TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The condenser is located in proximity to an object, medium or space to be heated. The evaporator is located in proximity to an object, medium or space to be cooled. The apparatus fabricated as a refrigerator, freezer, ice machine, air conditioner, industrial cooling system, heater or heat pump. Preferred Process: The process involves separating from the refrigerant vapor any ionic liquid present.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The refrigerant is selected from CHClF2 (R-22), CHF3 (R-23), CH2F2 (R-32), CH3F (R-41), CHF2CF3 (R-125), CH2FCF3 (R-134a), CHF2OCHF2 (E-134), CH3CClF2 (R-142b), CH3CF3 (R-143a); CH3CHF2 (R-152a), CH3CH2F (R-161); CH3OCH3 (E170), CF3CF2CF3 (R-218), CF3CHFCF3 (R-227ea), CF3CH2CF3 (R-236fa), CH2FCF2CHF2 (R-245ca); CHF2CH2CF3 (R-245fa), CH3CH2CH3 (R-290), CH3CH2CH2CH3 (R-600), CH(CH3)2CH3 (R-600a), CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (R-601), (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 (R-601a), CH3CH2OCH2CH3 (R-610), NH3, CO2 and/or CH3CH=CH2; or a refrigerant blend selected from R-404A, R-407A, R-407B, R-407C, R-407D, R-407E, R-410A, R-410B, R-413A, 417A, R-419A, R-420A, 80.6 wt.% R-134a and 19.4 wt.% R-142b; R-421A, R-421B, R-422A, R-422B, R-422C, R-422D, R423A, R-424A, R-425A, R-426A, R-427A, 2 wt.% R-32, 41 wt.% R-125, 50% R-143a and 7 wt.% R-134a; 10 wt.% R-32, 33 wt.% R-125, 36 wt.% R-143a and 21 wt.% R-134a; R-428A. and R-507A (preferably R-22, R-32, R-125, R-134a, R-404A, R-410A, R-413A, R-422A, R-422D, R-423A, R-426A, R-427A and/or R-507A). The refrigerant comprises at least one hydrofluorocarbon selected from trifluoromethane (HFC-23), difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), fluoroethane (HFC-161), R-404A, R-407C and/or R-410A (preferably HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, R-404aA, R-407C and/or R-410A). The refrigerant comprises at least one fluoroolefin selected from fluoroolefins of formula E- or Z-R11CH=CHR2, (where the total number of carbons in the compound is at least 5); cyclic fluoroolefins of formula cyclo-(CX=CY1(CZW')n-); or fluoroolefins selected from 2,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF2CF=CH2); 1,1,2-trifluoro-1-propene (CH3CF=CF2); 1,2,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH2FCF=CF2); 1,1,3-trifluoro-1- propene (CH2FCH=CF2); 1,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF2CH=CHF); 1,1,1 ,2,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF=CFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-1-butene (CF3CF2CF=CF2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF=CHCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF=CFCF3); 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene ((CF3)2C=CHF); 1,1,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2=CHCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2=CFCHFCF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2=CFCF2CHF2); 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF3CF2CF=CH2); 1,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CHCF2CF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF=CFCHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF=CFCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH=CFCF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH=CFCHF2); 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF2=CFCF2CH2F); 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF2=CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene (CH2=C(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCH=CFCF3); 1,1,1,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF3CH=CFCH2F); 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CF3CF2CH=CH2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CH=CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF=CFCF3); 2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CH2=CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,2,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF2CF=CHCHF2); 1,1, 2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-butene (CH3CF2CF=CF2); 1,1,2,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH2FCF=CFCHF2); 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF2=C(CF3)(CH3)); 2-(difluoromethyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH2=C(CHF2)(CF3)); 2,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CH2=CFCHFCF3); 1,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CFCH2CF3); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CHCHFCF3); 1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CHCF2CHF2); 1,2,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF=CFCHFCHF2); 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene (CH2=CHCF2CHF2); 1,1-difluoro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-propene (CF2=C(CHF2)(CH3)); 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF=C(CF3)(CH3)); 3,3-difluoro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-propene (CH2=C(CHF2)2); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF3CF=CHCH3); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CH3CF=CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF=CFCF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-1-pentene (CF2=CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene ((CF3)2C=CHCF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF=CHCF2CF3); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CH=CFCF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene (CHF=CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene (CF2=CHCF2CF2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene (CF2=CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CHF2CF=CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF=CFCF2CHF2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF=CFCHFCF3); 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CHF=CFCF(CF3)2); 1,1,2,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2=CFCH(CF3)2); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene (CF3CH=C(CF3)2); 