WO2008109877-A1  No relevant documents disclosedEP2061860-A1  O. SENOL, T. VILJAVA, A. KRAUSE: "hydrodeoxygenation of methyl esters on sulphided NiMo-Al2O3 and CoMo-Al2O3catalysts", CATALYSIS TODAY, vol. 100, 18 January 2005 (2005-01-18), pages 331-335,;  See also references of WO 2008109877A1US7977517-B2  Gayubo et al., "Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolsis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. II. Aldehydes, Ketones, and Acids," Ind. Eng. Chem Res. 2004, 43:2619-2626.;  Agar Prof. David, "Abstract 2254_Influence of the Liquid Phase Physical Properties on Unsteady-State Hydrodynamics in Periodically Operated Tricke-Bed Reactors," European Congress of Chemical Engineering_6, Copenhagen Sep. 2007.;  Chaminand et al., 2004 Green Chemistry, 6(8) pp. 359-361 (abstract only).;  Chiu et al., "Removal of Residual Catalyst from Simulated Biodiesel's Crude Glycerol for Glycerol Hydrogenolysis to Propylene Glycol" 2006 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res 45:791-795.;  Crabtree, S.P., et. al., "Novel Catalysis for Glycol Manufacture" 2001.;  Davda et al., "A review of catalytic issues and process conditions for renewable hydrogen and alkanes by aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over supported metal catalysts" 2005 Appl. Catal. B:Environmental 56:171-186.;  Davda et al., "Catalytic Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons for Hydrogen with Low Levels of Carbon Monoxide" 2003 Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed., 42:4068-4071.;  Davda et al., "Renewable hydrogen by aqueous-phase reforming of glucose" 2004 Chem. Commun., 36-37.;  Elliot et al., "Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 7. Process Development for Catalytic Gasification of Wet Biomass Feedstocks" 2004 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43:1999-2004.;  Huber et al., "Production of Liquid Alkanes by Aqueous-Phase Processing of Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates" 2005 Science 308:1446-1450.;  Huber et al., "Renewable Alkanes by Aqueoud-Phase Reforming of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates" 2004 Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed., 43:1549-1551.;  Miyazawa et al., "Glycerol conversion in the aqueous solution under hydrogen over RuIC + an ion-exchange resin and its reaction mechanism" 2006 J. of Catalysis 240:213-221.;  Shabaker et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of ethylene glycol over supported platinum catalysts" Catal. Lett., May 2003, vol. 88, Nos. 1-2.;  Shabaker et al., "Sn-modified catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming: Characterization and deactivation studies" 2005 J.Catal., 231:67-76.;  Shabaker JW et al., "Kinetics of Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons: PUAI203 and Sn-Modified Ni Catalysts" 2004 Ind. Eng, Chem. Res., 43:3105-3112.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Dec. 26, 2008.;  Applicant, Response to Restriction Requirement, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Jan. 26, 2009.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Apr. 8, 2009.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Aug. 10, 2009.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Issue Notification, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Aug. 3, 2010.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/158,635, Jan. 4, 2011.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Aug. 12, 2010.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Interview Summary, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Oct. 28, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Nov. 12, 2010.;  Applicant, Supplemental Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Jan. 4, 2011.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,876, Aug. 16, 2010.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Interview Summary, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,876, Oct. 28, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,876, Nov. 12, 2010.;  Applicant, Supplemental Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,876, Jan. 5, 2011.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/834,306, Sep. 17, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/834,306, Dec. 15, 2010.;  PCT International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US2007/011062, Sep. 16, 2008.;  PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Application No. PCT/US2007/011062, Nov. 11, 2008.;  European Patent Office, Examination Report, Application No. 07870663.7, Oct. 22, 2010.;  Ukraine Patent Office, Office Action, Application No. a 2008 12327, 2010.;  Republic of South Africa, Letters Patent, Patent No. 2008/09194, Dec. 30, 2009.;  Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand, Examination Report, Application No. 572113, Jun. 4, 2010.;  PCT International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US2006/048040, May 10, 2007.;  PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Application No. PCT/US2006/048040, Jun. 24, 2008.;  State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China, First Office Action (Translation), Application No. 200680048598.5, Jun. 11, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China