TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The substrate is a second fuel cell, which is at orientation 90degrees from the first fuel cell layer. The first and second gas diffusion electrodes each comprise a porous structure and a catalyst. At least one porous structure of the multiple layers differs from another porous structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The gas barrier region is formed from multiple dispositions of gas barrier material on the substrate. The second region is formed from multiple dispositions of the first gas diffusion electrode and first seal on the gas barrier region. A reactant plenum is formed by creating a first continuous void space while disposing the first seal on the gas barrier region. The electrolyte region is formed from multiple dispositions of electrolyte material on the second region. The fourth region is formed from multiple dispositions of the second gas diffusion electrode and second seal on the electrolyte region. The disposition of at least one of the regions is by printing including screen printing, ink jet printing, contact printing, offset printing, lithographic printing, and/or laser printing. The disposition of at least one of the regions is by casting or sputtering. The different disposition methods comprise printing, casting, sputtering, electroplating, electrodepositing, electrophoresis, chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, physical vapor deposition, combustion vapor deposition, epitaxial growth, spin-coating and/or powder coating. The channel is formed by etching, embossing, machining, ablating, cutting, burning and/or water jetting. Preferred Component: The gas barrier material comprises graphite. The first seal and the second seal comprise graphite or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The gas barrier material comprises a metal. The first seal and the second seal comprise metal, preferably silicon. The catalyst comprises a noble metal or an alloy of noble metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gas barrier material comprises a polymer composite filled with metal, a polymer composite filled with carbon, a non-metal conductive polymer, a metal plated polymer, metallized polymer. The first seal and the second seal comprise an elastomer, a polymer, silicone and/or composites of these. The porous structure is foam, aerogel, solgel, composites of carbon, ionic conductors and/or a formation of a pattern of non porous material.