TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Nucleic Acid: The probe for identification of nucleic acid (N1) comprises 10 or more consecutive bases of sequence (S1). The sequence identities are determined by analysis with a sequence comparison algorithm or by a visual inspection. The sequence identity is over the full-length of a gene or transcript. The sequence comparison algorithm is a BLAST version 2.2.2 algorithm where a filtering setting is set to blastall-pblastp-d-"nr pataa"-F F, and all other options are set to default. Preferred Entity: The expression cassette comprises a nucleic acid comprising sequence (S1). The vector comprises nucleic acid (N1) operably linked to a promoter. The cloning vehicle comprises nucleic acid (N1). The cloning vehicle comprises viral vector, plasmid, phage, phagemid, cosmid, fosmid, bacteriophage or artificial chromosome. The viral vector comprises an adenovirus vector, retroviral vector or adeno-associated viral vector. The cloning vehicle comprises bacterial artificial chromosome, plasmid, bacteriophage Pl-derived vector, yeast artificial chromosome, or mammalian artificial chromosome. The transformed cell comprises (N1) or the expression cassette. The transgenic non-human animal is mouse comprising (N1). The transgenic plant includes plant, plant cell, seed, plant product, plant tissue or plant part, which comprises (N1), or the vector, or cloning vehicle. The antisense oligonucleotide comprises a nucleic acid sequence complementary to or capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions to the nucleic acid sequence (S1). The double-stranded inhibitory RNA (RNAi) molecule comprises a subsequence of the nucleic acid sequence (S1). The preparation is liquid, solid or gel protein preparation comprising (P1). The heterodimer comprises (P1) and a second domain, where the second domain is an epitope or a tag. The immobilized polypeptide is immobilized on cell, metal, resin, polymer, ceramic, glass, microelectrode, graphitic particle, bead, gel, plate, array or capillary tube. The array comprises the immobilized polypeptide or nucleic acid. The antibody specifically binds to the polypeptide (P1). Preferred Polypeptide: The isolated, synthetic or recombinant polypeptide (P1) comprises an amino acid sequence having 50-99% identity, or complete sequence identity to the sequence of (S2) over a region of 100 residues, or an amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleic acid (N1). The polypeptide (P1) comprises amino acid residue conservative substitution, where optionally conservative substitution comprises replacement of an aliphatic amino acid with another aliphatic amino acid, replacement of a serine with a threonine, replacement of an acidic residue with another acidic residue, replacement of a residue bearing an amide group with another residue bearing an amide group; exchange of a basic residue with another basic residue, or, replacement of an aromatic residue with another aromatic residue, or its combination, and optionally the aliphatic residue comprises alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine or its synthetic equivalent, the acidic residue comprises aspartic acid, glutamic acid or its synthetic equivalent, the residue comprising an amide group comprises aspartic acid, glutamic acid or its synthetic equivalent, the basic residue comprises lysine, arginine or its synthetic equivalent, or, the aromatic residue comprises phenylalanine, tyrosine or its synthetic equivalent. The polypeptide has an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity but lacks a signal sequence or a carbohydrate binding module, and further comprises a heterologous sequence. The heterologous sequence comprises a heterologous signal sequence, carbohydrate binding module, CD, or its combination, or heterologous epitope, purification tag or label. The polypeptide is in peptidomimetic form. The amylase and/or glucoamylase activity comprises a specific activity at 37 degrees C in the range 100-1000 units/mg of protein, 500-750 units/mg of protein, 500-1200 units/mg of protein, or 750-1000 units/mg of protein. The thermotolerance comprises retention of half of the specific activity of the amylase and/or glucoamylase at 37 degrees C after being heated to an elevated temperature. The thermotolerance comprises retention of specific activity at 37 degrees C in the range 500-1200 units/mg of protein after being heated to an elevated temperature. The polypeptide comprises glycosylation site. The glycosylation is an N-linked glycosylation. The polypeptide is glycosylated after being expressed in Pichia pastoris or Saccharomyces pombe. The polypeptide retains an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity at pH of 4.0-10.5. The amylase and/or glucoamylase activity comprises hydrolyzing glucosidic bonds. The amylase activity comprises a glucoamylase activity or a 1,4- alpha -D-glucan glucohydrolase activity. The glucoamylase activity comprises a alpha -glucosidase activity. The amylase activity comprises a alpha -amylase activity. The amylase activity comprises an exoamylase activity. The amylase activity comprises a beta -amylase activity. The glucosidic bonds comprise a alpha -1,4-glucosidic bond. The glucosidic bonds comprise a alpha -1,6-glucosidic bond. The amylase activity comprises hydrolyzing glucosidic bonds in polysaccharide, oligosaccharide, or starch. The amylase and/or glucoamylase activity further comprises hydrolyzing glucosidic bonds in the polysaccharide, oligosaccharide