TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing fermentation products, the fermentation, or part of it is carried out in the same the vessel used for non-pressurized pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Recovery of the resulting fermentation products is performed in the same the vessel used for non-pressurized pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation by applying heat and/or vacuum to the vessel. A sorting/separation of the non-fermentable solids from the fermented mash is performed in the same the vessel used for non-pressurized pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. The recovery in the same the vessel is only done from the solid part of the fermented mash after separation/removal of the liquid part. The mono- and/or polysaccharide containing waste fractions are derived from households such as unsorted municipal solid waste (MSW), MSW processed in some central sorting, shredding or pulping device, source sorted waste from households, organic fractions and paper rich waste fractions, RDF (Refuse-Derived-Fuel) fractions. It is also derived from the industry such as general industry waste fractions containing paper or other organic fractions, waste fractions from paper industry, e.g. recycling facilities, waste fractions from food and feed industry, waste fractions from the medicinal industry. The mono- and/or polysaccharide containing waste fractions are derived from agriculture or farming related sectors such as waste fractions from processes including sugar or starch rich product such as potatoes and beet, contaminated or in other ways spoiled agricultural products such as grain, potatoes and beet not exploitable for food or feed purposes, manure, or manure derived products. It is further derived from municipal, county, or state related or regulated activities such as sludge from waste water treatment plants, fiber or sludge fractions from biogas processing, and general waste fractions from the public sector containing paper or other organic fractions. The non-pressurized pre-treatment is performed using steam. The treatment time of the non-pressurized pre-treatment is 0-120 minutes with a temperature of 60-110 degreesC and a steam admission of 0-2 kg/kg dry matter. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the mono- and/or polysaccharide containing waste fraction is performed with hydrolytic enzymes, supplied in either native form or in form of microbial organisms giving rise to the accumulation of such enzymes. Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis lasts for 0-96 hours and with a temperature of 20-105 degreesC. The fermentation is performed by the action of standard, cultivated, or manipulated yeast and/or bacteria or any other microorganism capable of producing ethanol or other specific biochemicals. Preferably, fermentation last for 1-150 hours with a temperature of 20-105 degreesC. Mixing of the mono- and/or polysaccharide containing waste fraction is performed with free fall mixers such as drum mixers, tumble mixers or similar mixing devices. EXAMPLE - 12.2 kg of unsorted and untreated municipal solid waste was loaded into a conventional rotary cement mixer, with a horizontal axis tilted 10 degrees. The mixer drum rotated along the horizontal axis with a speed of 29 rpm. A steam generator was connected to the rotating drum. 4.5 kg of saturated steam was added for 35 minutes, of which 20 minutes was used to heat up the waste fraction and the remaining 15 minutes was retention time at 90-96degreesC. The cement mixer was cooled down to 40degreesC by removing the steam connection and a fan heater was mounted in order to keep a constant temperature of 40-45degreesC. Two titers of water were added resulting in a dry matter content of the mash of 45%. The cement mixer was heated to 40-45degreesC by use of a fan heater. The mixing/hydrolysis of the material was performed over 9 hours and was interrupted every hour in order to measure the pH level and adjust it to 4-5. The process resulted in a muddy mash containing large non-converted particles, such as plastic containers, tins, and pieces of glass. Samples were taken. In order to determine the sugar content of the resulting samples, they were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 2500 rpm after which the supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 microns filter and analyzed for sugars on HPLC. After 9 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis at an enzyme load of 15 FPU/g DM the supernatant contained 51 g/kg of glucose and 10 g/kg of xylose. After 9 hours of hydrolysis at 40-45degreesC the saccharification and fermentation processes were performed simultaneously by adding yeast to the cement mixer. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation resulted in 32 g/kg of ethanol equivalent to 4.5 vol.% of ethanol. The fermented mash was sieved and the solid fraction dried. The dry solid fraction made up 4.6 kg.