First Office Action, Oct. 21, 2010 [includes AFD China Intellectual Property Law Office Oct. 22, 2010 letter; Quarles&Brady Oct. 13, 2010 letter; English version of Amended Claims].;  State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China, Second Office Action (Translation), Application No. 200680048598.5, Jan. 10, 2011.;  Patent Office of the Russian Federation, Office Action (Inquiry) of the State Examination, Applicaiton No. 2008127066, Nov. 15, 2010.;  Ukraine Patent Office, Office Action, Application No. a 2008 09306, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to Ukraine Patent Office Office Action, Application No. a 2008 09306, Dec. 2010 [includes Papula-Nevinpat Dec. 8, 2010 letter].;  Ukraine Patent Office, Office Action, Application No. a 2008 09306, Jan. 2011.;  Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand, Examination Report, Application No. 569246, Mar. 2, 2010.;  PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, Application No. PCT/US2007/088417, Dec. 2, 2008.;  PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Application No. PCT/US2007/088417, Jun. 24, 2009.;  Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand, Examination Report, Application No. 577547, Sep. 17, 2010.;  Republic of South Africa, Letters Patent, Patent No. 2009/04056, Apr. 28, 2010.;  Badger, P.C., "Ethanol From cellulose: A General Review," Ethanol From cellulose: A General Review p. 17-21 (2002).;  Bardin, B.B., et al., "Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional quantum Chemical Calculations," J. Phys. Chem. B 102-10817-10825 (1998).;  Barrett, C.J., et al., "Single-reactor process for sequential aldol-condensation and hydrogenation of biomass-derived compounds in water," Applied catalysis B: environmental 66:111-118 (2006).;  Brown, N.F., et al., "Carbon-Halogen Bond Scission and Rearrangement of Beta-Halohydrins on the Rh(111) Surface," J. Phys. Chem. 98:12737-12745 (1994).;  Chen, N.Y., et al., "Liquid fuel from carbohydrates," Chemtech Aug. 1985 p. 506-509.;  Chiu, C-W, et al., "Distribution of Methanol and Catalysts between Biodiesel and Glycerin Phases," AIChE Journal 51:1274-1278 (2005).;  Corma, A., et al., "Processing biomass-derived oxygenates in the oil refinery: Catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction pathways and role of catalyst," J. of Catalysis 247:307-327 (2007).;  Cartright, R.D., et al., "Hydrogen from catalytic reforming of biomass-derived hydrocarbons in liquid water," Nature 418:964-967 (2002).;  Dasari, M.A., et al., "Low-pressure hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol," Applied Catalysis A: General 281:225-231 (2005).;  Dass, D.V., et al., "A comparative study of the conversion of ethanol and of ethylene over the "Mobil" zeolite catalyst, H-ZSM-5. An application of the Benzene Sequestration Test," Can. J. Chem. 67:1732-1734 (1989).;  Davda, R.R., et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of ethylene glycol on silica-supported metal catalysts," Applied Catalysis B: Environment 43:13-26 (2003).;  dos Santos, S.M., et al., "Performance of RuSn catalysts supported on different oxides in the selective hydrogenation of dimethyl adipate," Catalysis Today 107-108:250-257 (2005).;  Elliott, D.C., et al., "Liquid Fuels by Low-Severity Hydrotreating of Biocrude," Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion 1:611-621 (1996).;  Elliott, D.C., et al., "Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 6. Demonstration of Catalytic Gasification for Chemical Manufacturing Wastewater Cleanup in Industrial Plants," Ind. Eng. chem. Res. 38:879-883 (1999).;  Fraser, J., "Roadmap for Cellulosic Ethanol Production", http://energy.sekingalpha.com/article/13457, Aug. 1, 2006.;  Fukuoka, A., et al., "Catalytic Conversion of cellulose into Sugar Alcohols," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 5:5161-5163 (2006).;  Gayubo, A.G., et al., "Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. I. Alcohols and Phenols," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43:2610-2618 (2004).;  Greer, D., "Creating Cellulosic Ethanol: Spinning Straw into Fuel," May 2005 eNews Bulletin.;  Huber, G.W., et al., "Raney Ni_Sn catalyst for H2 Production from Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbons," Science 300:2075-2077 (2003).;  Huber, G.W., et al., "Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering," Chem. Rev. 106:4044-4098 (2006).;  Kawai, M., et al.,"Production of Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon From Cellulose and Water," Chemistry Letters p. 1185-1188 (1981).;  Kluson, P., et al., "Selective Hydrogenation over Ruthenium Catalysts," Applied Catalysis A: General 128:13-31 (1995).;  Makarova, M.A., et al., "Dehydration of n-Butanol on Zeolite H-ZSM-5 and Amorphous Aluminosilicate: Detailed Mechanistic Study and the Effect of Pore Confinement," Journal of Catalysis 149:36-51 (1994).;  Minowa, T., et al., "Hydrogen Production from Wet Cellulose by Low Temperature Gasification Using a Reduced Nickel Catalyst," Chemistry Letters p. 937-938 (1995).;  Minowa, T., et al., "Hydrogen Production from Cellulose in Hot Compressed Water Using Reduced Nickel Catalyst: Product Distribution at Different