrogen tank of each group at each time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell system (10)    fuel cell (20)    hydrogen supply apparatus (30)    control apparatus (40)    drive circuit (41,42)    hydrogen tank (A1,A2,B1,B2)    shut off valve (D1-D6)
NOVELTY - A temperature sensor (8) measures the temperature of steam supplied to a modifier (3) from a steam generator (2). A controller (H) monitors whether measured temperature of the steam, exists in preset temperature range. The abnormal modification processing of original fuel, is determined when the measured temperature does not exist in the preset temperature range.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reliable and inexpensive modification processing of original fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the steam modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    steam generator (2)    modifier (3)    combustor (4)    temperature sensor (8)    warning unit (9)    controller (H)
NOVELTY - The container (11) has a concave portion and a cover (4) covering the concave portion, for accommodating a fuel modifier (9) which floats in the space between the cover and the bottom face of concave portion. A feed pipe (5a) and discharge pipe (5b) are brazed by a board (10) which has a through hole anodically bonded to the glass surface of the fuel modifier.    USE - For accommodating fuel modifier of fuel cell system used for portable apparatus such as mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), notebook personal computer (PC), digital cam corder and digital still camera.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses transmission of heat generated in fuel modifier to container. Prevents thermal stress produced between fuel modifier, feed pipe and discharge pipe. Prevents crack in the glass surface of fuel modifier. The electric power generation efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the container for fuel modifier.    base (1)    cover (4)    feed pipe (5a)    discharge pipe (5b)    fuel modifier (9)    board (10)    container (11)
NOVELTY - The apparatus modifies mixed gas containing source gas and water-vapor to hydrogen rich reformed gas by water-vapor modification reaction, while passing through modification catalyst unit (14).    USE - For generating hydrogen gas using water-vapor modification reaction.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves simplification gas passageway structure by flowing the mixed gas to catalyst unit and recovers heat radiation of catalyst unit efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of hydrogen generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen generation apparatus (10)    cylindrical water evaporation unit (13)    modification catalyst unit (14)    heat exchange unit (60)    heat insulation element (62)
NOVELTY - A controller (6) switches ON/OFF of power supply of mobile telephone (7) in response to control signal from a control unit (8). When control unit receives signal indicating abnormality of environment temperature, hydrogen leakage and circulating water temperature of fuel cell system (1), and temperature of hydrogen tank (2), a signal is provided to controller to turn ON mobile telephone for notifying an emergency report to user.    USE - Fuel-cell vehicle with mobile telephone, personal handy system (PHS) and vehicle telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Notifies user/service center about abnormality of fuel-cell vehicle efficiently. Also suppresses exhaustion of power by switching ON the mobile phone in case of emergency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel-cell vehicle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell system (1)    hydrogen tank (2)    controller (6)    mobile telephone (7)    control unit (8)    sensors (10,12-15)
NOVELTY - The impurity diffused layers (5,6) are simultaneously formed with respect to light receiving surface and other surface side of the silicon substrate (1). The impurity diffused layer formed at light receiving surface is removed, by etching the light receiving surface to depth deeper than impurity diffused layer.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the manufacturing cost of the solar cell. Manufactures high quality solar cell with excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of manufacturing process of a solar cell.    substrate (1)    diffusion prevention film (4)    diffused layer (5,6)    pyramid shape (9)    passivation film (10)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor microparticle paste contains titanium dioxide microparticles, tetraisopropoxy titanium and organic solvent. The content of tetraisopropoxy titanium is 10-40 wt.pts with respect to 100 wt.pts of titanium dioxide microparticles. The microparticle paste has solid content concentration of 25-50 wt.%.    USE - For forming porous semiconductor layer used for cathode of dye-sensitized solar cell used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor microparticle paste enables the formation of semiconductor porous layer at low temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of dye-sensitized solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent electrode substrate (1)    semiconductor porous layer (3)    sensitizing dye (5)    cathode (7)    electrolyte liquid (8)    anode (10)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor paste obtained by dispersing metal-oxide semiconductor in organic solvent, is applied on electroconductive substrate (1), and dried to form semiconductor coating layer. The obtained layer is contacted with a pigment solution, such that pigment (5) is adsorbed to the coating layer by adsorption treatment, and a porous semiconductor layer (3) is formed. The resulting laminate is baked to obtain a cathode (7).    USE - For manufacturing cathode for dye-sensitized solar cell used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The cathode is economically obtained with high productivity. The absorption time of the pigment to semiconductor layer is sharply shortened. The dye-sensitized solar cell having the cathode has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal-oxide semiconductor is titanium dioxide microparticles. The metal-oxide contained in semiconductor paste is metal alkoxide such as tetra-isopropoxy titanium. The pigment is ruthenium-type transition metal complex. The electroconductive substrate is resin-made substrate having electrically conductive film on a transparent resin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell having cathode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electroconductive substrate (1)    transparent conductive layer (1b)    porous semiconductor layer (3)    sensitizing dye (5)    cathode (7)
NOVELTY - A composite thin film comprising a metal portion containing a metal component (I) and a metallic compound portion containing another metal component (II), is formed on a substrate by mutually mixing and dispersing the metal components (I, II). The metal comprising the metal component (I) is sputtered using a sputtering target, a metal portion in the film is removed, and a porous thin film is manufactured.    USE - Used for the formation of a porous thin film used for electrodes and photocatalysts of dye-sensitized solar cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process produces a porous thin film having good photocatalytic ability, photoelectric conversion efficiency and high specific surface area. The dye-sensitized solar cell is formed efficiently and economically, without performing a special apparatus design change.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal component (I) is zinc, chromium, aluminum, indium, tin, antimony, copper, silicon, silver, manganese, iron, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium and/or their alloys. The metal component (II) is titanium.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) dye-sensitized solar cell; and    (2) a porous thin film photocatalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the dye-sensitized solar cell.    substrate (11)    transparent electrode (12)    metal-oxide semiconductor film (13)    counter electrode (14)    sealing agent (15)
NOVELTY - The standard electrode has a tube-like polymeric electrolyte film (1) supported with a platinum group metal and/or its alloy (2) at the inner surface.    USE - For measuring the electric potential of fuel electrode when testing fuel cell (claimed). Also used as micro-chemical sensor, biosensor, and in other electrochemical tests.    ADVANTAGE - The standard electrode has excellent electric potential stability and reduced size. The tube-like polymeric electrolyte film has excellent flexibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for test device of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the standard electrode.    tube-like polymeric electrolyte film (1)    platinum and/or alloy (2)    solution of an electrochemical type (3)    hydrogen gas (4)    external terminal (5)    electrode outer cylinder (6)
NOVELTY - An amphiphilic hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivative (1) is new.    USE - For ribbon-like or tube-like self-integration component of nano size (claimed) used for nano devices such as casting mold of gelatinizer of organic solvent, adsorption agent, catalyst support, sensor, inorganic organic composite material, molecule conducting wire, non-linear optics material, electrolyte of lithium cell, solar cell material, fuel cell material and nano solenoid.    ADVANTAGE - The amphiphilic hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivative provides nano scale molecule by self-assembling. The nano scale molecule does not contain impurities such as metal and has uniform size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An amphiphilic hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivative of formula (1) is new.    R1=alkyl;    R2=C6H4OCH2CH2(OCH2CH2)_NOR3 or onium salt;    R3=hydrogen atom or alkyl;    n=positive integer;and    X=hydrogen atom or organic group.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for self-integration component of nano size, which is formed using a solution which consists of the amphiphilic hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivative, and 1 or more solvent.
NOVELTY - The spherical silicon powder is a powder obtained by solidification of silicon. The spherical silicon powder has spheroidization rate, which is ratio of number of powder particles having sphericity degree of 95% or more, and powder particles having sphericity degree of 80% or more. The sphericity degree of powder particles is derived from a specific relation.    USE - For solar cell element used for electronic devices, such as mobile telephone and earphone.    ADVANTAGE - The spherical silicon powder has high stability, mass production property and spheroidization rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The spherical silicon powder is a powder obtained by solidification of silicon. The spherical silicon powder has spheroidization rate, which is ratio of number of powder particles having sphericity degree of 95% or more, and powder particles having sphericity degree of 80% or more. The sphericity degree of powder particles is derived from a relation: (maximum diameter/ projected area diameter calculated from cross section)x100.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of spherical silicon powder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of apparatus used for producing silicon spherical powder.    raw-material silicon powder (1)    raw-material particle-supply machine (2)    plasma torch (3)    thermal plasma (4)    operation gas (5)
NOVELTY - A catalyst layer transfer sheet has a platinum-containing catalyst layer (5) and a transmissive layer (2) for gas and liquid, sequentially formed on the surface of a base material sheet (1). The transmissive layer has a hydrophilic region (3) and a hydrophobic region (4).    USE - Used for a catalyst layer-electrolyte film laminate for a fuel battery cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst layer transfer sheet has good hydrophilicity and water repellent property, and is manufactured easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of a catalyst layer transfer sheet. A hydrophobic material layer is formed on one surface of a base material sheet, and a photocatalyst-containing layer is contacted with the hydrophobic material layer. Light irradiation is carried out to the hydrophobic material layer through the photocatalyst-containing layer. A platinum-containing catalyst layer is formed on the hydrophobic material layer after light irradiation, to obtain the catalyst layer transfer sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the catalyst layer transfer sheet.    base material sheet (1)    transmissive layer (2)    hydrophilic region (3)    hydrophobic region (4)    platinum-containing catalyst layer (5)
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte film with a catalyst layer has platinum-containing catalyst layers (2, 3) formed on one or both surfaces of a solid electrolyte film (1) and a gas- and liquid-permeable layer (4) formed on the platinum-containing catalyst layer. The permeable layer has hydrophilic regions (4a) and hydrophobic regions (4b).    USE - Used for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Solid electrolyte film having a catalyst layer has outstanding hydrophilicity and water repellency. A catalyst layer-electrolyte film composite having favorable hydrophilicity and water repellency is provided using the solid electrolyte film with the catalyst layer. A fuel cell having the required property is manufactured using the electrolyte film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell, which contains the above electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solid electrolyte film with catalyst layer.    solid electrolyte film (1)    platinum containing catalyst layer (2,3)    gas and liquid permeable layer (4)    hydrophilic region of gas and liquid permeable layer (4a)    hydrophobic region of gas and liquid permeable layer (4b)
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises a vinylidene-fluoride group polymer cross-linked material as structural component, a redox agent consisting of iodine and its compound, and an electrolyte liquid.    USE - For iodine redox system electrochemical elements, such as dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gel electrolyte has excellent aging stability and high ionic conductivity. Highly efficient solar cell, without troubles such as liquid spill is manufactured conveniently using the gel electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of the gel electrolyte, which involves adding secondary amine to electrolyte liquid and vinylidene-fluoride group polymer, reacting and forming double bond, adding redox agent consisting of iodine and its compound and polyamine, and performing cross-linking reaction; and    (2) dye-sensitized solar cell consisting of the gel-electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    transparent electroconductive substrate (1)    counter electrode substrate (2)    semiconductor layer (3)    electrolyte layer (4)    sealant (5)
NOVELTY - The sheet is formed by maintaining the pore making material with fluidity in porous sheet main portion which uses conductive material with corrosion resistance as base material. The sheet is heated to pass the pore making material into the sheet and form a pore.    USE - For manufacturing gaseous diffusion element for fuel cell (claimed) for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the vertical and surface direction gas permeability in gaseous diffusion element, reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart explaining the gaseous diffusion element manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A water dispersion containing a resin and titanium oxide, is electrodeposited with respect to a base material. The electrodeposition film obtained is baked to form a titanium oxide film. The water dispersion is transparent.    USE - For photoelectric converting layer of dye sensitizing solar cells and outdoor structures such as guard rail.    ADVANTAGE - The method forms titanium oxide film having excellent transparency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) titanium oxide film formed by above method; and    (2) water dispersion used for manufacturing titanium oxide film.
NOVELTY - A mold is formed using a composition for metal oxide nano material formation, on a solid base material. The composition contains an organic compound having phenolic hydroxyl group and molecular weight of 500 or more. A metal oxide layer is formed on the mold. The mold is removed to form a metal oxide nano structure.    USE - For manufacturing nano material used as biological functional material incorporating protein such as enzyme, and biomedical material, for manufacturing semiconductor super lattice material, for electrochemical reaction, photochemical reaction and solar cell. As coating film for photocatalyst and superhydrophilic surface.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of nano material with various shapes is enabled efficiently and reliably. The manufacturing cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) composition for metal oxide nano material formation;    (2) mold which is obtained using the composition; and    (3) metal oxide layer which is formed on the mold.
NOVELTY - Apparatus supplies fuel and air (15b,17b) to reformer pre-heater (34) connected to an inlet (36) of catalytic reformer (12). The reformer reforms hydrocarbon to provide hydrogen-containing reformate fuel (40) to anodes of fuel cell stack (16) to exhaust anode syngas (31). A portion of about 20-60% of syngas is recycled to inlet of the reformer. Another portion of the syngas is recycled to inlet of combustor (14).    USE - For use as auxiliary power unit in vehicle (claimed), to generate electricity by combining oxygen with hydrogen-containing fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of hydrocarbon catalytic reformer by recycling a percentage of anode syngas directly into the reformer. Prevents contamination of fuel cell anodes by eliminating need for exogenous water and oxygen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) vehicle; and    (b) method for operating high temperature fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    catalytic reformer (12)    combustor (14)    fuel (15b)    fuel cell stack (16)    air (17b)    syngas (31)    reformer pre-heater (34)    inlet (36)    reformate fuel (40)
NOVELTY - A metal object is produced by applying a boundary formed from an electrically insulating material to an electroforming die; depositing metal on uncovered electrically conductive parts of the die in an electroplating bath; removing the metal deposit from the die; and removing the metal growth which has been deposited in a central region of the die from the metal deposit to obtain the metal object with a continuous opening.    USE - For producing, by electroplating, a metal object, e.g. screens, solar cells, collectors and vapor deposition masks.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces a metal object with a high degree of accuracy and very low tolerances.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production, by electroplating, of a metal object having continuous opening(s) that is delimited by metal dykes (16) includes:    (a) applying a boundary (20) formed from an electrically insulating material to an electroforming die (10) corresponding to a periphery of the opening that is to be formed, so that the boundary leaves uncovered a central region (22) of the die;    (b) depositing metal on uncovered electrically conductive parts of the die in an electroplating bath;    (c) removing the metal deposit from the die; and    (d) removing the metal growth (24) which has been deposited in the central region from the metal deposit to obtain the metal object with the opening.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a method of producing a metal object.    Electroforming die (10)    Metal dykes (16)    Boundary (20)    Central region (22)    Metal growth (24)
NOVELTY - The composite article (10) has a pair of polymeric substrate layers (20,24) including diffusion-inhibiting barriers (30,34) on one of their surfaces. The barriers which face each other within the composite article, have multilayer structure of alternating sub-layers of organic polymeric material and inorganic material.    USE - For electronic device, e.g. organic electroluminescent device (OELD) and organic photovoltaic (PV) device. Also used in packaging of foodstuffs.    ADVANTAGE - The novel article tolerates a large degree of compression or tension due to bending or flexing, improves diffusion-inhibiting property relative to structure having single diffusion-inhibiting barriers. The diffusion rates of chemical species including oxygen, water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, solvents through the composite article are reduced, thereby preventing the diffusion of such chemical species into the electronic device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) An apparatus comprising composite article and electronic device;    (2) A method for manufacturing composite article; and    (3) A method for manufacturing apparatus comprising composite article and electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above composite article.    composite article (10)    polymeric substrate layers (20,24)    diffusion-inhibiting barriers (30,34)    adhesive layer (40)
NOVELTY - The laminated film has a transparent conductive layer provided on one surface of a polyester film. The transparent conductive layer has surface tension of more than or equal to 40 mN/m or more.    USE - For electrode (claimed) of dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The laminated film has excellent adhesion between transparent conductive layer and porous semiconductor layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell has high photovoltaic capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrode; and    (2) manufacture of electrode.
NOVELTY - The casting mold has a bottom plate and four side plates. The mold has a coupling structure comprising a projection provided in a side plate (3b) for fitting into a corresponding recess in an adjacent side plate (3a).    USE - Casting mold used for casting silicon ingot used for manufacturing polycrystalline silicon substrate used in solar cells for use in houses and large-scale electric-power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The mold is easily assembled/disassembled without using screws or bolts. The assembling/disassembling work of the mold is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sides of each side plate are provided with the projection and the recess, respectively. The dimension (d) between the upper edge of side plate with the projection and a fitting surface (4a) of the adjacent plate, is 1-8 cm.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) method of forming casting mold, which involves applying a release material to the surface of the bottom plate and the side plates, and drying the release material. The plates are assembled in the form of a box, such that the surface at which the release material is applied serves as the inner side of the box. A release material is applied to a securing portion consisting of the four corners and eight ridgeline portions comprised by the plates; and    (2) manufacturing method of polycrystalline silicon substrate which involves casting a silicon ingot using the casting mold and obtaining the substrate from the ingot.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the casting mold.    casting mold (1)    side plate (3a,3b)    fitting surface (4a)    dimension (d)
NOVELTY - A metal oxide dispersion comprises metal oxide particles with necking structure in a solvent. A liquid droplet contact angle of the dispersion to indium-tin-oxide film is 0-60degrees.    USE - Used for metal oxide electrode film used in dye sensitized solar cell, preferably building material, lighting equipment, a windowpane, a machine, a vehicle, a appliance, an agricultural material, device, a cellular phone, a beauty tool, a handheld terminal, a Personal Digital Assistant, an industrial tool, tableware, bath goods, furniture, clothing, a cloth product, a product, a paper product, a resin product, sporting goods, bedding, container, spectacle, billboard, piping, wiring, metal fitting, hygiene material, automobile equipment, stationery, emblem, hat, bag, shoe, umbrella, window shade, balloon, rod sign, street light, toy, ornament, traffic light, bulletin board, outdoor product such as tent and cooler box, artificial flower, power source for cardiac pacemaker, power-generating function, a light-emitting function, a heat-generating function, and sound-generating function (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method provides electrode having high mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a method for producing electrode for dye-sensitive solar cells, comprising coating the oxide dispersion on electrically conducting resin substrate to form oxide electrode film comprising metal oxide bound on the electrically conducting resin substrate; and    (2) a method for coating the metal oxide dispersion on electrically conducting resin substrate comprising using the above method.
NOVELTY - A proton-exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer, a diffusion layer, and a membrane-electrode assembly including the polymer electrolyte membrane. The catalyst layer includes a fibrous electric conductive material.    USE - For use as a power generation system for a vehicle or as a stationary power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell includes a membrane electrode with stability and high durability. It has high cell performance and longevity because damage to the polymer electrolyte membrane in the catalyst layers by the carbon fibers is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A proton-exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer on a surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, a diffusion layer on a surface of the catalyst layer, and a membrane-electrode assembly. The membrane-electrode assembly includes the polymer electrolyte membrane, catalyst layer, and diffusion layer. The catalyst layer includes a fibrous electric conductive material. A content of the fibrous electric conductive material in a region around a first end portion of the catalyst layer close to the diffusion layer in thickness direction is greater than a content of the fibrous electric conductive material in a region around a second end portion of the catalyst layer close to the polymer electrolyte membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an overview of a cross-section of a membrane electrode assembly.
NOVELTY - A emitter wrap through solar cell is made by providing semiconductor wafer (12) with front and rear surfaces and holes connecting these surfaces; applying first dopant diffusion source on rear surface in pattern having rear surface holes; applying second dopant diffusion source on rear surface in pattern not having rear surface holes; and diffusing dopants from first and second dopant diffusion sources into the wafer by firing.    USE - Used in the manufacture of EWT solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provide higher efficiency EWT solar cells made by a simple and cost effective manufacturing process. It provides a method for increased doping within conductive vias, thereby providing for EWT solar cells with decreased series resistance. It provides a manufacturing process employing diffusion barriers, and preferably diffusion barriers which also serve as a dopant source, to provide for improved back-contact junction properties. It provides for discrete but simultaneous diffusion of two different dopants, an n-dopant and p-dopant. It provides improved and simpler methods of producing EWT solar cells at a decreased cost. It provides methods wherein conductive vias and associated grid lines on the rear surface, and optionally dopant lines on the front surface, are more heavily doped with an n+ dopant, preferably phosphorus, than are the remaining surface areas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-section showing step of a fabrication sequence for making back-contact EWT cell using printed diffusion barrier.    Wafer (12)    Diffusion barriers (90)    N+ diffusion layers (92)    Aluminum grid substrate (96)    Gold grid substrate (98)
NOVELTY - A solar cell is made by scribing groove(s) in a cell substrate, disposing a self-doping contact material within the groove, and heating the self-doping contact material, thus simultaneously doping and metallizing the groove.    USE - For making a solar cell for the generation of electrical power directly from light.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method is simple and provides for simultaneous doping and formation of a metal contact in a buried-contact solar cell. It provides a less expensive solar cell with a minimum of grid obscuration. It provides for elimination of numerous steps including elimination of heavy phosphorus diffusion steps and separate steps for electroless plating or other introduction of metals to form the buried contact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a solar cell made by the inventive method; and    (b) a substrate for making a solar cell, comprising a planar semiconductor substrate with a front surface and a back surface, groove(s) scribed in a surface of the substrate, and a self-doping material disposed within the groove.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross section of a buried contact solar cell subsequent to annealing.    Silicon substrate (10)    Diffusion layer (12)    Dielectric layer (18)    Doped silicon layer (70)    Silver contact (80)
NOVELTY - A filtration system comprises a matrix of microfibers; support, adsorbent, or reactive particulates and/or fibers entrapped within the matrix; and a preselected reactive material impregnated into the matrix and supported by the particulates and/or fibers. The filtration system can remove contaminants from liquid or gaseous streams.    USE - The filtration system is used for removing contaminants from liquid or gaseous streams, e.g. for removing hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide from a gaseous stream. It may be used in fuel cells, lubricant filtration, gas masks, air handling, and water purification.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive filtration system enables staged removal of contaminants from liquid, gaseous, or air stream. It permits the reaction medium to operate in a variety of orientational, geometrical, and vibrational environments without the traditional concerns for the influences of gravity, flow rate, and fluidization versus particle size or density-based thermal convection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of integrated H2S and PROX CO removal units utilizing microfibrous entrapped PROX CO catalyst and H2S sorbent.    Integrated reactor (12)
NOVELTY - Dye-sensitized solar cell (I) comprises: a first electrode (having a first surface) formed with a light transmissive material; a second electrode having a second surface (having convexo-concave portions) facing the first surface of first electrode; a porous layer formed on the first surface of first electrode facing the second electrode; a dye absorbed on the porous layer; and an electrolyte impregnated between the first and second electrodes.    USE - For making windows for the outer walls of buildings or in making glass houses.    ADVANTAGE - (I) has an improved electrode structure that enhances its energy efficiency. The production of (I) involves relatively easy processing steps and low production cost compared to the production of conventional silicon solar cells. (I) enhances the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The convexo-concave portions serve to scatter the light and decrease electron recombination to increase the open circuit voltage and short circuit current to provide enhanced energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: manufacturing (I) with first and second electrodes, by: preparing a first electrode and a second electrode; forming a porous layer on a surface of the first electrode; absorbing a dye at the porous layer; forming convexo-concave portions at a surface of the second electrode; arranging the first and the second electrodes so that the surface of the second electrode with the convexo-concave portions faces the porous layer of the first electrode; and injecting an electrolyte between the first electrode and the second electrode.
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized solar cell comprises first electrode (10) having light transmission material; porous layer (30) formed on first electrode surface; composite dye absorbed to the porous layer; second electrode (20) facing the porous layer on the first electrode; and electrolyte (50) impregnated between the first and second electrodes. The composite dye comprises dye materials (41, 42).    USE - For converting solar energy into electric energy based on photosynthesis.    ADVANTAGE - The invented dye-sensitized solar cell has effective wavelength range for light energy absorption and enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising preparing first and second electrodes; forming a porous layer on a surface of the first electrode; preparing a composite dye having dye materials; absorbing the composite dye to the porous layer; positioning the first electrode; impregnating an electrolyte between the first and second electrodes; and attaching the first and second electrodes to each other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a dye-sensitized solar cell.    Electrode (10, 40)    Conductive film (12)    Substrate (12)    Porous layer (30)    Dye materials (41, 42)    Electrolyte (50)
NOVELTY - Oxygen concentration of the oxidizing-agent gas in the fuel cell (30) is increased during running of the fuel cell.    USE - For testing of polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell (claimed) used for portable devices, electric vehicle, and domestic co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deterioration of the polyelectrolyte during driving of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polyelectrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic vie of the fuel cell system.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (30)    oxidizing-agent flow path (31)    fuel gas flow path (32)    drain tank (33,34)    pump (35)
NOVELTY - Fuel-storage-chamber (3) supplies liquid fuel (F) to a fuel cell through a connector (24) by compressed-gas (G) filled in an air chamber (4). A valve (7) connects\disconnects fuel-storage-chamber and connector. The falling prevention elements (53) are provided in a dividing wall (5) which divides liquid fuel and compressed-gas, and protruded along wall surface of the fuel-storage-chamber in sliding direction.    USE - For storing and supplying liquid fuel such as methanol aqueous solution to fuel cell e.g. direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) used for personal computer, notebook personal computer, and personal digital assistant (PDA), etc.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents failure of the fuel supply operation by preventing fluctuation of the fuel pressure. Ensures effective sealing state of liquid fuel. Prevents falling of the dividing wall by falling prevention elements.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel container.    fuel-storage-chamber (3)    air chamber (4)    dividing wall (5)    valve (7)    connector (24)    falling prevention elements (53)    liquid fuel (F)    compressed=gas (G)
NOVELTY - The pressure in each tower (60a-60c) of a pressure swing absorption (PSA) mechanism (42) is detected. The residual gas for excess pressure is supplied and is burned in the tower having higher pressure, when judging existence of the tower with higher pressure than preset pressure. The residual gas for excess pressure, is ejected before starting the fuel gas purification system (10).    USE - For starting fuel gas manufacturing apparatus such as domestic fuel gas purification system used for hydrogen-rich fuel gas used in fuel-cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables maintenance of each tower in the PSA mechanism in favorable state. Prevents abnormal stop of the drive of the fuel gas manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a domestic fuel gas purification system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel-gas purification system (10)    combustor (20)    PSA mechanism (42)    towers (60a-60c)    fuel gas path (76)
NOVELTY - Several spaced apart hydrogen permeable metal layers (22) integrated with electrolyte layer (21) are formed along with oxidation gas passage (32) and fuel gas path (30). When purge gas without hydrogen passes into the passage (32), the support region (S) of the hydrogen permeable metal layer is exposed to purge gas and the hydrogen in metal layer is ejected into purge gas during stoppage of the hydrogen gas supply unit.    USE - Hydrogen extraction apparatus for extracting hydrogen from hydrogen containing gas, in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By supplying purge gas, embrittlement of the hydrogen permeable metal layer due to residual hydrogen is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell equipped with hydrogen permeable metallic layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the fuel cell stack.    electrolyte layer (21)    hydrogen permeable metal layer (22)    fuel gas path (30)    oxidation gas passage (32)    support region (S)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has hydrogen containing mixed gas circulation path (3) which is arranged in the hydrogen separation film layer side of hydrogen separation element main portion (2), such that the baffle plate does not contact the hydrogen separation film layer (2b).    USE - For separating hydrogen of high purity from hydrogen containing mixed gas, for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The reduction of hydrogen permeation amount accompanying hydrogen pressure reduction of film vicinity, is prevented. the capability improvement is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the hydrogen separation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    container (1)    discharge nozzle (1b)    hydrogen separation element main portion (2)    hydrogen separation film layer (2b)    hydrogen containing mixed gas circulation path (3)
NOVELTY - The catalyst support material comprises porous metal structure having three-dimensional network structure, covered with Delta alumina. The face-distance of d2 value and d1 value of (040) surface and (046) surface obtained from the position of X-ray diffraction peak-mesial-magnitude width of crystal surface are 1.920-2.035 Angstrom and 1.360-1.425 Angstrom , respectively.    USE - For porous metal group catalyst (claimed) used for modifying hydrocarbon, such as hydrogen gas, natural gas, methanol and coal gas, used by modifier of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst support material provides modifier having excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous metal of the three-dimensional network structure consists of ferrous group heat-resistant alloy, chromium and nickel group heat-resistant alloy. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for porous metal group catalyst used for modifying hydrocarbon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the X-ray diffraction figure demonstrating face-distance d2 value and d1 value of crystal plane. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The zinc-containing metal oxide semiconductor has zinc oxide tetrahedron crystal structure. The co-ordination number of oxygen atom of zinc oxide tetrahedron is controlled to form zinc oxide tri-coordinated or two-coordinated structure, having small band gap and extended functional wavelength in long wavelength region.    USE - As photocatalyst for oxygen and hydrogen production, photocatalyst for water splitting, photocatalyst for chemical substance decomposition, photocatalyst for chemical substance manufacture, as solar cell element for electrical storage apparatus or electrical power generation apparatus, as light emitting element for image display apparatus, signal apparatus and communication apparatus, and as optical detection element for optical detection apparatus (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The band gap of zinc-containing metal oxide semiconductor is controlled by controlling the coordination number of oxygen element with respect to divalent zinc. The functional wavelength region of photocatalyst formed using metal oxide semiconductor, is extended to long wavelength region such as visible region. The photocatalyst is efficiently used for generation of hydrogen or oxygen from water. The metal oxide semiconductor has high photocatalytic function, solar power function, light emitting function and optical detection function. Crystal structure is controlled without adding toxic heavy metal element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for zincic acid compound semiconductor comprising zinc-containing metal oxide semiconductor of wurtzite structure, in which 1 or 2 oxygen atom is removed from ZnO4 structure to form zinc-oxide tri-coordinated or two-coordinated structure.
NOVELTY - A silicon substrate is immersed in a mixed acid aqueous solution containing 36-46 wt.% of hydrofluoric acid and 2-10 wt.% of nitric acid for etching the substrate. The mixed acid aqueous solution is again used for performing etching process after mixing an alkali metal salt with the mixed acid aqueous solution and producing a precipitate of potassium hydrofluoric acid alkali (sic).    USE - For silicon substrate for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to manufacture solar cell with high conversion efficiency by reducing reflectance of silicon substrate surface by stabilizing etching rate by controlling potassium hydrofluoric acid ion concentration in etching liquid in fixed range.
NOVELTY - The reactive ion etch apparatus comprises side wall (14) including inner flat surfaces (18a-18f) formed surrounding the board and aperture plate, such that the angle between the two adjacent inner flat surfaces is more than 90degrees.    USE - For manufacturing of polysilicon solar cell element.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell element with stable discharge is manufactured efficiently using simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar cell element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of side wall of etch apparatus.    side wall (14)    inner flat surfaces (18a-18f)    curved surface (19a)
NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises several contact portions (7) formed at reverse-side electrode (6), at specific region corresponding to outer shape of surface electrode (5), along a direction orthogonal to light receiving surface.    USE - Used in solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves adhesion strength of reverse-side electrode without impairing the property of reverse-side electric field region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    silicon substrate (1)    reverse-side electric field region (4a)    surface electrode (5)    reverse-side electrode (6)    contact portions (7)
NOVELTY - A solar cell (10) has an electrically conductive film (12) containing a metallic element and a O group element formed on a substrate (11). A semiconductor film (13) containing Ib, IIIb and VIb group elements and an element contained in the substrate is formed on the electrically conductive film.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves uniformity of energy conversion efficiency in surface direction by using electrically conductive film containing O group element. Realizes expansion of solar cell by equalizing energy conversion efficiency in surface direction. Improves energy conversion efficiency of solar cell by forming semiconductor film containing predetermined group elements. Prevents generation of crystal defect in semiconductor film by metallic element and thereby excels in crystallinity and enables formation of semiconductor film having high carrier density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar cell.    solar cell (10)    substrate (11)    electrically conductive film (12)    semiconductor film (13)    window layer (14)    transparent electrically conductive film (15)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module has connection wirings (21a-21d) connected to electrodes of each solar cell elements (20). The connection wirings (21a-21d) connected to coupling wiring, is covered using solder containing tin, silver and copper. The connection wiring not coupled to coupling wiring is covered using solder containing tin, bismuth and silver.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of neither crack nor notch formation in solar cell element. Hence reliability of the solar cell module is improved. Therefore provides solar cell module without using solder causing environmental pollution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the connection structure of solar cell element in solar cell module.    solar cell element (20)    edge portion of solar cell element (20a-20d)    connection wiring (21)    connection wirings connected to coupling wiring (21a-21d)    coupling wirings (23a,23b)
NOVELTY - The inner core of the fiber type is coated with a photoconductive layer (16) consisting of one or more types of photoconductive polymers. A transparent electrode layer (18) is coated at the surface of the photoconductive layer. A transparent protective layer (20) is containing one or more types transparent polymers is coated on the surface of the transparent electrode layer.    USE - Fiber-like solar cell used in e.g. portable power supply for electronic equipment or wearable device e.g. wearable computer.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is low-cost and can be mass-produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) fiber-like solar cell manufacturing method;    (b) wearable device using the fiber-like solar cell; and    (c) portable power supply using the fiber-like solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fiber-like solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    photoconductive layer (16)    transparent electrode layer (18)    transparent protective layer (20)
NOVELTY - The sealant (18) arranged between two substrates (11,12) to seal an electrolyte liquid, is provided with a transfer unit (19) which connects the bottom electrode (14) to the external electrode terminal formed at the upper side substrate.    USE - Dye sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Connects external electrode to one side of substrate at solar cell reliably. Increases voltage per one sheet. Simplifies structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the dye sensitized solar cell.    upper side board (11)    bottom board (12)    bottom electrode (14)    sealant (18)    transfer unit (19)
NOVELTY - A dye sensitizing type opto electric transducer has a semiconductor layer electrode containing a dye, a counter electrode and electrolytic solution on its surface. The electrolytic solution contains pyrazole type compound.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer formed using electrolytic solution containing the pyrazole type compound, has high open circuit voltage and provides solar cell of high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye sensitized solar cell which has dye sensitizing type opto electric transducer consisting of semiconductor layer electrode, counter electrode and electrolytic solution arranged in order and wired. A terminal for discharging electric power is provided in the solar cell.
NOVELTY - A gas which reacts with phosphorus is introduced into silicon oxide gas (5) produced within a silicon oxide generator, reacted with phosphorus and a low-boiling point compound is produced. Then, high purity silicon oxide is condensed and recovered with a condenser (6) provided at the down streamside of silicon oxide generator, without condensing the low-boiling point compound.    USE - For purifying silicon oxide used as raw material for manufacture of high purity silicon (claimed) used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The purification method decreases phosphorus concentration in silicon oxide easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas which reacts with phosphorus is hydrogen gas, fluorine gas or chlorine gas. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of high purity silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the apparatus used for manufacturing silicon oxide.    reaction container (1)    silicon grain and silicon dioxide grain mixing raw material (2)    heater (4)    silicon oxide gas (5)    condenser (6)
NOVELTY - A laminate (P) which is solar cell module is heated and pinched in each cavity (2) formed between upper and lower chambers (13,15). The cavities are held in adjoined manner, so as to enable movement of the laminate in the cavities in order, for processing.    USE - For obtaining thin-plate shape laminate such as solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Since the cavities are held in order, space is saved and transport efficiency of the laminate is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the lamination apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    lamination apparatus (1)    cavity (2)    upper and lower chambers (13,15)    laminate (P)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive coating composition contains a carbon material (A), an inorganic microparticle component (B) containing a metal chalcogenide and a polymeric binder component (C). The average particle diameter of primary particle of carbon material and inorganic component by spherical conversion, is 5-500 nm, each.    USE - For electrodes used in photoelectric cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive coating composition has excellent surface adhesion with respect to electrode substrate. The electrode formed using the electroconductive composition has excellent oxidation-reduction property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrode; and    (2) photoelectric cell.
NOVELTY - A fuel gas manufacturing apparatus comprises a refiner having pressure swing adsorption (PSA) mechanism for removing unwanted materials from a modified gas to refine a hydrogen-rich fuel gas.    USE - For manufacture of a fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - The invented fuel gas manufacturing apparatus is compact and requires no off-gas tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel gas manufacturing apparatus comprises a modifier for modifying a hydrogen-containing fuel to produce a modified gas; a refiner having PSA mechanism for removing unwanted materials from the modified gas to refine a hydrogen-rich fuel gas; and residual gas supply (72) for supplying a residual gas from a tower of the PSA mechanism to a heater. The residual gas supply comprises residual gas passage (76) connected to a compressed-air supply source (30) and the heater; and residual-gas ejector (74) disposed in the residual gas passage for drawing the residual gas from the tower of the PSA mechanism with compressed air supplied from the compressed-air supply source and flowing through the residual gas passage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of a home fuel gas refining system.    Compressed-air supply source (30)    Valve (42)    Residual gas supply (72)    Residual-gas ejector (74)    Residual gas passage (76)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon oil containing at least one sulfur compound chosen from thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, and optionally further containing an aromatic hydrocarbon, is contacted with a solid acid catalyst and/or an activated carbon having a transition metal oxide supported, to desulfurize the oil.    USE - For desulfurizing hydrocarbon oil, such as kerosene or light oil used as on-board modification fuel in fuel cell electric vehicle and fuel cell system (claimed), used in petrochemicals.    ADVANTAGE - The sulfur compounds are diminished to an extremely low concentration at a relatively low equipment cost and operating cost, by desulfurizing/refining method of hydrocarbon oil. The method is performed without using special alkylating agents, such as olefin. Light oil with reduced sulfur content, is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) kerosene having sulfur content of 1 ppm or less and thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene content of 10 % or less with respect to a portion for total sulfur; and    (2) fuel cell system, which consists of kerosene having concentration of dibenzothiophene of 0.1 ppm or less as sulfur desulfurized by the method. Kerosene is supplied to the fuel cell system, and hydrogen for fuel cell is produced.
NOVELTY - A reforming container (4) has a reforming catalyst (40) heated by a burner, arranged between the inner and outer tubes (41,42). The inner and outer exhaust gas channels (30,50) enable flowing the exhaust gas of the burner along the inner lateral surface and the outer lateral surface of the container, respectively.    USE - Reformer for use with fuel cell used for electric power generation, to produce hydrogen gas by reforming fuel, and for use as reactor for performing chemical reaction using catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The heating surface per unit volume of the container, with respect to the exhaust gas is enlarged, hence the size of the reforming container is capable of being reduced and the thermal efficiency of the reforming container is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the reforming container. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reforming container (4)    inner and outer exhaust gas channels (30,50)    reforming catalyst (40)    inner and outer tubes (41,42)
NOVELTY - Production of solar cells comprises depositing all layers of a p-i-n layer sequence in a single chamber process using electrodes spaced 5-15 mm apart, distributing gas via a shower head gas inlet to provide a homogeneous distribution of the gas over the substrate, adjusting the SiH4 gas flow between 0.01-3 sccm/cm2 and a pressure of 3-50 hPa, adjusting the heating temperature for the substrate to 50-280degrees C and adjusting the HF output to 0.2-2 W/cm2.    USE - For producing solar cells using PECVD.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell produced has homogeneous layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the above process.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas is produced by reducing a metal oxide in a reduction reaction between a fuel and a metal oxide to provide a reduced metal or metal oxide having a lower oxidation state; and oxidizing the reduced metal or metal oxide with steam to produce hydrogen and a metal oxide having a higher oxidation state. The metal or metal oxide is provided in the form of a porous composite of a ceramic material containing the metal or metal oxide.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method provides higher energy conversion efficiency than conventional processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an article of manufacture, comprising a mesoporous composite of a ceramic material containing a reacting metal or metal oxide; and    (2) a method of making a mesoporous composite article containing a reactive metal or metal oxide using a sol gel technique, comprising providing a ceramic precursor, a metal precursor and a promoter/catalyst precursor; mixing the ceramic, metal and promoter/catalyst precursors in the presence of a solvent to form a solution; reacting the ceramic, metal and promoter/catalyst precursors to form a gel; drying the gel; and calcining the dried gel to form the mesoporous composite.
NOVELTY - In the sealing of a solar cell, the top and bottom of the solar cell are covered with EVA and PTFE as a surface layer and inner layer. A vacuum compressor molds the shape with 125degreesC lasting three to five minutes, and then the shape is placed into a stove to be heated at 150degreesC for twenty-five minutes forming a penta-piece sealing structure. The shape can be bent and shaped as different appearances showing strength and high transparency.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen sensor has a photocatalyst layer (4) containing titanium oxide, mounted on the upper surface of a sample cell (3). The photocatalyst layer is irradiated by an ultra-violet lamp (14) such that the oxidative degradation of the organic compound such as carbon dioxide and water in the sample gas, is performed.    USE - For monitoring operation state of hydrogen leak monitor used for fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the organic compounds contained in the sample gas from interfering with the measurement of the hydrogen concentration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structural diagram of the hydrogen sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    inlet port (2)    sample cell (3)    photocatalyst layer (4)    alloy layer (6)    detector (8)
NOVELTY - The surface acoustic wave devices (1a-1c) are provided at the flow path of liquid fuel such as methanol. The surface acoustic wave devices have a pair of comb electrodes formed at the surface of rectangular piezoelectric board.    USE - For detecting density of liquid fuel such as hydrogen gas and methanol, used in fuel cell apparatus (claimed). Also for density management of various solutions in production line of drink, alcoholic beverage and foodstuffs, washing liquid management in production line of detergent, in production line of chemicals and drugs, in production line of fats and oils, water management, white liquor management in paper production plant, black liquor management, green liquor management and component density management of various solvents.    ADVANTAGE - The density of liquid fuel is detected accurately by small-sized and portable sensor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    surface acoustic wave devices (1a-1c)    cell stack (10)    mixer (11)    fuel tank (12)
NOVELTY - The electroconductive material has polysilane dope component that consists of one or more types of polysilane formed on a base material. An electrolysis plating layer is formed on the dope component.    USE - For formation of electroconductive pattern (claimed) used to wiring of solar cell, display, medical devices, circuit board, semiconductor substrate, telecommunication sector, and household appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive material with high electroconductivity, is provided economically. Wiring board with fine wiring pattern is effectively and economically formed using the electroconductive material, without using photoresist.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) wiring base material;    (2) manufacture of electroconductive material; and    (3) formation of electroconductive pattern.
NOVELTY - Substrate (A) for technical applications has at least one electrically conductive layer (L) that consists of polythiophene/toluenesulfonate (I) or its derivatives.    USE - (A) is useful as display front electrode; invisible conductor; transparent electromagnetic screen; transparent front electrode; plastic solar cell or organiclight-emitting diode (claimed), or more generally as security device; electronic component; or decorative element.    ADVANTAGE - The layers have excellent conductivity; their flexibility can be adjusted (depending on the method of polymerization); they have good chemical, mechanical and heat stability (generally stable at over 100degreesC) and transparency over 80%; can be designed to have different electrical conductivities in different directions; and can be formed as very thin layers (50-500 nm).
NOVELTY - Solar cell module has solar cell elements between a front surface member and a rear surface protective member. The solar cell elements have electrodes electrically connected to each other by connecting tabs. The electrode is made of an electrically conductive paste containing a thermosetting resin and an electrically conductive powder. The thermosetting resin contains greater than or equal to 70 % resin having a glass transition temperature of 80-200 degrees C.    USE - For powering houses and buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The module has improved yield, and prevents yield reduction by controlling moisture resistance reduction. It has improved adhesion property between the connecting tabs and collector electrodes (6,10).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar cell module has solar cell elements disposed between a front surface member and a rear surface protective member. The solar cell elements have electrodes electrically connected to each other by connecting tabs. The electrode of the solar cell element (1) is made of an electrically conductive paste containing a thermosetting resin and an electrically conductive powder. The thermosetting resin contains greater than or equal to 70 resin having a glass transition temperature of 80-200 degrees C. The glass transition temperature is measured by a Thermo-mechanical Analysis (TMA) method. The connecting tab coated with lead free solder is soldered to the electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view showing a structure of a solar cell element of a solar cell module.    Solar cell element (1)    Substrate (2)    P-type amorphous silicon layer (4)    Collector electrodes (6,10)    N-type amorphous silicon layer (8)
NOVELTY - Macropores are formed in a substrate by forming substrate a pattern of submicron particles (3); covering this pattern of submicron particles with cover layer (4); selectively removing this cover layer until the submicron particles are exposed; selectively removing the submicron particles to expose the substrate; and etching vias (6) in the substrate using the cover layer as a hardmask.    USE - For forming macropores for optical device in solar cell and integrated circuits applications in a substrate (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Produces macropores having small diameter, preferably less than 400 nm without the need for lithographic processing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-section of a process flow for forming macropores in a substrate.    Surface layer (1)    Intermediate layer (2)    Cover layer (4)    Openings (5)    Vias (6)
NOVELTY - A catalyst contains a nickel-aluminum intermetallic compound.    USE - For reforming of methanol used for hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The methanol reforming catalyst is excellent in heat resistance and weather resistance, and has high activity and selectivity even at high temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalyst contains a nickel-aluminum (Ni3Al) intermetallic compound.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for methanol reforming method, which involves contacting liquid mixture of methanol or methanol, and water with the catalyst, to produce hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the relationship between reaction temperature and hydrogen generation rate of the catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Operating a fuel cell system comprises monitoring air mass flow rate from a compressor to a fuel cell stack with a flow meter; modeling the flow meter with a first mathematical formula; generating a measured signal from flow meter; processing first mathematical formula and measured signal through a Kalman filter (KF)-based signal processing algorithm to provide a future signal estimate; and operating the compressor based on future estimate.    USE - For operating a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The method, based on recursive Kalman filter, accurately processes noisy measurement signals. The method provides compact fuel cell system designs to be conceptually enabled where mass flow sensors do not need several straight pipe diameters before the meter to "straighten the flow" reducing the effective turbulence. The need for "honeycomb' flow straighteners at the inlet to the mass flow sensor is eliminated. Compressor pulsation is minimized as a smooth flow signal is provided to control the compressor. Anode pressure more smoothly tracks cathode pressure to consistently provide a small pressure drop between the cathode (air) and anode (hydrogen) gases across the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system comprising fuel cell catalytically reacting to a feed stream; compressor in fluid communication with the fuel cell to provide a fluid flow of the feed stream to the fuel cell; mass flow sensor that generates a mass flow signal based on the fluid flow from the compressor; and controller that generates a compressor command signal and that processes the mass flow signal and a mass flow sensor model through a Kalman filter (KF)-based signal processing algorithm to provide a future signal estimate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration of cathode loop of a fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is produced by allowing three catalysts with different functions from one another to be in a composite state, and controlling a reforming reaction of diesel fuel.    USE - For producing hydrogen as an alternative energy for petroleum and an energy source for a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - The invention produces hydrogen with high selectivity and high yield by reforming diesel fuel with high efficiency under a same condition as that of gasoline while controlling a reforming reaction of the diesel fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of hydrogen involves partially oxidizing a portion of the diesel fuel using a first catalyst to generate hydrogen and heat; cracking the other portion of the diesel fuel that has not been partially oxidized by using a second catalyst; and reforming the hydrocarbons having smaller molecular weights by subjecting the hydrocarbons having the smaller molecular weights to a reforming reaction by using a third catalyst to generate hydrogen. The generated hydrogen and heat generate hydrocarbons having smaller molecular weights than those of hydrocarbons contained in the diesel fuel.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an apparatus for producing hydrogen comprising a partially oxidation unit that partially oxidizes a portion of the diesel fuel by using a first catalyst to generate hydrogen and heat; a cracking unit which cracks the other portion of the diesel fuel that has not been partially oxidized by using a second catalyst; and a reforming unit that subjects the hydrocarbons having smaller molecular weights to a reforming reaction by using a third catalyst to generate hydrogen; and    (B) a method for producing gasoline comprising partially oxidizing a portion of the diesel fuel by using a first catalyst to generate hydrogen and heat; and cracking the other portion of the diesel fuel that has not been partially oxidized by using a second catalyst.
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises porous substrate having an average pore size of 1-1000 microns carrying a zirconia-supported, alkali-metal-modified, ruthenium catalyst.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst provides high yields of hydrogen gas at low temperatures. It provides high carbon monoxide conversions, high carbon dioxide selectivity, low methane selectivity, and operation at short contact times.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of an interleaved microchannel reactor oriented in a co-current flow configuration.
