TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microbe: The Pseudomonas bacteria comprises Pseudomonas sp. LTA10 strain (FERM P-20141).Preferred Nutrient: The nutrient comprises by-product of livestock farm or food industries, preferably wheat bran, bean curd lees, rice bran, rapeseed lees, barley, wheat, beer yeast, cheese whey and/or fish dregs.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The composting of livestock farming waste materials involves further adding nutrient for promoting proliferation of microbes to the organic waste, and composting the waste covered with heat retaining air-permeable sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The wash solution is heated first by indirect heat exchange at 170-180degreesC and subsequently with thermal oil at 190-230degreesC. The desorption of the wash solution is cooled off by heat exchanger at 5-15degreesC.The liquid carbon dioxide is cleaned by adsorption process on food quality. The liquid carbon dioxide separated in the desorption step further used as a liquefier in the preparation of methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - COMPUTING AND CONTROL - A robot with automatic program controls the valve of entry of the effluents to the filter bed from measured liquid level in the filter bed using programmed clock. The automatic program is designed to control the mud level over several years.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The moss is pre-treated by heating the moss to change it from a hydrophilic state to a hydrophobic state. The method includes mixing the moss and the nutrient solution by supporting the moss on a support surface; agitating the moss on the support surface, spreading the moss out on the support surface; allowing the moss to fall from the support surface under the influence of gravity; and spraying the nutrient solution onto the moss after it has fallen from the support surface to coat exposed surfaces of the moss with the nutrient solution. It includes mixing the bioremediation product together with the liquid hydrocarbon into soil in a soil landfill; and allowing time for microorganisms occurring naturally in the soil to consume and decompose the liquid hydrocarbon. Preferred Parameter: The moss has a moisture content of between 12-20 %; a Van Post grade of between 1-4. The nutrient solution includes phosphate and nitrate in a weight ratio of 1 part phosphate to 5 parts nitrate.Preferred Component: The nutrient solution includes water as the solvent and nutrients in the form of phosphates and nitrates dissolved in it. It includes an emulsifying agent, which is in the form of a biodegradable, non-ionic surfactant; hydrogen peroxide; a culture containing microorganisms, which have an affinity for consuming the liquid hydrocarbons.Preferred Composition: The nutrient solution includes 3-6 wt.% hydrogen peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The method includes removing a non-aqueous phase from after a treatment step. The pH-lowering step comprises the step of exposing the caustic solution or oxidized solution to an acidic gas. The step of lowering the pH of the oxidized solution comprises the step of exposing the oxidized solution to a mineral acid. The step of oxidizing the pH-modified caustic solution comprises the step of exposing the pH-modified caustic solution to an oxidizing agent. The oxidation step and the second pH lowering step are performed simultaneously. The second pH lowering step liberates carbon dioxide. The method includes treating additional spent caustic solution with the liberated carbon dioxide.Preferred Components: The acidic gas is carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or hydrochloric acid. The oxidizing agent is oxygen, ozone, air, or air enriched with oxygen. The mineral acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, or nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The heater heats the feed material to 60 - 100degreesC for at least 45 minutes. The system further comprises a reservoir (16) for capturing the effluent from the industrial production plant and device for adjusting electrolytes in the organic feed material. The bioreactor further includes an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor; a device for removing hydrogen from the bioreactor; an effluent passage providing removal access to the bioreactor; a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the organic feed material in the heater and a hydrogen capturing device that includes a separator to separate hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic feed material is an effluent from an industrial production plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Property: The pH of the organic feed material in the bioreactor is controlled to a range of 3.5-6 pH. Preferred Substrate: The substrates are pipes, rods, beads, slats, tubes, slides, screens, honeycombs, spheres, objects with latticework, or objects with holes or passages bored through the surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The gelatinous matrix is formed from agar and carbon compound. The carbon compound is glucose, fructose, glycerol, mannitol, asparagines, casein, Adonitol, 1-arabinose, cellobiose, dextrose, dulcitol, d-galactose, inositol, lactose, levulose, maltose, d-mannose, melibiose, raffinose, rhamnose, sucrose, salicin, d-sorbitol, and/or d-xylose. EXAMPLE - No relevant example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises utilizing the energy conversion process to