TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hygroscopic substrate further comprises hygroscopic agent comprising an inorganic oxide from zeolite, inorganic silicate, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, and/or ruthenium oxide; and electroconductive nano particles from nano metal particles or nano carbon particles. Preferred Composition: The 100 pbw of the hygroscopic substrate includes 1-50 pbw of the hygroscopic agent. The amount of the hygroscopic agent is 1-50 pbw, and the amount of the electroconductive nano particles is 1-15 pbw based on 100 pbw of the hygroscopic substrate. The amount of the catalyst is 1-20 pbw based on 100 pbw of the hygroscopic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The hygroscopic substrate further comprises at least one metal catalyst from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloys, platinum-osmium alloys, platinum-palladium alloys, and/or platinum-M alloys.M=Ga, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and/or Zn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate comprises at least one hydrophilic compound from polyvinylalcohol, salts of alkynic acids, and/or chitosan. The proton conductive polymer comprises a polymer from perfluoro-based polymers, benzimidazole-based polymers, polyimide-based polymers, polyetherimide-based polymers, polyphenylenesulfide-based polymers, polysulfone-based polymers, polyethersulfone-based polymers, polyetherketone-based polymers, polyether-etherketone-based polymers, and/or polyphenylquinoxaline-based polymers. It comprises a polymer from poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), poly(perfluorocarboxylic acid), a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and fluorovinylether having a sulfonic acid group, defluorinated polyetherketone sulfide, aryl ketone, poly(2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole), and/or poly (2,5-benzimidazole). Preferred Property: The hygroscopic substrate has a thickness of 10-200 microns. The proton conductive polymers disposed at both sides of the hygroscopic substrate are prepared in the form of membranes not thicker than 50 microns, individually. The polymer electrolyte membrane has a thickness of 10-300 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The hygroscopic substrate is woven fabrics, porous films, and non-woven fabrics.