TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first electrode comprises indium-tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, zinc oxide-(gallium oxide or aluminum oxide) (ZnO-(Ga2O3 or Al2O3)), or tin oxide-antimony oxide (SnO2-Sb2O3). The second electrode comprises platinum, gold, or carbon. The oxide layer is a transition metal oxide layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid crystal material is included in the matrix component in 5-95 wt.%. The liquid crystal mixture comprises alkyl-substituted liquid crystal material (60-90 wt.%), alkoxy-substituted liquid crystal material (10-30 wt.%), and alkylaryl-substituted liquid crystal material (3-15 wt.%). It comprises 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (35-65 wt.%), 4-n-heptyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (15-35 wt.%), 4-n-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl (10-30 wt.%), and 4-pentyl-(1,1';4',1")-4"-carbonitrile (3-15 wt.%). Preferred Component: The low-molecular weight liquid crystal material of (I) is a liquid crystal mixture comprising alkyl-substituted liquid crystal material, alkoxy-substituted liquid crystal material, and alkylaryl-substituted liquid crystal material. The siloxane polymer liquid crystal material comprises a polymer of formula (H3C)3Si-(O-Si(CH3))n(O-Si(CH3)3)-(CH2)6-O-p-Ph-CO2-p-Ph-CO2-Ra (2a), or (H3C)3Si-(O-Si(CH3))n(O-Si(CH3)3)-(CH2)3-O-(p-Ph)2-C?=N (2b).R3=1-10C alkyl group.The acryl polymer liquid crystal material comprises poly(4'-cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxycarbonyldecyl methacrylate), poly(4'-cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxypropyl acrylate), or poly(4'-cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxycarbonylbutyl acrylate). The electrolyte composition comprises a solvent and a redox couple dissolved in the solvent. Preferred Compound: The alkyl-substituted liquid crystal material is 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl or 4-n-heptyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl. The alkoxy-substituted liquid crystal material is 4-n-octyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl. The alkylaryl-substituted liquid crystal material is 4-pentyl-(1,1';4',1")-4"-carbonitrile. Preferred Parameter: The siloxane polymer liquid crystal material or the acryl polymer liquid crystal material has an average molecular weight of 5000-1000000. The matrix polymer is combined at a weight ratio of 1:30-1:5 based on the solvent. EXAMPLE - Polyacrylonitrile (0.04 g) and E7(RTM: low-molecular weight liquid crystal composition) (0.04 g) were used. As redox couples, tetrabutyl ammonium iodide/iodine (I2) were used in 0.072 g and 0.024 g, respectively, and as plasticizers, ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate were added at a ratio (1:4) of 0.423 g and 0.095 g. Subsequently, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (0.08 g) was added as an ionic liquid to increase the ionic conductivity. Then, E7(RTM: low-molecular weight liquid crystal composition) (0.04 g) was added at the same weight proportion as the polyacrylonitrile (0.04 g), dissolved in acetonitrile (0.314 g), and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, thus preparing an electrolyte solution.