NOVELTY - The network (50) has electricity generating stations and variable power loads (92) interconnected by an electricity grid (74). The loads include electrolysers (78), and a controller (102) connected to both the stations and the loads. The controller is operable to adjust demand from the electrolysers to provide a desired match of availability with demand and produce hydrogen as a transportation fuel.    USE - Used for generating and distributing energy for fueling a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The network controls the delivery of energy to a geographically distributed network of hydrogen production units in an optimized way.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a method for transferring hydrogen;    (B) a method for controlling an energy network; and    (C) a method for increasing stability in an electricity grid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of an energy network.    Network (50)    Electricity grid (74)    Electrolysers (78)    Power loads (92)    Controller (102)
NOVELTY - A membrane electrode assembly comprises anode and cathode sides including diffusion media layers, catalyst layers, and ionomer layers, and a membrane positioned between the anode and cathode sides. The anode and cathode ionomer layers face the membrane.    USE - For a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as a source of power for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can be simply fabricated and is more durable than the prior art assembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprises an anode side (12) including an anode diffusion media layer, an anode catalyst layer and an anode ionomer layer deposited on the anode diffusion media layer and sprayed on the anode catalyst layer; a cathode side (14) including a cathode diffusion media layer, a cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode ionomer layer deposited on the cathode diffusion media layer and sprayed on the cathode catalyst layer; and a membrane positioned between the anode and cathode sides. The anode and cathode ionomer layers face the membrane (16).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making a membrane electrode assembly comprising providing a diffusion media layer, depositing a catalyst layer on the diffusion media layer (18, 26), spraying an ionomer layer on the catalyst layer, and positioning the diffusion media layer adjacent to a membrane so that the ionomer layer faces the membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional plan view of a membrane electrode assembly.    Anode side (12)    Cathode side (14)    Membrane (16)    Diffusion media layer (18, 26)    Microporous layers (20, 28)    Catalyst layers (22, 30)    Ionomer layers (24, 32)
NOVELTY - A flexible graphite sheet having two major surfaces, and having improved molding characteristics at one of its major surfaces, comprises a sheet of compressed particles of resin-impregnated exfoliated graphite having a non-uniform resin concentration across the dimension(s) of the sheet.    USE - The flexible graphite sheet is for a laminate (claimed). It is useful for the formation of components for fuel cells, such as flow field plates, gas diffusion layers, and/or electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The flexible graphite sheet material exhibits improved characteristics. The resin profile through the thickness of flexible graphite sheet(s) from which the laminate is to be formed can be controlled, such that the major surface not being used as the molding surface has an amount of bleed-through of the resin, to promote the inter-layer bonding of the laminate. This helps to arrest cracks and prevent them from bridging between the outer surfaces of the laminate, reducing the fluid permeability of the laminate through crack deflection.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a flexible graphite sheet, comprising compressing particles of exfoliated graphite to form a sheet of a first density; impregnating a resin composition into the sheet to provide a non-uniform resin concentration across one of the dimensions of the sheet, to form a resin-impregnated sheet; and compressing the resin-impregnated sheet to a second density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a system for the continuous production of resin-impregnated flexible graphite sheets.    Vessel (101)    Valves (107, 108)    Wash tank (114, 116, 118)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (FC) for use with a hydride-based fuel, where fuel cell is constructed and arranged to be sealed in a liquid-tight way, when in operation, comprises an opening(s) (O) for allowing hydrogen gas formed inside the fuel cell to escape, which opening is sealed by a membrane (M) that is pervious to hydrogen gas and impervious to liquids and solids.    USE - The fuel cell is for use with a hydride-based fuel or a liquid fuel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Gas can escape or be eliminated, irrespective of the orientation of the fuel cell (e.g. with the fuel cell in upright position, upside down, or lying on its side).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross section of a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (FC)    Membrane (M)    Openings (O)    Protective component (PE)    Walls (W)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generation system comprises a metal hydride solution comprising a metal hydride, a stabilizing agent to provide a pH of greater than or equal to 9, and water; and organic pigments as hydrogen generating catalysts.    USE - For on-board generation of hydrogen for hydrogen-consuming devices, e.g. fuel cell, combustion engine, or gas turbine.    ADVANTAGE - The invention uses a low-cost, safe, stable hydrogen-rich borohydride solution in conjunction with organic pigment catalysts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for controlling the generation of hydrogen gas from a metal hydride solution with organic pigment catalysts, comprising stabilizing the metal hydride in an aqueous solution, maintaining the temperature of the solution above the freezing point and below the vaporization point of the solution, immersing a catalyst in the metal hydride solution, increasing the rate of decomposition of the metal hydride into hydrogen gas and a metal salt, and directing the hydrogen gas to a connected, hydrogen-consuming device.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte film layer is formed at the surface of hydrogen separated layer with oxygen deficiency type proton conductor compound that exhibits character of proton conduction in state of oxygen atom transduction of oxygen between lattices. A control unit suppresses falling off of transduction settled oxygen atom from the deficiency of oxygen between grating in electrolyte film layer.    USE - For fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses consumption of the hydrogen gas, effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Voltage is applied between the hydrogen pole and oxygen poles, to supply the oxygen gas during starting fuel cell system. Pressurization supply of the oxygen gas is performed during shutdown of system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross sectional view of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (10)    oxygen pole (20)    hydrogen pole (30)    power supply (70)    switch (80)
NOVELTY - A heater (21) heats water in a portion of a water distribution pipe. A pair of temperature sensors (22) are provided at the inlet and exit of a water heating portion. An arithmetic unit (24) calculates modification water flow rate based on the measured value of the temperature sensors, measured heating amount of the heater and the specific heat of water.    USE - For home and small shop.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to manage modification water flow rate simply and cheaply without using expensive mass flow meter or special pump and thereby stabilizes driving of power generation device and achieves cost reduction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell power generation device operation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline block diagram of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell electric power generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    heater (21)    temperature sensor (22)    heat insulating material (23)    flow rate arithmetic unit (24)    pump controller (25)
NOVELTY - A reduction unit (6) reduces the carbon monoxide in the reformed gas (r) produced by reforming raw fuel (m), to produce carbon monoxide reduced gas (g). An electric heater (10) used in the reduction process, is turned ON/OFF according to the temperature of the reduction unit, detected by a sensor (9). A valve (11) is operated to close the flow path (17) which guides the reduced gas from the reduction unit.    USE - Fuel cell electric power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for purging even when the operation of the fuel treating equipment is stopped.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    carbon monoxide reduction unit (6)    temperature sensor (9)    electric heater (10)    valve (11)    carbon monoxide reduced gas flow path (17)    carbon monoxide reduced gas (g)    raw fuel (m)    reformed gas (r)
NOVELTY - A combustion unit comprises a waste gas supply portion (21) and mixed gas supply portion (20) arranged in a row at the reverse side of a flame plate (24). The flame plate has the exhaust nozzles (24a, 24b) respectively for ejecting the mixed gas and waste gas from combustion unit, provided at preset position at the surface of the flame plate.    USE - For use with fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A compact combustion apparatus of simple structure, with mass production property and low manufacturing cost is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen supply apparatus used for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a right sectional view of the combustion apparatus.    mixed gas supply portion (20)    waste gas supply portion (21)    flame plate (24)    exhaust nozzles (24a,24b)    net material (25)
NOVELTY - The modifier has modification catalyst accommodated in outer tube portion of reaction tube (10), and fin equipped at outer wall of the reaction tube from the entrance of the tube to half of the length of the tube.    USE - Modifier for fuel cell system (claimed) used for electric power generation in motor vehicle, electric power generation system and co-generation system. Also for hydrogen production apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Enables excellent modification reaction and increased efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional side view of the modifier.    burner (2)    combustion gas discharge port (8)    reaction tube (10)    raw material supply opening (11)    reformed gas discharge port (12)
NOVELTY - The raw material oil containing hydrocarbon is dehydrogenated in the presence of catalyst, to obtain mixture containing hydrogen and dehydrogenation oil having unsaturated hydrocarbon. The mixture is cooled by cooling-separation unit, and dehydrogenation oil is separated from mixture. The remaining oil from cooled mixture is made into impervious gas and hydrogen is removed as previous gas, using a membrane separation unit.    USE - For manufacturing high purity hydrogen for motor vehicles, petroleum refining, chemical industry and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The high purity hydrogen is obtained efficiently and easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) manufacturing system of high purity hydrogen; and    (2) hydrogen station.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of the hydrogen production system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    dehydrogenation device (1)    compressor (2)    heat exchanger (3)    gas-liquid separator (4)    membrane separation device (5)
NOVELTY - The low and high pressure cooling water lines (107,108) arranged in parallel, cool selective oxidation reactor that reduces concentration of carbon monoxide in gas passing through shift-reaction device by oxidation reaction, and shift reaction device (2) that reduces concentration of carbon monoxide in reformed gas by shift reaction, respectively.    USE - For generating hydrogen from methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, town gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), petrol and kerosene, in fuel cell system (claimed) for motor vehicle and co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Improves cooling efficiency and degree of freedom of design of selective oxidation reactor and shift reaction device, reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen generation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    shift reaction devices (2,3)    selective oxidation reactor (4,5)    water cooling lines (107,108)
NOVELTY - A dehydrogenation catalyst has catalyst metal selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium and/or ruthenium supported by a porous gamma-alumina support having pore volume of more than 0.55 cm3/g and surface area of more than 150 m2/g. 60% or more of the support has pore diameter of 90-300 Angstrom with respect to total pore volume.    USE - For dehydrogenating hydrogenated aromatic compound such as cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, decalin and/or methyl decalin (all claimed). Hydrogen produced during dehydrogenation of aromatic compound is used for fixed fuel cell, hydrogen fuelled car and fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The dehydrogenation catalyst improves conversion ratio of hydrogenated aromatic to 98degreesC or more. The catalyst has high selectivity. The dehydrogenation is performed steadily over a long period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) manufacture of dehydrogenation catalyst which involves impregnating solution of catalyst metallic compound of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium and/or ruthenium into porous gamma-alumina support, drying, baking, impregnating solution of alkali metal compound into baked catalyst metal support, drying and performing final hydrogen reduction process without baking the dried alkali metal support; and    (2) regeneration of dehydrogenation catalyst using hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows pore distribution map based on mercury intrusion technique of alumina support prepared by pH swing method.
NOVELTY - A dimethyl-ether modification catalyst contains solid-type solid acid catalyst, and solid-type catalyst containing one or more metal chosen from high melting-point metal, rare earth metal, alkaline-earth metal, copper and metal having melting point greater than copper.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen used as raw material for fuel cell such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell used as power source for domestic power supplies and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The dimethyl-ether modification catalyst has excellent modification efficiency and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) dimethyl-ether modification catalyst apparatus, which comprises the solid-type solid acid catalyst filled during initial stage of gas flow, and the solid-type catalyst containing copper filled during final stage of gas flow; and    (2) dimethyl-ether modification method, which involves supplying dimethyl ether and water vapor such that the molar ratio of water vapor and dimethyl ether in dimethyl-ether modification catalyst is 1-20, or dimethyl-ether modification catalyst apparatus.
NOVELTY - The solar cell (10) is pn-junction-type solar cell obtained by laminating p-layer (3) and n-layer (4). The p-layer and n-layer are formed by sputtering oxide and/or oxynitride of a metal.    USE - As dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is economical, and manufactured quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The p-layer contains oxide or oxynitride of aluminum, gallium, scandium, chromium and/or indium doped with copper or silver. The n-layer comprises oxide or oxynitride of titanium, zinc and/or tin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent substrate (1)    transparent electrically conductive film (2)    p-layer (3)    n-layer (4)    solar cell (10)
NOVELTY - Primary damage layer formed on the main surface of a substrate (1) is removed and a secondary damage layer (2) of small thickness is formed on the substrate. A texture structure (3) is formed to the secondary damage layer by anisotropic etching. A lateral electrode (5) is formed on the texture structure.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The texture structure is formed efficiently, improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of the solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    silicon single crystal substrate (1)    secondary damage layer (2)    texture structure (3)    reverse-side electrode (4)    lateral electrode (5)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor contains dye (1).    USE - As metal oxide semiconductor and metal sulfide semiconductor for photoelectric conversion material such as optoelectric transducer used in solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of optoelectric transducer and solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor contains dye of formula (1).    R and R1=substituent;    R2-R4=H or substituent, R2-R4 couples to form 5-6 membered ring;    X1=oxygen atom or sulfur atom;    A2=atomic group required to form 3-9 membered ring with carbon atom;    A3=heterocyclic ring;    n and q=0-2; and    p=0-12.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer, which has the semiconductor provided on an electroconductive support material (1); and    (2) solar cell, which has the optoelectric transducer having charge transferring layer (3) and counter electrode (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    electroconductive support material (1)    photosensitive layer (2)    charge transferring layer (3)    counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A solution sending mechanism transfers fuel from fuel container (15) to measuring container (20). The fuel in measuring container is maintained at low temperature than temperature of fuel in fuel container, by Peltier device (21). A sensor measures the methanol concentration of fuel in measuring container.    USE - For portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - The methanol concentration of fuel is measured at with high accuracy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the direct methanol fuel battery system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electromotive apparatus (1)    electromotive portion (2)    fuel container (15)    measuring container (20)    Peltier device (21)
NOVELTY - The paste contains semiconductor particle as electroconductive powder and solvent. A portion of the electroconductive powder has tube shape.    USE - For semiconductor electrodes of dye sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive powder has high surface area, therefore electric current generated by the solar cell is improved. The thickness of the semiconductor electrode is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electroconductive powder contains titanium oxide. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline sectional drawing of dye sensitized solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent electrode (1)    transparent substrate (2)    electrode (3)    substrate (4)    spacer (5)    space (6)    semiconductor electrode (7)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor comprises at least one pigment (1-3).    USE - For photoelectric conversion material used in optoelectric transducer used for solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor provides optoelectric transducer and solar cell having excellent stability and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor comprises a pigment of formula (1).    R1,R2=H, alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group;    X1=oxygen atom, sulfur atom or NR21;    R3-R9,R21=H or substituent, however R1 and R2, R3 and R4 couples to form a ring;    m,n=0-2;    R101, R102,R=substituent;    X2,X4,X5=oxygen atom or sulfur atom;    X3=oxygen atom, sulfur atom or heterocyclic ring;    Z=non-metallic atom group required to form 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing at least one -COOM group in a molecule;and    M=H or salt forming positive ion.    When n is 1 or more, R7-R9 couples to form a cyclic structure.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (i) optoelectric transducer having a photosensitive layer (2) containing a semiconductor, provided on an electroconductive support (1); and    (ii) solar cell comprising the optoelectric transducer having a charge transferring layer (3) and a counter electrode (4);    (iii) semiconductor comprises a pigment of formula (2); and    (iv) semiconductor comprises a pigment of formula (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    electroconductive support (1)    photosensitive layer (2)    charge transferring layer (3)    counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The raw material contains phosphorus (in mass ppm) (7 or less), boron (0.3 or less), and antimony, gallium, arsenic and indium (0.1 or less) as impurity, and silicon monoxide (20 or less).    USE - For manufacture of high purity silicon for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The raw material provides high purity silicon, and is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of the raw material used for manufacture of high purity silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of the manufacture of the raw material used for manufacture of high purity silicon.    reaction container (1)    crucible (3)    heating apparatus (4)    silicon oxide gas (5)    condensation container (6)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor contains a specific aromatic compound adsorbed to the surface.    USE - For photoelectric-conversion material used for optoelectric transducer used for solar cell (both claimed) used for clock, table-top calculator, and portable game machine.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability. The optoelectric transducer formed using the semiconductor has high durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor contains an aromatic compound of formula (1) adsorbed to the surface.    Ar1, Ar2=monovalent or bivalent 5 or 6-membered aromatic carbocyclic group or heterocyclic group;    X=oxygen atom, S(O)n or N-R;    R=aliphatic group, aryl and heterocyclic group;    Cp=atomic group capable of providing absorbing power to aromatic compound of formula (1) having carboxyl group as substituent in visible region or near-infrared region;    L1 and L2=1-4 methine group optionally having substituent;and    n=0-2.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) an optoelectric transducer, which has layer containing semiconductor provided on an electroconductive support (1); and    (2) a solar cell, which has optoelectric transducer, charge transferring layer (3) and counter electrode (4), on electroconductive support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of optoelectric transducer.    electroconductive support (1)    photosensitive layer (2)    charge transferring layer (3)    counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The method involves irradiating the surface of transparent thin film electrode (2) formed on a substrate (1) in a film formation chamber (10), with a monochromatic light in a thickness measurement chamber (20). The reflective intensity of the electrode is measured for calculating the film thickness. The calculated film thickness is fed back to the electrode film-forming conditions used in chamber (10).    USE - For manufacturing transparent thin film electrode used in thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables manufacturing transparent thin film electrode with uniform film thickness without any restrictions to the structure of optical system or film-forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the transparent thin film electrode manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (1)    Transparent thin film electrode (2)    Thin film formation chamber (10)    Thickness measurement chamber (20)    Monochromatic light source (22)
NOVELTY - An ionic compound contains a fluorosulfonylimino anion and an imidazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, triazolium, pyridinium cation, quaternary ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium cation.    USE - For electrolyte and electrolyte liquid (both claimed) for electrochemical devices, such as secondary battery, fuel cell and dye sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic compound has high electrical conductivity, solubility in organic solvent, high industrial ability and low viscosity at room temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ionic compound is of formula: C+A-.    C+=at least one cation of formulae (4-8), N+(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4) (9), P+(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4) (10) or S+(R1)(R2)(R3) (11);    A-=anion of formula: FSO2-N-SO2CnF2n+1, or FSO2-N-COCnF2n+1; and    n=1-5.    R1-R6 of formula (4-8)=H, halogen atom, 1-5C alkyl, aralkyl, alkynyl or alkoxy alkyl;    R1-R4 of formula (9-11)=1-6C alkyl, aralkyl, alkynyl or alkoxy alkyl, or R1-R4 may couple to form a ring.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrolyte containing the ionic compound; and    (2) electrolyte liquid containing the ionic compound.
NOVELTY - A tetracyanobutadiene derivative (1), is new.    USE - As electron and hole-transport agent, n-type and p-type semiconductor, nonlinear optics material, electronic material and solar cell pigment.    ADVANTAGE - The tetracyanobutadiene derivative has favorable oxidation potential and reduction potential, and excellent electron donativity, electron accepting property and yield rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The tetracyanobutadiene derivative of formula (1), is new.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (I) New tetracyanobutadiene derivative of formula (2); and    (II) New tetracyanobutadiene derivative of formula (3).    R1,R2,R4,R5,R7,R8,R10,R11,R13,R14,R16,R17=H, alkyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, phenoxy, phenyl, benzyl, alkylthio, trifluoro alkyl, trifluoro alkoxy, alkoxy carbonyl, benzoyl, bromo alkyl, or chloro alkyl;    R3,R6,R9,R12,R15,R18=halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, phenoxy, phenyl, benzyl, alkylthio, trifluoro alkyl, trifluoro alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, bromo alkyl or chloro alkyl group;    m,m',n,n',p,p',q,q',r,r',s,s'=0 or 1-5;    m+m',p+p',r+r'=1 or more;    R19=thiophene or furan ring optionally having substituent;and    t=1-6.
NOVELTY - The transparent vapor deposition film (A) has a vapor deposition film (2) of inorganic oxide provided at one surface of a biaxially stretched polyester film (1a) as a base film (1) by physical vapor growth method. The biaxially stretched polyester film has dimensional change rate of -1 to 1% and -5 to -2%, along vertical direction and horizontal direction respectively at 25-200degreesC at a rate of 5degreesC/minute at a load of 0.05-0.15 N/mm.    USE - For laminated material used as packaging material of food/beverage products, chemical product and sundry articles, optical component, protection sheet for solar cell module, protective film for organic electroluminescent display, protective film for liquid crystal display, package for polymer battery and aluminum packaging material.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent vapor deposition film has favorable transparency, impact strength, hot water resistance, flexibility, spreadability and barrier property with respect to water vapor and oxygen gas. The transparent vapor deposition film prevents generation of crack, wrinkles and gas barrier deterioration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of transparent vapor deposition film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows rough sectional drawing of the transparent vapor deposition film.    Base film (1)    Biaxially stretched polyester film (1a)    Vapor deposition film of inorganic oxide (2)    Transparent vapor deposition film (A)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer has photoelectric conversion electrode (1), counter electrode (3), separator (2), and electrolyte interposed between electrodes (1,3). Electrode (1) has optical semiconductor layer (12) containing optical semiconductor particle and polymeric material, provided on electroconductive base material (11). Separator is provided between optical semiconductor layer of electrode (1), and electrode (3).    USE - For solar cell such as dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has high conversion efficiency, flexibility, enlarged area and reduced internal resistance, and conveniently and economically produces solar cell. The deviation of electrolyte liquid is prevented, and liquid spill is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optoelectric transducer has a photoelectric conversion electrode (1), a counter electrode (3) opposing electrode (1), a separator (2), and an electrolyte interposed between electrodes (1,3). The electrode (1) has an optical semiconductor layer (12) containing optical semiconductor particle and polymeric material, provided on transparent electroconductive base material (11). The layer (12) is obtained by applying a coating material containing optical semiconductor particle dispersed in a solution, in which solvent-soluble resin is dissolved, on base material. The separator is provided between optical semiconductor layer of electrode (1), and counter electrode (3).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of optoelectric transducer.    photoelectric conversion electrode (1)    separator (2)    counter electrode (3)    transparent electroconductive base material (11)    optical semiconductor layer (12)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer consists of a semiconductor electrode sensitized by organic dye (1).    USE - For solar cell (claimed) such as single crystal silicon, poly crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon solar cells,    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and is economical. The solar cell of high photoelectric conversion efficiency is easily obtained using the transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An opto electric transducer consists of a semiconductor electrode sensitized with organic dye of formula (1).    A=4 or 5C bivalent heterocyclic group optionally having substituents;    Z=6-24C aromatic ring optionally having substituent;    R1=H or 1-4C alkyl group;    R2=H, 1-4C alkyl group, hydroxyl group, 1-4C alkoxy group 6-12C aryl group optionally having substituent and styryl group optionally having substituent, and R1 and R2 are mutually bonded and forms carboxylic compound of five and six membered ring;    R3,R4 and R5=H, halogen, 1-4C alkyl group and 1-4C alkoxy group;    L=H or electron attractive group;    M=hydrogen atom or salt forming cation;    m=0-3;and    n=0-4.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the solar cell which contains the optical transducer as a component.
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer consists of a semiconductor electrode sensitized by organic dye (1).    USE - For solar cell (claimed) such as single crystal silicon, poly crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon solar cells,    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and is economical. The solar cell of high photoelectric conversion efficiency is easily obtained using the transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optoelectric transducer consists of a semiconductor electrode sensitized with organic dye of formula (1).    A = 4 or 5C bivalent heterocyclic group, may be optionally substituted;    Z = H, alkyl, bivalent 6-24C aromatic ring group, may be optionally substituted;    R1, R2 = H, 1-4C alkyl group, hydroxyl group, 1-4C alkoxy group 6-12C aryl group optionally having substituent and styryl group optionally having substituent, and R1 and R2 are mutually bonded and forms the carbocylic compound of five and six membered rings;    R3,R4 and R5 = H, halogen, 1-4C alkyl group and 1-4C alkoxy group;    L = H or electron attractive group;    M = hydrogen atom or salt forming cation;    m = 0-3; and    n = 0-4.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the solar cell which contains the optical transducer as a component.
NOVELTY - Producing a ceramic fuel cell using a plasma spray technique under a controlled atmosphere, comprises forming a fuel cell structure composed of layers and a substrate. The layers are applied in a closed reactor, and a gas is supplied. The gas warms the substrate during a primary phase, and tempers the substrate during a secondary phase during coating. The pressure in the reactor is less than 500 mbar.    USE - The process is used to produce a ceramic fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Control of the gas atmosphere is improved.
NOVELTY - Operating a steam reforming reactor (1) comprises a start-up phase in which the reactor is supplied with a hydrocarbon gas (HG) and sufficient oxygen-containing gas (OG) for total oxidation of the HG, a second phase in which the OG supply is reduced and a steady-state phase in which the reactor is supplied exclusively with HG and steam. The OG is flue gas from a gas burner (5) used to heat the reactor and the water vapor in the flue gas is used to achieve autothermal reforming in the second phase.    USE - Operating a steam reforming reactor for producing hydrogen for use in a fuel cell, especially as part of a domestic energy supply system (automobile fuel cells are also mentioned).    ADVANTAGE - No separate air supply is required to start up the reactor (compare DE19755814).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic representation an energy supply system including a steam reforming reactor operated as above.    Steam reforming reactor (1)    Shift converter (2)    Gas purification unit (3)    Fuel cell (4)    Gas burner. (5)
NOVELTY - The reactor (20) comprises a carrier (22) having path for gas flow, that is partitioned by partition walls (24) comprising porous material. The catalyst (6) is arranged at peripheral cell (28) of the carrier, and a selectively permeable membrane (8) is arranged at center cell (32), such that the cells containing the catalyst and the cells containing the selectively permeable membrane are adjacent to each other.    USE - Selectively permeable membrane type reactor for generating hydrogen from hydrocarbon, for use in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses degradation of selectively permeable membrane and enables generating hydrogen efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top elevation view of the selectively permeable membrane type reactor.    catalyst (6)    selectively permeable membrane (8)    selectively permeable membrane type reactor (20)    carrier (22)    partition walls (24)    peripheral cell (28)    center cell (32)
NOVELTY - A silicon sacrificial layer (202) with crystal defects is formed at 400-1200degreesC on a single crystal gallium arsenide or magnesium oxide substrate (201). A single crystal silicon thin film (203) with crystal defects lesser than the defects of the sacrificial layer is formed on the silicon sacrificial layer. The silicon sacrificial layer is etched to form a single crystal thin film (204) with few crystal defects.    USE - For forming single crystal silicon thin film used as power generation layer in single crystal thin film device (claimed) e.g. single crystal silicon thin film solar cell (claimed). Also applicable for single crystal silicon compound film in manufacture of semiconductor devices, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates to form high purity single crystal silicon film by simple manufacturing processes, thereby improving power generation efficiency of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) single crystal thin film device;    (2) formation method of single crystal silicon thin film for solar cells; and    (3) single crystal silicon thin film solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional views explaining formation of single crystal silicon thin film.    substrate (201)    sacrificial layer (202)    single crystal silicon thin film (203)    single crystal silicon thin film with few crystal defects (204)
NOVELTY - The cover comprises cover sheet (1) made of material transparent to solar radiation. The sheet has zig-zag profiled surface (3, 4) structure, distance between the peaks of zig-zag surface structure is `L' and thickness of the sheet is `D', where `L' is less than 0.25D. The zig-zag surface structure run at angle `beta' with respect to plant of the sheet and the `beta' satisfies relation 45degreesless than or equal tobetaless than or equal to85degrees.    USE - For solar cell used in roof of swimming pool, building (claimed) e.g. greenhouse used for plant cultivation.    ADVANTAGE - The sheet with zig-zag profiled structure on both sides can easily be fitted and/or incorporated in a construction just like ordinary glass plate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for building.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of the cover.    cover sheet (1)    material (2)    zig-zag profiled surface (3,4)    flanks (5)
NOVELTY - A surface glass (1) and rear surface material (3) of a solar cell module (2) are separated by softening or fluidizing ethylene-vinyl acetate (PVA) copolymer layer using a solvent made of (d)-limonene.    USE - For separating components such as surface glass, photovoltaic cell, rear surface material of solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to separate and recover components of solar cell module easily, without damaging the components of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Surface glass (1)    Solar cell module (2)    Rear surface material (3)
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises support having internal pores and including a grain boundary oxide; finely divided metallic particulates distributed in the support; and metal at least partially covering the surface of the support that penetrates and branches into the support and resides within the internal pores, the metal including a metal phase in contact with the grain boundary oxide.    USE - Useful in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high efficiency and can be mass-produced at low cost.
NOVELTY - Monolithic, multijunction, semiconductor photovoltaic solar cell (24) comprises subcells (28, 30, 32) disposed in series. The subcells include an epitaxially-grown self assembled quantum dot material.    USE - For converting the sun's optical power into electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The self-assembled quantum dot material enhances the solar energy conversion efficiency by recovering some of the photon energy that is in excess of the semiconductor bandgap, which would otherwise be lost when photons having higher energies than the effective bandgap impinge on the multifunction solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of fabricating the above monolithic, multifunction, photovoltaic solar cell on a substrate (26), comprising forming a quantum dot subcell by epitaxially growing a self-assembled quantum dot material having quantum dot layers intercalated with barriers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts a monolithic three-subcell photovoltaic solar cell.    Solar cell (24)    Substrate (26)    Subcells (28, 30, 32)
NOVELTY - The removal units (9, 11) remove water soluble impurity gas component such as ammonia contained in fuel gas and oxidizing agent gas respectively. A pair of electroconductive separator boards (41, 42) have passage ways for supplying impurity removed fuel gas and oxidizing agent gas to anode (21) and cathode (22) respectively.    USE - Fuel cell power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses reduction of output voltage of fuel cell by removing impurity in the fuel cell gas and oxidizing agent gas. A highly durable fuel cell power generator is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell power generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel gas impurity removal unit (9)    diaphragm (10)    oxidizing agent gas impurity removal unit (11)    anode (21)    cathode (22)    electroconductive separator boards (41, 42)
NOVELTY - An acid supply unit (4) supplies acid to at least one of the oxidizing agents flowing through an oxidizing agent path (3) towards the fuel cell (1), to which fuel is supplied through a fuel path (2).    USE - Fuel cell system for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of electric power generation capability of fuel cell due to impurity is prevented, as oxidation of metal does not take place easily during acidification.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the pipeline of a fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (1)    fuel path (2)    oxidizing agent path (3)    acid supply unit (4)    fuel electrode (11)    oxidizing agent electrode (12)
NOVELTY - The casting mold (1) made of silica and carbon, has inner surface material layer (2) formed at inner surface, and opening release material layer (7) made of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide, and formed at top edge portion (6) of opening.    USE - For casting apparatus (claimed) of polycrystal silicon ingot used in manufacture of solar cell used in home and large scale electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents contact of silicon melt solution and casting mold.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon casting apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of silicon casting apparatus.    casting mold (1)    inner surface material layer (2)    silicon melt solution (4)    top edge portion (6)    opening release material layer (7)
NOVELTY - A piston-shaped dividing wall (5) divides the storage chamber (3) storing liquid fuel (F), and an air chamber (4) which seals compressed gas (G), in the fuel container housing (2). A valve (6) opens/closes the connection port (24) provided at the storage chamber. A protrusion (11) provided at the bottom cover (22) of the fuel storage chamber, contacts the dividing wall such that dividing wall is inclined.    USE - For fuel cell e.g. direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) used as power supply for portable personal computer, notebook personal computer, personal digital assistant (PDA).    ADVANTAGE - The upper and lower sides of the dividing wall are connected and the compressed gas is injected reliably, hence stable ejection of liquid fuel is ensured with a simple and convenient structure. Also size and weight of the container are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top and center cross-sectional front views of a fuel container.    fuel container housing (2)    fuel storage chamber (3)    air chamber (4)    dividing wall (5)    valve (6)    bottom cover (22)    connection port (24)    liquid fuel (F)    compressed gas (G)
NOVELTY - A portion of molten silicon liquid level is covered by a substance having silicon dioxide as a main component. Phosphorus is evaporated and removed from the molten silicon within a refiner, and thus the silicon is purified.    USE - For purifying silicon used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables economical purification and provides silicon of improved purity, by using compact apparatus.
NOVELTY - Silicon obtained by disproportion reaction is melted and maintained under reduced pressure. The low melting point impurity in the silicon is removed and high purity is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing high purity silicon used for substrate of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of high purity silicon by inexpensive method is enabled. The manufacturing method uses inexpensive raw material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows flowchart of manufacturing method of high purity silicon. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide modification catalyst material (12) consists of metal oxide support containing sulfur component in an amount more than trace amount, and platinum held on the support. The amount of platinum is 2 atomic% or more with respect to sulfur component by pure sulfur conversion. The catalyst material decreases carbon monoxide in reformed gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and water vapor by carbon monoxide modification reaction.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide in reformed gas containing hydrogen as main component and carbon monoxide in hydrogen purification apparatus used for fuel cells (both claimed). Also used for chemical processing plant in which organic synthesis is performed using carbon monoxide modification reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The reduction in activity of carbon monoxide modification catalyst is suppressed and catalyst activity is maintained over long period of time without catalytic poisoning. The scattering of sulfur in the catalyst is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal oxide contains cerium, zirconium and/or titanium. The catalyst further contains copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt and/or ruthenium. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen purification apparatus; and    (2) fuel cell electric power generation system (8) equipped with hydrogen purification apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of fuel cell containing hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification unit (1)    heating unit (2)    raw material supply unit (3)    water supply unit (4)    carbon monoxide modification unit (5)    fuel cell electric power generation unit (8)    carbon monoxide modification catalyst material (12)
NOVELTY - A detection unit detects the catalyst temperature of reformation unit (1) and purification unit (7). A control unit controls the detected catalyst temperature or the ratio of water and raw material in reformation unit, based on predicted ambient temperature so that the catalyst temperature reaches a preset value.    USE - For generation of hydrogen for fuel cell system (claimed) for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of hydrogen is performed stably and efficiently irrespective of change in environmental temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vertical sectional view of the hydrogen generation apparatus.    reformation unit (1)    heating unit (2)    raw material supply unit (3)    water supply unit (4)    air supply unit (6)    purification unit (7)    power generation unit (8)    ambient temperature detector (10)
NOVELTY - A controller controls a combustion unit (7) which heats a modification unit (1), such that the detected temperature of the modification unit becomes less than a preset temperature in which carbon-deposition reaction does not advance in the modification unit. The modification unit is purged with a source gas at the time of starting. The source gas, after purging, is supplied to the combustion unit through a valve (11).    USE - Hydrogen generation apparatus for use in fuel cell system used to generate electric power using hydrogen-rich reformed gas produced by hydrogen generation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The gas utilization efficiency of the apparatus is improved, as the combustion unit is ignited using the received source gas. The electric-power generation efficiency of the fuel cell receiving the reformed gas is not reduced. Enables easily starting the apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) control program for hydrogen generation apparatus;    (2) recording medium for control program;    (3) starting method of hydrogen generation apparatus; and    (4) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification unit (1)    combustion unit (7)    valve (11)    temperature detector (13)    waste gas flow path (17)
NOVELTY - The reverse side electrode (106) consists of silicon particles doped with a p-type or n-type dopant of concentration more than 2E19/cm3.    USE - E.g., bulk type crystal silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves conversion efficiency of photoelectric conversion apparatus which has a high back surface field (BSF) effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of photoelectric conversion apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of bulk type crystal silicon solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    surface electrode (101)    anti-reflective film (102)    n-type region (103)    p-type region (104)    reverse side electrodes (106, 107)
NOVELTY - Resin (6) laminated by a substrate (3) on which a solar cell film (2) is formed, is heated and contacted with solar cell film. The heating process is further continued and the resin is cross-linked. The gel fraction of the resin during cross-linking is adjusted to 70 % less. The cross-linked resin is sealed in the solar cell film, and a solar cell (1) is obtained.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is efficiently obtained within short period of time. The solar cell has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and weather resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell, which has the substrate on which the solar cell is formed and the resin for sealing the solar cell film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the manufacture of solar cell.    solar cell (1)    solar cell film (2)    glass substrate (3)    back sheet (4)    ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin (6)
NOVELTY - Molten silicon material is exposed to reducing gas which does not contain hydrogen gas, during manufacture of silicon ingot.    USE - For forming wafer used for solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A silicon ingot with low oxygen concentration is manufactured. A solar cell with favorable output characteristics and few crystal defects is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell formed using silicon wafer obtained by slicing the silicon ingot.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of silicon ingot.    air tight container (1)    crucible (2)    support stand (3)    base (4)    base drive device (5)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen purification apparatus uses a porous gas permeable membrane (5) comprising semiconductor material with p-type electroconductivity. Hydrogen is purified according to the difference of permeability coefficients of hydrogen gas and gas other than hydrogen of the porous membrane.    USE - For purifying hydrogen obtained by electrolysis of water, refinement of petroleum, ammonia synthesis and reforming of hydrocarbon type fuels such as natural gas, biogas, for use in fuel cell, for use as carrier gas in semiconductor industry and reducing gas in chemical industry.    ADVANTAGE - Since the porous film has larger permeability coefficient of hydrogen gas than the permeability coefficient of gas other than hydrogen gas, hydrogen purification is performed efficiently, without increasing energy consumption and size of the hydrogen purification apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen purification apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    source gas inlet (1)    compressor (2)    heating mechanism (3)    porous gas permeable membrane (5)    flowmeter (12)
NOVELTY - The convex portions (4) are formed on the sheet after immersing sheet in silicon melt solution, such that the convex portions formed at the periphery are arranged at equal spacing.    USE - For manufacture of silicon sheet used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Easily manufactures silicon sheet at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of the silicon sheet.    sheet (1)    corrugated shaped portion (3)    convex portion (4)    concave portion (5)    nucleation position of convex portion (C)
NOVELTY - An alternating current (AC) magnetic field is applied to a melting liquid (7) inside a tube (3) by an AC magnetic field application unit (9) provided at the small diameter portion of the tube, so as to coagulate the melting liquid for separating the granular particles. The liquid is discharged as droplets (12) by air flow through the small diameter portion.    USE - For manufacturing microparticles such as silicon particles used for optoelectric transducer of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents unification of the melting liquid droplets, hence microparticles of uniform size can be manufactured reliably using simple structure, without increasing the size of the manufacturing apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for microparticle manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the microparticle manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    tube (3)    nozzle (6)    melting liquid (7)    AC magnetic field application unit (9)    small diameter portion (11)    droplets (12)
NOVELTY - The device comprises several solar cells (40) consisting of silicon nanowires, arranged at the surroundings of each pixel. The solar cells are bridged between the electrodes (36,37) and the electrodes (38,39) that are provided at the circumference of the pixel.    USE - For electronic apparatus (claimed) e.g. mobile telephone, personal computer and television (TV), and for solar-cell mobile display system.    ADVANTAGE - a flexible, light weight and inexpensive LCD device is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electronic apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of the solar cell unit provided between the pixels of display unit of liquid crystal display device.    solar cell unit (35)    electrodes (36-39)    solar cell (40)
NOVELTY - Back sheet has a transparent laminate structure comprising a transparent resin film (10), an adhesive agent (20), a transparent barrier film (30) and another transparent resin film sequentially laminated in an order.    USE - For solar cell used as power supply in home.    ADVANTAGE - The lightweight back sheet with excellent voltage withstand property, water resisting property and moister proof property is realized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the back sheet.    back sheet (1)    transparent resin film (10)    adhesive agent (20)    transparent barrier film (30)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor element (101) is contacted with an acidic solution (103). Hydrogen is introduced into the semiconductor element by providing a vibration to the element.    USE - For processing semiconductor element for use in manufacture of optoelectric transducer (claimed) and for polycrystalline-silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enables improvement in the characteristics of semiconductor elements, by carrying out effective defect inactivation processing without requiring vacuum. The processed semiconductor elements provide solar cells having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. The apparatus cost and tact time are decreased sharply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solution contains fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) processing apparatus;    (b) semiconductor element; and    (c) manufacture of optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the defect inactivation apparatus of semiconductor element.    semiconductor element (101)    vibration-generating apparatus (102)    acidic solution (103)    solution tank (104)    carrier (105)
NOVELTY - Process for treatment of metallic bodies involves heat treatment under predetermined physical conditions, i.e. under a gas atmosphere, e.g. a hydrogen, rare gas or nitrogen atmosphere and post-treatment of the body by gas diffusion.    USE - The process is useful in production of fuel cell components, especially for automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The method give cost effective heat treatment and/or coating, decreased production of volatile Cr compounds, and increases the component oxidation and corrosion resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a device for carrying out the treatment as described above.
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises a support member, transition metal bonded to the support member, and a catalytic metal alloyed with at least some of the bound transition metals. A transition metal macrocycle is adsorbed onto the support and heated to bind the transition metal to the support by at least a portion of the macrocycle    USE - Used in a fuel cell (claimed) as an oxygen reduction catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has good particle size and good tolerance for methanol, which makes them very useful in fuel cell applications. Platinum particles are firmly anchored to a support substrate via an at least partially pyrolyzed transition metal macrocycle so as to prevent loss and/or agglomeration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the preparation of the catalyst involving:    (a) dispersing the catalytic metal onto the support;    (b) adsorbing the transition metal macrocycle onto the support;    (c) heating the support to provide a support material having the transition metal anchored by at least a portion of the macrocycle; and    (d) alloying at least some of the metal catalysts with the transition metal which is anchored to the support.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assumes a structure in which a base material (10) comprises a carbonaceous porous body having electrical conductivity, and which comprises a unit cell (14) in which the respective layers of electrode/electrolyte (12)/electrode (13) are formed on the surface of the base material, or a connected assembly prepared by connecting greater than or equal to2 of the unit cells and in which the base material is impregnated with liquid fuel (30).    USE - The fuel cell is used as an electric source for portable electronic appliances, such as cellular phones and note type personal computers, and a small-sized portable electric source for appliances using small electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel attempts reduction in a size of the whole fuel cell system as an electric source for small-sized portable appliances, and a rise in an output, and which generates less noise.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell assumes a structure in which a base material comprises a carbonaceous porous body having electrical conductivity, and which comprises a unit cell in which the respective layers of electrode/electrolyte/electrode are formed on the surface of the base material, or a connected assembly prepared by connecting greater than or equal to2 of the unit cells and in which the base material is impregnated with liquid fuel, and an electrode surface formed on the outside surface of the base material is exposed to air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows vertical configuration of a fuel cell.    Base material (10)    Electrolyte (12)    Electrode (13)    Unit cell (14)    Liquid fuel (30)
NOVELTY - A film comprises conducting polymer applied from the dispersion containing particles. The particles have particle size of less than 450nm. The conducting polymer comprises (un)substituted, (un)changed polymerized units of thieno(3,4-b)thiophene. A film drop cast from the dispersion has conductivity of 10-1-10-6 S/cm measured during the four point probe method.    USE - For use in making dispersion and for making optoelectronic device, e.g. light emitting diode, photovoltaic device, or laser diode.    ADVANTAGE - The invention enhances the performance of organic photovoltaic devices for practical applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectronic device comprising film containing polymer applied from dispersion containing particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph showing relationship between the reaction time at 9degreesC to form dispersion and the conductivity of the film drop cast from the dispersion.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system and a control thereof are provided to thaw cooling water in a short period and therefore to improve a starting performance as well as to prevent breakage problems caused by frozen water inside a stack upon leaving a vehicle in a sub-zero temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (21), a hydrogen storage and supply system (31), an air supply system, a cooling system and a fuel cell controlling part (10), where the fuel cell system further comprises an electric heater(61) for thawing a cooling water in a cooling water tank(51) with a power supply generated from the fuel cell stack (21), and a combustible heater (70) for thawing the cooling water by heating the cooling water tank (51) with a combustion heat generated from additional fuel. In the fuel cell system, the controlling part(10) controls the operation of each heaters (61,70) according to a starting signal of a vehicle and signals inputted from a cooling water thermosensor (56) and a stack thermosensor (23).
NOVELTY - A process gas is pre-heated in heat-accumulated heat-exchange layer (4), and passed through porous catalyst layer (5) heated by solar heat. Hydrogen is generated by modification reaction of methane. The heat-exchange layer thermally radiates the heat contained in the generated gas. An air-fuel mixture of methane, water vapor, and oxygen (air), or an air-fuel mixture of methane and water vapor is used as the process gas.    USE - For modifying methane to hydrogen gas useful as fuel for hydrogen-fueled cars, fuel cells, hydrogen power-generating plants, and hydrogen utilization co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The method modifies methane gas into hydrogen using the combustion heat of solar energy, and enables stable supply of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for modification-reaction furnace (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the modification-reaction furnace. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification-reaction furnace (1)    modification processing chamber (2)    heating chamber (3)    heat-exchange layer (4)    porous catalyst layer (5)
NOVELTY - An oxidation catalyst layer (14) is provided in middle of combustion gas circulation layer (12), in gas flow direction, to heat reformed gas by combustion heat.    USE - In fuel cell for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Unnecessiates a heat exchanger after fuel reformation. Improves efficiency of modifier. Reduces size of modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of modifier.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformed gas circulation layer (10)    combustion gas circulation layer (12)    oxidation catalyst layer (14)
NOVELTY - The casting apparatus comprises silicon stopper (5) arranged inside nozzle (2) having circular cross-section. The inner surface of the nozzle tapers towards downward direction at taper angle of 5-30degrees. The nozzle has a length of 50-100 mm.    USE - For casting polycrystal silicon ingot (claimed) for forming polycrystal silicon substrate (claimed) for manufacturing solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables controlling the tapping temperature of the silicon melt solution accurately without expanding the casting apparatus and enables obtaining high quality polycrystal silicon ingot, at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) casting method of polycrystal silicon ingot;    (2) polycrystal silicon substrate;    (3) polycrystal silicon ingot; and    (4) solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the casting apparatus.    crucible (1a)    nozzle (2)    discharge outlet (3)    heating unit (4)    silicon stopper (5)    casting mold (9)
NOVELTY - Hexahydro borazine containing carbon atom(s) in a molecule, and/or amine or ammonia-borane complex having carbon atom(s) in complex are dehydrogenated, to produce hydrogen.    USE - For generating hydrogen for fuel cell system (claimed) used for generating electric power in electric vehicle, petroleum refining and chemical industry.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces hydrogen efficiently at low temperature, without producing residue. The raw material is liquefied easily. Hydrogen has excellent solubility, and is recovered easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel cell system having hydrogen generation unit and fuel cell unit.
NOVELTY - The detector sets direct current voltage between positive and negative side electrodes within 400-1200 mV, such that catalyst material in the positive electrode is not poisoned by carbon monoxide and water vapor does not dissociate.    USE - Hydrogen gas density detector used especially in the field of research of fuel cells that use hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - Detection is performed with sufficient precision.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph illustrating the relationship between direct current and applied voltage according to presence or absence of carbon monoxide. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The device calculates the hydrogen density of the gas to-be-measured based on the calculated dilution degree of the gas to-be-measured and the detected value of the hydrogen in diluted gas, after diluting the gas to-be-measured with a dilution gas.    USE - Hydrogen concentration detector device for fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Detects concentration of hydrogen in a gas precisely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen concentration detector device.    gas to-be-measured (1)    measured gas introduction hole (12)    hydrogen pumping circuit (40,60)    hydrogen sensing circuit (50)    hydrogen concentration detector (100A)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen production apparatus (1) has a hydrogen generator (2) which produces hydrogen and heat, and a gas generation unit (3) which requires temperature more than normal temperature for generating gas. The heat produced by the hydrogen generator is supplied to gas generation unit.    USE - As fuel for electric power generation by fuel cell used as power energy source of electric product in home and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen production apparatus efficiently, economically, safely and steadily produces hydrogen gas. Waste treatment cost and hydrogen production cost are reduced by using silicon waste or aluminum was produced from semiconductor manufacturing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system block diagram of the hydrogen production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen production apparatus (1)    Hydrogen generator (2)    Gas generation device (3)    Hydrogen fermentation portion (16)    Methane-fermentation portion (17)
NOVELTY - A base material is exposed to an atmosphere containing chlorine-group silane gas, and a silicon thin film is formed on the base material by plasma chemical vapor deposition.    USE - For forming silicon thin film for silicon thin film solar cell (claimed) for sensor and liquid crystal applications.    ADVANTAGE - High quality silicon thin film with reduced defect density is formed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen gas is added with respect to the chlorine-group silane gas. The chlorine-group silane gas is at least one type chosen from dichloro-silane gas, trichloro-silane gas and tetrachloro-silane gas. Group (III) element-containing gas is added with respect to the silane gas. The base material is a glass substrate or zinc oxide transparent electrically conductive film. Alternatively, group (V) element-containing gas is added with respect to the silane gas.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) silicon thin film solar cell; and    (b) p-type silicon thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph of absorption coefficient of p-type silicon thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The thin silicon type solar cell module has heat insulation material (6) formed of foamable methacyrl resin at reverse side of sealing agent (3) held in solar battery element (2).    USE - Thin silicon type solar cell module with solar battery element having thin silicon semiconductor layer on transparent substrate.    ADVANTAGE - By using heat insulation material, the solar cell module excels in weather proofness when subjected to direct sunlight, ultraviolet ray resistance, lightweight and thermal insulation property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the solar cell module incorporating heat insulation material.    Transparent substrate (1)    Solar battery element (2)    Sealing agent (3)    Frame (4)    Terminal box (5)    Heat insulation material (6)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive wiring connects anode in series with cathode of the unit cell comprising nanocrystal titanium dioxide film and nanoparticle platinum film containing dye.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module can be manufactured easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the board of solar cell module.    Transparent substrate (10)    Electroconductive film (11)
NOVELTY - An electrode (10A) has a transparent electrical conductive film (13) and mesh-shaped conductive material formed on a base material. The mesh-shaped conductive material has lower resistance than the transparent conductive film and contains metal or its alloy which easily forms a passive state film.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrode has excellent durability, reliability and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Corrosion of auxiliary electrode by electrolyte liquid is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye sensitized solar cell having above electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of electrode. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrode (10A)    Base film (11)    Auxiliary electrode (12)    Transparent electrical conductive film (13)    Barrier layer (14)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor microparticle layer (3a) and transparent electrode (2) are laminated on a reflection layer (10) which is formed on a transparent substrate (1a). The semiconductor microparticle layer is irradiated with ultraviolet light so that semiconductor microparticles are sintered at low temperature to form a semiconductor layer (3).    USE - For manufacturing optical pumping type functional device (claimed) such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the semiconductor microparticles are sintered at low temperature, the energy consumption in sintering process is suppressed. Decreases the damage on the substrate by the ultraviolet irradiation during sintering so manufacturing the optical pumping type functional device with high reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optical pumping type functional device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section explaining the semiconductor layer formation process.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent substrate (1a)    Transparent electrode (2)    Semiconductor layer (3)    Semiconductor microparticle layer (3a)    Reflection layer (10)
NOVELTY - A titania electrode (3) arranged by the side of a glass substrate (1), includes a semiconductor layer (32) provided over a tungsten net-like structure (71), such that the layer (32) contacts the surface layer of a tungsten rod. The titania electrode consists of metal complex pigment as sensitizing dye.    USE - E.g. dye-sensitized solar cell for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Restrains internal resistance and heat loss during current collection, and hence improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of dye-sensitized solar cell.    glass substrate (1)    ceramic substrate (2)    titania electrode (3)    semiconductor layer (32)    tungsten net-like structure (71)
NOVELTY - A silicone layer (11 ) and a polyimide layer (12) having different thermal expansion coefficients are provided alternately in a thermal expansion element (13) which is heated by heater.    USE - Fuel injection apparatus. This technique also applicable for optical fiber fixing tool (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables to maintain displacement characteristic with small hysteresis. Simplifies manufacturing process of drive actuator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) manufacturing method of heat drive-type actuator; and    (2) optical fiber fixing tool.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the thermal expansion element.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicone layer (11)    Polyimide layer (12)    Thermal expansion element (13)
NOVELTY - The silicon nanowires arranged in the shape of a two dimensional array in a solar cell module (13), have p-type and n-type layers that are alternately arranged.    USE - Hydrogen gas generator for fuel cell of energy system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Simple structured hydrogen gas generator that enables generating efficiently hydrogen gas, is obtained at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electrolyzer;    (2) solar cell module;    (3) energy system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the sectional and top views of hydrogen gas generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electrolytic cell (11)    water (12)    solar cell module (13)    module support (14)
NOVELTY - A reducing agent of iridium ion is added to a reversed micelle solution (A) containing iridium ion in micelle. Subsequently, a reversed micelle solution (B) containing platinum ion is mixed. A reducing agent of platinum ion is added. An electroconductive support is dispersed in solution to form an electroconductive support containing composite metal particle.    USE - For electrodes of fuel cell, photocatalyst for outer surface of vehicle such as bumper, front grill and fin of purifier and for dye sensitized solar cell element.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has narrow particle size distribution. The catalyst shows high catalyst activity over a long period of time. The catalyst improves the efficiency of fuel cell. The calcination temperature of composite metal particle can be lowered. Therefore, sintering of composite particle is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model of reversed micelle. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A hose is equipped with at least one structure layer. The innermost layer (1) is formed with a rubber composition comprising a rubber (A), organized layered clay mineral (B) and methacrylic acid modified liquid polyisoprene rubber (C). Rubber (A) does not have polar group. The mineral (B) is organized with a processing agent which has a non-polar alkyl chain and a non-polar aromatic ring.    USE - As hose for fuel cell systems, such as engine cooling-type hose, radiator hose, heater hose, refrigerant transport hose for coolers and fuel cell electric vehicles, high-pressure hose for hydraulic machines, and hose for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hose has excellent strength and gas-permeability proof property, without impairing physical property, such as flexibility. The layered clay mineral is dispersed efficiently in the innermost layer. The hose has high quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hose is equipped with at least one structure layer. The innermost layer is formed with a rubber composition comprising a rubber (A), organized layered clay mineral (B) and methacrylic acid modified liquid polyisoprene rubber (C). Rubber (A) has silicon atom and oxygen atom in principal chain of the molecular chain, or (un)saturated carbon bond in principal chain, and does not have polar group. The mineral (B) is organized with a processing agent which has a non-polar alkyl chain and a non-polar aromatic ring.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hose. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    innermost layer (1)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell using a novel electrolyte has ionic liquids of the ammonium, phosphonium and e.g. imidazole salts type. These electrolytes can operate at temperatures up to 250degreesC and from ambient to 200 atmospheres pressure, with 15-68%.    USE - Used in chemical engineering.
