NOVELTY - The process involves subjecting organic materials to heating at predefined temperatures inside a pyrolysis reactor (2). The reactor is heated by causing fumes produced by the post-combustion of a part of charcoal produced to flow over it. The charcoal is removed, and is partly gasified and partly post-combusted by blowing comburent gas into the charcoal to cause the charcoal to generate the fumes. The heat supplied to the reactor is obtained by completing the combustion of the charcoal produced by it and causing its fumes to circulate inside the reactor.    USE - Used in a plant (claimed) e.g. urban waste disposal plant, for converting organic materials e.g. biomass, into gas and charcoal.    ADVANTAGE - The heat supplied to the pyrolysis reactor is obtained by completing the combustion of the charcoal produced by it and causing its fumes to circulate inside the reactor, thus improving overall energy efficiency of the plane, and only a very small quantity of ash and other solid residue, and not large quantities of charcoal, are transferred. The speed of rotation of the rotating drum forming the pyrolysis reactor and/or the inclination of its axis are regulated to vary the time at which the material remains inside it, thus obtaining a desired degree of pyrolysis. The quantity of comburent gas introduced into the gasification chamber is varied, thus ensuring that a quantity of charcoal less than or at the most equal to that produced inside the pyrolysis reactor is obtained so that a bed of charcoal having a thickness most suitable for achieving a desired partial combustion always remains inside the gasification chamber. The quantity and/or the quality of the comburent gas blown in through the postcombustion grid is varied, to generate fumes of varying volume and/or temperatures, so that a degree of pyrolysis is achieved inside the pyrolysis reactor in a desired manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a plant designed to implement the above process for converting organic materials into gas and charcoal, comprising a pyrolysis reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plant designed to implement a method for converting organic materials into gas and charcoal.    Plant (1)    Pyrolysis reactor (2)    Heat-insulated chamber (3)    Inlet (4)    Feeder apparatus (5)    Outlet duct (6)    Bypass plant (7)    Gasification chamber (9)    Post-combustion grid (10)    Blowing-in apparatus (11)    Extraction apparatus (12)    Discharge duct (13)