TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Cathode: The cathode further comprises a microporous layer between the conductive electrode substrate and the cathode catalyst layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The cathode catalyst includes a carbon carrier and the cathode catalyst has a peak intensity ratio of a carbon peak intensity with respect to a ruthenium peak intensity of 0.4 - 1.5 in an X-ray diffraction pattern measured using a CuKalpha ray. The cathode catalyst has an average particle size of 3 - 5 nm. The cathode catalyst is in the form of a layer on the conductive electrode substrate. Preferred Method: The drying of the ruthenium solution is performed by subjecting the ruthenium solution to a first drying; and subjecting the first-dried product to a second drying under vacuum. The drying of the mixture is performed by drying the mixture to a third drying, and subjecting the third-dried product to a fourth drying under vacuum. The first and third drying are performed at 70 - 90degreesC for 2 - 30 hours. Placing the first dried or third-dried product under vacuum for 4 - 9 hours performs the second and fourth drying. The first and second heat treatments are performed at 100 - 450degreesC. The heat treatment is performed under a reducing gas atmosphere (preferably H2 (hydrogen) gas atmosphere, and a mixed gas atmosphere of H2 and N2 (nitrogen)). The method further involves adding a carrier to the ruthenium solution. Preferred Components: The Ru-Se (ruthenium-selenium) alloy is amorphous. The amount of selenium present in the catalyst is 3 - 20 parts/wt.%, and the amount of ruthenium present in the catalyst is 10 - 90 wt.%. The water-soluble ruthenium precursor is selected from RuCl3 (ruthenium chloride) hydrate, ruthenium acetylacetonate, and/or ruthenium carbonyl. The Se water-soluble precursor is selenous acid. EXAMPLE - Ruthenium chloride (RuCl3) hydrate (1 g) was dissolved in acetone (2 ml) to prepare a solution. A carbon carrier (1 g) such as activated carbon was added to the solution. The mixture obtained was dried at 70degreesC under normal atmosphere for 24 hours, and drying under vacuum at 140degreesC for 4 hours. The dried sample was heat-treated under a mixed H2 and N2 gas atmosphere (1:1 vol.%) at 300degreesC for 4 hours to prepare Ru/C (Ru supported on a carbon carrier). Subsequently, H2SeO3 (selenous acid) (0.075 g) was dissolved in acetone (3 ml) to prepare a solution. The solution was added to the Ru/C. The resulting product was dried at 70degreesC under a normal atmosphere for 24 hours and then at 140degreesC under vacuum, for 4 hours. The dried sample was heat-treated under a mixed H2 and N2 gas atmosphere (1: 1 vol.%) at 300degreesC for 4 hours to prepare a cathode catalyst for a fuel cell.