NOVELTY - A recombinant microbial cell comprising at least one alcohol tolerance modification as compared with a parent cell, is new.    USE - For producing aliphatic alcohols e.g. methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, iso-butanol, 1-pentanol, 3-hexanol, and 1-heptanol; which are used in preparing an aliphatic alcohol compound-containing product comprising transport fuel, solvent, swelling agent, brake fluid, extractant, cement additive, ore flotation agent, and melamine formaldehyde resin; and for producing a butanol compound (claimed) used as fuel additive, bulk chemical precursor for production of cry late and mctbacrylatc esters, glycol ethers, butyl acetate, butylamines, and amino resins; and for production of adhesives/scalantis, alkaloids, antibiotics, camphor, deicing fluid, dental products, detergents, elastomers, electronics, emulsifiers, eye makeup, fibers, flocculants, flotation aids (e.g. butyl xanthate), hard-surface cleaners, hormones and vitamins, hydraulic and brake fluids, industrial coatings, lipsticks, nail care products, paints, paint thinners, perfumes, pesticides, plastics, printing ink, resins, safety glass, shaving and personal hygiene products, surface coatings, super absorbents, synthetic fruit flavoring, textiles, as mobile phases in paper and thin-layer chromatography, as oil additive, as well as for leather and paper finishing.    ADVANTAGE - The recombinant microbial cell exhibits increased tolerance to at least one aliphatic alcohol compound as compared with the parent cell, (i.e. increased aliphatic alcohol compound IC50 of at least 5 (preferably at least 50, especially at least 80, particularly greater than or equal to 100)%). The increased tolerance to at least one aliphatic alcohol compound comprises increased carbohydrate (preferably glucose, or lignocellulosic-based carbohydrate) utilization as compared to the parent cell when grown in same amount of alcohol, where the carbohydrate utilization is increased by at least 5 (preferably at least 50, especially at least 80, particularly greater than or equal to 100)%. The recombinant microbial cell exhibits increased alcohol production as compared with the parent cell, where the alcohol production is increased by the alcohol tolerance modification. The recombinant microbial cells show improved resistance to aliphatic alcohol toxicity, and thus allows for increased levels of aliphatic alcohol production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a recombinant cell engineered to contain or express an alcohol tolerance determinant selected from a determinant sequence selected from Tables 1A, 1B; and/or Table 2, as given in the specification;    (2) a recombinant cell that includes an alcohol tolerance modification (e.g. as compared with a parent cell), where the alcohol tolerance modification comprises introduction of the alcohol tolerance determinant sequences selected from a determinant sequence selected from Tables 1A, 1B; and/or Table 2, as given in the specification;    (3) a recombinant microbial cell comprises an alcohol tolerance modification (e.g. as compared with a parent cell), which alcohol tolerance modification comprises introduction of a first alcohol tolerance determinant sequence and introduction of a second alcohol tolerance determinant sequence, where the first alcohol tolerance determinant sequence is selected from Tables 1 and 2, as given in the specification; and the second alcohol tolerance determinant sequence is selected from Tables 3 and 4, as given in the specification;    (4) an engineered bacterial cell comprising at least one alcohol tolerance modification, where the alcohol tolerance modifications comprises introduction of an alcohol tolerance determinant sequence encoding a polypeptide (P1) or found within Table 1A row selected from row 20 (1p1293), row 21 (1p1295 (mntH3)), row 34 (1p2159), row 35 (1p2160), row 36 (1p2169), row 37 (1p2170), row 44 (1p2911), row 50 (1p3193) and or their homologs as given in the specification;    (5) a method (M1) of engineering a cell to include an alcohol tolerance modification, involving obtaining a parent cell, introducing into the parent cell at least one alcohol tolerance determinant sequence selected from Tables 1 and 2 as given in the specification, thereby engineering a cell to include an alcohol tolerance modification;    (6) a method (M2) of producing an aliphatic alcohol compound, involving cultivating the recombinant microbial cell under conditions and for time that the aliphatic alcohol compound is produced; and isolating the produced aliphatic alcohol compound;    (7) a method (M3) of producing a butanol compound involving cultivating the recombinant microbial cell or the engineered bacterial cell under conditions that allow production of the aliphatic alcohol compound under conditions and for time that the butanol compound accumulates to greater than 30 grams per liter; and isolating the produced butanol compound;    (8) an aliphatic alcohol compound composition, prepared by the method (M2);    (9) a butanol compound composition, prepared by the method (M3);    (10) a method (M4) of preparing an aliphatic alcohol compound-containing product (P2), involving cultivating the recombinant microbial cell or an engineered bacterial cell under conditions and for time that the aliphatic alcohol compound is produced; isolating the aliphatic alcohol compound; and combining the aliphatic alcohol compound with at least one other additive components;    (11) an isolated nucleic acid molecule (A1) comprising a 3'region of a gene encoding a farnesylation signal (CAAX) protease polypeptide;    (12) an isolated nucleic acid molecule (A2) comprising a 5'region of a gene encoding a CAAX protease polypeptide; and    (13) a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule.