TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate and the transparent tubular casing are made of aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, dichroic glass, germanium/semiconductor glass, glass ceramic, silicate/fused silica glass, soda lime glass, quartz glass, chalcogenide/sulfide glass, fluoride glass, a glass-based phenolic, flint glass, or cereated glass. The transparent tubular casing is made of plastic or glass. The fluid is air, water, nitrogen, or helium. The transparent conductive layer of a photovoltaic cell comprises carbon nanotubes, tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, doped zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide and/or boron doped zinc oxide indium-zinc oxide. The back-electrode of a photovoltaic cell is made of aluminum, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, rhodium, niobium, chromium, tantalum, titanium, steel, nickel, platinum, silver, gold and/or their alloy, indium tin oxide, titanium nitride, tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, doped zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide indium-zinc oxide, a metal-carbon black-filled oxide, a graphite-carbon black-filled oxide, a carbon blackcarbon black-filled oxide, a superconductive carbon blackfilled oxide, an epoxy, a conductive glass or a conductive plastic. The absorber layer comprises copper-indium-gallium-diselenide. The junction partner layer comprises indium selenide, indium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium indium selenide, cadmium zinc sulfide, zinc indium selenide, cadmium sulfide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide or doped zinc oxide. The intrinsic layer comprises an undoped transparent oxide. The intrinsic layer comprises undoped zinc oxide. The water resistant layer comprises clear silicone, silicon nitride, SiOxNy, silicon oxide or aluminum oxide, where x and y are integers. The antireflective coating comprises magnesium fluoride, silicon nitrate, titanium nitrate, silicon monoxide, or silicon oxide nitrite. The fluorescent material is copper-activated zinc sulfide, silver-activated zinc sulfide, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, strontium aluminate activated by europium, strontium titanium activated by praseodymium and aluminum, calcium sulfide with strontium sulfide with bismuth, copper and magnesium activated zinc sulfide and/or quantum dots of cadmium selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorescent material is a stilbene, trans- 1,2-diphenylethylene, (E)-1, 2-diphenylethene and/or umbelliferone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The filler layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, silicone, silicone gel, epoxy, polydimethyl siloxane, room-temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber, polyvinyl butyral, thermoplastic polyurethane, a polycarbonate, an acrylic, a fluoropolymer, or a urethane. The silicon oil is a polydimethylsiloxane polymer liquid and the dielectric gel is a mixture of a first silicone elastomer and a second silicone elastomer. The first silicone elastomer comprises dimethylvinyl-terminated dimethyl siloxane (60 wt.%) and silicate (3-7 wt.%). The second silicone elastomer comprises dimethylvinyl-terminated dimethyl siloxane (60 wt.%), hydrogen-terminated dimethyl siloxane (10-30 wt.%) and trimethylated silica (3-7 wt.%).