convert the moisture controlled solid waste into fuel, heat, and power. Controlling an amount of moisture in the solids waste stream comprises heating the solids waste stream to control a moisture content of the solids waste stream. Separating the liquids and solids comprises routing the waste to settling tank(s), mechanical separator(s), and buffer tank(s). The method further comprises removing further solids from the liquid waste stream, treating the liquid waste stream resulting in water, and recycling the water. The method further comprises converting the moisture controlled solid waste into a fuel, using the fuel in a power generation device, and recovering heat from cooling water of the power generation device or exhaust from the power generation device to preheat the solids waste stream. It further comprises converting the moisture controlled solid waste into a fuel, and recovering heat from the fuel, the steam, hot gasses, or hot fluid exiting the energy conversion process to preheat the solids waste stream.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The mechanical separator is a belt press, a press, an auger, a conveyor, a centrifuge, a hydrocyclone, and a screen separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amine antimicrobial agent comprises aliphatic amine, ether amine (preferably R1-O-R2-NH2 or R1-O-R2-NH-R3-NH2) or diamine (preferably ((R1a)-NH(R2a)-NH3)+(CH3COO)- or ((R1a)-NH2(R2a)-NH3)++(CH3COO)2-). (I) has pH greater than or equal to 8. (I) further comprises: polyol; 0.003-35 wt.% of nonionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant comprising nonionic block copolymer having (EO)y(PO)z, 6-24C alkyl phenol alkoylated having 2-15 moles of ethylene oxide and/or alkoxylated amine having 2-20 moles of ethylene oxide; or 0.0005-35 (preferably 0.1-35) wt.% of silicone surfactant. (I) comprises: 5-35 wt.% of alkanol amine borate and the alkanol amine borate comprising monoethanolammonium borate, diethanolammonium borate and/or triethanolammonium borate; 0.1-20 wt.% of hydrotrope; or detersive enzyme comprising protease, amylase, lipase, cellulose, peroxidase and/or gluconase. (I) being substantially free of sodium ion.R1=a linear saturated or unsaturated C6-C18 alkyl;R2, R3=a linear or branched Cl-C8 alkyl;R1a = 10-18C aliphatic group or an ether group (R10a-O-R11a);R10a = 10-18C aliphatic group;R11a = 1-5C alkyl;R2a = 1-5C alkylene; andy, z = 2-100. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprises (wt.%): water (26), boric acid (10), alkanol amine (19), polyol (8), nonionic surfactant (8), silicone surfactant (3), amphoteric surfactant (5), anionic surfactant (8), hydrotrope (11), spore blend (2) and protease (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus: The anaerobic bioreactor further contains facultative bacteria. The aerobic bioreactor contains facultative bacteria or aerobes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The fermentation is performed using microorganism preferably, lactic acid bacteria or some different lactic acid bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Ingredients: The sake lees are sake/alcohol, natural brewing sake/alcohol, genuine rice wine, high quality sake or daiginjo-shu. The preparation further contains sugar, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, iron, vinegar, honey, flavor, cow's milk, soybean milk and/or pectin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Wastewater is treated by anaerobically reacting the composite material, organic material, nitrite nitrogen and/or nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are, and removing organic material, and nitrate nitrogen and/or nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen as nitrogen gas (N2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is mercury or substitute which comprises the reaction promotion effect same as mercury. Preferred Additive: The additive is a substitute containing citric acid or squeeze of fruit containing citrus fruits which have the same oxide-film solvent action, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or another acidic agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microbial Population: The soil microbial population is obtained from gley layer soil of paddy field. The microbial population is obtained when the soil microorganisms exhibit degradation activity after cultivation for more than four months and maintains the degradation activity after cultivation for more than 10 months. The dechlorination activity with respect to 2-chlorination-compound-6-chlorination compound of the aromatic chlorine is 5% or more as defined by the formula: Dechlorinated % = (1-(chlorinated amount after cultivation/chlorinated amount before cultivation))x100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The porous material is mixed with metal powder, which is an iron powder or titanium powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Porous Material: The porous material in the culture medium is an integration substance or a bead made from inorganic material. The porous material has an average pore diameter of 10-800 microns. EXAMPLE - Acquisition of the microbial population capable of degrading aromatic chlorine compound. Rough-grain strong gley soil was collected from the aromatic chlorine compound uncontaminated water rice field. The soil immediately after extraction showed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degradation activity. When additional soil was used for the long term liquid culture