TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The fermentation occurs at 30-70, preferably 50 degreesC. The mixture is held at pH of 6.5-8 during fermentation.Preferred Properties: The mixture has initial pH of 6.5-8.5.Preferred Components: The sugar is present at 0.5-8%. The culture medium is supplemented with nitrogen source. The bacterium is IDA deposits KAM1, KAM5, KAM7, KAM 8, KAM 10, KAM 12, or KAM 13. The sugar is maltose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, lactose (preferred), glucose (preferred), xylose, and/or mannose. The mixture comprises sugar derived from biomass.The biomass has high carbonate content. The biomass comprises food processing waste, agricultural waste, industrial waste, paper mill waste or newspaper print fiber, or cellulose or lignocellulose. The biomass comprises diary waste, waste meat, corn cobs, nut shells, husks, sugar cane bagasse, agro-industrial waste fiber, spoilt milk, cheese, whey, apple processing waste, raspberry processing waste, and/or brewing yeast residues. The bacterium is Clostridium difficile or Clostridium bifermentans.Preferred Methods: The method includes treating biomass to liberate free sugars, and enzymatically and/or hydrolyzing component of biomass to release free sugars. The maintaining of anaerobic conditions comprises sparging the culture medium with nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The fermentation occurs at 30-70, preferably 50 degreesC. The mixture is held at pH of 6.5-8 during fermentation.Preferred Properties: The mixture has initial pH of 6.5-8.5.Preferred Components: The sugar is present at 0.5-8%. The culture medium is supplemented with nitrogen source. The bacterium is IDA deposits KAM1, KAM5, KAM7, KAM 8, KAM 10, KAM 12, or KAM 13. The sugar is maltose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, lactose (preferred), glucose (preferred), xylose, and/or mannose. The mixture comprises sugar derived from biomass.The biomass has high carbonate content. The biomass comprises food processing waste, agricultural waste, industrial waste, paper mill waste or newspaper print fiber, or cellulose or lignocellulose. The biomass comprises diary waste, waste meat, corn cobs, nut shells, husks, sugar cane bagasse, agro-industrial waste fiber, spoilt milk, cheese, whey, apple processing waste, raspberry processing waste, and/or brewing yeast residues. The bacterium is Clostridium difficile or Clostridium bifermentans.Preferred Methods: The method includes treating biomass to liberate free sugars, and enzymatically and/or hydrolyzing component of biomass to release free sugars. The maintaining of anaerobic conditions comprises sparging the culture medium with nitrogen.