TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous electrolyte solution is a solution obtained by dissolving potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, sulfuric acid or nafion in a concentration of 1-8 M in distilled water. The hydrophilic microparticles are a porous inorganic material (preferably silica, talc, alumina, titania, clay or zeolite). The hydrophilic microparticles are contained in an amount of 0.1-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic microparticles are organic material (preferably polyethyleneimine, ethyleneglycol or polyethyleneglycol).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-soluble polymer is a polymer or a blend of at least two polymers selected from polyethyleneoxide, polypropyleneoxide, starch, polyacrylate, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, carboxymethylcellulose, agar or nafion. Preferred Battery: The separation film is formed of a polymer or a blend of at least two polymers selected from polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidenechloride, polyvinylidenefluoride, a copolymer of vinylidenefluoride and hexafluoropropylene, a copolymer of vinylidenefluoride and trifluoroethylene, a copolymer of vinylidenefluoride and tetrafluoroethylene, nylon, polyacrylonitrile, ethylvinylalcohol, polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT), polysulfone, polyimide, polyurethane, polybutadiene, polymethylacrylate, polyethylacrylate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylmethacrylate, polybutylacrylate or polybutylmethacrylate. The separation film is formed of a woven glass fiber or a carbon fiber. The through-holes formed in the separation film have an opening width of 10 mu m to 2 mm. The separation film has a thickness of 5-500 mu m. Each of the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer have a thickness of 10-300 mu m. The electrolyte layer is formed of a mixture of a water-soluble polymer, an aqueous electrolyte solution, and hydrophilic microparticles. EXAMPLE - An aqueous electrolyte composition was prepared by adding polyethyleneimine (5 wt.%) (hydrophilic microparticles) to a potassium hydroxide solution (6 M), followed by addition of a polymer blend of polyacrylic acid and carboxymethylcellulose (10 wt.%).