for four months under anaerobic conditions, various homologs were degraded simultaneously. The microbial population, which shows anaerobic degradation activity with respect to the various homologs of PCB at or before cultivation, was obtained as a microorganism group for long-term cultivation in anaerobic conditions in soil. The average dechlorinated rate of the microorganisms group in soil after 15 subculture in artificial culture medium was 30.8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Unit: The illuminating radiation supplier is a pulse-laser light source which supplies pulse-laser light as illuminating radiation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The hydrogen generator is provided with a medium holder for accommodating the hydrogen generation medium, a light transmissive window (26) which transmits the illuminating radiation from the condensing optical system to the hydrogen generation medium within the holder, an illuminating radiation supplier (30) for supplying illuminating radiation, and a light recycling unit for irradiating again the illuminating radiation passing through the hydrogen generation medium with respect to the medium as illuminating radiation. The medium consists of a liquid, and a transparent hydrophilic agent is applied on the surface of the medium side of the light transmissive window.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen generation media are water, methanol, ethanol and/or acetone. The hydrophilic agent consists of a substance having photocatalytic action. A surfactant is added to the hydrogen generation medium. The hydrogen generation medium consists of ice, and has a function of hydrogen collector by itself.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding microorganism having lipase and/or lipase producing ability to the organic waste, where the organic waste is in emulsifying or non-emulsifying state before the addition of microorganism. The method involves de-emulsifying organic waste, and stirring the organic waste until it re-emulsify or emulsify. The organic waste containing triglyceride and/or fatty acid is chosen from product such as raw material, milk of mammal, egg of birds, animal and vegetable oils and its waste. The heat is obtained for the production of methane and sewage gas obtained by the methane formation apparatus is used as a fuel for cogeneration installation, and for converting light energy into heat energy. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition also contains strains of Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, together with a nutritional reserve. ADMINISTRATION - The preferred concentration of the microorganisms in a liquid formulation is 103-109 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml), preferably 105-107 cfu/ml. The preferred concentration of the microorganisms in a solid formulation is 103-109 cfu/g, preferably 105-107 cfu/g (all claimed).    SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - Specifically claimed are B. megaterium strain AMCB1 deposited in the Spanish Standard Culture Collection (Coleccion Espanola de Cultivos Tipo, CECT) on 27 July 2004 under the accession number CECT 7012, and the B. subtilis strain AMCB3 deposited in CECT on 27 July 2004 under the accession number CECT 7014.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen containing feedstocks are synthesis gas or syngas. The oxygen containing hydrocarbon compounds are C2-oxygenates and the particulate catalyst is a particulate rhodium-based catalyst. The C2-oxygenates are acetic acid, acetaldehyde and ethanol obtained in 50 (preferably 55, more preferably 60) wt.% of the products. The paraffinic aliphatic monohydric alcohol comes from the oxygenates obtained from the conversion reactor and the alcohol is preferably separated from the other oxygenates. The alcohol is methanol. EXAMPLE - No relevent example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pellets contains additives selected from ammonium nitrate, calcium, manganese, aluminum, barium, iron, potassium and amorphous silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The catalyst is alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound, preferably sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The amount of catalyst used is 0.0002-0.2 mol with respect to 1 kg of raw material oil and fat in the reaction system.Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out by maintaining the temperature of oil and fat, and alcohol at 250-350degreesC. EXAMPLE - Rapeseed oil (150 g) was put in a sample cylinder and caustic potash catalyst (0.075 g) was added. The mixture was maintained in a 270 degreesC hot-air circulation type thermostat.    Methanol as a 270 degrees superheated steam was blown into the mixture from the sample cylinder lower part at a velocity of 50 g /h under atmospheric pressure. The reaction product comprising fatty acid ester and glycerol was removed with methanol as an excess of superheated steam from upper direction, cooled and then concentrated under reduced pressure whereby excess methanol was removed. The amounts of fatty acid ester and glycerol collected were 30.6 g and 3.1 g respectively over a 1 hour period. In the ICP analysis of the reaction product, potassium was not detected. The content of the raw-material oil fat contained in the fatty acid ester was 0.1 %.