TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The photovoltaic device comprises a first component of a bulk heterojunction, where the first component is configured and dimensioned with a substantially uniform array of first structures fabricated from a mold, and each structure is substantially equivalent in three dimensional shape. The device further includes each first structure of the array of first structures having a substantially equivalent orientation with respect to adjacent first structures of the predetermined array forming a substantially uniform array; and a second component, where the second component comprises an array of second structures having three dimensional shapes configured and dimensioned to engage the array of predetermined three dimensional shapes of the first structures of the first component. The photovoltaic device containing the second component of the bulk heterojunction is deposited within interstitial space of the predetermined array of first structures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The three dimensional shape of the first structures of the first component is a cylinder, column or a linear structure. The predetermined array or substantially uniform array of first structures comprises a predetermined array having an overall dimension of greater than 1 (preferably greater than 10, especially greater than 20) square centimeter. The cross-sectional dimension of the three dimensional shape of the first structures of the first component is less than 95 (preferably less than 75, especially less than 40, particularly less than 10) nm. The three dimensional shapes of the second structures of the second component have a cross-sectional dimension of less than 100 (preferably less than 80, especially less than 50, particularly less than 10) nm. The three dimensional shape of the first structures of the first component comprises a cone. The substantially equivalently structured cavities comprises a cavity having a cross-sectional dimension of less than 100 nm. The first component comprises a metal oxide; a material selected from TiO2 (titania), P3HT (poly-3-hexyl thiophene), PCBM ((6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester), ITO (indium tin oxide), and PPV (poly-(phenylenevinylene); or an electron donating material. The second component is a light absorbing material. The three dimensional shape of the first component is crystalline, semicrystalline, or amorphous. The predetermined substantially uniform array of substantially similar three dimensional shaped first structures is prepared by molding the predetermined substantially uniform array of substantially similar three dimensional shaped first structures in the fluoropolymer mold. The mold comprises a fluoropolymer (preferably PFPE (perfluoropolyether) or a precursor from PFPE).