TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The ionically conductive protective membrane comprises composite. The composite comprises two material components. The first material component is in contact with the anode ionically conductive and chemically compatible with the active metal of the anode. The second material component is in contact with the first material component. The second material is ionically conductive and chemically compatible with the first material component and cathode structures. The cell is operated so that the anode is supplemented by fresh lithium metal required to provide continuous operation for as long as desired. The cell includes polymer electrolyte membrane hydrogen gas/oxygen gas fuel cell to capture hydrogen released in fuel cell redox reaction. Preferred Methods: The anode is supplemented by fresh lithium metal by contacting the exiting lithium of anode with additional lithium having lithium bonding coat so that the additional lithium bonds to the original lithium. The cell comprises Preferred Properties: The ionic conductivity of protective membrane is greater than or equal to10-5S/cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode oxidant comprises air, water, or hydrogen peroxide. The protective membrane is composite laminate and is graded composite. The active metal of anode is lithium (alloy). The first component comprises active metal nitrides, active metal phosphides, active metal halides, or active metal phosphorus oxynitride glass. The first layer is lithium nitride, lithium phosphide, lithium iodide, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, or lithium phosphoxynitride. The second component comprises glassy or amorphous metal ion conductors, ceramic active metal ion conductors, or glass-ceramic active metal ion conductors. The ion conductive glass-ceramic comprises (mol.%) phosphorus oxide (26-55), silicon dioxide (0-15), mixture of germanium oxide and titanium dioxide (25-50), zirconium dioxide (0-10), element oxide (0-less than 0), aluminum oxide (0-15), gallium oxide (0-15), and lithium oxide (3-25). The ion conductive glass ceramic contains predominant crystalline phase made of lithium (element, aluminum, gallium) (germanium titanide) phosphorus oxide of structure Li1+x(M,Al,Ga)x(Ge1-yTiy)2-x(PO4)3 and/or Li1+x'+yQx'Ti2-x'SiyP3-yO12.M = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Tb;Q = Al or Ga;X = less than or equal to0.8;andY = greater than or equal to0-less than or equal to1The anode comprises solid state lithium metal dissolved in solvent. The bonding coat is silver or other lithium-alloying material. The bulk lithium metal is fed to the solution keeping the solution near or at the lithium solubility limit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode oxidant comprises air, water, or hydrogen peroxide. The protective membrane is composite laminate and is graded composite. The active metal of anode is lithium (alloy). The first component comprises active metal nitrides, active metal phosphides, active metal halides, or active metal phosphorus oxynitride glass. The first layer is lithium nitride, lithium phosphide, lithium iodide, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, or lithium phosphoxynitride. The second component comprises glassy or amorphous metal ion conductors, ceramic active metal ion conductors, or glass-ceramic active metal ion conductors. The ion conductive glass-ceramic comprises (mol.%) phosphorus oxide (26-55), silicon dioxide (0-15), mixture of germanium oxide and titanium dioxide (25-50), zirconium dioxide (0-10), element oxide (0-less than 0), aluminum oxide (0-15), gallium oxide (0-15), and lithium oxide (3-25). The ion conductive glass ceramic contains predominant crystalline phase made of lithium (element, aluminum, gallium) (germanium titanide) phosphorus oxide of structure Li1+x(M,Al,Ga)x(Ge1-yTiy)2-x(PO4)3 and/or Li1+x'+yQx'Ti2-x'SiyP3-yO12.M = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Tb;Q = Al or Ga;X = less than or equal to0.8;andY = greater than or equal to0-less than or equal to1The anode comprises solid state lithium metal dissolved in solvent. The bonding coat is silver or other lithium-alloying material. The bulk lithium metal is fed to the solution keeping the solution near or at the lithium solubility limit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is hexamethyl phosphor amide (preferred), ammonia, organic amides, and/or amines. The solvent is preferably methyl amine.