NOVELTY - Crude oil (P) is converted by: A. distillation and/or deasphalting; B. partial oxidation of asphaltene residues; C. vapor reforming a less than 5C hydrocarbon cut; D. mixing the synthesis gases from B. and C.; E. carrying out Fischer-Tropsch conversion to give liquid fractions and paraffin waxes; and F. hydrocracking the waxes, specifically to give cut(s) containing liquid hydrocarbons boiling below 340 degrees C.    USE - The process is useful for (i) refining or pre-refining crude oil (P), to remove most or all of the asphaltenes and provide asphaltene-free final products, and (ii) converting the removed asphaltenes into hydrocarbons. (P) is converted into valuable liquid products, i.e. heavy fuel-free synthetic crude oil ('syncrude'), motor fuels and petrochemical feedstocks (specifically liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, naphtha and diesel oil).    ADVANTAGE - (P) is converted entirely (apart from energy consumption losses) into valuable products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Conversion of crude oil (P) (specifically in an oil-producing region) involves:    (A) pretreating by distillation (PRE-DIST) and/or deasphalting (SDA) to give asphaltene residue(s) (R1) and asphalene-free first stream(s) (E1);    (B) partial oxidation (POX) of optionally diluted (R1) to give first synthesis gas (SG1) of hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H2/CO) ratio less than 1;    (C) vapor reforming a less than 5C hydrocarbon cut (at least 50 wt. % not from (P)) to give second synthesis gas (SG2) of hydrogen/carbon monoxide (H2/CO) ratio more than 3;    (D) mixing at least part of each of SG1 and SG2 to give synthesis gas (SG) of H2/CO ratio 1.2-2.5;    (E) carrying out Fischer-Tropsch conversion of SG (generally after preliminary purification (PUR-FT)) to give liquid fractions and paraffin waxes; and    (F) hydrocracking at least the majority of the waxes, specifically to give cut(s) containing liquid hydrocarbons boiling below 340 degrees C.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a plant for the process, including: an initial distillation unit for (P), producing distillate(s) and a first residue (AR); unit(s) for secondary fractionation of AR to give R1 and E1; a partial oxidation (POX) unit for R1, producing SG1; a vapor reforming unit (SMR) connected to an external source of less than 5C hydrocarbons, producing SG2; a mixing zone for SG1 and SG2, upstream of POX and SMR and producing SG; a unit (FT) for Fischer-Tropsch conversion of SG (generally after preliminary purification (PUR-FT)) to give liquid fractions and paraffin waxes; and a hydrocracking unit (HDK) for the paraffin waxes, connected upstream of the FT unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of one form of the plant for conversion of crude oil.    Crude oil supply line (1)    Sesalinated oil supply line (2)    Light stream outlet line (3a)    Mixing line (3b)    Vacuum distillation column supply line (4)    Vacuum distillate outlet line (5)    Vacuum residue outlet line (6)    Asphaltene-free oil circulation line (7)    Asphalt stream outlet line (8)    Diluent supply line (9)    First synthesis gas circulation line (10)    External hydrocarbon supply line (11)    Second synthesis gas circulation line (12)    Fischer-Tropsch unit supply line (13)    Hydrocracking unit supply line (14)    Recycling lines to vapor reforming unit (15a, 16)    Liquefied petroleum gas evacuation line (15b, 18b)    Naphtha evacuation lines (15c, 18a)    Light fraction recycling line (17)    Kerosene evacuation line (18c)    Diesel oil evacuation line (18d)    Desalinator (DES)    Hydrocracking (HDK)    Partial oxidation (POX)    Fractional distillation (PRE-DIST)    Preliminary purification unit for Fischer-Tropsch conversion (PUR-FT)    Fischer Tropsch conversion unit (FT)    Asphaltene removal unit (SDA)    Vapor reforming unit (SMR)    Vacuum distillation column (VAC-DIST)