TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) provides continuous production of hydrogen or is a batch process. The steps (b)-(c) overlap. The biomass is concentrated by centrifugation and/or reverse osmosis; sterilized by pasteurization, pressurized steam, autoclaving, by adding a reducing agent to the biomass material, and/or acidification; and deoxygenated with pressurized steam, autoclaving, oxygen-scavenger microorganisms, and/or by adding a reducing agent to the biomass material (preferably oxygen scavengers in the form of cellular membrane preparation).The process (P1) further involves: adding deoxygenated water to the concentrated, sterilized and deoxygenated biomass to facilitate growth of the isolated non-heatshocked Clostridium bacteria, or mixing the isolated non-heatshocked Clostridium bacteria with deoxygenated water prior to the fermentation step; collecting a chemical product selected from a gas, solid (preferably a solid that comprises sulfur), solvent, volatile organic acid and/or its salt.Preferred Method: The appropriate information for the program product is collected by conducting a cultivation system to identify various bacterial species, or collection of appropriate information. The cultivation system comprises growth of various bacterial species on substrates, under various growth conditions to optimize the bacterial hydrogen production, selected from variation in temperature, pH, fermentation products, exposure to various natural gases or compounds, drug efficacy, compound toxicity or survivability. The collection of appropriate information involves selecting response data from the scientific literature, and comprises bacteria growth on a substrate, bacteria sensitivity to a condition and/or bacteria production of metabolites. The appropriate information is a bacterial response that includes positive, negative, a variable response, or non responsive; and the bacterial response is measured by smell, color, growth, non-growth, death, symbiosis, and non-symbiosis.Preferred Biomass: The biomass of the apparatus (A1) comprises a material (M') selected from molasses, raw paper, agricultural waste, and/or mulch selected from energy crops, surplus agricultural products, waste from sugar production and processing facilities, waste from fruit processing industries, waste from pulp and paper mills, silvaculture residues, waste from wood processing, waste from agricultural product processing, food waste, solids isolated from fermentation cultures, municipal sewer waste, animal manure, animal urine, animal parts, and/or fish parts. The deoxygenated biomass material (M) contains oxygen (less than 100, preferably less than 50, especially less than 20) parts per million (ppm). The biomass material (M) comprises molasses, raw paper, agricultural waste, and/or mulch selected from the material (M') (preferably beet sugar, sugar beet molasses, sugar beet syrup, sugar beet juice, sugar cane molasses, cane sugar, sugar cane syrup, sugar cane juice, corn syrup, cereal grains, oat flour, rice flour, corn flour, wheat flour, potato juice, potato pulp, sorghum, wheat mash, oat mash, blackstrap molasses, citrus molasses, invert sugar, sucrose, fructose, glucose, wood sugar, cellulose, xylose, plant parts, fruit, vegetable, bovine manure, poultry manure, equine manure, porcine manure, bovine urine, poultry urine, equine urine, porcine urine, wood shavings, wood chips, shredded paper, cotton burrs, grain, chaff, seed shells, hay, alfalfa, grass, leaves, sea shells, seed pods, corn shucks, weeds, aquatic plants, algae and/or fungus).The apparatus (A2) further comprises the biomass material (M') for utilization by the bacteria as nutrients for producing hydrogen gas. The biomass of the method of the program product is the biomass material (M). The biomass for the bacterial culture (C1) is concentrated, and comprises material from at least one member of the genus Capsicum (preferably Capsicum annum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum gemnifolium, Capsicum frutescens and/or Capsicum pubescens ); genus Allium (preferably Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Allium schoenoprasum, Allium tuberosum and/or Allium ampeloprasum; genus Saccharum (preferably Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum barberi, Saccharum sinense and/or Saccharum edule; or a species selected from Solatium esculentum, Solarium melongena, Solatium tuberosum, Lycopersicon esculentum and/or Beta vulgaris.Preferred Bacteria: The bacteria of the anaerobic digester of the fermentation apparatus (A1) are anaerobic acetogenic bacteria, solventogenic bacteria, or proteolytic bacteria. The Clostridium bacteria are collected from bovine rumen, soil samples, sludge, anaerobic bacteria cultures, aerobic bacteria cultures, anaerobic sediments from fresh or brackish waters, sewage, animals, animal feces, insect digestive tract, dental samples, hydrothermal soils, hydrothermal pools or deep water hydrothermal vents; and the isolated non-heatshocked Clostridium species is provided as an inoculum comprising a substantially purified culture containing a substantially (preferably greater than or equal to95, especially greater than or equal to99, particularly 99.5)% purified single bacterial strain. The apparatus (A2) further comprises bacteria (B') collected from bovine rumen, soil samples, sludge, anaerobic bacteria cultures, aerobic bacteria cultures, anaerobic sediments from fresh or brackish waters, sewage, animals, animal feces, insect digestive tract, dental samples, hydrothermal soils, hydrothermal pools or deep water hydrothermal vents; and at least one bacterial strain that produces hydrogen anaerobically. The bacteria for use in the program product comprise the bacteria (B'). The bacterial strain of the culture (C1) is selected by a knowledge management system (preferably knowledge management system) or by an isolation/enrichment system; and is isolated by an isolation/ enrichment system. The bacterial culture (C1) comprises a substantially (preferably greater than or equal to95, especially greater than or equal to99, particularly 99.5)% purified single bacterial strain.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - COMPUTING AND CONTROL - Preferred Apparatus: The anaerobic digester control system is used to optimally operate the anaerobic digester and comprises: at least one process control tool; at least one metrology tool to acquire at least one metrology data relating to at least one anaerobic fermentation parameter; and a process controller operatively coupled to the process control tool and the metrology data. The process controller comprises a decision making unit, an input/output board, and a database unit to store the at least one metrology data. The process control is used to adjust an operating parameter of the anaerobic fermentation digester, which is related to at least one anaerobic fermentation parameter selected from temperature, pH, pressure, gas flow, biomass concentration, and chemical product concentration. The process control tool is a valve or a device for adjusting the temperature of the digester. The decision making unit is used in a feedback control process to acquire the at least one metrology data from the input/output board, to determine an at least one control adjustment to maintain the at least one anaerobic fermentation parameter within at least one operational range, modify the magnitude of the at least one control adjustment, and return the modified at least one control adjustment to the input/output board, so that the modified control adjustment is sent to the process control tool to adjust the operating parameter of the anaerobic fermentation digester. The process controller decision making unit is selected from a computer, PROM, EPROM, and/or EEPROM. The metrology tool is selected from pH sensor, pressure sensor, gas flow sensor, gas sensor, temperature sensor, GC, flow injection analysis system, and/or HPLC; and is located online or inline. The pH sensor is selected from a glass membrane pH electrodes, solid state pH electrodes, and/or optode pH sensor. The temperature sensor is selected from a thermometer, thermopile, and/or thermocouple. The feedback control process is a continuous, automatic feedback control loop; or an intermittent, manual feedback control loop. The appropriate information for the method of the program product is collected in a computer readable medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is sodium sulfide. The gas produced in the process (P1) is selected from hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and/or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The fermentation apparatus (A1) further comprises: a pipe line in communication with the sterilization and deoxygenation system having a pump in it for transferring the sterilized and deoxygenated biomass to a concentrating system; a pipe line in communication with a concentrating system having a pump in it for transferring the deoxygenated, concentrated and sterilized biomass to at least one anaerobic digester; and an anaerobic digester containing a population of substantially purified anaerobic photo-fermentation bacteria, equipped with an anaerobic digester control system. The fermentation apparatus is a stand alone system for anaerobically fermenting the biomass into a chemical product; or a component of an assemblage for generating power. The sterilization and deoxygenation system is a steam heat exchanger system (preferably an autoclave), and is used to sterilize and deoxygenate the biomass by a steam treatment process. The concentrating system is a centrifugation system and/or a reverse osmosis system. The removal pipelines connected to the anaerobic digester comprise at least one output pipeline for a gaseous chemical product and at least one output pipeline for a non-gaseous chemical product. The gaseous chemical product is removed from the anaerobic digester by a vacuum applied to the output pipeline(s) for the gaseous chemical product. The removed gaseous chemical product is isolated and purified by a differential compression process.The apparatus (A1) has a gas scrubber is in communication with the at least one output pipeline for the gaseous chemical product, a gas compressor in communication with the scrubber, and at least one gas storage tank in communication with the compressor. The non-gaseous chemical product is removed from the output pipeline(s) for the non-gaseous chemical product by a reverse osmosis system, which is coupled to the at least one output pipeline for the non-gaseous chemical product and to at least