Reaction Temperature," J. of Chem. Eng. of Japan 31:488-491 (1998).;  Nelson, D.A., et al., Application of Direct Thermal liquefaction for the Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 23:471-475 (1984).;  Oregon Cellulose-Ethanol Study, "Appendix B_Overview of Cellulose-Ethanol Production Technology," p. 57-60.;  Roman-Leshkov, Y., et al., "Production of dimethylfuran for liquid fuels from biomass-derived carbohydrates," Nature 447:982-986 (2007).;  Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R., "Conversion of hydrocarbons and alcohols for fuel cells," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3:283-288 (2001).;  Shabaker, J.W., et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of methanol and ethylene glycol over alumina-supported platinum catalysts," Journal of Catalysis 215:344-352 (2003).;  Shabaker, J.W., et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over Sn-modified Ni catalysts," Journal of Catalysis 222:180-191 (2004).;  Silva, A.M., et al., "Role of catalyst preparation on determining selective sites for hydrogenation of dimethyl adipate over RuSn/Al2O3," J. of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 253:62-69 (2006).;  Tsuchida, t., et al., "Direct Synthesis of n-Butanol from Ethanol over Nonstoichiometric Hydroxyapatite," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45:8634-9642 (2006).;  Wang, D., et al., "Catalytic steam reforming of biomass-derived oxygenates: acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde," Applied Catalysis A: General 143:245-270 (1996).;  Werpy, T., et al., "Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass vol. 1_Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas," 2004.;  Yoshida, T., et al., "Gasification of Cellulose, Xylan, and Lignin Mixtures in Supercritical Water," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40:5469-5474 (2001).;  PCT International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US2008/056330, Jul. 10, 2008.;  PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/US2008/056330, Sep. 8, 2009.;  European Patent Office, Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, Apr. 2, 2009.;  Applicant, Response to European Patent Office Apr. 2, 2009 Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, May 1, 2009.;  European Patent Office, Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, Mar. 25, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to European Patent Office Mar. 25, 2010, Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, Oct. 1, 2010.;  Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand, Examination Report, Application No. 579525, Sep. 29, 2010.;  Republic of South Africa, Letters Patent, Patent No. 2009/05916, Apr. 28, 2010.;  PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, Application No. PCT/US2010/040644, Feb. 4, 2011.US8017818-B2  Badger, P.C., "Ethanol From cellulose: A General Review," Ethanol From cellulose: A General Review p. 17-21 (2002).;  Bardin, B.B., et al., "Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional quantum Chemical Calculations," J. Phys. Chem. B 102-10817-10825 (1998).;  Barrett, C.J., et al., "Single-reactor process for sequential aldol-condensation and hydrogenation of biomass-derived compounds in water," Applied catalysis B: environmental 66:111-118 (2006).;  Brown, N. F., et al., "Carbon-Halogen Bond Scission and Rearrangement of Beta-Halohydrins on the Rh(111) Surface," J. Phys. Chem. 98:12737-12745 (1994).;  Chen, N. Y., et al., "Liquid fuel from carbohydrates," Chemtech Aug. 1985 p. 506-509.;  Chiu, C-W, et al., "Distribution of Methanol and Catalysts between Biodiesel and Glycerin Phases," AIChE Journal 51:1274-1278 (2005).;  Corma, A., et al., "Processing biomass-derived oxygenates in the oil refinery: Catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction pathways and role of catalyst," J. of Catalysis 247:307-327 (2007).;  Cartright, R.D., et al., "Hydrogen from catalytic reforming of biomass-derived hydrocarbons in liquid water," Nature 418:964-967 (2002).;  Dasari, M.A., et al., "Low-pressure hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol," Applied Catalysis A: General 281:225-231 (2005).;  Dass, D.V., et al., "A comparative study of the conversion of ethanol and of ethylene over the "Mobil" zeolite catalyst, H-ZSM-5. An application of the Benzene Sequestration Test," Can. J. Chem. 67:1732-1734 (1989).;  Davda, R.R., et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of ethylene glycol on silica-supported metal catalysts," Applied Catalysis B: Environment 43:13-26 (2003).;  dos Santos, S.M., et al., "Performance of RuSn catalysts supported on different oxides in the selective hydrogenation of dimethyl adipate," Catalysis Today 107-108:250-257 (2005).;  Elliott, D.C., et al., "Liquid Fuels by Low-Severity Hydrotreating of Biocrude," Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion 1:611-621 (1996).;  Elliott, D.C., et al., "Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 6. Demonstration of Catalytic Gasification for Chemical Manufacturing Wastewater Cleanup in Industrial Plants," Ind. Eng. chem. Res. 38:879-883 (1999).;  Fraser, J., "Roadmap for Cellulosic Ethanol Production".;  Fukuoka, A., et al., "Catalytic