TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide in the negative electrode is tin oxide, titanium dioxide, ferric oxide, cobalt oxide (CoO, Co3O4), ferrous oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, manganese oxide and tungsten oxide. The ternary or more metal oxide complex is tin-titanium oxide (Sn1-xTixO2), zinc oxide-tin oxide (ZnO)1-x(SnO2)x, cobalt oxide-tin oxide (CoO)1-x(SnO2)x, calcium oxide-tin oxide (CaO)1-x(SnO2)x, zinc oxide-cobalt oxide (ZnO)1-x(CoO)x, magnesium oxide-tin oxide (MgO)1-x(SnO2)x, manganese oxide-tin oxide (MnO)1-x(SnO2)x, zinc-tin oxide (Zn2SnO4), cobalt-tin oxide (CoSnO3), calcium-tin oxide (Ca2SnO4), calcium-tin oxide (CaSnO3), zinc-cobalt oxide (ZnCo2O4), cobalt-tin oxide (Co2SnO4), magnesium-tin oxide (Mg2SnO4), manganese-tin oxide (Mn2SnO4), zinc oxide-tin oxide-cobalt oxide (ZnO)x(SnO2)y(CoO)z, zinc oxide-tin oxide-calcium oxide (ZnO)x(SnO2)y(CaO)z, titanium dioxide-tin oxide-calcium oxide (TiO)x(SnO2)y(CaO)z, calcium-tin oxide (TiO)x(SnO2)y(ZnO)z, magnesium oxide-tin oxide-zinc oxide (MgO)x(SnO2)y(ZnO)z, manganese oxide-tin oxide-zinc oxide (MnO)x(SnO2)y(ZnO)z and nickel oxide-zinc oxide-ferric oxide-titanium oxide-tin oxide (NiO)a(ZnO)b(Fe2O3)c(TiO2)d(SnO4)e, where x is 0.01-0.99, sum of x-z is 1 and sum of a-e is 1. Preferred Properties: The average diameter of nanofiber is 50~900 nm. The mean size of the nano particles is 1-100 nm. The current collector is platinum, gold, palladium, iridium, silver, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, molybdenum, chromium, copper, titanium or tungsten, indium-doped tin oxide metal material, fluorine-doped tin oxide metal material or silicon wafer. The metal salt precursor used during manufacture of negative electrode active material is tin, nickel, iron, cobalt, titanium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, copper, zinc, indium, molybdenum and/or tungsten ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The membranous polymer used in manufacture of negative electrode active material is polyurethane, polyurethane copolymer, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyacrylic copolymer, polyvinylacetate, polyvinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyperfuryl alcohol, polystyrene, polyethylene copolymer, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide copolymer, polypropylene oxide copolymers, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polycaprolactone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and/or phenol resin.