NOVELTY - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises anode, cathode, and non-aqueous electrolyte including fluorine-containing compound and solvent. The anode contains anode active material which can occlude and discharge lithium ion reversibly. The anode active material has fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group on the surface.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as lithium ion secondary battery used as main power supply and back-up power supply for portable electronic devices e.g. mobile telephone, notebook-type personal computer and personal digital assistant, two-wheeled motor vehicle, electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, mobile information terminal and domestic use electric power storage apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is excellent in battery characteristics, and reduces dissolution of anode active material into non-aqueous electrolyte even when charged to high electric potential.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises anode, cathode, and non-aqueous electrolyte including fluorine-containing compound and solvent. The anode contains anode active material which can occlude and discharge lithium ion reversibly. The anode active material has fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group on the surface. The fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group is bonded with surface of anode active material through reactive functional group. The reactive functional group is alkoxysilane group and/or halogenated silane group. The fluorine-containing compound is fluorine-containing ether compound and/or fluorine-containing ester compound. The solvent is chosen from cyclic carbonate, chain-like carbonate, cyclic carboxylate, cyclic sulfone and/or chain-like sulfone. The anode active material is lithium-containing transition-metal complex oxide, where the transition metal is chosen from cobalt, nickel and/or manganese. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains lithium salt whose concentration is 1 mol/L or more.