US7608689-B2  Foreman et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 278(34): 31988-319997, Aug. 22, 2003].EP1941023-B1  Henrissat B., 1991, A classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino-acid sequence similarities, Biochem. J. 280: 309-316;  Henrissat B., and Bairoch A., 1996, Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases, Biochem. J. 316: 695-696;  Hsu, T.-A., 1996, Pretreatment of biomass, in Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization, Wyman, C. E., ed., Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC, 179-212;  Ghosh, P., and Singh, A., 1993, Physicochemical and biological treatments for enzymatic/microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 39: 295-333;  McMillan, J. D., 1994, Pretreating lignocellulosic biomass: a review, in Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass for Fuels Production, Himmel, M. E., Baker, J. O., and Overend, R. P., eds., ACS Symposium Series 566, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, chapter 15;  Gong, C. S., Cao, N. J., Du, J., and Tsao, G. T., 1999, Ethanol production from renewable resources, in Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, Scheper, T., ed., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 65: 207-241;  Olsson, L., and Hahn-Hagerdal, B., 1996, Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for ethanol production, Enz. Microb. Tech. 18: 312-331;  Vallander, L., and Eriksson, K.-E. L., 1990, Production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: State of the art, Adv. Biochem. Eng./Biotechnol. 42: 63-95;  Needleman and Wunsch, 1970, J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443-453;  Altschul et al., 1997, Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 3389-3402;  Wiselogel et al., 1995, in Handbook on Bioethanol (Charles E. Wyman, editor), pp.105-118, Taylor & Francis, Washington D.C;  Wyman, 1994, Bioresource Technology 50: 3-16;  Lynd, 1990, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 24/25: 695-719;  Mosier et al., 1999, Recent Progress in Bioconversion of Lignocellulosics, in Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, T. Scheper, managing editor, Volume 65, pp.23-40, Springer-Verlag, New York;  J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatus, 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2d edition, Cold Spring Harbor, New York;  Bolton and McCarthy (1962, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 48:1390;  H. Neurath and R.L. Hill, 1979, In, The Proteins, Academic Press, New York;  Cunningham and Wells, 1989, Science 244: 1081-1085;  Hilton et al., 1996, J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4699-4708;  de Vos et al., 1992, Science 255: 306-312;  Smith et al., 1992, J. Mol. Biol. 224: 899-904;  Wlodaver et al., 1992, FEBS Lett. 309: 59-64;  Reidhaar-Olson and Sauer, 1988, Science 241: 53-57;  Bowie and Sauer, 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 2152-2156;  Lowman et al., 1991, Biochem. 30: 10832-10837;  Derbyshire et al., 1986, Gene 46: 145;  Ner et al., 1988, DNA 7: 127;  Ness et al., 1999, Nature Biotechnology 17: 893-896;  Innis et al., 1990, PCR: A Guide to Methods and Application, Academic Press, New York;  Ford et al., 1991, Protein Expression and Purification 2: 95-107;  Smith et al., 1992, Journal of Molecular Biology 224: 899-904;  Wlodaver et al., 1992, FEBS Letters 309: 59-64;  Villa-Kamaroff et al., 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 75: 3727-3731;  DeBoer et al., 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 80: 21-25;  Useful proteins from recombinant bacteria" in Scientific American, 1980, 242: 74-94;  Romanos et al., 1992, Yeast 8: 423-488;  Guo and Sherman, 1995, Molecular Cellular Biology 15: 5983-5990;  Simonen and Palva, 1993, Microbiological Reviews 57: 109-137;  Gems et al., 1991, Gene 98: 61-67;  Cullen et al., 1987, Nucleic Acids Research 15: 9163-9175;  Chang and Cohen, 1979, Molecular General Genetics 168: 111-115;  Young and Spizizen, 1961, Journal of Bacteriology 81: 823-829;  Dubnau and Davidoff-Abelson, 1971, Journal of Molecular Biology 56: 209-221;  Shigekawa and Dower, 1988, Biotechniques 6: 742-751;  Koehler and Thorne, 1987, Journal of Bacteriology 169: 5271-5278;  Hanahan, 1983, J. Mol. Biol. 166: 557-580;  Dower et al., 1988, Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 6127-6145;  Gong et al., 2004, Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 49: 399-405;  Mazodier et al., 1989, J. Bacteriol. 