TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: At least one organic compound layer is between the p-type organic compound layer and the second electrode. The electronic device may be an organic transistor that includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode, an insulating layer on the gate electrode, and a p-type organic compound layer on the insulating layer. At least one of the source and drain electrodes includes a conductive layer and an n-type organic compound layer forming an NP junction together with the p-type organic compound layer. The electronic device may be an organic solar cell that includes an anode including a conductive layer and an n-type organic compound layer; a cathode; and an electron donor layer consisting of a p-type organic compound layer between the n-type organic compound layer and the cathode and forms an NP junction together with the n-type organic compound layer. An electron acceptor layer is between the cathode and the electron donor layer. Preferred Properties: The n-type organic compound layer of the first electrode or anode has an LUMO energy level of 4-7 eV and electron mobility of 10-8 - 1 cm2/Vs.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The conductive layer may be formed of a metal or a metal oxide. It may be formed of calcium (Ca), calcium-silver (Ca-Ag), calcium-indium zinc oxide (Ca-IZO), or magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The n-type organic compound layer contains a multi-ring heterocyclic compound of formula (I).R1-R6=H, halo, -CN, -NO2, -SO2R, -SOR, -SO2NR, -SO3R, -CF3, -COOR, -CONHR, or -CONRR'; or optionally substituted straight or branched chain 1-12C alkoxy, straight or branched 1-12C alkyl, aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring, aryl, mono- or di-arylamine, or aralkylamine;R, R'=optionally substituted 1-60C alkyl, aryl or 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring.It contains 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ), fluoro-substituted 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), cyano-substituted PTCDA, naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA), fluoro-substituted NTCDA, or cyano-substituted NTCDA.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The conductive layer may be a conductive polymer.