US8067688-B2  Almonacid et al., 1987, "Analysis of a Photovoltaic Static Concentrator Prototype," Solar&Wind Technology 4: 145-149.;  Almonacid et al., 1984, "Photovoltaic Static Concentrator Analysis," Solar Cells 13: 163-178.;  Basu et al., 1991, "Field Studies of Performance&Relability of Heterogeneous Photo-Voltaic Modules of Optimum Array Design," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Conference Record of the Twenty Second IEEE Oct. 7-11, 1991: 689-694.;  Birkmire et al., 2005, "Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells on a Flexible Polymer Web," Prog. Photovolt 13: 141-148.;  Blaker et al., 2004, "Bright Future for Sliver Cell Technology," PEI Magazine; 26-30.;  Bube, 1998, "Photovoltaic Materials," Properties of Semiconductor Materials 1: 1-277.;  Calleja et al., 1983, "Bifacial Cell of p+in+ Behavior," IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference 2.;  Chaisitak et al., 2000, "Improvement in Performances of ZnO:B/i-ZnO/Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells by Surface Treatments for Cu(InGa)Se2," The Japan Society of Applied Physics 39: 1660-1664.;  Chieng et al., 1993, "Computer Simulation of Enhanced Output from Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules," Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Application 1: 293-299.;  Chevalier et al., 1979, "Advances in Theory, Fabrication and Applications of Bifacial Solar Cells," 2nd E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 817-823.;  Collares-Pereira et al., 1989, "Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Cells_Inexpensive, High-Yield Optical Designs," ASME 111: 112-116.;  Collares-Pereira et al., 1986, "A Novel Combination of Low Concentration CPC Collectors with Bifacial Photovoltaic Cells," Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 1226-1228.;  Cuevas et al., 1982, "50 Per Cent More Output Power from an Albedo-collecting Flat Panel Using Bifacial Solar Cells," Solar Energy 29: 419-420.;  Delahoy et al., 2004, "New technologies for CIGS photovoltaics," Solar Energy 77: 785-793.;  Dhere et al., 2004, "Large area CIGS2 thin film solar cells on foils: nucleus of a pilot plant," Solar Energy 77: 697-703.;  Edmonds, 1990, "The Performance of Bifacial Solar Cells in Static Solar Concentrators," Solar Energy Materials 21:173-190.;  Fernandez et al., 2005, "Photoelectrochemical characterization of the Cu(in,Ga)S2 thin film prepared by evaporation," Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells 85: 251-259.;  Feteha et al., 2001, "Optimum design for bifacial silicon solar cells," Renewable Energy 22: 269-274.;  Harding et al., 1979, "Production and Properties of Selective Surfaces Coated Onto Glass Tubes by a Magnetron Sputtering System," Sun II Proceedings of the International Solar Energy Society 3: 1912-1916.;  Harding, 1977, "Improvements in a dc reactive sputtering system for coating tubes," J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 14: 1313-1315.;  Herz et al., 2005, "CIGS Solar Modules Contacted by Conducting Adhesives and Ultrasonic Welding," 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Barcelona, Spain: 1910-1913.;  Hoshi et al., 1983, "Thin Film Coating Techniques on Wires and Inner Walls of Small Tubes via Cylindrical Magnetron Sputtering," Electrical Engineering in Japan 103: 16-22.;  Inazu et al., 2005, "Cu(In,A1)S2 Thin Film Solar Cell," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44: 1204-1207.;  Jaeger et al., 1993, "Performance of Bifacial Mis-inversion Layer Solar cells Encapsulated in Novel Albedo Collecting Modules," Proc 7th European Phtov. Solar Energy Conf ., Sevilla, p. 806 (1986): 1235-1239.;  Jebaraj et al., 2004, "A review of energy models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10: 281-311.;  Jensen et al., 2003, "Back Contact Cracking During Fabrication of CIGS Solar Cells on Polyimide Substrates," NREL/CD, 877-881.;  Joge et al., 2002, "Applications and Field Tests of Bifacial Solar Modules," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Conference Record of the Twenty Ninth IEEE May 19-24, 2002: 1549-1552.;  Joliet et al., 1985, "Laser-induced Synthesis of Thin CuInSe2 Films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 46: 266-267.;  Kerr et al., 2004, "Reliability Testing of Sliver Modules and Effects of Partial Shading on Power Output," Sliver Reliable Testing, Electron Device Letters 25, 37.;  Khosrofian et al., 1983, "Measurement of a Gaussian Laser Beam Diameter Through the