TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The quat. ammonium compound is an ionic liquid, and is liquid at 20degreesC and atmospheric pressure. The quat. ammonium compound is provided in the form of a mixture with a solvent. It is dienyl quat. ammonium. The quat. ammonium compound comprises a group of sub-formula (I), a compound of formula (II), a compound of formula (III), or a compound of formula (IV). The quat. ammonium compound includes hydrophobic portion, which is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group i.e. alkyl group, preferably having 8-14C. In formula (I),R2, R3=(CR7R8)n, or a group CR9R10, CR7R8R9R10, or CR9R10CR7R8;n=0, 1, or 2;R7, R8=H, fluoro, halo, or hydrocarbyl;R9, R10=one of which is H and the other is electron withdrawing group, where R9 and R10 form an electron withdrawing group;R4, R5=CH or CR11;R11=electron withdrawing group;dotted lines=indicate the presence or absence of a bond;X1=group CX2X3 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent or a group CX2 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is present;Y1=group CY2Y3 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent or a group CY2 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is present;X2, X3, Y2, Y3=H or F;R1=H or hydrocarbyl;Z=anion of charge m; andZ-m-=halide ion, boride ion, triflate, PF6-, HSO4-, SO42-, H2PO4-, imide, or carboxylic acid ester, preferably octanoate or per-fluoro octanoate;r=greater than or equal to1, preferably 2; andR6=bridging group, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having greater than or equal to4C, perhaloalkyl group, siloxane group, or amide of valency r.R6'=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group having greater than or equal to4C, perhaloalkyl group, siloxane group, or amide; andR1=alkyl group, preferably Me.Preferred Composition: The mixture contains less than 10, preferably less than 5 wt.% solvent. Preferred Component: A substance, which is a non-polar liquid (i.e. fuel, preferably petroleum or diesel) is dissolved in the quat. ammonium compound. A catalytic material is dissolved in the quat. ammonium compound. The substance dissolved in the quat. ammonium compound is polar, solid, electrolyte, or gas. Preferred Method: The quat. ammonium compound is caused to conduct ionically in an electrochemical process, which is electroplating electropolishing, or electrowinning. It is used as the solvent in an electroless deposition process, or in a chemical or biochemical reaction i.e. organic or inorganic synthesis reaction. The dissolved gas is controllably released from the liquid quat. ammonium compound. Eutectic liquid is formed. The reaction is a biochemical reaction involving the dissolution of an enzyme in the quat. ammonium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The quat. ammonium compound is located in the pores of a porous substrate, which is microporous, ceramic, zeolite, or polymer, preferably a microporous expanded PTFE substrate. The composition including the liquid quat. ammonium compound is paint. The liquid quat. ammonium compound is ionically conductive rendering the coating conductive. Preferred Method: The method includes polymerizing the quat. ammonium compound with the substance dissolved in it, where substance is waste material, which is a liquid separated from the solid polymer formed by the polymerization of the quat. ammonium compound. EXAMPLE - A mixture of 1,10-dibromodecane (23.8 g), diallylamine (15.4 g), and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) (58.0 g) in absolute ethanol were refluxed overnight with a drying arm over the condenser. Solid potassium bromide (KBr) and excess K2CO3 were removed from the solvent by filtration. Ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation together with any remaining diallylamine. An ammonium compound was obtained using dry silica gel flushed through with dry dichloromethane (DCM). To a solution of ammonium compound in methanol or dry DCM, 6 M aqueous solution of hydroperfluoric acid (HPF6) was added until the mixture reached a pH of 5-6. The water was allowed to evaporate, leaving a quat. ammonium compound, which was found to be conductive. A conductivity of 100 kOmega cm-2 was recorded.