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The desulfurization agent is chosen from desulfurization agent containing zeolite and/or metallic element, metal oxide and metal component carrying oxide. The desulfurization agent contains zeolite containing metal component chosen from silver, copper, nickel, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and rare earth metal. The zeolite is beta (BEA) and/or faujasite (FAU) structure. The desulfurization agent contains metallic element, metal oxide and metal carrying oxide containing metal component chosen from silver, copper, nickel, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, silicon, aluminum, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and rare earth metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The LPG fuel has 2C hydrocarbon content of 1 vol% or less, 4C hydrocarbon content of 2 vol% or less and remaining 3C hydrocarbon content. The LPG fuel has 3C olefin content of 0.1 vol% or less, 4C diolefin content of 0.03 vol% or less, and 4C olefin and/or diolefin content of 0.1 vol% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon dioxide contained in the low carbon dioxide concentration gaseous flow is put into contact with an alkaline solution in the presence of a biocatalyst. The alkaline solution is made of minerals of an alkaline metal (particularly sodium minerals). The precipitation of a carbonic acid salt is generated by using a low carbon dioxide concentration gaseous flow. The salt of carbonic acid is an alkaline metal bicarbonate (particularly sodium bicarbonate). Treating organic matter is carried out through a microbial anaerobic digestion process. The carbonic acid salt generated in the first step of the process is also used in the second step of the process to control alkalinity or acidity in a methanogenic zone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The method further comprises using sulfur trioxide (SO3) from the third step as a substrate in the first step. The gaseous SO3 is decomposed in first step in a decomposition reactor under 600-1000degreesC. The method further comprises cooling a first portion of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxygen (O2) produced in first step with the SO3 formed in third step in a heat exchange relationship, or cooling with water in a heat exchange relationship. The SO2 is separated from the O2 in second step in absorption tank(s). SO2 is absorbed in absorbent in the absorption tank, where the O2 is expelled through an outlet in the absorption tank. The SO2 is released from the absorbent by heating the absorption tank with a second portion of the SO2 and O2 produced in first step. The SO2 is separated from the O2 in second step with a membrane system. The gaseous water (H2O) in third step is produced in a steam generator. The SO2 is oxidized in third step in an electrolyzer with electrolysis. SO2 is conveyed into the first section and gaseous H2O is conveyed into the second section. The third step includes the step of applying a current to the cell. The electrolysis is performed at voltages above 1 V, at current densities above 4.5 kA/m2. The third step is conducted at 20-200degreesC. The pressure of the method is maintained such that liquid species containing sulfur oxide is not formed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The decomposition reactor further includes a catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: An energy source for the decomposition reactor is a nuclear reactor, a power plant, solar energy, or fossil fuels. The electrolyzer includes a membrane that divides the electrolyzer into a first section and a second section.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The bacteria belonging to Aeromonas genus is Aeromonas sp. NIT01 strain (FERM P-20528) or its mutant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The desulfurizing process of liquefied petroleum gas is carried out using a desulfurizing agent. The desulfurizing agent is at least one type chosen from zeolite and/or metallic element, metal oxide and metal component supported oxide. The desulfurizing agent contains at least one of metal component chosen from silver component, copper component, nickel component, zinc component, manganese component, iron component, cobalt component, alkali metal component, alkaline earth metal component and rare earth metal component. The zeolite has beta and/or faujasite structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquefied petroleum gas contains 0.1 volume% or less of 2C olefin, 0.3 volume% or less of 3C olefin and 0.5 volume% or less of 4C olefin and diolefin. The content of 4C diolefin is 0.03 volume% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process of preparing the recycled fertilizer further involves drying the recycled fertilizer after mixing, concentrating the product by mixing with methane-fermentation liquid further generated from a methane-fermentation plant. The paper sludge ash is prepared by mixing paper sludge and purified lime dregs and baking the mixture.Preferred Components: The granular material further comprises press cake material. The fermented liquor is used in the form of slurry before dehydration and dehydrated supernatant liquor after the dehydration is used for the methane fermentation liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The xylose dehydrogenase is immobilized by electrodes e.g. carbon electrode for generating electric power from glucose and xylose. The strongly acidic biomass residue generated from wooden and herb type biomass residue after sulfuric acid saccharification is used as alkali soil improvement agent or neutralizing agent of