1,1,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2=CHCF(CF3)2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentene (CH2=CFCF2CF2CF3); 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentene (CHF=CFCF2CF2CHF2); 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2=C(CF3)CF2CF3); 1,1,4,4,4- pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2=CHCH(CF3)2); 1,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CHF=CHCF(CF3)2); 1,1,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CF2=C(CF3)CH2CF3); 3,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene ((CF3)2CFCH=CH2); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (CF3CF2CF2CH=CH2); 2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (CH2=CFCF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,3,3,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF2=CHCF2CH2CF3); 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (CF3CF=C(CF3)(CH3)); 2,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2=CFCH(CF3)2); 1,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CHF=CHCH(CF3)2); 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene (CH2FCH=C(CF3)2); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene (CH3CF=C(CF3)2); 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene ((CF3)2C=CHCH3); 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene (CF3CF2CF=CHCH3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF3C(CH3)=CHCF3); 3,3,4,5,5,5- hexafluoro-1-pentene (CH2=CHCF2CHFCF3); 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2=C(CF3)CH2CF3); 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-1-hexene (CF3(CF2)3CF=CF2); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF=CFCF2CF3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-butene ((CF3)2C=C(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2CFCF=CFCF3); 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2C=CHC2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2CFCF=CHCF3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF2CH=CH2); 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-butene (CH2=CHC(CF3)3); 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-methyl-2-butene ((CF3)2C=C(CH3)(CF3)); 2,3,3,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pentene (CH2=CFCF2CH(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF=C(CH3)CF2CF3); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene (CF3CH=CHCH(CF3)2); 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-2-hexene (CF3CF2CF2CF=CHCH3); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro-1-hexene (CH2=CHCF2CF2CF2CHF2); 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2C=CHCF2CH3); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pentene (CH2=C(CF3)CH2C2F5); 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene (CF3CF2CF2C(CH3)=CH2); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2 -hexene (CF3CF2CF2CH=CHCH3); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-hexene (CH2=CHCH2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CF=CFC2H5); 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pentene (CH2=CHCH2CF(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF3CF=CHCH(CF3)(CH3)); 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentene ((CF3)2C=CFC2H5); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF=CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF=CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CH=CFCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF3CF=CHCF2CF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CH=CFCF2C2F5); 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF3CF2CF=CHCF2C2F5); CF2=CFOCF2CF3 (PEVE) or CF2=CFOCF3 (PMVE). The refrigerant preferably comprises R-125, R-134a, and at least two hydrocarbons each having eight or fewer carbon atoms, or R-125, R-134a, R-600 and R-601. The ionic liquid comprises an anion selected from (CH3CO2)-, (HSO4))-, (CH3OSO3)-, (C2H5OSO3)-, (AlCl4)-, (CO3)2-, (HCO3)-, (NO2)-, (NO3)-, (SO4)2-, (PO4)3-, (HPO4)2-, (H2PO4), (HSO3)-, (CuCl2)-, Cl-, Br-, I-, SCN-; fluorinated anion selected from (BF4)-, (PF6), (SbF6)-, (CF3SO3)-, (HCF2CF2SO3)-, (CF3HFCCF2SO3)-, (HCClFCF2SO3)-, ((CF3SO2)2N)-, ((CF3CF2SO2)2N)-, ((CF3SO2)3C)-, (CF3CO2)-, (CF3OCFHCF2SO3)-, (CF3CF2OCFHCF2SO3)-, (CF3CFHOCF2CF2SO3)-, (CF2HCF2OCF2CF2SO3)-, (CF2ICF2OCF2CF2SO3)-, (CF3CF2OCF2CF2SO3)-, ((CF2HCF2SO2)2N)-, ((CF3CFHCF2SO2)2N)- or F. The ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from list of 11 cations given in the specification e.g. pyridinium of formula (I), pyridazinium of formula (II), and imidazolium of formula (III) (preferably 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,3-dioctylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-heptyl-3 -methylimidazolium, 3-methyl-1-propylpyridinium, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium, tetradecyl(trihexyl)phosphonium or tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ions).R1 and R2=1-6C perfluoroalkyl;X, Y1, Z and W'=H or F;n=2 to 5;R1-R6=-CH3, -C2H5 (both optionally substituted by at least one Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 or SH), H, halo, G1, G2 or G3;G1=3-25C alkane or 3-25C alkene (both optionally having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, Si and S, and both optionally substituted by at least one Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 or SH);G2=6-20C unsubstituted ary1 or 3-25C unsubstituted heteroaryl (both having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, Si or S);G3=6-25C aryl or 3-25C heteroaryl (both optionally having 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, Si or S, and substituted by G4);G4=-CH3, -C2H5 (both optionally substituted by at least one Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 or SH), G5, OH, NH2 or SH;G5=3-25C alkane or 3-25C alkene (both optionally substituted by at least one Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH2 or SH).Optionally at least two of R1-R6 can together form a cyclic or bicyclic alkanyl or alkenyl group. At least one of R1-R6 is F.