TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the curing is performed using at least heat treating at 100-150 degrees C and less than 2 minutes. The step of forming the coating solution further involves mixing carboxylate and acid with the coating solution. Preferred Components: The mono-metal oxide (O1) is alumina, magnesia, titania, zinc oxide (ZnO), calcium oxide (CaO), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), manganese oxide (MnO) or nickel oxide (NiO). The bi-metal oxide is selected from two mono-metal oxides (O1). In the photovoltaic device the glass substrate comprises soda-lime-silica glass including (wt.%) silica (SiO2) (67-75); sodium oxide (Na2O) (10-20); calcium oxide (CaO) (5-15); magnesium oxide (MgO) (0-7); aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (0-5); potassium oxide (K2O) (0-5); lithium oxide (Li2O) (0-1.5) and barium oxide (BaO) (0-1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane is tetra ethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, octatryethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, acetoxyproplytrimethoxysilane, 3 aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3 cyanopropyltriethoxysilane or 3 glycidoxypropyl trimethoxisilane. The siloxane is hexaethylcyclotrisiloxane, hexaethyl disiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyltrisiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, hexavinyldisiloxane, hexaphenyldisiloxane, octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane, hexachlorodisiloxane, dichlorooctamethyltetrasiloxane, 2-methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyl)heptamethyl trisiloxane, 3 acryloxypropyl tris trimethyl siloxysilane, methylacryloxypropyl heptacyclopentyl-T8silsesquioxane, octakis(dimethylsiloxy)octaprismosilsesquioxane or octaviny-T8-silsesquioxane. EXAMPLE - A photovoltaic device (test) was prepared using alumina (Al2O3) as barrier layer. Aluminum tertbutoxide (2.52 g) was mixed in a solution containing acetylacetate (2 g), hydrochloric acid (6 g) and normal propanol (20 g). This solution was stirred for 15 minutes and then water (0.5 g) was added. The solution was stirred for another 15 minutes to form Al2O3 solution. The barrier layer of alumina was fabricated using spin coating method with 1000 revolution per minutes (rpm) for 18 seconds. The coating was heat treated at 130 degrees C for one minute. Then the coating was cooled down to room temperature. Antireflective coating of silica was casted on the barrier layer by using silica solutions. Polymeric component of silica was prepared by mixing (wt.%) of n-propanol (64), glycycloxylpropyltrimethoxysilane (glymo) (24), water (7) and hydrochloric acid (5) for 24 hours. The coating solution was prepared by using (wt.%) of polymeric solution (21), colloidal silica in methyl ethyl ketone (7) and n-propanol (72) and stirred for 2 hours to gave silica sol. The silica coating was fabricated using spin coating method with 1000 rpm for 18 seconds. The coating was heat treated at 625 degrees C for three and half minutes. A comparative coating was prepared in the similar manner but without using any barrier layer. The coatings were subjected to environmental testing. Transition was measured before and after the environmental testing. % Transmission (for test/comparative) before environmental testing was 90.2/90.6 and after environmental testing was 82.5/76.9; and % reduction of test/comparative was 7.7/13.7.