TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The ionic liquid electrolyte is formed of a transparent substrate layer, a conductive layer, a light absorbing layer, electrolyte layer and a counter electrode layer. Each middle portion of two transparent substrate layers is connected with the conductive layer, light absorbing layer, electrolyte layer and counter electrode layer. The light absorbing layer is formed of a semiconductor nanoparticles layer and a dye layer. The semiconductor nanoparticles layer is connected with the conductive layer. The dye layer is connected with the electrolyte layer. Preferred Component: The sodium salt is sodium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium dicyanamide, or cyanosodium. The potassium salt is potassium iodide, potassium chloride, potassium dicyanamide, or cyanopotassium. The cesium salt is cesium iodide, cesium triiodide, cesium chloride, cesium dicyanamide, cyanocesium. The magnesium salt is magnesium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium dicyanamide, cyanomagnesium. The conductive layer is formed of tin indium oxide, tin fluorine oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide, zinc oxide-aluminum oxide, tin oxide, tin antimony oxide and/or zinc oxide. The semiconductor nanoparticles layer comprises semiconductor nanoparticles chosen from silica, titania, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, vanadium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, iron oxide, niobium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, indium nitride, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, bismuth sulfide, lead sulfide, copper indium disulfide, copper indium diselenide. The dye layer comprises organic dye or ruthenium dye. The transparent substrate layer is formed of glass substrate or plastic. The electrolyte layer comprises ionic liquid electrolyte. The counter electrode layer comprises metal or semiconductor material having catalytic performance. Preferred Property: The semiconductor nanoparticles have average particle diameter of 0-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The organic cation has a positive charge of one unit. The ratio of ionic liquid comprising di(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion and ionic liquid comprising iodide ion is 4:1-1:2, preferably 2:1-1:1. The ratio of iodine and ionic liquid comprising iodide ion is 1:10-1:5. Preferred Process: The di(fluorosulfonyl)imide ionic liquid is a blend formed of two ionic liquids comprising di(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion, blend formed by mixing di(fluorosulfonyl)imide-1,3-dimethylimidazole and di(fluorosulfonyl)imide-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole in mole ratio of 1:2, and/or blend formed by mixing di(fluorosulfonyl)imide-1-methyl-3-propylimidazole, di(fluorosulfonyl)imide-1-methyl-3-allylpyrrole and di(fluorosulfonyl)imide-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole in mole ratio of 1:2:3. The ionic liquid comprising iodide ion is a blend formed by mixing at least two ionic liquids comprising iodide ion, blend formed by mixing 1,3-dimethylimidazole and iodo-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole in mole ratio of 1:1, and/or blend formed by mixing 1,3-dimethylimidazole, iodo-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole and iodo-1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole in mole ratio of 1:1:1. Preferred Component: The guanidine salt is guanidine sulfate, guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine nitrate, guanidine iodate or guanidine cyanate. The compound having nitrogen atom is N-substituted benzimidazole whose substituent is 1-6C alkyl or 6-14C aryl. The alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. The N-substituted benzimidazole is preferably N-methylbenzimidazole, N-ethylbenzimidazole, N-propylbenzimidazole, N-butylbenzimidazole, N-hexylbenzimidazole, 1-methyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole or 1,2-dimethylbenzimidazole. The reagent is acetonitrile, valeronitrile, methoxypropionitrile or furan. Preferred Property: The compound having nitrogen atom has pH value of 8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The plastic is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide, triacetyl cellulose and/or polyether sulfone. Preferred Definitions:    A+=organic cation of formula (1a-19a);    R1-R6=linear or branched 1-20C alkyl, double-bond linear or branched 1-20C alkenyl, three-bond linear or branched 2-20C alkenyl, saturated 3-7C epoxy, partially or completely saturated epoxy, H (when at least one of the substituents on the hetero atom is not H), halo (when halo-hetero atom bond does not exist), -NO2 (when the bond connected with the hetero atom with positive charge and at least one is not -NO2), or -CN (when the bond connected with the hetero atom with positive charge and at least one is not -CN), and R1-R6 are respectively bonded into pairs through single-bond or double-bond, or halo, -CN or -NO2 (when at least one is not halo) or are bonded in pairs by forming cyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic cation, or one or two of R1-R6 are substituted by hereto carbon atoms and/or are chosen from -O-, -C(O)-, C(O)O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -SO2-, -S(O)2O-, -N=, -P=, -NR'-, -PR'-, -P(O)(OR')-, -P(O)(OR')O-, -P(O)(NR'R')-, -P(O)(NR'R')O-, -P(O)(NR'R')NR', -S(O)NR'- or -S(O2)NR'-;    R'=H, optionally fluorinated phenyl;    X=nitrogen or phosphate;    M=oxygen, sulfur or selenium;and    R'=CH3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -CH(CH3)2, -C4H9, -C(CH3)3, C5H11, -C6H13, -C7H15, -C8H17, -C9H19, -C10H21, -C12H25, -C20H41, -OCH3, -OCH(CH3)2, -CH2OCH3, -C2H4OCH(CH3)2, -SCH3, -SCH(CH3)2, -C2H4SC2H5, -C2H4SCH(CH3)2, -S(O)CH3, -SO2CH3, -SO2C2H5, -SO2C3H7, -SO2CH(CH3)2, -CH2SO2CH3, -OSO2CH3, -OSO2CF3, -CH2NHC2H5, -N(CH3)C3H5, -N(CH3)CF3, -O-C4H8-O-C4H9, -S-C2H4-N(C4H9)2, -OCF3, -S(O)CF3, -SO2CF3, -CF3, -C2F5, -C3F7, -C4F9, -C(CF3)3,-CF2SO2CF3, -C2F4N(C2F5)C2F5, -CF=CF2, -C(CF3)=CFCF3, -CF2CF=CFCF3, -CF=CFN(CF3)CF, -CFH2, -CHF2, -CH2CF3, -CZF2H3, -C3FH6, -CH2C3F7, -C(CFH2)3, -CHO, -C(O)OH, -CHC(O)OH, -CH2C(O)C2H5, -CH2C(O)OCH3, -CH2C(O)OC2H5, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)OCH3, or group of formula (a-x).