Direct Inversion of Knife-edge Data," Applied Optics 22: 3406-3410.;  Krenzinger et al., 1986, "Estimation of Radiation Incident on Bifacial Albedo-Collecting Panels," Int. J. Solar Energy 4: 297-319.;  Krenzinger et al., 1985, "Albedo Collection for Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels, (A Study of Many Practical Configurations)," 6th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 397-401.;  Lifante et al., 1982, "Luminescent Solar Concentrators as Bifacial Captors," Solar Cells 8: 355-360.;  Lincoln et al., 1980, "Adapting conventional sputtering equipment for coating long tubes and strips," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 17: 1252-1253.;  Pantoja-Lopez et al., 1986, "100 kWp Experimental Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant," SunWorld 10: 17-20.;  Lorenzo et al., 1984, "Experimental Comparison Between Several Photovoltaic Panels, Regarding the Solar Energy Collection," 17th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference: 1066-1069.;  Lugue, 1984, "Static Concentrators: A Venture to Meet the Low Cost Target in Photovoltaics," Solar Cells 12: 141-145.;  Lugue, 1984-1985, "Diffusing Reflectors for Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels," Solar Cells 13: 277-292.;  Lugue et al., 1980, "New Concepts for Static Concentration of Direct and Diffuse Radiation," 3rd E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 396-400.;  Lugue et al., 1983, "Albedo Collection in Bifacial Panels," Solar Energy and the Arab World First Arab International Solar Energy Conference, Kuwait, Dec. 2-8, 1983: 226-230.;  Lugue et al., 2003, "Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering," Wiley, 1-662.;  Malbranche et al., Winter 2000-2001, "The Three Ways to Exploit Solar Energy," CLEFS CEA No. 44: 25-37.;  Miyazaki et al., 2004, "Efficiency Improvement of Cu(inGa)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells with a High Ga Composition Using Rapid Thermal Annealing," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43: 4244-4247.;  Mauk et al., 2003, "Deposition, Recrystallization, and Epitaxy of Silicon, Germanium, and GaAs on Fibers and Methal Wires for Optoelectronic Device Applications," Materials Research Society 736: 127-132.;  MiNano et al., 1983, "Limit of concentration under extended nonhomogeneous light sources," Applied Optics 22: 2751-2760.;  MiNano et al., 1986, "Small Concentrators for Photovoltaic Static Concentration Applications," 7th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 890-894.;  MiNano 1984, "Design of Static Concentrators wit hthe Receiver Immersed in a Dielectric Tube," 1st E.C. Conference on Solar Heating: 599-603.;  Abdel-Motaleb et al., 1983, "Theory of Rod and Half Rod Concentrator Solar Cells," 5th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 250-256.;  Moehlecke et al., 1991, "Modules Assembled with Diffuse Reflectors for Photovoltaic Bifacial Cells," 10th European Photovolatic Solar Energy Conference 967-970.;  Nakada et al., 2004, "Novel device structure for Cu(in,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells using transparent conducting oxide back and front contacts," Solar Energy 77: 739-747.;  Oria et al., 1988, "A Good Combination: Tracking of the Sun in Polar Axis and Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules," Solar&Wind Technology 5: 629-636.;  Ortabasi et al., 1988, "An Evaluation of Some Generic Low Concentration of PV Modules Utilizing a Novel Bifacial Solar Cell," 8th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 310-314.;  Ortabasi et al., 1988, "Low Concentration Photovoltaic Module Design Using Bifacial Solar Cells," 20th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference: 1324-1326.;  Ortabasi, 1997, "Performance of a 2x Cusp Concentrator PV Module Using Bifacial Solar Cells," IEEE, 26th PVSC, Sep. 30-Oct. 3, 1997; Anaheim, California: 1177-1181.;  Otoma et al., 1991, "Growth of CuGaS2 by Alternating-source-feeding MOVPE," Journal of Crystal Growth 115: 807-810.;  Pandy et al., 1996, "Handbook of Semiconductor Electrodeposition," Applied Physics: 1-285.;  Parada et al., 1991, "Construction and Measurement of a Prototype of P.V. Module With Static Concentration," 10th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 975-978.;  Pearce, 1970, "A Thick Film Vacuum Deposition System for Microwave Tube Component Coating," Papers presented at the United Engineering Center_NYC, Sep. 23-24, 1970, IEEE Conference Record of 1970 Conference on