alkali waste material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The apparatus is provided with (i) distilling column for distilling the esterified reaction liquid and separating alcohol, low-boiling-point component containing water, and high-boiling-point component containing fatty acid, fatty acid ester, and impurities, (ii) alcohol recovery unit for distilling the low-boiling-point component and recovering alcohol, (iii) fatty-acid removal unit for separating and removing fatty acid contained in high-boiling-point component by neutralization, (iv) unit for removing high-boiling-point impurities as still residue by distilling the high-boiling-point component, and (v) separator for separating fatty acid ester and glycerin fatty acid ester in the high-boiling-point component by specific gravity difference. The mixer is comprised such that the lower alcohol is heated-up to the reaction temperature of supercritical state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Sludge: At least one type of sludge is activated carbon. The sludge contains micronano bubbles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The malodorous gas is gas containing volatile organic compound. The sludge is sludge containing micronano bubble. The volatile organic compound is isopropyl alcohol, acetone and/or butyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron conductor material is polyacetyl, resorcinol, phenol, 2-phenyl phenol, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, phenyl phosphonic acid and/or phenyl silane alkoxide. The proton conduction material is substance containing proton dissociation group, derivative of phosphoric acid and/or derivative of sulfuric acid.Preferred Process: The resorcinol and trimethyl phosphate are bonded by dehydrate-polymerization, to obtain gel. The gel is freeze-dried or supercritical dried, to obtain precursor. The precursor is heated in inert gas atmosphere, to obtain mixed conductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process : The starting material is contacted with the activated carbon as a gas or vapor at 400-800degreesC in the presence of a maximum of 10 vol.% local water or at 200-550degreesC with a maximum of 7 vol.% local water, the water being added to the inert gas stream and/or to the starting material and/or as a vapor and optionally also containing glycerol. Conversion is effected in e.g. a fluidized bed reactor at 0.2-2.0 bar using carbon activated with carbon dioxide and/or steam, the exiting gas product being treated to catalytically hydrogenate the unsaturated hydrocarbons and then being further treated to recycle unreacted materials and to oxidize carbon monoxide to acid-free carbon dioxide. EXAMPLE - Conversion in the reactor of a 70degreesC-heated coconut oil microemulsion with glycerol added at 0.554 g per g. fat resulted in an increase in the yield of gasoline content (5-8C alkanes) by a factor of 1.6 and an increase in the diesel content (11-20C alkanes) by a factor of 1.3, each value being based on a run without added glycerol and the product composition being 82 wt.% diesel components and 14 wt.% gasoline components.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the first and second triglyceride oil is 3:1 by volume.The blend comprises up to 5 vol.% of an antioxidant.The first and second triglyceride oils are canola and poppyseed oil respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal is selected from iron, zinc, copper, aluminum and/or nickel. Preferred Process: The method further includes reacting the metal oxide with hydrocarbon to reduce the metal to zero-valent state after precipitation of the metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic acid is selected from carboxylic acids, formic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid. The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, starches, sugars, oxygen or ozone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Clay: The clay is a hectorite and/or a montmorillonite such that the membrane is impermeable to carbon monoxide and permeable to hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterial strains are facultative anaerobes and/or obligate anaerobes (preferably sulfate reducing bacteria, nitrate reducing bacteria, chromium (VI) reducing anaerobes or chlorinated solvent degrading bacteria).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further involves intermittent introduction of additional floating non-aqueous liquid electron donor and intermittent removal of accumulated solids by pumping or bacterial colonization as a biofilm within treatment zone. Preferred Characteristics: The characteristics of the water to be evaluated are concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS); temperature at the collection point and estimates of annual temperature swings in an average year; specific conductivity; current pH and annual fluctuations; estimated annual minimum and maximum flow rates; type and quantity of contaminants including heavy metals; metalloids; lanthanides and actinides; nitrates; nitrites, and chlorinated organics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The floating non-aqueous liquid electron donor is vegetable oil selected from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, corn oil, palm oil, castor oil, olive oil or peanut oil (preferably mineral oil).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Material: The organic material is mugwort microbe, chlorella microbe and soil fungus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metal is from groups 5-11 of the periodic table.