TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Solution: The biomass solution further comprises enzymes containing at least hydrolyzing function selected from cellulose, hemicellulose, lignincellulose, and protein hydrolysis. The enzymes are immobilized to the working fluid. The protein fraction further comprises debittering additives having both the ability to reduce the bitter taste of the free amino acids and peptides, and increase the rate of at least one reaction selected from cellulose hydrolysis, protein hydrolysis, lignincellulose hydrolysis, electrochemical reduction of biomass conversion byproducts including carbon dioxide, electrochemical biodigestion, and electrochemical oxidation of biomass solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The absorption heat pump refrigerant removes moisture from the biomass solution. The method further involves applying microwave irradiation to the biomass solution to increase hydrolysis rate to at least 10% at, where biomass solution hydrolysis temperature is at least 5degreesF lower than the pretreatment process void of microwave irradiation; refrigeration process to remove moisture from at least one first working fluid component (A1) using recovered waste heat from at least one second working fluid component (A2) in fluid communication with both biomass to biofuel conversion process and biomass to biodiesel conversion processes; power generation cycle to produce electricity utilized for at least one function selected from microwave irradiation, electrochemical reduction, and electrolysis; electrochemical reduction process to convert carbon dioxide byproduct of the biomass to biofuel conversion process into an input for the biomass to biofuel conversion process; process step to remove sources of electron donors prior to hydrolysis including lignin, antioxidants, polyphenols, and aromatic compounds; waste heat recovery process utilized for at least one function selected from preheating the inputs of the rapid expansion pretreatment process, thermal hydraulic pump and thermal inputs of an absorption heat pump for increasing fluid pressure. The biomass solution is mixed by at least one process intensification mixer including hydrodynamic cavitation devices, spinning disk or spinning tube in tube. The rapid expansion step occurs in a series of independent pressure drop stages having at least a first pressure drop stage and a second pressure drop stage. The first pressure drop stage has a pressure below at least one working fluid's supercritical pressure. The biomass solution is infused with at least one working fluid additive selected from monomers, polymers solubilized in the at least one working fluid, microspheres, and nanoscale powders having particle size less than 100 nanometers. The second pressure drop stage occurs in a pressure exchanger, where the high pressure fluid is the biomass solution from the exit of the pretreatment process and where the low pressure fluid is the biomass solution prior to the pretreatment process. The process is carried out in a device having control system with non-linear algorithms capable of determining the maximum operating revenue in real-time by monitoring at least one parameter selected from cost and price of electricity, cooling cost and price per btu, heating cost and price per btu, carbon dioxide emission credits, cost and price of methanol per btu, cost and price of resulting biofuels per btu, conversion factor of electricity for electrochemical reactions, and operating parameters of a reverse fuel cell for electrochemical reduction of at least one component of the biomass solution; and further includes waste heat recovery device to recover thermal energy (utilized as at least a partial thermal energy source for an endothermic reaction) from the condenser of the power generating thermodynamic cycle in fluid communication with the biomass solution; and detector/controller to maintain the pressure across a microfiltration or nanofiltration membrane for isolating protein fractions including protein hydrolysates, amino acids, and peptides, where the pressure across the microfiltration or nanofiltration membrane is a pressure differential, which is less than the maximum microfiltration or nanofiltration membrane operating pressure. The thermal energy is used as at least a partial thermal energy source for an endothermic reaction and is further increased by the heat of absorption in the subsequent mixing of the expanded gas into at least one absorbent prior to recombining with the biomass solution. The power generating thermodynamic cycle includes a working fluid having at least a first working fluid (W1) and a second working fluid (W2). The power generating thermodynamic cycle is selected from binary Organic Rankines, Goswami, Kalina and Carnot cycles. Preferred Components: The biomass solution further comprises carbonate solvents for increasing the electrical conductivity and decreasing the working fluid viscosity; a pretreatment solution comprising at least one working fluid additive. The working fluid further comprises at least one gas selected from carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane. The carbon dioxide byproduct is absorbed by at least one working fluid component (A1) by polymerizing carbon dioxide, carbonate synthesis, or electrochemical reduction to methane. The component (A1) decreases the biomass moisture content of the biomass to biofuel conversion process. The heat of absorption is in fluid communication with the power generating thermodynamic cycle as a preheat stage. The component (A1) is a byproduct of the biodiesel conversion process including glycerine or glycerol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral ions are selected from calcium, ferrous, cupric, manganous, and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The working fluid additive is selected from electron transfer mediator including iron salts, derivatives of iron salts, potassium salts, lactic acid salts, derivatives of potassium salts, derivatives of lactic acid salts, phytic acid, gallic acid, potassium ferricyanide, polyoxometalates, violuric acid, polycationic protein, thialoto-bridged complexes, thiolated complexes, metalloproteins, protein complexes having an iron-sulfur cluster, trehalose complexes, iron-sulfur cluster, sodium-ammonia, sulfur-ammonia, a chitosan complex including chitosan lactate, chitosan alpha lipoic acid, and thiolated chitosan, nanoscale catalyst, electrocatalyst, photocatalyst, electron donor, electron acceptor, ultraviolet absorber, infrared absorber, quantum dot, nanoscale powder, enhancing electron transfer including iron salts, derivatives of iron salts, potassium salts, lactic acid salts, derivatives of potassium salts, derivatives of lactic acid salts, phytic acid and/or gallic acid (preferably nanoscale conductors and semi-conductors for increasing quantum mean free path, ionic liquids, liquid ionic phosphates polyammonium ionic liquid sulfonamides, quantum dots, copper, Fe2+ ions, iron-sulfur cluster and/or electrides). The microspheres further comprise immobilized enzymes and/or immobilized catalysts. The first working fluid (W1) and the second working fluid (W2) are each selected from carbon dioxide, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, butanol and water. The debittering additives comprise trehalose, electron transfer mediators, electron donors including lactic acid or mineral ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The working fluid additives are further processed into polymers, copolymers, or block copolymers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.