TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The first material is selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, iridium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and/or strontium-titanium oxide.The second material is selected from metal oxides, gallium phosphide, silicon carbide and/or cadmium sulfide.The first electrode comprises: a transparent substrate comprising a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI) and triacetate cellulose (TAC); and a conductive film formed on the transparent substrate comprising a material selected indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), ZnO-Ga2O3, ZnO-Al2O3 and SnO2-Sb2O3.The second electrode comprises: a transparent substrate comprising a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI) and triacetate cellulose (TAC); and a conductive film comprising first and second conductive layers, where the first conductive layer comprises a material selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), ZnO-Ga2O3, ZnO-Al2O3 and SnO2-Sb2O3, and the second layer comprises a precious metal.The dye comprises a metal complex of ruthenium and another metal selected from aluminum, platinum, palladium, europium, lead and iridium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The first material is selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, iridium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and/or strontium-titanium oxide.The second material is selected from metal oxides, gallium phosphide, silicon carbide and/or cadmium sulfide.The first electrode comprises: a transparent substrate comprising a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI) and triacetate cellulose (TAC); and a conductive film formed on the transparent substrate comprising a material selected indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), ZnO-Ga2O3, ZnO-Al2O3 and SnO2-Sb2O3.The second electrode comprises: a transparent substrate comprising a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI) and triacetate cellulose (TAC); and a conductive film comprising first and second conductive layers, where the first conductive layer comprises a material selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), ZnO-Ga2O3, ZnO-Al2O3 and SnO2-Sb2O3, and the second layer comprises a precious metal.The dye comprises a metal complex of ruthenium and another metal selected from aluminum, platinum, palladium, europium, lead and iridium.