TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The buffer layer further comprises an organic semiconductor material. The compound (preferably 100 parts/weight) is doped with the organic semiconductor material (less than 20 parts/weight). The amount of compound in the buffer layer is 50 - 100 wt.%. The organic semiconductor material is an n-type organic semiconductor material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anion is Cl- or NO3-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic organic cation is of formula (I) (preferably pyronine B, pyronine Y, rhodamine 4G, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 3GO, rhodamine B, ethyl rhodamine B, and butyl rhodamine B). The organic semiconductor material is preferably selected from fullerene (C60) and materials selected from 30 compounds as given in the specification e.g. (isochromeno(6,5,4-def)isochromene-1,3,6,8-tetraone); 2-(4-diisocyanomethylene-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)-malononitrile; 2-(6-dicyanomethylene-6H-naphthalen-2-ylidene)-malononitrile; (6,6)-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl ester; benzo(lmn)(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone.X1 and X2=NRcRd;Rc and Rd=H or alkyl;Ra=H, alkyl, or aryl (optionally substituted); andRb=H or alkyl. EXAMPLE - An organic solar cell was prepared as follows: a layer was formed of a mixture of polyethylene dioxythiophene and poly(styrene sulfonate) on a first electrode formed of indium tin oxide. A photoactive layer was formed of poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and (6,6)-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in a thickness of 700 Angstrom (the weight ratio of poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) to PCBM was 1:2). A buffer layer was formed of pyronine B and NTCDA (isochromeno(6,5,4-def)isochromene-1,3,6,8-tetraone)(weight ratio of 20:1), in a thickness of 20 Angstrom and a second electrode was formed of Al (aluminum) in a thickness of 100 Angstrom . An organic solar cell (test) was formed by arranging the photoactive layer between first and second electrode; and the buffer layer between photoactive layer and second electrode. A control organic solar cell was prepared in the same method as in test, except that the buffer layer was not formed. Voltage-current characteristics were measured by radiating white light of 112 mW/cm2 (in case of test) or light source of 7.42 mW/cm2 (in the case of control) onto the organic solar batteries prepared. In the current-voltage characteristic, the open voltage (Voc), the short-circuit current density (Jsc), a fill factor (FF), efficiency (muw) with respect to white light, and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) were evaluated. The test/control showed Voc: Jsc: FF: muw: mu480nm (efficiency of the organic solar battery): IPCE of 0.847/0.751 V: 3.03/2.67 mA/cm2: 40.5/33.8%: 0.930/0.605%: 5.05/3.70%: 36.16/33.90% respectively.