NOVELTY - Production of a conductive polyaniline stably dispersed in organic solvent, comprises oxidative polymerizing aniline or its derivative in presence of component(s) consisting of sulfonic acids or water-insoluble organic polymers having protonic acid group in mixed layer composed of aqueous layer and organic layer, during which it establishes the presence of molecular weight adjusting agent and, optionally, phase transfer catalyst.    USE - The method is for production of a conductive polyaniline stably dispersed in organic solvent, useful for an organic polymer composition for coating a conductive substrate for use in a counter electrode of a photovoltaic device or dye-sensitized solar cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method produces conductive polyaniline having high electroconductivity at a high yield. It provides a conductive substrate able to be easily obtained inexpensively at a high yield, and exhibiting a performance equal to or better than a counter electrode having a conventional platinum thin film. It provides a counter electrode capable of forming at a low production cost under a low temperature, while having a performance equal to or better than a counter electrode having a conventional platinum thin film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a photovoltaic device comprising a photoelectrode (14) composed of a transparent conducting layer (12) and a metal oxide semiconductor mesoporous film (13), a counter electrode (15) located opposite to the photoelectrode, and an electrolyte layer (16) containing a redox couple present between the electrodes, the counter electrode being formed by the conductive substrate; and    (2) a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a metal oxide semiconductor mesoporous film of the photoelectrode, and a photosensitizing dye carried on it.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a photovoltaic device and dye-sensitized solar cell.    Transparent conducting layer (12)    Metal oxide semiconductor mesoporous film (13)    Photoelectrode (14)    Counter electrode (15)    Electrolyte layer (16)