or starch to produce maltodextrin. The amylase and/or glucoamylase activity comprises cleaving a maltose or a D-glucose unit from non-reducing end of polysaccharide, oligosaccharide, or starch. The amylase and/or glucoamylase activity is thermostable and thermotolerant. The polypeptide retains an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity after exposure to 37-95 degrees C, 55-85 degrees C or 90-95 degrees C. The amylase and/or glucoamylase are a nonsurf ace- active amylase and/or glucoamylase or a surface-active amylase and/or glucoamylase. The amylase and/or glucoamylase is formulated in non-aqueous liquid composition, cast solid, granular form, particulate form, compressed tablet, gel form, paste or slurry form. The amylase and/or glucoamylase are active under alkaline conditions. The amylase and/or glucoamylase can hydrolyze granular starch at low temperature in the range of 30-40 degrees C and low pH in the range of pH 3.5-6.0. Preferred Organism: The cell is bacterial cell, mammalian cell, fungal cell, yeast cell, insect cell or plant cell. The transgenic plant is derived from Anacardium, Andropogoneae, Arachis, Asparagus, Atropa, Avena, Brassica, Ceiba, Citrus, Citrullus, Capsicum, Carthamus, Chenopodiaceae, Cocos, Coffea, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Daucus, Elaeis, Fragaria, Glycine, Gossypium, Grainier, Helianthus, Heterocallis, Hordeum, Hyoscyamus, Lactuca, Linum, Lolium, Lupinus, Lycopersicon, Malus, Manihot, Majorana, Medicago, Nicotiana, Olea, Oryza, Panieum, Pannisetum, Persea, Phaseolus, Pistachia, Pisum, Ponceau, Pyrus, Prunus, Raphanus, Ricinus, Secale, Senecio, Sinapis, Solanum, Sorghum, Theobromus, Trigonella, Triticum, Vicia, Vitis, Vigna or Zea. The plant is corn, soybean, sugar cane, sugar beet, switchgrass, Miscanthus, wheat, Brassica, cassava, cotton and barley, sorghum plant, palm, sunflower, rice, barley, peanut plant, sesame, potato plant, tomato plant, oilseed plant, rapeseed plant, soybean plant, grass, or tobacco plant. The seed is corn seed, wheat kernel, oilseed, rapeseed, soybean seed, palm kernel, sunflower seed, sesame seed, rice, barley, peanut or tobacco plant seed. Preferred Computer System: The system comprises a processor and a data storage device stored with polypeptide sequence or nucleic acid sequence, where the polypeptide sequence comprises sequence (S1). The computer system further comprises a sequence comparison algorithm and a data storage device having reference sequence stored thereon. The sequence comparison algorithm comprises a computer program that indicates polymorphisms. The computer system further comprises an identifier that identifies one or more features in the sequence. Preferred Medium: The readable medium is stored with a polypeptide sequence (S2) or nucleic acid sequence (S1). Preferred Method: Method of isolating or identifying polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity, involves providing the antibody, providing sample comprising polypeptides, and contacting the sample with the antibody, and isolating or identifying a polypeptide having an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity. Method for making an anti-amylase or an anti-glucoamylase antibody, involves administering to a non-human animal the nucleic acid (N1) or polypeptide (P1), in an amount sufficient to generate a humoral immune response, thus making an anti-amylase or an anti-glucoamylase antibody. Method for producing a recombinant polypeptide, involves providing the nucleic acid (N1) operably linked to a promoter, where the nucleic acid comprises the nucleic acid sequence, and expressing the nucleic acid under conditions that allow expression of the polypeptide, thus producing a recombinant polypeptide. The method further involves transforming a host cell with the nucleic acid followed by expressing the nucleic acid, thus producing a recombinant polypeptide in a transformed cell. Method for identifying a polypeptide having an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity, involves contacting the polypeptide with the substrate and detecting a decrease in the amount of substrate or an increase in the amount of a reaction product, where a decrease in the amount of the substrate or an increase in the amount of the reaction product detects a polypeptide having an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity. The substrate comprises a polysaccharide, oligosaccharide or starch. Method for identifying an amylase and/or a glucoamylase substrate, involves contacting the polypeptide (P1) with test substrate and detecting a decrease in the amount of substrate or an increase in the amount of reaction product, where a decrease in the amount of the substrate or an increase in the amount of a reaction product identifies the test substrate as an amylase and/or a glucoamylase substrate. Method for determining whether test compound specifically binds to a polypeptide, involves expressing the nucleic acid (N1) or vector comprising the nucleic acid (N1), or providing the polypeptide (P1), providing test compound, contacting polypeptide with test compound, and determining whether the test compound specifically binds to the polypeptide. Method for identifying a modulator of an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity, involves contacting the polypeptide (P1) with test compound and measuring an activity of the amylase and/or glucoamylase, where a change in the amylase and/or glucoamylase activity measured in the presence of the test