TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is indium tin oxide (TO), fluorine tin oxide, zinc galium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, tin-based oxide, antimony tin oxide and/or zinc oxide. The transparent substrate is a glass or a plastic substrate. The semiconductor compound comprises a metal oxide of titanium, zirconium, zinc, indium, Yr (SIC), lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium, galium and/or titanium-strontium, preferably silicon, titania, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide and/or titanium strontium oxide. The light absorption layer has a thickness of less than or equal to 25 microns. The second electrode comprises platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and/or a conductive polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first electrode comprises a transparent substrate and a conductive layer disposed on the transparent substrate, where the conductive layer comprises a conductive metal oxide. The semiconductor particulate comprises an elementary substance semiconductor, a compound semiconductor and/or a perovskite metal oxide composite. The semiconductor particulate has an average particle diameter of less than or equal to 50 nm. The solar cell further comprises an additive (100-3000 parts by weight) such as an organic compound of formula Q-COOH e.g. deoxycholic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic substrate is polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylenenaphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide, triacetylcellulose or polyethersulfone.Q = (cyclo)alkyl, (halo)alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, (alkoxy)sulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, alkenyl, aralkyl or heterocycle. Preferred Definitions:    A, B1 = fluorenyl (optionally subsituted OH, halo, NO2, CN, NH2, acyl, acyloxy, COOH, sulfonyl, (cyclo)alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, (alkoxy)sulfonyl,alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, alkenyl, aralkyl or heterocycle);    D = substituted furan or thiophene derivatives; and    E = COOH.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 6 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene)((E)-3-(5-benzofuran-2-yl-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid) amine of formula (Ia), bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene) ((E)-3-(5-benzo(b)thiophen-2-yl-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid) amine, bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene)((E)-2-cyano-3-(5-phenyl-thiophen-2-yl)-acrylic acid) amine, bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene)((E)-2-cyano-3-(5'-phenyl-(2,2')bithiophenyl-5-yl)-acrylic acid) amine, bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene)(4-oxo-5-(1-(5-phenyl-thiophen-2-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid) amine or bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene)(4-oxo-5-(1-(5'-phenyl-(2,2')bithiophenyl-5-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid) amine.    EXAMPLE - Methanol (30 ml), Raney nickel (0.02 g) and hydrazine hydrate (0.097 ml) were heated at 55-60degrees C. 5,5-Dimethyl-2-(5-(6-nitro-1H-inden-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-(1,3)dioxane was refluxed with the obtained mixture for 5 hours to give 2-(5-(5,5-Dimethyl-(1,3)dioxan-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-3H-inden-5-ylamine. The obtained compound (0.2 g) was refluxed with 2-iodo-9,9-dimethylfluorene (0.42 g), potassium carbonate (0.36 g), copper (0.13 g) and 18-crown-6 (0.02 g) 48 hours to give (2-(5-(5,5-dimethyl-(1,3)dioxan-2-y l)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzofuran-6-yl)-bis-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-amine. The obtained compound (0.1 g) was agitated with a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), water (10 ml) and trifluoroacetic acid (2 ml)at room temperature for 2 hours to give 5-(6-(bis-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-amino)-benzofuran-2-yl)-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde. The obtained compound (0.03 g) refluxed cyanoacetic acid (0.01 g), acetonitrile (60 ml) and piperidine (and 0.003 ml) for 6 hours to give bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene)((E)-3-(5-benzofuran-2-yl-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid) amine.