NOVELTY - The temperature detectors (116,117) detect temperature of a conversion unit (103) that processes reformed gas and a selective oxidation unit (105) that reduces carbon monoxide gas concentration in the reformed gas respectively. A controller (205) detects excess amount of water in the hydrogen generating unit (118), when the rate of the temperature rise detected by one of temperature detectors is less than threshold values.    USE - For hydrogen generation in fuel cell system (claimed) for use as domestic electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents activity reduction of catalyst in the conversion unit and the selective oxidation device while reducing starting energy loss of hydrogen generator, thereby improving performance of hydrogen generator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) operating method of hydrogen generator;    (2) operating method of fuel system; and    (3) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    conversion unit (103)    selective oxidation unit (105)    temperature detectors (116,117)    hydrogen generating unit (118)    controller (205)
NOVELTY - A silicon feedstock comprises (ppm) boron (0.2 - 10, preferably 0.3 - 5) and phosphorus (0.1 - 10, preferably 0.5 - 3.5) distributed in the material.    USE - For producing directionally solidified czochralski float zone or multi-crystalline silicon ingots, thin sheets, ribbons for producing PV silicon wafers for solar cells (Claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The silicon feed stock provides PV solar cells meeting commercial efficiency targets.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) directionally solidified czochralski, float zone or multi-crystalline silicon ingot or thin silicon sheet or ribbon for making wafers for solar cells comprises the silicon ingot having a type change from p-type to n-type or from n-type to p-type at a position of 40 - 99% of the ingot height or sheet or ribbon thickness and having a resistivity profile described by a curve having a starting value of 0.4 - 10 (preferably 0.7 - 3) ohm cm and where the resistivity value increases towards the type change point; and    (2) production of silicon feedstock, where a metallurgical grade silicon produced in an electric arc furnace by carbothermic reduction furnace and containing boron (0 - 300 ppma) and phosphorus (0 - 100 ppma), involving treating the metallurgical grade silicon with a calcium silicate slag to reduce the boron content of the silicon to 0.2 - 10 ppma, solidifying the slag treated silicon, leaching the resulting silicon by an acid leach solution to remove impurities, melting the resulting silicon, solidifying the molten silicon in the form of an ingot by directional solidification, removing the upper part of the solidified ingot to provide the silicon ingot and crushing and/or sizing the resulting silicon.
NOVELTY - The method involves supplying reactive gas containing fluorine compound and organic magnesium compound, under atmospheric pressure or pressure of atmospheric-pressure vicinity between opposing electrodes, applying a high-frequency voltage to make the reactive gas into an excited state, and exposing a base material (2) to the excited reactive gas.    USE - For transparent plastic film and laminated film used for organic electroluminescent element (all claimed), electro-optic element, liquid crystal display element, plasma display and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides magnesium-fluoride thin film having excellent water-vapor barrier property, transparency, adhesion and flat-surface property. The thin film has reduced central-line average roughness and reflectance. Manufacture of the thin film is performed at high speed. The thin film provides organic electroluminescent element having excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) magnesium-fluoride thin film;    (2) transparent plastic film;    (3) laminated film; and    (4) organic electroluminescent element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline structure of a thin-film forming apparatus.    thin-film forming apparatus (1)    base material (2)    support (10)    electroconductive base material (11)    dielectric (12)    conveyance unit (13)    guide idler (16)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly comprises cells having ends on one side forming gas passages and that are gas-tightly fixed to a holder. Between the peripheries of the ends on one side of the cells and the holder, there are arranged a fixing member (54) for fixing the cells to the holder and a sealing member (56) for accomplishing a gas-tight sealing between the ends on one side of the cells and the holder, the fixing member and the sealing member having properties different from each other.    USE - As a fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly does not have to employ a complex fixing structure and enables the ends on one side of the cells to be fixed to the holder reliably gas-tightly and firmly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view illustrating, partly on an enlarged scale, a mode for gas-tightly fixing the cells to a plate member that constitutes a holder in the fuel cell assembly.    Plate member (18)    Through openings (52)    Fixing member (54)    Sealing member (56)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte-membrane-electrode complex comprises a catalyst material having a functional group (54) which covalently binds to a catalyst metal particle (53) on the surface of a catalyst carrier (56), and a catalyst metal particle which is covalently bound to the functional group, as a catalytic layer for an electrode.    USE - The invention is used for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents catalyst particles from cohering to another and keeps the particles small, and increases surface area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising:    (1) an anode for oxidizing a fuel;    (2) a cathode for reducing oxygen; and    (3) an electrolyte membrane created between the anode and the cathode, where at least one of the anode and the cathode has a catalyst metal particle, a catalyst carrier, and a functional group which covalently binds to the catalyst metal particle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of structural models of the catalyst material.    Catalyst metal particle (53)    Functional group (54)    Alkyl chain (55)    Carrier (56)
NOVELTY - An organic electronic device comprises a lower electrode layer; precipitation layer over the lower electrode layer; and organic layer composed of dried film resulting from the drying of organic material deposited upon the precipitation agent layer. The dried film has a flat and uniform profile.    USE - The device is used as organic LED (OLED) device, organic transistor or organic solar cell (claimed). It is used in fabricating OLED display for use within computer displays, information displays in vehicles, television monitors, telephones, printers and illuminated signs. It is also used in phototransistor, laser, photodetector, optocoupler, biosensors or chemical applications such as application in combinatorial synthesis.    ADVANTAGE - The use of precipitation agent yields a uniform and flat profile for the conducting polymer or other organic layer which is formed by drying of deposited organic solution upon the device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of fabricating an organic electronic device comprising:    (1) patterning a lower electrode layer upon a substrate;    (2) depositing a precipitation agent upon the lower electrode layer; and    (3) depositing an organic material upon the precipitation agent with the organic material drying into an organic layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the forces associated with the drying or organic solution drop deposited onto and dissolved in a precipitation agent.    Drop (300)    Deposition surface (310)
NOVELTY - An ozonized carbon nanotube comprises 3-30% of the sidewall carbon atoms having a primary ozonide attached.    USE - For catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalysis, high strength engineering fibers, sensory devices, and molecular wires for the next generation of electronic devices, e.g. sensor, device used in molecular electronics, solar cells, a device used in optoelectronics, a device used in nanocatalysis and scanning probe microscopy tips.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has high level of purity and controls the location and types of oxygen moieties placed on carbon nanotubes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of ozonizing the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes comprising exposing the carbon nanotube dispersion to an ozone/oxygen mixture at -95 to -55degreesC to form ozonized carbon nanotubes. The ozone is added to the sidewalls by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to attach primary ozonides on the sidewalls of the nanotubes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows scanning electron micrographs of nanotube samples.
NOVELTY - Ionic liquid comprises an organic compound as a cation.    USE - For use in lithium battery, double layer capacitor, dye-sensitized solar cell, or green solvent (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ionic liquid exhibits a liquid form over a broad temperature range from a low temperature region of or below room temperature. It exhibits a stable liquid state at below 20 (preferably -30)degreesC and has a good conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ionic liquid comprises an organic compound of formula (1) as a cation.    R1-R5 = H, halogen, or 1-10C alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl or alkoxyalkyl;    X, Y = N or P;    Z = S or O.    INDEPENDENT CLAIM are also included for:    (1) a process for manufacturing the above ionic liquid comprising reacting together an organic compound R5Q and a compound of formula (2) while stirring at 20-100 degrees C to produce a salt of formula (3);    (2) an ionic liquid comprising a cationic and an anion where the cation comprises the compound of formula (1); and    (3) a process for manufacturing (2) above.    R5 = 1-10C alkyl;    Q = halo, HSO4 or NO3;    R1-R4 = H, halogen, or 1-10C alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl or alkoxyalkyl.
NOVELTY - A solenoid valve closes fuel flow path of fuel electrode by stopping fuel feed pump, during idle state of fuel cell.    USE - E.g. direct methanol type fuel cell (DMFC). Also applicable for phosphoric acid fuel cell and hydrogen type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel consumption during methanol crossover is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell control method; and    (2) pneumatic control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of a fuel cell apparatus.    electrolyte film (1)    anode (2)    cathode (3)    membrane electrode assembly (6)    fuel tank (11)    fuel (50)
NOVELTY - A cathode pump (34) provided at downstream side of a humidifier (32) which supplies moisture content to cathode gas, sends cathode gas containing oxygen to an anode (14b) of a fuel cell (14) such as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). A modifier (12) generates reformed gas containing hydrogen gas and supplies to an anode (14a) of the fuel cell. The fuel cell generates electric power, by receiving reformed gas and cathode gas.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The pressure of air for modification is reduced, since cathode pump is provided at downstream side of humidifier, and water vapor in moisture content containing gas is easily moved into the gas for modification.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (12)    fuel cell (14)    anode (14a)    cathode (14b)    cathode gas passageway (30)    humidifier (32)    cathode pump (34)
NOVELTY - The magnesium type hydrogen storage material comprises magnesium and carbon.    USE - For storing fuel in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material has excellent occlusion and discharge property of hydrogen, even at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The magnesium type hydrogen storage material comprises (i) carbon (in wt.%) (0.3-10) and remaining magnesium, or (ii) carbon (0.3-10), nickel (1-20) and remaining magnesium. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of magnesium type hydrogen storage material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph showing the hydrogen storage characteristics and discharge characteristics of magnesium-carbon-nickel alloy. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A microsphere-like zeolite fuel processing agent contains zeolite and binder, and has metal, metal oxide, or ion of IB, VIII and/or lanthanide group elements, supported on a zeolite compact. Fuel processing agent has average particle diameter of 0.3-5 mm, average compressive strength of 2-30 N, pore diameter of 30-500 nm at pore volume of 0.1-0.6 ml/g, and average compressive strength index of 1-5.    USE - As processing component for removing sulfur component in fuel such as liquefied petroleum gas, alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, light oil, natural gas and town gas, used for fuel cell used as electric power generation system in fixed equipment and motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The microsphere-like zeolite fuel processing agent has uniform particle size distribution, high compressive strength, excellent fluidity, abrasion resistance, high-density filling property and processing capacity, without powdering, even if pore volume is large and particle diameter is small. Effective processing surface of zeolite is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A microsphere-like zeolite fuel processing agent contains zeolite and binder, and has metal, metal oxide, or ion of IB, VIII and/or lanthanide group elements, supported on a zeolite compact. Fuel processing agent has average particle diameter (D) of 0.3-5 mm, average compressive strength (N) of 2-30 N, pore diameter of 30-500 nm at pore volume (PV) of 0.1-0.6 ml/g, and average compressive strength index (C) of 1-5. The compressive strength index is calculated by the formula: C=NxPVdivide byD.
NOVELTY - A catalyst film has alpha-alumina film and eta-alumina film arranged sequentially on a substrate.    USE - Used as a water vapor modification catalyst for a solid polymeric fuel cell, gas engine or gas turbine.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has several reaction active points and good adhesion property w.r.t the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate is metal, glass or ceramics. The eta-alumina film contains ruthenium, palladium and/or platinum as a catalytic active component.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a catalyst support;    (2) the production of a catalyst film; and    (3) the production of a catalyst support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an apparatus for the production of a catalyst film or membrane.
NOVELTY - A thin flow path plate (160) is formed on both surfaces of a hydrogen permeability plate (150). A thin palladium film is exposed to the inner surface of the hydrogen flow path by laminating the film with the hydrogen permeability plate and the thin flow path plate.    USE - Hydrogen separation device for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Manufactures hydrogen separation device easily and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flowchart indicting the manufacturing method of hydrogen separation device (Drawing includes non-English language text).    top plate (130)    purge gas flow path plate (140)    hydrogen permeability plate (150)    hydrogen gas flow path plate (160)    reinforcement plate (170a,170b)
NOVELTY - The method involves contacting a mixture containing a compound comprising both carbon and hydrogen, water and an oxidizing agent, with a catalyst. The mixture is modified to form a product having hydrogen as main component.    USE - For fuel container used for electric power generating apparatus (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Modification method of hydrocarbon compound is performed efficiently, with reduced supply of heat energy. The formation rate of carbon monoxide is low and the conversion rate is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst contains copper or platinum group element. The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) modifier (4);    (2) electric power generating apparatus (1); and    (3) fuel container (2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modification method of carbon compound containing hydrogen for fuel cell-type electric power generating apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electric power generating apparatus (1)    fuel container (2)    vaporizer (3)    modifier (4)    fuel cell (6)
NOVELTY - The calculator estimates the composition of raw material supplied to the hydrogen generator based on the detected heat release by the material and standard heat release-combustion relation. The feed rate of water supplied to the hydrogen generator is adjusted by a regulator based on the estimated raw material composition.    USE - For fuel cell based electric power generation system (claimed) and combined cycle power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Allows stable supply of water to the hydrogen generator irrespective of variation in the composition of raw material. Raises economical efficiency and achieves energy saving irrespective of material composition change.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat released by the raw material during combustion and pre-heating of modification catalyst, is estimated based on which heat energy release per unit flow rate of material is obtained. The composition of the raw material is obtained from the standard heat release table and estimated heat release values. The temperature of hydrogen generator or gas passing through the catalyst is detected to judge the combustion. The temperature variation of hydrogen generator within specific time is determined to obtain the total heat release rate, and accordingly the aggregate supply of raw material is estimated. The supply rate of raw material is adjusted when the detected temperature of hydrogen generator is below or above set limits.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell based electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of hydrogen generator.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (2)    combustor (4)    raw material supply unit (6)    water supply unit (7)    controller (9)
NOVELTY - A mixed gas containing hydrogen is reacted with an aromatic compound in a hydrogenation reactor. The hydrogen generated is stored in the aromatic compound to form hydrogenated aromatic compound. The hydrogenated aromatic compound is supplied to a dehydrogenation reactor from which hydrogen is recovered. Separation and recovery of hydrogen are performed alternately. The hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactors are connected in series.    USE - For separating hydrogen from mixed gas such as coke oven gas, cracked gas or coal gasification gas of naphtha for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method effectively and inexpensively separates hydrogen from mixed gas at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for high-pressure hydrogen supply-utilization method at a pressure of 10-2000 atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows recovering apparatus of hydrogen gas from mixed gas containing hydrogen. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A hydrogenation aromatic compound (A) is continuously dehydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst in liquid state by heat-pressing to produce a high-pressure hydrogen gas (B). The generated high-pressure state hydrogen gas is directly utilized.    USE - For supplying and utilizing high-pressure hydrogen used for liquefaction of coal, ammonia synthesis and petroleum refining, and for fuel cell (all claimed), power station and motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The supply and utilization method of high-pressure hydrogen gas is enabled without performing high-pressure filling of hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) supply apparatus of high-pressure hydrogen gas, which supplies hydrogen gas obtained by continuously dehydrogenating hydrogenation aromatic compound in liquid state at 150-400degreesC and under pressure of 50-700 atmosphere in presence of catalyst;    (2) high-pressure cylinder, which is filled with high-pressure hydrogen gas; and    (3) dehydrogenation device, which has a reactor, which reacts a reaction liquid and dehydrogenation catalyst, a supply port of hydrogenation aromatic compound liquid provided at lower portion of reactor, a discharge port of aromatic compound liquid provided at intermediate portion of reactor, and a discharge port of high-pressure hydrogen gas provided at upper portion of reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the utilization form of hydrogen gas in high-pressure-hydrogen supply utilization method.    hydrogenation aromatic compound (A)    hydrogen gas (B)    dehydrogenated aromatic compound (C)    hydrogenation aromatic compound storage unit (T1)    hydrogen cylinder (B_O)    fuel cell electric vehicle (V)
NOVELTY - A permeability control element (52) lowers the raw material gas permeability at the upstream side of a porous ceramic separation membrane (48) than the gas permeability at downstream side of the membrane.    USE - For producing hydrogen by steam reforming of methane, for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses loss of the raw material gas, as the gas can be collected more at the downstream side than the upstream side of the membrane, hence achieves high yield of hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a separation membrane element of the membrane reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    separation membrane element (34)    gas flow paths (40,42)    porous ceramic separation membrane (48)    permeability control element (52)
NOVELTY - The anode gas residual amount in an anode gas cylinder is calculated based on the internal pressure and temperature of the cylinder, while calculating anode gas usage amount per unit time based on the power generation electric current of the fuel cell. The time for supplying power generation electric current to a connection apparatus is determined based on the calculation results.    USE - For calculating power generation time of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The exact exchange time of cylinder according to the load of the connection apparatus is alerted so power generation stop by fuel runout is suppressed more effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The flow chart shows the operation of the electric power generation time calculation apparatus.(Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An unimolecular layer of non-degradable organic molecule is formed on titanium dioxide single crystal after cleaning the crystal under vacuum. The crystal is immersed into solution of functional molecule after removing the impurities of unimolecular layer by exposing to atmosphere, so that exchange of organic molecule and functional molecule occurs to form a monolayer of functional molecule.    USE - For functionalization of metal oxide for manufacture of dye sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A high order monolayer of functional molecule is formed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the characteristic views of sum frequency vibration spectrum of monolayer of functional molecule. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A pressing belt (130) is provided at upstream side of positioning belt (110), for positioning interconnect and photovoltaic cell. A heating belt (120) is provided at downstream side of the positioning belt, for heat fixing the interconnect and photovoltaic cell.    USE - For manufacturing solar-cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to connect photovoltaic cell efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar-cell module manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory diagram of solar-cell module manufacturing apparatus.    positioning belt (110)    heating belt (120)    pressing belt (130)    heating blocks (132a,132b)
NOVELTY - The solar cell has an optical absorption layer (5) formed on a metal electrode (3). An ultra-thin film (4) formed at the boundary of the metal electrode and the optical absorption layer is utilized as a solid lubricant while patterning the optical absorption layer.    USE - E.g. copper indium diselenide (CIS)/copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS)/copper-indium-gallium-selenium-sulfur (CIGSS) based integrated thin film solar cell used in solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Damage causing to the substrate due to usage of metal needles for mechanical patterning is avoided by using simple structure. The integrated thin film solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be manufactured quickly by using inexpensive manufacturing apparatus, thereby improving yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for integrated thin film solar cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains three patterning processes involved in integrated thin film solar cell manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (2)    metal electrode (3)    ultra-thin film (4)    optical absorption layer (5)    buffer layer (6)    window layer (7)
NOVELTY - The apparatus stores a fuel phase (1-4) which is gelatinized, solidified, or which is in sol-form. The fuel phase consists of a liquid fuel and a polymer mutually coupled to the fuel. The polymer has affinity with respect to the fuel.    USE - Fuel stockpile apparatus of fuel cell used as electric-power generation source in portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The scattering of fuel to the surroundings and the contamination of the surroundings is suppressed when the outer covering of the fuel tank of the stockpile apparatus, fails, as the fuel phase is not in the form of a liquid but is in gelatinized or solidified so that the surface tension and the viscosity of the fuel is high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell with the fuel tank.    fuel tank (1-1)    electric power generation unit (1-2)    semipermeable membrane (1-3)    fuel phase (1-4)    electric-power generation phase (1-5)
NOVELTY - A mixed aqueous solution is obtained by dissolving an organic compound having polyether structure in peroxotitanic acid aqueous solution (I), peroxotitanic acid modified anatase-type titanium oxide aqueous sol (II), or titanium oxide-type compound liquid mixture (III) obtained by mixing solution (I) and sol (II).    USE - For semiconductor electrode, optoelectric transducer and solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The mixed aqueous solution has excellent shelf life, wettability with respect to substrate and quick drying property (claimed). The solution forms uniform film with excellent adhesion, wear resistance, hardness, transparency, few interference color and muddiness (claimed). The film is manufactured by inexpensive method, and has high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of mixed aqueous solution;    (2) semiconductor electrode is obtained by applying or impregnating the mixed aqueous solution on electroconductive surface of an electroconductive substrate (3), drying and forming a semiconductor film (4);    (3) manufacture of semiconductor electrode;    (4) optoelectric transducer having the semiconductor electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolyte having oxidation-reduction pair;    (5) manufacture of optoelectric transducer;    (6) solar cell produced using the optoelectric transducer; and    (7) manufacture of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the semiconductor electrode.    substrate (1)    electroconductive film (2)    electroconductive substrate (3)    semiconductor film (4)
NOVELTY - A preset gap is provided between a substrate (105) formed with an etching layer surface and a working electrode (101). The electricity is supplied between the working electrode and the substrate.    USE - Electrolytic etching method for removing pattern in surface layer of semiconductor element in manufacture of photovoltaic element and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Forms thin etching line at cell edge portion. Enhances efficiency of etching process. Increases yield of solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrolytic etching device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the electrolytic etching device.    Working electrode (101)    Insulation element (102)    Auxiliary electrode (103)    Etching electrode (104)    Substrate (105)    Electrolyte liquid (106)
NOVELTY - The silicon slag (3) after slag refinement, is maintained in molten state for preset time.    USE - For removal of sodium in silicon refinement during manufacture of high purity silicon used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - A sodium is removed efficiently and high purity silicon is manufactured by an inexpensive and simple method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The silicon slag after slag refinement, is maintained in molten state for preset time calculated from the relation: T=119x(V/S)ln(CL/CF), where T is the time (minutes), S is internal boundary product (m2) of molten silicon, V is volume (m3) of molten silicon, CL is initial stage concentration (ppm) of sodium and CF is final concentration (ppm) of sodium. An inert gas is sprayed or bubbled to the silicon surface (5) while maintaining the silicon slag in molten state.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the method for removing sodium in silicon refinement.    silicon (1)    slag (3)    sodium (4)    surface of silicon (5)    entire silicon (6)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for modification of oxygen-containing hydrocarbon contains silver as an active metal component    USE - For modification of oxygen-containing hydrocarbon, for manufacture of hydrogen and synthesis gas used for fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has improved durability, and suppresses deterioration by caulking. The synthesis gas and hydrogen are manufactured efficiently using the modification catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of hydrogen and synthesis gas, which involves carrying out steam reforming of oxygen-containing hydrocarbon in presence of above modification catalyst; and    (2) fuel cell system which has a modifier (31) equipped with the above modification catalyst, and a fuel cell (34) using hydrogen manufactured by the modifier, as a fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vaporizer (1)    water feed pipe (11)    fuel inlet tube (12)    modifier (31)    fuel cell (34)
NOVELTY - A starting device is provided for a fuel cell system provided with a reformer (3), a fuel cell (7), a multi-way valve (4), situated between the reformer and the fuel cell, and a hydrogen buffer reservoir (1). The hydrogen buffer reservoir is fed with hydrogen from the multi-way valve by some piping systems (12, 13) and provides hydrogen to the reformer by a piping system (9) during the starting phase of the reformer.    USE - The invention provides a device for starting a fuel cell, in particular one incorporating a reformer and a hydrogen storage reservoir fed by the reformer with applications for electric powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an improved starting device for the fuel cell, allowing a reduction in the volume of the hydrogen buffer storage reservoir whilst allowing a continuous feed of hydrogen and a reduction in polluting emissions during the transitory starting of the reformer system. Moreover the inventive system does not use conventional fuel to increase the temperature of the reformer system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) the starting of a fuel cell system;    (B) a vehicle incorporating this starting device for a fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrate schematically a device with a fuel cell according to the invention, incorporating a hydrogen buffer reservoir and the reformer, and a device with a fuel cell according to the invention, incorporating a palladium and/or polymer based membrane.    Hydrogen buffer reservoir; (1)    Fuel reservoir; (2)    Reformer; (3)    Multi-way valve; (4)    Anode; (5)    Cathode; (6)    Fuel cell; (7)    Air compressor; (8)    Piping systems; (9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24)    Air inlet; (18)    Electrical output; (19, 20)    Membrane. (22)
NOVELTY - A heat-bearing fluid is an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as an alkene, with an electrical conductivity less than 10-2 muS/cm, preferably less than 10-3 muS/cm and a boiling point above 200degreesC. It has a specific heat capacity greater than 2200 J/kg/K and a viscosity less than 2 cSt at ambient temperature. Its flash point is greater than 75degreesC.    USE - Used as a fuel pile generating electricity and heat.    ADVANTAGE - The fluids used allow better electrical insulation between the fuel pile cells whilst still using a common cooling circuit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel pile system comprises an assembly of elementary cells (1) each containing at least one heat-bearing fluid passage (4) connected to a heat-bearing fluid circulation circuit (5). The heat-bearing fluid is a 12C alpha-olefin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows one form of the fuel pile system    Pack of cells (1)    Parallel elementary cell (2)    Bi-polar plates separating cells (3)    Cooling fluid (4)    Circulation loop (5)    Pump (6)    Reservoir (7)
NOVELTY - The flexible high barrier electrode, especially as an organic light diode, is a flexible and transparent and electrically conductive layer system. It has a plastics film substrate (1) with at least two dielectric layers (2,4) on one side, where the first layer which can be of Si3N4 and in a thickness of 150-250 nm which is at least three times the thickness of the second layer over it. The dielectric layers flank a metal layer (3) in a thickness of 8-10 nm. The first dielectric layer is of a material which acts as a high barrier against water vapor. The other side of the substrate is covered by at least one anti-reflection layer (5,6).    USE - The multi-layer structure is for an organic light diode and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The structure gives an inexpensive, transparent and flexible electrode, with long-term stability and good barrier characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic section through the barrier electrode structure.    substrate (1)    dielectric layers (2,4)    metal layer (3)    anti-reflection layers (5,6)
NOVELTY - The solar cell active layer comprises a solid solution of (Ag,Cu)A5B8 and A2B2 with spinel structure of n-type semiconductor combined with a buffer layer of transparent p-type semiconductor.    USE - A thin layer solar cell for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications including extraterrestrial uses.    ADVANTAGE - The cell heterostructure is sensitive in the blue spectral region. It is largely radiation-resistant, optimized in weight and economical to manufacture. Deposition takes place at temperatures below 400degreesC. Efficiency limitation by boundary surface recombination is avoided by use of an n-type semiconductor as the absorber layer.
NOVELTY - Power plant comprises fuel cells, where its installed peak power is more than two times higher than the average generated power.    USE - For generating electric power for, e.g. electrochemical production process (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Compensates for reducing cell voltage caused by fuel cell degradation and for the increasing voltage required by the electrolysis cell as a result of the degradation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for generating electric power using the power plant, comprising supplying part of the generated power to an electrochemical process in which hydrogen is released, and at least part of the hydrogen is utilized by the power plant for generating electric power.
NOVELTY - A compound semiconductor layer (23) is formed on one portion of the surface of the electrically conductive film (22). A highly resistant portion (23B) of the compound semiconductor layer has n-type impurity doped by p-type semiconductor crystal. The high resistant portion is formed under the opening (29) of the n-type window layer (24) formed on the compound semiconductor layer.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Shunt resistance in equivalent circuit is increased and leak electric current is reduced. Energy conversion efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell.    Electroconductive film (22)    Compound semiconductor layer (23)    High resistant portion (23B)    n-ype Window layer (24)    Opening (29)
NOVELTY - A catalytic system (c1) comprises a catalyst containing nanoporous or mesoporous palladium and an ion-exchange electrolyte.    USE - Used for the oxidation or reduction of inorganic and organic molecules, e.g. organic molecule having 1-12C or methanol; in an electrode, which is used in a fuel cell or a sensor; for the detection of organic and/or inorganic molecules (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst system provides improved performance compared with previously reported systems containing a palladium-containing catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a multi-component catalyst (c2) comprising nanoporous or mesoporous palladium and at least one of platinum, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, silver, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, lead, vanadium, tungsten, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or phosphorus;    (2) the production of (c2) involving solidifying at least one of metal precursor in the presence of a templating agent and then removing the templating agent; and    (3) the detection of organic and/or inorganic molecules in a sample involving contacting the sample with a sensor comprising an electrode containing (c1) or (c2) and detecting the current due to the oxidation or reduction of the molecules.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of a nano-particulate electrode for dye solar cells, includes providing an electrically conductive substrate (1); formation of a nanoparticulate layer on the substrate; application of dye to the nanoparticulate layer; and electrolytic treatment of the nanoparticulate layer in an electrolyte.    USE - The method is for manufacture of a nano-particulate electrode for dye solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improves performance of dye solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagrammatic view of a setup for electrolytic treatment of nano-particulate electrode.    Substrate (1)    Nanomaterial (2)    Reference electrode (3)    Counter electrode (4)    Programmable potentiostat (5)
NOVELTY - The silicon substrate is immersed in a mixed aqueous solution containing metal ion, oxidizer and hydrofluoric acid, and a porous silicon layer is formed on surface of the substrate, to obtain a silicon substrate with porous layer.    USE - For manufacturing silicon substrate with porous layer, used for sensor and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient and economical production of silicon substrate with porous silicon layer, having excellent productivity, within a short period of time and without contaminating the environment. Several substrates are immersed into the same aqueous solution, and thickness of the porous silicon layer is efficiently controlled, during silicon substrate with porous silicon layer manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal ion is chosen from silver, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium and/or gold. The oxidizer is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and/or ozone.
NOVELTY - A reflection prevention film is formed by laminating a hard coat layer (2), a high refractive index layer (3) and a low refractive index layer (4), sequentially on a transparent base film (1). The layer (4) is obtained by irradiating a hard coat film comprising hollow silica microparticles, a polyfunctional (meth)acrylic compound and a photopolymerization initiator, with ultraviolet rays in an atmosphere having oxygen concentration of 0-10000 ppm.    USE - For electromagnetic wave shielding light transmitting window material, gas discharge type light emitting panel, flat display panel, show window material and solar cell module (all claimed). Also used for word processor, computer, cathode ray tube, plasma television, liquid crystal display, organic electroluminescent display, motor vehicle, building, window glass of electric train and frame glass of pictures.    ADVANTAGE - The reflection prevention film has excellent reflection prevention capability. The solar cell module has excellent electric power generation efficiency and low external light reflectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electromagnetic shielding property light transmissive window material;    (2) gas discharge-type light emission panel which is formed by carrying out lamination of light emission panel main component, electromagnetic shielding layer arranged at front surface of the light emission panel main component and reflection prevention layer;    (3) flat display panel;    (4) show window material; and    (5) solar cell module, each using the reflection prevention film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the reflection prevention film.    transparent base film (1)    hard coat layer (2)    high refractive index layer (3)    low refractive index layer (4)
NOVELTY - Tank comprises tank chambers (3a,3b) divided by a partition plate (4), for storing liquid fuel and waste liquid, respectively. The volume of the tank chambers, is changed by sliding the partition plate.    USE - For storing liquid fuel for fuel cell (claimed) used as power supply for portable notebook personal computer and mobile phone.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for special tank for storing waste liquid and hence reduces the size of the liquid tank. Avoids leakage of waste liquid and supplies liquid fuel to fuel cell stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the liquid storage tank.    liquid storage tank (1)    tank portion (2)    tank chambers (3a,3b)    partition plate (4)
NOVELTY - The coolant consists of a non-aqueous base.    USE - For cooling system (claimed) of fuel cell such as vehicle-mounted fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The non-freezing coolant has excellent heat conducting characteristics, rust-proof property and low electroconductivity, without deterioration of coolant in cooling circuit for long period of time, and without need to clean the cooling component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for cooling system of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model explaining the effect of phase transition substance. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The container (15) has inner and outer heat insulation layers (15a,15b). The inner insulation layer forms a combustion gas flow path (17). A combustion air supply flow path (18) is formed between the inner and outer insulation layers, so that supplied combustion air is preheated by the combustion gas in the flow path (17).    USE - Heat insulation container structure used in modifier of fuel reformer which manufactures reformed hydrogen fuel used in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By preheating the supplied combustion air with combustion gas, the volume of heat insulation layer is reduced and heat loss is decreased. Thus size of the fuel reformer is reduced and thermal efficiency is improved. Time and effort for construction of the heat insulation layer is reduced. The maintenance of the container structure is performed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the heat insulation container structure.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    container (15)    inner and outer heat insulation layers (15a,15b)    combustion gas flow path (17)    combustion air supply flow path (18)
NOVELTY - A transparent board (11) has multiple convex portions (12) formed at non-formation regions of solar battery element. The convex portions are inserted into the through-holes (14) formed at a solar cell panel (13) and are made to contact the stiffening ribs (16) of a frame (15) positioned at opposite side of the solar cell panel, when laminating the board, panel and frame.    USE - Solar cell module e.g. for crystal system solar cells, thin film type solar cell etc.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves weight reduction and cost reduction while improving reliability and lifetime using simple structure. Increases production of electricity thereby improving electric power generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a solar cell module.    transparent board (11)    convex portion (12)    solar cell panel (13)    through-holes (14)    frame (15)    stiffening rib (16)
NOVELTY - A composition for forming electrode of copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGS) group solar cell, contains molybdenum complex and organic solvent.    USE - For forming electrode of copper-indium-gallium selenium group solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A reverse side electrode of CIGS group solar cell is formed by a simple method, without using large-scale apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for formation of electrode of copper-indium-gallium-selenium group solar cell, by applying the composition on a substrate and subsequently heat processing.
NOVELTY - The ON state time ratio rate of pulse modulation of high frequency electric power used in the initial stage process of forming i-type crystalline silicon layer on substrate, is smaller than ON state time ratio rate used in the succeeding process.    USE - For manufacturing silicon thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming the i-type crystalline silicon layer on the substrate of large area, uniformly. Hence high output solar cell is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the output waveform of the high frequency electric power. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer is a laminate of zinc oxide layer and titanyl phthalocyanine layer. The zinc oxide layer is sintered film of zinc oxide microparticles.    USE - As optoelectric transducer for converting light energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has high efficiency over wide incidence wavelength range, and has high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the absorption spectrum of titanyl oxy phthalocyanine vapor deposition film processed using methanol. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A dye sensitizing-type optoelectric transducer has a semiconductor layer electrode having a dye, a counter electrode, and an electrolytic solution, on surface. The electrolytic solution contains an amino triazine-type compound.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer shows high open circuit voltage. The solar cell utilizing the optoelectric transducer, has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and sufficient electric power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye-sensitized solar cell, which consists of the dye sensitizing-type optoelectric transducer having semiconductor layer electrode, counter electrode and electrolytic solution which are arranged sequentially and wired. The solar cell has a terminal for electric power removal.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte composition contains saccharic acid (in wt.%) (0.1-30), organic fused-salt compound (50-99.9), iodine (0-15) and other additive (0-49.9).    USE - For electrolyte used for dye sensitizing-type optoelectric transducer (both claimed) used for solar cell used as power supply for portable information machine.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte composition has excellent ionic conductivity, and provides electrolyte with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency, short-circuit-current density and open circuit voltage. The deterioration of conductivity accompanying ionic conductivity reduction reaction is suppressed due to presence of saccharic acid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrolyte, which is obtained using electrolyte composition; and    (2) optoelectric transducer, which is formed using electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The transparent conductive liner sheet (1) has a laminated structure of a lucite sheet (2) and a transparent electroconductive thin film (3). The ratio (A,B) of thin film is 0.8-0.999 or 1.001-1.2, when density of portion other than surface vicinity of lucite sheet side of electroconductive thin film is set to A, and density of surface vicinity of thin film is set to B.    USE - For display element, such as liquid crystal display element and electroluminescent display element, and optoelectric transducer used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent conductive liner sheet has excellent adhesion with respect to base material, transparency, electroconductivity, heat resistance, handle ability, gas barrier property and flexibility, and is simply patternized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the transparent conductive liner sheet. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent conductive liner sheet (1)    lucite sheet (2)    transparent electroconductive thin film (3)    inorganic compound thin film (4)
NOVELTY - A normal temperature fused salt comprises a fluorine-containing cyclic ammonium cation component.    USE - For electrolyte liquid of electrical-storage devices, lithium secondary battery, electrical-double layer capacitor and dye-sensitized solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The normal temperature fused salt has high electric conductivity and stability at low temperature less than room temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A normal temperature fused salt comprises a fluorine-containing cyclic ammonium cation component of formula (1).    R1, R2 = H, 1-10C alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic group, aryl or alkoxyalkyl.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrolyte of electrical-storage devices comprising electrolyte liquid and the normal temperature fused salt;    (2) lithium secondary battery comprising the normal temperature fused salt;    (3) electrical-double-layer capacitor comprising the normal temperature fused salt;    (4) dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the normal temperature fused salt; and    (5) manufacture of the normal temperature fused salt, which involves carrying out anion exchange of a fluorine-containing cyclic ammonium salt with an ionic bond property compound., where the fluorine-containing cyclic ammonium salt is obtained by reacting fluorine-containing cyclic amine produced by fluorinating cyclic amine having hydroxyl group, with a halide.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises: two electrodes (110), each comprising electrode top and bottom surfaces (112, 114), electrode thickness, and electrode aperture (135); two conductive layers (116) disposed on portions of respective electrode top and bottom surfaces and respective electrode aperture surface; and proton exchange membrane in electrical contact with and disposed between the two conductive layers.    USE - For use with electronic products.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell can be manufactured in a low-cost and efficient manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises: two electrodes, each comprising electrode top and bottom surfaces, electrode thickness defined by respective distance between respective electrode top and bottom surfaces, and electrode aperture through respective electrode thickness defined by respective electrode aperture surface; two conductive layers disposed on portions of respective electrode top and bottom surfaces and respective electrode aperture surface; and proton exchange membrane in electrical contact with and disposed between the two conductive layers. The first electrode aperture is at least partially aligned with the second electrode aperture.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming a fuel cell, comprising: forming two apertures defined by respective aperture surface through respective electrode layer; and laminating a proton exchange membrane between the two electrode layers where the first aperture is at least partially aligned with the second aperture, forming a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures are cross-sectional schematic views of micro fuel cell.    Electrodes (110)    Top and bottom surfaces (112, 114)    Conductive layers (116)    Aperture (135)
NOVELTY - The plate-shaped silica porous component has length of 5-50 microns, width of 1-20 microns, thickness of 0.05-0.5 microns, aspect ratio of length to thickness of 70-300, average pore diameter of 1-20 nm, total pore volume of 0.1-1.5 ml/g, and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) specific surface area of 200-500 m2/g. The component has peak of diffraction angle (2theta), which does not exist in 21degrees and 26.5degrees in X-ray diffraction spectrum.    USE - As catalyst support, adsorption agent, deodorant, filter aid, light-diffusion sheet, inkjet recording sheet, for producing cosmetics, toner, photosensitive material, pigment, substrate for solar cells, liquid crystal display, dye thermal transfer sheet, heat-resistant resin, ultraviolet ray shielding agent, gas sensing element and filler.    ADVANTAGE - The plate-shaped silica porous component has excellent adsorbing performance, without clogging filter medium in solid-liquid separation process after used as filter aid. The component has filtration characteristics equivalent to the conventional filter aid, and protein absorption capacity equivalent to silica gel. The component has oil absorption amount more than mica.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of plate-shaped silica porous component.
NOVELTY - Electrically conductive fluid distribution element comprises a metal substrate deposited with a physical vapor noble metal coating (94). The coating has a thickness of 10-20 nm.    USE - For use in fuel cell of electric vehicles and other applications.    ADVANTAGE - The distribution element is manufactured easily and inexpensively. It is corrosion resistant, and has a high degree of conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising: the inventive electrically conductive fluid distribution element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a magnified portion of the bipolar plate.    Metal sheet (58,60,62)    Working face (59)    Grooves (66,86)    Channels (78)    Ridges (80)    Binder (85)    Coating (94)
NOVELTY - A solar cell assembly (18, 22) comprises a photovoltaic conversion layer configured to produce an electrical current when receiving photons on a first side of the photovoltaic conversion layer; thermally conductive layer (46) thermally coupled to a second side of the conversion layer; and heat radiating layer (40) coupled to the thermally conductive layer to radiate heat energy from the photovoltaic conversion energy.    USE - For outer space environment or a non-earth environment, e.g. satellites and spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - An excess heat energy is capable of being radiated away from the solar cell assembly in order maintain a temperature of the solar cell assembly within an optimal temperature operating range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for controlling a temperature of a solar cell assembly comprising receiving photons on first side of the solar cell assembly; converting energy from a first portion of the photons into electrical energy; and radiating heat energy from second side of the solar cell assembly using a radiating layer thermally coupled to the second side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly.    Solar cell assembly (18, 22)    Solar cell (32)    Grid line (34)    Heat radiating layer (40)    Thermally conductive layer (46)
NOVELTY - The catalyst support electrode comprises electrolyte polymer, and electrode catalyst containing catalyst metal particles from platinum or its alloy, supported on electroconductive support. The electrode catalyst is a mixture comprising electrode catalyst (A) whose catalyst metal particles are supported inside the pore of support, and electrode catalyst (B) whose catalyst metal particles are not supported inside the pore of support.    USE - For membrane-electrode assembly used in fuel cell (both claimed) used as power source of moving vehicles and fixed components.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst support electrode has high catalyst activity, initial-stage cell voltage and excellent durability. The membrane-electrode assembly using the catalyst support electrode, provides fuel cell with minimum reduction of battery characteristics over long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) membrane-electrode assembly; and    (2) fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the membrane-electrode assembly using the electrode catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A magnetic metal (9) for the carbon nanotube growth is provided in the edge portion of the carbon nanotube (5), to couple to the outer surface of the magnetic substance particle (3) in magnetization.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed), for supporting metal catalyst, and also for suction of various substance of gas such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, methane, organic matter such as alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, complex such as metal phthalocyanine, birth related substances such as polluted water, organic impurities, DNA.    ADVANTAGE - The bond strength between the carbon nanotube and the magnetic substance particle, is increased by coupling the them in magnetization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) carbon nanotube catalyst support; and fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the carbon nanotube catalyst support.    carbon nanotube catalyst support (1)    magnetic substance particle (3)    carbon nanotube (5)    magnetic metal (9)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell cooling system (1) has fuel cell main component (2), heat exchanger (4), and a circulatory system (3) having circulation path for circulating coolant. The inner surface of heat exchanger and circulation path is coated using agent containing a resin component and a solvent component having ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether. The resin component contains bisphenol A epoxy resin material and xylene/phenol resin material.    USE - For cooling coolant circulating through interior of fuel cell used for power supply of electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell cooling system prevents the raise of electrical conductivity of coolant, and corrosion of aluminum material used for forming heat exchanger is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell cooling system (1) has fuel cell main component (2), a heat exchanger (4) for cooling coolant passing through component (2), and a circulatory system (3) having circulation path for circulating coolant. The circulatory system has circulation pump provided between component (2) and heat exchanger. The coolant is pure water, or mixed solution of pure water and glycol. The inner surface of heat exchanger and circulation path is coated using a coating agent containing a resin component and a solvent component. The resin component contains bisphenol A epoxy resin material and xylene/phenol resin material in the ratio of 1:0.2-1:1.2. The solvent component contains ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether as main component.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for coating agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of fuel cell cooling system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell cooling system (1)    fuel cell main component (2)    circulatory system (3)    heat exchanger (4)    cooling fin (11)    core (12)    header tank (14)
NOVELTY - The solar cell includes an electroconductive protective film (6) comprising silver, zinc oxide, formed on reverse-side electrode film (50) which is sequentially formed along with photoelectric conversion film (3) and transparent electroconductive film (2) on a substrate (1). The protective film has sulfided prevention and anti-oxidation property.    USE - For outdoor use.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the formation of the electroconductive protective film, the reverse-side electrode film is prevented from corrosion by sulfuration, oxidation etc. Also, eliminates the waste of energy of formation of a resist film for protection of reverse side electrode film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of thin-film solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the thin film solar cell.    glass substrate (1)    transparent electroconductive film (2)    photoelectric conversion film (3)    transparent electrode layer (4)    protective film (6)    reverse side electrode film (50)
NOVELTY - An airtight container accommodates an optoelectric transducer (2) and has a transparent portion (11) having an ultra violet ray shielding portion (111). A nitrogen gas and an inert gas are filled inside the airtight container. A moisture adsorbent e.g. activated carbon is also sealed in the transducer.    USE - For dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC)    ADVANTAGE - Improves durability by suppressing ultra violet ray deterioration of optoelectric transducer by providing ultra violet ray shielding portion and preventing degradation of optoelectric transducer due to oxidation and moisture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model cross sectional view of the solar cell structure.    optoelectric transducer (2)    deoxidation material (3)    external extraction electrode (4)    transparent portion (11)    solar cell structure (101)    ultra violet ray shielding portion (111)
NOVELTY - The method involves supplying the fuel cell with at least one first medium containing at least one fuel, supplying the fuel cell with at least one second medium at least partly containing ambient air and influencing at least one thermodynamic property of at least one medium prior to supplying it to the fuel cell so that its value lies within a definable range.    USE - For operating an energy converter, especially a fuel cell, with at least one first electrode and a second electrode.    ADVANTAGE - The chromium evaporation rate in the solid oxide fuel cell, and preferably in the surrounding components, such as heat exchangers, is reduced in an inexpensive manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for operating at least one energy converter, especially a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram representation of an energy converter and associated components    energy converter (2)    anode (4)    cathode (5)    reformer (6)    anode gas afterburner (8)
NOVELTY - The method involves monitoring a saturation level of a reactor shift bed catalyst in a reformer (100), and detecting that the reactor shift bed catalyst has entered a saturated state. The reactor shift bed catalyst is regenerated in response to detection of the saturated state. A condition is sensed within the reaction shift bed catalyst, and a composition of an output is monitored from the reaction shift bed catalyst.    USE - Used for regenerating a reactor shift bed catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The method carefully controls temperature across the reactor shift bed catalyst during the regeneration, and provides automated monitoring under programmed control without human intervention.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a program storage medium encoded with an instruction that performs a method for regenerating a reactor shift bed catalyst    (B) a computing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an autothermal reformer.    Autothermal reformer (100)    Shift bed (106)    Reformer shift bed (112)    Autothermal reforming (ATR) (114)    Catalyst (115)
NOVELTY - The system has a hydrogen occlusion alloy (30) arranged near the gas flow path (18) formed at the surface of a separator (16) that touches an anode (10). An electronic control unit (ECU) (40) controls a heating/cooling device (32) that heats or cools the alloy to discharge or occlude hydrogen contained in the gas flowing through the path.    USE - Fuel cell system consisting of fuel cell such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate type fuel cell (MCFC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - The electric power generation capability of the fuel cell system is improved since the occlusion and discharge of hydrogen are performed reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode (10)    Separator (16)    Gas flow path (18)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy (30)    Heating/cooling device (32)    Electronic control unit (40)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a permeable film (3) interposed between a fuel electrode (53) and an oxidizing agent electrode (41), a flow path portion (42), a flow through portion (55) and a permeation hole (54) provided at thickness direction of fuel electrode. The portion (42) allows flowing fuel between fuel electrode and permeable film. The portion (55) allows flowing fuel at reverse side of permeable film side of fuel electrode.    USE - As power supply source.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved electrical property and reduced grade of depression of output voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell has a permeable film (3) interposed between a fuel electrode (53) and an oxidizing agent electrode (41), a flow path portion (42), a flow through portion (55) and a permeation hole (54) provided at thickness direction of fuel electrode. The fuel cell uses an aqueous alkali solution of metal hydrogen complex as fuel. The portion (42) allows flowing fuel between fuel electrode and permeable film. The portion (55) allows flowing fuel at reverse side of permeable film side of fuel electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline section of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Permeable film (3)    Oxidizing agent electrode (41)    Flow path portion (42)    Fuel electrode (53)    Permeation hole (54)    Flow through portion (55)
NOVELTY - A flowmeter (6) measures flow rate of fuel (52) fed to a modifier (1) whose temperature is measured by thermometer (9). The decrease/increase in opening of a valve (5) controlling flow rate of fed fuel, is performed based on measured temperature and set modifier temperature and measured flow rate and set fuel flow rate, when flowmeter is operated in preset area at vicinity of a lower limit of flow-rate measurement.    USE - Fuel control system used to control fuel supplied to modifier used to modify fuel to hydrogen-rich gas for use in fuel cell used for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The valve operation is controlled appropriately even in the unstable area of measurement of the flowmeter, hence the modifier is operated continuously and stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel control method of modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel control system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (1)    valve (5)    flowmeter (6)    thermometer (9)    fuel (52)
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer (1) has a modifier (3) which generates reformed fuel gas by vaporizing fuel with evaporator (2). A reactor (4) which generates reformed fuel gas by reacting eitht fuel in liquid state, is held at front portion of reformer. The modifier is held at rear portion of reformer.    USE - For generating reformed fuel gas containing hydrogen supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The starting time and load fluctuation response time of the fuel reformer is shortened by generating gas directly from the fuel in liquid state. Modification efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel reformer (1)    evaporator (2)    modifier (3)    reactor (4)    fuel tank (5)
NOVELTY - The container has a feed pipe (5a) supplying fuel to fuel modifier (8) and a discharge pipe (5b) ejecting the reformed gas from discharge port of fuel modifier, which are inserted into a through-hole formed at a base (1) and are joined with a sealing agent (9).    USE - Container for accommodating fuel modifier used in fuel cell system for portable apparatus such as mobile telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), notebook personal computer, and digital cam corder.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses the conduction of heat generated in the fuel modifier to the base, and the increase of surface temperature of container. Thereby, providing a stable and safe fuel reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the container for fuel modifier.    base (1)    feed pipe (5a)    discharge pipe (5b)    fuel modifier (8)    sealing agent (9)
NOVELTY - The container (10) has substrate (1) with concave portion to accommodate fuel modifier (8) on metal spring (9), and cover (4) to cover the upper surface of the concave portion. A supply path (5a) to supply fuel to the fuel modifier, and exhaust passage (5b) to eject reformed gas. A wiring (2) to supply electric power to the fuel modifier.    USE - For accommodation of fuel modifier of fuel reformer (claimed), in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since the fuel modifier is not directly mounted on substrate, the conduction of large quantity of heat from modifier to the substrate is prevented. Hence provides the compact and safe fuel modifier container with less electric-power generation loss.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the container for fuel modifier.    substrate (1)    wiring (2)    cover (4)    supply path (5a)    exhaust passage (5b)    fuel modifier (8)    metal spring (9)    container (10)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen-containing gas production catalyst contains a modification catalyst and a shift catalyst. The modification catalyst generates hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon in the presence of water and/or oxygen. The shift catalyst generates hydrogen by making carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas react with water.    USE - For producing hydrogen-containing gas (claimed) used for fuel cells, motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen-production catalyst has hydrogen-production efficiency even at low temperature. The catalyst is manufactured easily and provides hydrogen-production apparatus with excellent initiating property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modification catalyst contains rhodium. The shift catalyst contains platinum.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the lamination of modification catalyst (lower layer) and shift catalyst (upper layer) to the honeycomb catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen recycling apparatus (6) has purge flow path (11) in which hydrogen gas purged from anode side of fuel cell (4) flows, and recovery tank (62) provided at the path (11). Tank (62) is incorporated with hydrogen occlusion alloy (62a) for occluding hydrogen gas, and water adsorption agent (62b) for adsorbing moisture content of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas, which carried out occlusion to alloy (62a), is supplied to cell (4).    USE - For recycling hydrogen (claimed) purged from fuel cell used as power source for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen recycling apparatus has excellent hydrogen storage efficiency by preventing adhesion of water to hydrogen occlusion alloy. Electrical energy required during recycling of hydrogen gas is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen recycling method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of fuel cell system having the hydrogen recycle apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (4)    hydrogen recycling apparatus (6)    purge flow path (11)    recovery tank (62)    hydrogen occlusion alloy (62a)    water adsorption agent (62b)
NOVELTY - A vapor liquid separator (3) separates water content from hydrogen generated by hydrogen generator (2) and recovers the hydrogen. A decompressor (4) decompresses the water content. A vapor liquid separator (5) separates the dissolved hydrogen from water content obtained from decompressor and recovers the hydrogen.    USE - For generating hydrogen used in e.g. fuel cells mounted on motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy recovery of the dissolved hydrogen from water content separated from generated high pressure hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the high pressure water generator.    hydrogen generator (2)    vapor liquid separators (3,5)    decompressor (4)    pipes (6-8,9a,9b,10)
NOVELTY - A salt or a complex of platinum and ruthenium are dissolved in an organic solvent. Carbon powder is dispersed in the obtained solution. The solution is heated and refluxed in an inert atmosphere. The refluxed solution is filtered, to obtain a platinum-ruthenium carrying carbon powder. The powder is heat-processed at 300-500degreesC in an inert atmosphere, to obtain a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst.    USE - Used for the production of a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst used for a methanol pole of a direct methanol fuel cell (both claimed) and a hydrogen fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - A platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst with good methanol oxidation activity is obtained efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst; and    (2) a methanol fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows a characteristic view of the methanol oxidation activity of platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A coating liquid containing titanium oxide microparticles, and hydrolysable titanium compound (1) and/or its hydrolyzed substance, is applied on a precursor film of transparent electroconductive film or semiconductor electrode film, to form a semiconductor-electrode film. Thus, dye sensitized solar cell (1) is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing dye sensitized solar cell such as silicon group solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method steadily provides dye sensitized solar cell having improved photoelectric conversion efficiency, by using porous semiconductor electrode film having improved electroconduction characteristics. Bonding strength between titanium oxide particles and titanium compound is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A coating liquid containing titanium oxide microparticles, and a hydrolysable titanium compound and/or its hydrolyzed substance, is applied on a precursor film of transparent electroconductive film or semiconductor electrode film, to form a semiconductor-electrode film. Thus, dye sensitized solar cell (1) is manufactured. The hydrolysable titanium compound is of formula (1):    TiCl(4-X)(OR)X, where    X is 0-4; and,    R is 1-10C alkyl or alkoxy alkyl group.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional diagram of dye sensitized solar cell.    dye sensitized solar cell (1)    anode (2)    cathode (3)    electrolyte (4)    sealing material (5)
NOVELTY - The module includes working electrodes (5.1-5.3) and counter electrodes (9.1-9.3) which are arranged mutually opposing each other such that the working electrode of one optoelectric transducer and counter electrode of adjacent optoelectric transducer are connected through respective electroconductive sheets (12.1-12.4) formed with through hole.    USE - Optoelectric transducer module.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical connection between counter electrodes and working electrodes can be established easily and reliably so conversion efficiency of transducer is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the optoelectric transducer module.    Optoelectric transducer module (1)    Optoelectric transducers (2.1-2.3)    Working electrodes (5.1-5.3)    Counter electrodes (9.1-9.3)    Electroconductive sheets (12.1-12.4)
NOVELTY - A container (2) containing mixture of slag (5) and silicon (3) are inclined to pour the mixture into a tundish (7) in which oxides (6) are scattered. The slag is adhered to oxides, and only silicon is ejected to a casting mold (9) arranged at the exit side of tundish.    USE - For separating slag from silicon during manufacturing high purity silicon for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Slag and silicon are efficiently separated without degrading the purity degree of silicon at the time of refinement.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of slag separation process.    container (2)    silicon (3)    slag (5)    oxide (6)    tundish (7)    casting mold (9)
NOVELTY - The coating liquid (2a,2b) comprising polyethylene dioxythiophene and polystyrene sulfonic acid is applied to a substrate at predetermined direction by spin coat method. The application of the coating liquid is repeated until film (5) of predetermined thickness is formed when coating non-uniformity (4) is detected.    USE - Forming thin film of titanium oxide on substrate for manufacturing laminated electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming titanium oxide film with uniform thickness easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of laminated electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the coating method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Coating liquid (2a,2b)    Lump (3)    Coating non-uniformity (4)    Coating film (5)
NOVELTY - To handle powder granules, of a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 compound, they are placed in a vessel with a volume of sulfur to be heated to bring the powder compound to 400-600degreesC and the sulfur to 100degreesC, and the raised temperature is maintained for a time span of 1-50 hours.    USE - The powder granules are for use in the production of mono-grain membranes for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The treatment gives membranes for solar cells with an increased efficiency as the grains have improved photovoltaic characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a graph of the chemical composition of the powder granules.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane; a fuel supplying unit connected with the anode by a fuel supplying line for supplying hydrogen-including fuel to the anode; an air supplying unit connected with the cathode by an air supplying line for supplying oxygen-including air to the cathode; and a heating unit for heating fuel supplied to the fuel cell stack into a proper temperature.    USE - As a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive system is capable of enhancing a performance of a fuel cell by accelerating a reaction speed of the fuel cell. It requires no power source for driving the heating unit by heating fuel and air using hydrogen generated from the fuel cell stack. It requires no heating unit for increasing temperature of the fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (6) including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane disposed in between the anode and the cathode; a fuel supplying unit connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack by a fuel supplying line (14) for supplying hydrogen-including fuel to the anode; an air supplying unit (10) connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack by an air supplying line (18) for supplying oxygen-including air to the cathode of the fuel cell stack; and a heating unit (12) for heating fuel supplied to the fuel cell stack into a proper temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a construction view of a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (6)    Air supplying unit (10)    Heating unit (12)    Fuel supplying line (14)    Air supplying line (18)    Fuel recycling line (28)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric cell has a semiconductor electrode having an oxide semiconductor layer containing secondary particles (12), which are an aggregate of primary particles (11) of metal oxide. The average particle diameter of the primary particles are 1-50 nm and that of the secondary particles is 100 nm to 10 microns. The photoelectric cell produces an electromotive force by irradiating the semiconductor electrode with light having a preset wavelength.    USE - Used for a sensor, switch or dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric cell exhibits good photoelectric transfer capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photoelectric cell has a semiconductor electrode, an electrolyte and a counter electrode. The semiconductor electrode has an oxide semiconductor layer (L) having photocatalytic activity. The oxide semiconductor layer (L) contains secondary particles (12), which are an aggregate of primary particles (11) of metal oxide. The average particle diameters of the primary and secondary particles are 1-50 nm and 100 nm to 10 microns, respectively. The photoelectric cell produces electromotive force by irradiating the semiconductor electrode with light having the same wavelength as the average particle diameter of the secondary particles.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an electromotive method;    (2) a semiconductor electrode; and    (3) the manufacture of a semiconductor electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of oxide semiconductor nano structure.    primary particle (11)    secondary particle (12)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas and an organic compound in gaseous state are contacted, and hydrogen is taken-in in the solid-like substance obtained by cooling.    USE - For storing hydrogen useful as fuel for fuel cells used as power source for motor vehicles, domestic on-site electric-power generation, and direct current power-supply installations.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables lightweight, stable and efficient storage of hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure. The stored hydrogen can be removed easily. The need for a pressure container and a low-temperature container is eliminated. The host compound after discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen clathrate compound has selective inclusion ability of hydrogen, and hence is effectively re-usable.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas is manufactured from raw material using modification reaction by modifier (11). The produced hydrogen gas of modifier downstream is stored in storage unit (1). The supply of hydrogen gas through modifier reaction tube is stopped in closed condition and is released from the storage unit in open condition.    USE - For operating hydrogen gas production apparatus (claimed) in fuel cell system (claimed), hydrogen station. Also for supplying hydrogen gas to motor vehicle, fixed electric power generation system, cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses the degradation of hydrogen gas production apparatus by oxidation of the catalyst without performing purge operation during the stop of fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) hydrogen gas production apparatus;    (2) operating method of fuel cell system; and    (3) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen gas production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    storage unit (1)    modifier (11)    shift reaction device (12)    selective oxidation reactor (13)    production gas exit (14)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas is manufactured from raw material using modification reaction by modifier (11). The oxygen content in the produced hydrogen gas is absorbed by oxygen absorber (1) during the production of the hydrogen gas. When the production of the hydrogen gas is stopped the absorbed oxygen is released back to the modifier.    USE - For operating hydrogen gas production apparatus (claimed) in fuel cell system (claimed), hydrogen station. Also for supplying hydrogen gas to motor vehicle, fixed electric power generation system, cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses the degradation of hydrogen gas production apparatus by oxidation of the catalyst without performing purge operation during the stop of fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) hydrogen gas production apparatus;    (2) operating method of fuel cell system; and    (3) fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the hydrogen gas production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    oxygen absorber (1)    modifier (11)    shift reaction device (12)    selective oxidation reactor (13)    production gas exit (14)
NOVELTY - The modification catalyst has a honey-comb monolithic shape and produces hydrogen-containing reformed gas using hydrocarbon, molecular oxygen and water as a raw material. The porosity of catalyst increases from raw material inlet towards reformed gas outlet.    USE - For producing hydrogen-containing reformed gas used for modification-reaction apparatus of fuel cell, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell used as power supply for motor vehicles and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The modification catalyst has improved hydrogen formation rate. The optical velocity of catalyst is maintained by varying porosity, and side reaction such as methanation is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the modification catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An electrode catalyst comprises catalyst metal microparticles supported on the inner and outer surfaces of a hollow electroconductive support.    USE - Used for the production of a catalyst and MEA for fuel cells (both claimed) used as a power supply for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode catalyst provides a small fuel cell and an MEA with improved mass activity. The contact surface of the microparticles and electroconductive support is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The noble metals are platinum, palladium, rhodium, osmium, ruthenium and iridium. The base metals in the electrode catalyst are vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and/or zinc.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a catalyst;    (2) a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for fuel cells;    (3) a fuel cell;    (4) the production of an electrode catalyst; and    (5) the production of a catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an electrode catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Fine particle (50) containing metallic elements which consists of metal, metal oxide, metal salt or metal organic salt is set as raw material. The metallic elements are bonded to fine particle by compressive force and shear force under dried condition. Alternately, the metallic element is bonded to the fine particle through oxygen element, nitrogen element and/or carbon element, to produce synthetic fine particle.    USE - For manufacture of synthetic fine particle used as interconnector material of fuel cell and as electromagnetic material, such as magnetic head material used in air-pole material and giant magnetoresistance of solid acid compound-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - High quality synthetic fine particle is produced efficiently, without performing adjuvant addition and high temperature sintering.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fine particle (50) containing two or more types of metallic elements which consists of a metal, metal oxide, metal salt or metal organic salt is set as a raw material. The metallic elements contained in the fine particle are bonded to the fine particle by compressive force and shear force under dried condition. Alternately, the metallic element is bonded to the fine particle through element(s) of oxygen element, nitrogen element and carbon element, to produce synthetic fine particle of single phase containing metallic elements.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline elevation of fine particle processing apparatus used for performing synthetic fine particle manufacturing method.    container (3)    deposition surface (3a)    press head (5)    processing surface (5a)    fine particle (50)
NOVELTY - The volume of crystal grain of crystalline silicon film on substrate oriented in direction inclined to angle 15degrees or more from direction (110), becomes below half of volume of crystal grain in direction (110), when volume distribution related to orientation direction with respect to substrate is taken. The grain boundary with small bond density is calculated from surface orientations of crystal grain.    USE - Solar cell for converting sunlight into electric power.    ADVANTAGE - Enables improving the photo transfer characteristic of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph showing the relation between the incidence angle and diffraction strength with respect to the silicon films in solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Electrode paste is extruded through a slit mask (2) with slit holes having specific shape that corresponds to the desired electrode pattern for the solar cell (100). The thickness of the slit mask is 5 mm and the cylinder which holds the electrode paste for extrusion has a height of 5 cm.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell for solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to control the width of sub-electrode of solar cell and hence photoelectric conversion efficiency can be increased. Enables to manufacture high efficiency solar cell and hence area reduction and cost reduction of solar energy power generation system, are achieved. Eliminates disconnection between the sub-electrodes of solar cell and increases the production line efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of electrode forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    cylinder (1)    slit mask (2)    control apparatus (5)    paste reservoir (11)    solar cells (100)
NOVELTY - Silver electrode film and anti-reflective film are formed on impurity layer (2) of silicon wafer (1), while forming other silver film and aluminum electrode layer at back side of wafer. The anti-reflective film and silver layers are removed by hydrofluoric acid processing, while removing aluminum layer using hydrochloric acid processing. The impurity layer is removed by liquid-mixture processing/sodium hydroxide processing.    USE - For regenerating silicon wafer for solar cell of solar cell module used in solar energy power generation system installed at home.    ADVANTAGE - Enables cost reduction and effective usage of resources by reliable regeneration of the silicon wafer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) formation of photovoltaic cell; and    (b) preparation of silicon ingot.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views showing the regeneration process.    silicon wafer (1)    impurity layer (2)    aluminum electrode layer (6)    base surface field layer (7)
NOVELTY - A thin film (4) containing an organic semiconductor is formed on a substrate (2). Force is applied to thin film along surface direction, and film is compressed. Thus, laminate (1) is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing laminate used for manufacturing organic field effect transistor (claimed), and for organic solar cell and organic electroluminescent display.    ADVANTAGE - The organic semiconductor thin film having high carrier mobility is efficiently formed. The density of particle contained in polycrystal of organic semiconductor is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of organic field effect transistor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a process drawing illustrating the manufacture of laminate.    laminate (1)    substrate (2)    organic thin film (4)
NOVELTY - Tin oxide film with a thickness of 500-1000 nm is formed on a glass substrate by thermal decomposition method, using tin tetrachloride as raw material. The obtained tin oxide film is heat-processed at 300-650degreesC in non-oxidizing atmosphere, and glass substrate with tin oxide film is obtained.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - High reliable glass substrate with tin oxide film, without reduction of permeability and electroconductivity, by simple method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-oxidizing atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere.