Conversion of cellulose into Sugar Alcohols," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 5:5161-5163 (2006).;  Gayubo, A.G., et al., "Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. I. Alcohols and Phenols," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43:2610-2618 (2004).;  Greer, D., "Creating Cellulosic Ethanol: Spinning Straw into Fuel," May 2005 eNews Bulletin.;  Huber, G.W., et al., "Raney Ni-Sn catalyst for H2 Production from Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbons," Science 300:2075-2077 (2003).;  Huber, G.W., et al., "Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering," Chem. Rev. 106:4044-4098 (2006).;  Kawai, M., et al.,"Production of Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon From Cellulose and Water," Chemistry Letters p. 1185-1188 (1981).;  Kluson, P., et al., "Selective Hydrogenation over Ruthenium Catalysts," Applied Catalysis A: General 128:13-31 (1995).;  Makarova, M.A., et al., "Dehydration of n-Butanol on Zeolite H-ZSM-5 and Amorphous Aluminosilicate: Detailed Mechanistic Study and the Effect of Pore Confinement," Journal of Catalysis 149:36-51 (1994).;  Minowa, T., et al., "Hydrogen Production from Wet Cellulose by Low Temperature Gasification Using a Reduced Nickel Catalyst," Chemistry Letters p. 937-938 (1995).;  Minowa, T., et al., "Hydrogen Production from Cellulose in Hot Compressed Water Using Reduced Nickel Catalyst: Product Distribution at Different Reaction Temperature," J. of Chem. Eng. of Japan 31:488-491 (1998).;  Nelson, D.A., et al., Application of Direct Thermal liquefaction for the Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 23:471-475 (1984).;  Oregon Cellulose-Ethanol Study, "Appendix B_Overview of Cellulose-Ethanol Production Technology," p. 57-60.;  Roman-Leshkov, Y., et al., "Production of dimethylfuran for liquid fuels from biomass-derived carbohydrates," Nature 447:982-986 (2007).;  Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R., "Conversion of hydrocarbons and alcohols for fuel cells," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3:283-288 (2001).;  Shabaker, J.W., et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of methanol and ethylene glycol over alumina-supported platinum catalysts," Journal of Catalysis 215:344-352 (2003).;  Shabaker, J.W., et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over Sn-modified Ni catalysts," Journal of Catalysis 222:180-191 (2004).;  Silva, A.M., et al., "Role of catalyst preparation on determining selective sites for hydrogenation of dimethyl adipate over RuSn/Al2O3," J. of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 253:62-69 (2006).;  Tsuchida, t., et al., "Direct Synthesis of n-Butanol from Ethanol over Nonstoichiometric Hydroxyapatite," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45:8634-9642 (2006).;  Wang, D., et al., "Catalytic steam reforming of biomass-derived oxygenates: acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde," Applied Catalysis A: General 143:245-270 (1996).;  Werpy, T., et al., "Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass vol. 1_Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas," 2004.;  Yoshida, T., et al., "Gasification of Cellulose, Xylan, and Lignin Mixtures in Supercritical Water," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40:5469-5474 (2001).;  Gayubo et al., "Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolsis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. II. Aldehydes, Ketones, and Acids," Ind. Eng. Chem Res. 2004, 43:2619-2626.;  PCT International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US2008/056330, Jul. 10, 2008.;  PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/US2008/056330, Sep. 8, 2009.;  European Patent Office, Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, Apr. 2, 2009.;  Applicant, Response to European Patent Office Apr. 2, 2009 Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, May 1, 2009.;  European Patent Office, Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, Mar. 25, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to European Patent Office Mar. 25, 2010, Communication, Application No. 08731758.2, Oct. 1, 2010.;  Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand, Examination Report, Application No. 579525, Sep. 29, 2010.;  Republic of South Africa, Letters Patent, Patent No. 2009/05916, Apr. 28, 2010.;  PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion, Application No. PCT/US2010/040644, Feb. 4, 2011.;  Huber et al., "Raney Ni-Sn Catalyst for H2 Production from Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbons", 2003 Science 300:2075-2076.;  Agar Prof. David, "Abstract 2254-Influence of the Liquid Phase Physical Properties on Unsteady-State Hydrodynamics in Periodically Operated Tricke-Bed Reactors," European Congress of Chemical Engineering_6, Copenhagen Sep. 2007.;  Chaminand et al., 2004 Green Chemistry, 6(8) pp. 359-361 (abstract only).;  Chiu et al., "Removal of Residual Catalyst from Simulated Biodiesel's Crude Glycerol for Glycerol Hydrogenolysis to Propylene Glycol" 2006 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res 45:791-795.;  Crabtree, S.P., et. al., "Novel Catalysis for Glycol Manufacture" 2001.;  Davda et al., "A