TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the heat treating occurs in the presence of inert gas, steam, oxygen, air and/or H2 at a pressure of between vacuum pressure of about 10 atm and the reactor is a moving bed reactor comprising the annular region disposed near a fuel feed location. The method (M1) further involves adding the promoter material to the mixture of metal oxide and support material; chemically treating the mixture of metal oxide and promoter to activate the ceramic composite powder. In the method (M1), the reacting step occurs via spray drying, direct mixing and/or co-impregnation, and the conversion of ceramic composite powders occurs via extrusion, granulation and/or peptization. Preferred Components: In the system, the metal oxide comprises Fe2O3 supported on a TiO2 support, and the metal oxide intermediate comprises Fe3O4. In the ceramic composite particles, the metal oxide comprises a metal selected from iron, copper, nickel, tin, cobalt and/or manganese and the support material comprises at least one component selected from SiC, oxides of aluminum, zirconium, titanium, yttrium, silicon, lanthanum, strontium and/or barium. Preferred Particles: The ceramic composite particles comprises metal oxide (at least 40 wt.%), the support material (at least 5 wt.%), a promoter material (up to 40 wt.%) comprising pure metal, metal oxide and/or metal sulfide, where the metal comprises at least one iron, nickel, tin, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, boron, phosphorus, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, gallium, molybdenum, rhodium, platinum, palladium, silver, and ruthenium. The ceramic composite particles are in the form of pellets, monoliths and/or blocks, and is operable to maintain activity after greater than or equal to10 regeneration cycles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system is coupled to a solid oxide fuel cell such that a product of the fuel is recycled to the second reactor. When the system is in fluid communication with a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, then the first reactor is formed to reduce the at least one metal oxide with fuel to the reduced metal or the reduced metal oxide, where the fuel is comprised at least partially of the hydrocarbon fuel of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor; a second reactor is formed to oxidize the reduced metal or its metal oxide with steam to produce metal oxide intermediates, where the oxidant is comprised at least partially of products of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, and the steam utilized in the second reactor comprises at least partially steam generated in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor or a gasifier. The byproducts of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor are recycled to the first reactor. The system further comprises a separation unit formed to remove ash, char, or unwanted materials, where the ash separator comprises a cyclone, a sieve and/or a particle classifier; a power generation section in fluid communication with the second reactor, where the power generation section is formed to produce electricity from a product of the second reactor; at least one heat exchanger formed to heat a feed comprising water and/or steam, in order to produce steam by utilizing heat from a product stream of the first reactor and/or a second reactor; a conveyor or pneumatic feeding device formed to deliver the solid fuel to the first reactor; a solid fuel gasifier, a candle filter, a mercury removal unit, a gas cleanup component, a pressure swing absorption unit and/or a water gas shift reactor; a refining section; a gaseous fuel feed source; a refining system to treat the hydrocarbon products generated in the system; a steam turbine formed to produce electricity from steam generated in the system; and a gaseous fuel mixing location, where a gaseous fuel feed and a hydrogen containing product from the second reactor are operable to mix to produce the gaseous fuel having a molar ratio of H2 to CO is 2 to 1, where the gaseous fuel is used in the feed mixture of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. Preferred Components: In the system, the first reactor is formed to produce carbon dioxide and/or steam, and the second reactor is formed to produce H2, CO, syngas and/or heat. The oxidant utilized in the oxidizing steps comprises steam, carbon dioxide (CO2), air and/or oxygen (preferably CO2 and steam oxidants are used to produce syngas). The H2/CO ratio of the syngas is controlled by recycling part of the second reactor product, or controlling the amount of CO2 and steam oxidants inputted into the second reactor. The first and second reactors are formed to operate at a pressure of 1-150 atm and at a temperature of 400-1200degreesC. The first reactor and the second reactor comprise at least one moving bed reactor, a series of fluidized bed reactors, a rotatory kiln and/or a fixed bed reactor (preferably moving bed reactor forms a countercurrent contacting pattern between gas and solids). The first reactor is a moving bed reactor comprising a mixing device inserted in the moving bed to radially distribute the ceramic composite particles and mix unconverted fuel with the ceramic composite particles; and the first reactor is a moving bed reactor forms an annular region created around the moving bed, where the annular region is location where a fuel is introduced. The first reactor comprises metal carbonates, metal oxides, or metal hydroxides formed to capture pollutants and/or heavy metals. The first reactor is operable to receive a recycled H2 stream at a bottom portion of the reactor; the fuel at a first reactor region below a feed region of the ceramic composite particles; or feeds including oxygen, CO2, air, steam and/or nitrogen, at a location adjacent the middle region in which the fuel is fed. The first and second reactors comprise packed beds in the form of portable cassettes, where the portable cassettes are formed to generate and store hydrogen in a vehicle. The second reactor is formed to produce hydrogen or syngas. The fuel fed to the first reactor comprises at least partially syngas produced by gasification of a hydrocarbon fuel.