TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The precursor is prepared by solgel, gel-plastic, and/or coagulation, flocculation and/or precipitation reactions. The thermal treatment consists of at least two steps, where the first step is executed at 300-400degreesC, while the second step is executed at 400-900degreesC. The method includes further optional thermal treatments at lower than 400degreesC and/or higher than 500degreesC. The processes are performed in an inert argon and/or nitrogen atmosphere, or under vacuum. The activation step comprises electrochemical processes simulating the cyclic voltammetry techniques in the presence of inert gases (e.g. nitrogen or argon) alternated to oxidant gases (e.g., oxygen) and/or reducing gases (e.g., hydrogen); or alternating oxidation through oxygen or hydrogen peroxide; and reduction through reagents such as hydrogen, formaldehyde, hydrazine, or hydrazine dichloride. Preferred Components: The nanometric support consists of silver oxide (Ag2O), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), arsenic oxide (AsxOy), gold oxide (Au2O3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2), cobalt oxide (CoxOy), chromium oxide (CrxOy), copper oxide (CuxO), europium oxide (EuO2), iron oxide (FexOy), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), hafnium oxide (HfO2), iridium oxide (Ir2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), manganese oxide (MnO2), molybdenum oxide (MoxOy), niobium oxide (NbxOy), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), nickel oxide (NiO), osmium oxide (OsOx), lead oxide (PbOx), palladium oxide (PdO), praseodymium oxide (PrO2), platinum oxide (PtOx), rhenium oxide (RexOy), rhodium oxide (Rh2O3), ruthenium oxide (RuOx), antimony oxide (SbxOy), scandium oxide (Sc2O3), selenium oxide (SeOx), silicon oxide (SiO2), samarium oxide (SmO), tin oxide (SnO2), tantalum oxide (TaxOy), terbium oxide (TbO2), tellurium oxide (TeOx), titanium oxide (TiO2), vanadium oxide (VxOy), tungsten oxide (WxOy), zinc oxide (ZnO), or zirconium oxide (ZrO2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic binder is any molecule, macromolecule or macromolecular systems having in its structure functional groups such as hydroxyl, amino, amide, ester, phosphine and nitrile. The organic solvent is any liquid capable to dissolve the compounds to yield clear A and B solutions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compounds based on hydroxyl groups are sugars, alcohols, polyalcohols, polyesters, polyethers, amides, polyamides, polyacrylates, or polyimides.