171: 3583-3585;  Burke et al., 2001, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:6289-6294;  Choi et al., 2006, J. Microbiol. Methods 64: 391-397;  Pinedo and Smets, 2005, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 51-57;  Perry and Kuramitsu, 1981, Infect. Immun. 32: 1295-1297;  Catt and Jollick, 1991, Microbios. 68: 189-2070;  Buckley et al., 1999, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3800-3804;  Clewell, 1981, Microbiol. Rev. 45: 409-436;  Hawksworth et al., In, Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of The Fungi, 8th edition, 1995, CAB International, University Press, Cambridge, UK;  Biology and Activities of Yeast (Skinner, F.A., Passmore, S.M., and Davenport, R.R., eds, Soc. App. Bacteriol. Symposium Series No. 9, 1980;  Yelton et al., 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 81: 1470-1474;  Malardier et al., 1989, Gene 78: 147-156;  Abelson, J.N. and Simon, M.I., editors, Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology, Methods in Enzymology, Volume 194, pp 182-187, Academic Press, Inc., New York;  Ito et al., 1983, Journal of Bacteriology 153: 163;  Hinnen et al., 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 75: 1920;  Protein Purification, J.-C. Janson and Lars Ryden, editors, VCH Publishers, New York, 1989;  Bennett, J.W. and LaSure, L. (eds.), More Gene Manipulations in Fungi, Academic Press, CA, 1991;  Bailey, J.E., and Ollis, D.F., Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY, 1986;  Ghose, 1987, Pure and Appl. Chem. 59: 257-268;  Himmel et al., 1986, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 12948-12955;  Lever et al., 1972, Anal. Biochem. 47: 273-279;  van Tilbeurgh et al., 1982, FEBS Letters 149: 152-156;  van Tilbeurgh and Claeyssens, 1985, FEBS Letters 187: 283-288;  Venturi et al., 2002, J. Basic Microbiol. 42: 55-66;  Lynd, L. R., Wyman, C. E., and Gerngross, T. U., 1999, Biocommodity Engineering, Biotechnol. Prog., 15: 777-793;  Philippidis, G. P., 1996, Cellulose bioconversion technology, in Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization, Wyman, C. E., ed., Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC, 179-212;  Ryu, D. D. Y., and Mandels, M., 1980, Cellulases: biosynthesis and applications, Enz. Microb. Technol., 2: 91-102;  Gusakov, A. V., and Sinitsyn, A. P., 1985, Kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: 1. A mathematical model for a batch reactor process, Enz. Microb. Technol. 7: 346-352;  Ryu, S. K., and Lee, J. M., 1983, Bioconversion of waste cellulose by using an attrition bioreactor, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25: 53-65;  Gusakov, A. V., Sinitsyn, A. P., Davydkin, I. Y., Davydkin, V. Y., Protas, O. V., 1996, Enhancement of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis using a novel type of bioreactor with intensive stirring induced by electromagnetic field, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 56: 141-153;  Sheehan, J., and Himmel, M., 1999, Enzymes, energy and the environment: A strategic perspective on the U.S. Department of Energy's research and development activities for bioethanol, Biotechnol. Prog. 15: 817-827;  Lynd, L. R., Weimer, P. J., van Zyl, W. H., and Pretorius, I. S., 2002, Microbial cellulose utilization: Fundamentals and biotechnology, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Reviews 66: 506-577;  Silveira, M. M., and Jonas, R., 2002, The biotechnological production of sorbitol, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 59: 400-408;  Nigam, P., and Singh, D., 1995, Processes for fermentative production of xylitol - a sugar substitute, Process Biochemistry 30 (2): 117-124;  Ezeji, T. C., Qureshi, N. and Blaschek, H. P., 2003, Production of acetone, butanol and ethanol by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 and in situ recovery by gas stripping, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 19 (6): 595-603;  Chen, R., and Lee, Y. Y., 1997, Membrane-mediated extractive fermentation for lactic acid production from cellulosic biomass, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 63-65: 435-448;  Richard, A., and Margaritis, A., 2004, Empirical modeling of batch fermentation kinetics for poly(glutamic acid) production and other microbial biopolymers, Biotechnology and Bioengineering 87 (4): 501-515;  Kataoka, N., A. Miya, and K. Kiriyama, 1997, Studies on hydrogen production by continuous culture system of hydrogen-producing anaerobic