TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is a ceramic or zeolite. The structure is in the form of an ionically conductive membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation (p2) of the solid ionically conductive polymer (p1) involves polymerizing a quaternary ammonium starting material and providing a plasticizer in the polymer present to render the polymer non-crystalline thus increasing conductivity. Preferred Components: The plasticizer is present as an additive to the polymer (preferably propylene carbonate). The polymer is self-plasticizing. The polymer includes an anion present as a counterion to the quaternary ammonium, and the anion itself acts as a plasticizer. The quaternary ammonium itself acts as a self-plasticizer. The solid ionically conductive polymer conducts by anionic, cationic or proton conduction. The polymer is formed from the polymerization of a dienyl quaternary ammonium. The polymer is formed from polymerization of a starting material which comprises a group of sub-formula (I).R2 and R3=(CR7R8)n, CR9R10, CR7R8CR9R10 or CR9R10CR7R8;n=0 - 2;R7 and R8=H, halo or hydrocarbyl;R9 and R10=H or an electron withdrawing group;R9+R10=an electron withdrawing group;R4 and R5=CH or CR11;R11=electron withdrawing group;a'=a bond or absent;X1=CX2X3 or CX2;Y1=CY2Y3 or CY2;X2, X3, Y2 and Y3=H, fluorine or other substituents;R1=H, halo, nitro or hydrocarbyl (optionally substituted or interposed with functional groups) (preferably alkyl having less than three carbon atoms; especially methyl);R12=H, halo, nitro, hydrocarbyl (optionally substituted or interposed with functional groups), -R3-R5=Y1 or -R3-R5?=Y1;Z=anion of charge m;m=not defined.Provided that:(1) either one of R9 or R10 is H, then the other is an electron withdrawing group;(2) when X1 is CX2X3, then the a' is absent; when X1 is CX2, then the a' is a bond; when Y1 is CY2Y3, then the a' is absent; and when Y1 is CY2, then a' is a bond.The substrate is porous, and the solid ionically conductive polymer is located in the pores of the substrate. Preferred Method: In the method (p2), the quaternary ammonium starting material is sprayed onto a target structure prior to the step of polymerizing. In the method (p2) the step of polymerizing is carried out by the application of radiation or heat and if necessary in presence of an initiator; or by the application of ultraviolet radiation. EXAMPLE - A mixture of 1,10-dibromodecane (23.8 g), diallylamine (15.4 g) and K2CO3 (58 g) in absolute ethanol were refluxed overnight. Reaction progress was checked using TLC. Solid KBr and excess K2CO3 were removed from the solvent by filtration. Ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation together with any remaining diallylamine. Any sold KBr appearing at this point in the synthesis was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) and filtered. Monomers obtained using dry silica gel flushed through with dry DCM. To a solution of monomer in methanol or dry DCM, a 6M aqueous solution of hydroperfluoric acid (HPF6) was added until the mixture reaches a pH of 5 - 6. The water was allowed to evaporate, leaving a corresponding quaternary amine (a1). To the obtained quaternary amine (a1), propylene carbonate (25 - 60 wt.%) and Irgacure 184 (RTM: photoinitiator) (3 wt.%) was added, dissolved by gentle heating and mixing. The mixture was cured by exposure to UV radiation. Exposure times depend on the UV radiation source and exposure conditions: in this instance exposure involved two passes each of approximately 1 second to a 600 W/cm Ga doped mercury UV source. The polymer thus formed was found to be conductive.