TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) involves: either a) performing a hydrocarbon synthesis process using syngas; b) isolating a gaseous stream comprising hydrogen from the hydrocarbon synthesis process; c) contacting the gaseous stream comprising hydrogen with a reverse selective membrane to provide a carbon-dioxide-enriched permeate and a hydrogen-containing retentate; d) passing the retentate through a water gas shift reactor to provide a hydrogen-containing stream; and e) passing the hydrogen-containing stream through a pressure swing adsorption unit to provide a hydrogen-rich stream comprising hydrogen (greater than 90 vol.%); or a1) performing a hydrocarbon synthesis process using syngas to provide at least one hydrocarbon stream and a hydrogen-depleted stream; b1) isolating a hydrogen-containing stream from the hydrogen-depleted stream by a process involving contacting with a reverse-selective membrane and performing a water gas shift reaction, where the hydrogen concentration on a water-free basis of the hydrogen-containing stream is at least 5 vol.% greater than the hydrogen concentration on a water-free basis of the hydrogen-depleted stream; and c1) passing the hydrogen-containing stream through a pressure swing adsorption unit to provide the hydrogen-rich stream comprising hydrogen (greater than 90 vol.%). The hydrogen-depleted stream is contacted with the reverse-selective membrane prior to performing the water gas shift reaction; or the water gas shift reaction is performed on the hydrogen-depleted stream prior to contacting with a reverse-selective membrane. The hydrocarbon synthesis process is a Fischer Tropsch process. The process further involves passing the hydrogen-containing stream through a vapor-liquid separator to remove water. The hydrogen-containing retentate is at a pressure of approximately 100 (preferably greater than or equal to 200) psig. The gaseous stream comprising hydrogen is isolated from a source selected from (i) a tail gas from a hydrocarbon synthesis reaction unit; (ii) the syngas prior to performing the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction; and/or (iii) a tail gas from an upgrading process. Preferred Components: The gaseous stream comprising hydrogen contains hydrogen (less than 35 vol.%) and the hydrogen-containing stream contains hydrogen (greater than 40 vol.%). The hydrogen-rich stream comprises hydrogen (greater than 99 vol.%). The gaseous stream comprises carbon di-oxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), H2O (g), gaseous 1-5C hydrocarbons, and hydrogen (H2) (less than 35 vol.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.