TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The dye-sensitized electrode comprises a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a titanium dioxide layer disposed on the conductive surface, and metal complex composition disposed on the titanium dioxide layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The metal atom is a metal cation of iron, osmium, technetium, rhodium, or preferably ruthenium cations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The first organic ligand is one or more 9 organic ligands, e.g. structure (I). The acidic group is carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, sulfinic acid, boronic acid, and/or their salts. The second organic ligand has structure (XVII). The metal complex is one or more 10 compounds, e.g. structure (XXI).a = 0-5;b = 0-3;R1, R2 = 1-30C aliphatic radical, 3-30C aromatic radical, 3-30C cycloaliphatic radical, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, hydroxyl, 1-30C alkoxy, or triarylamine;d = 0-3; andR3 = halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, hydroxyl, 1-30C aliphatic radical, 3-30C aromatic radical, or 3-30C cycloaliphatic radical.In formula (XXI),d = 0-4 EXAMPLE - Under an argon atmosphere of bisphosphonium salt (4.5 g) and of 4-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde (3.17 g) were dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) (50 ml) and heated to 50degreesC. A suspension of sodium t-butyl-containing compound (NaOtBu) (2.23 g) in THF was slowly added to the stirred reaction mixture by stirring at 50degreesC for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was neutralized with acetic acid (10%) and extracted with chlorine-containing compound (CH2Cl2). The combined organic fractions were washed with water (2 times) and with an aqueous solution of sodium oxyacetate (NaOAc). After drying over sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and evaporation of the solvent, the residue was purified via column chromatography (cyclohexane:ethoxyacetate (EtOAc)=5:1) yielding 4,4'-bis(4-(diphenylamino)styryl)-2,2'-bipyridine as a yellow powder (50% yield).