compound compared to the activity in the absence of the test compound provides a determination that the test compound modulates the amylase and/or glucoamylase activity. The amylase and/or glucoamylase activity is measured by providing an amylase and/or a glucoamylase substrate and detecting a decrease in the amount of the substrate or an increase in the amount of a reaction product, or, an increase in the amount of the substrate or a decrease in the amount of a reaction product. The decrease in the amount of the substrate or an increase in the amount of the reaction product with the test compound as compared to the amount of substrate or reaction product without the test compound identifies the test compound as an activator of amylase and/or glucoamylase activity. An increase in the amount of the substrate or a decrease in the amount of the reaction product with the test compound as compared to the amount of substrate or reaction product without the test compound identifies the test compound as an inhibitor of amylase and/or glucoamylase activity. Method for identifying a feature in a sequence, involves reading the sequence using a computer program which identifies one or more features in a sequence, where the sequence comprises a polypeptide sequence or a nucleic acid sequence, and identifying one or more features in the sequence with the computer program. Method for comparing a first sequence to a second sequence, involves reading the first sequence and the second sequence through use of a computer program which compares sequences, where the first sequence comprises a polypeptide sequence or a nucleic acid sequence, and determining differences between the first sequence and the second sequence with the computer program. The determining step comprises determination of the differences between the first sequence and the second sequence. The method further comprises identifying polymorphisms. The method comprises reading the first sequence using a computer program and identifying one or more features in the sequence. Method for isolating or recovering a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity from an environmental sample, involves providing an amplification primer sequence pair mentioned above, isolating a nucleic acid from the environmental sample or treating the environmental sample such that nucleic acid in the sample is accessible for hybridization to the amplification primer pair, combining the nucleic acid with the amplification primer pair, and amplifying nucleic acid from the environmental sample, thus isolating or recovering a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity from an environmental sample; or the method optionally involves providing the polynucleotide probe mentioned above, isolating nucleic acid from the environmental sample or treating the environmental sample such that nucleic acid in the sample is accessible for hybridization to a polynucleotide probe, combining the isolated nucleic acid or the treated environmental sample with the polynucleotide probe, and isolating a nucleic acid that specifically hybridizes with the polynucleotide probe, thus isolating or recovering a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity from an environmental sample. Method of generating a variant of a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity, involves providing a template nucleic acid comprising the nucleic acid, and modifying, deleting or adding one or more nucleotides in the template sequence, or its combination, to generate a variant of the template nucleic acid. The method further comprises expressing the variant nucleic acid to generate a variant amylase and/or glucoamylase polypeptide. The modifications, additions or deletions are introduced by a method comprising error-prone PCR, shuffling, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, assembly PCR, sexual PCR mutagenesis, in vivo mutagenesis, cassette mutagenesis, recursive ensemble mutagenesis, exponential ensemble mutagenesis, site-specific mutagenesis, gene reassembly, gene site saturated mutagenesis, synthetic ligation reassembly and their combinations. The variant amylase and/or glucoamylase polypeptide is thermotolerant, and retains some activity after being exposed to an elevated temperature. The variant amylase and/or glucoamylase polypeptide has increased glycosylation as compared to the amylase and/or glucoamylase encoded by a template nucleic acid. The variant amylase and/or glucoamylase polypeptide has an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity under a high temperature, where the amylase and/or glucoamylase encoded by the template nucleic acid is not active under the high temperature. The method is iteratively repeated until an amylase and/or a glucoamylase coding sequence having an altered codon usage from that of the template nucleic acid is produced. The method is iteratively repeated until an amylase and/or a glucoamylase gene having higher or lower level of message expression or stability from that of the template nucleic acid is produced. Method for modifying codons in a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity to increase its expression in a host cell, involves providing a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity comprising the nucleic acid sequence, and identifying a non-preferred or a less preferred codon in the nucleic acid and replacing it with a preferred or neutrally used codon encoding the same amino acid as the replaced codon, where a preferred codon is