TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The fuel inlet stream comprises a hydrocarbon fuel inlet stream. The fuel cell stack comprises a solid oxide fuel cell stack. The hydrogen using device comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system located in a vehicle. The system includes selector valve, carbon monoxide scrubbing device, condenser and water separator, and fuel humidifier. The first output comprises gas stream containing hydrogen separated from fuel exhaust stream provided in the fuel inlet stream. The second output comprises gas stream containing carbon to a burner. Preferred Parameters: The duration of two feed/purge steps is greater than or equal to 5 times as long as the duration of two flush steps. Preferred Methods: The step of separating comprises adsorbing a majority of the carbon dioxide and a portion of the water vapor in the fuel exhaust stream in adsorbent bed(s) (11, 13) while allowing a majority of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the fuel exhaust stream to be passed through adsorbent bed(s). The step of providing the hydrogen comprises providing the hydrogen and carbon monoxide separated from the fuel exhaust stream into the hydrogen fuel inlet stream. The step of separating can also comprise providing unpressurized fuel exhaust stream into two adsorbent beds to adsorb a majority of the carbon dioxide and a portion of the water vapor in the fuel exhaust stream in the two adsorbent bed until the adsorbent bed is saturated while regenerating a second adsorbent bed by providing air having a relative humidity of less than or equal to 50% through the second adsorbent bed to desorb adsorbed carbon dioxide and water vapor. The method includes humidifying the fuel inlet stream using water vapor contained in the fuel exhaust stream, condensing and removing a part(s) of the water vapor in the fuel exhaust stream after the step of humidifying, and performing step of separating after the step of condensing and removing. The method includes separating the fuel exhaust stream into greater than or equal to 2 streams, recycling a first fuel exhaust stream into the fuel inlet stream, separating a portion(s) of hydrogen and carbon monoxide contained in a second fuel exhaust stream using the partial pressure swing adsorption, providing a first portion of the separated hydrogen to the hydrogen using device or to the hydrogen storage vessel, and providing a second portion of the separated hydrogen to the fuel inlet stream. The method includes cooling fuel exhaust stream to less than or equal to 200degreesC prior to separating of fuel exhaust stream into the greater than or equal to 2 streams, using two blowers or compressors to recycle the first fuel exhaust stream into the fuel inlet stream and to provide hydrogen and carbon monoxide separated from the second fuel exhaust stream into the fuel inlet stream. The step of separating comprises a first feed/purge step, first flush step, second feed/purge step, and second flush step.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel exhaust stream and gas inlet stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water vapor and carbon dioxide. The purge gas inlet stream comprises air containing less than or equal to 50% less relative humidity. The first output comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The adsorbent material of the first and the second adsorbent beds comprises activated carbon.