TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: providing a first layer comprising at least one sheet of a fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte material in the green state; positioning a second layer comprising at least one sheet of a dense ceramic electrolyte material in the green state above the fugitive-containing layer; positioning a second layer comprising at least one sheet of a fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte material in the green state above the dense ceramic electrolyte layer, the second outer layer having substantially the same thickness as the first outer layer; and laminating and then sintering the tri-layer assembly to form a composite structure, the fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte layers becoming porous after sintering.Preferred Process: The preparation of (I) further comprises: selecting the dense ceramic electrolyte material from a stabilized zirconia composition; and selecting the fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte material from a stabilized zirconia composition and a stabilized ceria composition. The method of making an electrochemical cell and electrochemical cell stack further comprises: selecting an anode; and selecting a cathode.Preferred Components: The first outer layer comprising at least one sheet of a fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte material in the green state. The inner layer comprising at least one sheet of a dense ceramic electrolyte material in the green state. The second outer layer comprising at least one sheet of the fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte material, where the second outer layer having substantially the same thickness as the first outer layer. The dense ceramic electrolyte layer has substantially the same thickness as each layer of the porous ceramic electrolyte material formed after sintering. The dense ceramic electrolyte material and the fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte material is stabilized zirconia composition, preferably dense ceramic electrolyte material is a fully/partially stabilized scandia-doped zirconia composition and the fugitive containing ceramic electrolyte material is a stabilized ceria composition. The porous ceramic electrolyte layers formed after sintering have a pore volume greater than 50% (preferably greater than 20% and less than 50%) of the total geometric volume. The porous ceramic electrolyte layers formed after sintering of the fugitive-containing ceramic electrolyte material have an average pore size of 100 nanometers-200 microns. The anode material is a solution comprises: a composition of nickel oxide, nickel oxide/yttria stabilized-zirconia, nickel salt, copper salt, silver salt, platinum salt, gold salt, doped alkaline earth titanate, lanthanum chromite and/or precursors; and a particulate slurry comprising a composition of nickel, copper, cobalt, silver, platinum, gold, nickel alloy, copper alloy, silver alloy, platinum alloy, gold alloy, doped alkaline earth titanate, lanthanum chromite and/or precursors. The cathode material is lanthanum manganite, doped lanthanum manganite, lanthanide ferrite, lanthanide cobaltite and/or precursors. The electrochemical cell stack comprises: either n electrochemical cells; and n+1 dense electronically conductive plates, where n-1 plates is secured between the anode surface of one of the n electrochemical cells and the cathode surface of another one of the n electrochemical cells and each of the remaining 2 plates is secured to an outer surface of one of the outermost of the n electrochemical cells; or n tri-layer assemblies; and n+1 dense electronically conductive ceramic plates, where each of n-1 plates is secured between the first layer of one of the n tri-layer assemblies and the second layer of one of the n tri-layer assemblies and each of the remaining 2 plates is secured to an outer surface of one of the outermost of the n tri-layer assemblies. The dense electronically conductive ceramic plates is lanthanum chromite.