NOVELTY - A cylindrical lithium secondary battery (4) comprises non-aqueous electrolyte; and spirally-wound electrode assembly (5) accommodated in battery case, where assembly has positive electrode (1), negative electrode (2) and separator (3) interposed between them. The positive/negative electrode has positive/negative electrode current collector made of conductive metal foil and positive/negative electrode mixture layer. The layer contains positive/negative electrode binder and positive/negative electrode active material having layered lithium-transition metal composite oxide.    USE - As cylindrical lithium secondary battery (claimed) useful as high power, high energy density secondary batteries; and as power source for portable electronic devices related to information technology such as mobile telephones and notebook computers.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium secondary battery achieves excellent charge-discharge cycle performance by improving the battery structure. The battery is a cylindrical lithium secondary battery employing as negative electrode active material, silicon particles and/or silicon alloy, which causes volumetric expansion in occluding lithium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cylindrical lithium secondary battery (4) comprises a battery case; a non-aqueous electrolyte; and a spirally-wound electrode assembly (5) accommodated in the battery case, where the spirally-wound electrode assembly contains a positive electrode (1), a negative electrode (2) and a separator (3) interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, where the positive electrode and the negative electrode is disposed facing each other across the separator. The positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector made of a conductive metal foil and a positive electrode mixture layer disposed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode active material containing a layered lithium-transition metal composite oxide of formula LiaNibCocMndAleO2 (I), where the amount of positive electrode active material is less than or equal to 50 mg per 1 cm2 of the positive electrode, and the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector made of a conductive metal foil and a negative electrode mixture layer disposed on a surface of the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode active material containing silicon particles and/or silicon alloy particles. The average particle size of the silicon particles or the silicon alloy particles is 5 mu m to 15 mu m, and the theoretical electrical capacity ratio of the negative electrode to the positive electrode is greater than or equal to 1.2.    a=0-1.1;    b+c+d+e=1;    b, c and d=0-1;    e=0-0.1.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing cylindrical lithium secondary battery involving: applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode binder and a positive electrode active material onto a surface of a positive electrode current collector made of a conductive metal foil so that the amount of the positive electrode active material is less than or equal to 50 mg per 1 cm2 of the positive electrode, where the positive electrode active material contains a layered lithium-transition metal composite oxide of formula (I) to thereby prepare a positive electrode in which a positive electrode mixture layer is formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode binder and a negative electrode active material containing silicon particles and/or silicon alloy particles having an average particle size of 5-15 mu m, onto a surface of a negative electrode current collector made of a conductive metal foil so that the theoretical electrical capacity ratio of the negative electrode to the positive electrode is greater than or equal to 1.2, to thereby prepare a negative electrode in which a negative electrode mixture layer is formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; and spirally winding the positive and negative electrodes with a separator interposed between them to prepare a spirally-wound electrode assembly, thereafter putting the spirally-wound electrode assembly into a battery case, and filling a non-aqueous electrolyte into the battery case.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of the battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative electrode (2)    Separator (3)    Closed-bottom cylindrical metal battery (4)    Electrode assembly (5)    Sealing lid (6)    Upper insulating plate (9)    Lower insulating plate (10)    Insulative packing. (11)