NOVELTY - A blocking composition against fire action and advance in diverse surfaces comprises at least one vegetal oil or vegetal oil soap acting as adherence promoter, lubricant and optionally density increaser; at least one phyllosilicate from mineral origin acting as thickener, viscosity regulator, capturer and fixer of ashes; at least one nitrogenous gases generator fertilizer; and/or at least one amine salt of vegetal oil and/or sulfonic acid salt acting as composition stabilizer.    USE - As blocking composition against fire action and advance in diverse surfaces (claimed); as fire retardant and chemical retardant; for extinguishing forest fires.    ADVANTAGE - The composition has blocking against fire advance, with extinguishing action in various types of vegetation. The composition hinders the fire spread or fire propagation in bushes, forests and easy combustion and inflammability surfaces, and in rural residences. The composition is inert to the environment, and not damaging to the soil, effluents, flora and fauna. The composition strongly contributes to the reduction of the emission of polluting gases from blazes; is non-corrosive and biodegradable; is of low toxicity and can be easily applied. The composition even fertilizes the soil when the former gets wet by rains. The composition can be easily applied by aircraft or pressure spray over the substrate and the soil. The composition blocks the fire advance and suppresses fire, differing itself from others for the great benefit of complete extinguishment of fire advance and contributing with soil fertilization, when it is carbonized by fire or gets wet by rains. The composition once sprayed, adheres to the surface where it is applied over, either vegetation or soil, creating a uniform barrier interconnected by micro particles of solids from the composition, supplying a great fire and heat resistance, providing great fertilizing effect. The composition needs only a pair of glasses as individual protection equipment during the application; is a low toxicity non-corrosive product; is a fertilizing and biodegradable product; is easy to apply even with manual equipments such as costal bombs; and its application equipments can be cleaned in lakes and rivers, without any damage to the environment. The composition acts as a long-term chemical agent destined to the direct or indirect fight measures against forest fire, with blocking and extinguisher action of fire; and is also used preventively on defending interest areas by the construction of chemical firebreaks. The composition fulfills the world demand for obtaining, effectively, the extinction of forest fire with a product that fits the laboratorial and practical results, permitting a way to control, manipulate and extinguish forest fires. The composition is of easy solubility and appliance. The composition hinders the fire advance and its devastation, creates a chemical non-polluting barrier, promotes life by hindering the death of diverse species and subspecies, and collaborates effectively with the lack of emission of polluting gases to the atmosphere, preserving the environment. The adherence action of composition allows that even without fire the composition resists to bad weather.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) manufacturing of the composition involving: either a1) adding component technical urea and leaving it under agitation, in a turbo homogenizer mixer or ribbon blender so that it can be used in the next step; b1) keeping it under agitation, pouring in slowly all ammonium sulfate and leaving it under agitation during a minimum of 5 minutes, and then carrying out the next step; c1) verifying and reassuring that the first and second steps have been well succeeded, and still keeping both under agitation, slowly adding all ricinic oil component and/or soy oil and/or palm oil and/or peanut oil and/or cotton seed oil on the mixture and leaving it under agitation during a minimum of 10 minutes so that the components are completely absorbed; d1) pouring sodium bentonite component and/or aluminum silicate and/or guar gum, into all the mixture from the above step (c1) and agitating to a homogenization of the components, leaving it under agitation during a minimum of 5 minutes; e1) adding triethanolamine component in the mixture from the step (d1) and agitating it in order to get a perfect mixture and homogenization of the components, and then leaving it under agitation during 10 minutes; and f1) packing it manually or using an appropriate machine, in sealed plastic bags with a valve; or a2) adding in an equipment to mix powders, such as mixer and planetariums mixer, a thickener, capturer and fixer of soot, the adsorbent phyllosilicate, and an organic fertilizer; b2) well mixing the substances for 5 minutes; c2) alongside, preparing vegetal oil soap, by adding vegetal oil in the reactor and subjecting it to heating at 60-70 degrees C and during the heating and stirring, adding strong alkali and water in small doses and adding amine during the initial heating and stirring constantly; d2) adding slowly the adherence agent, lubricant and density increaser, vegetal oil soap and organic surfactant stabilizer to the mixture and after total addition of the substances, mixing the composition for 40 minutes; and e2) transferring the mixture in mill balls to decrease the size of particles until it becomes a fine powder; and    (2) application process of the composition involving: preparing the solution by diluting the powdered and/or granulated composition in water, on a proportion of 0.5 to 30 g/liter in a tank with a spade, manually or mechanically, transferring it to a costal spray applicator or to an aircraft spray applicator; applying 2 to 4 l of the solution per square meter of area to be protected, forming a uniform layer over the surface; and allowing the fluid to penetrate and instantaneously adhere to the surface creating a serous and contaminants dislocating skin, which hinders direct contact with fire, and leaves heat and radiation resistant particles in suspension.