TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the biocatalyst provided is selected to convert at least one lignin derived organic compound comprising p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, vanillate, and other monomeric aromatic compounds of lignin origin into the biofuel. The culture medium includes acetate, and where the biocatalyst is selected to convert the feedstock with the at least two sugars and the acetate into the biofuel. Preferably, the culture medium includes acetate, and where the biocatalyst is selected to convert at least 80-99% of the feedstock with the at least two sugars and the acetate into the biofuel. The biocatalyst provided includes DNA comprising natural DNA. The byproducts account for less than about 5% of the total product in the fermentation broth. Preferably, the byproducts are selected from acetate, lactate, butyrate, isobutyrate, acetolactate, acetoin, ethanol, isopentanol, isobutyrylaldehyde. The biocatalyst is operable at a pH value between about 2-10 to produce the biofuel. It retains at least 50% productivity in the presence of a second pH value, where the second pH value represents an increase or decrease from a first pH value. The biocatalyst is selected to have a recoverable productivity from a sudden change of about 2-3 pH units from the first pH value. It is operable within a temperature range of about 20-50 degrees C to produce the biofuel. The biocatalyst retains at least 50% productivity in the presence of a second temperature value, where the second temperature value represents an increase or decrease from a first temperature value. The biocatalyst provided is selected to have a recoverable productivity from a sudden change of about 10-30 degrees C from the first temperature. It is operable in a medium including mineral salts comprising major and minor bioelements provided in addition to the feedstock, where the medium further includes vitamins. The biocatalyst provided is selected to have a growth rate of at least 0.4 per hour. Preferably, the biocatalyst provided is a facultative anaerobic biocatalyst operable at dissolved oxygen concentrations across a range of about 0% to about 0.5% air saturation to produce the biofuel. The facultative anaerobic biocatalyst has a productivity that recovers from an exposure to more than 5% air saturation. The biocatalyst is selected to have at least three to at least eleven properties from (a) to (l). It is selected to convert the feedstock into the biofuel at a yield of at least 85-95% theoretical yield. It is also selected to have the productivity of at least 1.5 or 2 grams biofuel per gram cell dry weight per hour. Additionally, the biocatalyst selected to have the productivity of at least 2.5-3.5 grams biofuel per liter per hour. The biocatalyst is selected to have the titer equivalent to a lower one of: (a) a solubility limit of the biofuel in water under the process conditions; and (b) at least 2.5% to at least 15% (w/w) of the biofuel in water. The biofuel is isobutanol. The biocatalyst is converted to a co-product and where the co-product is feed grade. The biofuel is isobutanol and the isobutanol meets specifications as defined in ASTM D 1719-05. The biocatalyst contains no DNA markers. The method further comprises a biocatalyst operable at dissolved oxygen concentrations from about 0% to about 0.01% air saturation. The biocatalyst converts a feedstock into the biofuel under dissolved oxygen concentrations from about 0% to about 0.01% air saturation at essentially the same yield, productivity, and titer as under dissolved oxygen concentrations greater than 0.01%. Additionally, making biofuel comprises providing a biocatalyst selected to convert a feedstock into the biofuel at a yield of at least 80% theoretical yield, a productivity of at least 0.75 grams biofuel per liter per hour, and a titer equivalent to a lower one of: (a) a solubility limit of the biofuel in water under the process conditions; and (b) 2% (w/w) of the biofuel in water; and cultivating the biocatalyst in a culture medium until a recoverable quantity of the biofuel is produced; and recovering the biofuel. The biocatalyst operable to produce the biofuel free of byproducts that would require additional processing steps for removal from the biofuel. The method further comprises a biocatalyst operable at dissolved oxygen concentrations from about 0% to about 0.01 % air saturation. The biocatalyst is selected to convert the feedstock into the biofuel at a yield of at least 85-99% theoretical yield. Making biofuel further comprises: (a) providing a feedstock comprising a sugar selected from a six-carbon sugar; a six-carbon sugar oligomer; a five-carbon sugar and its combinations, where the sugar is obtained from starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin; and (b) contacting the feedstock of (a) with a biocatalyst that converts the feedstock into a biofuel at a yield of at least 68% theoretical yield, a productivity of at least 0.75 grams biofuel per liter per hour change claims; and a lower one of a solubility limit of the biofuel in water under the process conditions and 1.6% (w/v) of the biofuel in water; and (c) recovering the biofuel. The six-carbon sugar is glucose, galactose, or mannose. The five-carbon sugar is arabinose or xylose. The six-carbon sugar oligomer is sucrose or lactose. Preferably, the sugar is glucose. The biocatalyst retains at least 85% productivity in the presence of a second pH value, where the second pH value represents an increase or decrease of about 1 pH unit from a first pH value. The change in pH is a sudden change. Additionally, the biocatalyst is operable within a temperature range of about 20-80 degrees C. The biocatalyst retains at least 85% productivity in the presence of a second temperature value, where the second temperature value represents an increase or decrease of about 5 or 10 degrees C from a first temperature value. It is operable in a medium comprising: (a) mineral salts comprising major and minor bioelements; (b) vitamins; and/or (c) feedstock. The biocatalyst comprises a growth rate of at least 0.2 generations per hour. The method further comprises a facultative anaerobic biocatalyst operable at dissolved oxygen concentrations from about 0% to 0.01 % air saturation. The facultative anaerobic biocatalyst retains at least 85% productivity in the presence of dissolved oxygen concentrations