TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The aqueous acids are selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, periodic acid, orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, nitric acid, tetra fluoroboric acid, a hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenic acid, and hexachloroplatinic acid.Basic aqueous solution contains the base selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, or contains alkali metal salt selected from the group which includes sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium borate, potassium borate, specific silicate, potassium silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium aluminate and potassium aluminate.The acid medium comprises acidic ionic conductive gel, and solid basic medium comprises basic ionic conductive gel. The acidic ionic conductive gel gelatinizes aqueous acids by water glass, anhydrous silicon dioxide, and bridge polyacrylic acid, agar, or its salts. The basic ionic conductive gel gelatinizes basic aqueous solution by carboxy methyl cellulose, bridge polyacrylic acid or its salts.The electrode comprises material selected from the group consisting of platinum, platinum black, platinum-oxide coated platinum, silver, gold, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, carbon structure, amorphous carbon, and a glassy carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The aqueous acids are selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, periodic acid, orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, nitric acid, tetra fluoroboric acid, a hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenic acid, and hexachloroplatinic acid.Basic aqueous solution contains the base selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, or contains alkali metal salt selected from the group which includes sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium borate, potassium borate, specific silicate, potassium silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium aluminate and potassium aluminate.The acid medium comprises acidic ionic conductive gel, and solid basic medium comprises basic ionic conductive gel. The acidic ionic conductive gel gelatinizes aqueous acids by water glass, anhydrous silicon dioxide, and bridge polyacrylic acid, agar, or its salts. The basic ionic conductive gel gelatinizes basic aqueous solution by carboxy methyl cellulose, bridge polyacrylic acid or its salts.The electrode comprises material selected from the group consisting of platinum, platinum black, platinum-oxide coated platinum, silver, gold, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, carbon structure, amorphous carbon, and a glassy carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The aqueous acids are selected from methane sulfonic acid, trifluoro methane sulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid and picric acid.Basic aqueous solution contains the base selected from tetramethyl ammonium hydrate, tetraethyl ammonium hydrate, tetrapropyl ammonium hydrate and tetrabutyl ammonium hydrate.The acid medium comprises acidic ionic conductive gel, and solid basic medium comprises basic ionic conductive gel. The acidic ionic conductive gel gelatinizes aqueous acids by water, glass, anhydrous silicon dioxide, and bridge polyacrylic acid, agar, or its salts. The basic ionic conductive gel gelatinizes basic aqueous solution by carboxy methyl cellulose, bridge polyacrylic acid or its salts.