TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bifunctional ligand layer comprises one or more of: 2-mercapto-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid, 2-mercapto-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 2-mercapto-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carbonyl chloride, and substituted 1H-benzoimidazole-2-thiol compound of formula (IV); 2-mercapto-benzooxazole-5-carboxylic acid, 2-mercapto-benzooxazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 2-mercapto-benzooxazole-5-carbonyl chloride and substituted benzooxazole-2-thiol compound of formula (V); 2-amino-3-(2-mercapto-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid, 2-amino-3-(2-mercapto-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid ethyl ester, 2-amino-3-(2-mercapto-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-propionyl chloride, and 4-(2-amino-ethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-thiol compound of formula (VI); 4-(4-mercapto-phenyl)-butan-2-one compound of formula (VIII), 1-(2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-phenyl)-ethanone compound of formula (IX), and substituted (E)-4-phenylsulfanyl-but-3-en-2-one compound of formula (X); 3-(4-mercapto-phenyl)-propionic acid, 3-(4-mercapto-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester, 3-(4-mercapto-phenyl)-propionyl chloride, and substituted 4-mercapto-phenyl compound of formula (XI); 2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-benzoic acid ethyl ester, 2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-benzoyl chloride, and 1-(2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-phenyl)-ethanone compound of formula (XII); (E)-3-phenylsulfanyl-acrylic acid, (E)-3-phenylsulfanyl-acrylic acid ethyl ester, (E)-3-phenylsulfanyl-acryloyl chloride and (E)-4-phenylsulfanyl-but-3-en-2-one compound of formula (XIII); substituted 3-pentyl-(1,2)dithiolane compound of formula (XIV), substituted (1,2)dithiolane compound of formula (XV) and 2-methyl-propane-1,3-dithiol compound of formula (XVI); 5-(1,2)dithiolan-3-yl-pentanoic acid, 5-(1,2)dithiolan-3-yl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester, 5-(1,2)dithiolan-3-yl-pentanoyl chloride and 5-(1,2)dithiolan-3-yl-pentanoyl compound of formula (XVII); (1,2)dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid, (1,2)dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, (1,2)dithiolane-4-carbonyl chloride and (1,2)dithiolane-4-carbonyl compound of formula (XVIII); 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethyl-propionic acid, 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethyl-propionic acid ethyl ester, 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethyl-propionyl chloride and 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethyl-propionyl compound of formula (XIX); and 3-mercapto-hexanoic acid hexyl ester, 3-mercapto-hexanoic acid butyl ester, 3-mercapto-hexanoic acid ethyl ester or their stereoisomers. The hole conductor layer comprises substituted thiophene group of formula (VII) as a repeating unit.R = absent or alkyl; andm = 6-12.