one storage tank. The removed volatile organic acid is isolated and purified by distillation. The removed salt of the volatile organic acid salt is isolated and purified by reverse osmosis. The solid non-gaseous chemical product that comprises sulfur is removed from the output pipeline(s) for the non-gaseous chemical product by a filtration system, which is coupled to the at least one output pipeline for the non-gaseous chemical product and to at least one storage tank. The filtration system is a cross-flow filtration system. The non-gaseous solvent is removed from the at least one output pipeline for the non-gaseous chemical product by an osmosis system, which is coupled to the output pipeline(s) for the non-gaseous chemical product and to at least one storage tank. The anaerobic fermentation apparatus (A1) is incorporated into a centralized power generation facility, or a decentralized power generation facility.The apparatus (A2) further comprises: substantially deoxygenated water. The multiple growth conditions in the apparatus (A2) are selected from variation in temperature, pressure, pH, fermentation products, exposure to various natural gases or compounds, drug efficacy, compound toxicity or survivability. The apparatus (A2) has a shape selected from a circular, cylindrical, spherical, square, or rectangular form, and further comprises a shape that has a volume of (100 - 50000) cm3; at least two substantially parallel glass plates; and a seal on at least one side that is penetrable by a needle. The bacteria selected from the sealed chamber are removed without substantially disturbing the anaerobic environment (preferably using a needle, or using a vacuum).Preferred Method: In the process (P1), the gas is removed from the anaerobically fermented biomass by a vacuum, and is isolated and purified by a differential compression process; the volatile organic acid and its salt are removed from the anaerobically fermented biomass, and the salt is isolated and purified by reverse osmosis; the solvent is removed from the anaerobically fermented biomass by osmosis; the removed volatile organic acid and its salt are isolated and purified, and the removed solvent is purified by distillation; and the solid chemical product is removed from the anaerobically fermented biomass by filtration.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is dithiothreitol, cysteine, or thioglycollate. The chemical product of the fermentation apparatus (A1) comprises a gaseous chemical product, and/or a non-gaseous chemical product that comprises volatile organic acid or its salt or solid non-gaseous chemical product that comprises sulfur. In the process (P1), the gas produced is methane, the volatile organic acid produced is selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and/or valeric acid, the chemical product is a salt of a volatile organic acid that comprises an anion selected from formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and/or valerate; or a cation selected from alkali metal ion, alkaline earth ion, and/or ammonium ion, and the solvent produced is selected from methanol, ethanol, isobutanol, butanol, isopentanol, pentanol, acetone, propanol, isopropanol, and/or 1,2-propanediol. The bacterial growth on a substrate, bacterial sensitivity to a condition, and bacterial production of metabolites includes acetic acid major metabolic product, acetic acid minor metabolic product, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, arabinose, ArgA, bacillus, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG), beta-xylosidase, box car shape, butyric acid major metabolic product, butyric acid minor metabolic product, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), caproic acid major metabolic product, catalase, cellobiose, chartreuse fluorescence, chymotrypsin, CO2 growth, coccus, desulfoviridin, double zone beta-hemolysis, esculin hydrolysis, F/F required, fructose, gelatin hydrolysis, glucose, glycogen, gram reaction, growth in bile, HisA, I-arabinose, indole, isobutyric acid major metabolic product, isobutyric acid minor metabolic product, isocapronic acid major metabolic product, isocapronic acid minor metabolic product, isovaleric acid major metabolic product, isovaleric acid minor metabolic product, lactate converted to propionate, lactic acid major metabolic product, lactic acid minor metabolic product, lactose, leithinase, LeuA, lipase, maltose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, melibiose, milk clot formed, milk digested, motile, N-acetyl-beta-gulcosaminidase, nitrate, ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG, beta-galactosidase), oxygen tolerance, PheA, phenylacetic acid minor metabolic product, pigment, pitting of agar, ProA, propionic acid major metabolic product, PyrA, raffinose, red fluorescence, reverse CAMP test, rhamnose, ribose, salicin, sensitive to colistin, sensitive to kanamycin, sensitive to SPS, sensitive to vancomycin, sorbitol, spore former, starch hydrolysis, strictly anaerobic, subterminal spore location, succinic acid major metabolic product, succinic acid minor metabolic product, sucrose, terminal spore location, threonine converted to propionate, trehalose, trypsin, TyrA, urease, valeric acid major metabolic product, valeric acid minor metabolic product, xylan, and xylose.