TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron carrying layer contains an oxide semiconductor and the hole transportation layer further contains a metallic compound chosen from halogenated metal, thiocyanated metal and/or amidated metal or a mixture of ionic liquid. The semiconductor oxide is chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide and nickel oxide.Preferred Properties: The electron carrying layer has a roughness factor of 20 or more and a film thickness of 100 nm or more. The electron carrying layer has a multilayered structure comprising a non-porous structure layer and a porous structure layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains an imidazolinium compound. The photosensitization compound (5) is chosen from compounds of formulae (6-10).R25-R31 = H, (alkoxy/aryloxy)carboxyl, quaternary ammonium salt or metal salt of (carboxyl group or sulfonic acid), phosphonic acid or its metal salt, alkyl or alkenyl group having acidic group;X1 = halogen, cyano group, thiocyanic acid or isocyanic acid;R32-R35 = H or alkyl;Ar7 = bivalent (vinylene, optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic group);X2 and X3 = cyano, nitro, halogen or (un)substituted (alkyl sulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl);R36 and R39-R41 = H or quaternary ammonium salt;R37 and R38 = (un)substituted (heterocyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon or alkyl);s = 0-2;X4 = oxygen, sulfur or selenium; andX5 = rhodanine ring, oxygen, sulfur or substituent.R38 and benzene ring, or R41 and benzene ring may combine to form a ring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The polymeric material is of formula (11, 12, 13, 14 or 15).Ar1 and Ar4 = same as defined above;R44, R45 and R50-R54 = halogen, (un)substituted alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio;r-u, w, x and y = 0-4;R46 = R44 or aromatic hydrocarbon;q and z = 0-5;R47-R49 = R44;a ndv = 0-3. EXAMPLE - Dialdehyde (g) (0.852) and diphosphonate (1.525) were stirred at room temperature for 2 hours after adding tetrahydrofuran solution of potassium t-butoxide. Benzyl diethyl phosphonate and benzaldehyde were added sequentially and acetic acid (1 ml) was added. The reaction solution was water-washed and the solvent was removed to obtain a polymer material (1.07, yield of 73%) having a glass transition temperature of 116.9degreesC, number average molecular weight of 8500 and weight average molecular weight of 20000. Cis-bis(isothiocyanate)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium (II)-bis-tetra-n-butyl ammonium was adsorbed on titanium oxide semiconductor electrode. The polymer was impregnated on the electrode and gold was deposited as counter electrode to obtain an optoelectric transducer. The optoelectric transducer had open circuit voltage of 0.82 V, short circuit current density of 3.1 mA/cm2, form factor of 0.62 and conversion efficiency of 1.58%.