TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The chalcogenide compound is of formula: MQ or M2Q or M'2Q3 or MM'Q2. The halogen compound is of formula: MX or MX2 or M'X3 or MM'X4.M=Cu;Q=S, Se and/or Te;M'=In and/or Ga;andX=chloro, bromo and/or iodo.The solvent modifier is chalcogen, transitional metal, alkali-metal chalcogenide compound, alkaline-earth-metal chalcogenide compound, chalcogen amine salt, alkali metal, or alkaline-earth metal. The chalcogen is sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium. The transitional metal is alloy or mixture of nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium and/or ruthenium. The alkaline-earth metal chalcogenide compound is a mixture of salt(s) consisting of hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen telluride, and/or N-R4R2R3. The alkali metal is an alloy or mixture containing lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium. The alkaline-earth metal is an alloy or mixture of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. The alkali-metal chalcogenide compound is of formula: B'g.B'=Mg, Ca, Sr and/or B;andg=S, Se and/or Te.Preferred Composition: The excess ratio of sulfur or selenium preparation of mixed solution is 0-800%, preferably 100-400%. Preferred Method: The anti-vacuum liquid phase method is spin coating, solution casting, spraying sedimentation, stretching, silk-screen printing, inkjet printing, deposition film formation, roller coating, seam coating, flat-bar coating, capillary coating, comma coating, or gravure coating. Preferred Substrate: The lining substrate is polyimide, silicon sheet, amorphous hydrogenated silicon sheet, carborundum, silicon dioxide, quartz, sapphire, glass, metal, diamond-like carbon, hydrogenated diamond-like carbon, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, germanium, germanium-silicon alloy, indium-tin oxide, boron carbide, kubonit, silicon nitride, alumina, cerium oxide, tin oxide, zinc titanate, and/or plastic. Preferred Conditions: The annealing temperature of the precursor film is 50-850 degrees C, preferably 250-650 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The amine salt of indium and gallium is salt of hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, and/or N-R1R2R3. The hydrazine salt of indium and gallium is salt of hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, and/or R4R5N-NR6R7.R1-R7=aryl, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl or 3-6C alkyl.The solvent is water, liquid ammonia, hydrazine compound of formula: R4R5N-NR6-R7, lower alcohol, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, methanamide, N-methylmethanamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, cyclic sulfone (sic), and/or pyrrolidone. The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, pentanol, optically-active pentanol, isoamylol, sec-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, or sec-amyl alcohol.