WO2008112291-A3  See also references of EP 2137318A2EP2137318-A2  ANANTHARAM P DADI ET AL: "Enhancement of Cellulose Saccharification Kinetics Using an Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Step", BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, WILEY&SONS, HOBOKEN, NJ, US, vol. 95, no. 5, 5 December 2006 (2006-12-05), pages 904-910, XP002470828, ISSN: 0006-3592, DOI: 10.1002/BIT.21047;  DADI A P ET AL: "Mitigation of cellulose recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis by ionic liquid pretreatment", APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, HUMANA PRESS, INC, UNITED STATES, vol. 137, 1 January 2007 (2007-01-01), pages 407-421, XP008089078, ISSN: 0273-2289, DOI: 10.1007/S12010-007-9068-9;  FORT D A ET AL: "Can ionic liquids dissolve wood? Processing and analysis of lignocellulosic materials with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride", GREEN CHEMISTRY, ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY, CAMBRIDGE, GB, vol. 9, 19 September 2006 (2006-09-19), pages 63-69, XP009095934, ISSN: 1463-9262, DOI: 10.1039/B607614A;  See also references of WO 2008112291A2US8030030-B2  Kilpelainen et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2007) 55: 9142-9148.;  English abstract for WO 2005090563 (Ohno et al.) downloaded from STN: file Caplus on Oct. 25, 2009.;  Tan et al. Green Chem. (2009) 11: 339-345.;  Dadi et al., "Enhancement of Cellulose Saccharification Kinetics Using an Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Step", Wiley InterScience, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 95, No. 5 (2006).;  Dadi, "Mitigation of Cellulose Recalcitrance to Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Ionic Liquid Pretreatment", Applied Biochemistry and biotechnology, vol. 136-140, Humana Press, Inc. (2007).;  Eggeman et al., "Process and Economic Analysis of Pretreatment Technologies", Bioresource Technology, vol. 96, pp. 2019-2025 (2005).;  Fort, "Can Ionic Liquids Dissolve Wood? Processing and Analysis of Lignocellulosic Materials with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride", The Royal Society of Chemistry, Green Chemistry, vol. 9, pp. 63-69 (2007).;  Ghose, "Measurement of Cellulase Activities", International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 257-268 (1987).;  Kilpelainen et al., "Dissolution of Wood in Ionic Liquids", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 55, pp. 9142-9148 (2007).;  Kim, "Pretreatment and Fractionation of Corn Stover by Ammonia Recycle Percolation Process", Bioresource Technology, vol. 96, pp. 2007-2013 (2005).;  Kim and Holzapple, "Lime Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover", Bioresource Technology, vol. 96, pp. 1994-2006 (2005).;  Lloyd and Wyman, Combined Sugar Yields for Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment Pretreatment of Corn Stover Followed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Remaining Solids, Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 1967-1977 (2005).;  Miller, Miller, "Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar", Analytical Chemistry, vol. 31, No. 3, Mar. 1959.;  Mosier et al., Optimization of pH Controlled Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Corn Stover, Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 1986-1993 (2005).;  Segal et al., "An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Diffractometer", Textile Research Journal, pp. 786-794 (1959).;  Swatloski et al., "Dissolution of Cellose with Ionic Liquids", Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 124, pp. 4974-4975 (2002).;  Teymouri et al., "Optimization of the Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX) Treatment Parameters for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover", Bioresource Technology, vol. 96, pp. 2014-2018 (2005).;  Wyman et al., "Coordinated Development of Leading Biomass Pretreatment Technologies", Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 1959-1966 (2005).;  Wyman, Comparative Sugar Recovery Data from Laboratory Scale Application of Leading Pretreatment Technologies to Corn Stover, Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 2026-2032 (2005).;  Zhang et al., 1-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride Room Temperature Ionic Liquid: A New and Powerful Nonderivatizing Solvent for Cellulose, American Chemical Society, Macromolecules, vol. 38, pp. 8272-8277 (2005).;  Zhang, "A Transition from Cellulose Swelling to Cellulose Dissolution by o-Phosphoric Acid: Evidence from Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Supramolecular Structure", Biomacromolecules, vol. 7, pp. 644-648 (2006).;  Zhang et al, "Fractioning Recalcitrant Lignocellulose at modest Reaction Conditions", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 214-223, Jun. 2007.;  Non-Final Office Action mailed May 8, 2009 in U.S. Appl. No. 11/710,357, now U.S. Patent No. 7,674,608.;  Co-Pending U.S. Appl. No. 12/687,049, filed Jan. 13, 2010, entitled "Saccharifying Cellulose".;  International Search Report mailed Oct. 3, 2008 for