NOVELTY - To produce a powder as a Cu(In, Ga)Se2 compound, for use in mono-grain membranes for solar cells, CuIn and/or CuGa alloys are prepared from Cu and/or Ga, with a hypostoichiometric Cu content. The alloys are broken down into a powder, to which is added KI or NaI. The mixture is heated to a molten state where the compound recrystalizes with a simultaneous growth of powder grains, and the molten material is cooled to interrupt the grain growth.    USE - The technique is for the production of a monocrystal Cu(In,Ga)Se2 powder for mono-grain membranes in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process gives membranes for solar cells with an increased efficiency as the grains have improved photovoltaic characteristics.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a membrane electrode assembly having an electrolyte film, a hydrogen electrode side catalyst layer at one side of electrolyte film, and an air electrode side catalyst layer at other side of electrolyte film. The porosity of the hydrogen electrode side catalyst layer is less than the porosity of the air electrode side catalyst layer.    USE - Used for e.g. a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of hydrogen transmitted from the hydrogen electrode side catalyst layer to the air electrode side catalyst layer via the electrode membrane is reduced, such that direct combustion reaction of hydrogen at the air electrode side catalyst layer is suppressed, and hence durability of the fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen electrode side catalyst layer is formed using catalyst ink.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the porosity distribution of a catalyst layer of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A fuel implanting and storing apparatus comprises a nanostructured material; and an energy imparting device for imparting energy to a chemical element, species, or composition, and adapted to direct an ejected chemical element, species, or composition toward the nanostructured material.    USE - The invention is used for implanting and storing fuel, e.g. hydrogen, argon, and krypton, for materials additive manufacturing and for use in a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has improved storage capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of implanting particles of a chemical element, species or composition in a nanostructured material, comprising:    (1) directing particles of a chemical element, species or composition at a nanotube matrix at constant or varying levels of energy;    (2) causing the particles to impact the nanotube matrix; and    (3) capturing, either internally or externally, the particles on and below the surface of the nanotube matrix.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plot of optical emission of implanted buckypearls.
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic device (100) comprises a first electrode layer (108), a second electrode layer (110), and a photoactive layer (102) disposed between the first and second electrode layers. The photoactive layer is disposed in electrical contact with the first electrode and second electrode. It comprises a first population of nanostructures (104), and a conductive polymer (106) whose charge carrying properties have been altered by controlled partial oxidation of the polymer and/or a small molecule.    USE - For use in solar energy conversion.    ADVANTAGE - The device has increased energy conversion efficiency, decreased manufacturing costs, greater flexibility and/or reasonable durability and/or longevity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a composition comprising a first population of nanostructures and a small molecule, each nanostructure of the first population having elongated section oriented predominantly normal to first plane; and    (b) a film formed from the composition, where the first plane is parallel to a surface of the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration of a cross-sectional view of a simplified photovoltaic device.    Photovoltaic device (100)    Photoactive layer (102)    Nanostructures (104)    Conductive polymer (106)    First electrode layer (108)    Second electrode layer (110)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material comprises hydrogenated carbonaceous material obtained by hydrogenation of carbonaceous material with or without cleavage of a covalent bond, and a metal hydride.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material suppresses generation of hydrocarbon during hydrogen desorption. Hydrogen of high purity is manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen storage material by mixing hydrogenated carbonaceous material, and a metal hydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows flowchart showing manufacturing process of hydrogen storage material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The micro reactor has a gasket (4) arranged between adjacent flat plates (1-3,21-23) comprising reaction fluid inlet and outlet so that micro spaces (20,24-26) of height 10-1500 microns is defined between the flat plates. The ratio of the depth and height of each micro space lies is in the range of 20-1000.    USE - Micro reactor for production of hydrogen from methanol (claimed). Useful for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the reaction volume freely and conveniently by defining appropriate micro space between the flat plates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for synthesis method of micro reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the micro reactor.    flat plates (1-3,21-23)    gasket (4)    micro spaces (20,24-26)
NOVELTY - A metal layer (7) made of element such as silicon, germanium and tin, is grown on nitride semiconductor layer. Another nitride semiconductor layer with less amount of n-type dopant, is formed on the metal layer.    USE - For manufacture of nitride semiconductor element (claimed) e.g. indium gallium nitride semiconductor element, used in LED used for full-color LED display and traffic light, laser diode, solar cell and photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a semiconductor element with excellent efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) nitride semiconductor element; and    (2) nitride semiconductor element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the laser element.    sapphire substrate (1)    metal layer (7)    active layer (8)    p-type cap layer (9)    p-type light guide layer (10)
NOVELTY - An electric-field layer is formed on light receiving surface at reverse of p-type silicon substrate (21), by baking aluminum paste provided at reverse side of substrate at 55degreesC or more.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell (claimed) for use at home.    ADVANTAGE - Diffusion of small carrier of silicon substrate is improved, hence enables formation of high quality solar cell at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional model of the firing furnace for high speed heat processing.    silicon substrate (21)    chamber (22)    door (23)    halogen lamp (24)    dummy silicon substrate (25)    infrared radiation thermometer (26)
NOVELTY - Several compound-semiconductor layers (20,30,40) are laminated sequentially on a substrate (10). A protective film (50) is formed on the layer (40) to protect the layer from a mesa etching liquid. The compound-semiconductor layers are cut to produce a compound-semiconductor solar battery element of preset shape. The mesa etching of the compound-semiconductor layers is performed using a mesa etching liquid, after cutting.    USE - For manufacturing compound-semiconductor solar cell element, using mesa etching.    ADVANTAGE - The compound semiconductor layers are etched collectively using the same etchant, hence immersion frequency of the layers to the etchant is reduced and patterning operations are reduced, so that battery element with desired characteristics, is manufactured simply with high yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining compound-semiconductor solar battery element manufacturing process.    substrate (10)    compound-semiconductor layers (20,30,40)    protective film (50)
NOVELTY - A laser pulse beam is irradiated on transparent substrate with grooves (6-8), to acquire image of the grooves. The image is processed and the groove characteristic including shape of the groove, is extracted. The processing state of each groove is determined based on the extracted groove characteristic.    USE - For inspecting processing state of grooves in photovoltaic panel in production line of photovoltaic apparatus e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to inspect complicated grooves, precisely and rapidly, thereby improving reliability of photovoltaic panel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processing inspection apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of photovoltaic panel.    photovoltaic panel (1)    grooves (6-8)
NOVELTY - Silicon-semiconductor material (14) provided in a casting-mold (1) are heated by an induction coil (6) and a heat generator (7) from upper portion to the lower portion. The melted casting mold is solidified from the lower portion to the upper portion by supplying cooling water to a base (4) from a cooling trough (12).    USE - Used for solar cell material e.g. polycrystal silicon ingot.    ADVANTAGE - Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency. Prevents crystal growth in the side wall surface of polycrystal semiconductor ingot. Improves optical characteristics and electrical property of semiconductor ingot. Reduces cost of polycrystal semiconductor ingot.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) manufacturing apparatus of polycrystal semiconductor ingot; and    (b) manufacturing method of polycrystal semiconductor ingot.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of manufacturing apparatus of polycrystal silicon-ingot. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    casting-mold (1)    base (4)    induction coil (6)    heat generator (7)    cooling trough (12)    silicon-semiconductor material (14)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (2) and electrical energy storage device(s) (7) electrically connectible with and/or disconnectable from the fuel cell stack by electronic switching element(s) (8). The fuel cell stack is cooled using a cooling circuit (3). The switching element(s) is in thermally conductive contact with the cooling circuit.    USE - Useful in providing continuous power supply to electrical load (9).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has an electronic switch that allows a switched current flow to be drawn from the fuel cell, and can cope with extremely high current surges. It has a design that optimizes the usability of electronic switches in fuel cell systems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (2)    Cooling circuit (3)    Cooling heat exchanger (4, 6)    Pumping device (5)    Sensor (5a)    Electrical energy storage device (7)    Electronic switching element (8)    Electrical load (9)
NOVELTY - Reaction cell for photo-electrochemical production of hydrogen gas.    USE - The cell is used to generate hydrogen, for preparation of electricity (particularly in fuel cells), from water, using (sun)light as the external energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The new cell provides reliable and reproducible production of hydrogen, and has a particularly simple construction, suitable for mass production and long-term use with minimal maintenance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reaction cell for photo-electrochemical production of hydrogen gas comprises a housing filled with aqueous electrolyte (El); two connected electrodes (E1, E2), immersed in El, where E1 is made of a doped semiconductor and E2 is of metal or a semiconductor, doped oppositely with respect to E1; and a light source (L) for irradiating the electrodes. The new features are that (i) the faces of the two electrodes are in contact with each other; (ii) the electrode pair divides the cell into two compartments, connected to each other through ionic conduction; and (iii) the housing has at least one opening for release of gas. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included a device for converting light energy to electrical energy that includes the new cell.
NOVELTY - Component comprises an electrically insulating layer containing aluminum oxide arranged on a base body. The insulating layer is produced by anodizing an aluminum-containing layer arranged on the base body.    USE - For a fuel cell unit.    ADVANTAGE - The component has high mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a component for a fuel cell unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows view of a fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell units (102)    Housing (106)    Housing upper part (110)    Opening (122)    Cathode-electrolyte-anode unit (126)
NOVELTY - Production of contacts for solar cells applying a passifying layer (3, 6) over metal contact strips (2) applied to a semiconductor substrate (1). This is partially removed in the zones over the contacts. A second metal coating (7) is then applied.    USE - Production of contacts for solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of a contact.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Metal contact strip (2)    Passifying layer (3, 6)    Second metal coating (7)
NOVELTY - An integrated catalyst for preparing H2 from methanol by reformation is composed of a cellular ceramic carrier, an internal coated layer, and an external coated active component and cocatalyst coating.    USE - For hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The heat absorbing and heat releasing reactions take place on the same catalyst bed layer, resulting in high dynamic response.
NOVELTY - The invention microbe fuel cell consists of box, separating plate dividing the box to positive pole cavity and negative pole cavity, there is a hole on the separating plate, hydrogen selecting film is fit on the hole. In positive pole cavity, there is solution compounded by amylaceum, sodium dithydrogen phosphate and methylene blue, a sealing lid is covered on the positive pole cavity, a positive pole graphite rod is fit on the sealing lid, one end of the positive pole graphite rod with honeycomb small holes rod is soaked in the solution in positive pole cavity, beer saccharomycetes and the substratum are in the honeycomb small holes. In negative pole cavity, there is solution compounded by potassium ferricyanide and fumaric and ferrous, an end lid is covered on the negative pole cavity, a negative pole graphite rod is fit on the end lid, one end of the negative pole graphite rod is soaked in the solution in negative pole cavity.
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming catalyst comprises a metal substrate including a passage-forming portion which is stacked on a flat metal plate and which forms passages; and a catalytic component supported in the metal substrate.    USE - For use in a reformer which generates hydrogen-enriched gas from gasoline.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming catalyst of the invention is compact. It has high reaction rate. It restricts the clogging of the gas passages from occurring when the catalytic component is coated. It is capable of coating a large amount of the catalytic component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reforming catalyst comprises a metal substrate (1) including a passage-forming portion (3) which is stacked on a flat metal plate (2) and which forms passages (P); and a catalytic component supported in the metal substrate. The passage-forming portion has cells arrayed at a predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to a fuel gas flowing direction to form a cell group. Cell groups are provided on the passage-forming portion toward the fuel gas flowing direction. The cells (3a) adjacent to one another in the fuel gas flowing direction (G) are shifted from one another in the direction perpendicular to the fuel gas flowing direction by a predetermined distance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a substrate for use in a fuel reforming catalyst of the invention.    Substrate (1)    Flat metal plate (2)    Passage-forming portion (3)    Cells (3a)    Flowing direction (G)    Passages (P)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor composition comprises a ternary or quaternary alloy comprising a Group II element, a Group VI element, oxygen, and optionally a third element comprising magnesium.    USE - For high power conversion efficiency solar cells or photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The invention improves the efficiency of solar cells (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor composition comprises a ternary or quaternary alloy comprising a Group II element, a Group VI element, oxygen, and optionally a third element "A". The alloy has a mole fraction composition of (Group II)(1-y)(A)yOx(Group VI)(1-x), where y = 0 to less than 1, x = greater than 0 but less than 1, and A = Mg or Mn, or (Group II)(x)(A)(1-x)(S or Se)(1-y-z)(Te)(y)(O)z., where x = greater than 0 but less than 1, z = greater than 0 but less than 0.04, and y = greater than 0 but less than 0.2.    The Group II element does not comprise cadmium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows photomodulated reflectance spectra.
NOVELTY - A liquid level indicating float (3) is suspended inside a fuel case. The case is divided by partition plates (7, 8) which regulates the motion of the float in the upward and downward directions according to the concentration of fuel. The position of float in the case is detected based on which the specific gravity of fuel is computed to estimate the fuel concentration.    USE - Used for fuel cell, e.g. direct methanol type fuel cell used in various electrical equipment such as personal computers, mobile phones, notebook computers, cameras, personal digital assistants (PDA), car navigation devices and portable music players.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor ensures the accurate estimation of fuel concentration without any influence of temperature or solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel residual amount sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the sensor.    float (3)    partition plates (7,8)    wirings (16a,16b)
NOVELTY - A flow field structure comprises a molded flow field plate (56) formed of a conductive material comprising a first polymer; a molded frame disposed around the flow field plate and formed of a non-conductive material comprising a second polymer, the molded flow field plate and frame defining a unipolar flow field structure; manifolds formed in the molded frame; and a molded gasket arrangement disposed proximate a periphery of the manifolds.    USE - The invention is used for a fuel cell assembly used to convert hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electricity and heat in the process.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides for higher throughputs at reduced material and fabrication costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming a flow field structure, comprising:    (1) molding a flow field plate and manifolds in the flow field plate using a conductive material comprising a first polymer;    (2) molding a frame around the flow field plate using a non-conductive material comprising a second polymer; and    (3) molding a gasket arrangement proximate a periphery of the manifolds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a unitized cell assembly.    End plate (52, 54)    Flow field plate (56)    Anode layer (60a, 60b)    Cathode (62a)
NOVELTY - A metal oxide semiconductor thin film is produced by adhering a mixed solution (4) of an organometal (2) containing an oxygen atom and a solvent to a substrate (1); and decomposing and oxidizing the organometal by heat treatment at a predetermined temperature.    USE - For producing a metal oxide semiconductor thin film (claimed) used in semiconductor device, light emitting element, or solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides semiconductor thin film that enables inexpensive and rapid fabrication of solar cells and other semiconductor devices having multiple p-n junction layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an overview of the sol gel process.    Substrate (1)    Organometal (2)    Heater (3)    Mixed solution (4)
NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises semiconductor substrate (101) having a pn junction and microscopic depressions (102) formed in a light receiving surface; front electrode formed on the light-receiving surface of the substrate; and rear electrode formed on a rear surface of the substrate. The depressions each have a ratio of the maximum depth to the maximum diameter of 0.5-2.    USE - Used as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invented solar cell has excellent properties, e.g. photoelectric conversion efficiency, short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and maximum power and reduces the reflectivity of light incident on the light-receiving surface of the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing a solar cell, comprising: forming microscopic depressions in a light-receiving surface of a first-conductivity type semiconductor substrate; diffusing second-conductivity type impurities into the light-receiving surface having the microscopic depressions of the semiconductor substrate to form a pn junction in the substrate; and forming a front electrode (105) and a rear electrode (106) on the light-receiving surface and a rear surface of the semiconductor substrate, respectively. Each of the microscopic depressions is formed to have a ratio of the maximum depth to the maximum diameter of 0.5-2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic sectional view of a solar cell.    Substrate (101)    Depressions (102)    Film (104)    Front electrode (105)    Rear electrode (106)
NOVELTY - The burner has upper and lower passageways (10,20) formed with gas inlets (11,21) to supply oxygen-containing gas and off-gas from a hydrogen pole, respectively. A liquid-fuel nozzle (12) and an off-gas nozzle are arranged in the gas outlets of the passageways, respectively. A heating surface (13) is arranged in the upper passageway to heat the liquid flowing down from the upper passageway.    USE - Burner for modifier used in fuel cell system (claimed) used in motor vehicles and for small-scale power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The need for a space for secondary air is eliminated. Hence the cross-sectional area of the flow path is reduced and the structure of the burner is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the burner.    vaporizer (2)    upper and lower passageways (10,20)    gas inlets (11,21)    liquid-fuel nozzle (12)    heating surface (13)
NOVELTY - A modifier (2) generates hydrogen-rich reformed gas (9) by water vapor modification of a fuel such that carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich reformed gas reacts with oxygen to generate electric power. The supply rate of air to a fuel cell stack (3) and exhaust gas of a fuel electrode (4) to a carbon monoxide shift converter (20) are increased to increase output of the fuel cell stack.    USE - For starting fuel cell electric power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient starting of the electric power generation system and to increase net thermal efficiency of the electric power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (2)    Fuel cell stack (3)    Fuel electrode (4)    Hydrogen-rich reformed gas (9)    Carbon monoxide shift converter (20)
NOVELTY - A porous region (50) consisting of porous ceramic base material has a porous portion (50a) formed at the side of oxidation gas passage way (40) in separator (20) abutting the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) (12), and porous portion (50b) formed at the side of coolant gas flow path (41b) in separator.    USE - Fuel cell for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Simple structure and small sized fuel cell with excellent corrosion resistance property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the fuel cell.    MEA (12)    Gaseous diffusion layer (13,14)    Separators (20,22)    Oxidation gas passageway (40)    Coolant gas flow path (41b)
NOVELTY - A vapor-liquid separation device (64) separates anode waste gas of a fuel cell into a gas component and water. A flow path (70) guides water obtained from the separation device to an utilization equipment. The downstream-side portion of the flow path has a dam portion (70A) for retaining water, which extends toward upper direction.    USE - Water supply device for use with fuel cell used for electric-power generation, to supply water produced by vapor-liquid separation of anode waste gas of fuel cell to utilization equipment such as humidifier of cathode gas, or modifier of anode gas.    ADVANTAGE - Since the water stored in the dam portion flows out automatically from the dam portion, when the amount of stored water is excessive, the need for using a pump or valve for supplying water to the utilization equipment is eliminated. The increase in size of the water supply device and the increase in power consumption of the device is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged sectional view of the water supply device.    vapor-liquid separation device (64)    upper and lower chambers (64a,64b)    flow path (70)    dam portion (70A)
NOVELTY - The container (10) comprises feed pipe (5a) for supplying fuel to fuel modifier (8) and discharge pipe (5b) for ejecting reformed gas, which are orthogonally penetrated at the bottom surface of the substrate (1) mounted with fuel modifier (8). The opening area of the feed pipe and discharge pipe is 50%-90% more than external shape area.    USE - For fuel reformer (claimed) used in fuel cell system mounted in portable apparatus such as mobile telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), notebook personal computer and digital camcorder.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents accumulating heat generated in the fuel modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel modifier container.    substrate (1)    cover (2)    feed pipe (5a)    discharge pipe (5b)    insulation sealing agent (7)    fuel modifier (8)    container (10)
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger (24) is arranged at refrigerant discharge side of compressor (17) of heat pump circuit, to heat cooling water of vehicle fuel cell (12). A heat exchanger (19) is arranged at low-pressure side of circuit, so that refrigerant absorbs heat from vehicle-cabin air. The compressor is driven when detected cell temperature is below preset value during residual-moisture purging of cell during vehicle stop.    USE - Heat pump used for heating electric-power generating domestic fuel cell or fuel cell is used in vehicles and ships, and conditioning of indoor air of vehicle cabin.    ADVANTAGE - Enables heating the fuel cell when the detected fuel-cell temperature is below preset value, by operating the compressor so that the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air inside the cabin and heats the cooling water of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a heat pump device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    temperature detector (9r)    fuel cell (12)    compressor (17)    heat exchanger (19,24)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas is introduced into a container (3) made of fiber reinforcing plastics. The container containing hydrogen gas is immersed in very low temperature coolant, the container is cooled to temperature less than inversion temperature of hydrogen gas, and hydrogen gas is stored in container at pressure more than atmospheric pressure.    USE - Container for storing hydrogen gas for use in a fuel cell electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables storing high-density hydrogen gas safely, with minimum evaporation loss.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for storage apparatus of hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the storage apparatus of hydrogen gas.    coolant container (1)    hydrogen gas container (3)    vacuum chamber (4)    hydrogen gas container inlet (15)
NOVELTY - The system comprises two high temperature shift-reaction devices (3,4) to reduce the amount of carbon-monoxide contained in hydrocarbon fuel reformed by modifier (2). The temperature sensors (18,19) detect temperature of the devices (3,4) based on which the combustors (22,24) connected between the modifier and device (3) and between the devices (3,4) are controlled such that the temperature of devices (3,4) reach a target value.    USE - Fuel reforming system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces abnormal increase in temperature of shift-reaction devices, thereby reducing power consumption and start time of reforming system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel reforming system.    combustors (1,22,24)    modifier (2)    high temperature shift-reaction devices (3,4)    selective oxidation reactor (5)    temperature sensor (18,19)
NOVELTY - The temperature sensors (17-20) detect the temperature of combustor (1), modifier (2), high temperature shift reactor (3), low temperature shift reactor (4), and selective oxidation reactor (5). The flow-regulating valves (9-13) and the flow-regulating valves (14-16) respectively controls the supply of air and water to the modifier and reactors, based on the temperature detection result.    USE - Fuel reforming system.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the fault temperature rise of the reactors, and prevents the increase of fuel consumption and increase of starting time of the system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reforming system.    Combustor (1)    Modifier (2)    High temperature shift reactor (3)    Low temperature shift reactor (4)    Flow-regulating valves (9-16)    Temperature sensors (17-20)
NOVELTY - The voltage is applied between graphite anode (2) and graphite cathode (1) to generate an arc discharge. The inactive gas (3) is introduced to the arc generation area to produce carbon vapor. The produced carbon vapor is introduced into the water along with the inactive gas to produce carbon nano horn particles. The particles floating on the water are later collected.    USE - For manufacturing carbon nano horn particle used in manufacture of carbon nano-tube. Also used in electron-emission sources e.g. field emission display (FED), fuel cell and hydrogen storage material.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces running and manufacturing cost of the manufacturing system, effectively as the need for replenishment tank for inactive gases are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbon nano horn particle manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the carbon nano horn particle manufacturing apparatus.    Cathode (1)    Anode (2)    Inactive gas (3)    Fluid (4)    Gas cylinder (7)
NOVELTY - A controller (11) changes heat transfer state of a cooling unit (2b) which cools a catalyst (2a) according to the amount of the reformed gas. The amount of oxidizing agent supplied to the catalyst is controlled according to the amount of reformed gas to be treated.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide in reformed gas supplied to fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to maintain the temperature of the catalyst and removing carbon monoxide efficiently. Carbon monoxide is removed more effectively over a wide temperature range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the carbon monoxide removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    valve (1)    catalyst (2a)    cooling unit (2b)    thermometer (10)    controller (11)
NOVELTY - The catalyst composition contains carbon single fiber (2) with outer diameter of 15 nm or less supported with catalyst metal (1), proton conductive substance and mixed solvent of alcohol and water.    USE - For fuel electrodes especially anode of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (claimed), and direct methanol type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst composition provides fuel cell with favorable electric power generation ability using reduced amount of the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon single fiber is carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn or carbon nanofiber. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic of the carbon single fiber supported with catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst metal (1)    carbon single fiber (2)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has fuel-supply unit, modification portion (3), flow path of fuel, catalysts (I,II) provided at wall surface of flow path, carbon monoxide removal portion and fuel battery cell (5). Catalyst (I) promotes modification of fuel, and modifies fuel with water or water vapor to gas containing hydrogen. Catalyst (II) promotes shift reaction, and converts carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen or carbon dioxide.    USE - As power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is compact, and has excellent energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell has fuel-supply unit for supplying fuel containing dimethyl ether, modification portion (3), flow path of fuel provided inside portion (3), catalysts (I,II) provided at wall surface of flow path, carbon monoxide removal portion and fuel battery cell (5). Catalyst (I) promotes modification of fuel, and modifies fuel with water or water vapor to gas containing hydrogen. Catalyst (II) promotes shift reaction, and converts carbon monoxide produced in modification reaction and water into hydrogen or carbon dioxide. The removal portion removes carbon monoxide after shift reaction. Cell (5) generates electric power using hydrogen produced in modification and shift reaction, and oxygen in atmosphere. Catalysts (I) has solid acid supported with noble metals (A), and catalyst (II) has solid base supported with noble metals (B).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel portion (1)    Vaporization portion (2)    Reformation portion (3)    Carbon monoxide selective-oxidation portion (4)    Fuel cell (5)    Air pump (6)    Combustion portion (7)    Heat insulation portion (10)    Mixture of modification catalyst and carbon monoxide shift catalyst (11)
NOVELTY - A metal complex (1) is new.    USE - For semiconductor electrode of dye sensitized solar cell (claimed) used for generating power.    ADVANTAGE - The metal complex has sensitivity with respect to light of long wavelength region. The solar cell has favorable photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal complex having structure of formula ML1L2 (1) is new.    M = ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and/or technetium;    L1 = tridentate poly pyridine ligand of formula (I);    at least one of A1-A3 = bonding group, and remaining is alkyl or hydrogen;    L2 = ligand(s) of formula (IIa-IId); and    R2 = alkyl, alkoxy alkyl, amino alkyl, alkoxy carbonyl, carbonyl, cyano or hydrogen atom.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye sensitized solar cell, which has an electrode, a counter electrode and a carrier transport layer (4) clamped between electrode and counter electrode. The electrode has a sequential lamination of a transparent electrical conductive film (2,7,8) and a semiconductor layer (6) supported with metal complex, on a support substrate (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of dye sensitized solar cell.    support substrate (1)    transparent electrically conductive film (2,7,8)    platinum layer (3)    carrier transport layer (4)    semiconductor layer (6)
NOVELTY - A salt or complex of platinum and a salt or complex of ruthenium are dissolved in an organic solvent comprising alcohol(s). Carbon powder is dispersed in the alcohol solution. The pH value of the alcohol solution dispersed with carbon powder is adjusted to 2-5. The pH adjusted solution is heated and refluxed under an inert atmosphere, to obtain a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst.    USE - Used for manufacturing a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst used for direct methanol fuel cells (claimed) and hydrogen fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables the efficient production of a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst with high methanol oxidation activity. The particle size of the platinum-ruthenium alloy microparticle surfaces is efficiently controlled by adjusting the pH value of the alcohol solution to 2-5.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst, which is obtained by the above process; and    (2) a methanol fuel cell containing the platinum-ruthenium alloy catalyst used for the methanol pole.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the characteristic view of methanol oxidation activity of the platinum-ruthenium alloy microparticle catalysts. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The base material has a polycrystalline silicon substrate (101) in which high dopant area (107) is formed, by coating dopant material containing group III element of 1-300 atom ppm with respect to silicon to substrate.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon substrate (claimed) for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Acquires favorable solar cell characteristic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polycrystalline silicon substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a polycrystal solar cell.    polycrystalline silicon substrate (101)    light active area (103)    reflection prevention layer (105)    surface current collection electrode (106)    high dopant area (107)
NOVELTY - The method involves arranging a light-receiving surface side filler (22) on a transparent substrate (21) and arranging the spacers (27) on the light receiving surface side filler. The solar battery elements (23a) electrically connected by a connection tab (26) are arranged on the spacers. A reverse side sheet (25) and backside filler (24) are sequentially arranged on the solar battery elements.    USE - For manufacturing thin-film type solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of crack in the solar battery element without applying force to the edge portion of the solar battery elements. Improves the external appearance and reliability of the solar cell module efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module.    transparent substrate (21)    light receiving surface side filler (22)    backside filler (24)    reverse side sheet (25)    connection tab (26)    spacers (27)
NOVELTY - The element has a passivation film (4) containing oxygen-containing region (3), that is arranged at surface vicinity of a semiconductor substrate (1).    USE - E.g. silicon solar battery element of bulk crystal form.    ADVANTAGE - Highly efficient solar battery element with passivation effect and reflection prevention effect, is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a solar battery element.    semiconductor substrate (1)    diffused layer (2)    oxygen containing region (3)    passivation film (4)    surface electrode (5)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer (4) is formed along the surface of crystalline semiconductor particle (3) formed on a substrate (1), such that lower portions of semiconductor layer are isolated from the substrate. An insulator (2) is formed on the substrate such that upper portion of semiconductor layer is exposed, and an upper electrode (5) is formed covering the exposed section and upper portion of insulator.    USE - Photoelectric cell, e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents short circuit between upper and lower electrodes, thereby improving operating efficiency of the photoelectric cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of a photoelectric cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (1)    insulator (2)    crystalline semiconductor particle (3)    semiconductor layer (4)    upper electrode (5)
NOVELTY - An organic solar cell has an active layer (4) containing an organic electron donor and an electron acceptor arranged between positive electrode (2) and negative electrode (5). The electron acceptor is fullerene polymer.    USE - As organic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fullerene polymer improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The distance between the fullerene structure in the active layer is kept constant and electron mobility between fullerene structure is raised. The solar cell is excellent in photoelectric conversion characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the organic solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    positive electrode (2)    active layer (4)    negative electrode (5)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor device has a crystal layer on a rectangular substrate (01), whose crystallization direction is 45degrees of outlines with respect to two sides of the rectangular substrate.    USE - E.g. thin film transistor (TFT) used for liquid crystal display device, thin-film optoelectric transducer and thin film solar cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The scanning time is shortened effectively and surface crystallization is performed conveniently. The crystal growth at time of surface crystallization is performed uniformly. Thus the characteristic and anisotropic property are improved efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of thin -film semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of thin film semiconductor device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (01)    diffusion prevention layer (02)    refractory metal layer (03)    amorphous silicon layer (04a)    polycrystalline silicon layer (04b)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module comprising photovoltaic cells (1), light receiving surface cover (2), adhesion resin (3) and a backside cover (4), has dome shaped bent portions (100a) formed on both the edges.    USE - Solar cell module e.g. flat surface type solar cell module and dome type shaped solar cell module installed in building, motor vehicle roof, window, building wall surface and ship used for solar energy power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The design property such as external appearance and construction is improved. The electrical power generation efficiency is also improved. The installation space of the solar cell module is economized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of the solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell module.    photovoltaic cells (1)    light receiving surface cover (2)    adhesion resin (3)    backside cover (4)    dome shaped bent portion (100a)
NOVELTY - A lower intermediate layer (2) is formed on a substrate (2) and a compound semiconductor layer (3) is formed by epitaxial growth. An upper intermediate layer (4) is formed over the semiconductor layer (3) and a compound semiconductor layer (5) is formed over the upper intermediate lower. The two sets of semiconductor layers are isolated by etching the intermediate layer (4).    USE - For manufacture of semiconductor elements e.g. light emitting element, light receiving element, solar cell e.g. indium-gallium-phosphorus solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The number of elements produced per substrate is increased so the frequency of cleaning and etching is reduced. Reduces the fabrication cost by suppressing the recycling frequency and improving the time efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of semiconductor element.    Substrate (1)    Intermediate layers (2,4)    Semiconductor layers (3,5)
NOVELTY - The cell has a light receiving surface electrode (110) which is formed on a convex portion (101a) of a P-type silicon substrate (101), such that the step difference (H) of convex portion (101a) is more than or equal to 200 nm.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a solar cell with low cost and sufficient light reception efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacture method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the solar cell.    P-type silicon substrate (101)    Convex portion (101a)    n-type diffused layer (103)    Silicon nitride film (105)    Reverse side electrode (107)
NOVELTY - A porous catalyst layer (4) formed by electroconductive microparticles of particle size of 1 nm-1 microns, is sandwiched between the electrolyte layer (5) and electroconductive board (3).    USE - For solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves restoration speed of electrolyte of counter electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer manufacturing method;    (2) electronic device; and    (3) manufacturing method of electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of dye sensitizing wet optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent electroconductive board (1)    pigment support semiconductor microparticle layer (2)    electroconductive board (3)    porous catalyst layer (4)    electrolyte layer (5)
NOVELTY - A light scattering reflection layer (4) of specific surface roughness is formed between electrolyte layer (5) and electroconductive board (3).    USE - E.g., solar cell for use in various electronic apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Obtains high short-circuit current density and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer manufacturing method;    (2) electronic apparatus; and    (3) electronic apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional drawing of the dye sensitizing wet optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    transparent electroconductive board (1)    pigment support semiconductor microparticle layer (2)    electroconductive board (3)    light scattering reflection layer (4)    electrolyte layer (5)
NOVELTY - The structure has several acicular metal oxides (1) which are extended toward upper direction from one surface of a substrate (11), and dye sensitizing agent (2) covering the acicular metal oxide, such that the diameter of acicular metal oxide is 0.01-10,000 micrometer, average aspect ratio of oxide is 0.01 or more and density of oxide is 0.01-10,000 for 100 microns2 of substrate surface.    USE - Photoelectric conversion structure for battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides the photoelectric conversion structure having higher energy efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) photoelectric conversion structure manufacturing method;    (2) photoelectric conversion apparatus;    (3) metal oxide manufacturing method; and    (4) battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a photoelectric conversion structure.    acicular metal oxide (1)    dye sensitizing agent (2)    substrate (11)    conductive layer (12)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is introduced to a silicon substrate (11) and the substrate is heated so that the substrate-surface temperature is 350-500degreesC. A solution (13) containing the raw material of a thin film is sprayed on the surface of the substrate to form a thin film (16).    USE - For manufacturing thin film used for solar cell (claimed), for surface protection of glass substrates and semiconductor devices, and for use as antireflective film.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method efficiently provides thin films which in turn provide solar cells with high conversion efficiency preventing reflection of sunlight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of a thin film.    Silicon substrate (11)    Heater (12)    Solution (13)    Spray nozzle (14)    Thin film (16)
NOVELTY - A curable composition contains 18-25C chain-shaped aliphatic monofunctional (meth)acrylate (in wt.pts) (100), isobornyl (meth)acrylate (5-10), styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymer (5-30) and radical initiator (1-10).    USE - For sealing agent (claimed) for dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The curable composition has excellent adhesivity with respect to base material, chemical resistance with respect to electrolyte liquid and excellent sealing property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for sealing agent used for clamping opposing substrates, which contains the curable composition.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a disc-shaped nozzle plate (3) provided in the bottom portion of a cylindrical crucible (1). The nozzle plate contains a hole (3a) for ejecting the granular melt solution. The axis of the hole is inclined at predetermined angle, with respect to the vertical axis.    USE - For manufacture of granular silicon crystal used in photoelectric conversion apparatus, e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple and cost-effective technique for manufacturing granular silicon crystal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the granular silicon crystal manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    crucible (1)    nozzle plate (3)    holes (3a)    melt solution (4)    tubular structure (5)
NOVELTY - The inner surface of the container (1) is coated with release material (2) which has silicon nitride as main component, to raise the hardness of the silicon molten solution side (2b) than the container side (2a).    USE - For casting polycrystalline silicon for forming solar cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to remove the silicon ingot easily. Prevents mixing of release material with the silicon molten material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of casting-mold for silicon casting.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the casting-mold container and release material.    container (1)    release material (2)    container side (2a)    silicon molten solution side (2b)    silicon molten solution (3)
NOVELTY - The droplet separator (1), with a housing (12), separates any liquid components from the exhaust gas from a fuel cell, . The housing contains a gas feed (3), an agglomerator (4), a cyclone (5) and a clean gas exhaust (6) for the gas to flow through them in sequence. The agglomerator is at the upper section (11) of the housing, and the cyclone is in the lower section (17). The clean gas exhaust has a central tube (21) through the agglomerator, to carry the flow away from the cyclone.    USE - The unit is for the separation of fluid droplets from the exhaust gas from a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The droplet separator has a compact and lightweight structure, with good gas flow characteristics through it.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic section through the droplet separator.    droplet separator (1)    gas feed (3)    agglomerator (4)    cyclone (5)    clean gas exhaust (6)    upper housing section (11)    housing (12)    lower housing section (17)    central tube (21)
NOVELTY - The invention relates to the crystal particle solar battery and its preparation method and includes the conducting substrate, semiconductor crystal particle and transparent conducting layer. The clearance of the semiconductor crystal particle between the conducting substrate and the transparent conducting layer is filled with insulating material to isolate the conducting substrate from the transparent conducting layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The particles are spread on a plane and stuck on the flexible material with waterproof glue. A half of the particles are covered by the waterproof glue and the other half is naked. We erode the surface of the naked particle to reveal the inner material of the crystals, adhere or weld them on the conducting substrate, get rid of the flexible material and waterproof glue, fill the clearance between the particles with insulating material, erode the oxide layer and nitrided layer on the surface of the crystal particles, reveal the conducting layer and the upper surface electrode and decreased reflecting layer on it.
NOVELTY - A metal oxynitride electrode catalyst comprises an oxynitride containing transition metal element(s) chosen from lanthanum, tantalum, niobium, titanium and zirconium. The electrode catalyst is used at an electric potential of 0.4 V or more relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode electric potential in an acidic electrolyte.    USE - Used for electrochemical systems operated in an acidic electrolyte in the fields of water electrolysis, organic electrolysis and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The metal oxynitride electrode catalyst has high corrosion resistance even at high electrode potential in acidic electrolyte, and has high oxygen reduction catalyst ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal oxynitride electrode catalyst is dispersed as fine particles on a catalyst support. The catalyst support is an electroconductive powder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the electric current electric-potential curve of electrode catalyst under nitrogen atmosphere.
NOVELTY - Power-generating element comprises anode (8) which reduces oxygen, negative electrode (9) which oxidizes fuel, and solid electrolyte (10) between the electrodes. The electrodes respectively include catalyst layers (8b,9b) each having thickness of 20 microns or more. At least one of catalyst layers have fine pores of diameter 0.3-2 microns. The volume of fine pore is 4% or more with respect to total pore volume.    USE - For liquid fuel battery (claimed) used for power supply of cordless apparatus e.g. personal computer and mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst capability is improved and electric power generation efficiency is increased. Size and weight reduction of battery is achieved, and capacity of liquid fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Oxidation catalyst layer which oxidizes liquid fuel, is provided between solid electrolyte and catalyst layer of positive electrode. The oxidation catalyst layer contains insulating material and proton conductive material. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) liquid fuel battery containing the power generating element and liquid fuel; and    (b) manufacture of liquid fuel cell power generating element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of liquid fuel battery.    vent (1)    cover board (2)    fuel tank (3)    liquid fuel (4)    fuel absorbing material (5)    vapor liquid separation film (6a)    vapor liquid separation hole (6b)    collector (7)    positive electrode (8)    catalyst layers (8b,9b)    negative electrode (9)    solid electrolyte (10)
NOVELTY - The device has an anode, a cathode and at least one emission layer containing at least one matrix material doped with at least one phosphorescent emitter. The emission layer is immediately adjacent to an electrically conductive layer on the anode side. The matrix material and/or the phosphorescent emitter is/are a low molecular weight compound with a molecular weight of less than 10000 g/mol.    USE - E.g. an organic solar cell or organic laser diode for use in displays.    ADVANTAGE - Comparable or better efficiency with or than systems with separate hole transport layers, comparable operating voltages and a simpler layer structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) an organic solar cell    (B) and an organic laser diode.
