NOVELTY - The pentaphenylene derivative has general formulae (I-IV).    USE - Pentaphenylene derivative for use as photosensitizer in solar cells (all claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pentaphenylene derivative has general formulae (I-IV), are new.    X=O, S, C4H3O2N or C4H2N2;    R1, R2, R3 1-30C alkyl, whose carbon chains with one or multiple groups by -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -C=C-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2-, whose carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple times by 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, -C=CR4, -CR4=CR42, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, cyano, nitro, -NR9R10, -NR5COR6, -CONR5R6, -SO2NR5R6, -COOR7, - SO3R7, -PR72 ,-POR7R7, (hetero)aryl or saturated or unsaturated with 4-7C cycloalkyl, whose carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple times by -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -C=C-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2-, where (hetero)aryl- and cycloalkyl residue is substituted single or multiple times with 1-18C alkyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, which carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple groups -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -C=C-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2- which is broken or substituted single or multiple times with 5-7 membered ring, which carbon skeleton is single or multiple times from -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -C=C-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2-, where the ring system is substituted single or multiple times by, 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, -C=CR4, -CR4=CR42, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, cyano, nitro, -NR9R10, -NR5COR6, -CONR5R6, -SO2NR5R6, -COOR7, - SO3R7, -PR72 ,-POR7R7, aryl or heteroaryl, in which saturated or unsaturated 5-7 membered rings are annelated, whose carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple groups -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2-, where the entire ring system is substituted once or multiple times by 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, -C=CR4, -CR4=CR42, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, cyano, nitro, -NR9R10, -NR5COR6, -CONR5R6, -SO2NR5R6, -COOR7, - SO3R7, -PR72 ,-POR7R7, (hetero)aryl, (hetero)aryloxy or (hetero)arylthio, where the (hetetro)aryl residue is substituted once or multiple times with 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, -C=CR4, -CR4=CR42, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, cyano, nitro, -NR9R10, -NR5COR6, -CONR5R6, -SO2NR5R6, -COOR7, - SO3R7, -PR72 ,-POR7R7, where R4=H or 1-18C alkyl, R5, R6=H, 1-18C alkyl, whose carbon chain one or multiple groups by -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2- where the ring system is substituted once or multiple times by 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, cyano, nitro, -COOR8, H, 1-18C alkyl, residue is substituted once or multiple times with -O, -S, -CO, or -SO2, whose carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple groups 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, cyano, nitro or -COOR8, R7=1-18C alkyl, whose carbon chains one or multiple groups by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2-, whose carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple groups 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, hydroxy, mercapto, halogen, cyano, nitro, or COOR8, R8=1-18C alkyl, R9, R10=1-30C aIkyI, whose carbon chain one or multiple groups by -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -C=C-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2-, whose carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple groups 1-12 alkoxy, 1-6 alkylthio, -CR4, -CR4=CR42, hydroxy, -NR5R6, -NR5COR6, (hetero)aryI or saturated or unsaturated 4-7C cycloalkyl, whose carbon skeleton is substituted one or multiple times by O, S, -NR4, -N=CR4 or -CR4=CR4, aryl or heteroaryl, in which saturated or unsaturated 5-7 membered rings are annelated, whose carbon skeleton is broken by one or multiple groups -O-, -S-, -NR4-, -N=CR4-, -CR4=CR4-, -CO-, -SO- or -SO2-, where the entire ring system is substituted once or multiple times by 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, 1-6C alkylthio, -C=CR4, -CR4=CR42, hydroxy, -NR5R6, -NR5COR6, (hetero)aryl, (hetero)aryloxy or (hetero)arylthio, where the (hetetro)aryl residue is substituted once or multiple times with 1-18C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, hydroxy, NR5R6, -NR5COR6;    D=a residue of general formula (V) or (VI) or H; and    A=COOH, -SO3H, -PO3H2, -OH, Si(OR)3, where R=H, CH3 or C2H5, with one or multiple residue -COOH, -SO3H, -PO3H2, -OH, Si(OR)3, where R= H, CH3 or C2H5, a dicarbonic anhydride or group of dicarbonic acid imides substituted one or multiple times by 1-6C alkyl, 2-6C alkenyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, naphthyl or thiophenyl, where alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl or naphthyl or 1-12C alkyl, nitro, cyano or F, Cl, Br, or I or general formulae (VII-XVI).    -L-NRR' (V) -L-Z- R19 (VI) In general formulae (V-VI)    R, R', R19=same as variable group R1, R2, R3 of general formulae (I-IV); and    Z= O or S.    In formulae (VII-XVI)    Y=-CN, -NO2, -F, -Cl or 1-6C alkyl; and    n=0-3.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a solar cell.    Glass plate (1)    Platinum layer (3)    Electrolyte layer (4)    Sealings (8,9)    Silver pins (10, 11)