TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: (1) further comprises a regeneration cell coupled to the fuel cell. The regeneration cell comprises an anode (b1), cathode (b2), alkaline chloride electrolyte and a membrane (m2) separating (b1) and (b2). (b1) and (b2) comprise a bipolar array formed from a single graphite carbon electrode having two sides, where a first side is (b1) and a second is (b2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon comprises an activated carbon or carbon recovered from organic waste. (a1) is selected form catalytically enhanced carbon, nickel metals and graphite. (a2) is selected from stainless steel, catalytic carbon, porous nickel, oxygen-reacting cathode, and graphite. (m1) comprises at least one of a proton permeable membrane and a ceramic cloth. (a3) is selected from alkaline hydroxide and a hydrated alkaline earth chloride (preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrated magnesium chloride, hydrated calcium chloride, hydrated strontium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, iron carbonate, magnesium carbonate and/or cerium carbonate). (b1) is coated titanium or catalyzed carbon. (m2) is a proton permeable membrane. The alkaline chloride electrolyte is sodium chloride or potassium chloride. (a4) is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. In (3), the carbonate is magnesium carbonate, iron carbonate, manganese carbonate and cerium carbonate. In (3), the anode and the cathode comprise a nickel metal. In (P2), the carbon is carbon recovered from organic waste. The electrolyte of (P2) is an alkaline hydroxide and/or an alkaline metal hydrate.Preferred Method: The method (P2) further involves adding water to the at least one of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide before contacting the carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon comprises an activated carbon or carbon recovered from organic waste. (a1) is selected form catalytically enhanced carbon, nickel metals and graphite. (a2) is selected from stainless steel, catalytic carbon, porous nickel, oxygen-reacting cathode, and graphite. (m1) comprises at least one of a proton permeable membrane and a ceramic cloth. (a3) is selected from alkaline hydroxide and a hydrated alkaline earth chloride (preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrated magnesium chloride, hydrated calcium chloride, hydrated strontium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, iron carbonate, magnesium carbonate and/or cerium carbonate). (b1) is coated titanium or catalyzed carbon. (m2) is a proton permeable membrane. The alkaline chloride electrolyte is sodium chloride or potassium chloride. (a4) is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. In (3), the carbonate is magnesium carbonate, iron carbonate, manganese carbonate and cerium carbonate. In (3), the anode and the cathode comprise a nickel metal. In (P2), the carbon is carbon recovered from organic waste. The electrolyte of (P2) is an alkaline hydroxide and/or an alkaline metal hydrate.Preferred Method: The method (P2) further involves adding water to the at least one of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide before contacting the carbon dioxide. EXAMPLE - A fuel comprising 316 stainless steel cathode and graphite anode was built. The effective surface area of anode and cathode was 8 square inches. The gap between the anode and cathode with no internal diaphram was 1 inch. 70% Sodium hydroxide solution (400 ml) having activated carbon (10 g) was prepared. Cerium sulfate (4 g) was added to this solution. At an operating temperature of 135degreesC, the cell produced 0.7 volts open circuit. It produced 37.5 milliamps at 0.5 volts. In order to better establish the reaction rate for carbon, a rectifier was attached to provide a voltage and current flow. At an induced 1.5 volts and 6.3 amps, the cell produced 1.8 volts and 7.9 amps. The output less input was 4.8 watts or 94 milliwatts/cm2. It was found that at 135degreesC, even a crude carbon-fueled cell was capable of practical electricity production. This cell had no oxygen fed to the cathode and hence operated strictly as a hydrogen producing cell, demonstrating the practically of electrolytic production of hydrogen from cathode.