TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method for photosynthetic production of butanol, the plant is an aquatic plant selected from but not limited to submersed aquatic herbs (Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea densa, Hippuris vulgaris, Aponogeton boivinianus, and Aponogeton rigidifolius), duckweeds (Spirodela polyrrhiza, Wolffia globosa, Lemna trisulca, Lemna gibba, and Lemna minor), water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes), buttercups (Ranunculus), water caltrop (Trapa natans and Trapa bicornis), water lily (Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaeaceae and Nelumbonaceae), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Bolbitis heudelotii, Cabomba sp., seagrasses (Heteranthera zosterifolia, Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, and Cymodoceaceae), and alga. The alga is selected from green algae, red algae, brown algae, blue-green algae (oxyphotobacteria including cyanobacteria and oxychlorobacteria), diatoms, marine algae, freshwater algae, cold-tolerant algal strains, heat-tolerant algal strains, antenna-pigment-deficient mutants, butanol-tolerant algal strains, and their combinations. The alga is but not limited to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Platymonas subcordiformis, Chlorella fusca, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Parachlorella kessleri, Betaphycus gelatinum, Chondrus crispus, Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and Galdieria sulphuraria. The alga is selected from unicellular algae, multicellular algae, and seaweeds, where the seaweeds are selected from Ulva latissima (sea lettuce), Ascophyllum nodosum, Codium fragile, Fucus vesiculosus, Eucheuma denticulatum, Gracilaria gracilis, Hydrodictyon reticulatum, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinntifida, Saccharina japonica, Porphyra yezoensis, and Porphyra tenera. The plant cells are aquatic plant tissue or cell cultures. The plant cells are non-aquatic plant tissue or cell cultures. The non-aquatic plant tissue or cell cultures are selected from the shoot tissue culture of wood apple tree Feronia limonia, the chlorophyllous callus-cultures of corn plant Zea mays, the green root cultures of Asteraceae and Solanaceae species, the tissue culture of sugarcane stalk parenchyma, the tissue culture of bryophyte Physcomitrella patens, the photosynthetic cell suspension cultures of soybean plant (Glycine max), the photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic culture of green Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells, the cell suspension culture of Gisekia pharnaceoides (a C4 plant), and the photosynthetic suspension cultured cell lines of Amaranthus powellii Wats., Datura innoxia Mill., Gossypium hirsutum, and Nicotiana tabacum x Nicotiana glutinosa fusion hybrid. The set of enzymes consists of phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (or pyruvate-NADP oxidoreductase), thiolase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, butyraldehyde dehydrogenase, butanol dehydrogenase, and their combinations. The set of enzymes consists of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (or pyruvate-NADP oxidoreductase), thiolase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, butyraldehyde dehydrogenase, butanol dehydrogenase, and their combinations. The set of enzymes consists of aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate-NADP oxidoreductase (or pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase), thiolase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, butyraldehyde dehydrogenase, butanol dehydrogenase, and their combinations. The set of enzymes consists of phosphofructose kinase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate andP oxidoreductase (or pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase), thiolase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, butyraldehyde dehydrogenase, butanol dehydrogenase, and their combinations. The set of enzymes consists of amylase, starch phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-phosphate isomerase, phosphofructose kinase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate-NADP oxidoreductase (or pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase), thiolase, 3- hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, butyraldehyde dehydrogenase, butanol dehydrogenase, and their combinations. The set of enzymes is genetically engineered to be inserted into the chloroplasts of the host photosynthetic organism. The expression of the enzyme is controlled by an inducible promoter. The promoter is inducible by anaerobiosis, where the promoter is a hydrogenase promoter. The promoter is inducible by manipulating the concentration of nitrate relative that of ammonium in the designer-organism culture medium, where the promoter is a nitrate reductase promoter. The plant or plant cells are genetically engineered to also contain a DNA construct coding for at least one enzyme that facilitates the andPH/NADH conversion for enhanced photobiological production of butanol. The enzyme is andPH phosphatase or and kinase, or their combination, where the expression of the enzyme is controlled by an inducible promoter and after expression, the enzyme is inserted into the stroma region of the chloroplast. The enzyme is an and+dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, where the andPH/NADH conversion is achieved by a two-step mechanism: (1) The step with the Calvin-cycle's glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which uses andPH in reducing 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate; and (2) The step with the and+dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which produces andH in oxidizing glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. The plant or plant cells are genetically engineered to also inactivate starch-synthesis activity. The inactivation of starch-synthesis activity comprises inhibiting the expression or activity of starch synthase, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, glucose-phosphate isomerase, or phosphoglucomutase. The inactivation comprises introduction of a DNA construct that encodes and inducibly expresses an interfering iRNA molecule. The iRNA molecule is selected from starch-synthase iRNA, glucose-1-phosphate-adenylyltransferase iRNA, glucose phosphate-isomerase iRNA, phosphoglucomutase iRNA, and their combinations. The plant or plant cells are genetically engineered to also inducibly express an additional set of designer enzymes that facilitate starch degradation and glycolysis in the stroma region of the chloroplast. The additional set of designer enzymes comprises amylase, starch phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphofructose kinase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, and their combinations. Photosynthetic production of butanol comprises (a) growing a transgenic designer plant, alga, blue-green alga, or plant cell in a liquid medium comprising water, where the transgenic designer plant, alga, blue-green alga, or plant cell comprises at least one exogenous transgene for at least one designer