TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: A photovoltaic apparatus comprises an optical fiber core; a radiation transmissive first electrode surrounding the optical fiber core; at least one photosensitive organic layer surrounding the first electrode and electrically connected to the first electrode; and a second electrode surrounding the organic layer and electrically connected to the organic layer. The apparatus further comprises an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the photosensitive organic layer. The exciton blocking layer is etched. The radiation transmissive first electrode comprises a radiation transmissive conducting oxide. The pixel comprises several photovoltaic cells are bundled. The optoelectronic device further comprises an array of pixels. The pixel of the array comprises several photovoltaic cells. Preferred Method: The method further involves removing the electrons into an external circuit. In the method, where electromagnetic radiation received has a wavelength of 400-800 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The upconverter material comprises a lanthanide series element (preferably erbium, ytterbium, dysprosium or holmium). The quantum dot comprises a III/V semiconductor material and/or II/VI semiconductor material. The counterfeiting dye comprises a phosphor, fluorophor, thermochromic chemical species and/or photochromic chemical species. The radiation transmissive conducting oxide comprises gallium indium tin oxide, indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, or zinc indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticle phase comprises fullerenes and/or carbon nanotubes. The fullerenes comprise 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl(6,6)C61. The donor material comprises organometallic compounds. The organometallic compounds comprise phthalocyanines and/or porphyrins.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photosensitive organic layer comprises a photoactive region. The photoactive region comprises at least one bulk heterojunction between a donor material and an acceptor material. The donor material comprises a polymeric phase and the acceptor material comprises a nanoparticle phase. The polymeric phase comprises a conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) and/or poly(3-octylthiophene). The photosensitive organic layer comprises at least one upconverter material, anti-stokes material, laser dye, anti-counterfeiting dye and/or quantum dot. The at least one or both ends of the indium tin oxide fiber or the optical fiber core is beveled. The indium tin oxide fiber or optical fiber core has a diameter of 10 microns to 1 mm. A radiation transmissive conducting oxide is disposed on a surface of the indium tin oxide fiber.