TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cathodic electrode comprises the graphene nano-ribbons and continuous and discontinuous thin film(s) of a metal oxide is deposited on the graphene nano-ribbons. The graphene nano-ribbons are plasma etched graphene nano-ribbons and the graphene ribbon mass loading on the anodic and cathodic electrode(s) is 0.1-4.5 mg/cm2 of the first electrode. The electrolyte comprises an ionic liquid comprising a lithium-containing salt, a solid electrolyte interphase film-forming additive, and anion(s) including F-, Cl-, Br-, I-NO3-, N(CN)2-, BF4-, ClO4-, or PF6-. Preferred Dimension: The graphene ribbon surface area is 250-10000 cm2 per cm2 of the anodic and cathodic electrode(s). Preferred Property: The ionic liquid has a m.pt. of not greater than 100 degrees C, a decomposition temperature of greater than or equal to 200 degrees C, a viscosity of not greater than 200 cP, an ionic conductivity of greater than or equal to 0.01 mS/cm, and an electrochemical window of greater than or equal to 4 V. Preferred Method: Before the positioning step, graphene nano-ribbons are coated on second conductive and/or semi-conductive substrate with a metal-containing film having a thickness of 0.5-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ionic liquid comprises cation(s) from compounds including pyridium of formula (1), pyridazinium of formula (2), pyrimidinium of formula (3), pyrazinium of formula (4), imidazolium of formula (5), pyrazolium of formula (6), triazolium of formula (7), oxazolium of formula (8), triazolium of formula (9), ammonium of formula (10), pyrrolinium of formula (11), pyrrolidinium of formula (12), pyrrolium of formula (13), piperidium of formula(14) and/or phosphonium of formula (15). The anion further comprises R''SO3-, R''COO-, (CF3)2PF4-, (CF3)3PF3-, (CF3)4 PF2-, (CF3)5PF-, (CF3)6P-, (CF2SO3-)2, (CF2CF2SO3-)2, (CF3SO2-)2N-, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-, (CF3SO2-)2CH-, (SF5)3C-, (CF3SO2)3C-, (O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O)2PO-, and/or (CF3(CF2)7SO3-).R1-R6=H; halo; OH; amine; thiol; 1-25C straight-chain, branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical; 5-30C cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical; 6-30C aromatic hydrocarbon radical; 7-40C alkylaryl radical; 2-25C linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having interruption by heteroatom(s) such as O, N, or S; 2-25C linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having interruption by functionalities including carbonyl, ester, amide, sulfonate or sulfonamide; 2-25C linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical terminally functionalized by Cl, Br, F, I, NH, OH, NH2, NHCH3, or SH; 5-30C cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having heteroatom(s) including O, N or S and optionally substituted with Cl, Br, F, I, NH, OH, NH2, NHCH3, or SH; 7-40C alkylaryl radical heteroatom from O, N or S and optionally substituted with 2-25C straight-chain, branched hydrocarbon radical substituted with Cl, Br, F, I, NH, OH, NH2, NHCH3 or SH; 5-30C cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical substituted with Cl, Br, F, I, NH, OH, NH2, NHCH3, or SH; OH; NH2; or thiol; polyether of the type -O-(-R7-O-)n-R8 or block or random type -O-(-R7-O-)n-(-R7, -O-)m-R8; or polyether of the type -O-(-R7-O-)n-C(O)-R8 or block or random type -O-(-R7-O-)n-(-R8, -O-)m-C(O)-R8;R'=H, 1-12C straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene;R7=linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2-4C;n=1-40;R8=H or 5-30C straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical or 5-30C cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical or 6-30C aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or 7-40C alkylaryl radical; andR''=alkyl group, substituted alkyl group or Ph group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The battery further comprises a polymer host including homopolymers and copolymers of polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyvinyls, polyacrylics, polyhalo-olefins, polydienes, polyoxides/esters/acetals, polysulfides, polyesters/thioesters, polyamides/thioamides, polyurethanes/thiourethanes, polyureas/thioureas, polyimides/thioimides, polyanhydrides/thioanhydrides, polycarbonates/thiocarbonates, polyimines, polysiloxanes/silanes, polyphosphazenes, polyketones/thioketones, polysulfones/sulfoxides/sulfonates/sulfoamides, and/or polyphylenes. A molar ratio of ionic liquid to polymer host is 0.1:1 to 10:1.