TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material comprises nano-size inorganic materials having an average particle size of 1 - 250 nanometers and a surface area BET value of 20 - 200 m2/g. The material is selected from silicas, metals, alloys and/or metal oxides, preferably titanium dioxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxides, copper oxide, conductive antimony pentoxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide and/or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Charge Transporter: The charge transport moiety comprises a hole transport component selected from triarylamines, pyrazolines, hydrazones, oxadiazoles, stilbenes and/or phthalocyanines, or an electron transport component selected from aromatic imides, fluorenylidene malonitriles and/or quinones, preferably anthraquinones, carboxybenzyl naphthaquinone, carboxyfluorenylidene malononitrile, naphthalimides and/or diimides, especially naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide or perylenetetracarboxylic diimide. The linking group is 1-9C alkylene or alkylene containing esters, ethers, thio-ethers, amides, ketones or urethanes, and preferably comprises an anchoring group selected from carboxylic acid, carboxylate, hydroxyl, ene-diol, ene-diolate, silicate, silanol, phosphonic acid or phosphonate. The linking group further comprises a divalent group having 1 - 15 carbons between the anchoring group and charge transport moiety.The hole transport component having an anchoring group is of formula:(R24-C6H4)(R25-C6H4)N(C6H4-L-Si(R27)n(OR26)3-n;Ph-(p-C6H4)-N(Ph)(C6H4-L-Si(R27)n(OR26)3-n;R24-C6H4-N(C6H4-L-Si(R27)n(OR26)3-n)2;Ph-C6H4-N(C6H4-L-Si(R27)n(OR26)3-n)2;(R24-C6H4)(R25-C6H4)N(C6H4-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl); orPh-(p-C6H4)-N(Ph)(C6H4-L-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl).R24,R25 = H, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C cyclic alkyl, 1-5C alkoxyl or halo;R26,R27 = 1-10C alkyl or 6-30C aryl;L = a divalent group selected from 1-10C alkylene, 6-30C arylene (optionally substituted); andn = 0-2.The electron transport component having an anchoring group is3-phenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone substituted at position 2 by -L'Si(R26)(R27)3-n;2-fluoren-9-ylidene-malononitrile substituted by -L'-(3,4-dihydroxy phenyl);2-fluoren-9-ylidene-malononitrile substituted by -L'-Si(R26)(R27)3-n;2-fluoren-9-ylidene-malononitrile substituted by COOH;benzo(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone substituted at position N by -L'-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) and N' by R28;benzo(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone substituted at position N by -L'-COOH and N' by R28;benzo(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone substituted at position N by -L'-Si((R26)n)(R27)3-n and N' by R28;anthra(2,1,9-def,6,5,10-d'e'f')di-isoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone substituted at position N by -L'-COOH and N' by R29;anthra(2,1,9-def,6,5,10-d'e'f')di-isoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone substituted at position N by -L'-Si(R26)n(R27)3-n and N' by R29; oranthra(2,1,9-def,6,5,10-d'e'f')di-isoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone substituted at position N by -L'-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) and N' by R29).R26-R29 = 1-10C alkyl or 6-30C aryl;n = 0-2; andL' = 1-10C alkylene or 6-30C arylene (both optionally substituted). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The hole transport component is N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(halophenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(alkylphenyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, N,N-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-amine, N,N-diphenyl-(alkylphenyl)-amine, 1-phenyl-3-(4'-diethylamino styryl)-5-(4''-diethylamino phenyl) pyrazoline, N-phenyl-N-methyl-3-(9-ethyl)carbazyl hydrazone, 4-diethyl amino benzaldehyde-1,2-diphenyl hydrazone and/or 2,5-bis(4-N,N'-diethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole. The electron transport component is N-pentyl,N'-propylcarboxyl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide or N-(1-methyl)hexyl,N'-propylcarboxyl-1,7,8,13-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide. The electron transport compound with an anchoring group is 3-phenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-2-carboxylic acid or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone.    EXAMPLE - A surface grafted material was formed by titanium oxide (40 g) (nano-particles having an average particle size of about 70 nanometer) and N-(1-methyl)hexyl,N'-propylcarboxyl-1,7,8,1-3-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (0.4 g) by sonicating in chlorobenzene (400g) followed by heating with stirring at 130degreesC for 12 hours. After the surface treatment, the excess surface treatment agents were removed by washing with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The isolated particles were dried at 100degreesC for 12 hours.