WO2005087741-A1  SHELNUTT J.A. ET AL: &apos;Electronic Structure of the Porphyrin Ring in an Electrostatically Bound pi-pi Xomplex. Methylviologen-Metallouroporphyrin Compexes.&apos; J.PHYS.CHEM vol. 88, no. 25, 06 December 1984, pages 6121 - 6127, XP002989418;  SHELNUTT J.A. ET AL: 'Electronic Structure of the Porphyrin Ring in an Electrostatically Bound pi-pi Xomplex. Methylviologen-Metallouroporphyrin Compexes.' J.PHYS.CHEM vol. 88, no. 25, 06 December 1984, pages 6121 - 6127, XP002989418;  SLAMA-SCHWOK A. ET AL: &apos;Caroviologen molecular wires:pulse radiolysis of bis (pyridinium) polyenes.&apos; J.PHYS.CHEM vol. 96, no. 25, 10 December 1992, pages 10559 - 10565, XP002989419;  SLAMA-SCHWOK A. ET AL: 'Caroviologen molecular wires:pulse radiolysis of bis (pyridinium) polyenes.' J.PHYS.CHEM vol. 96, no. 25, 10 December 1992, pages 10559 - 10565, XP002989419;  See also references of EP 1724261A1EP1724261-A1  No further relevant documents disclosed;  See also references of WO 2005087741A1;  See references of WO 2005087741A1US8436242-B2  Dupuis et al., &quot;Photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer systems based on porphyrin dyads for optical limiting&quot;, Chemical Physics Letters, 1999.;  Ghosh et al., &quot;Charge seperation, charge recombination and electron transfer reactions in solutions of fullerene-C60 and phenothiazines&quot;, Chemical Physics Letters, 1997.;  Nanasawa et al., &quot;Synthesis of viologens with extended pi-conjugation and their photochromic behavior on near IR absorption&quot;, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000.;  Okura et al., &quot;Photoredox properties of Viologen Linked Porphyrins&quot;, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1987.;  Shelnutt, &quot;Metal Effects on Metalloporphyring and on their pi-pi Charge Transfer complexes with aromatic acceptors&quot;, Inorganic Chemistry, 1983.;  Shelnutt. &quot;Electronic Structure of the Porphyrin Ring in an Electrostatically Bound ~p-~p Complex.&quot; J. Phys. Chem. 88.25(1984):6121-6127.;  Slama-Schwok. &quot;Caroviologen Molecular Wires: Pulse Radiolysis of Bis(pyridinium) Polyenes.&quot; J. Phys. Chem. 96.25(1992):10559-10565.;  Wang et al., &quot;Generating hydrogen by tin-porphyrin in microheterogeneous systems&quot;, Topics in Current Chemistry, 2002.