TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The step of production of oil-producing microbial biomass is made by using the yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides of A25. The step of production of oil-producing microbial biomass is made by using at least one filamentous fungi and yeasts, be them genetically modified or not, selected from Candida curvata, Candida guilhermondi, Candida tropicalis, Candida sp., Candida oleophila, Candida lipolitica, Criptococcus terricolus, Hansenula saturnus, Hansenulla ciferrii, Upomyces starkei, Rhodutorala gracilis, Aspergillus fischeri, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus ochrceus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ustus, Cladosporium fulvum, Cladospohum herbarum, Mucor miehei, Penicillium gladiololi, Penicillium javanicum, Penicilium lilacinum, Penicillium spinulosum, Peniciliumm ultimum, Criptococcus albidus, Lypomices starkeyi, Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon pullulans, Mortierrella hygrophila, Mortierrella zychae, Mortierrella elengata, Mortierrella parvispora, Mortierrella schmuckeri, Mortierrella alpina, Lypomyces lipofeer, Lipomyces tetrasporus, Williopsis saturnus, Candida diddensiae, Yarrowia lipolitica, Trichosporon cutaneum. The step of production of algal biomass is made by using the microalga Botryococcus braunii of C27. The step of production of algal biomass is made by using algae and/or cyanobacteriae which may be cultivated in isolation or in co-cultures (combined strains) and are formed by Euglena sp. (gracilis), Anabaena sp. (variabilis, cylindrica, hassali, planctonica), Dunaliella sp. (salina, bardawil, tertioleta), Achananthes orientalis, Amphora (delicatissima, cafeiformis), Ankistnodesmus falcatus, Chaetoceros sp. (muelleh, gracilis, muelleri subsalsum), Clorococcum sp., Chlorrella sp. (ellipsoidea, salina), Chromonas sp., Chrysosphaera sp., Cricophaera sp., Cryptomonas sp., Cyclotella sp. (meneghiniana, cryptica), Navicula sp., Amphiprora hyalina, Eustigmatophyte flagellate, Pleuorochysis sp., Franceia sp., Gleocapsa sp., Gloeothamnion sp., Hymenomonas sp., Isochrysis aff. Galbana, Monoraphidium sp., Nannochloropsis sp. (salina), Navicula (saprophil, pseudotenelloides, biskanterae, acceptata, saprophila, pseudotenelloides), Nephrochloris sp., Nitzschia sp. (pusilla monoensis, elliptica, alexandhna, quadrangula, pusila monoensis, inconspicua, microcephala, frustulum, hantzchianna, intermedia, frustulum, communis), Ochromonas sp., Oocystis sp. (pusilla), Oscillatoria sp. (subborevis, limnetica), Phaeodactylum tricomutum, Platymonas sp., Pleurochrysis sp. (dentate), Prymnesiophyte sp., Pseudoanabaena sp., Pyraminonas sp., Stichococcus sp., Synechococcus sp., Tetraselmis suecica, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Nitzschia sp., as well as their mutants and/or genetically altered strains able to accumulate lipids in their biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process involves: in integrated form, at least one step of production of oil-producing biomass from filamentous fungi and/or yeasts from derivatives and residues of sugar cane; a step of production of algal biomass by making full use of residues, CO2 and residual broth, generated by the production of oil-producing biomass; a step of extraction of lipids contained in the algal and microbial oil-producing biomasses, where the lipids forwarded directly for use in energy or steam generation and/or sent to a transesterification step for production of biodiesel, from which residual glycerol is recirculated as a raw material for the production of the oil-producing microbial biomass. The sugar cane derivatives are concentrated and detoxified hydrolyzed sugar cane bagasse, juice, molasses, brown and/or white sugar. The sugar cane bagasse suffering pre-treatment to change the size and structure of lignocellulose fibers, micro and macroscopically, and change their chemical composition and submicroscopical structure before being hydrolyzed, where the pre-treatment effected by physical, physical/chemical and/or chemical, biological method (preferably by mechanical grinding or milling, being then hydrolyzed by chemical or enzymatic method). The pre-treated dry sugar cane bagasse with particles of about 0.1-0.8 mm being hydrolyzed at about 125 degrees C for a period of about twenty minutes, using for each 1 kg of dry matter about 120 grams of concentrated sulfuric acid, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 being hydrolyzate concentrated and detoxified. The process involves preparing an inoculate of the strain Rhodospohdium toruloides of A25 in solid Yeast Medium (YM medium), which is submitted to growth in a stove at about 30 degrees C for five days and incubation for a period of about 72 hours, where the YM medium composed by glucose (10 g/l), peptone (5.0 g/l), yeast extract (3.0 g/l), malt extract (3.0 g/l), Agar (20 g/l) and pH 5. The oil-producing microbial biomass is produced in a bioreactor provided with mechanical shaking for a period of about 24-150 hours at a carbon/nitrogen ratio varying about 0.5-500, pH of 2.5-8.5, and temperature of 10-50 degrees C, where the culture medium aerated with a volume of air of 0.1-5 volume of air per volume of medium per minute. The oil-producing microbial biomass involves: preparation of a pre-inoculate medium comprising glucose (10 g/l), peptone (5 g/l), yeast extract (3 g/l) and malt extract (3 g/l); preparation of an adaptation medium comprising sugar cane molasses (10 g/l), concentrated and detoxified sugar cane bagasse hydrolyzate (5 g/l), glycerol (5 g/l) and yeast extract (5 g/l); and propagation medium comprising sugar cane molasses (40 g/l), concentrated and detoxified sugar cane bagasse hydrolyzate (30 g/l), glycerol (30 g/l), yeast extract(5 g/l), urea (2.5 g/l) and antifoaming (0.5 ml/l), where all these media developed under pH of 5. The step of production of algal biomass involves: adaptation of the microalga in residual broth of oil-producing microbial biomass in cultures incubated for a period of about fifteen days, during which they are kept under temperature of 25 degrees C ( plus minus 2 degrees C), shaking of about 110 rotation per minute (rpm), about 1500 Lux of lightning irradiation intensity for twelve-hour periods alternating with twelve hours of darkness, where the algal biomass formed, filtered, washed with distilled water and dried for 24 hours in a stove at about 100 degrees C; preparation of an inoculate for the cultivation of the microalga in a residual broth of oil-producing microbial biomass or a mixture of broth+water, where the initial concentration of the microalga adapted with minimum values of 0.2 g/l; and activation, by active culture (inoculate), of photo bioreactors containing residual broth of oil-producing microbial biomass, which are provided with shaking and aeration through a flow of atmospheric air of about 1 volume of air per volume of medium with controlled temperature of 30 degrees C ( plus minus 2 degrees C), where the photo bioreactors has illumination of about 1500 Lux for a time of cultivation of about fifteen days; injection of residual carbon dioxide from the step of production of oil-producing microbial biomass within photo bioreactors, which are bubbled so to reach a concentration in dissolved form in the medium of about 0.1-30%; and separation or harvest of the algal biomass produced by centrifugation and/or filtering. The oil-producing algal and yeast biomasses passing through a process of cellular disruption to facilitate the extraction of their oils (lipids) through a Soxhlet-type extractor and by direct thermopressurized liquefaction. The lipids as extracted from microbial and algal oil-producing biomasses are transesterified for the production of biodiesel following a process in which residual glycerol is recirculated to feed the production bioreactor for oil-production microbial biomass. The lipids extracted from microbial and algal oil-producing biomasses are directly used as fuels to generate heat and/or steam, or as adjuvants to gross petroleum or its heavy fractions originating from refinement. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.