TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spacing between crystal planes is greater than 0.30 (preferably greater than 0.32) nm. The catalyst atoms are manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, zinc, tungsten and/or molybdenum. The catalyst atoms comprises iron in Fe3O4 (magnetite) crystal lattice. The catalyst atoms are in the form of nanocatalyst particles having a size less than 1 micron (preferably less than 300 nm). The nanocatalyst particles are dispersed in a solvent to form nanocatalyst suspension. The nanoparticle suspension has nanoparticle concentration of greater than 1 wt.% of the suspension. The solvent comprises water. The fuel substrate comprises at least one of tobacco, coal, briquetted charcoal, wood, biomass, fuel oil, diesel, jet fuel, gasoline or liquid hydrocarbons. Preferred Composition: The fuel composition comprises the nanocatalyst particles in an amount of less than 2.5 wt.% of the fuel composition. Preferred Method: The catalyst atoms are activated by heating the nanocatalyst particles to a temperature greater than 150 (preferably greater than 250) degrees C. The Fe2O3 crystal lattice forms during the activation step in which the nanocatalyst particles are heated to a temperature of greater than 75 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is ethanol, propanol, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycolic acid, glucose, citric acid, glycine, ethanolamine, mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptoacetate, sulfo-benzyl alcohol, sulfo-benzoic acid, sulfo-benzyl thiol or sulfo-benzyl amine. EXAMPLE - An iron catalyst was prepared from an iron powder and activated at 300 degrees C. Iron powder (2.24 g) and citric acid (7.68 g) were mixed with water (400 ml) and was shaken until all the iron powder had dissolved. The procedure was repeated twice or thrice to obtain 3 aliquots of iron solution. The three aliquots were mixed together and then dried under 200 mbar at 80 degrees C. The sample was vacuum dried for 3 hours at -28 inches of Hg and 80 degrees C. The catalyst thus formed was further activated in air using the following heating procedure: heating from ambient temperature to 120 degrees C at 3 degrees C per minute; holding at 120 degrees C for 2 hours; raising temperature from 120 to 300 degrees C at 3 degrees C per minute; and holding at 300 degrees C for 30 minutes. The catalyst composition was tested for carbon monoxide oxidation activity. Catalyst screening test was conducted in a tubular flow system. A catalyst sample (0.10 g) was dusted on quartz wool, which was placed into quartz flow tube and sandwiched with additional glass wool. The flow tube was placed in temperature-controlled tube furnace. The sample temperature was monitored by a K-type thermocouple. Reactant gases were introduced as a pre-mixed gas feed containing carbon monoxide, oxygen and helium as the carrier gas. Gas flow was controlled at 1 l/minute. The sample of effluent gas was collected in 125 ml cylinder every 2 minutes, and analyzed using a gas chromatograph. Catalytic activity was determined by measuring the temperature at which 40% conversion was achieved. The catalyst was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy to determine particle size and crystal lattice spacing. The Crystallite size was 3-7 nm; lattice plane spacing was 0.307 nm; there was some organic phase remaining; and temperature required for 40% conversion was 265 degrees C.