review of catalytic issues and process conditions for renewable hydrogen and alkanes by aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over supported metal catalysts" 2005 Appl. Catal. B:Environmental 56:171-186.;  Davda et al., "Catalytic Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons for Hydrogen with Low Levels of Carbon Monoxide" 2003 Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed., 42:4068-4071.;  Davda et al., "Renewable hydrogen by aqueous-phase reforming of glucose" 2004 Chem. Commun., 36-37.;  Elliot et al., "Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 7. Process Development for Catalytic Gasification of Wet Biomass Feedstocks" 2004 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43:1999-2004.;  Huber et al., "Production of Liquid Alkanes by Aqueous-Phase Processing of Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates" 2005 Science 308:1446-1450.;  Huber et al., "Renewable Alkanes by Aqueoud-Phase Reforming of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates" 2004 Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed., 43:1549-1551.;  Miyazawa et al., "Glycerol conversion in the aqueous solution under hydrogen over RuIC + an ion-exchange resin and its reaction mechanism" 2006 J. of Catalysis 240:213-221.;  Shabaker et al., "Aqueous-phase reforming of ethylene glycol over supported platinum catalysts" Catal. Lett., May 2003, vol. 88, Nos. 1-2.;  Shabaker et al., "Sn-modified catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming: Characterization and deactivation studies" 2005 J.Catal., 231:67-76.;  Shabaker JW et al., "Kinetics of Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons: PUAI203 and Sn-Modified Ni Catalysts" 2004 Ind. Eng, Chem. Res., 43:3105-3112.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office. Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Dec. 26, 2008.;  Applicant, Response to Restriction Requirement, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Jan. 26, 2009.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Apr. 8, 2009.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Aug. 10, 2009.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Issue Notification, U.S. Appl. No. 11/800,671, Aug. 3, 2010.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/158,635, Jan. 4, 2011.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Aug. 12, 2010.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Interview Summary, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Oct. 28, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Nov. 12, 2010.;  Applicant, Supplemental Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,837, Jan. 4, 2011.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,908, Aug. 12, 2010;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Interview Summary, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,908, Oct. 29, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,908 , Nov. 12, 2010.;  Applicant, Supplemental Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/044,908 , Jan. 5, 2011.;  United States Patent and Trademark Office, Office Action Summary and Detailed Action, U.S. Appl. No. 12/834,306, Sep. 17, 2010.;  Applicant, Response to Non-Final Office Action, U.S. Appl. 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Res. 45:791-795.;  Corma, et al., "Processing Biomass-Derived Oxygenates in the Oil Refinery: Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Reaction Pathways and Role of Catalyst," 2007 Journal of Catalysis 247:307-327.;  Cortright, et al., "Hydrogen from Catalytic Reforming of Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbons in Liquid Water" 2002 Nature 418:964-967.;  Crabtree, et. al., "Novel Catalysis for Glycol Manufacture", 2001.;  Dasari, et al., "Low-Pressure Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Propylene Glycol" 2005 Applied Catalysis A: General 281:225-231.;  Dass, et al., "A Comparative Study of the Conversion of Ethanol and of Ethylene Over the 'Mobil' Zeolite Catalyst, H-ZSM-5. An application of the Benzene Sequestration Test," 1989 Can. J. Chem. 67:1732-1734.;  Davda, et al., "A Review of Catalytic Issues and Process Conditions for Renewable Hydrogen and Alkanes by Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons Over Supported Metal Catalysts" 2005 Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 56:171-186.;  Davda, et al., "Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Ethylene Glycol on Silica-Supported Metal Catalysts" 2003 Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 43:13-26.;  Davda, et al., "Catalytic Reforming of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons for Hydrogen with Low Levels of Carbon Monoxide" 2003 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 42:4068-4071.;  Davda, et al., "Renewable Hydrogen by Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Glucose" 2004 Chem. Commun., pp. 36-37.;  Dos Santos, et al., "Performance of RuSn Catalysts Supported on Different Oxides in the Selective Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Adipate," 2005 Catalysis Today 107-108:250-257.;  Elliott, et al., "Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 7. 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