TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-reactant is: provided in (B) to bind sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, alkali metals, heavy metals and/or radionuclides in (A) into a stable mineral structure; a calcium compound, a magnesium compound, an aluminum compound, a silicon compound, a phosphate compound, a kaolin or other clay, a bentonite and/or an alumina-silica compound; and forms a higher melting point salt or a water insoluble compound with an element of a compound in (A). (D) comprises steam, and where (A) contains water and at least a portion of the steam is provided by evaporating the water, where solid carbon or another solid carbonaceous material is provided in (C) and where the solid carbonaceous material reacts with the steam to provide at least one reductant, where the steam provides the bed with heat energy, and provides an average reaction bed gas velocity of at least 2 feet per second. The carbonaceous material comprises a charcoal or a sugar. (A) contains: metal ions, where a fluoride or chloride compound is provided in (C) for converting the metal ions into a volatile metal fluoride or metal chloride, and where the operating temperature is above a volatilization temperature of the metal chloride or metal fluoride; a non-volatile sulfur compound, where an additive is introduced into (B) to convert the non-volatile sulfur compound into a volatile sulfur compound, and where the operating temperature is above a volatilization temperature of the volatile sulfur compound; organics; a compound of an alkaline earth element, and where the co-reactant is a compound of aluminum or phosphorus that forms a high melting point salt with the alkaline earth element; a water soluble compound of sodium, and where the co-reactant is an alumina-silica compound that forms a water insoluble compound with the sodium; and an acid gas, and where the co-reactant is provided in (C) for converting the acid gas into solids. The fluidizing gas comprises: superheated steam, an oxidizing gas, a waste gas, an off-gas, a reducing gas, a syn gas, a combustion gas, an inert gas, air or a mixture of steam and at least one of the other gases; steam and at least one other gas, the amount of the steam is sufficient to keep the total gas flow through (C) at greater than 20% steam; or steam, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, methane, ammonia, a gaseous compound with (a) or a mixture of steam and at least one of the other gases. The additive is: a carbonaceous material, a reductant, a catalyst or a second co-reactant; and a copper, cobalt, iron and/or nickel oxalate, oxide or nitrate. The additive comprises: a solid carbonaceous material, a soluble carbonaceous material, carbon dioxide and/or other gaseous carbonaceous material; and elemental iron, molybdenum, boron, nickel, copper, cobalt, cerium, platinum, palladium, an oxide and/or other compound of the elements. The oxidant comprises oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. (C) comprises particles of inert material, inert beads and at least one fluidized medium. The inert beads comprise amorphous alumina beads. (A) comprises off-gas containing nitrogen oxides from a vitrification process or a thermal denitration process. The nitrogen oxide (A) includes a solid feed, a liquid feed and/or slurry feed of solids in liquid. The fluidized medium comprises: lime, magnesia, alumina, silica, mullite and/or albite; and inert solids, carbonaceous solids, product solids, catalyst solids and/or and reductant solids.Preferred Properties: The operating temperature is: below a volatilization temperature of at least one of the metal ions in (A); or greater than 200 (preferably 200-900)degreesC. The amount of the additive provided in (B) is 5-20% of (C) medium. The inert beads has a diameter of at least 300 or approximately 2000 microns. The orifice velocity is greater than 100 feet per second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: providing an oxidizing agent in the first bed zone, and where the second bed zone is operated under reducing conditions and (A) is introduced into the second bed zone; providing auxiliary heat energy to the bed to supplement the steam energy; providing an oxygen and steam mixture through a first inlet such that the first bed zone operates under oxidizing conditions, and where (A) is introduced into the second bed zone through a second inlet; providing an oxygen and steam mixture through a first inlet and oxygen through a third inlet; agitating (A) in (C) with superheated steam to speed reduction of (a); using a gas distributor for (D) where an orifice velocity of the gas distributor is sufficient to facilitate agglomeration break-up and self-cleaning of (C); providing auxiliary energy to (B) by a heater; and using the separation means to separate entrained solids from (D) after it leaves (C). The reaction bed has a third zone. The second bed zone is: above the first bed zone and the third bed zone is above the second bed zone; or between the first and third bed zones. The first and third bed zones operate under oxidizing conditions. In the method: at least a portion of the fluidizing gas is discharged from (B) after passing through (C), and at least a portion of the discharged gas is recycled to (B); at least one gaseous reductant is provided in (B) and the gaseous reductant comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen, ammonia, syn gas and/or methane or another hydrocarbon gas; at least one additive is provided in (B) to enhance the removal of (a); and at least a portion of the lower (C) contains a reductant. The fluidizing gas is introduce into (B) through a first inlet, and where the second zone is operated under reducing conditions and (A) is introduced into the second zone through a second inlet. The second zone is operated under reducing conditions and the nitrogen oxide waste material is introduced into the second zone. The portion of (B) contains solids larger than solids in another portion of the vessel, where the larger solids are washed to dissolve soluble salts and agglomerates, and where the larger solids are removed from (B) before or after the washing step. The heater is an electrical heater, a combustion heater or a fluidizing gas heater. (B) contains a lower (C) providing the first and second zones and an upper (C) providing a third zone, and where at least one of the first and second zones is operated under reducing conditions. The upper (C) is separated from the lower (C) by a gas distributor that redistributes (D) flowing from the lower (C) to the upper (C). The nitrogen oxide (A) is introduced into the second zone. (B) is a first (B) in fluid communication with a second (B) having a second (C) providing a third zone, where the second (C) is heated to an operating temperature, and where the nitrogen oxide waste material is introduced into the first (B). The oxygen is introduced into the first zone and the third zone. The lower (C) includes a first zone and a second zone, and where the upper (C) zone is a third zone. The first zone and the third zone operate under oxidizing conditions. The bed of the first (B) includes a first zone and a second zone, and where the zone of the bed in the second (B) is a third zone. In the method, at least a portion of (C) of the first vessel contains a reductant; and at least one oxidant is provided in one of the zones of (C). The exothermic reduction reactions are used to reduce (a) and provide heat energy to the bed. The heat energy is provided by introducing oxygen into (C) to oxidize the organics. The organics are oxidized to form at least one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The product fines leave (B) along with at least a portion of (D), and at least a portion of the product fines are recycled to (B). The means of solids separation is provided within (B).