TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The smallest population of the carbon particles in the conductive material is 1-50%, preferably 10-15%. Preferred Component: Population A is a population of carbon black powder and population B is a population of carbon flakes. The conductive material further comprises a population of electrically conductive carbon flakes having D50% of 20-90 microns. It further comprises a population of conductive carbon fibers. Preferred Property: The carbon black powder has a D50% of 0.01-0.05, preferably 0.03 microns and the carbon flakes have a D50% of 50-120, preferably 90-120 microns. The carbon fibers have an average length of 120-200 microns, and an average diameter of 3-30 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The smallest population of the carbon particles in the conductive material is 1-50%, preferably 10-15%. Preferred Component: Population A is a population of carbon black powder and population B is a population of carbon flakes. The conductive material further comprises a population of electrically conductive carbon flakes having D50% of 20-90 microns. It further comprises a population of conductive carbon fibers. Preferred Property: The carbon black powder has a D50% of 0.01-0.05, preferably 0.03 microns and the carbon flakes have a D50% of 50-120, preferably 90-120 microns. The carbon fibers have an average length of 120-200 microns, and an average diameter of 3-30 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The porous material is a polymeric material from matted fibers, needled fibers, woven fibers, or porous polymers made by pressing polymer beads, (preferably foams, bundled fibers and woven or nonwoven fibers). The polymeric material is polyurethane foams (preferred), melamine foams, polyvinyl alcohol foams, or nonwoven felts, woven fibers or bundles of fibers made of polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, cellulose, polyacrylonitrile, and/or Rayon. It can also be a felted polyurethane foam, reticulated polyurethane foam (preferred), or felted reticulated polyurethane foam. It can also be a polyether polyurethane foam or a polyester polyurethane foam. The porous material is coated with the electrically conductive material.