TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The transition metal in transition metal compound and transition metal-containing nanoparticles is chosen from molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, and rhenium. The positive hole injecting transport layer contains two or more types of transition metal containing nanoparticles from which transition metal contained differs, respectively. The positive hole injecting transport layer contains transition metal-containing nanoparticles and hole transportable compound. The positive hole injecting transport layer has a layer on which layer containing transition metal-containing nanoparticles and layer containing hole transportable compound are laminated, or layer on which layer containing transition metal-containing nanoparticles and layer containing transition metal-containing nanoparticles and hole transportable compound are laminated. Preferred Process: The oxidizing process is carried out in presence of oxygen. The oxidizing process includes heating process, light irradiation process and/or process on which active oxygen is made to act. Preferred Property: The transition metal-containing nanoparticles have average particle diameter of 15 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The protective agent of transition-metal containing nanoparticles comprises coupling group connected with transition metal and/or transition metal compound, and aromatic hydrocarbon and/or heterocyclic ring, and further contains charge-transporting group. The coupling group is of formulae: -C(=O)-H, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-Z1, -SH, -O-P(=O)(=O)-H, -O-P(=O)(-Z2)-Z1, -P(=O)(-OH)-, -P(=O)-, -S(=O)(=O)-Z1, -Si(-Z1)(-Z3)-Z2, -O-Si(-Z1)(-Z3)-Z2, -O-Si(-Z1)(-Z3)-Z2, or -NH2.Z1-Z3=halo or alkoxy.Preferred Layer: The device further has organic layer (3) comprising light emitting layer. Preferred Properties: The hole transportable compound is a compound having portion (A) in which total of atomic weight (MA) is 100 or more. The protective agent in the transition metal-containing nanoparticles is compound having portion (B) other than coupling group in which total of atomic weight (MB) is 100 or more. The ratio of total of atomic weight (MB) and total of atomic weight (MA) satisfies the relation: |MA-MB|/MB less than or equal to 2. The total of atomic weight (MB) has larger portion (B) than 1/3 of molecular weight of protective agent. The solubility parameter (SA) of portion (A) and solubility parameter (SB) of portion (B) satisfies the relation: |SA-SB|~2. The portion (B) has similar skeleton including spacer structure as the portion (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The hole transportable compound is hole transportable high molecular compound.