NOVELTY - A solar cell module comprises solar cells connected to each other by an inner lead and sealed into a filler. An edge along the longitudinal direction of a bus bar electrode and a portion from the edge to a predetermined distance inward are brought into direct contact with the filler.    USE - For generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The invention reduces stresses applied to the vicinity of the boundary between an edge of a bus bar electrode in a solar cell and a semiconductor substrate and prevents defects, e.g. micro cracks, caused by the stresses from occurring. The portion is coated with the filler directly or through the solder resist instead of being coated with a solder having high rigidity so that stresses applied to the portion are easily reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell module comprises solar cells in a flat plate shape and an inner lead (8) for electrically connecting a bus bar electrode (4a, 5a) provided on a light receiving surface of one of the solar cells and a bus bar electrode provided on a non-light receiving surface of the adjacent solar cell. The solar cells connected to each other by the inner lead are sealed into a filler (10). An edge along the longitudinal direction of the bus bar electrode and a portion (F) from the edge to a predetermined distance inward are brought into direct contact with the filler.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a solar cell.    Silicon substrate (1)    Bus bar electrode (4a, 5a)    Solder (6)    Inner lead (8)    Filler (10)    Portion (F)
NOVELTY - A resin sheet (10) has a resin hardened layer (1) containing fiber like material (2) made of glass fiber and overcoat layer (3) laminated by the surface of resin hardened layer so that the surface roughness (Rt) is 200 nm or less. The resin sheet has haze value of 10% or less.    USE - For substrate of liquid crystal display, electroluminescent display device and solar cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The resin sheet has reduced weight and thickness, improved impact resistance and suppress thermal shrinkage/expansion. The resin sheet has excellent light transmittance and does not lower the quality of the display, hence the resin sheet is used in liquid crystal display, electroluminescent display device and solar cells. The substrate with the resin sheet contributes to the electric power generation efficiency improvement of solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) liquid crystal substrate, substrate for electroluminescent display device and substrate for solar cells, each comprising resin sheet;    (2) liquid crystal display device comprising resin sheet; and    (3) electroluminescent display device comprising resin sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the resin sheet.    resin hardened layer (1)    fiber-like material (2)    overcoat layer (3)    resin sheet (10)
NOVELTY - Organic photovoltaic conversion device comprises: a matrix material; carbon nanotubes dispersed in the matrix material; and photovoltaic organic molecules attached to defect sites on the carbon nanotubes.    USE - For use in generating electricity (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides flexible, durable, enhanced performance, and high efficiency organic solar cell or other photovoltaic device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) method of forming the above organic photovoltaic conversion device; and    (b) method of generating electricity from solar radiation comprising exposing a solar cell to solar radiation so that excitation transfer from the photovoltaic organic molecules to the carbon nanotubes results from the absorbed solar radiation.
NOVELTY - A membrane electrode assembly comprises an anode and a cathode fluid diffusion layer; an ion-exchange membrane; and an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer. The ion-exchange membrane, the cathode catalyst layer, and/or the anode catalyst layer non-uniformly supports an additive such as radical scavenger, membrane cross-linker, hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide stabilizer.    USE - For fuel cell used in making a fuel cell stack (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive electrode assembly includes an additive that is effective in reducing membrane degradation and enhanced membrane stability through multiple mechanisms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A membrane electrode assembly comprises an anode and a cathode fluid diffusion layer; an ion-exchange membrane interposed between the anode and cathode fluid diffusion layers; and an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer interposed between the ion-exchange membrane and the respective fluid diffusion layer. The ion-exchange membrane, the cathode catalyst layer, and/or the anode catalyst layer non-uniformly supports an additive such as radical scavenger, membrane cross-linker, hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a fuel cell comprising the membrane electrode assembly; and    (b) a fuel cell stack comprising fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer housing container comprises a base, a lid, a supply pipe for supplying fuel to the fuel reformer, and a discharge pipe for discharging the reformed gas.    USE - For housing a fuel reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive container is capable of favorably supplying fuel to a fuel reformer and safely discharging gas such as hydrogen gas obtained by reforming in the fuel reformer to the outside of the fuel reformer housing container and in which the power generation loss is small.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reformer housing container (11) comprises:    (a) a base (1) having on one surface a concave portion for housing a fuel reformer for generating reformed gas including hydrogen gas from fuel;    (b) a lid (4) attached to the surface of the base to cover the concave portion;    (c) a supply pipe (5a) for supplying fuel to the fuel reformer and piercing the base and/or the lid so that a front end is joined to the fuel reformer, and holding the fuel reformer in a space between the lid and a bottom surface of the concave portion; and    (d) a discharge pipe (5b) for discharging the reformed gas, the discharge pipe piercing the base and/or the lid so that a front end is joined to the fuel reformer, and holding the fuel reformer in a space between the lid and the bottom surface of the concave portion.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel reforming apparatus comprising the fuel reformer housing container, and a fuel reformer installed in the concave portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross sectional view showing a fuel reforming apparatus.    Base (1)    Lid (4)    Supply pipe (5a)    Discharge pipe (5b)    Fuel reformer housing container (11)
NOVELTY - Generation of electrical energy, comprises generating hydrogen gas from reaction of aluminum metal and aqueous alkali solution (171) in first reaction compartment (100); generating oxygen gas from reaction of oxygenated salt, water and catalyst in second reaction compartment (130); establishing fuel cell having anode (30) and cathode (50); and feeding hydrogen and oxygen gases to fuel cell to generate electricity.    USE - For generating electrical energy from fuel cell for nano or micro scale operation.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides an electricity supply having a long storage life capability until activated, and does not have the hydrogen storage problems that are common in other types of fuel cells such as the proton exchange membrane (PEM). The fuel source does not require either high-pressure containment or a large volume.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Generation of electrical energy, comprises:    (1) establishing a first reaction compartment;    (2) generating hydrogen gas from reaction of aluminum metal and aqueous alkali solution in first reaction compartment;    (3) establishing a second reaction compartment;    (4) generating oxygen gas from reaction of oxygenated salt, water and catalyst in the second reaction compartment;    (5) establishing fuel cell having anode and cathode;    (6) fluidly coupling the first reaction compartment to the fuel cell anode;    (7) fluidly coupling the second reaction compartment to the fuel cell cathode; and    (8) feeding hydrogen and oxygen gases to the fuel cell to generate electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a diagrammatic view of method for generating electrical energy from chemically generated hydrogen and oxygen.    Anode (30)    Cathode (50)    Electrolyte (60)    First reaction compartment (100)    Second reaction compartment (130)    Hydrogen conduit (140)    Aqueous alkali solution (171)
NOVELTY - Invention relates to catalyst carriers used in various heterogeneous catalyst applications and as accumulator cells, galvanic and fuel cells, In particular, utilization of geyserite as catalyst carrier is described.    USE - Catalyst manufacture technology.    ADVANTAGE - Increased temperature and chemical stability of carrier.
NOVELTY - The aqueous based coolant is cooled by a cooler (20) and is directed towards the objective cooling unit (30) through a path (40). An ion exchange membrane (40a) of cross section 90% or less of the minimum cross section of the desalination unit arrangement area of the coolant path, is arranged in the coolant path. The salt from the coolant is removed by the desalination and membrane is enclosed within a tea bag type container.    USE - For cooling fuel cell and CPU of computer (claimed). Also for use in cooling desalted water in electrolysis, cooling water for generator.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures reliable desalting and purification of coolant, and allows usage of desalination unit to wide variety of cooling systems thereby the maintenance cost is reduced. Simplifies maintenance of computer and battery with outstanding cooling effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion exchange membrane consists of anion exchange resin which contains the structural components satisfied by the chemical formula. The resin chain contains the linear or branched alkylene or methylene or alkylene oxy methylene group with carbon atoms of 3-8 or 4-8, which is coupled with a benzene ring having alkyl or hydroxy alkyl group compound carbon atoms of 6 or less. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) desalination device;    (2) computer; and    (3) battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic model of cooling system.    Cooler (20)    Cooling object (30)    Coolant path (40)    Desalination arrangement area (40a)    Ion exchange membrane (50)
NOVELTY - The microfuel modifier has catalyst supported by three dimensional porous silicon structure that is formed by performing electrochemical anodic oxidation in the flow path surface using organic electrolyte, for modifying hydrocarbon fuel. The fluid flow path is formed by covering the flow path channel (4) in the substrate, with a fixing board (6).    USE - For modifying fuel in small-sized fuel cell used in mobile telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), notebook personal computer and vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables modifying fuel efficiently by using small-sized fuel modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective and cross-sectional view of the micro fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Micro fuel modifier (1)    Silicon wafer (2)    Surface (3)    Flow path channel (4)    Collection unit (5)    Fixing board (6)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen producing apparatus has reaction tube (112) having support-supporting component (C), hydrogen-separating membrane (206), steam modifying catalyst-supported support (202), supply unit (116) and recovering unit (117). Unit (116) supplies source gas to tube (112), and unit (117) recovers hydrogen from tube (112). Support integrally joined with component (C), is separated and installed facing membrane (206).    USE - For producing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen producing apparatus is compact and has improved durability, simple structure and enlarged contact area between source gas and modification catalyst. The efficiency of steam modification reaction is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of reaction tube.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the reaction tube.    reaction tube (112)    source gas feed pipe (116)    hydrogen recovery unit (117)    support (202)    hydrogen separating membrane (206)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-burning catalyst (21) is arranged at the upstream side of a holder (22). Valves are provided in the anode side and cathode side routes (10, 12) through which the anode side and cathode exhaust gas are made to flow. The hydrogen and odor components absorbed by the holder are subjected to combustion for purification by the catalyst.    USE - Used for controlling exhaust emission gas containing hydrogen or hydrocarbons in fuel cells used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The device purifies hydrogen and odor components absorbed by the holder using the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for exhaust gas purification of a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the exhaust emission control device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    anode side exhaust gas route (10)    cathode side exhaust gas route (12)    exhaust route (13)    exhaust emission controller (20)    hydrogen-burning catalyst (21)    holder (22)
NOVELTY - A tin-platinum multiple oxide has a rutile structure.    USE - Used as an oxidation catalyst, sensor material or a catalyst electrode of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The tin-platinum multiple oxide has good catalytic action and a high concentration of fine platinum particles dispersed in tin oxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A tin-platinum multiple oxide has a rutile structure and a composition of formula: SnXPt(1-X)O2, where X is greater than 0.6 and less than 0.99.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the manufacture of tin-platinum multiple oxide;    (2) tin-tungsten multiple oxide;    (3) the manufacture of tin-tungsten multiple oxide;    (4) tin-rhenium multiple oxide; and    (5) the manufacture of tin-rhenium multiple oxide.
NOVELTY - A honeycomb structure (1) is obtained by integrate-joining a porous outer wall (7) to the periphery of a cell structure (5) of several honeycomb segments (12), using a joining layer (8). The cell structure has multiple cells (3) used as a flow path of fluid divided by a porous dividing wall (2). The joining layer (8) having a jointing material containing ceramics, colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina, is formed on the outer wall by drying.    USE - Used as a microparticles collection filter for waste gas, a catalyst support of an internal combustion engine, boiler, or chemical reactor apparatus and a modifier of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The honeycomb structure has good adhesion between honeycomb segments, using the jointing material. The manufacture of the honeycomb structure is reliable, and prevents the generation of cracks in the junction portions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The main crystal phase of the honeycomb segment contains cordierite, mullite, alumina, aluminum titanate, lithium aluminum silicate, silicon carbide and/or a silicon-carbide-metallic-silicon composite. The jointing material further includes inorganic fiber such as ceramic fiber.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the manufacture of a honeycomb structure; and    (2) a jointing material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show a perspective diagram of the honeycomb segment and honeycomb structure, and a top elevation view of the honeycomb structure.    honeycomb structure (1)    dividing wall (2)    cells (3)    cell structure (5)    outer wall (7)    joining layer (8)    honeycomb segment (12)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized solar cell comprises: a first electrode (10) of a light transmission material; a porous layer (30) formed on a surface of the first electrode with first and second materials differing from each other in conduction band energy level; a dye (40) absorbed on the porous layer; a second electrode (20) facing the porous layer; and an electrolyte (50) impregnated between the two electrodes.    USE - As a cell for converting solar energy into electric energy.    ADVANTAGE - The dye-sensitized solar cell inhibits the recombination of electrons and holes while increasing the accumulation of charged particles, thus enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency. The second material forms an energy barrier between the first material and the dye molecules, thus inhibiting the recombination of electrons and holes, and improving the charge accumulation effect. The energy efficiency of the solar cell is enhanced by 35% or more over conventional solar cells that include a porous layer based on a single material. The commercialization of such dye-sensitized solar cells is also improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The first material comprises a metal oxide and the second material has a conduction band energy level (-8 to -3 eV) higher than the conduction band energy level of the first material (-8.5 to -3.5 eV).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for fabricating the dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the dye-sensitized solar cell.    first electrode (10)    second electrode (20)    porous layer (30)    dye (40)    electrolyte (50)
NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen, oxygen and electricity comprises aggregating sand, electrically-conductive and -insulating materials and stone in a container; applying a transparent housing and partly filling the container with water; applying a vacuum and setting the water in motion; and exposing the housing to solar radiation, with the hydrogen and oxygen being led off at the top of the housing via a water-filled pipe bend containing plates.    USE - Production of hydrogen, oxygen and electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The effectiveness of the production of hydrogen, oxygen and electricity is improved compared to that achieved in prior-art processes.
NOVELTY - Micro fuel cell used in micro-electronics mechanical system. It includes external cast (4, 6), fuel delivery port (7), air delivery port (8), proton exchange film (5), cathode stephanoporate catalyst film (3) and anode stephanoporate catalyst film (1).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The surface of the proton exchange film (5) is covered with the anode stephanoporate catalyst film (1) to form the anode. The other surface of the proton exchange film (5) is covered with the cathode stephanoporate catalyst film (3) to form the cathode. On the external surface areas of the two stephanoporate catalyst film (1, 3), there is an external cast (4) with the fuel delivery port (7) and an external cast (4) with the air delivery port (8) respectively. The cell of the invention is featured by small size, relatively high energy density and long useful life and can be used as the rechargeable micro energy sources in the micro-electronics mechanical system. It can be used as the micro energy sources in the micro-electronics mechanical system after being assembled with micro lithium cell. It also can be used as the mini portable power supply of the mobile phones and notebook PCs.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (100) comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode (103) provided on a first surface of the membrane for exposure to a fuel, an anode catalyst for catalyzing the fuel, a cathode (104) provided on a second surface of the membrane for exposure to an oxidant, and a cathode catalyst for catalyzing the oxidant, where the catalyst(s) comprises photocatalytic material (106).    USE - The fuel cell is for a fuel cell stack (claimed). It is used as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - With the use of photocatalytic material, complex organic molecules, e.g. hydrocarbons, and hydrogen, may be used as fuel without any pre-conditioning, thus simplifying fuel preparation and improving robustness and efficiency of the catalyst and PEM fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a perspective view of a PEM fuel cell.    Fuel cell (100)    Porous PEM electrolyte (102)    Anode (103)    Cathode (104)    Photocatalyst material (106)
NOVELTY - Manufacturing a fuel cell comprises: (a) forming an electrolyte layer (21) having proton conductivity on a hydrogen-permeable metal layer (22); and (b) forming a conductive layer having electrical conductivity on the formed electrolyte layer to block off an electrical connection between the conductive layer and the hydrogen-permeable metal layers via pores present in the electrolyte layer.    USE - Manufacturing a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents a potential short circuit between the hydrogen-permeable metal layer as the base material of the electrolyte layers and the conductive layers formed on the electrolyte layers due to the presence of pores in the electrolyte layers. Deterioration of the performance of the resulting fuel cell is restrained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows formation of a cathode included in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).    Electrolyte layer (21)    Hydrogen-permeable metal layer (22)    Electrode (24)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a heating unit for heating air and fuel supplied to a fuel cell stack; and a purge unit for returning fuel remaining at each system to a fuel tank when a system driving is stopped.    USE - For generating electric energy.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of the fuel cell stack can reach a goal temperature within the shortest time by heating fuel at the time of driving a system. Fuel remaining at the fuel cell stack and each system is returned to the fuel tank when the driving is stopped to increase a performance of the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack (14) including an electrolyte membrane interposed between an anode and a cathode; a fuel tank connected to the anode by a fuel supplying line (26) for supplying hydrogen-including fuel to the anode; an air supplying unit (18) connected to the cathode by an air supplying line (34) for supplying oxygen-including air to the cathode; a heating unit for heating air and fuel supplied to the fuel cell stack; and a purge unit for returning fuel remaining at each system to the fuel tank when a system driving is stopped.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for controlling a fuel cell system comprising a heating step for heating fuel; an electricity generating step for supplying the heated fuel and air to a fuel cell stack and generating electric energy; and a purge step for returning fuel remaining at each system to a fuel tank when a system driving is stopped while performing the first and second steps.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (14)    Air supplying unit (18)    Cooling fan (20)    Hydrogen combustor (22)    Fuel supplying line (26)    Fuel pump (28)    Air supplying line (34)    Air pump (42)    Gas/liquid separator (44)    Recycling pump (46)    Fuel recollecting line (48)    Hydrogen supplying line (50)    Temperature sensor (64)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generator has mixed gas flow passage (9) with branched main and auxiliary flow passages whose terminal ends are converged to each other. Respective turning portions (45a-45d), (46a,46d) are installed in main and auxiliary flow passages, to turn the mixer gas flow in mutually different directions. A generating unit generates hydrogen by chemical reaction of mixed gas in converged portion of passages.    USE - For generating hydrogen supplied to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming gas mixer which is reduced in weight, loss in heat capacity and provides excellent hydrogen generation efficiency and responsiveness. Spatial uniformity of the concentration of the reformed gas ins ensured. Therefore enables to use carbon monoxide removal catalyst layers. The generator structure decreases catalyst amount and reduces the whole size of the hydrogen generator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The flow passages have cylindrical cross section. The turning portions have several dividing walls which divide the interior space of the passages. The turning angle of the dividing wall from the start end to the terminal end is 45-900.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the internal structure of the gas mixing device.    mixed gas flow passage (9)    main turned portions (45a-45d)    auxiliary turned portions (46a-46b)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (202) has transparent conductor layer (21) formed on transparent substrate. Two semiconductor electrodes (31,32) having sensitizing dye are provided on opposing surfaces of the conductor layer. A current collection electrode (41) in contact with porous insulating layer (6), is formed on the conductor layer. A catalyst layer (8) formed on another substrate is arranged opposing the porous layer.    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since the dye sensitized solar cell has opposingly arranged semiconductor electrodes, the light incident on the solar cell is effectively utilized, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar cell.    porous insulating layer (6)    catalyst layer (8)    transparent conductor layer (21)    semiconductor electordes (31,32)    current collection electorde (41)    solar cell (202)
NOVELTY - The solar cell (1) has semiconductor electrodes (3) having sensitizing dye (31) arranged opposing the substrate (2). The insulating layer (5) contacting the current collection electrode (41), is formed on other side of the semiconductor electrode. A catalyst layer (6) is arranged opposing the insulation layer. A substrate (7) is formed over the catalyst layer.    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for providing the light transmitting substrate on the light incident side. Thus suppressing the internal resistance of the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of the dye sensitized solar cell.    solar cell (1)    substrates (2,7)    semiconductor electrodes (3)    insulating layer (5)    catalyst layer (6)    sensitizing dye (31)    current collection electrode (41)
NOVELTY - A permeable film (3) is arranged between a fuel electrode (41) and an oxidizing-agent electrode (51). A flow-through portion (42) is formed in the reverse side of the permeable film to allow flow of gas-containing oxygen. A permeation hole (54) is formed in the surface of the oxidizing agent electrode, to eject sodium hydroxide generated in the oxidizing agent electrode.    USE - Fuel cell using metal hydrogen complex.    ADVANTAGE - Enables efficient ejection of the sodium hydroxide generated in the oxidizing agent electrodes through the permeation hole. Stabilizes output characteristics of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of the fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Permeable film (3)    Fuel electrode (41)    Flowthrough portion (42)    Oxidizing agent electrode (51)    Permeation hole (54)
NOVELTY - The catalyst support (27) has annular form formed according to the size of the cross-section of fluid passage (13). The catalyst support has reticulate structure supporting the catalyst at the surface. The catalyst support is arranged in the annular fluid passage.    USE - For supporting catalyst used in catalytic converter (claimed) such as reactor for purifying exhaust gas of motor vehicle and modifier of hydrocarbon used for manufacture of hydrogen used as fuel of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst support enables easy inclusion into annular fluid passage. Effective contact of fluid with catalyst supported by the support in the catalytic converter is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for catalytic converter (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the rough explanatory drawing of the catalytic converter.    catalytic converter (1)    fluid passage (13)    inner tube (15)    outer tube (17)    catalyst support (27)
NOVELTY - A fuel modification catalyst contains noble metals and manganese, iron, barium, cobalt, lanthanum, titanium, nickel, magnesium, samarium and/or copper.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen-containing gas (claimed) by modifying methane, gasoline and methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modification catalyst has high alcohol and hydrocarbon modification ability even under low temperature. Thus, hydrogen-containing gas with high hydrogen concentration and low methanol concentration is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel modification catalyst is supported to honey-comb monolith.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas, using fuel modification catalyst.
NOVELTY - A dye sensitizing solar cell has a carrier transport layer (4), and a porous semiconductor layer (6) having a sensitizing dye (5), provided between a transparent electrode and a counter electrode (3). The carrier transport layer contains an electrolyte liquid having heterocyclic compound having two or more oxygen atoms in a ring.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The dye sensitizing solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the dye sensitizing solar cell.    transport electrical conductive film (2,7)    counter electrode (3)    carrier transport layer (4)    sensitizing dye (5)    porous semiconductor layer (6)
NOVELTY - A dye sensitizing solar cell has a carrier transport layer (4) containing electrolyte liquid and a porous semiconductor layer (6) adsorbed with sensitizing dyes (5) provided between transparent electrode and counter electrode (3). The electrolyte liquid contains heterocyclic compound having at least one sulfur atom in a ring system.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The dye sensitizing solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the dye sensitizing solar cell.    support substrates (1,8)    counter electrode (3)    carrier transport layer (4)    sensitizing dyes (5)    porous semiconductor layer (6)
NOVELTY - A dye sensitizing solar cell has a carrier transport layer (4) containing an electrolyte liquid and a porous semiconductor layer (6) adsorbed with sensitizing dye (5) provided between transparent electrode and counter electrode (3). The electrolyte liquid contains a heterocyclic compound (5-40 volume%) having one oxygen atom in ring system.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The dye sensitizing solar cell has high release voltage property and photoelectric conversion efficiency, and flow of electron is effectively suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a model of dye sensitizing solar cell.    substrates (1,8)    transparent electrically conductive films (2,7)    counter electrode (3)    carrier transport layer (4)    sensitizing dye (5)    porous semiconductor layer (6)
NOVELTY - A filament-like nano titanium oxide (1) has crystal form.    USE - Used for photocatalyst and electrode material for dye sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The filament-like nano titanium oxide having high specific surface area and excellent reproducibility is manufactured efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of filament-like nano titanium oxide, which involves hydrothermally processing material containing titanium oxide or its salt using potassium hydroxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the filament-like nano titanium oxide.    filament-like nano titanium oxide (1)
NOVELTY - The annular flow path for pre-heating (11) is arranged adjoining the reformed-gas cooling flow path (17). The original fuel is supplied to the annular path for pre-heating, catalyst filling annular paths (13,15), catalyst filling annular path (12), and annular flow paths of reformed-gas cooling in order.    USE - For polymer electrolyte fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is made compact. Enable to generate vapor effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the steam-reforming type hydrogen-production apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    annular flow path for preheating (11)    catalyst filling annular paths (12,13,15)    reformed-gas cooling flow path (17)    annular flow path (24)    spiral-tubes flow path (25)
NOVELTY - The carbon plate is immersed into a polycondensate solution of silicon alkoxide, and heated, such that surface or hole surface of the carbon plate is covered with silica thin film. Thus, the hydrophilicity is provided to the carbon plate.    USE - For providing hydrophilicity to carbon plate used as separated base material of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrophilicity is efficiently provided to the carbon plate, and is maintained for a long period of time without reducing the electroconductivity of the carbon plate.
NOVELTY - A liquid containing a metallic compound is sprayed and exposed to an atmosphere having a hydrohalide at 800-1600degreesC and metal oxide microparticles of primary particle size 1-100 nm is manufactured.    USE - For manufacture of metal oxide microparticles such as alumina or zirconia microparticles, used for abrasive, sintered compact, filler, sensor, luminescent material and solar cell material.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides metal oxide microparticles of high crystallinity and uniform shape.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for metal oxide microparticles prepared by the above method.    The microparticles have particle density of 95 % or more of theoretical density.
NOVELTY - A porous intermediate film (2) arranged on both the surfaces of a diaphragm (1), permeates positive and negative electrode liquid. The diaphragm permeates hydrogen ion pass between the positive and negative electrode liquids.    USE - Redox battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables providing redox battery without reduction of current efficiency. Prevents damage to the diaphragm, even when thin diaphragm is used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the redox battery.    diaphragm (1)    intermediate film (2)    frame (3)    bipolar board (4)    positive electrode chamber (5)
NOVELTY - A separator (11) comprises through-hole (21) through which a tie-rod (7) is inserted for fixing a laminate structure. The tie-rod has an insulated coating layer (23) of varying thickness formed at the peripheral portion, with the thick-film portions (23a) contacting the aperture surrounding surface of the through-hole.    USE - E.g. solid-polymer-electrolyte type fuel cell stack for fuel cell system used in electric vehicle and motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Exact positioning of a tie-rod is performed inside a through hole, and lamination operation of multiple fuel cells is made easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining the insertion of a tie-rod through the hole formed at separator of the fuel cell stack.    tie-rod (7)    separator (11)    through hole (21)    insulated-coating layer (23)    thick film portion (23a)
NOVELTY - A plate (1) has a concave portion (2), and a catalyst is supported at the bottom and side wall portions of the concave portion. Another plate (3) having a convex portion (4) is fitted with the concave portion. The side walls of the concave and convex portions are contacted at the time of fitting. An opening connects the space and exterior.    USE - Used for a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - An airtight state is maintained between adjacent flow paths.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fluid conduction structure.    plates (1,3)    concave portion (2)    convex portion (4)    groove (5)
NOVELTY - Apparatus holds a to-be-processed substrate (5) on a ground electrode (4) arranged opposite to a discharge electrode (20) having several grooves. The width of each groove is less than the distance between substrate and discharge electrode.    USE - For forming film on semiconductors e.g. amorphous silicon and fine-crystal silicon, during manufacture of photoelectric-conversion apparatus e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to uniformly form high quality film on large area substrate, at high speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: the photoelectric-conversion apparatus manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus (1)    ground electrode (4)    substrate (5)    heater (6)    gas supply line (8)    reactive gas (10)
NOVELTY - A porous material is bonded to synthetic resin sheet (21a) by thermo compression. The porous material is then peeled off such that a corrugated structure is formed on the surface of synthetic resin sheet.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A solar cell substrate which has corrugated structure on the surface, is manufactured with sufficient quality by an economical method. Short circuit of solar cell is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous material is made of synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoro ethylene. The synthetic resin sheet is a thermoplastic resin preferably a liquid crystal polymer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell substrate (21) obtained by the manufacturing method; and    (2) solar cell (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of structure of solar cell.    solar cell (20)    solar cell substrate (21)    synthetic resin sheet (21a)    metal sheet (21b)    lower electrode layer (22)    silicon film layer (23)    transparent electrode layer (24)
NOVELTY - An impurity-diffusion material (2) for forming pn junction, is applied on a substrate (1), and a pn-junction is formed, after-ripening diffusing treatment, to obtain solar cell (8). The impurity-diffusion material is applied on the substrate other than the peripheral region, by printing method.    USE - As substitute energy for petroleum extracts.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method of solar cell effectively reduces parallel resistance produced when the diffusion layer contacts an electrode, and prevents increase of reverse-direction electric current. High yield of solar cell is manufactured, without reducing the quality.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a manufacturing process of a solar cell.    substrate (1)    impurity-diffusion material (2)    diffused layers (3)    anti-reflective films (4)    solar cell (8)
NOVELTY - A gel-form electrolyte contains a host polymer, and iodine and/or iodine compound. The host polymer contains a polymer compound, which is cross-linked by chemical reaction of oxetane group or alicyclic epoxy group.    USE - For dye sensitized solar cell and lithium cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gel-form electrolyte has excellent heat resistance, and melting of gel at high temperature is suppressed. The electrolyte provides dye sensitized solar cell having excellent stability at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gel-form electrolyte contains a host polymer, and iodine and/or iodine compound. The host polymer contains a polymer compound of formula (1), which is cross-linked by chemical reaction of oxetane group or alicyclic epoxy group.    R1,R3=H or 1-3C alkyl group;    R2=1-6C alkyl, hydroxy alkyl group or alkylene oxide group;    R4=l-6C alkyl group having oxetane group or alicyclic epoxy group at the terminal;and    m,n=100-1000.
NOVELTY - The gas barrier composite film has an adhesive layer (2) provided between plastic film (A) (1) and barrier film (3). The adhesive layer contains resin and silane coupling agent. The barrier film has sequential lamination of silicon oxide thin-film layer (3a), primer layer (3b) and plastic film (B) (3c).    USE - For use as back sheet or front sheet of solar cell and liquid crystal display, and as packaging material.    ADVANTAGE - The gas barrier composite film has excellent weather resistance, gas barrier property, flexibility, and is lightweight. The film has low oxygen permeability (1 cc/m2.24 hours or less) and water vapor permeability (1 g/m2.24 hours or less).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas barrier composite film has an adhesive layer provided between plastic film (A) and barrier film. The adhesive layer contains resin and silane coupling agent. The barrier film has silicon oxide (SiOx) thin-film layer, primer layer and plastic film (B), where x is 1.35-1.65. The plastic film (A) is a colored plastic film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partially expanded sectional view of gas barrier composite film.    plastic film (A) (1)    adhesive layer (2)    barrier film (3)    silicon oxide thin-film layer (3a)    primer layer (3b)    plastic film (B) (3c)
NOVELTY - A thin metal film (2) is vapor-deposited to the top surface of a flat base (1). The monodispersed dielectric microparticles (3) are densely formed on the thin metal film, and the shape of particles are reduced by anisotropic dry etching. After forming a gap (5) among the reduced microparticles, thin metal films (6) are formed on microparticles, by maintaining a gap (7) between the films.    USE - Used in optical biosensor (claimed), solar cell (claimed), gas sensor (claimed) and high speed detector (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables to change the optical, electrical and chemical characteristics reliably, and to manufacture a sensor with high sensitivity cheaply and rapidly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) optical biosensor;    (2) solar cell;    (3) gas sensor;    (4) high speed detector;    (5) apparatus; and    (6) microparticles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of the substrate.    flat base (1)    metal films (2,6)    microparticles (3)    gaps (5,7)
NOVELTY - The temperature and pH value of the solution containing the anti-reflective film component are controlled during the contact condition of solution with semiconductor light receiving surface to generate precipitate of film component to form anti-reflective film (7) on light receiving surface side of semiconductor.    USE - Anti-reflective film formation method for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces installation cost. Reduces energy consumption. Enables to form anti-reflective film of uniform film thickness on curve shaped or bulb-shaped solar battery element, reliably. Prevents reduction in photoelectric conversion efficiently. Enhances life of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the bulb-shaped solar battery element with anti-reflective film.    first-conductivity type semiconductor layer (1)    second-conductivity type semiconductor layer (2)    opening of second conductivity semiconductor layer (3)    exposed area of first-conductivity type semiconductor layer (4)    electrodes (5,6)    anti-reflective film (7)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor crystalline substance is heated to a deformable temperature below the melting point of the crystalline substance for making the crystalline substance deformable. The crystalline substance is processed in the deformable temperature range for obtaining a required shape. Deformable temperature, destruction temperature and stress applied on the substance are decided based on the substance thickness.    USE - For manufacture of solar cell for solar cell system used in electric vehicle e.g. electric train, bus, ship, space station, motor bike and shuttle and in building and for manufacture of micro electronic devices and micro machines.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to obtain solar cells having different shape by processing crystalline substance in deformable temperature range at low cost and thereby improves decoration property and enables to perform precision processing of solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) wafer crystalline substance for light electronic devices; and    (2) solar cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the top board and the lower board.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion portion (21) has specific conductivity type silicon layer (12), and intermediate and i-type crystalline silicon layers (13a,13b) stacked in order. The layers (13a,13b) have a thickness of 5-100nm and 1-5microns respectively and have a crystallization rate of 0.6-3 and 2-8 respectively.    USE - Silicon-thin-film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Inexpensive solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (11)    specific conductivity type silicon layer (12)    intermediate crystalline silicon layer (13a)    i-type crystalline silicon layer (13b)    photoelectric conversion portion (21)
NOVELTY - The method involves forming a growth prevention layer at the surface of substrate containing polycrystalline silicon. The prevention layer is processed to form pattern of electrode shape and silicon film. The prevention layer is removed after forming silicon film. Another silicon film with electrode is formed at portion where the prevention layer is removed.    USE - For manufacturing liquid-phase epitaxial (LPE) silicon film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the electrode serves as embedded structure, the shadow loss is reduced and electric current is increased. The solar cell can be manufactured with excellent characteristics and low manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of manufacturing process of LPE silicon film solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The rate of deterioration of thin-film solar cell assembly (10), is measured. The forward electric current is supplied to each cell (1) of thin-film solar cell assembly, when judged that recovery processing of cell assembly is required based on measured result.    USE - For recovery of compound-type thin-film solar cell assembly installed in roof of house or wall surface of building.    ADVANTAGE - Increases durability of solar cell assembly, without replacing or discarding the thin-film solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a circuit diagram of compound-type thin-film solar cell assembly with recovery apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar cell (1)    measuring device (6)    solar cell assembly (10)    characteristic recovery apparatus (11)    current source (14)
NOVELTY - The device (1) has an airtight shutter at the entrance-exit of a film-forming chamber (15), while the entrance-exit of chamber (5) is always open. The chamber (5) is moved to the position of the substrate dispensing apparatus (2), by chamber movement apparatus (32). The substrate carrier is transferred to the chamber (5). The chamber (5) is joined with the chamber (15), so that the carrier is transferred to chamber (15).    USE - Used in manufacture of photoelectric conversion apparatus such as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High quality thin film can be formed. The manufacturing and maintenance costs of the chemical vapor deposition apparatus are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for chemical vapor deposition method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    chemical vapor deposition apparatus (1)    substrate dispensing apparatus (2)    chamber (5)    film-forming chamber (15)    chamber movement apparatus (32)
NOVELTY - An article comprises a fuel cell diffusion layer; and a sulfonic acid moiety or acidic moiety covalently bonded to the fuel cell diffusion layer.    USE - In fuel cell (claimed), which is used in automobiles or stationary systems (e.g. systems designed to power a home).    ADVANTAGE - The article has an aqueous permeability of greater than the aqueous permeability of the fuel cell diffusion layer. The fuel cells can be used in automobiles or stationary systems (e.g. systems designed to power a home).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An article comprises a fuel cell diffusion layer; and a sulfonic acid moiety of formula RSO3H (I) or acidic moiety of formula R-A covalently bonded to the fuel cell diffusion layer.    R = T1;    T1 = bond, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl moiety;    A = SO3H, PO3H2, AsO3H2 or COOH.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell comprises a first fuel cell flow plate; second fuel cell flow plate; electrolyte between the first and second fuel cell flow plates; diffusion layer between the first fuel cell flow plate and the electrolyte; and the sulfonic acid moiety of formula RaSO3H (II) covalently bonded to the diffusion layer; and    (2) preparation (M1) of fuel cell diffusion layer involving: covalently bonding a sulfonic acid moiety of formula R1SO2X to the fuel cell diffusion layer.    Ra,R1 = T1;    X = halogen.
NOVELTY - Provided is a hydrogen storage medium, which has a structure containing conductive polymer capable of increasing hydrogen-adsorbable (ion exchange) portions and thus performing hydrogen adsorption in a simple and stable manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen storage medium using a conductive polymer comprises polyaniline doped with any one selected from camphor sulfonic acid and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or polypyrrole as conductive polymer, where the conductive polymer is carbonized to increase the amorphous characteristics. Particularly, the conductive polymer is carbonized by performing calcination in a vacuum furnace or conventional furnace at 200-1500degreesC under an atmosphere of at least one gas selected from the group consisting of helium (He), nitrogen (N2). argon (Ar) and air for about 1-120 hours.
NOVELTY - The molten silicon raw material is discharged from a descent pipe (2) through a nozzle hole provided at the bottom of a melting crucible, in a controlled atmosphere. The cooling rate of the silicon in the pipe is adjusted and the crystal growth rate is controlled by adjusting the pressure of the controlled atmosphere of the pipe.    USE - For manufacturing silicon balls having single or poly-crystal structure used in sensor or solar cell manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Allows to manufacture silicon balls continuously as the molten silicon is discharged continuously.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon balls manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the smelting furnace. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    smelting furnace (1)    descent pipe (2)    sub-descent pipe (3)    collection receptacle (4)
NOVELTY - A carbon nanotube composition contains carbon nanotube, and triazine derivative or organic-dye derivative having basic functional group.    USE - For carbon nanotube dispersion liquid (claimed) used as functional materials such as gas-occlusion materials for fuel cells, electrodes, electromagnetic shielding materials, conductive resins, and components for field emission displays (FED).    ADVANTAGE - The carbon nanotube dispersion liquid using the carbon nanotube composition, has favorable dispersibility and storage stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, which consists of water or organic solvent, and carbon nanotube composition.
NOVELTY - An ejector (22) pumps an original fuel with water vapor to a modifier (2) which produces reformed gas rich in hydrogen from original fuel containing biogas, such that the steam flow rate of ejector is fluctuated according to change in methane concentration of biogas. A fuel cell enables electrochemical reaction of reformed gas and oxidizing agent to generate electric power.    USE - Fuel cell electric power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Controls drive steam amount of ejector effectively and improves transfer capability thereby increasing maintenance or driving of fuel cell power generating device, even if methane concentration in biogas is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of the fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modifier (2)    desulfurizer (3)    carbon monoxide transformer (4)    fuel cell (5)    ejector (22)
NOVELTY - The method involves stopping the supply of fuel gas and oxidizing agent gas in the fuel cell when the temperature difference between the fuel cell and the surrounding, is below the predetermined temperature.    USE - For operating fuel electric power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of deterioration is achieved and thereby improving the operation of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell electric power generation system;    (2) fuel cell electric power generation system operation program; and    (3) recorded medium storing fuel cell electric power generation system operation program.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the table explaining the operation timing of the fuel cell electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The container has a base (1) to which a fuel modifier (9) is connected in floating state through a feed pipe (5a) and a discharge pipe (5b) that penetrate the base.    USE - Container storing fuel modifier used in fuel reformer (claimed) for generating hydrogen gas from various fuels, in fuel cell system for portable device e.g. personal digital assistant, mobile telephone, notebook personal computer, digital camcorder, digital still camera.    ADVANTAGE - There is no need to carry out direct surface joining of reverse side of the fuel modifier to base, hence preventing heat transfer to the base, suppressing temperature reduction of modifier to ensure efficient electric power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the container storing fuel modifier.    base (1)    cover (4)    feed pipe (5a)    discharge pipe (5b)    fuel modifier (9)
NOVELTY - A waste material containing water content of 15 times or less with respect to an oil component, is introduced into a reducing gas melting furnace (1), and melted at 1500 degrees C or more by reducing environment. The reaction rate of carbon solution reaction is raised, and a hot reducing gas (G) is produced. Gas (G) is recovered in 850 degrees C or more hot state, and production of dioxin is suppressed, by processing of waste material.    USE - For processing waste material to recover hydrogen gas used as raw material for hydrogen fuel battery (claimed), industrial waste and general waste, such as waste material containing waste oil, waste water containing oil, waste water, waste chemical solution and waste organic matter.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of furnace temperature during waste material insertion is suppressed, and combustion efficiency is increased. The processing method of waste material is performed efficiently, and the reducing gas produced during high temperature melting process is separated and recovered efficiently. Generation of harmful gas, such as dioxin is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline front view of principal portion of coke bed-type reducing gas melting furnace used for implementing the processing method of waste material.    Melting furnace (1)    Recovery pipe (2)    Shaft (3)
NOVELTY - A porous anti-reflective film is formed around a surface electrode by dipping a semiconductor crystal base board arranged with the surface electrode into an aqueous solution containing oxidizing agent having catalytic reductive reaction, and hydrofluoric acid.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves mass production of the anti-reflective film easily and inexpensively, without deteriorating the surface electrode, as the byproduct of the catalytic reductive reaction, is water which does not contaminate the manufacturing environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph illustrating the measured reflectance of the substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The electrode substrate (20) has a transparent electrode (10) formed on one surface of a transparent base material (1). The transparent electrode comprises a metal oxide-containing conductive layer (2), a metal-containing conductive layer (3), and a carbon-containing conductive layer (4), formed sequentially on the base material.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed) used as optoelectric transducer for electric-power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode substrate provides dye-sensitized solar cells having high durability and photoelectric-conversion efficiency. The time dependent reduction of the capability of solar cell is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye-sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of cross-section of electrode substrate.    transparent base material (1)    metal oxide-containing conductive layer (2)    metal-containing conductive layer (3)    carbon-containing conductive layer (4)    transparent electrode (10)    electrode substrate (20)
NOVELTY - The electrode substrate (10,20) has a gas barrier layer (3,13), a transparent electroconductive film (5) and a porous semiconductor layer (7), sequentially formed on a surface of a transparent resin film (1,11). The porous semiconductor layer is formed on the transparent electroconductive film, using semiconductor microparticles, and pigment (9) supported on the surface of the semiconductor microparticles.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed) used for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode substrate has excellent heat resistance, mechanical strength and oxygen-permeation rate. The dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrode is inexpensive, and has excellent flexibility. Reduction of capability of the dye-sensitized solar cell with respect to time is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of the electrode substrate; and    (2) dye-sensitized solar cell (50).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a cross-section of a dye-sensitized solar cell.    transparent resin films (1,11)    gas barrier layers (3,13)    transparent electroconductive film (5)    porous semiconductor layer (7)    pigment (9)    electrode substrates (10,20)    dye-sensitized solar cell (50)
NOVELTY - A base (101) has semiconductor electrode (3) and transparent conductive layer (21) at one surface of a glass substrate (1). A base (102) has catalyst layer (51) opposite to semiconductor electrode. An electrolyte layer (6) is provided between electrode and catalyst layer. The through-hole conductors (11) connect a current collection electrode (71) at other side of glass substrate, and transparent conductive layer.    USE - Dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the current collection electrode is connected with transparent conductive layer through through-hole conductors, the electrons are collected efficiently, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the dye-sensitized solar cell.    glass substrate (1)    semiconductor electrode (3)    electrolyte layer (6)    through-hole conductor (11)    transparent conductive layer (21)    catalyst layer (51)    current collection electrode (71)    bases (101,102)
NOVELTY - The crystalline indium-tin oxide film is obtained by heating and crystallizing crystalline indium-tin oxide film formed on a base material alternately by irradiating microwave.    USE - For transparent electroconductivity film, dye sensitized solar cell, touch panel (all claimed) used as input device of household appliance and portable terminal, transparent switching device and optical system.    ADVANTAGE - The crystalline indium-tin oxide film has excellent sliding durability and acid resistance. The film is produced easily and quickly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) crystallization method of indium-tin oxide film;    (2) transparent electroconductivity film;    (3) touch panel; and    (4) dye sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the general structure of touch panel. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    glass panel (1)    transparent electrically conductive films (2,5)    lower electrode (3)    high polymer film (4)    spacer (7)
NOVELTY - A particle-dispersed type resin sheet (1) contains an epoxy resin (102) and dispersed particle-form light-diffusion agent (101). The epoxy resin has a polysulfite-type structure. The refractive index of the light-diffusion agent is different from that of the epoxy resin. The light-diffusion agent is unevenly distributed in the thickness direction.    USE - For substrate used for image display apparatus (both claimed), solar cells, liquid-crystal cells, and electroluminescent displays used for small portable information terminal apparatuses used in satellite communication and mobile-communication techniques.    ADVANTAGE - The particle-dispersed type resin sheet has excellent heat resistance, strength, light-transmittance property, light-diffusion function, toughness, and fracture strength, and is lightweight and thin. Glare resulting from backlight is prevented and visibility is improved. Since too much light diffusion is suppressed by mal-distribution of the dispersing agent, a clear image is obtained. The need for a separate light-diffusion sheet is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) substrate comprising the particle-dispersed type resin sheet; and    (2) image display apparatus comprising the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the resin sheet.    particle-dispersed type resin sheet (1)    light-diffusion agent (101)    epoxy resin (102)
NOVELTY - A particle dispersed type resin sheet (1) contains epoxy resin (102) and particle-form light diffusion agent (101). The epoxy resin contains epoxy resin having poly sulfite type structure. The refractive index of the light diffusion agent and refractive index of the epoxy resin are different. The light diffusion agent is uniformly dispersed in the sheet.    USE - For substrate for solar cell and image display device and (both claimed) such as electroluminescent display and liquid crystal cell.    ADVANTAGE - The particle dispersed type resin sheet is thin and has lightweight, excellent toughness, strength and heat resistance and improved light transmittance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) substrate for image display device, which has the particle dispersed type resin sheet;    (2) image display apparatus, which has the substrate; and    (3) substrate for solar cell, which has the particle dispersed type resin sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the particle dispersed type resin sheet.    resin sheet (1)    light diffusion agent (101)    epoxy resin (102)
NOVELTY - A particle dispersion-type resin sheet (1) contains an epoxy resin (102) and an inorganic oxide (101). The epoxy resin has polysulfide-type structure and the inorganic oxide has average particle diameter of 1 nm to 100 microns.    USE - For substrate of solar cell and image display device (all claimed) such as liquid crystal display device and electroluminescent display device.    ADVANTAGE - The particle dispersion-type resin sheet has excellent heat resistance, fracture strength, light transmittance and dimensional stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) substrate for image display device, containing the particle dispersion-type resin sheet;    (2) image display apparatus having the substrate; and    (3) substrate for solar cell, containing the particle dispersion-type resin sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of particle dispersion-type resin sheet.    particle dispersion-type resin sheet (1)    inorganic oxide (101)    epoxy resin (102)
NOVELTY - A resin sheet (1) contains an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin has a polysulfide type structure.    USE - For liquid crystal cell substrate used for liquid crystal display, electroluminescence display substrate for electroluminescent display device and substrate for solar cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The resin sheet has excellent toughness, and does not break easily. The display device having high strength and excellent in weight reduction and thickness reduction, is produced using the resin sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) liquid crystal cell substrate which contains the resin sheet;    (2) liquid crystal display which contains the liquid crystal cell substrate;    (3) substrate for electroluminescence display which contains the resin sheet;    (4) electroluminescent display device which contains the substrate for electroluminescence display;    (5) substrate for solar cells, which contains the resin sheet; and    (6) solar cell which contains the substrate for solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a portion of resin sheet.    resin sheet (1)    hole (4)
NOVELTY - The filler dispersion type-resin sheet (1) consists of an epoxy-resin layer (A) (103) containing an epoxy resin (102) and a filler (101), and an epoxy-resin layer (B) (104) containing an epoxy resin and does not contain a filler. The epoxy-resin layer (B) is laminated on both surfaces of the epoxy-resin layer (A). The epoxy resin of the epoxy-resin layer (A) has a polysulfite type structure.    USE - For substrate for image display device used for image display apparatus, and for substrate of solar cell, liquid-crystal cell and electroluminescent display.    ADVANTAGE - The filler dispersion type-resin sheet has excellent heat resistance, dimensional stability, light transmittance and strength. Curvature or curl of resin sheet is suppressed. The filler dispersion type-resin sheet provides display device having reduced weight and thickness. Workability of the resin sheet is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) substrate for image display device, containing the filler dispersion type-resin sheet;    (2) image display apparatus containing the substrate for image display devices; and    (3) substrate for solar cell, containing the filler dispersion type-resin sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the resin sheet.    resin sheet (1)    filler (101)    epoxy resin (102)    resin layer (A) (103)    resin layer (B) (104)
NOVELTY - Catalyst comprises noble metal microparticles and/or base metal microparticles supported on the outer surface of an oxide nanotube.    USE - For photocatalyst (claimed), used for photoreaction, and preparation of dye-sensitized solar cell materials.    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalyst has excellent catalyst activity, contacting efficiency with light or catalyst target component, removing ability of harmful substances, deodorization effect, sterilization effect, anti-microbe effect, and antifouling effect, and is manufactured efficiently. The dye-sensitized solar cell material manufactured using the catalyst has excellent electricity production efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for;    (1) A photocatalyst; and    (2) A method of manufacture of the above catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the photocatalyst having plate surface and longitudinal axis direction of oxide nanotube oriented in parallel positions. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A reforming catalyst comprises gold and catalytic metal particles dispersed on a support material. The metal particles comprise rhodium, ruthenium, or platinum. The molar ratio of catalytic particles to gold is 15:1 - 3:2. The loading of the catalytic metal particles is 0.5 - 10 wt.% based on weight of the support material.    USE - In a catalyzed component for reforming fuel in a fuel processing system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has improved performance compared to the state-of-art catalysts that do not contain gold. The catalyst promotes reforming reactions over a wide range of temperatures and for a variety of fuels.
NOVELTY - Material for an absorber layer of copper pyrite solar cells has a melting point of near 1000degrees Celsius. Below the melting point, a phase transformation takes place, which can also be used at the same time for maximum mixed crystal formation in a desired crystal grating shape.    USE - For manufacturing thin crystalline layers produced for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Sintering occurs at around 400degrees Celsius in order to keep a desired crystal grating structure. With copper indium gallium selenium cells there is a guarantee at 950degrees Celsius that source materials and all intermediate products are reshaped into a crystal grating structure.
