US9040816-B2  Nozik, "Quantum Dot Solar Cells", Physica E, 2002.;  Nanorainbows: Graded Semiconductor Films from Quantum Dots, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001.;  Fujimoto et al., "Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrospray Coating Using TiO2 Nanocrystal Dispersion Solution", Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Mar. 14, 2006.;  www.crititech.com/technology, website, (Jun. 5, 2002), 5 pages.;  et al., "State of the art overiview and forecasts based on existing information of nanotechnology in the field of nanomaterials", Work Documents on Nanomaterials, (2004),75 pages.;  Adachi, M. , et al., "High-efficiency unipolar aerosol charger using a radioactive alpha source", Aerosols : Science, Industry, Health, and Environment : Proceedings of the Third International Aerosol Conference,, Sep. 24-27, 1990, Kyoto International Conference Hall, Kyoto, Japan / editors, Senichi Masuda, Kanji Takahashi ; Pergamon Press, NY,(1990),439-441.;  Adachi, M. , et al., "Unipolar and Bipolar Diffusion Charging of Ultrafine Aerosol Particles", J. Aerosol Sci., 16(2), (1985), 109-123.;  Alexis, Frank , et al., "In vitro study of release mechanisms of paclitaxel and rapamycin from drug-incorporated biodegradable stent matrices.", Journal of Controlled Release, 98(1), (2004),67-74.;  Buscher, P. , et al., "Performance of a unipolar square wave diffusion charger with variable nt-product", J. Aerosol Sci., 25(4), (1998),651-663.;  Chen, D. , et al., "Design and Evaluation of a Nanometer Aerosol Differential Mobility Analyzer (Nano-DMA)", J. Aerosol Sci.,29(5/6), (1998),497-509.;  Chen, Da-Ren , et al., "Electrospraying of Conducting Liquids for Monodisperse Aerosol Generation in the 4nm to 1.8nm Diameter Range", J.Aerosol Sci., 26(6), (1995),963-977.;  Chen, Da-Ren , et al., "Experimental Investigation of Scaling Laws of Electrospraying: Dielectric Constant Effect", Aerosol Science and Technology; 27(3), (1997),367-380.;  Fuchs, N. A., "On the Stationary Charge Distribution on Aerosol Particles in a Bipolar Ionic Atmosphere", Geodis: Pura. Appl.; vol. 56, (1963),185-193.;  Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso , "Generation of Steady Liquid Microthreads and Micron-Sized Monodisperse Sprays in Gas Streams.", Phys. Rev. Lett., 80(2), (1998), 285-288.;  Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M., "New microfluidic technologies to generate respirable aerosols for medical applications", J. of Aerosol Sci., 30(Suppl. 1), (1993), S541-S542.;  Hoppel, W. A., et al., "The Nonequililbrium Character of the Aerosol Charge Distribution Produced by Neutralizers", Aerosol Sci. & Technol., 12, (1990),471-496.;  Jouyban, A , et al., "A simple relationship between dielectric constant of mixed solvents with solvent composition and temperature", Int J Pharm., 269(2), (2004), 353-60.;  Lui, Benjamin , et al., "On unipolar dissision charging of aerosol particles in the continuum regime", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 58, (1977),142-149.;  Pui, David , et al., "Nanometer Particles: A New Frontier for Multidisciplinary Research", J. Aerosol Sci., 28(4), (1997), 539-544.;  Pui, D. , et al., "Unipolar Diffusion Charging Ultrafine Aerosols", Aerosol Sci. Techn., 8, (1988), 173-187.;  Puskas, Judit E., et al., "Polyisobutylene-based biomaterials", Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 42(13), (2004), 3091-3109.;  Ranade, S. V., et al., "Physical characterization of controlled release of paclitaxel from the TAXUS Express2 drug-eluting stent", J Biomed Mater Res A., 71(4), (2004), 625-34.;  Re, Maria-Ines , "Formulating Drug Delivery Systems by Spray Drying", Drying Technology, 24(4), (2006), 433-446.;  Romay, Francisco J., et al., "Free electron charging of ultrafine aerosol particles", J. Aerosol Sci, 23(7), (1992),679-692.;  Romay, Francisco J., et al., "On the Combination coefficient of positive ions with ultrafine neutral particles in the transition and free_molecule regimes", Aerosol Sci. Techn., 17, (1992), 134-147.;  Romay, Francisco J., et al., "Unipolar Diffusion Charging of Aerosol Particles at Low Pressure", Aerosol Sci. Techn, 15, (1991),60-68.;  Rulison, A. J., et al., "Scale-up of electrospray atomization using linear arrays of Taylor cones", Review of Scientific Instruments, 64(3), (1993), 683-686.;  Salata, Oleg V., et al., "Tools of Nanotechnology: Electrospray", Current Nanoscience, 1(1), (2005), 25-33.;  Shi, Y. , et al., "Current advances in sustained-release systems for parenteral drug delivery", Expert opinion on Drug Delivery, 2(6), (2005), 1039-58.;  Songstad, D. D., et al., "Advances in alternative DNA delivery techniques", Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 40, (1995), 1-15.;  Szycher, M. , et al., "Drug-eluting stents to prevent coronary restenosis", http://www.implantsciences.com/pdf/IMXpaperv2-rev2.pdf, (2002) ,1-10.;  Verhoeven, M. , et al., "DSIMS characterization of a drug-containing polymer-coated cardiovascular stent", J. Controlled Release, 96, (2004),113-121.;  Wiedensohler, A. , et al., "A novel unipolar charger for ultrafine aerosol particles with minimal particle losses", J. Aerosol Sci., 25(4), (1994),639-650.;  Yokoyama, T. , et al., "Nanoparticle Technology for the Production of Functional Materilas", Hosokawa Powder Technology Research Institute, KONA No. 23, (2005), 7-17.;  Young, Timothy J., et al., "Phospholipid-Stabilized Nanoparticles of Cyclosporine A by Rapid Expansion from Supercritical to Aqueous Solution", AAPS Pharm. SciTech. 5(1) Article 11, (2003), 1-16.;  BINKS Electrostatic spray painting equipment, Product Literature, 7 pages.;  "Final Program_Minnesota Nanotechnology Summit", Minnesota Nanotechnology Summit: Opportunities and Challenges, http://www.particlesociety.org/Spring2000.html Minneapolis, MN, (Mar. 17, 2000), 4 pgs.;  "International Application Serial No. PCT/US2007/002718, International Preliminary Report on Patentability mailed Aug. 14, 2008", 12 pgs.;  "Small Dots, Fine Patterning", Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., [Online]. Retrieved from the Internet: http://jp.hamamatsu.com/en/rd/publication/nature/common/pdf/nature_0803.pdf, (Mar. 2008), 1 pg.