a codon over-represented in coding sequences in genes in the host cell and a non-preferred or less preferred codon is a codon under-represented in coding sequences in genes in the host cell, thus modifying the nucleic acid to increase its expression in a host cell, or the method optionally involves providing nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide with an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity comprising the nucleic acid sequence, and identifying a codon in the nucleic acid and replacing it with a different codon encoding the same amino acid as the replaced codon, thus modifying codons in a nucleic acid encoding an amylase and/or a glucoamylase. Method for modifying codons in a nucleic acid encoding an amylase and/or a glucoamylase polypeptide to increase its expression in a host cell, involves providing a nucleic acid encoding an amylase and/or a glucoamylase polypeptide comprising the nucleic acid sequence, and identifying a non-preferred or a less preferred codon in the nucleic acid and replacing it with a preferred or neutrally used codon encoding the same amino acid as the replaced codon, where a preferred codon is a codon over-represented in coding sequences in genes in the host cell and a non-preferred or less preferred codon is a codon under-represented in coding sequences in genes in the host cell, thus modifying the nucleic acid to increase its expression in a host cell. Method for modifying a codon in a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide having an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity to decrease its expression in a host cell, involves providing a nucleic acid encoding an amylase and/or a glucoamylase polypeptide comprising the nucleic acid sequence, and identifying preferred codon in the nucleic acid and replacing it with a non-preferred or less preferred codon encoding the same amino acid as the replaced codon, where a preferred codon is a codon over-represented in coding sequences in genes in a host cell and a non-preferred or less preferred codon is a codon under-represented in coding sequences in genes in the host cell, thus modifying the nucleic acid to decrease its expression in a host cell. The host cell is bacterial cell, fungal cell, an insect cell, yeast cell, plant cell or mammalian cell. Method for producing a library of nucleic acids encoding a several modified amylase and/or glucoamylase active sites or substrate binding sites, where the modified active sites or substrate binding sites are derived from a first nucleic acid comprising a sequence encoding a first active site or a first substrate binding site, involves providing a first nucleic acid encoding a first active site or first substrate binding site, where the first nucleic acid sequence is (S1) or its subsequence, and the nucleic acid encodes an amylase and/or glucoamylase active site or an amylase and/or a glucoamylase substrate binding site, providing set of mutagenic oligonucleotides that encode naturally-occurring amino acid variants at a several targeted codons in the first nucleic acid, and using the set of mutagenic oligonucleotides to generate a set of active site-encoding or substrate binding site-encoding variant nucleic acids encoding a range of amino acid variations at each amino acid codon that was mutagenized, thus producing a library of nucleic acids encoding several modified amylase and/or glucoamylase active sites or substrate binding sites. Method for making a small molecule, involves providing several biosynthetic enzymes capable of synthesizing or modifying a small molecule, where one of enzymes comprises an amylase and/or a glucoamylase enzyme encoded by a nucleic acid comprising the nucleic acid sequence, providing a substrate for the enzymes, and reacting the substrate with the enzymes under conditions that facilitate several biocatalytic reactions to generate a small molecule by a series of biocatalytic reactions. Method for modifying a small molecule, involves providing an amylase and/or a glucoamylase enzyme, where the enzyme comprises the polypeptide, or a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid comprising a nucleic acid sequence (S1), providing a small molecule, and reacting the enzyme with the small molecule under conditions that facilitate an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by the amylase and/or glucoamylase enzyme, thus modifying a small molecule by an amylase and/or a glucoamylase enzymatic reaction. Several small molecule substrates for the enzyme, thus generating a library of modified small molecules produced by enzymatic reaction catalyzed by the amylase and/or glucoamylase enzyme. The method further involves several additional enzymes under conditions that facilitate a several biocatalytic reactions by the enzymes to form a library of modified small molecules produced by the several enzymatic reactions. The method further involves testing the library to determine a particular modified small molecule which exhibits a desired activity is present within the library. The method involves testing the library further comprises the steps of systematically eliminating all but one of the biocatalytic reactions used to produce a portion of the several the modified small molecules within the library by testing the portion of the modified small molecule for the presence or absence o of the particular modified small molecule with a desired activity, and identifying specific biocatalytic reaction that produces the particular modified