butanol production pathway; (b) inducing the transgenic designer plant, alga, blue-green alga, or plant cell to create induced transgenic organism having the at least one transgene activated to confer at least one designer butanol-production pathway; and (c) providing carbon dioxide and light energy, where the induced transgenic designer plant, alga, blue-green alga, or plant cell converts the carbon dioxide, water and light energy to certain intermediate products and finally to butanol and oxygen. The transgenic designer organism is grown photoautotrophically using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a primary carbon source. A transgenic designer organism is grown photoheterotrophically or photomixotrophically using an organic substrate selected from sucrose, glucose, acetate, butanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, lipids, proteins, organic acids, biomass materials and their combination. The growing of step (a) for designer organisms with hydrogenase promoter-controlled designer genes occurs in aerobic environment. The growing of step (a) for designer organisms with nitrate reductase promoter-controlled designer genes occurs in aerobic environment in the presence of a nitrogen fertilizer in the form of ammonium but not nitrate. The growing of step (a) for designer organisms with nitrate reductase promoter-controlled designer genes occurs in anaerobic environment in the presence of a nitrogen fertilizer in the form of ammonium but not nitrate. The inducing of step (b) for designer organisms with hydrogenase promoter-controlled designer genes occurs in anaerobic environment without oxygen gas (O2). The inducing of step (b) for designer organisms with nitrate reductase promoter-controlled designer genes occurs in aerobic environment by adding a nitrogen fertilizer in the form of nitrate. The inducing of step (b) for designer organisms with nitrate reductase promoter-controlled designer genes occurs in anaerobic environment by adding a nitrogen fertilizer in the form of nitrate. The sources of the provided CO2 are flue-gas CO2 from fossil fuel-fired and/or biomass-fired industrial facilities. A stream of flue-gas CO2 from fossil fuel-fired and/or biomass-fired industrial facilities is introduced into a bioreactor through a pipeline. The sources of the provided CO2 are air CO2 from the environment and the atmosphere. The additional sources of the provided CO2 are selected from gaseous CO2, dissolved CO2, bicarbonate, and carbonates. The fossil fuel-fired and/or biomass-fired industrial facilities that generate CO2 supplies are selected from coal-fired power plants, iron and steelmaking industries, cement-manufacturing plants, petroleum refinery facilities, chemical fertilizer production factories, biomass-fired and/or fossil fuel-fired biofuels distillation/separation facilities, biomass-pyrolysis processes, smokestacks, fermentation bioreactors, biofuel refinery facilities, and their combinations. The process further comprises (d) harvesting the butanol from the environment by a combination of membrane filtration and butanol-harvesting techniques, (e) harvesting the used transgenic designer organism that is converted from the induced transgenic organism, (f) repeating steps (a) through (c) and steps (d) and (e) for a continuous photobiological butanol production. The process further comprises harvesting the intermediate products that can be produced also by the induced transgenic designer organisms with the designer butanol-production pathways. In the method for biosafety-guarded photosynthetic production of biofuel, the expression of the designer biosafety mechanism and the biofuel-production-pathway enzymes is controlled by use of an inducible promoter. The inducible promoter is selected from hydrogenase promoters (HydA1 (Hyd1) and HydA2, accession number: AJ308413, AF289201, AY090770), the Cyc6 gene promoter, the Cpx1 gene promoter, the heat-shock protein promoter HSP70A, the CabII-1 gene (accession number M24072) promoter, the Ca1 gene (accession number P20507) promoter, the Ca2 gene (accession number P24258) promoter, the nitrate reductase (Nia1) promoter, the nitrite-reductase-gene (nirA) promoters, the bidirectional-hydrogenase-gene hox promoters, the light- and heat- responsive groE promoters, the Rubisco-operon rbcL promoters, the metal (zinc)-inducible smt promoter, the iron-responsive idiA promoter, the redox-responsive crhR promoter, the heat-shock-gene hsp16.6 promoter, the small heat-shock protein (Hsp) promoter, the CO2-responsive carbonic-anhydrase-gene promoters, the green/red light responsive cpcB2A2 promoter, the UV-light responsive lexA, recA and ruvB promoters, the nitrate-reductase-gene (narB) promoters, and their combinations. The process for photosynthetic production of biofuel further comprises (iv) harvesting the biofuel from the environment by a combination of membrane filtration and biofuel-harvesting techniques, (v) harvesting the used transgenic designer organism that is converted from the induced transgenic organism, and (vi) repeating steps (i) through (iii) and steps (iv) and (v) for a continuous biosafety-guarded photobiological production of biofuel using the cell-division-controllable designer organism. The process further comprises harvesting the intermediate products that can be produced also by the induced transgenic designer organisms with the designer butanol-production pathways. Preferred Plant/Plant Cell: The transgenic plant or plant cell also inducibly expresses glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase in the chloroplast. The transgenic plant or plant cell also inducibly expresses aldolase and triose phosphate isomerase in the chloroplast. The transgenic plant or plant cell also inducibly expresses phosphofructose kinase in the chloroplast. The transgenic plant or plant cell also inducibly expresses amylase, starch phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase in the chloroplast. The transgenic plant or plant cell also inducibly expresses at least one of the following in the chloroplast: andPH phosphatase; and kinase; an interfering RNA molecule that inhibits the expression of glucose-phosphate isomerase (G-P-isomerase) or phosphoglucomutase; or the set of enzymes in part or in full that facilitates starch degradation and glycolysis consisting of amylase, starch phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphofructose kinase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, and their combinations. The plant is an alga. The designer butanol-production-pathway enzymes are expressed and distributed not only in the chloroplast, but also in the cytoplasm, where the expression of the designer butanol production-pathway enzymes in the cytoplasm is accomplished by omission of the chloroplast-targeting sequence in the butanol-production-pathway gene(s) design. The plant is a blue-green alga (cyanobacterium or oxychlorobacterium), where the designer butanol-production-pathway enzymes are all expressed in the cytoplasm by omission of the chloroplast-targeting sequence in the butanol-production-pathway gene(s) design. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.