NOVELTY - Treating a charge obtained from a renewable source, comprises: (a) hydrotreating the charge in the presence of a fixed bed catalyst comprising hydro-dehydrogenating function and an amorphous support at 200-450 degrees C and at a pressure of 1-10 MPa; (b) separating from the obtained effluent, at least a portion of water and a hydrocarbon base; (c) eliminating nitrogen compounds from the hydrocarbon base; (d) hydroisomerizing the hydrocarbon base in the presence of selective hydroisomerization fixed bed catalyst; and (e) separating from the obtained effluent, hydrogen gas and diesel base.    USE - The process is useful for treating a charge obtained from a renewable source, where the charges are constituted by all vegetable oils and animal fats, mainly contains triglycerides and fatty acids or esters, with 6-25C hydrocarbon fatty chains, where the oil is palm, palm kernel, coconut, castor and cotton, peanut, linseed, sea kale or jatropha oil, and all oils obtained from sunflower or rapeseed by genetic modification or hybridization and algal oil, frying oil or animal oil (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process produces the diesel fuel with excellent quality, and provides the treatment without the separation of gas liquid intermediate. The diesel base has: low sulfur, nitrogen and aromatics content; an excellent cetane number, due to the formation of structure of substantially paraffinic hydrocarbons; good properties held in cold due to the isomerization paraffins degree; and low density (less than 800 kg/m3), which facilitates the process of securing the diesel pool specification in the material that is more than 845 kg/m3.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process of treating a charge obtained from a renewable source, comprises: (a) hydrotreating the charge in the presence of a fixed bed catalyst at a temperature of 200-450 degrees C, at a pressure of 1-10 MPa, and an hourly space velocity of 0.1-10 per hour, and in the presence of a total quantity of hydrogen mixed with the charge at a ratio of hydrogen to charge of 50-1500 Nm3 of hydrogen/m3 charge, where the catalyst comprises a hydro-dehydrogenating function and an amorphous support; (b) separating from the effluent obtained from step (a), at least a portion of water and at least one hydrocarbon base; (c) eliminating nitrogen compounds from the hydrocarbon base obtained from step (b); (d) hydroisomerizing of at least a part of the hydrocarbon base obtained from step (c) in the presence of a selective hydroisomerization fixed bed catalyst comprising a hydro-dehydrogenating function and at least one mono-dimensional 10 MR zeolite molecular sieve, where the step (c) is carried out at 150-500 degrees C, at a pressure of 1-10 MPa, at a hourly space velocity of 0.1-10 per hour and in the presence of a total quantity of hydrogen mixed with the charge at a ratio of hydrogen/charge of 70-1000 Nm3/m3; and (e) separating from the effluent obtained from step (d), the hydrogen gas and at least one diesel base.