NOVELTY - A zwitterionic compound (A) is new.    USE - For charge carrying layer of photovoltaic cell (both claimed) such as dye sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The zwitterionic compound provides charge carrying layer having reduced charge migration within the layer. The charge carrying layer provides photovoltaic cell having improved performance and durability. Presence of zwitterionic compound in the charge carrying layer enables controlled selective ion conduction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A zwitterionic compound is of formula (A).    R2 = anionic group comprising oxygen ion (O-) or group of formula (a);    R1 = cationic heterocyclic, cationic ammonium, cationic guanidinium or cationic phosphonium group;    A = (C(R3)2)n;    n = 0 or more;    R3 = H or carbon-containing group chosen from Cx alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, Cx+1 alkenyl, Cx+1 alkynyl and/or aryl group, and carbon-containing group is optionally substituted with halo group(s);and    x = at least 1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) charge carrying layer (140), which contains the zwitterionic compound of formula (A); and    (2) photovoltaic cell (100), which comprises electrodes, and charge carrying layer provided between electrodes. The charge carrying layer comprises an electrolyte and the zwitterionic compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of photovoltaic cell having charge carrying layer containing the zwitterionic compound.    Photovoltaic cell (100)    Substrate (110)    Counter electrode (111)    Electroconductive layer (120)    Charge carrying layer (140)
NOVELTY - In hydrogen production apparatus comprising (in series) a reformer stage (1) for converting hydrocarbon gas and water into hydrogen and other products, catalyst stage(s) (2) for catalytic conversion of the reformed products and a methanation stage (3) (through which the medium flows axially) associated with a flow guidance housing (4), the housing has at least two (preferably at least three) cooling zones, having different cooling effects, arranged in series in the flow direction.    USE - For producing hydrogen, especially for use in driving fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A simple method is provided for suppressing retro-shift reactions, so that the carbon monoxide content in the reformate gas at the outlet of the methanation stage is minimized (specifically reduced to well below 100 ppm). This both reduces consumption of hydrogen by retro-shift reactions and minimizes adverse effects of carbon monoxide in fuel cells in which the hydrogen is subsequently utilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-section of hydrogen production apparatus, having a methanation stage with four cooling zones.    Reformer stage (1)    Catalyst stage (2)    Methanation stage (3)    Flow guidance housing (4)    Cooling zones (5,6,7,8)    Burner (9)    Coolant inlet (10)    Coolant outlet (11)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises two electrode layers and electrolyte in-between; first electrode interconnect for supporting the first electrode layer, and being in intimate contact with the first electrode layer; separator plate incorporating a second electrode interconnect; and compliant structure(s) between the first electrode interconnect and separator plate. The compliant structure deforms to accommodate motion in the fuel cell.    USE - As fuel cell, e.g. solid oxide fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, regenerative fuel cells, zinc air fuel cells, or protonic ceramic fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell assembly is compliant to thermal or mechanical loads at high operating temperatures. It is designed in such a way that any deformation in the fuel cell assembly at high temperatures does not create strain in the fuel cell assembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises two electrode layers and electrolyte in-between; first electrode interconnect for supporting the first electrode layer, and being in intimate contact with the first electrode layer; separator plate incorporating a second electrode interconnect for supporting the second electrode layer, the second electrode interconnect being in intimate contact with second electrode layer; and compliant structure(s) between the first electrode interconnect and separator plate. The compliant structure deforms to accommodate motion in the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage alloy capable of absorbing greater than or equal to80% of its hydrogen storage capacity within 180 seconds, desorbing greater than or equal to80% of its total hydrogen storage capacity within 180 seconds and reversibly storing greater than or equal to2.2 wt.% hydrogen at up to 110degreesC has a single phase body centered cubic (BCC) structure. It comprises 8.0-45 atomic% titanium; 5.0-75 atomic% vanadium; and 10-65 atomic% chromium.    USE - For reversible storage of hydrogen for e.g. fuel cells, portable power generation, and hydrogen internal combustion engines.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage alloy is capable of absorbing greater than or equal to80% of its hydrogen storage capacity within 30 seconds and desorbing greater than or equal to80% of its total hydrogen storage capacity within 90 seconds at up to 110degreesC. At least 85% (preferably greater than or equal to95%) of the hydrogen storage alloy reverts to a BCC crystal structure and/or a body centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure from a face centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure upon desorption of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen storage alloy reversibly stores up to 2.83 wt.% hydrogen at 90degreesC and up to 3.01 wt.% hydrogen at 110degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a hydrogen storage alloy comprising forming a hydrogen storage alloy having greater than or equal to2 elements; annealing the hydrogen storage alloy to form a single phase BCC structure; quenching the annealed hydrogen storage alloy at a cooling rate of 102-103degreesC/second; and inhibiting the formation of the oxides on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy during quenching and/or removing the oxides from the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy after quenching.
NOVELTY - Manufacturing a solar cell comprises depositing a conductive film including discrete layers of conductive materials on a substrate surface; depositing p-type semiconductor absorber layer(s) including a copper indium diselenide (CIS) based alloy material on the conductive film; depositing an n-type semiconductor layer on the p-type semiconductor absorber layer; and depositing a transparent electrically conductive top contact layer.    USE - For manufacturing a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides a large-scale manufacturing system for the economical production of thin-film copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells. High temperature toxic gases and toxic wet chemical baths are eliminated from the process. The method lowers cost by improvements in the back contact/reflection layer and the elimination of cadmium and the disposal of its toxic wastes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacturing a solar cell comprises providing a substrate; depositing a conductive film on a surface of the substrate, where the conductive film includes discrete layers of conductive materials; depositing p-type semiconductor absorber layer(s) (3) on the conductive film, where the p-type semiconductor absorber layer includes a copper indium diselenide-based alloy material; depositing an n-type semiconductor layer (4) on the p-type semiconductor absorber layer to form a p-n junction; and depositing a transparent electrically conductive top contact layer (2) on the n-type semiconductor layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a basic solar cell.    Transparent electrically conductive top contact layer (2)    Barrier layer (2a)    P-type semiconductor absorber layer (3)    N-type semiconductor layer (4)    Transparent top electrode (5)    Antireflection film layer (6)
NOVELTY - A burner heats the combustion catalysts (21,31) until the catalyst temperature is sufficient to burn the original fuel gas, after which original fuel gas is supplied to the combustion catalysts. A circulation blower (13) heats the modification catalyst (22) using the heat produced during combustion of fuel gas by combustion catalysts.    USE - Fuel reformer used to convert hydrocarbon fuel gas into hydrogen-rich reformed gas which is used by fuel cell of fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides a fuel reformer which can achieve rapidly the temperature rise of each catalyst at the time of starting.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system;    (2) operation control method of fuel reformer; and    (3) operation control method of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    burner (11)    circulation blower (13)    combustion catalysts (21,31)    modification catalysts (22)    evaporation unit (30)    heat recovery unit (33)
NOVELTY - The surface of hydrogen permeability metal layer is processed so that the metal layer with uneven surface is obtained. An electrolyte material is discharged for forming an electrolyte layer on the uneven surface of the metal layer.    USE - For manufacturing fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The contact area between the electrolyte layer and adjacent layer, and power density are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart illustrating the manufacturing process of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel reforming system has a modification unit (5), a hydrogen separation unit (7), and unit (A). The unit (5) modifies predetermined raw material, and produces reformed gas. The unit (7) has hydrogen separation membrane, which permeates hydrogen of reformed gas alternatively. The unit (A) carries out oxidation and reduction processing of at least one of modification catalyst of unit (5), and hydrogen separation membrane.    USE - For fuel cell system used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming system enables the efficient recovery of modification catalyst and hydrogen separation membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    control unit (1)    fuel injection valves (2a,2b,2c)    evaporator (4)    modifier (5)    combustor (6)    hydrogen separation membrane unit (7)    fuel cell (8)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage apparatus has a container (1) filled with nano carbon material (2). The container has hydrogen gas injection tube (5) and hydrogen gas release opening (4). The tip portion (6) of tube (5) is extended from hydrogen gas injection hole (3) of tube (5) to interior of nano carbon material, such that it is opened.    USE - For storing hydrogen used as fuel for fuel cell apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage apparatus rapidly carries out occlusion of hydrogen, and has improved operational efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The nano carbon material is fluorinated amorphous nano carbon material.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) fuel cell apparatus; and    (b) hydrogen storage method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of hydrogen storage apparatus.    container (1)    nano carbon material (2)    hydrogen gas injection hole (3)    hydrogen gas release opening (4)    hydrogen gas injection tube (5)    tip portion (6)
NOVELTY - The system has fuel control valves (16a,16b) for supplying reformation fuel to the modifiers (5a,5b) during reformation. The oxidizing agent and reducing agent are supplied to one of the lines (A,B) that connect modifiers and hydrogen separation-membrane units (7a,7b) used for separating hydrogen from reformed gas, during oxidation and reduction process.    USE - Fuel reforming system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables recovering the capability of modification catalyst or hydrogen separation membrane efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifiers (5a,5b)    Separation-membrane units (7a,7b)    Hydrogen sensor (14)    Oxygen sensor (15)    Fuel control valves (16a,16b)    Lines (A,B)
NOVELTY - A container (1) containing silicon (3) and slag (5) is inclined to less than 90 degrees and slag is removed by raking out the slag using a jig, after refinement completion and/or in the middle of refinement of silicon.    USE - For separation of slag in silicon refinement used for manufacture of high purity silicon for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The slag is efficiently removed at the time of refinement of silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The material of jig is carbon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of refinement method of silicon by slag.    container (1)    silicon (3)    impurities (boron, phosphorus) (4)    slag (5)
NOVELTY - The container has a base (1) to which a fuel modifier (9) is connected in floating state through a plate (5). A feed pipe (5a) and a discharge pipe (5b) are connected to the plate by anodic bonding.    USE - Container storing fuel modifier used in fuel reformer (claimed) for generating hydrogen gas from various fuels, in fuel cell system for portable device e.g. personal digital assistant, mobile telephone, notebook personal computer, digital camcorder, digital still camera.    ADVANTAGE - There is no need to carry out direct surface joining of reverse side of the fuel modifier, hence preventing heat transfer to the base, suppressing temperature reduction of modifier to ensure efficient electric power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the container storing fuel modifier.    Base (1)    Plate (5)    Feed pipe (5a)    Discharge pipe (5b)    Fuel modifier (9)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus (10) decreases carbon monoxide in process gas by reacting process gas with reactive gas in presence of catalyst. The apparatus has catalyst layer (1), process gas flow path, reactive gas flow path, reactive gas layer (3), and a connection portion (13) provided between layers (1,3). The connection portion supplies reactive gas to process gas in exterior of catalyst layer.    USE - For decreasing carbon monoxide contained in process gas, such as hydrogen rich gas used as fuel gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus is compact and is simply manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus (10) decreases carbon monoxide contained in a process gas by reacting process gas with a reactive gas in the presence of a catalyst. The apparatus has a catalyst layer (1), process gas flow path, a reactive gas flow path, a reactive gas layer (3) touching catalyst layer through a dividing wall portion capable of exchanging heat, and a connection portion (13) provided between catalyst layer and reactive gas layer. The catalyst layer provides catalyst to process gas flow path. The connection portion supplies reactive gas to process gas in exterior of catalyst layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of outline structure of carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst layer (1)    Reactive gas layer (3)    Reactive gas manifold (6,7)    Carbon monoxide decreasing apparatus (10)    Connection portion (13)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide removal apparatus comprises a coolant layer contacting catalyst layer (1) through dividing wall portion. A connection portion (13) to supply oxidizing agent e.g. air to hydrogen rich gas, is provided at oxidizing agent supply portion (11) integrally provided adjacent to the coolant layer.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide from fuel gas supplied to fuel cell in reformer-type fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since the oxidizing agent supply portion is integrally provided, reduces the number of components and hence reduces the size of the carbon monoxide removal apparatus and reduces the number of manufacturing steps.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the carbon monoxide removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst layer (1)    Coolant manifold (6,7)    Oxidizing agent supply portion (11)    Connection portion (13)
NOVELTY - The honeycomb support (1) supports the catalyst which carries out dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of an organic hydride. The support has cell number of 45-310 cell/cm2. The ratio of diameter to depth length of organic hydride inlet is 0.1-0.5.    USE - For supporting catalyst used in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation apparatus of organic hydride (claimed), such as n -hexane, for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The support provides a compact and clean hydrogenation and dehydrogenation apparatus of reduced size and weight. Stable supply of hydrogen produced during dehydrogenation to fuel cell is enabled. The dehydrogenated product can be further used as fuel for internal combustion engine, gasoline engine, diesel engine, hydrogen fueled engine and fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dehydrogenation and hydrogenation apparatus of organic hydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline block diagram of honeycomb support. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    honeycomb support (1)    coat layer (2)    metal catalyst layer (3)
NOVELTY - The short-circuit control element (3) includes an insulation oxide layer (11) formed on a conductive layer (10) of negative electrode terminal (102) of a cell. The insulation oxide layer is removed, if the voltage between the positive electrode terminal (100) and negative electrode terminal exceeds a preset range.    USE - For use in bipolar battery (claimed) in battery pack (claimed) in battery module (claimed) used for motor vehicles (claimed), hybrid vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since a short-circuit element is provided between the positive and/or negative poles of a cell, utilization of a special control apparatus is eliminated, thereby a simple structure with reduced cost and high quality is obtained. The short-circuit control element is connected in parallel for every cell, therefore when abnormality arises in one of a cell layer, the cell layer is short-circuited, and the bad influence on another cell layer is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) bipolar battery;    (2) battery pack;    (3) battery module; and    (4) vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the short-circuit control element.    element (1)    short-circuit control element (3)    conductive layers (10,14)    insulation oxide layer (11)    positive electrode terminal (100)    negative electrode terminal (102)
NOVELTY - A square-shaped casing (12) has a electric deionization apparatus (4) and a preprocessor which are disposed and connected in parallel. The decarboxylation apparatus (30), fluorine adsorption device (70,72,74), metal adsorption device (80,82), water pump (62) and pump controlling apparatus, are arranged inside the casing in the upstream side of deionization apparatus.    USE - E.g. for treating water from fuel cell e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cell and phosphoric acid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides compact fuel cell water treatment apparatus used in locations with high temperatures. Removes fluorine fully from the water, thereby preventing the deterioration of ion exchanger of electric deionization apparatus. Also the fuel cell waste water is stably processed over long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell water treatment apparatus having the fluorine and metal adsorption devices. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    electric deionization apparatus (4)    casing (12)    decarboxylation apparatus (30)    water pump (62)    fluorine adsorption device (70,72,74)    metal adsorption device (80,82)
NOVELTY - Liquid-fuel battery consists of a fuel electrode comprising a catalyst layer, an oxidizing agent electrode comprising a catalyst layer, a unit cell (15) comprising a hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte film pinched and supported by poles, and a liquid supply portion (11). The battery uses a liquid containing a fuel.    USE - In battery pack (claimed) as fuel cell, e.g. direct methanol type fuel cell, used as electric power source of small portable apparatuses, e.g. mobile telephones and notebook personal computers, motor vehicles, and ancillary equipment, e.g. solution-sending pumps, control equipment, and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid-fuel battery has high energy density and excellent electric-power-generation characteristics, and uses even high concentration liquid fuel. There is only a little performance decrement by the crossover overvoltage of a fuel. The polymeric electrolyte film has excellent proton conductivity, methanol interruption property, chemical and thermal stability, and handleability. The battery is lightweight and compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid is a methanol aqueous solution. The hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte film consists of a sulfonic-acid-group-containing polyphenylene sulfide. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for battery pack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the principal portion of the liquid-fuel battery.    liquid supply portion (11)    liquid permeation portion (12)    oxidizing-agent flow path (13)    separator (14)    unit cell (15)
NOVELTY - A dye-sensitized solar cell has electrode having a porous semiconductor layer which supports a sensitizing dye provided on a transparent electroconductive substrate, an electroconductive counter electrode, and a gel-form electrolyte. Electrolyte contains a host polymer and oxidation-reduction pair. The host polymer contains a polymer compound cross-linked by chemical reaction of oxetane group or alicyclic epoxy group.    USE - As dye sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The dye-sensitized solar cell has excellent stability at high temperature. The gel-form electrolyte has excellent heat resistance, and melting of gel at high temperature is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dye-sensitized solar cell has an electrode having a porous semiconductor layer which supports a sensitizing dye provided on a transparent electroconductive substrate, an electroconductive counter electrode, and a gel-form electrolyte. The gel-form electrolyte contains a host polymer and oxidation-reduction pair. The host polymer contains a polymer compound of formula (1), which is cross-linked by chemical reaction of oxetane group or alicyclic epoxy group.    R1, R3 = H or 1-3C alkyl group;    R2 = 1-6C alkyl, hydroxy alkyl group or alkylene oxide group;    R4 = 1-6C alkyl group having oxetane group or alicyclic epoxy group at the terminal; and    m, n = 100-1000.
NOVELTY - A catalyst carrying electrode has a catalyst layer which is in contact with an electrolyte layer. The catalyst layer contains a metal carrying catalyst in which the catalyst metal is supported by electroconductive metal oxide.    USE - Used for polymer-type fuel cells (claimed) used as power supplies for electric vehicles, and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The release of catalyst metal from the catalyst carrying electrode is suppressed. The corrosion resistance of the electroconductive metal oxide support is improved. The electric power generation capability of the fuel cell is maintained for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electroconductive metal oxide contains indium oxide, tin oxide, and/or titanium oxide as a substrate. The metal catalyst is selected from platinum, iridium, silver and/or palladium.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) the manufacture of a metal carrying catalyst; and    (2) a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The gas sensor element has an ion exchange membrane, pinched between a gas detection electrode and a counter electrode. The ion exchange membrane is anion exchange membrane having hydroxy ionic conductivity.    USE - For electrochemical-type gas sensor (claimed) used for detecting harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and ammonia.    ADVANTAGE - The gas sensor element is stably used for prolonged period, and enables effective detection of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and ammonia.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrochemical-type gas sensor.
NOVELTY - 9-substituted acridinium salt is obtained by coupling an electron donating group to 9-position of an acridinium ion optionally having a substituent.    USE - For photocatalyst (claimed) used as light energy transformation catalyst for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - 9-substituted acridinium salt and the photocatalyst have high energy and durable electron transfer state. The photocatalyst has high charge separation durability compared with the conventional photosynthetic reaction center model molecule.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for photocatalyst consisting of 9-substituted acridinium salt.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is desorbed from hydrogenated derivative of an aromatic compound, to generate hydrogen gas and aromatic compound. The obtained hydrogen gas and aromatic compound are compressed such that the aromatic compound contained in hydrogen gas is reduced to a value less than the desired value, a portion of the aromatic compound is removed to purify the hydrogen gas and thus the hydrogen gas is manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen gas for fuel cell of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient manufacture of hydrogen of improved purity. Reliable supply of hydrogen is enabled using the compact hydrogen supply system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen supply system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the profile of the hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    compression units (20,40)    storage units (30,50)    raw material tank (100)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor dense layer (5) formed on a transparent electrode (3) on a transparent base material (1), contains a component to control the refractive index of the semiconductor dense layer. The refractive index of the dense layer is adjusted to be within 1.9-2.5. The thickness of semiconductor dense layer which is charcoal layer containing titanium oxide is within 3-100 nm.    USE - Electrode board for dye sensitized solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Increases light utilization efficiency. Prevents generation of short circuit by surface of porous semiconductor electrode and electrolyte. Enhances photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) electrode board manufacturing method; and    (2) dye sensitized solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the electrode board for dye sensitized solar cells.    transparent base material (1)    transparent electrode (3)    semiconductor dense layer (5)    semiconductor electrode (7)    semiconductor micro particles (7a)    dyes (9)    electrode board (10)
NOVELTY - A device for the reduction of polluting emissions from a vehicle incorporating a heat engine (13) treats the exhaust gas with a catalyser (11, 12). The vehicle is also equipped with a fuel cell (1) and a heating system for the catalyser. The catalyser is heated using a part at least of the power generated by the fuel cell.    USE - The device is used to reduce the polluting emissions from a vehicle with a heat engine of which the exhaust gas is treated by a catalyser, the vehicle also being equipped with a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a device that allows much more rapid reheating of the catalyser in a manner to considerably reduce the emission of polluting gas during the vehicle starting phase.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a diagram of a battery mounted on a vehicle associated according to the invention with a priming catalyser for a heat engine. (Drawing includes some non-English language text).    Fuel cell; (1)    Vehicle electrical equipment; (2, 3, 4)    Hydrogen reformer; (5)    vehicle fuel; (6)    Burner; (7)    Heat exchanger; (8)    Compressor; (9)    Control unit; (10)    Catalysers; (11, 12)    Heat engine; (13)    Hot gas from burner; (14)    Electro-valve. (15)
NOVELTY - The ion exchange membrane (20) has single piece of material (22) with mutually asymmetric lattice patterns (24, 30) formed on its either sides (28, 32). Each lattice pattern has a corresponding recesses (26, 34) that extend through the material, to define flow passageway.    USE - Supporting ion exchange membrane used in proton exchange membrane hydrogen generators by water electrolysis and fuel cell technology. Also used for electrochemical compressor and separator, and electrochemical reactor for hydrogen peroxide production.    ADVANTAGE - The ion exchange support withstands force associated with pressure differentials within such an arrangement that allows adequate exchange and resists creep to avoid deformation of the membrane to the point of failure. Also the single-piece design greatly reduces or eliminates any differential movement.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for membrane support manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show the upper and lower sides of ion exchange support.    support (20)    single piece of material (22)    lattice patterns (24, 30)    recesses (26, 34)    sides of support (28, 32)
NOVELTY - The invention provides production method of core component of proton interchange film full cell. The characteristic is to chemical reduct presoma salt of catalytic agent in aqueous solution of sulphonic acid type negative ion polymer with proton conducting ability to obtain ion modified nanometer catalytic agent particles, then to transfer ion modified nano catalytic agent particles to proton interchange film by method of brushing, ink-jet printing or transferring, or to fully mix ion modified nano catalytic agent and ethanediol, then to transfer it to proton interchange film or to static electricity self assembly positive ion polymer on proton interchange film at first, then to soak the proton interchange film processed by positive ion polymer to aqueous dispersing liquid of ion modified nanocatalytic agent to obtain core component used for proton interchange film fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The invention provides prepn. method of new type hybridized electrode used for dye sensitized nano crystal thin film solar battery. The hybridized electrode consists of sputtering depositing layer and nano titanium dioxide layer. The sputtering depositing layer is deposited on conducting layer of conductive glass by reaction DC magnetic sputtering method has good roughness. The invention is beneficial to increase photoelectric parameter of dye sensitized nano crystal solar battery and photoelectric transform effect of solar battery.
NOVELTY - An arylamine compound is new.    USE - For films for electronic device (claimed), e.g. organic light emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, lighting, photodiodes, sensors, or thin film transistors.    ADVANTAGE - The compound is capable of forming oligomers and polymers containing large amounts of conjugated unsaturation, thus resulting in improved charge transport properties. Oligomers and polymers resulting from crosslinking compositions comprising the compounds have reduced ionization potential and improved conductivity. The compound is capable of forming crosslinked, solvent resistant films for use as interlayers in electroluminescent devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New arylamine compound is of formula (I), Z-(Ar-NX)n-Ar-(NX-Ar)n'-Z.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an oligomer or polymer having repeating group(S) of formula Z'-(Ar-NX')n-Ar-(NX'-Ar)n'-Z' (Ia); and    (2) a process for preparing oligomers or polymers, comprising heating a composition comprising compound (I) under reaction conditions to form an oligomer or polymer.    Ar = divalent aromatic group(s), and optionally two Ar groups separated by a single NX group may be joined together by a second covalent bond or by a bridging group to form a fused multiple ring system;    X = inert substituent or cross-linkable group;    Z = H or leaving group;    n = 1 or 2;    n' = 0-2;    X' = X or divalent crosslinked remnant formed by addition polymerization of a crosslinkable X group;    Z' = Z, covalent bond, or terminal group formed by replacement or reaction of leaving group.    In least one occurrence in the compound, X is a crosslinkable group.
NOVELTY - Storing gases comprises contacting a gas with an electrochemically produced metal-organic framework material that adsorbs the gas under certain conditions and releases the gas when the conditions are altered.    USE - The process is especially useful for storing gases for use in fuel cells. The fuel cells are especially useful in power plants, motor vehicles (preferably automobiles, heavy goods vehicles and buses) and wireless electronic applications (preferably mobile telephones and laptop computers).    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemically produced metal-organic framework material has a high gas storage capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) gas-containing metal-organic framework (MOF) material produced as above;    (2) container containing the MOF material;    (3) fuel cell containing the MOF material or container;    (4) system or application comprising the MOF material or fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A direct organic fuel cell comprises a fluid fuel comprising formic acid; an anode (12) to which the fluid fuel is directed, and having an electrocatalyst comprising palladium nanoparticles; a fluid oxidant; a cathode (16) to which the fluid oxidant is directed, and electrically connected to the anode; and an electrolyte (14) between the anode and the cathode.    USE - For converting a free energy change resulting from a fuel oxidation reaction into electrical energy. It can be used as battery replacement. It is used in mini- and microelectronics, automotive engines and other transportation power generators, and power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The novel cell solves the problems of carbon monoxide poisoning the catalysts. It has adequate power levels that run many commonly used devices. It shows favorable suitability for use in power applications. It can be of particular utility in mini- or microelectronic device applications. The open cell voltage of the fuel cell is higher than that of conventional fuel cells, so power management is easier. The voltage efficiency of the fuel cell is also higher than that of the conventional fuel cells. The higher open cell voltage and the voltage efficiency can be employed to power a wide range of devices than the existing organic fuel cells. In addition, achieving the higher open cell voltage and the voltage efficiency is more cost effective in the above cell, since the palladium catalysts are generally less expensive than platinum-containing catalysts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electro-oxidation catalyst for use in the above direct organic acid fuel cell, comprising palladium nanoparticles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above direct organic fuel cell that uses a palladium-based electrocatalyst.    Anode (12)    Electrolyte (14)    Cathode (16)    Anode enclosure (18)    Cathode enclosure (20)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell catalyst layer comprises carbon-containing particles; and a moiety covalently bound to the carbon-containing particles. The catalyst layer has a hydrophobicity that is greater than a hydrophobicity of the carbon-containing particles.    USE - Used in fuel cell system, e.g. proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, direct alcohol fuel cell, or direct-feed liquid fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst layer exhibits enhanced hydrophobicity, and has increase ability to repel water, thus reducing the likelihood and/or degree of flooding (e.g. when the fuel cell is used at a high current density). Thus, it provides fuel cell with better performance and relatively long useful lifetime.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a fuel cell system (100) comprising a first fuel cell flow plate (110); a second fuel cell flow plate (120); an electrolyte (130) between the first and second fuel cell flow plates; and a fuel cell catalyst layer (140, 150) between the first fuel cell flow plate and the electrolyte; and    (b) producing a fuel cell catalyst layer by covalently bonding carbon-containing particles with a moiety to provide the fuel cell catalyst layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cell.    Fuel cell system (100)    Plate (110, 120)    Electrolyte (130)    Catalyst layer (140, 150)    Diffusion layer (160, 170)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage composite material, comprises magnesium-nickel based alloy; and a coating of a catalytically active metal deposited on portion of a surface of the alloy. The coating is less than 200 Angstrom thick. The composite material is capable of adsorbing greater than or equal to3 wt.% hydrogen and desorbing greater than or equal to1 wt.% hydrogen at 30degreesC.    USE - The composite material is used for storing hydrogen useful as e.g. fuel for internal-combustion engines in place of hydrocarbons. Hydrogen may also be used to fuel hydrogen-air fuel cells for production of the electricity needed for electric motors.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage composite material provides for a high storage capacity of up to 4.86 wt.% hydrogen with a high adsorption rate at temperatures as low as 30degreesC and an absorption pressure of less than 150 psi. The composite materials are light weight and absorb greater than or equal to3 wt.% in less than 2 minutes at 30degreesC. The composite materials also have the ability to fully desorb the stored hydrogen at as low as 250degreesC, and can desorb 2.51 wt.% of the stored hydrogen at 90degreesC and 1.2 wt.% at 30degreesC. These materials are relatively inexpensive and easy to produce, and can eliminate atmospheric pollution through the formation of oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur upon combustion of the hydrocarbons.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen storage alloy comprising magnesium-nickel (Mg-Ni) based alloy having a microstructure including a both a Mg-rich phase and a Ni-rich phase. The microstructure further includes micro-tubes having an inner core of Ni-rich material surrounded by a sheathing of Mg-rich material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an illustrative drawing of the microstructure of a composite material.
NOVELTY - A fuel supply for a fuel cell comprises outer casing (12) encasing an inner liner (14) containing fuel; and first valve component comprising a valve body (30) and slidable body inside the valve body, where the slidable body is biased toward a valve seat surface (40) to seal the valve component and can be moved away from the valve seat surface to open the valve component. The inner liner is made from a fluorinated polymer.    USE - For a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel supply for fuel cells is compatible with methanol.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an enlarged view of the nozzle portion of the fuel supply.    Outer casing (12)    Liner (14)    Nozzle (18)    Valve body (30)    Valve seat surface (40)
NOVELTY - A vacuum lamination device comprises a base plate for placing a lamination member with a first uneven portion on its surface contacting the lamination member, a frame member with discharge port and fixed to the base plate and a cover member disposed above base plate and frame member (12) for forming and hermetically sealing processing space. A gaseous material in the processing space is evacuated through the discharge portion in the lamination.    USE - For laminating a lamination member i.e. solar cell module, by evacuating the processing space through the discharge port while heating the processing space (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention ensures the evacuation layer between the lamination member and the base plate without providing a specific evacuation layer member, thus degassing the lamination member with the simple structure and reducing manufacturing cost of the vacuum lamination device. It is possible to eliminate an evacuation layer member having low thermal conductivity between the base plate and the lamination member, thus improving the heating efficiency. It prevents regular reflection and obtains an excellent appearance. It does not slip when transferred with rollers. It manufactures solar cell module having improved heating efficiency with low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a vacuum lamination device.    Base plate (11)    Uneven portion (11a)    Frame members (12)    Discharge port (12h)    Cover member (14)
NOVELTY - A sulfonic acid group containing polymer comprises substituent having terminal sulfonic acid group at side chain. The terminal sulfonic acid group has structure (I).    USE - For use in making fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has high ionic conductivity and good structural stability. It does not decompose even under low humidity condition. It is inexpensive to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A sulfonic acid group containing polymer comprises substituent having terminal sulfonic acid group of structure (I) at side chain.    n = 1-5    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for preparing polymer with substituent comprising providing hyper-branch to side chain of polymer with hydroxy group through one pot reaction of bromomethyl dihydroxybenzene with benzyl bromide, and substituting hydrogen atom of hyper-branch with sulfonic acid group.
NOVELTY - A solar cell module (601) comprises a photovoltaic element and a covering arranged on a non-light-receiving face side of the photovoltaic element and comprising flame resistive fiber. The surface of the non-light-receiving face side of the solar cell module has the flame resistive layer and the surface of the flame resistive layer has the water-absorption preventing layer.    USE - For a photovoltaic power-generating apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive module has improved performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a method for storing the solar cell module, comprising storing the solar cell module in a state of winding the module in the length direction when it is transported or kept;    (2) an installing method for a solar cell module, comprising fixing the solar cell module to a roof substrate or an external wall by a fixing member;    (3) a construction comprising a solar cell module, in which the solar cell module is fixed to a trestle, a roof substrate, or an external wall by a fixing member; and    (4) photovoltaic power-generating apparatus comprising the solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a perspective view of a test of fire protection performance.    Solar cell module (601)    Torch (602)
NOVELTY - The temperature of steam generator (2) in the modifier (3), is estimated using a thermometer (19) based on which the modified steam water flow rate is controlled.    USE - For flow rate control of modified steam water in fuel cell based electric power generator using polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC).    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for using a water flowmeter and pressure change measurement of water pump, thereby the easy and precise flow control is achieved without any time dependent interference or operation error.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic outline of fuel cell based electric power generator.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    steam generator (2)    modifier (3)    fuel cell (6)    controller (13)    thermometer (19)
NOVELTY - A portion of the exhaust gas burnt by electric power generation module, is branched and recirculated to fuel gas feed pipe. The recirculated gas is mixed with the hydrocarbon gas fuel by predetermined ratio in the mixing apparatus and the mixed gas fuel is supplied to the electric power generation module.    USE - For modifying hydrocarbon gas fuel used for fuel cell in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deposition of carbon from hydrocarbon gas effectively. Enables convenient modification of fuel using simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph between the carbon deposition amount and the recirculation amount of exhaust gas. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A mixer (123) mixes water vapor to obtain raw material water vapor mixture. A reformation unit (1) performs steam-reformation of waste gas with reaction heat obtained by oxidation of mixture, to generate hydrogen-rich reformed gas. The reformed gas is supplied to fuel cell (300) through carbon monoxide decreasing unit (3) and heat exchangers (12a,16,17). The anode waste gas from fuel cell is recycled by recycle unit (122).    USE - For supplying hydrogen-rich reformed gas used as fuel in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables recycling anode waste gas emitted from fuel cell as source gas effectively, hence miniaturization of highly precise steam reforming system is achieved with high reliability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process flow diagram of the auto-oxidation internal heating type steam reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformation unit (1)    water vapor generator (2)    carbon monoxide decreasing unit (3)    heat exchangers (12a,16,17)    pipe (105)    recycle unit (122)    mixer (123)    fuel cell (300)
NOVELTY - Coke oven gas is reacted with water vapor and steam reformed. The reformed gas containing carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is obtained. The amount of hydrogen in the gas is adjusted and reacted with the aromatic compound to obtain organic compound and hydrogenated aromatic compound. The liquid aromatic compound is supplied such that the moist surface of the catalyst in the heated state is dried repeatedly.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogenated aromatic compound and organic compound used as storage-transportation medium of hydrogen for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The deactivation of the catalyst is suppressed by employing the hydrogen adjustment process even when hydrocarbon-containing gas consisting of catalyst poisoning components is used. The hydrogenated aromatic compound enables to perform storage and transportation of hydrogen safely and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Coke oven gas obtained by heat processing coal or its dry distillation product is reacted with water vapor and steam reformed. The reformed gas containing carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is obtained. The amount of hydrogen in the gas is adjusted and reacted with the aromatic compound to obtain organic compound and hydrogenated aromatic compound. The liquid aromatic compound is supplied such that the moist surface of the catalyst in the heated state is dried repeatedly.
NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon raw material containing sulfur is desulfurized using desulfurizing agent containing a support carrying metal component containing nickel. The desulfurization is carried out such that the operating temperature (Tope), operating pressure (Pope) and 50% distillation temperature (T50) satisfies specified relation.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen used for fuel cell system (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The sulfur content in hydrocarbon is removed efficiently over long period of time even if it is contained in low concentration. The modification catalyst for hydrogen manufacture is functioned effectively using the desulfurizing method, and the lifetime of the modification catalyst is extended.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrocarbon raw material containing sulfur is desulfurized using desulfurizing agent containing a support carrying metal component containing nickel. The desulfurization is carried out such that the operating temperature (Tope), operating pressure (Pope) and 50% distillation temperature (T50) obtained by normal pressure method distillation-test method measured according to JISK2254 petroleum product distillation test method satisfies the relations: 1.06xPope0.44 less than Tope/T50 less than 1.78xPope0.22; and Topeat least230.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of hydrogen which involves desulfurizing the hydrocarbon raw material followed by modification; and    (2) fuel cell system using the hydrogen manufactured by desulfurization.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows TPR (temperature programmed reduction) profile of the desulfurizing agent (reduction before processing).
NOVELTY - The desulfurizing agent has a support carrying a metal component. 80% or more of metal component is of metal state, and has metal crystalline diameter of 4 nm.    USE - For removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon raw material and/or oxygen content hydrocarbon raw material, for manufacture of hydrogen used for fuel cell system (all claimed) used in motor vehicles and non-commercial use. Also for desulfurization of town gas to which odorization agent which consists of sulfur compound is added.    ADVANTAGE - The sulfur content in a hydrocarbon raw material and/or oxygen content hydrocarbon raw material, is efficiently removed. The desulfurizing agent has improved lifetime. The catalyst of modifier can be maintained at a high active state over long period of time and hydrogen is manufactured efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) desulfurization of hydrocarbon raw material and/or oxygen content hydrocarbon raw material at -40 to 300 degrees C;    (2) manufacture of hydrogen for fuel cell by desulfurizing the hydrocarbon raw material and/or oxygen content hydrocarbon raw material, and modifying; and    (3) fuel cell system using hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows TPR profile of desulfurizing agent before reduction processing.
NOVELTY - A pyrrolidinium salt (I) is new.    USE - For electrolyte composition used for optoelectric transducer for photogalvanic cell (all claimed) such as dye sensitizing solar cell. Electrolyte composition is also used for reaction solvent such as chemical reaction and metal plating, and as liquid electrolyte of electrochemical element such as charge coupled device camera, lithium secondary battery, sensor, display element and recording element.    ADVANTAGE - The pyrrolidinium salt provides electrolyte composition, which provides optoelectric transducer having high photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A pyrrolidinium salt is of formula (I).    R1 = 1-4C hydrocarbon group;    R2 = group of formula: -(CR3R4-CR5R6-O)n-R7;    R3-R7 = H or 1-4C alkyl group;    n = 1-10;and    A- = anion.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) electrolyte composition, which contains the pyrrolidinium salt;    (2) optoelectric transducer (6), which has photoelectrode (1), electric charge carrying layer (3) and counter electrode (4), which consists of conductive layer and photosensitive layer (2). The electric charge carrying layer contains the electrolyte composition; and    (3) photogalvanic cell, which is formed using the optoelectric transducer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    photoelectrode (1)    photosensitive layer (2)    electric charge carrying layer (3)    counter electrode (4)    optoelectric transducer (6)
NOVELTY - A pressure vessel (1) includes a gas inlet and discharge ports (5, 12), Tammann tubes (10) with mixing conductivity solid electrolyte installed on manifold board (11) in rectification box (6). A perforated panel (8) in box supplies gas from gas chamber (7) to Tammann tubes in vertical direction. The gas from Tammann tubes are discharged to discharge port through perforated panel (9) provided at opposing surface of gas chamber.    USE - Used for controlling gas flow in deoxygenation apparatus and diaphragm reactors.    ADVANTAGE - Performs gas flow between multiple Tammann tubes efficiently and hence improves the gas flow efficiency thereby improving the deoxygenation efficiency and reactor yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the separation furnace in deoxygenation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    pressure vessel (1)    gas inlet and discharge ports (5,12)    rectification box (6)    gas chamber (7)    perforated panels (8,9)    manifold board (11)
NOVELTY - The supply units (6,7) supply warming-up material and modification raw material to a catalyst portion (3) through a flow-path separation-wall (12). A heat insulation space (10) is arranged at the boundary portion of the catalyst portions (3,4), to suppress the heat conduction between the catalyst portions.    USE - For generating reformed gas containing hydrogen, from hydrocarbon fuel for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the warming-up time of raw material, rapidly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    catalyst portions (3,4)    raw material supply units (6,7)    heat insulation space (10)    flow-path separation-wall (12)
NOVELTY - The replaceable containers (1a,1b) have an adsorption agent which adsorbs siloxane compound from a gas supplied by inlet pipe (6). An outlet pipe (10) ejects the gas treated by containers to exterior. A pipe (9) connects the containers mutually in series. The inlet selector valves (2a,2b,4a,4b) and outlet selector valves (3a,3b,5a,5b) for switching flow of gas to/from each container, are provided in refiner (20).    USE - Refiner of siloxane-compound containing gas such as sewage-sludge digestion gas, used to produce refined gas for supply to power generation equipment e.g. for fuel cell, gas engine, micro gas turbine (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adsorption agent is utilized effectively as the downstream-side container serves as the upstream-side container, till a new container replaces the replaceable upstream-side container. The switching of the flow paths connected to the container is performed easily by operating the valves, after the container exchange operation, without the use of skilled personnel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the refiner. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Containers (1a,1b)    Inlet selector valves (2a,2b,4a,4b)    Outlet selector valves (3a,3b,5a,5b)    Inlet pipe (6)    Pipe (9)    Outlet pipe (10)    Refiner (20)
NOVELTY - Condensing type solar cell (13) comprises a top solar cell with an emitter layer whose thickness is 0.1 micrometer. The sheet resistance of the emitter layer and window layer is 200 ohm/square or less, and the interval of the grid electrode installed in the light receiving surface is 0.15 mm or less.    USE - Condensing type solar cell used in compound semiconductor solar cell for spacecraft devices e.g. satellite.    ADVANTAGE - High photoelectric conversion efficiency and effective space utilization are ensured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: compound semiconductor solar cell manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top elevation view of the compound semiconductor solar cell.    non-condensing type solar cell (12)    condensing type solar cell (13)    compound semiconductor solar cell (14)
NOVELTY - The organic solar cell has laminate of transparent electrode, organic photoconductive medium layer and an anode. The transparent electrode contains zinc oxide thin film on a substrate.    USE - For information appliances, information and communication fields as multiplex-transmission reception, in energy fields, such as electronic power generation and supply, de-fossil fuel, high-speed optical communication, portable electronic device, and environmental field in health administration.    ADVANTAGE - The organic solar cell has high efficiency, stability, durability and flexibility.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of structure of organic solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The semiconductor element comprises a protective film (130) having nonlinear resistance characteristic formed between edge portions of a transparent thin p-type electrode (110) and a n-type electrode (140).    USE - E.g. light emitting element such as semiconductor laser and light emitting diode, light receiving element, solar cell and transistor.    ADVANTAGE - Semiconductor element with excellent electrostatic voltage withstand property is realized, while improving manufacturing yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the light emitting element.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    sapphire substrate (101)    n-type semiconductor layer (105)    p-type electrode (110)    protective film (130)    n-type electrode (140)
NOVELTY - The solar cell is formed at the surface of the p-type semiconductor layer (14) consisting of a compound of copper (Cu), indium (In) and sulfur (S). An alloy layer (22) made of copper and indium is formed at the other side of the p-type semiconductor layer.    USE - Compound semiconductor solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides the solar cell with improved conversion efficiency of converting the incident light energy to electrical energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of compound semiconductor solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing illustrating the manufacture of the solar cell.    substrate (10)    electrode films (12)    p-type semiconductor layer (14)    n-type semiconductor layer (16)    alloy layer (22)
NOVELTY - The light reception surfaces of the polycrystal semiconductor substrate (1) are etched using the alkaline solution and using acid solution to form rough surface. The pn junction is formed at the substrate by forming the impurity layer (5) on substrate, and the electrodes (13,15) are formed at light reception surface and rear surface of substrate respectively, after preset time.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction of reflectance, by simple technique.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polycrystal semiconductor substrate manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the solar cell.    substrate (1)    impurity layer (5)    p+ layer (11)    electrodes (13,14)
NOVELTY - A dielectric film (2) is formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate (1). A coating layer (4) is formed on the surface electrode (3) formation area of the semiconductor substrate. The dielectric film positioned at the electrode formation area is removed after etching the semiconductor substrate by setting the dielectric film as a mask.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell e.g. silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the leak current and ohmic loss by forming flat electrodes. Hence photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains a manufacturing process of a solar cell.    semiconductor substrate (1)    dielectric film (2)    surface electrode (3)    coating layer (4)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor film contains zinc oxide, pigment, and binder as main component.    USE - For photoelectrode of photoelectric cells (claimed) such as dye sensitizing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor film has high flexibility and is formed continuously at low temperature. Since the zinc oxide is adsorbed with pigment, separate dyeing process is not required during the semiconductor film formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The binder contains carboxy methylcellulose as main component. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) semiconductor film laminate material; and    (2) coating material for semiconductor film preparation.
NOVELTY - A heat pump circuit consists of a main heat exchanger (2) provided at the reverse side of a solar cell panel (1) and a sub-heat exchanger (3) which is connected to a thermal storage tank (5). A heating unit heats the panel using the heat stored by the thermal storage tank.    USE - Solar power system used for generating electric power with heat pump circuit also for use in air conditioner and water heater, industrial heating and cooling device.    ADVANTAGE - Since the main and sub-heat exchangers are operated as an evaporator and a condenser, respectively, when the electric-power generation output of the panel is more than a preset value, heat energy is stored in the thermal storage tank. Since the stored heat energy is used to heat the panel, when the power generation output of the panel is less than the preset value, the power generation efficiency of the panel is improved when the panel is at a low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of solar power system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the heat pump circuit of the solar power system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar cell panel (1)    Main heat exchanger (2)    Sub heat exchanger (3)    Indoor heat exchanger (4)    Thermal storage tank (5)
NOVELTY - A glass raw material feedstock having complex oxide of silicon, aluminum, boron, and magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, and/or zinc is prepared. The feedstock is melted in a smelter (2) using high zirconia group refractories. The molten glass is supplied to a molding apparatus (5) at supply path in which one portion is formed using platinum or platinum alloy, and molded to a predetermined shape to obtain an alkali-free glass.    USE - For manufacture of alkali-free glass used for flat display substrate, such as liquid crystal substrate and electroluminescent display substrate (claimed) used for monitor of personal computer, television, car and digital camera, and for glass substrate material for image sensor of charge coupled device and solid-state image pick-up, and for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The alkali-free glass is stably manufactured with favorable clarity, low density, low expansion, high strain point, excellent thermal shock resistance and reduced curvature, for long period of time. The contamination of glass by elution of zirconia is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A glass raw material feedstock having compositional formula: SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-RO, where RO is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, and/or zinc oxide is prepared. The feedstock is melted in a smelter using high zirconia group refractories. The molten glass is supplied to a molding apparatus at supply path in which one portion is formed using platinum or platinum alloy, and molded to a predetermined shape to obtain an alkali free glass. The raw material further contains titanium oxide and lead oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the glass manufacturing equipment. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    glass manufacturing equipment (1)    smelter (2)    clarification tank (3)    equalizing tank (4)    molding apparatus (5)
NOVELTY - The silicon solar cell manufacturing method involves a rear boron diffusion step for diffusion treatment of boron at the rear of the substrate, a frontal phosphor diffusion step for diffusing in phosphor at the front of the substrate after the boron diffusion step and low temperature tempering of the substrate at 600 deg. C or lower for 1 hour or more.    USE - For manufacturing a silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has a charge carrier operating life close to that of the original substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the inventive silicon solar cell manufacturing method (Drawing includes non-English text)
NOVELTY - Method for electrochemical preparation of a crystalline, porous organometallic framework material (A) that comprises at least one bidentate organic compound (I) that is coordinatively bound to at least one metal ion (M), in a reaction medium containing (I). The new feature is that at least one M is generated in the medium by oxidizing an anode of the appropriate metal.    USE - (A) is used (a) as storage medium for liquids and/or gases, most preferably methane for use in fuel cells (e.g. for powering vehicles, mobile telephones or lap top computers) and (b) as catalyst, pigment, sensor or conductor (of electricity or ions).    ADVANTAGE - Unlike known methods of producing (A), this process avoids use of nitrate anion (liable to cause spontaneous decomposition) or halide ions (liable to corrode the equipment); also it produces a higher solids content (at least 0.5wt.%) in the reaction medium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for (A) prepared by the new method.
NOVELTY - Producing calcium hydride during electrolysis of calcium hydroxide solution comprises generating high-temperature steam to dissociate calcium hydroxide into calcium cations, which migrate to cathode, and OH ions, which migrate to anode comprising oxide layer on tube with perforations through which oxygen absorbed by solid oxide layer is extracted into tube, while H atoms released by dissociation of OH ions react with Ca atoms.    USE - Producing calcium hydride, e.g. useful as a hydrogen storage medium for releasing hydrogen when required, e.g. for electricity generation in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing calcium hydride during electrolysis of an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution comprises heating calcium hydroxide by passing a heat carrier through tubes inside the electrolysis reactor, repeatedly injecting water heated to at least 860degreesC through jets into the reactor, which generates high-temperature steam for dissociating the calcium hydroxide into calcium cations, which migrate to the reactor wall serving as the cathode, and hydroxide anions, which migrate to an anode comprising a solid oxide layer deposited on a tube with a closed base and perforations through which oxygen absorbed by the solid oxide layer is extracted into the internal cavity of the tube, while hydrogen atoms released by dissociation of the hydroxide ions react with calcium atoms to form calcium hydride on the wall of the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows apparatus for carrying out the above process.    Water jets (11)    Reactor (13)    Anode (16)    Heat exchange tube (20)    High-temperature electrolyzer (21)    Oxygen accumulator (23)    Hydrogen accumulator (25)    Hydrogen burner (27)    Cathode. (35)
NOVELTY - A molybdenum component chosen from ammonium dimolybdate salt and/or molybdenum trioxide is placed in a furnace, heated under reducing atmosphere at less than 700degreesC, and high purity molybdenum dioxide powder (MoO2) is obtained.    USE - For manufacture of high purity molybdenum dioxide powder used to make plate used as sputtering target, and thin film used in optical display device, light emitting diode (all claimed), liquid crystal display, plasma display panel, field emission display, thin film solar cell and semiconductor devices, discs and slabs.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film formed using the high purity molybdenum dioxide powder has excellent transparency, conductivity, work function, uniformity, and surface roughness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) molybdenum dioxide powder;    (2) method of making a plate;    (3) plate;    (4) sputtering method;    (5) method of making thin film;    (6) thin film;    (7) organic light-emitting diode;    (8) component; and    (9) optical-display device.
NOVELTY - Desulfurization of hydrocarbon feed stream within a fuel cell system includes passing sulfur-contaminated hydrocarbon feed stream over a catalyst adsorbent comprising nickel or nickel compound deposited on silica carrier, alumina promoter, and alkaline earth compound promoter to produce desulfurized hydrocarbon feed stream, and delivering the desulfurized hydrocarbon feed stream to remaining components of fuel cell system.    USE - For removing sulfur compound from hydrocarbon feed stream within a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The use of catalyst adsorbent reduces coke deposition caused by olefin polymerization and maintains stable desulfurization activity for a longer period. The catalyst adsorbent is capable of adsorbing greater quantity of sulfur from feed stream and reduces the amount of sulfur present in the feed to acceptable levels for longer period than conventional sulfur catalyst adsorbents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system comprising a source for hydrocarbon feed, a catalyst adsorbent for desulfurizing the hydrocarbon feed, and additional fuel cell components including a reformer, a shift converter, and a fuel cell stack.
NOVELTY - A water gas shift catalyst comprises platinum, rhenium, and lanthanum on a high surface area rutile titanium dioxide support.    USE - For fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is as efficient in converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide at low temperatures as the conventional catalysts. It is three times more stable than the conventional catalysts.