bacteria, Water Science and Technology 36 (6-7): 41-47;  Gunaseelan V.N. in Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 13 (1-2), pp. 83-114, 1997;  Chen, Z., Ho, N. W. Y., 1993, Cloning and improving the expression of Pichia stipitis xylose reductase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 39-40: 135-147;  Ho, N. W. Y., Chen, Z, Brainard, A. P., 1998, Genetically engineered Saccharomyces yeast capable of effectively cofermenting glucose and xylose, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 1852-1859;  Beall, D. S., Ohta, K., Ingram, L. O., 1991, Parametric studies of ethanol production from xylose and other sugars by recombinant Escherichia coli, Biotech. Bioeng. 38: 296-303;  Ingram, L. O., Gomes, P. F., Lai, X., Moniruzzaman, M., Wood, B. E., Yomano, L. P., York, S. W., 1998, Metabolic engineering of bacteria for ethanol production, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 58: 204-214;  Zhang, M., Eddy, C., Deanda, K., Finkelstein, M., and Picataggio, S., 1995, Metabolic engineering of a pentose metabolism pathway in ethanologenic Zymomonas mobilis, Science 267: 240-243;  Deanda, K., Zhang, M., Eddy, C., and Picataggio, S., 1996, Development of an arabinose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis strain by metabolic pathway engineering, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 4465-4470;  The Alcohol Textbook" (Editors K. Jacques, T.P. Lyons and D.R. Kelsall, Nottingham University Press, United Kingdom 1999;  Alfenore et al., Improving ethanol production and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a vitamin feeding strategy during fed-batch process, Springer-Verlag (2002;  Wong, K.K.Y., Tan, L. U. L., and Saddler, J. N., 1988, Multiplicity of -1,4-xylanase in microorganisms: Functions and applications, Microbiol. Rev. 52: 305-317;  Tenkanen, M., and Poutanen, K., 1992, Significance of esterases in the degradation of xylans, in Xylans and Xylanases, Visser, J., Beldman, G., Kuster-van Someren, M. A., and Voragen, A. G. J., eds., Elsevier, New York, NY, 203-212;  Coughlan, M. P., and Hazlewood, G. P., 1993, Hemicellulose and hemicellulases, Portland, London, UK;  Brigham, J. S., Adney, W. S., and Himmel, M. E., 1996, Hemicellulases: Diversity and applications, in Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization, Wyman, C. E., ed., Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC, 119-141;  Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, Academic Press, San Diego, California;  Eur. J. Biochem. 223: 1-5, 1994;  Eur. J. Biochem. 232: 1-6, 1995;  Eur. J. Biochem. 237: 1-5, 1996;  Eur. J. Biochem. 250: 1-6, 1997;  Eur. J. Biochem. 264: 610-650, 1999;  Koaze et al., 1964, Agr. Biol. Chem. Japan 28: 216;  Yoshida, 1954, J. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 28: 66;  Hayashida et al., 1977, Agric. Biol. Chem. 42: 927-933;  Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes, Edited by A.J. Barrett, N.D. Rawlings and J.F. Woessner, Academic Press, San Diego, 1998, Chapter 270;  Berka et al., 1990, Gene 96: 313;  Berka et al., 1993, Gene 125: 195-198;  Gomi et al., 1993, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57: 1095-1100;  Brigham et al., 1995, in Handbook on Bioethanol (Charles E. Wyman, editor), pp.119-141, Taylor & Francis, Washington D.C;  Lee, 1997, Journal of Biotechnology 56: 1-24;  Dartois et al., 1993, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 1131: 253-360;  Montenecourt and Eveleigh, 1979, Adv. Chem. Ser. 181: 289-301;  Chirgwin et al., 1979, Biochemistry 18: 5294-5299;  Aviv & Leder, 1972, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 69: 1408-1412;  Gubler and Hoffman 1983, Gene 25: 263-270;  Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY;  Birren et al., 1998. Genome Analysis, Vol. 2. Detecting Genes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press;  Altschul et. al., 1990, J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410;  Henikoff, 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10915-10919;  Saloheimo et al., 1997, Eur. J. Biochem. 249: 584-591;  Giesecke et al., 1992, Journal of Virology Methods 38: 47-60;  Nielsen et al., 1997, Protein Engineering 10: 1-6;  Zdobnov and Apweiler, 2001, Bioinformatics 17: 847-8;  Bateman et. al., 2004, Nucleic Acids Research 32: 138-141;  Christensen et al., 1988, Bio/Technology 6: 1419-1422;  Lever, M., 1972, A new reaction for colorimetric determination of carbohydrates, Anal. Biochem. 47: 273-279