NOVELTY - A system (s1) comprises a semiconductor attached to electrically conductive transparent support; ligand covalently attached to the semiconductor to form construct; electric conduit attached to the ligand; porous resin wafer prepared from ion exchange resins in electrical communication with the electric conduit; ion-exchange membrane such that the wafer is positioned intermediate the construct and membrane; cathodic compartment (36) such that the membrane is positioned between the cathodic compartment and resin wafer; and electrical connection between the cathodic compartment and support.    USE - For separating oppositely-charged charge carriers; and for simultaneously producing electricity and hydrogen (claimed). Also for photoelectrochemical production of electricity and photocatalytic production of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides high conversion efficiency and durability for direct hydrogen production from solar energy; provides a device having high proton separation rates, by which pure hydrogen is produced at high efficiency; eliminates or at least minimizes energy-wasting recombination (electron and hole) pathways; and also separates potentially sensitive materials from degradative reactions (e.g. the water oxidation). The single-step hydrogen production method significantly reduces costs by eliminating hydrogen gas separation and purification from oxygen and by eliminating other contaminants in the H2 gas stream. In addition, by avoiding consumables and sacrificial reagents, the costs are largely limited to the cost of the PEC. The system only emits oxygen and water supply impurities, and only require periodic module replacements, thus offers the opportunity to leverage technical improvements in materials developed outside of the device and substrate and increase overall performance of the photoelectrochemical (PEC).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) production (p1) of hydrogen gas involving inducing charge separation in semiconductor particles so as to produce electrons and holes; oxidizing water with the holes to produce oxygen ions and protons, where the protons are sequestered from the oxygen ions as the protons are produced; and directing the sequestered protons to a cathode; and    (2) a substantially dry system (s2) for simultaneously generating hydrogen gas and electricity, comprising several of photocatalysts; an electrically conductive polymer substantially encapsulating the photocatalysts; a cathode in electrical communication with the polymer; and an electrical conduit electrically connecting the photocatalysts to the cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a system for photo converting light into electricity.    composite particle (17)    cathode (26)    electric conductive polymer (32)    cathodic compartment (36)    protons. (40)