NOVELTY - Producing a high surface area film involves forming a silicon wafer (10) with a textured surface (12); depositing a catalytic material on the wafer to form a film (20) via electroplating or embossing; and separating the film from the wafer to reproduce a pattern of the textured surface on the film. The textured surface comprises features having shapes of bristles, spikes, grass, steps, dimples or pores (preferably bristles).    USE - For producing a high surface area film (claimed) on a substrate to prepare efficient catalysts useful in fuel cells, organic synthesis, catalytic cracking and auto exhausts.    ADVANTAGE - The bristled/spiked surface pattern of the wafer is transferred to the film by using repetitive and inexpensive processes such as electroplating or embossing, thus manufacturing the high surface area film with a low cost and allowing reuse of expensive patterned silicon. The surface pattern of the textured surface is reproduced on the film within nanometer scale. The wells created by spikes of sub-micron dimension are abundant, and contribute to the higher surface area. The method readily adapts to roll-to-roll processing and provides a way for mass forming high activity electrodes. Multiple sputtering film depositions are possible.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a wafer assembly having a wafer with textured surface.    silicon wafer with textured surface (10)    textured surface or bristled pattern (12)    plain silicon wafer (14)    film of catalytic material (20)    wafer assembly. (30)
NOVELTY - A mixer (123) mixes water vapor to obtain raw material water vapor mixture. A reformation unit (1) having mixed catalyst layer (72a) and shift catalyst layer (72e) performs steam-reformation of source gas with reaction heat obtained by oxidation of mixture, to generate hydrogen-rich reformed gas. The anode waste gas from fuel cell (300) is preheated with heat exchanger (121) and supplied as source gas of steam generation unit (2).    USE - For supplying hydrogen-rich reformed gas used as fuel in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables recycling anode waste gas emitted from fuel cell as source gas effectively, hence miniaturization of highly precise steam reforming system is achieved with high reliability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process flow diagram of the autoxidation internal heating type steam reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reformation unit (1)    water vapor generator (2)    carbon monoxide decreasing unit (3)    heat exchangers (121)    pipe (105)    recycle unit (122)    mixer (123)    fuel cell (300)
NOVELTY - The reformer has a catalyst (8) and voltage application electrodes (5,6) incorporated in a reactor (4).    USE - Used in industrial applications for reforming hydrocarbons such as methane, alcohol, gasoline and methanol to produce hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The modification reaction can be advanced efficiently at low temperature, by the application of voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen-containing reformed gas manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel reformer.    fuel tank (1)    reactor (4)    electrodes (5,6)    catalyst (8)
NOVELTY - A detector detects the temperature of water introduced into a heat exchanger (50). The heat energy released from a reactor (13) which removes carbon monoxide from reformed gas, is calculated based on the variation of the hydrogen density and carbon monoxide density in the reactor. The heating amount of water in water heater (4) is controlled based on the calculated result and detected temperature, to maintain preset temperature of water after heat exchange.    USE - Fuel reforming system.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of water supplied to modifier is stabilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Flow control valve (3)    Water heater (4)    Modifier (12)    Reactor (13)    Heat exchanger (50)
NOVELTY - A light water-splitting catalyst comprises a solid solution containing specific complex of zinc oxide (ZnO) and gallium nitride (GaN).    USE - For water-splitting using light for production of oxygen, and hydrogen used for fuel cells used for generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The novel light water-splitting catalyst has excellent spectral characteristics and light activity, and efficiently decomposes water using light of wavelength 400 nm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A light water-splitting catalyst comprises a solid solution containing complex of zinc oxide (ZnO) and gallium nitride (GaN) of formula: (ZnO)X(GaN)(1-X), where X is 0.03-0.3.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of oxy nitride complex material (Zn0.05Ga0.95O0.05N0.95), and diffraction peak shift of surface (100). (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The fuel reforming system (20) has a carbon monoxide (CO) concentration decreasing apparatus (I), a refrigerant supply unit at the entrance of the apparatus (I), and a temperature-detecting unit at the exit of apparatus (I) through which the refrigerant flows out. The apparatus (I) decreases CO concentration in reformed gas, and the refrigerant supply unit supplies refrigerant to the apparatus (I).    USE - For reforming fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming system has favorable carbon monoxide purifying capability, without dissolution of selective-oxidation catalyst in water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel reforming system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell system (10)    fuel reforming system (20)    evaporator (21)    modifier (22)    Carbon monoxide selective-oxidation device (24)
NOVELTY - The fuel mixed with anode side exhaust gas (11) that is mixed by fuel cell (10), is introduced to synthetic gas generator (20) and exhaust heat of fuel cell or combustion apparatus (30) is supplied as reaction heat. The generator reforms the synthesis gas due to supply of heat, and supplies it as fuel to high temperature fuel cell and combustion apparatus through allocation unit.    USE - For gas turbine generator.    ADVANTAGE - Enables driving gas turbine generator steadily, for long duration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic block diagram of the hybrid electric power generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (10)    anode side exhaust gas (11)    synthetic gas generator (20)    combustion apparatus (30)    catalyst (25)
NOVELTY - A film formed on a base material is heated by irradiating with microwave and formed into a thin film, and thus the thin film is processed.    USE - For processing of thin film such as titanium compound thin film such as crystalline titanium oxide thin film used as photocatalyst film and semiconductor electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient heat processing of thin film in reduced time, without exerting thermal influence on base material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) crystalline thin film, which is processed by the above processing method;    (2) crystalline titanium oxide film, which has crystalline titanium oxide thin film formed on high polymer film;    (3) photocatalyst film, which comprises the crystalline titanium oxide film;    (4) semiconductor electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell which comprises the crystalline titanium oxide film; and    (5) processing apparatus of thin film, which has holding unit for holding the base material with which the thin film is formed at the surface, microwave irradiation unit for irradiating the base material with microwave and heating the thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the typical sectional drawing of the processing apparatus of the thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Chamber (1)    Waveguide (2)    To-be-processed film (5)    Original fabric roller (6)    Finished film (7)
NOVELTY - A normal temperature fused salt contains methylpropyl pyrrolidinium cation and imide anion (I).    USE - For normal temperature fused-salt composition used for electrolyte salt or electrolyte liquid of electrochemical devices (all claimed) such as lithium secondary battery, electrical-double-layer capacitor, fuel cell and dye sensitizing solar cell. Also used as reaction solvent for organic synthesis, and extraction and isolation solvent.    ADVANTAGE - The fused salt exist as liquid at room temperature vicinity. The fused salt has high polarity, high electrical conductivity and high solubility with respect to organic solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A normal temperature fused salt contains methylpropyl pyrrolidinium cation and imide anion. The imide anion is represented by formula (I).    X-N--Y (I)    X, Y = fluoro alkyl, cyano, fluoro alkyl, sulfonyl, fluoro sulfonyl, fluoro alkylcarbonyl or fluoro phosphonyl, where both X and Y together forms a ring system.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) manufacture of normal temperature fused salt, involves carrying out N-alkyl quaternary chlorination of N-methyl pyrrolidone or N-propyl pyrrolidone with an alkylating agent, and then performing anion exchange reaction;    (2) normal temperature fused-salt composition containing normal temperature fused salt (A) and salt (B) other than salt (A);    (3) electrolyte salt for electrochemical devices, containing normal temperature fused salt or normal temperature fused-salt composition; and    (4) electrolyte liquid for electrochemical devices, contains normal temperature fused salt or normal temperature fused-salt composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of methyl propyl pyrrolidinium-bis(trifluoro methylsulfonyl)imide.
NOVELTY - A pressure control valve (18) is arranged at a water supply path (14) to control supply of water from the flush tank (2) so that the pressure of calcium storage tank (8) is made into predetermined value.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Enables generating hydrogen safely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell system equipped with hydrogen generator.    flush tank (2)    calcium storage tank (8)    lid (12)    water supply path (14)    pressure control valve (18)
NOVELTY - A guide unit (3) in front of a modifier (4), guides preheated gas flow towards central side flow path of the modifier. A controller (17) controls the gas flow according to the operational mode of the modifier.    USE - Fuel modifier assembly which generates hydrogen rich reformed gas form original fuel which contains hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the guide unit, the warming up time of the fuel modifier assembly is decreased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel modifier assembly.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Preheated gas supply unit (2)    Gas guide unit (3)    Modifier (4)    Carbon monoxide transformer (6)    Carbon monoxide removal device. (7)
NOVELTY - A dielectric film (5) is laminated between two electrodes (2,3) that are arranged opposite to one another. A groove or a pore (7) is formed by preset interval on the surface of either of two opposite electrodes and on the surface of dielectric film.    USE - Reaction control device such as fuel gas reformer for exhaust gas purification device in motor vehicle, fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to modify gas efficiently in low temperature region. Reduces cost of device. Increases life of device. Enhances reaction selectivity and reaction efficiency. Eliminates the need for high temperature heat source by plasmifying gas in low temperature region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) modification method; and    (2) modification system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the reaction control device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    reaction control device (1)    electrodes (2,3)    voltage application unit (4)    dielectric (5)    pore (7)
NOVELTY - The dehydrogenation catalyst is a metal supported catalyst (21) in which a catalyst metal is supported on a support. The catalyst metal is a metal material surface treated with an inorganic material. The catalyst dehydrogenates hydrogen supply material (11,51) consisting of hydrogenated derivative of an aromatic compound.    USE - For producing hydrogen (claimed) by dehydrogenating hydrogen supply material containing hydrogenated derivative of aromatic compound such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, phenanthrene, ethyl benzene and tetrahydro naphthalene, used for fuel cell, which responds to fluctuation of domestic electric power in home.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has improved heat conductivity and recycleability, and prevents reduction of catalytic activity due to accumulation of reaction product and occlusion of reaction active point.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inorganic material used for surface treatment of honeycomb structure or porous metal material is alumina, zirconia, titania, magnesia and/or silica. The catalyst metal has core/shell structure, and is nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten, vanadium, osmium, chromium, cobalt and/or iron.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen production method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of hydrogen production method.    raw material reservoir (1)    reactor (2)    condensing plant (4)    hydrogen supply material (11,51)    metal supported catalyst (21)
NOVELTY - A strip-shaped substrate (301) is wound in a spiral shape on an imaginary cylinder (305) of a conveyor and is processed in a vacuum chamber (307).    USE - For processing strip-shaped substrate used for non-monocrystal silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves reduction in size of the strip-shaped substrate conveyance mechanism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processing method of strip-shaped substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the processing apparatus of strip-shaped substrate.    strip-shaped substrate (301)    unwinding roller (302)    imaginary cylinder (305)    counter electrode (306)    vacuum chamber (307)
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte compound contains a copolymer having structural unit (a) having a heterocyclic ring, structural unit (b) having aromatic ring introduced with proton acid group, and a structural unit (c) having an aromatic ring.    USE - For producing polymeric electrolyte film used for forming catalyst layer formation electrolyte film used for electrochemical element (all claimed), such as fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte compound has excellent water-resisting property, methanol-proof property, high ion electroconductivity, and reduced swelling with respect to water. The polymeric electrolyte film formed using the compound, has excellent proton electric conductivity, water-resisting property, methanol-proof property, heat-resisting property and workability. The polymeric electrolyte film is produced conveniently, inexpensively and with stable quality. The fuel cell utilizing the film has high durability and extended life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of polymeric electrolyte film, which involves coating a solution containing the polyelectrolyte compound dissolved in a solvent, on a base material, and drying;    (2) catalyst layer formation electrolyte film, having catalyst layer formed on both surfaces of the polymeric electrolyte film;    (3) electro chemical element using the catalyst layer formation electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - The protection sheet (5) is formed by laminating a resin layer and a moisture content prevention layer (7) which prevents permeation of moisture content. The resin layer contains particle (9) with larger heat conductivity than substance which comprises the resin layer.    USE - For solar cell modules (claimed) installed in outdoors, and for protecting electric equipment, such as solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - The protection sheet has improved heat dissipation property. Failure of the electric equipment protected by the sheet, by temperature rise and efficiency reduction of the equipment are prevented. The protection sheet has improved reliability and stability. The sheet has stable heat conductivity for long time. Reduction of electric output of the solar cell module by temperature rise can be reduced. Temperature rise of the solar cell module can be suppressed efficiently and uniformly, without exerting influence on electric power generation of solar battery element. The solar cell module is produced conveniently and inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The moisture content prevention layer is an inorganic oxide layer. The particle contained in the resin layer is silicon or graphite. The particle is a metal which is aluminum, copper, silver, zinc, tungsten, magnesium, molybdenum or their alloy.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell module; and    (2) manufacture of solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of protection sheet for solar cell module.    protection sheet (5)    polyethylene terephthalate sheet (6)    moisture content prevention layer (7)    hydrolysis-proof polyethylene terephthalate sheet (8)    particle (9)
NOVELTY - Several solar battery elements are arranged and clamped between a transparent board and a reverse side sheet (5) containing synthetic resin sheet with filler. A heat radiation layer (11) is coated on the outer surface of the synthetic resin sheet.    USE - Solar cell module for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction in electric power generation efficiency due to variation in temperature of solar battery element. Radiates heat from the solar element efficiently. Prevents destruction of solar battery element. Reduces manufacturing cost by eliminating the need for cooling fin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery element.    reverse side sheet (5)    PET sheet (6)    inorganic oxide layer (7)    heat radiation layer (11)
NOVELTY - An upper photoelectric converting layer (26) containing oxide microparticles (23), and lower photoelectric converting layer (27) containing semiconductor layer (25) are combined such that the microparticles and semiconductor layer are arranged opposite to each other.    USE - E.g. dye sensitizing solar cell (claimed) (DSSC) type optoelectronic transducer .    ADVANTAGE - The electric power generation efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of an optoelectric transducer.    microparticle (23)    electrolyte (24)    semiconductor layer (25)    upper photoelectric converting layer (26)    lower photoelectric converting layer (27)
NOVELTY - The method involves controlling the temperature of contact surface of the rollers (16-18) supporting the strip-shaped substrate (12), when group I, III and VI elements are supplied in film production chamber (2) for forming compound semiconductor thin film on substrate.    USE - For forming compound semiconductor thin film such as copper indium selenide (CuInSe2) (CIS) thin-film used as optical absorption layer of solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Rapid temperature reduction of the substrate is prevented, thereby preventing miniaturization of crystal of the I-III-VI group compound and preventing generation of film defect and improve utilization efficiency of selenium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus for forming compound semiconductor thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vacuum vessel (1)    film formation rooms (2)    copper deposition source (5)    indium deposition source (6)    selenium deposition source (7)    delivery roll (8)    substrate (12)    rollers (16-18)
NOVELTY - The sheet comprises a cross-linkable ethylene copolymer composition of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (10-90 wt.%) and ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer (90-10 wt.%) containing (meth)acrylic acid ester content (10-40 wt.%). The composition comprises ethylene content (60-85 wt.%).    USE - For solar cell modules (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Solar battery elements are efficiently sealed by the sheet. The sheet has excellent transparency, flexibility, workability, weather resistance, insulation property and cross-linkability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell module, where the solar battery element is sealed with a sealing agent layer comprising the sheet.
NOVELTY - A solution containing a polymerizable substance and forming fine polymer particle by polymerization is atomized. The solution is polymerized in the atomization state. The polymer of fine particle is sprayed on a base material (A) surface, to form a microparticle layer, by surface treatment.    USE - For surface treatment of base material, to form microparticle laminated film, particularly on solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The novel surface treatment method is simple, and enables formation of microparticulate laminated film having controlled particle size. Limitation of the base material is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used for implementation of the above surface treatment method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    liquid supply portion (1)    mixing portion (3)    atomization portion (4)    polymerization portion (5)    base material (A)
NOVELTY - A pulse laser light (L1) having pulse width in range of 10 femto second to 100 nanosecond, and energy density per pulse of 0.01 J/cm2, is irradiated on a target metal electrode material (4) so as to scatter particle from the material. The scattered particles are deposited on a semiconductor substrate (6), to form ohmic electrode (5) on the substrate.    USE - For manufacturing ohmic electrode for semiconductor device such as solar cell, opto-electronic transducer, thin-film transistor, semiconductor integrated circuit, sensor, semiconductor laser and power device.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to form ohmic electrode consisting of metal electrode material at low substrate-temperature, without post processing and additional heat processing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of ohmic electrode manufacturing apparatus.    ohmic-electrode manufacturing apparatus (1)    laser light source (2)    processing container (3)    target (4)    ohmic electrode (5)    semiconductor substrate (6)    pulse laser light (L1)
NOVELTY - Fabrication of layer lamination integrated direct methanol fuel cell, comprises forming flow-channel/liquid-trench layer by using materials of printed circuit board (PCB); forming membrane electrode assembly layer; forming controlling circuit layer by using PCB manufacturing process; and joining flow-channel/liquid-trench layer, membrane electrode assembly layer, and controlling circuit layer.    USE - The method is for fabricating a layer lamination integrated direct methanol fuel cell (claimed) used for portable small electric products, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistances (PDA), smart phones, e-books, tablet personal computers and note books.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell can be easy manufactured, reduces cost, and fits in with the modern product tendency. There is no any change in the property of the direct methanol fuel cell, and the light, thin, short and small fuel cell could be fabricated easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a layer lamination integrated direct methanol fuel cell, comprising:    (1) a flow-channel/liquid-trench layer formed by materials of a PCB;    (2) a membrane electrode assembly layer; and    (3) a controlling circuit layer, formed by using PCB manufacturing process, where the flow-channel/liquid-trench layer, the membrane electrode assembly layer, and the controlling circuit layer are respectively manufactured and are joined direct methanol fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a flowchart of fabricating a layer lamination integrated direct methanol fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen fuelling and discharge, especially for hydrogen motors and fuel cells brings hydrogen into contact with at least one oxide in a lacunar mixture to build up the hydrogen within it. A composition is hydrogenized which has at least one unsaturated organic component and an organic component saturated by the hydrogen contained within the lacunar oxide mixture. The discharge is effected by dehydrogenating the saturated organic component.    USE - The system is for the supply of hydrogen to hydrogen motors and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The system gives a supply of hydrogen fuel without low temperatures for liquid hydrogen or robust components for compressed hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen fuelling and discharge, especially for hydrogen motors and fuel cells brings the hydrogen into contact with at least one oxide in a lacunar mixture to build up the hydrogen within it. A composition is hydrogenized which has at least one unsaturated organic component and an organic component saturated by the hydrogen contained within the lacunar oxide mixture. The discharge is effected by dehydrogenating the saturated organic component. The lacunar oxide mixture can be of zirconium, one or more rare earths, cerium and nickel. The unsaturated organic component is an aromatic. A tank (1) is fed with hydrogen (2) to be built up within the oxides. A reactor (4) extracts hydrogen for an outflow (13) with a separation membrane (8).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the hydrogen fuel system.    Tank (1)    Hydrogen (2)    Reactor (4)    Membrane (8)    Outflow (13)
NOVELTY - The waste gases gas and air, are supplied to a catalytic burner (3). If desired, a third gas including fuel, and/or water are supplied to the catalytic burner. The hydrogen content is oxidized catalytically, producing a waste gas from the burner. Hydrogen content and temperature of the burner waste gas are monitored. On departure from a given value, control is applied as required and/or the temperature of the catalytic burner is monitored and so controlled, that a desired temperature range is maintained. Catalytic burner temperature is controlled by varying supply of one of the feeds cited above, in accordance with temperature.    USE - Treating waste gases from vehicular fuel cell system, removing residual hydrogen by catalytic oxidation.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system produces waste gases with reduced hydrogen content. This remains true, even in the start-up phase. The waste gases rejected, are at a lower temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding vehicle burner system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A schematic diagram of an implementation is presented.    fuel cell plant (1)    fuel cell system (2)    catalytic burner (3)    feed paths (4,5,6)    reformer (25)
NOVELTY - A supporting plate (14) is placed at the front section of a pusher unit, in a specific position. A large number of sheets of unit fuel cells are layered on the plate. A vibration is applied to the cells by the pusher unit, for alignment. A supporting plate (15) is provided at the front end surface of the cells. The plates are connected by connection plates while applying a preset pressing force to cells by the plates.    USE - For manufacturing fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell comprising multiple unit fuel cells can be simply manufactured without spending much time and effort. Thereby improving the production of the fuel cells easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the fuel cell manufacturing apparatus.    unit fuel cell (11)    supporting plates (14,15)    pusher unit moving mechanism (59)    guide plate (82)    receiving unit (61)    raising/lowering cylinder (131)
NOVELTY - Preparation of urea involves addition of methanol to a carbon monoxide containing gas and contacting with water in at least one shift step in the presence of a catalyst (a1) to produce a stream rich in carbon dioxide; transferring the carbon dioxide-rich stream from the at least one shift step to a urea reactor; and reacting the carbon dioxide with ammonia. (a1) comprises copper, zinc, aluminum and/or chromium.    USE - For the preparation of urea (claimed), and for peak shaving purposes in gasification based combined cycle power plant or in fuel processors.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a facile process for boosting capacity of fuel-based hydrogen plants and ammonia and/or urea plants. The catalyst is capable of operating at a wide range of temperatures; and provides a boost in the carbon dioxide production. The methanol is produced in very large plants with capacities of more than 2000 MTPD at places where natural gas is cheap.
NOVELTY - Depositing a selectively absorbent film on a metal substrate panel, involves cleaning, degreasing and brightening the metal substrate; coating with a first layer of nickel; and coating with an outermost layer of absorbent nickel oxide-nickel zinc sulfide layer by electrochemical deposition at low temperatures.    USE - For depositing a selectively absorbent film on a metal substrate panel, especially solar collectors.    ADVANTAGE - The method obtains highly efficient, corrosion resistant solar collector with long service life and low costs.
NOVELTY - The transparent electroconductivity substrate has an indium-tin oxide (ITO) film (2) formed on a transparent base material (1). The content rate of stannic oxide in ITO film is 30 wt.% or more.    USE - For electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductivity substrate has excellent transparency and acid resistance. The solar cell has excellent electric power generating efficiency and stability. The transparent electroconductive material of the electrode effectively improves photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transparent electroconductivity substrate alternately has indium-titanium oxide (InTiO) film, indium-zinc oxide (IZO) film, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (GZO) film or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film, as transparent electrically conductive film on transparent base material. The transparent base material is high polymer film.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) electrode (4) for dye-sensitized solar cell;    (b) dye-sensitized solar cell; and    (c) transparent electroconductive material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of structure of dye-sensitized solar cell.    transparent base material (1)    indium-tin oxide film (2)    metal-oxide semiconductor film (3)    semiconductor electrode (4)    counter electrode (5)
NOVELTY - A distributed feed fuel cell comprises fuel and/or oxidant distribution providing apparatus for providing fuel or oxidant distribution into fuel cell channel on locations.    USE - For use as energy conversion device.    ADVANTAGE - The cell can control the heat generation profile better and improves the fuel channel stack and system efficiency. It allows fuel and/or oxidant to be fed incrementally and distributed around the stack to achieve spatial uniformity of reaction leading to improved thermal management without imparting stack or system performance. It provides improved thermal distribution, mass and thermal integration, higher power densities, higher stack and system efficiencies, lower thermal stresses, and faster response while improving life span and rate of performance deterioration for fuel cell. It reduces the need for preforming fuel/oxidant mixtures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a single cell and co-flow fuel cell stack.
NOVELTY - Co-production of hydrogen and electrical energy system comprises fuel cell assembly, and separation unit. The fuel cell assembly comprises fuel cells. The fuel cells includes cathode inlet for receiving a compressed oxidant, anode inlet for receiving fuel feed stream, anode outlet in fluid connection with anode exhaust stream, and cathode outlet in fluid connection with cathode exhaust stream. A portion of fuel feed stream reacts with oxidant.    USE - For co-production of hydrogen used as, e.g. fuel, chemical feedstock, and in fertilizer and petrochemical industries, and electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The system can co-produce hydrogen and electrical energy using spent gases from fuel cells. It allows fuel cell anode exhaust to easily combust the fuel by low utilization of internal reforming fuel cell as anode exhaust.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Co-production of hydrogen and electrical energy system (100) comprises fuel cell assembly (18), and separation unit. The fuel cell assembly comprises fuel cells. The fuel cells includes cathode inlet for receiving a compressed oxidant, anode inlet for receiving fuel feed stream, anode outlet in fluid connection with the anode exhaust stream (20), and cathode outlet in fluid connection with cathode exhaust stream. A portion of the fuel feed stream reacts with the oxidant to produce electrical powder. The anode exhaust stream comprises hydrogen. The separation unit is in fluid connection with fuel cell assembly. The separation unit is made to receive the anode exhaust stream from fuel cell assembly to separate hydrogen from anode exhaust stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the co-production system of hydrogen and electrical energy.    Fuel cell assembly (18)    Anode exhaust stream (20)    Compressor (36)    Air stream (38)    Co-production of hydrogen and electrical energy system (100)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage material comprises single wall carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes have diameters of 0.4-1 nm. The average length of single wall carbon nanotubes is at most1000nm.    USE - For use in storing hydrogen used in chemical and petroleum processing industries.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides access to the internal and interstitial sites and for optimum storage of hydrogen to use single wall carbon nanotubes arrays. It provides maximized storage capacity of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for storing and releasing hydrogen in vessel comprising pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, or pressure or temperature swing adsorption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the adsorption sites in bundle of single wall carbon nanotubes.
NOVELTY - A titanium dioxide film synthesizing method comprises coating a titanium film on a surface of a substrate, and placing the titanium-coated substrate as anode in an electrolyte to synthesize an anatase phase of titanium dioxide film on a surface of the titanium film by employing electrochemical anodic oxidation.    USE - For synthesizing a titanium dioxide film (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process synthesizes nanostructured titanium dioxide films with single anatase phase on substrates rapidly at room temperature. It is practical to synthesize the titanium dioxide films on homogeneous substrates as well as heterogeneous substrates. It is practical to synthesize the titanium dioxide films of uniform properties. It enables the synthesized titanium dioxide films to be firmly adhered to the substrates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a microscopic picture obtained from a cross-section of a finished product made according to a titanium dioxide film synthesizing method.
NOVELTY - A sound is generated by providing vibration for a substrate (34). A power spectrum is determined by capturing the produced sound and carrying out an acoustic analysis for the captured sound. The existence of the crack on he substrate is judged based on the spectral intensity of the predetermined frequency region in the determined power spectrum.    USE - For inspecting crack on substrate in manufacture of solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Enables detecting the crack on the substrate using simple technique and hence prevents generation of fracture in the solar battery module. Improves the reliability of the solar battery module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for substrate inspection apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the substrate crack inspection apparatus.    airtight container (31)    substrates (34)    substrate crack inspection apparatus (42)    movable arm (43)    substrate housing base (46)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic device including an in-situ electrochemically polymerized conducting polymer composite layer and preparing a method thereof are provided to obtain an excellent photoelectric effect by using a p-n junction type inter-penetrating network polymer composite layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric element includes a transparent substrate(3), a transparent electrode(4), a composite layer of an electrical conductive polymer and an n-type polymer formed on the transparent electrode, and a metal electrode(5). The electrical conductive polymer is formed by an electrochemically polymerization process of an electrical conductive monomer.
NOVELTY - A controller (19) controls the operation of pressurized fluid supply device, so as to prevent fire explosion, when a detector detects abnormality such as gas leakage, earthquake and fire in the hydrogen station (1).    USE - For preventing disaster in hydrogen station which supplies hydrogen to fuel cell equipped electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reliably protects the equipments from fire and prevents generation of fire. High safety is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a disaster prevention equipment assembly in hydrogen station. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen station (1)    gasoline station (2)    evaporator (5)    pump (11)    controller (19)
NOVELTY - The fuel reforming system (1) has modification reaction device (5), water supply unit (14), heat exchanger (7), gas supply unit (9) and control portion. Device (5) modifies modification raw material using modification catalyst. Heat exchanger adjusts temperature of reformed gas by circulating coolant. Unit (9) supplies gas to modification reaction device during starting. Control portion controls the water supply unit and heat exchanger.    USE - For producing hydrogen-rich fuel gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel reforming system has excellent startability, and is compact. The deterioration of system efficiency is prevented, and warming-up time of circulating fluid is shortened.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reforming system (1) has a modification reaction device (5), a water supply unit (14), a heat exchanger (7), a gas supply unit (9) and a control portion. The device (5) modifies a modification raw material using a modification catalyst. The unit (14) supplies water to modification raw material and gas of the fuel reforming system. The heat exchanger adjusts the temperature of reformed gas by circulating a coolant. The unit (9) supplies gas to modification reaction device at the time of starting of fuel reforming system. The gas supplied by unit (9) and water are mixed at the time of starting, in control portion, and coolant is circulated, such that control portion controls the water supply unit and heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of fuel reforming system.    fuel reforming system (1)    fuel cell (2)    modification reaction device (5)    shift reaction device (6)    heat exchanger (7)    gas transformation reactor (8)    gas supply unit (9)    water supply unit (14)
NOVELTY - The shape of the peelable material applied to the surface of base and side plates of a casting mold, satisfy specific relationship using relations t1 and t2 where t1 is the thickness of the surface of casting mold and t2 is thickness of the corner portion (4c) of the casting mold.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon for preparation of semiconductor substrate for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of longitudinal and transverse cracks in silicon cast.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the casting mold.    side plate (1a)    casting mold surface (4a)    corner portion (4c)
NOVELTY - The ratio of thermal flux which tends toward a cooler (7) through a casting mold holder (5) from the center of the bottom (1a) of the casting mold (1) and thermal flux which tends toward the cooler through the casting mold holder from the side of the bottom of the casting mold, is larger than one.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon used for preparation of semiconductor substrate for solar cell for large scale electric power generation system and domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of crack of silicon ingot, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the casting apparatus.    casting mold (1)    bottom of casting mold (1a)    casting mold holder (5)    heater (6)    cooler (7)
NOVELTY - A solution containing a hydrolysability titanium compound and/or its hydrolysis substance is applied on the microparticle surface of a porous semiconductor-electrode film, and dye-sensitized solar cell (1) is produced. The semiconductor-electrode film is obtained by aggregating titanium oxide microparticles.    USE - For manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing method of dye-sensitized solar cell modifies titanium oxide microparticle surface efficiently, and improves binding property of titanium-oxide microparticles in semiconductor-electrode film. The method provides solar cell having excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency and high industrial utility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solution containing a hydrolysability titanium compound and/or its hydrolysis substance is applied on the microparticle surface of a porous semiconductor-electrode film, and dye-sensitized solar cell is produced. The semiconductor-electrode film is obtained by aggregating titanium oxide microparticles. The titanium compound has the compositional formula: TiCl4-X(OR)X    X = 0-4;and    R = 1-10C alkyl or alkoxy alkyl.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the dye-sensitized solar cell.    dye-sensitized solar cell (1)    anode (2)    cathode (3)    electrolyte (4)    sealing material (5)
NOVELTY - Catalyst-carrying electrode contains proton electroconductive substance and two or more types of catalyst-carrying electroconductive material. The catalyst-carrying electroconductive material comprises catalyst particles (2,3) differing in average particle diameter and supported on an electroconductive support (1).    USE - For fuel cell (claimed), such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell, used as power supply for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The elution of catalyst particles is suppressed, even if the catalyst-carrying electrode has noble electrode potential. The catalyst-carrying electrode has catalyst activity over long period of time, and is manufactured economically. The usage amount of catalyst particles is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst contains platinum.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell using the above catalyst-carrying electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the above catalyst-carrying electroconductive material.    electroconductive support (1)    catalyst particles (2,3)
NOVELTY - Catalyst substance contains transition metal mixed with molybdenum carbide material.    USE - For electrode catalyst of fuel cell, water gas shift catalyst, used in modifier of fuel cell and hydrogen purification apparatus (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The novel catalyst substance has excellent initial activity and durability. The catalyst substance is effectively used as alternative of expensive platinum catalyst. It economically provides highly active fuel cell electrode catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transition metal is chosen from iron, nickel and/or cobalt.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for;    (1) An electrode catalyst for fuel cell;    (2) A water gas shift catalyst;    (3) A fuel cell; and    (4) A hydrogen purification apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cobalt addition rate in each carbonization temperature. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion electrode has a porous layer provided on a transparent electroconductive base material and is formed from a solvent-soluble resin having porous structure. The porous layer consists of a polymer compound containing a solvent-soluble resin and optical semiconductor particles.    USE - For optoelectric transducer (claimed) and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode is economically manufactured with improved productivity and excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. The transparent electroconductive base material has excellent flexibility and adhesion property, and is easily manufactured without undergoing baking process. The optoelectric transducer is economically manufactured with excellent dimensional stability, flexibility, conversion efficiency and electric power generation capability, and low internal resistance, using the electrode. The separator of the transducer, suppresses liquid spill and deviation of the electrolyte liquid, and prevents short circuit. The separator has excellent swelling property and solubility with respect to electrolyte liquid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for optoelectric transducer, which has an electrode interposed between a photoelectric conversion electrode and a counter electrode.
NOVELTY - A dye sensitizing type optoelectric transducer consists of semiconductor-layer electrode containing pigment, counter electrode and electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution contains quinoline group compound.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer exhibits high release voltage by using electrolytic solution containing quinoline group compound. The flow of reverse current into charge-transport material is prevented regardless of irradiation of light from electrode. Solar cell of high photoelectric conversion efficiency is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for dye-sensitized solar cell that consists of single or several dye sensitizing type optoelectric transducers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph of release voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of optoelectric transducer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The hydrogen plate generates liquid air by utilizing cooling-heat energy of liquid hydrogen generated using liquid air utilization heat exchanger (13), for supplying to fuel cell (17).    USE - Hydrogen plant with power generation equipment which generates electric power using natural power source such as wind, solar heat, wave power, tidal power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of the hydrogen plant. Reduces energy loss.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the hydrogen plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon Dioxide recovery installation (11)    Liquid hydrogen utilization heat exchanger (12)    Liquid air utilization heat exchanger (13)    Liquid air pump (15)    Fuel cell (17)
NOVELTY - Molten silicon is solidified within a casting mold by casting method and a dendrite is produced during the initial solidification stage to obtain silicon ingot. The direction of crystal growth surface is arranged by promoting the solidification growth of the molten silicon from the crystal of dendrite and high quality polycrystalline silicon is obtained.    USE - For manufacturing high quality polycrystalline silicon for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High quality polycrystalline silicon is manufactured efficiently and with improved productivity. The polycrystalline silicon ingot with uniform crystal grain diameter is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the polycrystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Chamber (1)    Lower chamber (2)    Dividing wall (3)    Heater (4)    Silicon melt solution (9)
NOVELTY - The base (10) for mounting a fuel modifier (9), is arranged in the bottom face of the concave portion of a container (11). Through holes (5a,5b) which are extended axially, are formed inside a columnar line (5) joined to the upper surface of the fuel modifier, for supplying fuel to the fuel modifier and for ejecting reformed gas.    USE - For fuel modifier storage in fuel cell system, co-generation plant and domestic fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Portable structure. Enables supplying fuel without reducing temperature of the fuel modifier. Improves efficiency of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the container.    columnar line (5)    through holes (5a,5b)    fuel modifier (9)    base (10)    container (11)
NOVELTY - Gas containing hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen peroxide is supplied to a catalyst, to produce hydrogen rich gas. The number of oxygen atoms contained in the gas is 25-75% of the oxygen atoms required for total oxidation of hydrocarbon fuel. 50% or less of the oxygen atom contained in the gas, exist as oxygen molecule (O2).    USE - For vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A fuel gas with high hydrogen concentration and low carbon monoxide concentration is obtained by the modification method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) modification system of hydrocarbon fuel; and    (2) vehicle mounted with the modification system and fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of a fuel modification system.    hydrogen peroxide tank (102)    hydrocarbon fuel tank (104)    valve (106)    mixing portion (108)    modification portion (110)
NOVELTY - A processing agent contains indium compound, tin compound, thickener and organic solvent. The thickener is cellulose nitrate. The organic solvent is mixed solvent of phenol and dibasic acid ester.    USE - Forming transparent electroconductive film (claimed) used for liquid crystal display, touch panel, solar cell, vehicles and buildings.    ADVANTAGE - High viscosity processing agent excellent in stability is provided. The processing agent provides transparent electroconductive film having high transmittance, low resistance and excellent workability such as printability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the formation of the transparent electroconductive film that involves applying processing agent on a substrate, drying and baking.
NOVELTY - Solar cell module has an inorganic oxide layer (7) arranged on the outer surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet (6) in a reverse side sheet (5) with a backside filler (4).    USE - For outdoor applications.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction of electric output of solar cell module by arranging the inorganic layer at the PET sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: manufacture of solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the reverse side sheet of the solar cell module.    backside filler (4)    reverse side sheet (5)    PET sheet (6)    inorganic oxide layer (7)    heat radiation layer (9)
NOVELTY - A high resistant layer (5) containing zinc oxide is formed between N type semiconductor layer (4) and a transparent electrode film (6) so that the volume resistivity of the resistant layer is more than 104 ohm.cm. The N type semiconductor layer is formed with a compound not containing cadmium but containing zinc.    USE - Solar cell e.g. thin film type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deterioration of conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar cell.    substrate (1)    lower electrode film (2)    P type semiconductor layer (3)    N type semiconductor layer (4)    high resistant layer (5)    upper electrode film (6)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has solar cell panel (14), and fuel cell panel (16) provided in piles at the reverse side of liquid crystal display (LCD) panel (12). The fuel cell panel generates the electric power by which the light is transmitted through display panel.    USE - E.g., mobile phone with camera, notebook personal computer (PC), digital camera, digital camcorder and personal digital assistant (PDA).    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the installation space of the power supply. The size and thickness of the mounting apparatus is decreased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the digital camera.    digital camera (10)    LCD panel (12)    solar cell panel (14)    fuel cell panel (16)    gas emission layer (16A)
NOVELTY - Apparatus for producing a fluid reaction product from a fluid starting material by chemical reaction in the plasma of dielectrically hindered discharges comprises a dielectric layer between two porous electrodes through which the starting material and product can flow. One electrode is connected to a voltage source of at least 0.5 kV and the other is connected to earth.    USE - The apparatus is especially useful for producing a gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a mixture of hydrocarbons (especially a fuel such as methane or natural gas, liquefied gas, alcohol or vaporized gasoline or diesel fuel) and steam. The hydrogen-rich gas is especially useful in automobile fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus can be mounted on board an automobile.
NOVELTY - Fuel and air reacting system comprises reformer with reaction space, nozzle formed in part(s) as Venturi nozzle for supplying fuel/air mixture to the reaction space, diffuser extending between the small diameter area and reaction space, first gas supply mechanism, fuel supply, and second gas supply mechanism. The Venturi nozzle has small diameter area. The first gas supply mechanism is on a side of the smaller diameter area.    USE - For reacting fuel and air into reformate.    ADVANTAGE - The system improves the efficiency thus enabling recovery of the water and hydrogen from anode exhaust gas of fuel cell stack. It increases the dimensions and the overall weight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel and air reacting system comprises reformer (10) with reaction space (12), nozzle (14) formed in part(s) as Venturi nozzle for supplying fuel/air mixture to the reaction space, diffuser (18) extending between the small diameter area (16) and reaction space, first gas supply mechanism (20), fuel supply (22), and second gas supply mechanism. The Venturi nozzle has small diameter area. The first gas supply mechanism is on a side of the smaller diameter area. The side faces away from the diffuser. The fuel supply supplies fuel to nozzle. The second gas supply mechanism is at the small diameter area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross sectional view of the system.    Reformer (10)    Reaction space (12)    Nozzle (14)    Small diameter area (16)    Diffuser (18)    First gas supply mechanism (20)    Fuel supply (22)    Injection mechanism(s) (34)
NOVELTY - A surface film structure of a metallic bipolar plate is produced by performing flow channel machining on the metallic bipolar plate, grinding the plate, degreasing the metallic bipolar plate, and electrochemical machining the metallic bipolar plate to form a surface film including a chromium composition of 40-75%, an iron composition of 10-30%, and a nickel composition of 15-30%.    USE - The invention is used for the production of surface film structure of metallic bipolar plate for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a bipolar plate with improved chemical and electrochemical stability for enhancing surface corrosion resistance and reducing the contact resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a surface film structure of a metallic bipolar plate for fuel cells comprises:    (1) performing flow channel machining on the metallic bipolar plate;    (2) grinding the plate to remove a surface coating of the metallic bipolar plate;    (3) degreasing the metallic bipolar plate; and    (4) electrochemical machining the metallic bipolar plate so as to form a surface film thereon, where the surface film includes a chromium composition of 40-75%, an iron composition of 10-30%, and a nickel composition of 15-30%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a depth profile from an AES analysis.
NOVELTY - A culture tank (C) converts sugar produced by symbiosis alga derived from paramecium bursaria into glucose and introduces glucose into cathode chamber (A) which oxidizes glucose by hydrogen peroxide enzyme of cathode. A tank (D) generates hydrogen peroxide by photochemical reaction and introduces hydrogen peroxide enzyme into anode chamber (B) to generate electromotive force to accept electrons emitted from cathode chamber.    USE - For generating electric power from sugar which is generated by using green alga, e.g. chlorella, and hydrogen peroxide as raw materials.    ADVANTAGE - Since alga and hydrogen peroxide are used as raw material for generating electric power, the need for sunlight all the 24 hours is not required but the power is generated for all the 24 hours using the hydrogen peroxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the solar energy power generation system.    cathode chamber (A)    anode chamber (B)    culture tanks (C, D)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer sensitizes a metal oxide semiconductor using a specific sensitizing dye.    USE - For manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optical electric transducer has high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optoelectric transducer sensitizes a metal oxide semiconductor using a sensitizing dye having structure of formula (1).    n = 5 or more    R1, R2 = H, hydroxyl, cyano, phosphoric acid group, sulfonic acid group, halogen atom, aliphatic hydrocarbon residue optionally having substituent, aromatic residue optionally having substituent, group having alkoxyl group or aryloxy group, carbonyl, carboxyl, carbonamide group, alkoxycarbonyl or acyl group, or R1 and R2 optionally combine together to form a ring optionally having substituent    X = oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, NH or NR3    R3 = aliphatic hydrocarbon optionally having substituent, or aromatic group optionally having substituent    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) solar cell, which uses the optoelectric transducer;    (2) oxide semiconductor microparticles, which are sensitized with dye of formula (1);    (3) manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cell; and    (4) dye of formula (1) or (2).    X = sulfur atom    Y = H, aliphatic hydrocarbon residue optionally having substituent, aromatic residue optionally having substituent, carboxyl group or alkoxy carbonyl group.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section model of dye sensitizing solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (11)    Transparent electrically conductive film (12)    Dye carrying semiconductor content layer (3)    Charge transferring layer (14)    Platinum thin film (15)
NOVELTY - A gas which carries out physical adsorption is eliminated by heating a halogenated nano carbon material at 300-500degreesC within a reactor (1) in vacuum or inert-gas atmosphere, and pure halogenated nano carbon material is obtained.    USE - For purifying halogenated nano carbon material used in substance storage supply apparatus attached to fuel cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method purifies nano carbon material chemically modified by halogen atom, economically. The clean energy is provided by the fuel cell using the substance storage supply apparatus, without corrosion of fuel electrode material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) halogenated nano carbon material obtained using temperature-programmed desorption spectrum related to halogen atom obtained by temperature-programmed desorption gas-analysis method for carrying out mass spectrometry of the gas which eliminates the substance by raising the temperature;    (2) substance storage supply apparatus having container (4) filled with pure halogenated nano carbon material. An adsorbate is poured from injection hole (6) of the container is adsorbed by the halogenated nano carbon material, and then eliminated from the material out of the container through the release opening (7) of the container; and    (3) fuel cell attached with the substance storage supply apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the reactor of the fluorinated nano carbon material.    reactor (1)    resistance heating heater (2)    container (4)    nano carbon material (5)    injection hole (6)    release opening (7)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage supply system (1) has raw material storage tank (2), catalyst (31), raw material supply apparatus (5) and recovery equipment (8). Tank (2) stores hydrogen supply material having hydrogenated derivative of aromatic compound, or hydrogen storage material having aromatic compound. Catalyst is formed by supporting catalyst component (319) on support surface (311) of ceramic heater (310).    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage supply system has excellent operation stability and high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen storage supply system (1) has a raw material storage tank (2), a catalyst (31), a raw material supplying apparatus (5) and a recovery equipment (8). The storage tank stores hydrogen supply material containing hydrogenated derivative of aromatic compound, or a hydrogen storage material containing aromatic compound. The catalyst is formed by supporting a catalyst component (319) on support surface (311) of a ceramic heater (310) as a heat generation material. The raw material supply unit supplies hydrogen storage material or hydrogen supply material to catalyst. The recovery equipment recovers catalytic reaction product in catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of hydrogen storage supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen storage supply system (1)    raw material storage tank (2)    reaction container (3)    raw material supply apparatus (5)    recovery equipment (8)    catalyst (31)    ceramic heater (310)    support surface (311)    catalyst component (319)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage supply system (1) has a raw material storage tank (2), a catalyst (31), catalyst heater (32) for heating the catalyst, an injector (5), a raw material heater (70) and collection equipment (8). The tank (2) contains hydrogen storage structure having aromatic compound, or hydrogen supply structure containing hydrogenation derivative of compound. Catalyst promotes hydrogenation or dehydrogenation.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage supply system is inexpensive, and has excellent operation stability and efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen storage supply system (1) has a raw material storage tank (2), a catalyst (31), catalyst heater (32) for heating the catalyst, an injector (5), a raw material heater (70) and collection equipment (8) for collecting reaction product. Tank (2) contains hydrogen storage structure having aromatic compound, or hydrogen supply structure containing hydrogenation derivative of aromatic compound. Catalyst promotes hydrogenation of storage structure or dehydrogenation of supply structure. Injector sprays storage or supply structure as mist-like in the catalyst. Heater (70) heats the sprayed material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen storage supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    hydrogen storage supply system (1)    raw material storage tank (2)    injector (5)    collection equipment (8)    catalyst (31)    catalyst heater (32)    raw material heater (70)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide reforming catalyst contains platinum and rhenium held on anatase type titania support.    USE - For fuel cell used as power supply for motor vehicles and domestic power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high oxidation resistance, metal loading ability, and carbon monoxide reforming ability, and low water/carbon monoxide ratio. The usage amount of metal is reduced, therefore the catalyst is economical. The size of the fuel gas modification system is reduced by using the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of carbon monoxide reforming catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the crystal structure of titania.
NOVELTY - A sheet consist of crosslinkable laminated sheet of thickness 0.2-1.2 mm which consists of main layer (A) and sealing layer (B). The main layer and sealing layer comprises ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer having vinyl acetate content of 21-40 wt.% and 10-21 wt.% respectively.    USE - For solar cell sealing agent used for fixing solar battery element in solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The sheet is excellent in transparency, softness, workability, weather resistance, and cross-linkability. The sheet has favorable adhesivity with upper layer or lower protective layer, and improved insulation characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for sealing structure of solar cell module which has the solar battery element laminated with the main layer and sealing layer comprising ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer having vinyl acetate content of 21-40 wt.% and 10-21 wt.% respectively.
NOVELTY - A solar-cell sealing agent sheet is a cross-linkable laminated sheet having thickness of 0.2-1.2 mm. The sheet has main component layer (A) consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having vinyl-acetate content of 15-40 wt.%, and a sealing layer (B) consisting of ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer having (meth)acrylic acid ester content of 15-35 wt.%.    USE - For sealing structure of solar cell module (claimed) which seal solar battery element with sheet.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell sealing agent sheet has excellent transparency, workability, flexibility, weather resistance, cross-linking characteristic, and insulation property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for sealing structure of solar cell module.
NOVELTY - A phosphosilicate-glass (PSG) layer (3) and a phosphorus diffused layer (2) are formed on a silicon substrate (1) by thermal diffusion of phosphorus in the substrate. The metal impurities are removed by acid treatment of the PSG layer and heat processing of the diffused layer, A silicon wafer is obtained by removing the heat-processed diffused layer formed on the substrate.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell using silicon wafer.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents re-mixing of the metal impurities in the processed substrate, hence durability of the solar cell and characteristics of the solar cell are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the manufacturing process of the solar cell.    silicon substrate (1)    substrate after processing (1')    PSG layer (2)    PSG layer after processing (2')    diffused layer (3)
NOVELTY - The thin film solar cell is obtained by laminating a transparent electrically conductive film (4), a photoelectric converting layer (5) and reverse side electrode layer (6) sequentially on a transparent plastic substrate (3).    USE - As thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film solar cell has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and is manufactured by simple and easy method. The solar cell has lightweight and flexible plastic substrate. The deformation of substrate is prevented during manufacture of solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of thin film solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of the manufacture process of thin film solar cell.    transparent support substrate (1)    transparent adhesion layer (2)    transparent plastic substrate (3)    transparent electrically conductive film (4)    photoelectric converting layer (5)    reverse side electrode layer (6)
NOVELTY - The solder layers (7,8) covering the surface electrode (5) and the reverse side electrode (6) formed at either surfaces of a semiconductor substrate (1), contain 3.5-6.5 wt.% of silver, 0.5-12 wt.% of bismuth, 0.01-0.3 wt.% of nickel, remaining tin and impurity.    USE - Solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode of the solar battery element is covered with lead-free solder without generating silver notching, while ensuring sufficient ohmic contact property and adhesive strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the solar battery element.    semiconductor substrate (1)    surface electrode (5)    reverse side electrode (6)    solder layers (7,8)
NOVELTY - The content rate of silicon-28 isotope used for growing silicon single crystal is 92.3 % or more. The grown silicon single crystal is sliced and processed to form silicon wafer. The photo-voltaic cell is formed at the silicon wafer.    USE - For manufacturing photo-voltaic cell (claimed), e.g. amorphous silicon type solar cell, compound semiconductor type solar cell and silicon single-crystal/poly-crystal type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to manufacture photo-voltaic cell having higher conversion efficiency and low time-dependent deterioration characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photo-voltaic cell.
NOVELTY - Electrode catalyst has carrier comprising electroconductive carbon of 250-1600 m2/g in area where graphite processing is not performed, and 50-400 m2/g in area where graphite processing is performed.    USE - For polymer electrolyte fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion resistance of the catalyst is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell formed using the above catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph representing variation with respect to driving stop cycle number of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The semiconductor comprises a pigment (1-4).    USE - For photoelectric conversion material used in optoelectric transducer used in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and outstanding stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor comprises a pigment of formulae (1-4).    R1,R2 = H, alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic, and optionally bond to form a cyclic structure;    R3-R9 = H or substituent, which optionally bond to form a cyclic structure;    n = 0-4;    R10,R11 = substituent;    X = O or NR21, where NR21 may bond with R11 to form a ring system;    R21,R13 = H or substituent, with at least one -COOM group;    M = H or salt forming positive ion;and    B1,B2 = -CR13= or -N=.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer containing layer of semiconductor for photoelectric conversion material on electroconductive support (1); and    (2) solar cell comprising optoelectric transducer, charge transfer layer (3) and counter electrode (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of an optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive support (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transfer layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor contains pigment (1-5) having at least one -COOM group in the molecule.    USE - For photoelectric conversion material, optoelectric transducer and solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The semiconductor provides solar cell having high photoelectric transfer characteristics and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor contains pigment chosen from formulae (1-5). The pigment has at least one -COOM group in the molecule.    R1-R9,R = hydrogen or substituent;    R1+R2,R2+R3,R3+R4,R9+R = optionally together forms a cyclic structure;    n = 0-4;    Y = -O-, -S(O)M-, or -NR21;    m = 0-2;    Z = -NR21- or -CR22R23;    R21-R23 = same as R1;    M = hydrogen atom or salt formation anion;    A = 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring;    B1,B2 = -CR13= or -N=;and    R10-R13 = substituent.    when n is 1 or more, R6,R7 are mutually coupled together to form cyclic structure.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer comprising layer containing semiconductor formed on electroconductive support (1); and    (2) solar cell having optoelectric transducer, charge transferring layer (3) and counter electrode (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of structure of optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive support (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transferring layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The transparent electrically conductive film is formed at the surface of a substrate (13) having central line average roughness of 10 nm or more by sputtering method. During sputtering process, a negative electric potential is applied to the substrate surface. Thus, transparent electrically conductive film formation is carried out.    USE - For manufacturing electrically conductive film used as transparent-electrode layer of display device and solar cell including CIS type thin-film solar cell having copper-indium-selenium compound (CuInSe2) film.    ADVANTAGE - A low-resistant, defect-free transparent electrically conductive film is favorably formed on the corrugated substrate by sputtering process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline block diagram of conductive film forming apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vacuum chamber (2)    substrate electrode (3)    target (4)    magnet (6)    substrate (13)
NOVELTY - A deposition source (12) of VIb group element is arranged in a vacuum vessel (15), for depositing VIb group element on substrate (7) accommodated in a vacuum vessel (1), through an opening/closing valve (16).    USE - For manufacturing compound thin film containing Cu, In, Ga and Se for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Replenishment of thin film is performed without the need for opening the vacuum vessel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of compound thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline structure of the manufacturing apparatus of compound thin film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    vacuum vessels (1,15)    substrate (7)    deposition source (12)    opening/closing valve (16)    piping heater (22)
NOVELTY - A white polyester film has average reflectance of 90% or more in wavelength of 400-700 nm at surface(s). The difference of 60degrees glossiness of both surfaces of polyester film is 5-80.    USE - For reflecting plate (claimed) of liquid crystal display and internal illumination-type electrical decoration signboard used for advertisements, and used as back sheet for solar cell and base material of acceptor sheet used for recording of paper alternatives such as card, label, sticker and delivery voucher. Also used for image-receiving paper for video printers, poster, map, non-dust paper, display board, white board, telephone card, integrated circuit card, guidance display board, inkjets and barcode printers.    ADVANTAGE - The white polyester film has high reflectance, glossiness, adhesivity and dimensional stability.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage material has several sets of band-like structures (11,12) in which atomic layers are gathered in lamination direction. The structure is obtained by laminating several atomic layers containing six membered ring having carbon atom as main constituent.    USE - For hydrogen storage structure, hydrogen storage apparatus and fuel cell vehicle (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage material has high density and excellent hydrogen storage ability, and is manufactured reliably. The material provides lightweight and compact hydrogen storage apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of hydrogen storage material which involves enlarging gap between atomic layers in graphite group carbon material;    (2) hydrogen storage structure containing hydrogen storage material(s);    (3) hydrogen storage apparatus having hydrogen storage structure;    (4) manufacture of hydrogen storage apparatus which involves press-molding hydrogen storage structure and sealing in pressure resistant tank; and    (5) fuel cell vehicle mounted with hydrogen storage apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the hydrogen storage material.    Band-like structures (11,12)    Slit space (13)
NOVELTY - A metal plate (102) integrally formed at the non-light receiving module surface, has a square C-shaped portion (104) in which plastic molding of electric power conversion substrate (105) is carried out. Electrical connection of electrode (107) of photovoltaic element (101) is carried out to the electric power conversion substrate.    USE - Electric power converter integrated solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Required number of components is reduced, hence assembling process is simplified, while reducing power conversion loss.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of electric power converter integrated solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the electric power converter integrated solar cell module.    photovoltaic element (101)    metal plate (102)    C-shaped portion (104)    electric power conversion substrate (105)    electrode (107)
NOVELTY - The target (4) with electrically conductive film is irradiated with pulse of width in the range of 100 pico second to 100 nano second pulse laser light, to generate scattering particle of wavelength 50nm-100nm vacuum ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV is irradiated on substrate (6) containing carbon atom, so that scattering particle are deposited to form the conductive film (5).    USE - For manufacturing transparent electrically conductive film on substrate used for solar cell, liquid crystal display and touch panel.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to form the conductive film even at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The film is formed in a substrate placed in container maintained at pressure reduction state of gas selected from a group of hydrogen, helium, neon and argon gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic model of the transparent electrically conductive film manufacturing apparatus.    manufacturing apparatus (1)    target (4)    film (5)    substrate (6)    laser light source (2)
NOVELTY - The solar energy battery is composed of the light reflection electrode made of the Al or the Ag material, two Cu In Ga Se (CIGS) film absorbing layers and two consubstantial P-N junctions. The light reflection electrode enhances the effect of light absorption. The P-N junction formed in the CIGS film possesses excellent stability and least defects. The two or above P-N junctions structure improve the effect of the transformation.
