TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium trifluoroacetate, lithium pentafluoropropionate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorobisoxalatophosphate, lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonimide, lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methanide, lithium bisperfluoroethylsulfonyl imide, lithium alkyl fluorophosphates, lithium bisoxalate, lithium difluorooxalatoborate, and/or a salt of formula: Li2B12X12-pHp and/or Li2B10X10-yHy. It is a salt that is electrochemically and chemically stable in the presence of oxygen.X=OH, F, Cl, or Br;p=0-12; andy=0-10.Preferred Concentration: The concentration of the lithium salt is 0.01-2 M. Preferred Electrodes: The negative electrode is lithium. The air positive electrode further comprises an additive to assist the reduction of oxygen. The additive is cobalt phthalocyanine, manganese oxyhydroxide, manganese oxide (MnOx), cobalt oxide (CoOx and Co3O4), platinum, Pt1-xRux, La1-x, CaxCoO3, nickel cobaltite, Pb2Ru2Pb1-xO1-y, and/or NaxPt3O4.x=0-1; andy=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-air cell further comprises a crosslinking agent, a monofunctional monomeric compound, a radical reaction initiator, an electrode stabilizing agent, and a siloxanyl carbonate cosolvent, preferably 1-(1-trimethylsiloxanyl-ethyl)ethylene carbonate. The electrode stabilizing additive is one that can be oxidized or polymerized on the surface of positive electrode, or can be reduced or polymerized on the surface of negative electrode. The crosslinking agent is of formula: R16-CH=C(R17)-C(=O)-(O-CH2-CH(X))n-CH2-C(=O)-C(R18)=CH-R19. The monofunctional monomeric compound is of formula: R20-(O-CH2-CH(X))m-CH2-C(=O)-C(R21)=CH-R22. The radical reaction initiator is a thermal initiator and/or a photoinitiator.R16-R19, R21-R22=H, optionally substituted 1-12C alkyl, or optionally substituted 2-12C alkenyl;R20=1-12C alkyl;X=H, Me, or Et;n=1-15; andm=1-20.Preferred Proportion: The poly(ethylene oxide) solvent is present at 5-95 wt.% based on total weight of the poly(ethylene oxide) solvent, the salt, and the electrode stabilizing additive. The concentration of the electrode stabilizing additive is 0.001-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is not a gelled electrolyte. The poly(ethylene oxide) solvent is a poly(ethyleneoxide) siloxane, preferably 2-(2-(2-(2-methoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy trimethyl silane, and/or 2-(2-(2-methoxy)ethoxy)-ethoxy trimethyl silane. Preferred Definitions:    PEO1-PEO4=-(O-CH2-CH2-O)n-R7, or -(CH2)m-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-R7;    R7=H, optionally substituted 1-12C alkyl, optionally substituted 2-12C alkenyl, or a group of formula (VI);    m=1;    n=0-20; and    at least one of R1, R2=a group of formula (IIa), (IIb), or (IIc).    R8=H, optionally substituted 1-12C alkyl, or optionally substituted 2-12C alkenyl; and    q=0-8.