TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The switching is a p-n junction, a n-p junction, or a p-i-n junction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The elongated nanocrystals are nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanodipods, nanotripods, nanotetrapods, nanostars, metallic conductors, or semiconductors. The elongated nanocrystals are made of gold, silver, copper, or indium doped tin oxide; or made of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, osmium, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, boron, gallium, indium, arsenic, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and aluminum, or their oxides and sulfides, preferably the elongated nanocrystals are made of zinc oxide, zinc sulfide and titanium dioxide. The nanocomposite material comprises metallic and semiconducting nanocrystals grafted with an organic compound with metallic, p-type or n-type charge carrier transport properties forming p-n, p-p, n-n, m-m, m-p, or m-n intrananoparticle junctions, m, n and p are organic or inorganic metallic, n-type and p-type semiconducting properties, respectively. The metallic and semiconducting nanocrystals may form p-type intrinsic n-type (p-i-n), p-i-p, n-i-n, m-i-m, m-i-p or m-i-n junctions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic compound is a compound of formula: A-L-Y'-Z-X, and forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) which is crystalline or amorphous.A=anchoring moiety, preferably carboxylic acid, amine, phosphonic acid, phosphate, thio or silane;L=non-conducting moiety, preferably saturated hydrocarbon;Y'=electrically conducting moiety comprising pentacene, anthracene, phthalocyanines, porphyrins, fullerenes, oligothiophenes, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), polypyrrole, chlorophylls, bacterio-chlorophylls or carotenoids;Z=solubilizing moiety and unconjugated hydrocarbon, straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated 1-20C alkyl (preferably n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl or n-octyl); andX=stabilizing moiety capable of forming hydrogen bonds including OH, amino, amide or COOH.Preferred Properties: The SAM comprises two organic compounds with different absorption spectra and different charge carrier transport. EXAMPLE - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 288.8 mg, 7.22 mmol) and methanol (23 mL) were sonicated until a fine dispersion is obtained. Zinc acetate (818.2 mg, 4.46 mmol), methanol (42 mL) and water were sonicated in another container until completed dissolution, and heated while stirring at 60 degrees C. The NaOH solution was added dropwise to the zinc acetate solution under argon atmosphere, reacted for 2 hours and 15 minutes at 60 degrees C, condensed to 10 mL at 55 degrees C under reduced pressure, and heated at 60/oC for 48 hours. The obtained dispersion was then decanted and transferred in a distillation flask, added with methanol (50 mL), stirring for 5 minutes, allowed to decant, and supernatant was removed to obtain zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The nanorods in methanol (50-70 mg/mL) was mixed with a solution of semiconducting oligothiophene (AO) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) while stirring and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 days, centrifuged, and washed repeatedly with THF until UV-visible absorption spectrum of supernatant did not show absorption in the transition bands of the AO chromophore to prepare a hybrid nanocomposite.