International Patent Application No. PCT/US2008/03357.US8546109-B2  Li et al. Holzforschung (2004) 58: 280-285.;  Dam, et al. Enhancement of Cellulose Saccharification Kinetics Using an Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Step, Biotech. and Bioeng., 2006, 95(5):904-910.;  Dadi, et al. Mitigation of Cellulose Recalcitrance to Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Ionic Liquid Pretreatment, App. Biochem. Biotech., 2007, 136-140:407-421.;  Eggeman, et al. Process and Economic Analysis of Pretreatment Technologies, Bioresource Tech., 2005, 96:2019-2025.;  Fort, et al. Can Ionic Liquids Dissolve Wood? Processing and Analysis of Lignocellulosic Materials with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, Royal Soc. of Chem., Green Chem., 2007, 9:63-69.;  Ghose, Measurement of Cellulase Activities, Int Union of Pure and App Chem, 1987, 59(2):257-268.;  Kilpelainen, et al. Dissolution of Wood in Ionic Liquids, J. Agri. Food Chem., 2007, 55:9142-9148.;  Kim, et al. Pretreatment and Fractionation of Corn Stover by Ammonia Recycle Percolation Process, Bioresource Tech, 2005, 96:2007-2013.;  Kim, et al. Lime Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover, Bioresource Tech., 2005, 96:1994-2006.;  Lloyd, et al. Combined Sugar Yields for Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment Pretreatment of Corn Stover Followed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Remaining Solids, Bioresource Tech, 2005, 96:1967-1977.;  Miller, Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar, Analcal Chem, 1959, 31(3): 426-428.;  Mosier, et al. Optimization of pH Controlled Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Corn Stover, Bioresource Tech, 2005, 96:1986-1993.;  Segal, et al. An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Diffractometer, Textile Res J, 1959, 29:786-794.;  Swatloski, et al. Dissolution of Cellose with Ionic Liquids, J Am Chem Soc, 2002, 124:4974-4975.;  Teymouri, et al. Optimization of the Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX) Treatment Parameters for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover, Bioresource Tech, 2005, 96:2014-2018.;  Wyman, et al. Coordinated Development of Leading Biomass Pretreatment Technologies, Bioresource Tech, 2005, 96:1959-1966.;  Wyman, et al. Comparative Sugar Recovery Data from Laboratory Scale Application of Leading Pretreatment Technologies to Corn Stover, Bioresource Tech, 2005, 96:2026-2032.;  Zhang, et al. 1-Ally1-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride Room Temperature Ionic Liquid: A New and Powerful Nonderivatizing Solvent for Cellulose, Macromolecules, 2005, 38:8272-8277.;  Zhang, A Transition from Cellulose Swelling to Cellulose Dissolution by o-Phosphoric Acid: Evidence from Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Supramolecular Structure, Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7:644-648.;  Zhang, et al. Fractioning Recalcitrant Lignocellulose at modest Reaction Conditions, Biotech and Bioeng, Jun. 2007, 97(2):214-223.;  ISR, PCT/US2008/03357, Oct. 3, 2008, 4 pages.;  EP International Search Report (PCT/ISA/220) of PCT-US11-45090 dated Dec. 10, 2011.;  EP Written Opinion (PCT/ISA/237) of PCT-US11-45090 dated Dec. 29, 2011.;  EP Search History/Complete Classification Search Report of PCT-US11-45090 dated Dec. 10, 2011.;  Dadi, et al. (2006) Biotechnology and Bioengineering 95(5): 904-910.;  Dadi, et al. (2007) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 137: 407-421.;  Fort, et al. (2006) Green Chemistry 9: 63-69.;  Ionic Liquids (Sigma-Aldrich Website) [downloaded Jun. 12, 2012].;  Dadi, et al. "Enhancement of Cellulose Saccharification Kinetics Using an Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Step", Wiley InterScience, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 95, No. 5 (2006), pp. 905-910.;  Dadi, "Mitigation of Cellulose Recalcitrance to Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Ionic Liquid Pretreatment", Applied Biochemistry and biotechnology, vol. 136-140, Humana Press, Inc. (2007), pp. 407-421.;  Ohno, et a.. Development of ionic liquids for Dissolving and Preserving DNA & RNA, CAPLUS Oct. 25, 2009 [Abstract Only] (corresponds to WO 2005/090563).;  Earle & Seddon (2000) Pure Appl. Chem. 72(7): 1391-1398.;  Wasserscheid & Keim (2000) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39: 3772-3789 [Abstract].;  Sigma-Aldrich website "Ionic Liquids" (Jun. 6, 2012) (http://www.sigmaaldrich.comichemistry/chemistry-products.html?TablePage=16255866).CN101765663-B  FORT D A. ET AL.Can inoic biosolids dissolve wood Processing and analysis of lignocellulosic K with 1-n-butyl-3-tetrafluoroborate chloride. "GREEN CHEMISTRY". 2006, full text.;  ANANTHARAM P DADI ET AL.Enhancement cllulose saccharification kinetics using an inoic liquid addition step. "BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING". 2006, full text.;  DADI AP ET AL.Mitigation means hydrolysis by mS/cm liquid addition of recalcitrance to ceelulose. "Applied BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY". 2007, full text.