TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The process further comprises the step of maintaining the pH of the fluid containing the organic material at 7-14, preferably 8-10; the step of pre-treating the organic material at 4-15 bar and 100-170degreesC for 0.5-2 hours; separating particles from the fluid comprising the organic material; separating gas from the fluid, such as fuel gas; filtrating the fluid into water and water soluble organics from oil and water soluble salts in a first membrane-filter; the step of re-circulating at least one alcohol (methanol); the step of re-circulating a fluid containing hydrogen; and the step of recirculating carbonates and/or hydrogen carbonates. The process further comprises a second step of heating the fluid; or a second separating of particles; or a first step of cooling the fluid. The pre-treatment comprises size reducing of the material such as a cutting, grinding, milling and/or sieving step; adding additives to the fluid; and adjusting the pH of the fluid comprising the organic material to above 7. The first step of cooling is performed by heat exchanging with the first step of heating and/or a step of pre-heating the fluid in the pretreating step. The fuel gas is used for heating the fluid in the second heating step. The water and water-soluble organics are transformed into electricity in a direct methanol fuel cell. The step of filtrating the fluid into water and water soluble organics, further comprising a second step of filtering water soluble organics from the water, such as an purification of methanol in a second membrane-filter; and a phase separating step. The water and water-soluble organics after the second filtering step is transformed into drinkable water in a process of reverse osmosis. The water-soluble organic comprising upconcentrated methanol is re-circulated to the pre-treating step. The step of contacting the organic material in the fluid with the heterogeneous catalyst is performed while the temperature is kept substantially constant, where the temperature is 200-650 (preferably 275-350)degreesC. The pressure for the conversion is 225-600 (preferably 240-300) bars. The step of contacting is done in less than 30 (preferably 1-5) minutes. The process comprises the step of recirculating at least one carboxylic acid having a chain length corresponding to 1-4 carbon atoms, where the carboxylic acid comprises formic acid and/or acetic acid. The process comprises the step of recirculating at least one aldehyde and/or at least one ketone having a chain length corresponding to 1-4 carbon atoms, where the aldehyde and/or ketone comprises formaldehyde and/or acetaldehyde. The conversion of the organic material is at least 90% (preferably above 99.9%). The elements of group IA of the periodic table are ash obtained from combustion of biomass or ash from coal firing. The reactor with heterogeneous catalyst is subjected to a treatment with hot pressurized water at preselected intervals (i.e. at least 6 hours (preferably at least one week)) for less than 12 hours (preferably less than 1 hour). Preferred Components: The membrane filter(s) is membrane processes comprising ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, reverse osmosis and/or pervaporation. The concentration of the carbonates and/or hydrogen carbonates is at least 0.5 (preferably at least 5) wt.%. The methanol content in the fluid is at least 0.05 (preferably at least 1) wt.%. The hydrogen content of the fluid corresponds to at least 0.001 (preferably at least 1) wt.% of the organic material to be treated. The concentration of the carboxylic acid(s) in the fluid is at least 100 (preferably at least 500) parts per million by weight. The concentration of the aldehyde and/or ketone in the fluid is at least 100 (preferably 500) parts per million by weight. The fluid comprises water at at least 5 (preferably at least 40) wt.%. The concentration of the water in the fluid is up to 99.5 (preferably up to 80) wt.%. At least one carbonate, at least one hydrogen carbonate, at least one alcohol, at least one carboxylic acid, at least one aldehyde and/or at least one ketone is at least partly produced by the conversion of the organic material, and is re-circulated after the step of contacting. At least part of a stream of the recirculation is mixed in a ratio with a feed stream of the fluid comprising the homogeneous catalyst and organic material to be converted before entering the catalytic reactor. The mass/volume ratio of the re-circulating stream to the feed stream of the fluid is 1-20 (preferably 2.5-5). The organic material is sludge (preferred), such as sewage sludge, liquid manure, corn silage, clarifier sludge, black liquor, residues from fermentation, residues from juice production, residues from edible oil production, residues from fruit and vegetable processing, residues from food and drink production and/or leachate or seepage water, preferably a waste, such as house hold waste, municipal solid waste, paper waste, auto shredder waste, plastics, polymers, rubbers, scrap tires, cable wastes, CCA treated wood, halogenated organic compounds, PCB bearing transformer oils, electrolytic capacitors, halones, medical waste, risk material from meat processing, meat and bone meal, liquid streams, such as process or waste water streams containing dissolved and/or suspended organic material. The organic material comprises a lignocelulotic materials, such as biomass, straw, grasses, stems, wood, bagasse, wine trash, sawdust, wood chips and/or energy crops. The sludge is sludge from a wastewater treatment process, preferably a biological treatment process (an aerobic or an anaerobic process). The organic material comprise a mixture of sludge, lignocelulotic materials or waste. The organic material has been subjected to a mechanical dewatering. The mechanically dewatered organic material has a dry solid content of at least 10 (preferably 25) wt.