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The mixed gas contains carbon dioxide as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The waste material is chosen from embankment mowed grass and excrements instead of agricultural and forestry waste material. EXAMPLE - The distilled water (1 L) was added to fragmented rice straws (100 g), and treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (10 ml). The contents were ground and filtered. The saccharified liquid was obtained after 3 hours at 120degreesC. The obtained saccharified liquid (20 ml) was treated with Kluyreromyces thermotolerans, Saccharomyces salmon, Dekkera bruxellensis, Rhizopus oryzae NBRC4707, Bacillus coagulans NBRC12714, Streptococcus salivarius NBRC13956, Lactobacillus casei NGRI0107, L.amylophoilus NBRC15881, L.murinus NBRC14221, and cultured for 3 days. After static culture, the culture solution was centrifuged at 25degreesC. The supernatant liquid was purified by HPLC. The B.coagulans NBRC12714 was found to be 53 g/kg of rice straw. Results showed that both lactic acid and succinic acid biodegradable plastic can be produced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cobalt support powder contains 1-12 mass% of cobalt. The rhodium support powder contains 0.2-6 mass% of rhodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The female hormone substance is a 17beta-estradiol, estrone, estriol or ethynyl estradiol. The microorganism is a Sphingomonas sp. C-12 (FERM P-18838). When 108-109 microorganisms is cultured in the 1 L modified Dominic and Graham's mediums (MDG) for 8 hours along with 100 ppm of 17beta-estradiols, the microorganisms has the capability to decompose 80% or more of 17beta estradiols in the culture medium.Preferred Method: The female hormone substance in wastewater or soil is decomposed. The method involves carrying out adhesion growth of the microorganisms in the solid support body surface. EXAMPLE - Identification of microorganisms having female hormone substance decomposing ability was carried out as follows. Five strain (A-Y2 strain, E-Y strain, D-Y strain, D-I strain and C-I2 strain) of microorganism was obtained. The microbe was cultured in YM slope agar medium at 30degreesC for 3 days. After cultivation, DNA extraction buffer (containing Tris-hydrochloric acid (100 mM) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (40 mM)) was added to the collected microbe. Then, benzylcholoride (200 mul) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (50 mul) was added and shook for 30 minutes at 50degreesC. Sodium acetate was added, and subjected to centrifugation. The supernatant was added on to another tube, and the DNA was extracted from each microbial cell of the five strains. The DNA was subjected to amplification by PCR using primers such as agagtttgatcmtggctcag (8F) and aaggaggtgatccarccgca (15R), and the sequencing of DNA was determined. Thus, the microorganism capable of decomposing female hormone substance was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The substrate is enriched with a special catalyst; it has a bulk density of not more than 350 kg/m3 and a crumbly, profoundly loose structure, and provides a high water storage capacity and good aeration. EXAMPLE - Liquid manure was processed in a separator to give a solid with the required consistency, which was then thoroughly mixed with natural biological additives and impregnated with catalyst (also from biological starting materials) in a specially designed machine (Turner). On the basis of measurements of physical and chemical parameters carried out during the maturing process, the mixture was reacted by the special Turner method and optionally re-impregnated with catalyst. After rotting, this gave a biologically stabilised product with an almost unlimited shelf life, suitable for a wide range of plant growing applications.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcium-containing compound is dolomite or calcite. The solid sulfur sorbent comprises tin oxides on a substrate or multilayers of sorbent on substrate. The multilayers comprise a first layer of sorbent based on tin oxide, a terminal layer of a metal and at least an intermediate layer. The terminal layer is copper or nickel on a substrate and the last intermediate layer, before the terminal layer is a layer of tin oxide. The substrate is clay, silicates, alumina or titanium oxide. The reactor is an airborne current reactor.Preferred Method: The dust and fine ash (5) are removed before the removal of the halogens from the raw synthesis gas. The water-gas-shift-conversion step takes place in the presence of a molybdenum catalyst, optionally cobalt or nickel on a substrate. The pressure of vapor stream containing hydrogen sulfide is same as the pressure in the gasification reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second containers are molded from plastics material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of components (a and b) is 20/80-80/20. The sum total content of the components (a and b) is 80 mass% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The homogeneous catalyst comprises an alkali or an acid. The alkali catalyst comprises sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The separated glycerin in transesterification process comprises alkali catalyst and the process further comprises neutralizing the alkali catalyst with an inorganic or organic acid. The isobutylene is obtained as a