of more than 1% air saturation. Making biofuel further comprises: (a) providing a feedstock comprising galactose obtained from starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin; and (b) contacting the feedstock of (a) with a biocatalyst that converts the feedstock into a biofuel at a yield of at least about 90% of the yield of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose, a productivity of at least about 90% of the productivity of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and a titer of at least about 90% of the titer of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and (c) recovering the biofuel. Alternatively, it comprises: (a) providing a feedstock comprising mannose obtained from starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin; and (b) contacting the feedstock of (a) with a biocatalyst that converts the feedstock into a biofuel at a yield of at least about 90% of the yield of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose, a productivity of at least about 90% of the productivity of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and a titer of at least about 90% of the titer of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and (c) recovering the biofuel. Making biofuel further comprises: (a) providing a feedstock comprising xylose obtained from starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin; and (b) contacting the feedstock of (a) with a biocatalyst that converts the feedstock into a biofuel at a yield of at least about 69% of the yield of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose, a productivity of at least about 56% of the productivity of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and a titer of at least about 59% of the titer of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and (c) recovering the biofuel. Alternatively, the method comprises: (a) providing a feedstock comprising arabinose obtained from starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin; and (b) contacting the feedstock of (a) with a biocatalyst that converts the feedstock into a biofuel at a yield of at least about 56% of the yield of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose, a productivity of at least about 70% of the productivity of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and a titer of at least about 54% of the titer of the biocatalyst where the feedstock comprises glucose; and (c) recovering the biofuel. Producing biofuel comprises contacting a feedstock with a biocatalyst, where the method produces a biofuel at a total titer of greater than about 22 g/L, or where the method produces a biofuel at a yield of greater than about 80% theoretical; or where the method produces a biofuel at a productivity of greater than about 2 g biofuel per L per hour; or producing biofuel comprises contacting a feedstock with the biocatalyst under fermentation conditions suitable for producing a biofuel. Preferred Biocatalyst: In the isolated or recombinant biocatalyst above, the parental microorganism is SA237. The biocatalyst is GEVO1530, pSA55, pSA69. Alternatively, the biocatalyst is GEVO 1821, GEVO1780, GEVO1886, GEVO1748, pGV1698, GEVO1749, pGV1698, GEVO1844, pGV1698, GEVO1846, GEVO1859, and GEVO1948. The biocatalyst is selected to convert a feedstock into the biofuel at a yield of at least 80% theoretical yield, a productivity of at least 0.75 grams biofuel per liter per hour, and a titer equivalent to a lower one of a solubility limit of the biofuel in water under the process conditions, and 2% (w/w) of the biofuel in water; providing the biocatalyst selected to have the following properties: a. the biocatalyst operable to produce the biofuel free of byproducts that would require additional processing steps for removal from the biofuel; the biocatalyst selected to have a growth rate of at feast 0.2 per hour. The biofuel is isobutanol and the biocatalyst is Escherichia coli. Alternatively, isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of Escherichia coli B, and further comprises a genotype of delta-adhE::FRT-kan-FRT, attB::(Sp+ laclq+ tetR+), pSA55, pGV1609, isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of Escherichia coli BW25113, and further comprising a genotype of delta-idhA-fnr::FRT, delta-adhE::FRT, delta-frd::FRT, delta-pta::FRT, pflB::FRT, F'(laclq+), pGV1655, pGV1698; isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of Escherichia coli BW25113, and further comprises a genotype of delta-ldhA-fnr::FRT, delta-frd::FRT, delta-pta::FRT, F'(laclq+), delta-adhE::(pLlacO1::kivd::ilvCco::FRT), delta-pflB::(pLlacOtialsS-ilvCco-FRT), delta-sthA::(pLlacO1::pntA::pntB::FRT); isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprising a genotype of Escherichia coli BW25113, and further comprises a genotype of: delta-ldhA-fnr::FRT, delta-adhE::FRT, delta-frd::FRT, delta-pta::FRT, pflB::FRT, F'(laclq+), delta-ilvC::(PLIaco1::kivd::ilvDco:;FRT), pGV1698; isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of Escherichia coli BW25113, and further comprises a genotype of delta-ldhA-fnr::FRT, delta-frd::FRT, delta-pta::FRT, pflB::FRT, F'(laclq+), delta-adhE:;(PLIacO1::kivd::ilvDco::FRT), pGV1698; isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of Escherichia coli BW25113, and further comprises a genotype of delta-idhA-fnr;:FRT, delta- adhE::FRT, delta-frd::FRT, delta-pflB::FRT, delta-pta::FRT, P (laclq+), delta-ilvC::(PLlacO1::kivd::ilvDco::FRT), delta-sthA::FRT, pGV1698; an isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of GEVO1748, and further comprises a genotype of pGV1745, pGV1698; isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of Escherichia coli BW25113, and further comprises a genotype of delta-idhA-fnr::FRT, delta-frd::FRT, delta-pta::FRT, F'(laclq+), delta-adhE::(pLlacO1::kivd::ilvDco::FRT), pflB::(pUacO1::aisS::ilvCco::FRT); or isolated or recombinant biocatalyst comprises a genotype of Escherichia coli BW25113, and further comprises a genotype of delta-ldhA-fnr::FRT, delta-frd::FRT, delta-pta::FRT, delta-adhE::(pLlacO1::kivd;:ilvDco::FRT), delta-pflB::(pLlacO1::aisS::ilvCco::FRT) delta-sthA:;(pLiacO1::pntA::pntB::FRT), where the isolated or recombinant biocatalyst produces a metabolite comprising isobutanol from a carbon source. Preferred Nucleic Acid: The nucleic acid is pGV1609, pGV1655, pGV1698, or pGV1745. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.