NOVELTY - The lithium ion rocking chair battery having a capacity of greater than or equal to 5 Ah, comprises an anode (25), a cathode (22) and an electrolyte between the anode and the cathode. The anode has a reduction potential of 1 volt. The cathode has an oxidation potential of less than or equal to 3.7 volts. The surface of the active material of the anode and the surface of the active material of the cathode are free from a passivation layer. The electrolyte is a polymer, copolymer, terpolymer, a polar liquid soaked in a microporous separator, an ionic liquid or a liquid salt, and solvating or not.    USE - The lithium ion rocking chair battery is useful: for consumer electronic products such as cellular phones and laptop computers; and in industrial, telecommunication and energy storage applications including load leveling and peak shaving, satellite applications and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium ion rocking chair battery is optimized for large format battery and long cycle life, can be charged, discharged and stored at a temperature over 40 degrees C without irreversibly affecting its electrochemical performance, and has good heat resistance, maximum energy density and high power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lithium ion rocking chair battery having a capacity of greater than or equal to 5 Ah, comprises an anode (25), a cathode (22) and an electrolyte between the anode and the cathode. The anode has a reduction potential of 1 volt. The cathode has an oxidation potential of less than or equal to 3.7 volts. The surface of the active material of the anode and the surface of the active material of the cathode are free from a passivation layer. The electrolyte is a polymer, copolymer, terpolymer, a polar liquid soaked in a microporous separator, an ionic liquid or a liquid salt, solvating or not, and optionally plasticized or gelled by a polar liquid or by an aprotic solvent both containing a metallic salt such as lithium salt in solution. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an electrochemical cell for a lithium ion rocking chair battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a lithium ion battery or cell configuration.    Lithium ion cell (20)    Central positive current collector (21)    Cathode (22)    Electrolyte separators (23, 24)    Anode (25)    Negative current collector. (26)