NOVELTY - A recombinant microorganism comprising: (a) heterologous butanol biosynthetic pathway gene that encodes a polypeptide that catalyzes a substrate to product conversion selected from the group consisting of: (i) acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to acetoacetyl-CoA; (ii) acetoacetyl-CoA to (S)-hydroxbutanoyl-CoA; (iii) (S)-3-hydroxbutanoyl-CoA to crotonoyl-CoA; (iv) crotonoyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA; (v) butyryl-CoA to butanal; and (vi) butanal to butanol; and (b) heterologous gene that encodes a cellulase enzyme; where the recombinant microorganism converts cellulose to butanol, is new.    USE - The microorganism and method are useful for producing butanol (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has high ethanol production from hexoses and high tolerance to ethanol and other inhibitory compounds in the acid hydrolysates of lignocellulose biomass.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A recombinant microorganism comprising: (a) heterologous butanol biosynthetic pathway gene that encodes a polypeptide that catalyzes a substrate to product conversion selected from the group consisting of: (i) acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA; (ii) acetoacetyl-CoA to (S)-hydroxbutanoyl-CoA; (iii) (S)-3-hydroxbutanoyl-CoA to crotonoyl-CoA; (iv) crotonoyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA; (v) butyryl-CoA to butanal; and (vi) butanal to butanol; (b) heterologous gene that encodes a cellulase enzyme; where the recombinant microorganism converts cellulose to butanol; and (c) a heterologous gene that encodes a laccase polypeptide; where the recombinant microorganism converts lignocellulose to butanol, is new. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are:    (1) a method for the production of butanol from cellulose comprising: (a) providing a recombinant microorganism; and (b) contacting the microorganism with cellulose under conditions where butanol is produced;    (2) a method for the production of butanol from lignocellulose comprising: (a) providing a recombinant microorganism; and (b) contacting the microorganism with lignocellulose under conditions where butanol is produced; and    (3) a method for the production of butanol from hemicellulose comprising: (a) providing a recombinant microorganism; and (b) contacting the microorganism with hemicellulose under conditions where butanol is produced.