TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Material: The rechargeable lithium battery comprises an anode comprising anode active material, a cathode comprising cathode active material and the electrolyte. Preferred Property: The anode has an active mass density of 3.7-4.2 g/cm3. The rechargeable lithium battery is charged to a cut-off voltage of 4.3-4.5 V.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoro antimonate, lithium hexafluoro arsenate, lithium chloride, lithium iodide, lithium bisoxalate borate, lithium fluorocarbon sulfonate (LiCF3SO3), lithium-nitrogen-fluoro carbon-sulfur containing compound such as LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiC4F9SO3, lithium perchlorate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloro aluminate and/or lithium-nitrogen-carbon-fluorine-sulfur-oxygen containing compound LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CxF2y+1SO2), where x and y are positive integers. The anode active material is selected from lithium-nickel-cobalt-metal oxide of formula: Lia1Nib1Coc1M1d1O2, lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-metal oxide of formula: Lia2Nib2Coc2Mnd2M2e1O2, lithium-manganese-metal oxide of formula: Lia3Mn2M3b3O4, metal sulfide of formula: GS2, lithium-metal sulfide of formula: LiJS2, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), lithium vanadium pentoxide (LiV2O5), lithium metal oxide of formula: LiTO2, lithium-nickel-vanadium-oxide of formula: LiNiVO4, lithium metal phosphate of formula: Li(3-a4)M'2(PO4)3 and/or lithium iron phosphate of formula: Li(3-a')Fe2(PO4)3, where M1 is selected from magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rutherfodium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, dubnium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, seaborgium, technetium, rhenium, bhorium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, hassium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, sulfur, selenium, tellurium and/or polonium, G, J is titanium or molybdenum, T is chromium, vanadium, iron, titanium, scandium and/or yttrium, M' is vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and/or copper, a1, a2, a3 is 0.95-1.1, b1, b2 is 0-0.9, c1, c2 is 0-0.5, d1, d2, b3, e1 is 0-0.2, a' is 0-2, a4 is more than 0 to less than 3, preferably d1, e1 and b3 is 0.001-0.2. The cathode active material is selected from carbonaceous material, lithium metal, lithium alloy and/or material capable of forming lithium-containing compound, preferably carbonaceous material. Preferred Composition: The concentration of lithium salt present in the electrolyte is 0.1-2 M. Preferred Property: The carbonaceous material has a crystallite size of at least 10 nm, and has an exothermic peak at 700 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkyl group is of formula: CmH(2m+1), where m is 1-10. Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous organic solvent comprises a mixture of a carbonate-based solvent and an aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent in the volume ratio of 1:1-30:1. The non-aqueous organic solvent further comprises an overcharge inhibition additive. The carbonate-based solvent comprises a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a linear carbonate in the volume ratio of 1:1-1:9. The electrolyte contains (in weight%) vinylene carbonate (0.01-9), preferably (0.5-5), fluoroethylene carbonate (0.1-7), preferably (0.5-5) and nitrile-based compound (0.005-10), preferably (0.01-5). Preferred Compound: The nitrile-based compound is selected from succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelonitrile and/or suberonitrile, preferably adiponitrile. The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from carbonate-based solvent, ester-based solvent, ether-based solvent, ketone-based solvent, alcohol-based solvent and/or aprotic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbonaceous material is a carbon or a graphite fiber. Preferred Process: The carbon is obtained by carbonizing mesophase spherical particles and performing graphitizing on the carbonized material. The graphite fiber is obtained by carbonizing a mesophase pitch fiber and performing graphitizing on the carbonized material. Preferred Definitions:    n=more than 1.