TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is metals, polymers, semiconductors, crystalline surfaces, ceramics, or glasses. The metals are copper, silver, gold, aluminum, indium, chromium, steel, iron, cobalt, stainless steel, titanium, vanadium, or their alloys. The substrate is nanoparticle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The phosphonium ionic liquid is mixed with organic solvent to form fluorous biphasic system. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, methyl chloride, toluene, benzene, methyl trichloride, hexane, pentane, or acetonitrile. The phosphonium ionic liquid is applied to a surface of the substrate as hydrophobic or superhydrophobic coating on the surface. Preferred Properties: The coating is preferably hydrophobic and has water contact angle of 90-150, preferably greater than 150 degrees .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymers are polyethylene, polyacrylate, or polystyrene. The phosphonium ionic liquid is polymerized to form solid polymer, and is cast into films, coatings, or three dimensional structures. The coating is patterned on substrate. Preferred Definitions:    Y'=2-20C alkyl chain including crosslinkable or polymerizable group bonded to a terminal carbon of 2-20C alkyl chain particularly (meth)acrylate, norbornadienyl, styrenyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, maleimidyl, anthracenyl, (1)metalloarenophanyl, or (2)methalloarenophanyl;or    when Z=Rfn, then Y'=not Rfn or not fluoroalkyl.    EXAMPLE - 1H,1H,2H-perfluorodec-1-ene (23.8 mmol); 2,4,4'-trimethylpentyl phosphine (40 pts. wt.) in toluene; and Vazo 67(RTM: tetramethylsuccinonitrile) (0.95 mmol) were charged to a pressure tube under nitrogen and stirred at 80 degrees C for 2 hours. Vazo 67(RTM: tetramethylsuccinonitrile) (3 by 8 mol %) was further added every 2 hours. The solution was stirred at 80 degrees C for 17 hours. Excess fluorous olefin and diethyl dimethyl-succinonitrile were removed via sublimation from oil. The remaining brown liquid was distilled at 0.05 mm mercury at 140 degrees C to obtain colorless viscous liquid (8.67 g at 70 % yield).