NOVELTY - The separators (5A,5B,6) having groove like gas paths and membrane-electrode assembly (2) are alternately stacked in the guide box (40). An adhesive powder is adhered in the surface of the separators, except the gas paths through the photosensitive drums (31A,31B). The separators and membrane-electrode assembly stacked in the guide box are compressed by the press (43) and heater (40C).    USE - For manufacturing fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell stack is manufactured cheaply with simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing apparatus of fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel-cell-stack manufacturing apparatus.    membrane-electrode assembly (2)    separators (5A,5B,6)    photosensitive drums (31a,31B)    guide box (40)    heater (40C)    press (43)
NOVELTY - The electrode plates (2,3) are arranged at both the sides of the polymer electrode (1). A pair of metal plates (4,5) are arranged on both the sides of the electrode plates. An insulation material (6) is arranged at the periphery of the metal plates to seal them.    USE - Used in motor vehicle, co-generation system used for domestic application.    ADVANTAGE - Performs sealing of the unit cell reliably. Enables easy maintenance and free shape design.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the unit cell of fuel cell.    polymer electrolyte (1)    electrode plates (2,3)    metal plates (4,5)    insulation material (6)    flow path (9a)
NOVELTY - A hybrid, regenerative energy device comprises a fuel cell having anode and cathode.    USE - The hybrid, regenerative energy device is used for providing a hybrid, regenerative energy power source to portable electronic devices by providing a microfluidic assembly; providing a substrate adapted to support a catalytic composition; providing a liquid/gas separator adapted to partially partition a gaseous component and a liquid component; providing a fuel cell comprising anode and cathode; and providing electrical connections coupled to the fuel cell component for applying, exploiting, collecting and storing an energy potential for generating power (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invented hybrid, regenerative energy device provides improved control of the rate of delivery/removal of gaseous components to/from a fuel cell solution in addition to improve application of fuel cell technology to power inter alia portable electronic devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hybrid, regenerative energy device comprises microfluidic assembly comprising a microfluidic containment volume. The microfluidic containment volume is adapted to contain a mixture of solid, gas and/or liquid fluid reagent. A substrate is for supporting a catalytic composition adapted to promote catalytic hydrolysis of a liquid-borne fuel precursor to generate a gaseous fuel. A liquid/gas separator is for at least partially partitioning a gaseous component and a liquid component. A fuel cell comprises an anode and a cathode. Electrical connections are coupled to the fuel cell component for applying, exploiting, collecting and/or storing an energy potential for generating power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts a borohydride-based fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A mobile fuel cell system including a fuel cell unit (1) for production of electric energy, an adsorption accumulator (3) associated with the fuel cell unit for heat release, which interacts thermally with a heat exchanger (2) downstream of the fuel cell unit in a cooling circuit (4, 5) associated with the fuel cell unit.    USE - The fuel cell system is useful for supplying electrical energy, e.g. to automobiles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system is simple to construct, takes up less space, and provides quick cold starting, especially at temperatures below freezing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for use of the fuel cell system in starting and in normal operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the system.    fuel cell unit, (1)    heat exchanger, (2)    adsorption accumulator, (3)    cooling circuit. (4, 5)
NOVELTY - The transparent electroconductive laminate has a peelable smooth substrate (1), a transparent conductive layer (2) formed by applying method on the smooth substrate, a pattern-shaped auxiliary-electrode layer (3) formed on the transparent conductive layer, and a transparent base material (5) joined to the auxiliary-electrode layer and transparent conductive layer by an adhesive layer (4).    USE - Used in transparent-electrode portion of device, such as dye-sensitized solar cell and organic electroluminescent element (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electroconductive laminate is inexpensive and excellent in electroconductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) manufacture of the transparent electroconductive laminate; and    (b) device comprising the transparent electroconductive laminate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline sectional drawing of the fundamental structure of the transparent electroconductive laminate.    substrate (1)    transparent conductive layer (2)    auxiliary-electrode layer (3)    adhesive layer (4)    transparent base material (5)
NOVELTY - The composition comprises a silicon compound and a cobalt compound.    USE - For formation of silicon-cobalt film (claimed) used for semiconductor device, solar cell and electric circuit of electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The composition forms silicon-cobalt film with favorable electrical property, inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Cobalt compound is cobalt complex having carbon monoxide and/or pi-ligand.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (a) formation of silicon-cobalt film formation; and    (b) silicon-cobalt film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph of the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) spectrum of silicon-cobalt film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (8) comprises one or more fuel cell assemblies (10); and one or more thermoelectric layers. Each layer comprises one or more thermoelectric devices. Each layer is in contact with at least one of the fuel cell assemblies.    USE - For a fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Provides a cooling system for fuel cell stacks that is compact, cost-efficient, without problems associated with fluid coolants, able to bring a fuel cell to its optimal temperature in a minimal amount of time, and provides uniform temperature distribution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a fuel cell system comprising the fuel cell stack and a heat source/sink; and    (2) a method for controlling a temperature of a fuel cell assembly comprising measuring the temperature of the fuel cell assembly adjacent to the thermoelectric of the fuel cell assembly adjacent to the thermoelectric layers at one or more locations across the fuel cell assemblies; and adjusting a voltage of the power source in response to the measured temperatures to increase or decrease the temperature at the locations of the fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows PEMFC assembly in a fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell stack (8)    Fuel cell assembly (10)    Catalyst (12)    Proton exchange memebrane (14)    Bipolar plate (16a)    Bipolar plate (16b)    Coolant channels (18)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell (11); and windshield washer container (1) for storing windshield washer fluid. The windshield washer fluid contains liquid fuel used for the fuel cell, and the fuel cell directly uses the liquid fuel to generate electric power.    USE - Used as auxiliary power source for very low electric power devices, e.g. automotive vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system is easily installable in an automotive vehicle without newly providing a space for a fuel container of the fuel cell. It can effectively prevent a battery from going flat in long-lasting stopped condition of automotive vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of fuel cell apparatus.    Windshield washer container (1)    Permeable membrane unit (2)    Circulating pumps (4,15)    Fuel cell (11)    Methanol tank (12)    Air filter (17)    Pipes (21,22)    Controller (30)
NOVELTY - A dual chamber fuel cell element (100) comprises a dual chamber fuel cell stack (120) layer comprising anode (130), cathode (150) and electrolyte (140) materials deposited on one side of a substrate.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention increases fuel cell efficiency and is cost efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) fuel cell comprising fuel cell element(s) comprising supported dual chamber fuel cell stack having integrated flow passageways (160) between the fuel cell stack and the support (110); and fuel cell housing; and    (2) a method for forming a dual chamber fuel cell element comprising depositing a fuel cell stack onto a sacrificial material supported by a substrate; removing the sacrificial layer to form flow passageway(s) between the fuel cell stack and substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell element.    Fuel cell element (100)    Support (110)    Fuel cell stack (120)    Anode (130)    Electrolyte (140)    Cathode (150)    Flow passageways (160)
NOVELTY - Fabricating a silicon-containing film involves depositing a thin film of amorphous silicon on a substrate by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process in a reaction chamber; and converting at least a portion of the amorphous silicon to crystalline silicon by irradiating the film with pulsed laser energy in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere.    USE - The method is used for fabricating silicon-containing film for use in composite article. It is useful in formation of multi-layer silicon solar cell structure, and silicon-based thin film transistors (TFTs) (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method allows formation of silicon TFTs that have both amorphous silicon and polycrystalline silicon, and multi-layer silicon solar cells on inexpensive, low-temperature plastic substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a composite article comprising a substrate, and silicon-containing film or multi-layer silicon solar cell structure applied to the substrate; and    (2) a method of fabricating multi-layer silicon solar cell structure, comprising depositing a first thin film comprising phosphorus-doped amorphous silicon on a substrate by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process;    (3) depositing a second thin film comprising undoped amorphous silicon on the first film by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process;    (4) depositing a third thin film comprising boron-doped amorphous silicon on the second film by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process to form the multi-layer silicon solar cell structure; and    (5) converting the amorphous silicon in the multi-layer silicon solar cell structure to crystalline silicon by irradiating the film with pulsed laser energy in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere.
NOVELTY - A resistance in a fuel cell is determined by measuring an initial stack current and stack voltage; changing fuel cell stack load across the fuel cell; immediately reading the output voltage and current of the fuel cell; and calculating the resistance of the fuel cell.    USE - For measuring a resistance in a fuel cell e.g. fuel cell stack, fuel cell array, or individual fuel cell, which is a direct oxidation fuel cell or direct methanol fuel cell, or a hydrogen fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method readily measures the resistance of the fuel cell, which in turn provides information about the hydration within a fuel cell and adequate hydration of the membrane electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a system (100) of measuring resistance of a fuel cell, comprising a fuel cell which generates an output voltage and an output current; a fixed load circuit connected in parallel with the fuel cell element responsive to a control signal for switching the fixed load circuit across the fuel cell; and a measuring device coupled to the fuel cell that measures desired parameters related to the resistance across the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic block diagram of the system of the invention.    System (100)    Dashed box (106)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic solar cell comprises absorber layer(s); and doped window layer(s) having at least two sub-layers, where the first sub-window-layer is adjacent the absorber layer and forms a desirable junction with the absorber layer, and the second sub-window-layer is adjacent the first sub-window-layer and has high optical transmission.    USE - For converting sunlight into electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The p-layer, when incorporated into solar cells, provides single-junction solar cells with greater than 12% initial efficiency and greater than 10% stabilized efficiency. The solar cells exhibit efficiencies that previously could only be achieved using multi-junction solar cells structure such as triple-junction structure. They have only 1/3 of the junctions compared with triple-junction solar cell and, can be fabricated with lower costs in terms of capital, labor and materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for manufacturing a solar cell comprising providing a substrate; depositing semiconductor layers that comprise absorber layer(s) and doped-window layer(s), where the doped window layer comprises at least two sub-window-layers deposited under desirable deposition conditions; and depositing a layer of transparent conductive oxide next to the doped-window layer but not in direct contact with the absorber layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a single junction solar cell having the hybrid p-layer.
NOVELTY - A bipolar plate composite material comprises polybenzoxazine and conductive carbon.    USE - For bipolar plate of fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polybenzoxazine has good workability since there is little volume change during polymerization, has good mechanical and chemical properties, and can be manufactured at a low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for preparing a bipolar plate made of composite material by:    (1) polymerizing monomers synthesized from aromatic diamine, formaldehyde and aromatic alcohol, or from aromatic dialcohol, formaldehyde and amine;    (2) adding conductive carbon while polymerizing the monomers to obtain a mixture; and    (3) injecting the mixture into a mold for the bipolar plate during the polymerization of the monomers to obtain the bipolar plate made of the composite material comprising the conductive carbon uniformly dispersed in a polymer matrix.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a systematic view of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    Anode layer (10a)    Cathode layer (10b)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (15)    Membrane electrode assembly (20)
NOVELTY - A multilayer solid state device comprises a light energy conversion layer, a two-sided conducting layer having a first side secured to the light energy conversion layer and a charge separation layer secured to a second side of conducting layer. The conducting layer ballistically transports charge carriers from the light energy conversion layer to the charge separation layer.    USE - For producing electrical power from light.    ADVANTAGE - The solid state device eliminates the need for an electrolyte when producing electrical power from light and allows for a wider choice of conductor and charge separation layers. The charge carriers can be transported ballistically from the light energy conversion layer to the charge separation layer, without energy loss.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A multilayer solid state device comprises a light energy conversion layer, a two-sided conducting layer having a first side secured to the light energy conversion layer and a charge separation layer secured to a second side of conducting layer. The conducting layer ballistically transports charge carriers from the light energy conversion layer to the charge separation layer eliminating the need for an electrolyte when producing electrical power from light that impinges upon the light energy conversion layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid state device.    Load (32)    Photon energy source (35)    Antireflection coating layer (100)    Transparent spacer (112)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of solar cell array includes forming a control circuit as layer on a semiconductor substrate (1), forming an actuator (9) as layer on the control circuit, forming a solar cell (10) on the actuator, and dividing each of the actuator and solar cell into segments to form a solar cell array having solar cells supported by respective actuators.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell array useful in electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The process makes it possible to design a solar cell compactly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a solar cell array apparatus including a solar cell array manufactured according to the above method and having solar cells supported by respective actuators;    (B) electronic equipment including the solar cell array apparatus; and    (C) an electronic equipment system including pieces of electronic equipment autonomously transmitting or receiving signals to construct a network.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a section showing an intermediate step of solar cell array manufacturing method.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Oxide (2)    Metallic layer (3)    First and second sacrificial layers (4, 8)    Hinge (5)    Yoke (7)    Actuator (9)    Solar cell (10)    Hinge supporting posts (61, 62)
NOVELTY - The photoelectric converting layer (26) containing semiconductor layer (23) adsorbed with plastid at the surface, is electrically connected to another photoelectric converting layer (27) containing semiconductor layer (25) adsorbed with another plastid at the surface. The semiconductor layers are selected from the group consisting of selenide, telluride, arsenic, phosphide, silicon.    USE - Dye sensitizing type optoelectric transducer for solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Achieves high electric power generation by simple technique.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the dye sensitizing type optoelectric transducer.    Substrates (21,22)    Semiconductor layers (23,25)    Photoelectric converting layers (26,27)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor contains a heterocyclic compound (1).    USE - For photoelectric-conversion material and optoelectric transducer used in solar cell (both claimed), such as silicon solar cell, used for electric-power-generation panels of housing installations, tabletop calculators, watches, and portable game machines.    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor exhibits high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor contains a heterocyclic compound of formula (1).    R1-R8,R8' = H or substituent, and R5-R8 and R8' may connect to form a ring;    X = oxygen, NRz, sulfur, or -SO2-;    Rz = H, aliphatic group, aromatic group, or heterocyclic group;    Ra,Rb = H, or substituent of formula (2); and    n = 0, 1 or 2.    At least one of R5-R8 and R8' is carboxyl.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer having the semiconductor provided on an electroconductive support (1); and    (2) solar cell having the optoelectric transducer, a charge transferring layer (3), and a counter electrode (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the structure of optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive support (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transferring layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A hollow portion (7) is provided at the lower surface of a quartz crucible (1a) containing silicon. A discharge port (5) is provided at the lower surface of hollow portion.    USE - For casting apparatus used for casting polycrystalline silicon for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size of the melting apparatus. Enables utilizing silicon efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for melting method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the melting apparatus.    quartz crucible (1a)    top heater (2)    side heater (3)    discharge port (5)    hollow portion (7)
NOVELTY - The container (2) is manufactured using a material consisting of aluminum (alloy), nickel (alloy), and/or nickel-copper alloy.    USE - In substance (hydrogen) storage-supply apparatus used in fuel cell (both claimed) used for electric-power generation in electric and electronic equipment, for accommodating halogenated nano carbon material, and as hold container in reactors used for producing halogenated nano carbon materials.    ADVANTAGE - The container has excellent resistance with respect to halogenated substances. When the container is used in hydrogen storage-supply apparatuses, hydrogen gas free of halogen and halide gases is supplied to the fuel electrode of fuel cells. Hence, corrosion of fuel electrode is prevented and electric-power-generation efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) adsorption filter (3);    (2) substance storage-supply apparatus (20); and    (3) fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of the hydrogen storage-supply apparatus.    Fluorinated nano carbon material (1)    Container (2)    Adsorption filter (3)    Gas filter (4)    Substance storage-supply apparatus (20)
NOVELTY - A polymethine pigment (1) is new.    USE - For semiconductor used for photoelectric conversion materials used in optoelectric transducer and solar cell (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor provides photoelectric conversion material having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymethine pigment (1) is new.    R1-R4 = H or substituent;    R5 = aliphatic group;    A1 = atomic group required to form 3-9C ring with nitrogen atom or carbon;    A2 = atomic group required to form 3-9C ring with carbon atom;    X1 = oxygen or =NRa;    Ra = H, aliphatic group, aromatic group, heterocyclic group or amino group;    X2 = -CRb(CRc)-, -C(=O)-, -C(Rd)=, -N= or -N(Rg)-;    Rb-Rd,Rg = H or substituent;    A3 = atomic group required to from 5 or 6C ring with X2, and Ra and A3 optionally connect to form a condensed ring;and    n = 0-3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (i) semiconductor containing the polymethine pigments of general formulae (1 or 2) having counter ion according to the electric charge of whole molecule;    (ii) optoelectric transducer which has the semiconductor provided on electroconductive support; and    (iii) solar cell having the optoelectric transducer, charge transferring layer and counter electrode.    R1-R5,A1,A2,X1,X2,A3,n = as defined above;    L = bivalent coupling group;and    m = 0 or 1.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fragmentary sectional view of structure of optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive support (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transfer layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage-supply apparatus has sheet-like flow path (5), in which hydrogen discharging and storing medium is circulated, catalyst layer (4) at flow path, hydrogen separation unit (6) at path, and flow hole. Unit (6) separates hydrogen discharging medium and hydrogen, and hydrogen storing medium and hydrogen, respectively. The hydrogen discharging and storing medium, and hydrogen are allowed to flow through flow hole.    USE - For distribution power supply unit and motor vehicle (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen storage-supply apparatus efficiently stores and supplies hydrogen at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) hydrogen storage-supply system, which has hydrogen storage-supply apparatus having supply portion of hydrogen storing medium, a tank unit and a heat exchanger;    (2) distribution power supply unit, which has motor, fuel cell, gas turbine and/or internal combustion engine utilizing hydrogen storage supply system; and    (3) motor vehicle, which has motor, fuel cell, gas turbine and/or internal combustion engine utilizing hydrogen storage supply system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of internal structure of hydrogen storage-supply apparatus.    high heat-conduction substrate (2)    flow path protrusion (3)    catalyst layer (4)    medium flow path (5)    hydrogen separation unit (6)
NOVELTY - An ethanol modifier has an ethylene modification catalyst (51) for producing hydrogen by steam reforming or partial oxidation of ethylene, and an ethanol dehydration catalyst (41) for producing ethylene by dehydration of ethanol (1).    USE - For fuel cell system, and for modification of ethanol (both claimed) to produce hydrogen. For solid polymeric fuel cell used as power supply for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The modification reaction of ethanol is performed at low temperature, and hydrogen is produced efficiently. By-product methane and carbon monoxide is suppressed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) fuel cell system (100) equipped with the ethanol modifier; and    (2) modification method of ethanol. Ethanol is contacted with the ethanol dehydration catalyst, to produce ethylene. The ethylene is contacted with the ethylene modification catalyst, to produce hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of fuel cell system utilizing the ethanol modifier.    ethanol (1)    ethanol dehydration catalyst (41)    modification reaction device (50)    ethylene modification catalyst (51)    fuel cell system (100)
NOVELTY - The processing chamber comprises the lower and upper film-forming cavity walls (102) arranged opposite to the substrate (101) conveyed intermittently through a sealant (103). The heating rolls (105,105') provided at the front stage of a processing chamber, heats a portion of substrate to a preheating temperature.    USE - E.g. plasma-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus used in manufacturing thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses generation of wrinkles in the substrate during processing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for substrate processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the substrate processing apparatus.    substrate (101)    film-forming cavity walls (102)    sealant (103)    heating rolls (105,105')
NOVELTY - The cell has upper electrode film (11), semiconductor film (12) and lower electrode film (13), stacked in order on substrate (10), and resin material (14) and glass plate (15), sealing electrode film (13). A channel (13a) is formed in upper electrode film, parallel to and adjoining a channel (12a) formed in semiconductor film. The substrate and lower electrode film are divided by channel formed from substrate side.    USE - Integrated thin-film type solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive solar cell module, that is manufactured by simple process and that eliminates the need for an insulating layer, is realized    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of integrated thin-film type solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view explaining structure of integrated thin-film type solar cell.    electroconductive substrate (10)    upper electrode film (11)    semiconductor film (12)    lower electrode film (13)    sealing resin (14)    cover glass (15)    channels (11a,12a,13a)
NOVELTY - The coating liquid containing silicon compound, is applied on predetermined region of surface of semiconductor substrate (1) to form etching mask (14). The mask and substrate surface which is not covered with mask, are etched simultaneously.    USE - For manufacturing solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell of high efficiency, is manufactured simply at low cost without using expensive installation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram illustrating solar cell manufacturing method.    semiconductor substrate (1)    anti reflective film (3)    reverse side electrode (5)    etching mask (14)    corrugated structure (15)
NOVELTY - The gas barrier base material (10) has layer (1) comprising a resin material, and layer (2) comprising an inorganic material having a melting point of 1500degreesC or less. Layer (2) is provided on the surface side(s) of layer (1).    USE - For substrate used for display device (both claimed), liquid crystal display elements, solar cells, organic and inorganic electroluminescent elements, surface-emitting components, electronic paper, flat-panel displays, and organic and inorganic electroluminescent backlights, and for packaging foodstuffs, industrial components, and pharmaceuticals.    ADVANTAGE - The gas barrier base material has excellent gas barrier property, flexibility, and reliability. The substrate using the base material has good display quality.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas barrier base material has layer (3) comprising an organic material. The resin material contains polyether sulfone resin or epoxy resin. The organic material contains metal oxides, such as silicon oxide and aluminum oxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) substrate for display device; and    (2) display device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the gas barrier base material.    layer comprising resin material (1)    layer comprising inorganic material (2)    gas barrier base material (10)
NOVELTY - Block-copolymer film consists of block copolymer resin (1) formed of two or more types of mutually incompatible polymers mounted on substrate (2) which has surface roughness of 1 nm or more bonded at the mutual terminals. The film has micro domain structure in which the resin is perpendicularly oriented with respect to substrate surface. Platinum nanoparticles are microdispersed on the surface or inside of the block copolymer film.    USE - For producing catalyst (claimed). The nanoparticles are used for batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The aggregation of platinum nanoparticles in block copolymer film is suppressed and platinum microparticles of nano size are dispersed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) manufacture of block copolymer film, which involves contacting the block copolymer film which has micro domain structure perpendicularly oriented with respect to substrate surface, with vapors of platinum complex and introducing platinum complex into the resin, so that platinum nanoparticles are microdispersed on the surface or inside of the film;    (b) base material supporting platinum nanoparticle, produced by mounting block copolymer film dispersed with platinum nanoparticle on surface or inside of another base material and removing block copolymer resin after decomposition; and    (c) catalyst formed by supporting platinum nanoparticle on a base material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic drawing of vertically oriented lamella structure comprising PA-PB block copolymer resin consisting of block chains PA and PB mounted on substrate and each phase separated into domains and in resin.    resin (1)    substrate (2)
NOVELTY - A solder layer is formed at the surface of electrode of solar battery element (1) which is provided in wafer carrier (2), when the wafer carrier is immersed in solder melt solution (6) in a solder tank (7). A cleaning board (5) is provided at upper surface of solar battery element.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - Impurity adhering to the surface of the electrode of solar battery element is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the solar battery element during manufacture. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    solar battery element (1)    wafer carrier (2)    cleaning board (5)    solder melt solution (6)    solder tank (7)
NOVELTY - Two plastic cases (1, 2) containing inverter module and a solar cell module, respectively, are foldably integrated together. The inverter module contains a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium ion battery, an alkaline cell and an inverter.    USE - Portable solar power generator for illuminating clock, calculator, radio, television, computer, garden and building, for communication in earth-quake area, flood damage area, terrorist attack area, for power supply, for surgery, sea, mountain.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size of device to enhance portability characteristic. Increases life of device. Reduces carbon dioxide emission level. Reduces cost of device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the portable solar power generator.    plastic cases (1,2)    switch (3)    electrical socket (4)    handle (5)    small lid (6)    large lid (7)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric transducer has a pair of electrodes (4,5) and a solid layer (3) between the pair of electrodes. The solid layer contains a charge transportable heterocyclic polymer and fullerene.    USE - For solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has high photoelectric conversion efficiency is economical and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows conceptual diagram of the laminated optoelectric transducer.    transparent film (1)    transparent conductive film (2)    solid layer (3)    counter electrode (4)    working electrode (5)
NOVELTY - A polymer precursor compound (II) is new.    USE - In preparation of conjugated arylene or heteroarylene vinylene polymer, such as poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene), used in devices, such as solar cell, light-emitting diode, integrated circuit (all claimed), organic transistors, photovoltaic devices, and other electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The new polymer precursor compound enables synthesis of low band gap conjugated polymers, in good yield, with high molecular weight, good quality (low defect level in the backbone) and in large scale. The polymer precursor compound exhibits a high molecular weight. The polymer precursor provides polymers without gel formation and requiring no toxic gas (strong acids) during conversion reaction, by a 1-pot polymerization which only allows the synthesis of soluble conjugated polymers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer precursor compound of formula (II), is new.    Ar=aromatic group or heteroaromatic divalent group;and    R 1-R 4=H, or organic group chosen from 1-20C alkyl, cyclic 3-20C alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, and heterocyclic group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (i) preparation of polymer precursor of formula (II); (ii) preparation of polymer comprising structural units of formula (III), which involves subjecting the polymer precursor compound to a thermal conversion step at 30-300 degrees C.Ar,R 3,R 4=as mentioned above;    (iii) conjugated arylene or heteroarylene vinylene polymer of formula (III). The polymer shows a peak at a wavelength higher than 520 nm in the absorption spectrum.    Ar,R 3,R 4=as mentioned above;    and (iv) device comprising the polymer.
NOVELTY - Vehicles using or carrying hydrogen gas have components, which are not normally exposed to hydrogen, coated with a hydrogen-oxygen recombination catalyst as a means of reducing the risk of leaked hydrogen from forming potentially flammable /explosive mixtures.    USE - Used for vehicles powered by, or carrying, hydrogen gas, including fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leaked hydrogen from forming potentially flammable / explosive mixtures in confined spaces e.g. garages or covered car parks.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for coating materials.
NOVELTY - A gas processing device comprises a turbulence generating mechanism for generating turbulence in at least one of two gases so that the gases are mixed.    USE - For diluting purge gas from a fuel cell used as power source for an electric automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is capable of solving the prior art problem by sufficiently mixing and diluting gases. It can suppress localized unevenness in the gas concentration and improves dilution performance. It does not need to provide a space for a diluter or mixer disappears, enabling a space-saving constitution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the turbulence generation from the side.    Housing (101)    Space (102)    Glass wool (103)    Flow passage (110)    Hole structures (111)
NOVELTY - Co-ordination compounds (I) containing 5-haloquinoline or related ligands are new.    USE - (I) are used as monomers in preparation of (partly) conjugated or unconjugated polymers (A), and (A), or (I), are useful in electronic components, specifically organic or polymeric light-emitting diodes; integrated circuits; FETs; thin-film transistors; solar cells and laser diodes (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The halo group in (I) is easily replaced to introduce additional functionality. (I) has good solubility in organic solvents, which facilitates application by spin-coating or printing techniques. (I) are prepared simply by conventional halogenation under mild conditions, with 90-98% yield and high selectivity for incorporation of Halo at the 5-position.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Co-ordination compounds of formula (I) containing 5-haloquinoline or related ligands are new.    Hal = chloro, fluoro, bromo or iodo;    M = various metals;    each A = oxygen, sulfur or selenium;    each Q = N or CR;    each L = 1-35C, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy, 1-40 (sic) C (hetero)aryl or (hetero)aryloxy, cyano, carboxy, iso(thio)cyano, amido, amino, silanyl, halo, hydroxy, thiol, thiolate, thioether or oxo, or two or more L may together combine to form a ring, or each L is a group (Ia) or (Ib), where dotted lines indicate co-ordination to M;    n = 1-6; and    a = 0-5.    The full definitions are given in the DEFINITIONS (Full Definitions) Field.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) method for preparing (I) by selective halogenation of a precursor where Hal is replaced by hydrogen;    (2) method for preparing free ligand by hydrolysis of homoleptic complexes, i.e. where a = 0;    (3) (partly) conjugated or non-conjugated polymers (A) that include one or more (I) as monomers; and    (4) electronic components that include one or more active layers where at least one layer includes one or more (I) or (A).
NOVELTY - A phosphono-substituted dipyromethane is manufactured by reacting aldehyde or acetal having phosphono group with pyrrole to produce phosphono-substituted dipyrromethane. The phosphono is consisting of dialkyl phosphono, diaryl phosphono, or dialkyl phosphono.    USE - The invention is used in the manufacture of phosphono-substituted dipyromethane useful for attachment to metal oxide surfaces for production of solar cells and molecular memory devices. It is used to produce 5-phosphonodipyrromethane; 5-phosphono, 1-acyldipyrromethane; 9-halo, 5-phosphono, 1-acyldipyrromethane; chlorin; porphyrin substituted at 5 position with the phosphono group; phosphonic acid-substituted porphyrin; and coupled porphyrins (claimed).
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer is operated by advancing a first air/fuel mixture having a first air-to-fuel ratio into the fuel reformer.    USE - For operating a fuel reformer for reforming hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate gas, e.g. hydrogen-rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - The invented method avoids the formation of undesirable species, e.g. nitrogen oxides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Operation of a fuel reformer involves advancing a first air/fuel mixture having a first air-to-fuel ratio into the fuel reformer; entrapping soot produced by the fuel reformer in a soot trap; determining if a soot purge of the soot trap is to be performed and generating a purge-soot signal; and advancing a second air/fuel mixture having a second air-to-fuel ratio into the fuel reformer in response to generation of the purge-soot signal. The second air-to-fuel ratio is greater than the first air-to-fuel ratio. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel reformer assembly (10) for producing reformate gas comprising fuel reformer having an air/fuel input assembly and a soot trap, and a reformer controller electrically coupled to the air/fuel input assembly. The controller comprises processing unit, and memory unit electrically coupled to the processing unit. The memory unit has stored instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the processing unit to operate the air/fuel input assembly so as to advance a first air/fuel mixture with a first air-to-fuel ratio into the fuel reformer, determine if a soot purge of the soot trap is to be performed and generate a purge-soot signal, and operate the air/fuel input assembly to advance a second air/fuel mixture having a second air-to-fuel ratio greater than the first air-to-fuel ratio into the fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a simplified block diagram of fuel reforming assembly.    Fuel reformer assembly (10)    Air/fuel input assembly (15)    Signal line (18, 20, 24)    Inlet valve (40)
NOVELTY - Treating fuel cell coolant system comprises contacting fuel cell coolant system with cleaner passivator composition, and rinsing the fuel cell coolant system with rinse solvent. The cleaner-passivator composition comprises complexing agent, surfactant, corrosion inhibitor, or solvent.    USE - For treating fuel cell coolant system for use in, e.g. internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - The invention increases conductivity in fuel cell coolant. It reduces the surface corrosion in fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows current versus potential polarization curve showing the effect of different cleaner-passivation treatments on the corrosion protection of Al 3003.
NOVELTY - Oxygen reduction catalyst contains palladium (in atomic %) (30-95) and transition metal element (5-70). The standard oxidation reduction potential of the transition metal element is 0 V or less.    USE - In direct form fuel cell (claimed) for generation of electric power.    ADVANTAGE - Oxygen reduction catalyst has improved catalytic activity and improves electric power generation efficiency and capability of fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Oxygen reduction catalyst contains palladium (in atomic %) (30-95) and transition metal element (5-70). The standard oxidation reduction potential of the transition metal element is 0 V or less. The oxygen reduction catalyst is used in direct form fuel cell. The fuel cell has an oxidation-reaction catalyst and the oxygen reduction catalyst arranged at both sides of an ionic conductive electrolyte film, and contains carbon and hydrogen as fuel for oxidation by the catalyst and is supplied with liquid fuel. The transition metal element is cobalt, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and/or tantalum. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for direct form fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the concept of the oxygen reduction catalyst. (Drawing includes non- English language text).
NOVELTY - A hydrogen sensor (35) senses the concentration of hydrogen introduced in to-be-measured gas to test chamber through diffusion rate limitation unit, based on the electric current produced by pumping out proton generated in proton conduction layer. A control unit (53) controls temperature of introduced to-be measured gas to sensor side, to predetermined humidity.    USE - For analyzing hydrogen concentration in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The concentration of the hydrogen gas is measured accurately.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the gas analyzer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    analyzer (39)    branched path (43)    pump portion (45)    dehumidification unit (47)    control unit (53)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-permeation filter (3) has a metallic substrate equipped with a hydrogen-permeation regions. The fine grooves (13) of raw material modification unit (2), and the recovery grooves (23) of gas recovery unit (4), oppose respective top and bottom surfaces of hydrogen-permeation regions.    USE - E.g. micro reactor for hydrogen gas production, for use in fuel cell for portable device.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates impurities from generated hydrogen gas, efficiently and rapidly by hydrogen-permeation filter, thereby producing high purity hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the membrane reactor.    membrane reactor (1)    raw material modification unit (2)    hydrogen-permeation filter (3)    gas recovery unit (4)    fine grooves (13)    recovery grooves (23)
NOVELTY - Base material particle (1) of simple substance microparticle or 2 or more types of solid-solution particle of primary particle diameter of nanometer order and metal precursor (3) are mixed in solvent (4). Obtained mixture is irradiated with ultrasonic wave. Metal precursor is reduced and metal coating layer (2) or number atomic layer of nanometer order is precipitated on particle (1) surface, to obtain the catalyst particle.    USE - For manufacturing catalyst particle used for purification of exhaust gas of motor vehicle, for fuel cell and for environmental purification.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient and economical manufacture of catalyst particle with metal(s) of diameter of nanometer order deposited on base material particle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the ultrasonic assistant reduction method of manufacture of the catalyst particle.    base material particle (1)    metal coating layer (2)    metal precursor (3)    solvent (4)    container (10)
NOVELTY - Organic waste water or sludge (1) with dissolved odor component from a storage container is introduced into a pressure-reduction processing apparatus comprising a vacuum generator. The odor component in waste water or sludge is forcibly discharged as gaseous phase. The discharged gas is contacted with alkaline water (8). Odor component is dissolved in water, and collected.    USE - For collecting odor component such as hydrogen sulfide from wastewater or sludge generated from pulp manufacturing industries, sludge-disposal fields, sewage-works coconut urine disposal plants and paper manufacturing industries, used for producing hydrogen gas (claimed) used for fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The method efficiently collects and separates odor component such as hydrogen sulfide from organic wastewater. The hydrogen gas is efficiently manufactured using the hydrogen sulfide. The fuel cell using the hydrogen gas, has excellent power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) production of hydrogen (9,11);    (2) collection equipment of odor component; and    (3) hydrogen production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block flow diagram of the sludge-disposal method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sludge (1)    Waste gas (4)    Alkaline water (8)    Hydrogen (9,11)    Fuel cell (12)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric-conversion material contains a specific heterocyclic ring-containing compound.    USE - For semiconductor electrode used for optoelectric transducer (both claimed) used for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has excellent photoelectric transfer characteristics and conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric-conversion material contains a heterocyclic ring-containing compound of formula (1).    R1,R2 = alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and heterocyclic ring having substituent, and R1 and R2 mutually couples and optionally forms a cyclic structure;    R3 = bivalent alkylene group, bivalent arylene group, and bivalent heterocyclic ring optionally having substituent;    R4 = coupling group capable of coupling with R3 and A1 ring;    R6, R7, R9, R10 = hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, and heterocyclic ring optionally having substituent;    R5, R8, R11 = alkyl group and aryl group having substituent;    X1-X4 = oxygen atom, sulfur atom, selenium atom, dicyano methylene group, cyano-carboxyl methylene, dicarboxyl methylene group, and trifluoro-carboxyl methylene group;    A1-A3 = 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring;and    m-o = 0-3.    The carbon-carbon double bond of heterocyclic ring-containing compound is E type or Z type.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (i) semiconductor electrode, which has a substrate having electroconductivity in surface, a semiconductor layer coated on electroconductive surface, and a pigment absorbed to the surface of the semiconductor layer. The pigment contains heterocyclic-ring-containing compound of formula (1-3); and    (ii) optoelectric transducer, which has semiconductor electrode.    R12, R13, R19, R20 = same as R1;    R14 = R3;    R15 = R4;    R16-R18, R21, R22 = R8;    X5-X8 = X1;    A4-A6 = A1;    n4 = n1;and    R23 = hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkenyl group, and halogen atom.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor contains specified dye (1).    USE - For photoelectric conversion material for optoelectric transducer of solar cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor provides optoelectric transducer with improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor contains dye of formula (1).    A = aryl group or (un)substituted heterocyclic group;    R1 and R2 = H or substituent, R1 and R2 optionally couple to form cyclic structure;    M = H or salt forming cation;    Y = -O- or -NR'-;    R' = H or substituent;    R = alkyl or aryl group;and    n = 0-4.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) optoelectric transducer, which has a layer containing the semiconductor provided on an electroconductive support material (1); and    (2) solar cell, which has the optoelectric transducer, charge transferring layer (3) and counter electrode (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the optoelectric transducer.    Electroconductive support material (1)    Photosensitive layer (2)    Charge transferring layer (3)    Counter electrode (4)
NOVELTY - The laminate has a titanium oxide thin film formed on an electroconductive substrate. The titanium oxide thin film is formed using 60-99 wt.% titanium oxide particles and 1-40 wt.% titanium hydroxide.    USE - For semiconductor electrodes used for dye-sensitized solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The laminate has excellent adhesion to the substrate, flexibility, strength and visible light permeability. It is manufactured economically. The semiconductor electrode using the laminate, has excellent photoelectric conversion effect, and is flexible and lightweight without breakage of substrate.
NOVELTY - The optoelectric transducer has a counter electrode (6) comprising a conductive polymer, which includes an electrolyte.    USE - As dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has favorable photoelectric transfer characteristics. The conductive polymer precursor remaining in electrolyte is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacture of optoelectric transducer;    (2) electronic apparatus;    (3) manufacture of electronic apparatus;    (4) electrode; and    (5) formation of electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of principal portion of dye-sensitized solar cell.    transparent board (1)    transparent electrode (2)    metal-oxide semiconductor layer (3)    board (4)    electrode (5)    counter electrode (6)
NOVELTY - The cell module has cross link structured ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composition (21) including electricity generating element (22). The organization peroxide is decomposed into oxide, when temperature of EVA composition is 108degreesC. The EVA composition is placed between the two polycarbonate boards (20). The vinyl acetate content rate of EVA is 27 weight % or more.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the cost of the solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    EVA composition (21)    electricity generating element (22)    poly carbonate board (20)
NOVELTY - An ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer composition (21) contains mica added with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The amount of mica is 50 wt.pts or less of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.    USE - For sealing of photovoltaic cell (claimed) such as solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer composition suppresses the manufacturing cost of solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of a solar cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    white glass board (20)    ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer composition (21)    electricity generating component (22)    back cover (23)
NOVELTY - The assembly to convert thermal and/or radiation energy (hv) into electrical energy has at least one electrochemical cell (12), within a gas-tight zone (10) containing hydrohalogen and preferably hydrogen bromide (HBr) or hydrogen iodide (HI). The anode (14) has a multi-layer structure, with a graphite layer (26) in contact with the electrolyte (18) to take the discharge of the negative charged halogen ions (X-) in the electrolyte. The layer (28) next to the graphite has a substance which reacts with the halogen atoms (X) to give a halide salt which forms hydrohalogen (HX) with the hydrogen (H2,H) taken by the anode to escape from the layer. The cathode (16) is of porous graphite.    USE - The system is for the conversion of heat and/or solar energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell gives an effective and continuous supply of electricity from thermal and/or solar energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic section through the electrochemical cell assembly.    gas-tight zone (10)    electrochemical cell (12)    anode (14)    cathode (16)    electrolyte (18)    graphite layer (26)    layer next to the graphite (28)    hydrogen (H2)    thermal and/or solar energy (hv)    hydrohalogen (HX)
NOVELTY - Solar absorber (1) comprises an edge zone containing nitrides and carbides which can be converted by plasma diffusion on the side facing light. Microstructures are formed in the edge zone.    USE - For solar collectors.    ADVANTAGE - The solar absorber can be used at high operating temperatures and is corrosion resistant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the solar absorber.    solar absorber (1)    upper part (2)    lower part (3)    bars (4)    channels (5)
NOVELTY - Device for increasing the fuel concentration in a liquid mixture of fuel and carrier comprises a fuel storage unit with a flow passage comprising a membrane that is permeable to the fuel but not to the carrier, the transport properties of the membrane being such that fuel can be passively added to the mixture flowing through the passage.    USE - The device is useful for increasing the fuel concentration in a liquid mixture of fuel and carrier, especially an alcohol-water mixture supplied to the anode of a direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The device is simple in construction and operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for increasing the fuel concentration in a liquid mixture of fuel and carrier by passing the mixture through a device as above.
NOVELTY - Coating comprises first and second films that have been applied on top of each other and comprise a transparent conducting oxide and electron donor. The second film has relatively greater than or equal to 10 % less electron donor than the first film.    USE - For application to substrate, e.g. solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Develops upper electrode for a solar cell having good electrical conductivity and optimal surface morphology.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for applying the coating to a substrate comprising applying to the substrate the first and second mixture having precursor(s) for transparent conducting oxide and electron donor.
NOVELTY - A power swing adsorption (PSA) unit (12) includes a rotating valve system having a rotary feed valve and a rotary product valve, and a mass flow control device positioned in a hydrogen output port. A controller controls the cycling speed of the rotary valves within the valve system and the position of the mass flow control device, so as to control the pressure within hydrogen output port.    USE - For producing purified hydrogen in fuel processor for hydrogen fuel cell engine used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables removing byproducts from gas to produce purified gas efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) gas purifying system; and    (2) method for purifying gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of the fuel processor system.    PSA unit (12)    primary reactor (14)    heat exchangers (20,24)    combustor (30)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer, especially for fuel cell operations, for production of hydrogen-containing reformate from fuel or hydrocarbon mixture by partial oxidation and/or autothermal reforming process, comprises catalyst for catalytic reaction(s); and a gas supply member for supplying reactants including air (12) and/or oxygen. The gas supply member has outlets distributed along flow path of fuel or hydrocarbon mixture and/or the reformate (14).    USE - For catalytic manufacture of hydrogen, especially for fuel cell operations for production of hydrogen-containing reformate (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reformer provides improved local reaction temperatures with increased conversion of hydrocarbons to hydrogen, decreased residual carbon monoxide formation, and increased yield of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operation of fuel reformer (1) for catalytic manufacture of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of reformer for production of hydrogen.    Fuel reformer (1)    Gas supply member (2)    Gas supply outlets (4-6)    Catalyst (7)    Flow path (9)    Reactants (11)    Air (12)    Reformate (14)
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprising metal chosen from ruthenium, rhodium and/or nickel, provided on a support chosen from beta-zeolite, mordenite and/or faujasite.    USE - For carbon monoxide methanation reactions for fuel cells such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Selective methanation is performed using the catalyst, thereby reducing carbon monoxide to a concentration level such that the residual hydrogen is suitable for use as fuel in the fuel cell, and over all efficiency of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the carbon monoxide reduction performance of the catalyst comprising ruthenium (2 wt.%) and catalyst comprising ruthenium (4 wt.%).
NOVELTY - A carbon-monoxide methanation catalyst comprises metal on a support. The metal is capable of forming metal-carbonyl species. The support has a predetermined pore size of dimensions sufficient to allow the pore to accommodate a fully carbonylated metal complex.    USE - For methanation of carbon oxide for PEM fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive catalyst is highly selective for carbon monoxide (CO) methanation, suppresses carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation, and does not facilitate conversion of CO2 to CO through water-gas-shift reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbon-oxide methanation reaction for fuel cell, including passing a mixture of gases over the above catalyst in a reaction zone having a temperature below the temperature at which the shift reaction occurs and above the temperature at which the selective methanation of carbon monoxide occurs.
NOVELTY - Provided is a lithium ion polymer battery system for a fuel cell hybrid electric automobile to improve the output performance by increasing the internal temperature of a battery cell at a low temperature and to enhance the vehicle performance by increasing the power limit of a battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lithium ion polymer battery system comprises a battery pack which comprises a laminate of a plurality of lithium ion polymer battery cells (10) and is used as an auxiliary power source of a fuel cell hybrid electric automobile; a thermistor (20) which senses the temperature of the battery cells when the battery cells are charged or discharged; and a battery management system (30) where a DC/DC converter (31) and a resistor (32) are arranged and which reads the sensed temperature from the thermistor and increases the internal temperature of the battery cells when the battery cells are charged or discharged if the read temperature is below a certain temperature.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) has a hydrogen storage discharge unit (a), hydrogen containers (2,3) containing hydrogen occlusion alloy, fuel cell control unit (b), fuel supply unit of reformed gas of modifier or container (3), hydrogen pressure rise unit having container (3) and fuel cell (4), and electric power output unit having fuel cell and power distribution portion (7).    USE - For portable apparatus and portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system has excellent durability, and is inexpensive and maintenance free. The system is started quickly and safely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system (1) has a hydrogen storage discharge unit (a), hydrogen containers (2,3) containing hydrogen occlusion alloy, fuel cell control unit (b), fuel supply unit of reformed gas of modifier or container (3), hydrogen pressure rise unit having container (3) and fuel cell (4), and electric power output unit having fuel cell and power distribution portion (7). The unit (b) has electronic control portion (6), heat generating structure (5) and detection system of unit (a).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system diagram of fuel cell system.    fuel cell system (1)    hydrogen containers (2,3)    fuel cell (4)    heat generating structure (5)    electronic control portion (6)    power distribution portion (7)
NOVELTY - An urethone-imine compound (1) having unsaturated double bond in the molecule, is new.    USE - For forming polymer used for gel-like composition and ionic conductive composition that is used for electrochemical element (all claimed) such as secondary battery, solar cell, capacitor and electrochromic display element. Also used for coating materials, decorative board, industrial equipment, image display material, housing base material and electronic material. Polymer is used for surface modification of base materials such as glass, metal, fabric, film and sheet.    ADVANTAGE - The urethone-imine compound is decomposed into functional groups such as isocyanate group and carbodiimide group, which act as dehydrating agent and hydrolysis-reaction inhibitor. Polymerization of urethone-imine compound is carried out favorably in presence of solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An urethone-imine compound of formula (1) having unsaturated double bond in the molecule, is new.    R1 = hydrogen or alkyl; and    n = 2-6.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) polymer formed by polymerizing urethone-imine compound as a polymerization component;    (2) gel-like composition containing polymer;    (3) ionic conductive composition containing polymer;    (4) electrochemical element containing ionic conductive composition; and    (5) surface modified base material obtained by coating surface of base material with polymer.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generation device comprises raw-material supplying unit (9), water supplying unit (10), and modification portion (8) having heating unit, carbon monoxide transformation portion, carbon monoxide removal portion connected in order. The unit (9) sets increase and decrease of vibration of raw-material feed rate.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas used as fuel for polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen generation device has excellent modification efficiency, durability and reliability, and prevents overloading of catalyst for uniform flow of raw materials. Deterioration of system of the hydrogen generation device, and catalyst are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the modification portion of the hydrogen generation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    modification portion (8)    raw-material supplying unit (9)    water supplying unit (10)    catalyst layer (13)    electric blower (20)
NOVELTY - Optical absorption layer (13) is arranged between transparent electrode layer (16) and adjustment back electrode layer (12), such that the work function of material contacting the optical absorption layer and adjustment back electrode layer is equal to or greater than the Fermi energy of optical absorption layer material.    USE - For heterojunction solar cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves increase of opening voltage by optimization of contact with optical absorption layer and adjustment back electrode layer, and improves conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the heterojunction solar cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    substrate (11)    adjustment back electrode layer (12)    optical absorption layer (13)    window layer (15)    transparent electrode layer (16)
NOVELTY - The corrugated surface (12) of a crystal substrate (11) is irradiated with laser beam to form an anti-reflective film (14) on the substrate and a groove (16) in the substrate. The isotropic etching of groove is performed and dry ice particles are blasted into the groove to remove the crystal defects and burr (16b) present in the groove. An electroconductive material is applied to the groove to form an electrode.    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic cell (claimed), e.g. solar cell used for electric power generation application.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the contact resistance between substrate and electrode, and increases the contact area of substrate and electrode, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the cell and improving electric power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the manufacturing method of the photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    crystal substrate (11)    corrugated surface (12)    n-type layer (13)    anti-reflective film (14)    groove (16)    burr (16b)
NOVELTY - A zinc oxide reflecting film (4) provided between the photovoltaic elements (3,5) formed of amorphous silicon and fine crystal silicon, respectively has peak value of the X-ray diffraction intensity in the (022) surface, that is two times or less than the peak value of the X-ray diffraction intensity in the (004) surface.    USE - Photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - The joining characteristic of the reflecting film and the photovoltaic element containing fine crystal silicon is improved, which also improves the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the photovoltaic cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    support substrate (1)    amorphous silicon photovoltaic element (3)    zinc oxide reflecting film (4)    fine crystal silicon photovoltaic element (5)    photovoltaic cell (100)
NOVELTY - The method involves forming an uneven structure at main surface side of a P-type or N-type semiconductor substrate (5) by dry etching. The amount of etching performed on main surface side is greater than 0.015 mg per unit substrate area in cm2.    USE - For manufacturing silicon solar cell for inverter module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of damage in substrate at time of removing etching residue, thereby improving characteristics of solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of the solar cell.    etching residue (1)    pillar portion (2)    uneven projection portion (3)    reverse conductivity-type semiconductor region (4)    semiconductor substrate (5)
NOVELTY - The element has a short-circuit prevention layer (3) consisting of N-type conductive polymer including fullerene formed between cathode layer (2) arranged on a substrate (1), and a N-type semiconductor layer (4) having porous metal oxide layer. A P-type semiconductor layer (6) is arranged on the N-type semiconductor layer.    USE - E.g. solar-cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the energy conversion efficiency by preventing the short circuit between P-type semiconductor layer and cathode layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid-type pigment sensitization element manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the solid pigment type sensitization element.    substrate (1)    cathode layer (2)    short-circuit prevention layer (3)    N-type semiconductor layer (4)    pigment (5)    P-type semiconductor layer (6)    anode layer (7)