NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell (400) comprises two conductive layers (402, 406), metal oxide layer (403), functional dye layer (404), and electrolyte (405). The metal oxide layer is formed on the first conductive layer. The metal oxide layer comprises adjacent metal oxide cells, spaced from one another. The functional dye is formed on the metal oxide layer and second conductive layer. The electrolyte is between the functional dye layer and the second conductive layer. The conductive layers are transparent, and liquid. The metal oxide layer is form of metal oxide particle dispersion.    USE - The electrochemical cell is useful as dye sensitive solar cell (DSSC) or electrochromic display.    ADVANTAGE - The cell increases surface area of metal oxide layer, can be manufactured at lower cost than crystalline solar cell, increases quality of sensitizer dye resulting in increased light absorption, and improves the energy conversion efficiency of DSSC to more than 10%. The cell increases overall output voltage without the necessity of incorporating multi-layered structure, improves the incident photon to current conversion efficiency and control the stability/reproducibility of DSSC performance, thus precisely control the physical properties of metal oxide layer and absorption of sensitizer dye molecule. The cell provides higher quality images, i.e. increases the dots-per-inch for pixelated display.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal oxide particle dispersion liquid is water based liquid or an alcohol based liquid. The metal oxide particle dispersion liquid comprises metal oxide particles having a diameter of 5-500, preferably 18 nm. The metal oxide particle dispersion liquid includes viscosity modifier, surfactant to adjust surface tension, and binder. The viscosity modifier and binder each have a concentration less than 5% w/w. The surfactant is Triton X. The electrochemical cell is a dye sensitized solar cell. The functional dye layer is a clectrochromophore layer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for forming electrochemical cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows electrochemical cell.    Electrochemical cell (400)    Two conductive layers (402, 406)    Metal oxide layer (403)    Functional dye layer (404)    Electrolyte (405)