TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: A porphyrin polymer is complexed to a metal ion chosen from sodium, lithium, potassium, zinc, cadmium, copper, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, mercury, palladium, platinum, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, chromium, aluminum, gallium, indium, vanadium, tin, and lead. Preferred Electrode: The working electrode is indium-tin oxide, fluorinated tin oxide, glassy carbon, platinum, gold, or silver. The counter electrode is a noble metal or graphite. The reference electrode is a standard hydrogen electrode, saturated calomel electrode, copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode, or silver chloride electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A pyrrole compound of formula (8) is contacted with a halogenating agent to form halo-pyrrole compound of formula (9). The obtained compound is contacted with phenyl compound of formula (10) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base, and contacted with a metal salt such as acetate or halide salt to obtain porphyrin compound.X=halogen;B'=H or alkyl group optionally substituted by oxygen atom form heterocyclyl group;Rn=H, -C(O)R10, or -S(O)2R10;andR10=alkyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl group.Preferred Compound: The porphyrin compound is preferably of formulae (2-4).R6=H, alkyl, -C(O)R4, -C(O)OR4, -C(O)N(R4)2, -S(O)2R4, -S(O)2N(R4)2, or -S(O)2OR4;R7=H, halogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, -OR4, -SR4, -N(R4)2, -C(O)R4, -C(O)OR4, -C(O)N(R4)2, -OC(O)R4, -OC(O)OR.4, -OC(O)N(R4)2, -N(R4)C(O)R4, -N(R4)C(O)OR4, -N(R4)C(O)N(R4)2, -S(O)2R4, -S(O)2N(R4)2, -S(O)2OR4, or -Rf;andp=0-5, preferably 0-3.Preferred Electrolyte: The electrolyte is a tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, halide, or perchlorate salt. Preferred Solvent: The solvent is an alkyl nitrile, aryl nitrile, chlorinated hydrocarbon, alkyl ether, or their mixture such as acetonitrile, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, 1,3-dioxolane, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzonitrile, butryonitrile, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: A polymer of formulae (5-7) contains porphyrin compound as the back bone of the polymer. The polymer is obtained by preparing a solution comprising a solvent, an electrolyte and porphyrin compound, providing an electrical potential such as constant oxidizing potential of -1 to 2 V to the solution through one or more electrodes such as a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and contacting the polymer with a metal salt.D=NH;Q=single bond or -R2, monomer is bonded to other monomer through Q-D bond;andm=more than 2.Preferred Component: A photovoltaic device comprises a conductive substrate (102) and a polymer. Preferred Definitions:    R5=fused fullerenyl group;    R'=halogen or alkyl group;and    Rf=heterocyclyl group optionally substituted by -R5 group.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 7 Specific porphyrin compounds are disclosed. E.g. 10-(4-Acetamidophenyl)-5,15-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin of formula (VII), 10-(4-aminophenyl)-5,15-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin, 10-(4-ter-butylphenylcarbamate)-5,15-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin, 5-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-15-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin, and 5-(4-formylphenyl)-15-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin.    EXAMPLE - 10-bromo-5,15-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin (157 mg), tribasic potassium phosphate (1.06 g), 4-acetamidophenyl boronic acid (314 mg) and tetrahydrofuran (70 mL) were stirred for 10 minutes under argon atmosphere, and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (39 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed under argon atmosphere for 48 hours, and the solvent was evaporated at reduced pressure. The residue was redissolved in dichloromethane and washed with water, the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated at reduced pressure to form 10-(4-acetamidophenyl)-5,15-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin in yield of 73%.