Electron Device Techniques: 208-211.;  Photon International 2004_The Photovoltaic Magazine, "Saving with slivers": 29-31.;  Proskurkin et al., 1993, "New Types of Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Coatings and Methods of Depositing Them on Rolled Products and Pipes," International Standard Serial No. 23: 36-39.;  Rojahn et al., 2001, "Photovoltaics on Wire," Materials Research Society 664: A2.1.1-A2.1.6.;  Romeo, 2002, "Growth and Characterization of High Efficiency CdTe/CDS Solar Cells," Dissertation submitted to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich: 1-103.;  Roussillon et al., 2004, "Back contact and reach-through diode effects in thin-film photovoltaics," Journal of Applied Physics 96: 7283-7288.;  Sala, et al., 1984, "Performance of an Albedo Collecting Bifacial Flat Module," 17th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference: 507-512.;  Sala et al., 1983, "Measured Values of the Effective Efficiency of Albedo Collecting Flat Bifacial Panels," IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference 2: D10.09.;  Sala et al., 1983, "Albedo Collecting Photovoltaic Module," IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference 2: D10.08.;  Sala et al., 1983, "Albedo Collecting Photovoltaic Panels," 5th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: 565-569.;  Sang et al., 2001, "Performance Improvement of CIGS-based Modules by Depositing High-quality Ga-doped ZnO Windows with Magnetron Sputtering," Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells 67: 237-245.;  Scheidt et al., 2004, "Optical second harmonic imaging of zinc oxide thin films grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD)," Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) 1: 2243-2249.;  Simpson et al., 2004, "Manufacturing Process Advancements for Flexible CIGS PV on Stainless Foil," Department of Energy Solar Program Review Meeting Oct. 25-28.;  Stanbery, 2002, "Copper Indium Selenides and Related materials for Photovoltaic Devices," Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 27(2): 73-117.;  Stock et al., "Sliver Cell Prior Art Review," Mar. 5, 2006 dialog search: 1-3.;  Stolt et al., 1994, "CIS Solar Cells with ZnO Windows Deposited by ALE," Photovoltaic Energ yConversion, 1994., Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference_1984: 250-253.;  "Tangram Technology Ltd._Polymer Data File_PMMA" website, http:www.tangram.co.uk/TI-Polymer-PMMA.html from Jan. 12, 2002. Available from www.archivc.org. 7 pages.;  Trupke, T. et al., "Improving solar cell efficiencies by down-conversion of high-energy photons" J. Appl. Phys. 92, 1668-1674, Aug. 2002.;  Tsidulko, 1989, "Matrix Solar Cell with Built-In Radiation Concentrator," Geliotekhnika 25:1: 27-30.;  Uematsu et al., 2001, "Design and Characterization of Flat-Plate Static-Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules," Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells 67:441-448.;  Uematsu et al., 2001, "Fabrication and Characterization of a Flat-Plate Static-Concentrator Photovoltaic Module," Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells 67:425-434.;  Verlinden et al., 2005, "Update on Sliver Solar Cell Technology and Modules," 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Orlando: 1007-1010.;  Weber et al., 2005, "Sliver(R) Solar Cells," 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Orlando: 991-994.;  Weber et al., 2004, "The Effect of Bifacial Sliver(R) Module Orientation of Energy Production," IEEE Electron Device Letters 25 37.;  Weber et al., 2003, "Modelling of Sliver(R) Modules Incorporating a Lambertian Rear Reflector," 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion; http://hdl.handle.net/1885/42615.;  Yoon et al., 2004, "Characterization of a Molybdenum Electrode Deposited by Sputtering and Its Effect on Cu(in,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells," Journal of the Korean Physical Society 45: 1114-1118.;  Young et al., 2002, "A New Thin-Film CuGase2/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Bifacial, Tandem Solar Cell With Both Junctions Formed Simultaneously," 29th IEEE PV Specialists Conference_New Orleans, Louisiana May 20-24, 2002: 608-611.;  Sala et al., 1983, "Albedo Collecting Photovoltaic Bifacial Panels," 5th E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Athens, Greece: 565-567.;  International Search Report for PCT/US2007/000321, dated Dec. 27, 2007.;  Written Opinion for PCT/US2007/000321, dated Dec. 27, 2007.