%. The organic material in the fluid is at least 5 (preferably at least 50) wt.%. The product (I) comprises hydrocarbon in the form of oil. In the product (I), the fluid has a feed carbon content and a feed hydrocarbon content, where the hydrocarbon oil product comprises at least 20% (preferably at least 80%) of the feed carbon content. At least 20% (preferably at least 80%) of a energy content in the feed stream is recovered in the hydrocarbon (comprising 12-16C hydrocarbons) oil product. The hydrocarbon oil product is substantially free of sulfur and halogens. The hydrocarbon oil product comprises fatty acid esters and/or fatty acid methyl esters, and has diesel-like properties. The hydrocarbon oil product has a oxygen content in the range 0.1-30 %. The hydrocarbon oil product is adsorbed on the surface of a mineral product. The hydrocarbon product comprises methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound of the element(s) of group IVB of the periodic table comprises zirconium and/or titanium. The compound of element(s) of group IVB of the periodic table is on an oxide and/or hydroxide form. At least part of the compound of at least one element of group IVB of the periodic table is on a sulfate or sulfide form. Preferred Catalysts: The heterogeneous catalyst further comprises at least one element such as iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, chromium, tungsten, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, tin, zinc or silicon in up to 20 (preferably up to 2.5) wt.%. The elements are on an oxide and/or hydroxide form. The heterogeneous catalyst is in the form of a suspended particles, tablets, pellets, rings, cylinders, a honey comb structure and/or a fibrous structure. The heterogeneous catalyst is at least partly contained in a reactor (a fixed bed reactor) and has a BET surface area of at least 10 (preferably at least 200) m2/g after 1000 hours of use. The heterogeneous catalyst comprises at least one surface area stabilizer (up to 20 (preferably 1-3) wt.%) such as silicon, lanthanum, yttrium and/or cerium. The heterogeneous catalyst is produced from red mud. The homogeneous catalyst (at least 0.5 (preferably at least 4) wt.%) comprises potassium and/or sodium, preferably water soluble salt(s) such as potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pre-conversion system further comprises a storage for feeding organic material to the fluid in a feeding direction. The pre-conversion system further comprises a pre-treating unit (1) situated after the feedstock and before the first heating unit in the feeding direction. The pre-conversion system further comprises: the first particle separating unit situated after the first heating unit in the feeding direction; a second heating unit situated after the first particle separating unit and before the catalyst reactor in the feeding direction; and a second particle separation unit after the catalyst reactor in the feeding direction. The pre-conversion system further comprises means for re-circulating part of the feed of fluid after the catalyst reactor into the feed of fluid before the second heating unit in the feeding direction. The first heating unit is a first heat exchanger, which besides heating cools the fluid from pre-conversion system before entering the product recovery system. The pre-treating unit further comprises a heat exchange, which besides heating the fluid in the pre-treating system cools the fluid from pre-conversion system before entering the product recovery system. The pre-treating unit further comprises a first expansion unit, which is situated between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. The product recovery system further comprises a gas separating unit for separation of gas, such as fuel gas, where the gas separating unit is situated after the second heat exchanger and before the first membrane-filter in the feeding direction; and means for re-circulating the gas for heating the fluid in the second heating unit; a second expansion unit situated after the first membrane-filter in the feeding direction; a phase separator unit for separation of oil from the first stream, where the phase separator unit is situated after the membrane-filter in the feeding direction; means for re-circulating part of the first stream into the pretreating unit of the pre-conversion system; direct methanol fuel cell for generating electricity from the second stream; one or more membrane-filters; the second membrane-filter for separating a purified methanol compound from the second stream; means for re-circulating the purified methanol compound from the second stream to the pre-treating unit of the pre-conversion system. The plant further comprises means for supplying organic material to the apparatus; means for removal of the products from the apparatus; and a refinery.