TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: (I) is a rotary displacement purge adsorptive separator, comprising plural adsorbent beds comprising adsorbent material and are configured as parallel passage adsorbent beds, where the system further comprises a feed blower in the upstream or downstream of the bulk displacement separator. The feed blower provides feed gas to the system at a pressure higher than the ambient pressure but substantially lower than a corresponding pressure swing adsorption feed pressure. The system further comprises a purge gas source (132) to provide a purge gas, preferably air, oxygen depleted air, nitrogen, steam and/or fuel gas. The system is fluidly coupled to a coke oven to provide a coke oven feed gas, fluidly coupled to a blast furnace to provide a blast furnace feed gas or to a fuel purification system to provide exhaust gas as the feed gas. The system further comprises a steam reformer hydrogen generator and the product of the bulk separator upgrading hydrogen pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas returns back to an inlet of the steam reformer hydrogen generator. The adsorbent material have been layered or mixed and configured as parallel passage adsorbent bed. The adsorptive separator is downstream or upstream of (I), where the system comprises a natural gas engine downstream of the bulk displacement fluid separator and an additional purification system, which is in upstream of (I). The system comprises a separate pretreatment system to remove contaminant components of particulates, at least 4 carbon hydrocarbons, sulfur compounds, water and/or siloxanes. The source is a biomass digester producing a feed gas at substantially ambient pressure comprising a methane fuel component and a carbon dioxide diluent component, and potentially additional contaminant or other minor diluent components. The system further comprises a pre-treatment system to substantially remove any contaminant component interfering with the adsorptive upgrading of the digester gas stream. The bulk displacement purge separator is fluidly coupled to a downstream pressure swing adsorption separator. The bulk displacement purge separator further comprises a compressor upstream of the pressure swing adsorption separator, where the system further comprises a pressure swing adsorption separator upstream of the bulk displacement purge separator and a fluid conduit for coupling upgraded fluid from the bulk displacement purge separator to an fluid inlet for pressure swing adsorption device (V). The system further comprises: a compressor fluidly coupled to the bulk displacement purge separator to receive and compress an upgrade fluid stream for feed to (V), where tail gas from (V) serving as a feed source for the displacement purge separator; a pressure swing adsorption separator downstream of the bulk displacement purge separator and a fluid conduit for coupling upgraded fluid from the bulk displacement purge separator to an fluid inlet for (V); and a compressor fluidly coupled to the bulk displacement purge separator to receive and compress an upgraded fluid stream for feeding (V). The feed source is blast furnace gas, where the system further comprises a water gas shift module to produce blast furnace feed gas stream comprising a hydrogen fuel gas component and a diluent gas component supplied to the displacement purge bulk separator for adsorption of at least a portion of the diluent gas component on suitable adsorbent materials to produce upgraded fuel gas for downstream further purification by (V). The system further comprises: a compressor for supplying compressed upgraded fuel gas to (V); a coke oven gas purification device upstream of the displacement purge adsorptive bulk separator; a pretreatment module for pretreating coke oven gas feed to substantially remove contaminant components to produce a pre-treated coke oven gas; and a compressor to compress pre-treated coke oven gas for supply to a pressure swings adsorption purification device. The fuel cell is a molten carbonate fuel cell. The displacement purge adsorptive bulk separator is a rotary adsorption module. The bulk displacement purge adsorption system is upstream or downstream of the adsorptive separation device. The bulk displacement purge separator is a rotary module. The additional adsorptive fluid separator is (V). The pressure swing adsorption device is a rotary swing adsorption device. The bulk displacement purge separator has at least one adsorbent material layered or mixed and configured as parallel passage adsorbent beds. The additional adsorptive fluid separator is downstream of the bulk displacement purge separator and the method comprises supplying upgraded fuel product gas to the adsorptive fluid separator to purify the upgraded fuel product gas to produce a purified fuel gas product. The bulk separator is used to upgrade hydrogen pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas, which is supplied to an inlet of a steam reformer hydrogen generator. The bulk displacement purge adsorption system is a rotary displacement purge adsorptive separator, and the adsorptive separator is a (V). The displacement purge adsorptive separator comprises a multi-bed, rotary displacement purge adsorptive separator. The adsorbent beds, preferably comprise parallel passage contactor adsorbent beds comprising at least an activated alumina and/or silica gel adsorbent material suitable to adsorb at least a portion of a carbon dioxide diluent component. The adsorptive purification system is a pressure swing adsorption system operating to purify a fuel feed gas stream to produce purified fuel gas product by substantial adsorption of non-fuel components of the gas feed stream. The adsorptive bulk separator receives a portion of the pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas as tailgas feed stream to adsorb at least a portion of the diluent gas component to produce upgraded tail gas product. The remaining portion of pressure swing adsorption tailgas is discharged as pressure swing adsorption waste gas to prevent accumulation of any gas component in the pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas within a displacement purge bulk separation system loop recycling back to the pressure swing adsorption as feed. The displacement purge adsorptive bulk separator is configured for hydrogen upgrading and carbon dioxide adsorption, including suitable adsorbent material for adsorbing carbon dioxide diluent gas, and comprises a rotary adsorption apparatus with multiple, parallel passage adsorbent beds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pressure drop between the feed and the product is less than 1 (preferably 0.5) bar. The method further comprises supplying the feed gas stream to the system and providing at least one additional purification system fluidly coupled to the bulk displacement purge separator, the adsorptive fluid separator and/or engine. The method comprising purging the bulk displacement purge separator comprises air, oxygen depleted air, nitrogen, steam and/or fuel gas, as the purge gas. The substantial pure fuel gas purge stream is used to reduce non-fuel purge component concentrations in the product stream. The pressure drop between feed and the product is less than 1 (0.5) bar. The method is useful for providing an upgraded fuel gas, comprising: providing an adsorptive bulk separator for receiving a feed gas stream from a feed gas source, the adsorptive bulk separator comprising multiple adsorbent beds comprising adsorbent material suitable for adsorptive separation of at least a portion of a diluent component of the feed gas stream to provide an upgraded fuel gas relatively depleted in carbon dioxide relative to the feed gas, and relatively enriched in methane fuel gas component relative to the feed gas and substantially desorbing adsorbed diluents from the adsorbent material by displacement purge using a purge gas stream (114). The method further comprises pressure and/or temperature swing processes in addition to a displacement purge process to facilitate desorption of adsorbed diluent on the adsorbent. The method uses purge gas streams sequentially. The method comprises upgrading a methane fuel component of a landfill gas produced at substantially ambient atmospheric pressure. The method optionally comprises at least one separate pre-treatment system to remove a contaminant component or components to produce a methane-fuel-containing landfill gas as the feed stream to an upgrading system. The adsorbed non-fuel components are subsequently desorbed by purging with a portion of purified fuel gas product to form pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas comprising at least a fuel gas component and a diluent gas component. The diluent gas component from the tailgas feed stream is desorbed by displacement purge by a purge gas to form purge exhaust. The displacement purge adsorptive bulk separation system operates at substantially ambient pressure of the pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas to enhance fuel gas recovery performance. The feed gas stream passes through a conventional fluid gas pretreatment module to remove any contaminant gas present. The feed gas stream passes through a conventional water gas shift module to convert at least a portion of any carbon monoxide present in the stream into hydrogen fuel gas via the water gas shift reaction. The supplied feed gas stream originates in steel making furnace, a blast furnace flue gas or a basic oxygen furnace. The upgraded fuel gas product is supplied to the adsorptive purification system via a feed compressor to become compressed fuel feed gas. Preferred Components: The product is an upgraded fuel gas. The feed source comprises landfill gas, and the engine comprises a natural gas engine, powered by the upgraded fuel gas. The feed gas is digester gas provided by a digester. The fuel gas component comprises methane or hydrogen, and the diluent component comprises carbon dioxide, where the adsorbent material separates the fuel gas component from the diluent. The feed stream comprises at least a fuel gas component and a diluent component, the system producing an upgraded fuel product gas. The feed gas is landfill gas, biogas, digester gas, anaerobic digester gas, natural gas or coal bed methane gas. The feed gas is coke oven gas, blast furnace gas or fuel purification system exhaust gas. The adsorbent materials comprise molecular sieve materials, natural and synthetic zeolites, titania based materials, activated carbon, alumina and/or silica-based materials, and/or functional-impregnated adsorbent materials. The feed gas source is landfill gas and/or digester gas. The feed gas stream comprises at least one diluent gas component, at least a portion of multiple e.g. diluent gas components being adsorptively removed from the feed gas stream by the adsorptive bulk separator to deliver an enriched fuel gas component. The feed gas stream includes both water and carbon dioxide diluent components that are adsorptively separated from the fuel gas component to yield an enriched fuel gas product stream. The purge gas stream is substantially free of the diluent gas component to be purged from the adsorbent, and suitable to substantially desorb the adsorbed diluent gas component from the adsorbent. The purge gas is air, oxygen depleted air, predominantly nitrogen gas mixtures, steam and/or enriched fuel gas, or gas streams. The air or oxygen-depleted air is used as a purge gas to desorbs adsorbed carbon dioxide diluent from the adsorbent. The feed stream comprises a hydrogen fuel gas component and at least one diluent gas component from an anode exhaust gas from a high temperature fuel cell. The adsorbent is an activated carbon-based adsorbent material for adsorbing at least a portion of a carbon dioxide diluent component from the feed gas stream to produce an upgraded hydrogen fuel gas product depleted in carbon dioxide relative to the feed gas stream. The purge gas is air and/or nitrogen-rich purge gas. The upgraded tail gas product is recycled for combination with fuel feed gas stream prior to compression in a pressure swing adsorption feed compressor and supply to the pressure swing adsorption device as compressed pressure swing adsorption feed gas. The upgraded tail gas comprises a portion of the fuel gas component lost in the pressure swing adsorption process as part of pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas, thereby returning such portion of fuel gas to the pressure swing adsorption for additional separation to advantageously increase fuel gas component recovery from the fuel feed gas achieved by the pressure swing adsorption system. The feed stream comprises a fuel feed gas stream comprising hydrogen reformat from a fuel reformer, and the adsorptive purification system comprises a hydrogen purification pressure swing adsorption to produce purified hydrogen product gas and desorbed pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas. The pressure swing adsorption exhaust gas comprises at least a hydrogen fuel gas component and a carbon dioxide diluent gas component, and the displacement purge adsorptive bulk separation system adsorbs at least a portion of the carbon dioxide diluent gas component to produce an upgraded hydrogen tail gas product for return as a pressure swing adsorption feed stream.