TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The capacitor layer contains activated carbon, a binder (B), and a conductive auxiliary agent. The activated carbon has a specific surface area 700 - 3500 m2/g and the binder contains at least one of a fluorine resin, a cellulose resin, and a synthetic rubber. The capacitor layer is a porous body and is formed on one or both sides of any of a plate form positive and negative electrode. The capacitor layer further contains a metallic lead powder and a lead compound. The lead compound (L) contains at least one monobasic lead sulfate, tribasic lead sulfate, tetrabasic lead sulfate, sulfate lead, and a lead oxide. The content of the binder in the capacitor layer is 1 - 50 mass %. The content of the conductive auxiliary agent in the capacitor layer is 5 - 80 mass %. The capacitor layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene and has an ability of forming a melt adhesion layer in heat treatment. The adhesion area ratio of the capacitor layer to a surface of the electrode is 20 - 100%. The lead-acid battery is cylindrical, valve-regulated or a tubular type lead-acid battery. Preferred Method: Kneading is performed with a water solution or water dispersion solution of the binder selected from binders (B) and lead compounds (L).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder (B) contains at least one polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluorovinylidene, polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxymethylethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, ethylene-propylene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, nitrile rubber, methacrylate methyl-butadiene rubber, butyl glycol acetate, and ethyl diglycol acetate. The conductive auxiliary agent contains at least one carbon black, acetylene black, furnace black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, isotropic graphite, mesophase carbon, pitch carbon fibers, vapor phase epitaxy carbon fibers, nanocarbon, and PAN (polyacrylonitrile) carbon fibers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.