EP2016056-A2  JIN C-M. ET AL.: J. MATER. CHEM., vol. 16, 6 February 2006 (2006-02-06), pages 1529-1535, XP002601955;  HOLBREY J.D. ET AL.: GREEN CHEMISTRY, vol. 5, 2003, page 129-135, XP002601956;  HU X ET AL: "Silver complexes of a novel tripodal N-heterocyclic carbene ligand: Evidence for significant metal-carbene [pi]-interaction" ORGANOMETALLICS, ACS, WASHINGTON, DC, US LNKD- DOI:10.1021/OM020935J, vol. 22, no. 4, 17 February 2003 (2003-02-17), pages 612-614, XP009111811 ISSN: 0276-7333 [retrieved on 2003-01-16];  LYNCH D. E.: ACTA CRYST., vol. E59, 2003, pages O1076-O1078, XP002601957;  IWAO SATAKE ET AL.: BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, [Online] vol. 70, no. 4, 1997, page 761-765, XP002601958;  DATABASE BEILSTEIN [Online] BEILSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, FRANKFURT-MAIN, DE; 1952, XP002601959 Database accession no. 1263055&BARBER ET AL.: J. APPL. CHEM. 2, 1952, pages 565-574,;  See also references of WO 2007124397A2US8367845-B2  Database Beilstein [Online] Beilstein Institute for Organic Chemistry, Frankfurt-Main, DE, 1952, XP002601959.;  Holbrey et al., "Mercury(II) partitioning from aqueous solutions with a new, hydrophobic ethylene-glycol functionalized bis-imidazolium ionic liquid," Green Chemistry, 5:129-135 (2003).;  Hu et al., "Silver Complexes of a Novel Tripodal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: Evidence for Signifcant Metal-Carbene ~p-Interaction," Organometallics, 22(4):612-614 (2003).;  Jin et al., "Polyethylene glycol functionalized dicationic ionic liquids with alkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substituents as high temperature lubricants," J. Mater. Chem., 16:1529-1535 (2006).;  Lynch, D., "Tris(2-ammonioethyl)amine benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate 5.5-hydrate," Acta Cryst., E59:1076-1078 (2003) XP-002601957.;  Satake et al., "The Micellar Properties of Iionic Surfactants Consisting of the ~a, ~w-Type Surfactant Ion and the Same Type Counter Ion," Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 70(4):761-765 (1997).;  Supplementary European Search Report dated Oct. 13, 2010 from EP 07 76 0982.;  Han, X.; Armstrong, D. W. "Using Geminal Dicationic Ionic Liquids as Solvents for High-Temperature Organic Reactions," Org. Lett. 2005, 7(19), 4205-4208.;  International Search Report in PCT/US2007/067047 mailed Oct. 2, 2008.