TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: In the anode catalyst layer a ratio of an amount of the black catalyst to an amount obtained by deducting an amount of the support from an entire weight of the supported catalyst is 75:25 to 25:75. The anode catalyst layer is formed by coating an electrolyte membrane or a gas diffusion layer with a catalyst ink that includes Pt-Ru black catalyst, supported Pt-Ru catalyst, a polymer ionomer and a solvent. The coating of the catalyst ink is conducted using any coating method selected from spray coating, tape casting, screen printing, blade coating, die coating and spin coating. In the membrane-electrode assembly the catalyst layer of the cathode electrode includes platinum or platinum-transition metal alloy catalyst and the gas diffusion layer includes a conductive substrate. The gas diffusion layer further includes a micropore layer formed on one surface of the conductive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon-based support is selected from carbon black, graphite, carbon nano tube, carbon fiber, and carbon nanoball. The conductive substrate is selected from a carbon paper, a carbon cloth and a carbon felt. The fuel is a liquid fuel selected from methanol, formic acid, ethanol, propanol, butanol and natural gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte membrane includes a polymer selected from perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, doped polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone, polysulfone, and their acids and bases. EXAMPLE - The platinum-ruthenium (Pt-Ru) black catalyst and the supported Pt-Ru/C catalyst were mixed followed by addition of nafion powder, at this time, ratio of an amount of black catalyst to an amount obtained by deducting an amount of support from a weight of supported catalyst was 1:1. The support of supported catalyst was carbon black. When the catalyst was mixed with nafion powder, the content of the nafion powder was 30 wt.%. Water, isopropanol, n-propanol and n-butylacetate were mixed and used as a solvent. The catalyst (2 mg/cm2 per unit area) was applied to a surface of a gas diffusion layer. In a catalyst layer of a cathode electrode, a gas diffusion layer was coated with a Pt black catalyst as conventionally. They were adhered together with a nafion-based polymer electrolyte membrane to obtain a membrane electrode assembly (test). A membrane-electrode assembly (control) was manufactured in the same way except a supported Pt-Ru/C catalyst was not used for the anode electrode and only Pt-Ru black catalyst (4 mg/cm2) was used for the anode electrode. Both the assemblies were evaluated for a current-voltage curve and a long-term performance at constant current. The test showed a current-voltage curve in which an initial performance was in the same level and a long-term performance at constant current was more excellent as time goes, though an amount of catalyst was decreased in half.