TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The dye- and polymer-adsorbed semiconductor is washed with a solvent to form a polymer monolayer. The dye-adsorbed semiconductor is contacted with a monomer solution or dispersion, and the monomer is polymerized using UV ray, infrared ray, and/or heat.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Semiconductor: The metal oxide semiconductor is titanium oxide, niobium oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, and/or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dye: The dye is transition metal complex chosen from ruthenium and osmium compounds of formulae: RuL2(SCN)2, RuL2(H2O)2, RuL3, RuL2, OsL3, OsL2, and RuLL'(SCN)2, where L and L' are ligands which may be 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate. Preferred Electrolyte: The electrolyte solution layer comprises iodide, bromide and/or hydroquinone. Preferred Monomer: The monomer is of formula (4).X=as mentioned above.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer comprises repeating units of formulae (1-3).A=-O-, -NH-, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl of 1-10C, or alkylene, alkenylene, arylene, arylalkylene, and alkylarylene of 1-20C (un)substituted by hetero atom chosen from N, O and S;B=H, halogen, nitrile, or alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl of 1-20C;R1=bond, or alkylene, arylene, arylalkylene, or alkylarylene of 1-20C (un)substituted by hetero atom chosen from N, O and S;X=-OH, -SH, -COOH, -CONH2, -OCOR, -OCOCF3, -SCOR, -CH2SH, -CH2SCN, -SH2SCOCH3, -COOR, -Si(OMe)3, -Si(OEt)3, -SiCl3, -COCH=CH2, -OCOCH=CH2, -CH2O(PEG)dOCH3, -CH2Cl, -CH2OCOCCl3, or -CH=CH2;R=alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl of 1-20C;PEG=polyethyleneglycol;d=number of oxyethylene unit corresponding to molecular weight of 200-10000;Me=methyl;Et=ethyl;n=2-10000;R2-R4=H, halogen, nitrile, or alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl of 1-10C (un)substituted by hetero atom chosen from N, O, S and halogen;andn in formula (3)=2-6000.The repeating unit may be a combination of 2-10 different repeating units. EXAMPLE - A titanium dioxide coating slurry was coated on a transparent and conductive glass substrate coated with indium tin oxide and having 80% transmittance, and heated at 450degreesC for 1 hour to remove an organic polymer and ensure a contact and filling between the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. As a result, a titanium dioxide nanoparticle film was formed with a thickness of 10 microns. The glass substrate was dipped in ruthenium dithiocyanate 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate solution for 24 hours and dried to form a dye layer on the film. The glass substrate was then dipped in a solution of poly(4-vinyl) phenol (200 mg) in acetonitrile solvent (100 mL) for 10 minutes. The obtained dye- and polymer- containing glass substrate was peeled with acetonitrile solution, to obtain a semiconductor anode. A dye-sensitized solar cell obtained using the semiconductor anode had an energy conversion efficiency of 3.9%.