small molecule of desired activity. Method for determining a functional fragment of an amylase and/or a glucoamylase enzyme, involves providing amylase and/or glucoamylase enzyme, where the enzyme comprises the polypeptide (P1), or a polypeptide encoded by nucleic acid (N1), and deleting several amino acid residues from the sequence and testing the remaining subsequence for an amylase and/or a glucoamylase activity, thus determining a functional fragment of an amylase and/or a glucoamylase enzyme. The amylase and/or glucoamylase activity is measured by providing an amylase and/or a glucoamylase substrate and detecting a decrease in the amount of the substrate or an increase in the amount of a reaction product. Method for whole cell engineering of new or modified phenotypes by using real-time metabolic flux analysis, involves making a modified cell by modifying the genetic composition of a cell, where the genetic composition is modified by addition to the cell of a nucleic acid comprising the nucleic acid sequence, culturing the modified cell to generate a several modified cells, measuring metabolic parameter of the cell by monitoring the cell culture in real time, and analyzing the data to determine if the measured parameter differs from a comparable measurement in an unmodified cell under similar conditions, thus identifying an engineered phenotype in the cell using real-time metabolic flux analysis. The genetic composition of the cell is modified by a method comprising deletion of a sequence or modification of a sequence in the cell, or knocking out the expression of a gene. The method further involves selecting a cell comprising a newly engineered phenotype. The method further involves culturing the selected cell, thus generating a new cell strain comprising a newly engineered phenotype. Method for hydrolyzing a polysaccharide, oligosaccharide or starch, involves providing a polypeptide having an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity (P1), providing a composition comprising a polysaccharide, oligosaccharide or starch, and contacting polypeptide with the composition under conditions where the polypeptide hydrolyzes the polysaccharide, oligosaccharide or starch. The composition comprises alpha -l,4-glucosidic bond or a alpha -1,6-glucosidic bond. Method for increasing thermotolerance or thermostability of an amylase and/or a glucoamylase polypeptide, involves glycosylating an amylase and/or a glucoamylase polypeptide, where the polypeptide comprises thirty contiguous amino acids of the polypeptide (P1), or a polypeptide encoded by nucleic acid (N1), thus increasing the thermotolerance or thermostability of the amylase and/or glucoamylase polypeptide. The amylase and/or glucoamylase specific activity is thermostable or thermotolerant at a temperature in the range from greater than 37-95 degrees C. Method for overexpressing a recombinant amylase and/or glucoamylase polypeptide in a cell, involves expressing a vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence having 50-99% sequence identity to nucleic acid (N1), where overexpression is effected by use of a high activity promoter, a dicistronic vector or by gene amplification of the vector. Method for making a transgenic plant, involves introducing a heterologous nucleic acid sequence into the cell, where the heterologous nucleic sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence, thus producing a transformed plant cell, and producing a transgenic plant from the transformed cell. The method further involves introducing the heterologous nucleic acid sequence by electroporation or microinjection of plant cell protoplasts. The method involves introducing the heterologous nucleic acid sequence directly to plant tissue by DNA particle bombardment. The method involves introducing the heterologous nucleic acid sequence into the plant cell DNA using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens host. Method for expressing a heterologous nucleic acid sequence in a plant cell, involves transforming the plant cell with a heterologous nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a promoter, where the heterologous nucleic sequence comprises the nucleic acid sequence, and growing the plant under conditions, where the heterologous nucleic acids sequence is expressed in the plant cell. The signal sequence comprising a peptide chosen from any one of 27 peptides provided in Table 1 of the specification. Preferred Composition: The pharmaceutical composition further comprises a latex polymer coating. The nucleic acid is operably linked to a plant promoter. The expression cassette further comprises a plant expression vector. The plant expression vector comprises a plant virus. The plant promoter comprises potato promoter, rice promoter, corn promoter, wheat or barley promoter. The promoter comprises a promoter derived from T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The promoter is a constitutive promoter. The constitutive promoter is CaMV35S. The promoter is an inducible promoter or a tissue-specific promoter. The tissue-specific promoter is seed- specific, leaf-specific, root-specific, stem-specific or abscission-induced promoter. The plant cell is potato, rice, corn, wheat, tobacco or barley cell. Preferred Chimeric Protein: The chimeric protein comprises a first domain comprising the signal sequence, and a second domain. The protein is a fusion protein. The second domain comprises an enzyme. The enzyme is or comprises an amylase and/or a glucoamylase.