TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The device is lithium secondary battery comprising lithium metal oxide cathode; porous separator; and carbon or lithium metal anode. The electrolyte is liquid or solid; and includes an interpenetrating network.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt is lithium salt (preferably LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiCF3SO3, Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li(CF3SO2)3C, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, lithium alkyl fluorophosphates and/or lithium bis(chelato)borates). The concentration of alkali metal salt is 0.3-2 M. The electrolyte includes lithium(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) salt and at least additive selected from vinyl carbonate and vinyl ethylene carbonate. The cathode includes a material chosen from LixVOy, LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiNi1-xCoyMezO2, LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2, LiMn0.3Co0.3Ni0.3O2, LiFePO4, LiMn2O4, LiFeO2, LiMc0.5Mn1.5O4, and/or vanadium oxide. The anode includes a material chosen from graphite, carbon, Li4Ti5O12, tin alloys, silica alloys, intermetallic compounds, and/or lithium metal.Me=Al, Mg, Ti, B, Ga, or Si;Mc=divalent metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane is of formulae Z4-Si(R1a)(Z2)-Z1, R2a-Si(R1a)(Z2)-Z1, or R2a-Si(R1a)(R3a)-Z1. The silane includes at least one substituent that includes a moiety selected from a first group consisting of alkyl, halogenated alkyl, aryl, halogenated aryl, alkoxy or oxyalkylene groups and at least one substituent that includes a moiety selected from a second group consisting of alkoxy group, oxyalkylene or cyclic carbonate groups, or alkoxy, carbonate, and alkylene oxide groups. The silane includes four substituents that each includes a moiety selected from the first group or the second group. The electrolyte additionally includes at least one additive selected from vinyl carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, 1,3-dimethyl butadiene, styrene carbonate, aromatic carbonates, vinyl pyrrole, vinyl piperazine, vinyl piperidine, and/or vinyl pyridine. A compound selected from an acrylate having at least two functionalities and a methacrylates having at least two functionalities serves as a monomer for a member of the interpenetrating network, where the monomer is dialkyl acrylate, dimethacrylate, diallyl terminated compound or dialkyl methacrylate.R1a=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or a group of formula (i);R2a=alkyl, aryl, an alkoxy or group of formula (i);R3a=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, or group of formula (i);Z1=-R94-O-(CH2-CH(R95)-O-)p-R96;Z2=alkoxy of formula (ii);Z4=alkoxy of formula (ii), or -R94-O-(CH2-CH(R95)-O-)p-R96;R90, R93=O or an organic spacer;r and q=1 or 2;R94=nil or an organic spacer;R95=H, alkyl or aryl;R96=alkyl or aryl;p=1-12.Provided that at least one of Z1, Z2 and Z4 includes an organic spacer selected from alkylene, alkylene oxide or bivalent ether group; and at least one of R1a, R2a and R3a includes halogenated alkyl, halogenated aryl, halogenated alkoxy, or an organic spacer selected from alkylene, alkylene oxide or bivalent ether group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polysiloxane is cyclic; and has a backbone that includes at least one silicon linked to at least one side chain that include poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. The backbone includes at least one silicon linked to at least one side chain that include carbonate moiety. The backbone silicons are linked to several side chains that each include poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. An organic spacer is positioned between the backbone silicons and the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. The spacer includes oxygen linked directly to the backbone silicons. The polysiloxane is preferably selected from 4 compounds as given in the specification, e.g. compound of formulae Z3SiO-O-(Si(R1)(R2)-O)m-(Si(R3)(R4-O-(CH2-CH(R5)-O)x-R6)-O)n-SiZ3 (I) and Z3SiO-(O-Si(R8)(R9)-O)m-(Si(R14-O-(CH2-CH(R15)-O)y-R16)(R10-O-(CH2-CH(R11)-O)x-R12)-O)n-SiZ3 (II). The interpenetrating network includes a cross-linked polyacrylates or a cross-linked polymethacrylates. The electrolyte includes at least one solid polymer selected from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, poly(alkyl methacrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), poly(vinyl acetate), and/or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO).R1, R3, R6, R8, R11 and R16=alkyl;R2 and R9=alkyl or alkoxy;R4, R10 and R14=nil or an organic spacer;R5, R11 and R15=H or alkyl;Z3=alkyl or aryl;m=0-15 (preferably 0);n=1-30;x=2-15.