NOVELTY - Treating organic waste and/or waste water by anaerobic microorganisms, by detecting microorganisms degrading substrate and intermediary metabolic substance (IM) contained in water, determining substrate and IM native to the microorganisms, obtaining quantitative data of each substrate from quantitative data of substrate and IM native to the microorganisms, determining half saturation constant with respect to uptake velocity of each substrate and IM per microbial cell, and applying the analyzed stoichiometry target and/or reaction kinetics to treatment process.    USE - For treating organic waste and/or waste water by anaerobic microorganisms (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The practicability in the field of methane fermentation treatment is extremely high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Treating organic waste and/or waste water by anaerobic microorganism, involves detecting specific microorganisms contributing to decomposition reaction of each substrate and intermediary metabolic substance (IM) contained in organic waste and/or waste water, determining substrate and IM native to the microorganisms, obtaining quantitative data of each substrate from quantitative data of substrate and IM native to the microorganisms, determining the half saturation constant with respect to uptake velocity of each substrate and IM per microbial cell, and applying the analyzed stoichiometry target and/or reaction kinetics to the biological reaction in anaerobic treatment process. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) apparatus for anaerobically treating the organic waste and/or waste water;    (2) control method of anaerobic treatment process of organic waste and/or waste water, by applying the analyzed stoichiometry target and/or reaction kinetics to the biological reaction in anaerobic treatment process;    (3) diagnostic method of anaerobic treatment process of organic waste and/or waste water, by applying the analyzed stoichiometry target and/or reaction kinetics to the biological reaction in anaerobic treatment process; and    (4) design method of anaerobic treatment process of organic waste and/or waste water, by applying the analyzed stoichiometry target and/or reaction kinetics to the biological reaction in anaerobic treatment process.