relatively pure stream by separation from the olefin-containing stream. The catalyzed reaction step in the fatty acid olefin reaction process comprises contacting the olefin-containing stream with the acidic ion exchange resin catalyst to form carbonium ions on the catalyst's acidic sites based on isobutylene; and contacting the carbonium ions formed on the catalyst acidic sites with fatty acids to produce the monoesters. The process further comprises reacting glycerin produced during the process with isobutylene to produce di- and tri- glycerol ethers. The process is integrated with an alkylation process in a petroleum refining plant, the integration comprising balancing the conversion of olefins in the olefin-containing stream with isobutene availability for the alkylation process.Preferred Components: The organic acid is acetic acid and/or lactic acid. The olefin-containing stream comprises isobutylene. The catalyst in fatty acid olefin reaction process comprises an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of gold particles in the catalyst is 0.5 - 6 (preferably 1 - 5) wt./wt.% and particle size of the gold particles is not greater than 6.0 nm. The oxide support is selected from consisting of zinc oxide, zirconium oxide or sodium mordenite (NaMor). EXAMPLE - A methanol reforming reaction was performed in anhydrous conditions with 4 wt.% of gold on zinc oxide. The results showed that methanol was significantly oxidized to hydrogen with negligible carbon monoxide contamination at 150degreesC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The alkali extraction is achieved by mixing rice hull ash with a sodium hydroxide solution and boiling the mixture for a predetermined period of time, e.g. one hour. Carbon residue from incomplete burning of rice hull is filtered.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The salt is magnesium salt, preferably a magnesium sulfate solution. It may also be a calcium salt, preferably a calcium chloride solution. Preferred Property: The adsorbent has a minimum surface area of 245 m2 per gram.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Compound: The ferric ion is supplied as chelate compound. Preferred Method: The microorganism processing is performed in ammonia treatment tank (2) by microorganism fixing method using a support (4). Ferric ion is supplied to ammonia treatment tank and to-be-processed liquid is anaerobically processed. Ferric ion is converted into ferrous ion, and process liquid is concentrated. The ferric ion is again circulated to microorganism processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Raw Material: The fertilizer raw material is garbage, livestock excrements, excrement, purification tank sludge, sewage sludge and agricultural waste. The fertilizer component for adjustment is phosphoric acid and other minerals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The control portion detects the gaseous generation rate based on gas storage volume variation per unit time of gas storage portion, and photoelectric current amount detected according to gas generation rate. The control portion adjusts the distance between water surface and energy conversion portion by adjusting the quantity of gas stored in storage portion, and by raising or lowering the electrolysis apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism lacks glucose, saccharose, D-mannitol, inositol, D-sorbitol, L-rhamnose, D-mellibiose, D-amygdalin and L-arabinose utilization activity. SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - The claimed Acinetobacter sp. is Acinetobacter baumanii.    EXAMPLE - KIM30135 strain was isolated as follows. The unused or used engine oil (60 mul-20 ml) was added to inorganic culture mediums (1 l) containing magnesium sulfate hepta hydrate (0.1 g), ferrous sulfate hepta hydrate (0.05 g), ammonium sulfate (0.005 g), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (1.1 g), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2.29 g), magnesium sulfate hepta hydrate (0.9 g) L-ascorbic acid (0.005 g). Aqueous solution (20 mul) extracted from several soil samples were added, and performed shaking culture at 30degreesC, 160 rpm. Streaking of the microorganism was carried out on agar medium, and cultured at 30degreesC for 24 hours, to obtain the individual clone grown. Cultured clone was screened, to obtain the individual microbial cells having activity of decomposing of an oil component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No general method for the preparation of the primer and prone is given. EXAMPLE - Synthesis of primer was carried out as follows. The primer was synthesized based on 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequence of the bacteria obtained from the database. The preservation region and variable region of 16s ribosomal RNA was introduced, and sludge decomposer microbe was determined by comparison with sequence of Escherichia coli. Thus primer synthesis was carried out using the DNA synthetic machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The energy gained in the combustion step is used for drying the residue and to operate steam boiler and steam turbine, where the turbine operates a current generator. The granulated waste material is used as plastic components in polyethylene terephthalate and other plastics. The calorific value of the pellets is constant. The sludge provides moisture content to the pellets. The waste heat is useful for drying. The drying takes place with an air current having good impulse.