TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves: applying an adjustable electric or magnetic field to control the rate of formation of hydrino. In method (M2), the temperature of reaction is such that gaseous Li atoms are present. The method (M3) further involves: applying an adjustable electric or magnetic field to control the rate of energy release. Preferred Components: The gaseous catalysts comprise at least one selected from a source of potassium ion (K+), source of rubidium ion (Rb+) and a source of helium ion (He+). The source of K+ is potassium metal. The source of Rb+ is rubidium metal. The increased binding energy hydrogen species is selected from Hn1, (Hn1)-, and (Hn1)+. The increased binding energy hydrogen species is selected from (a1) hydride ion having a binding energy that is greater than the binding of ordinary hydride ion (0.8 eV) in which the binding energy is represented by an equation as given in the specification; (b1) hydrogen atom having a binding energy greater than 13.6 eV; (c1) hydrogen molecule having a first binding energy greater than 15.5 eV; and (d1) molecular hydrogen ion having a binding energy greater than 16.4 eV. The increased binding energy hydrogen species is a hydride ion having a binding energy of 3, 6.6, 11.2, 16.7, 22.8, 29.3, 36.1, 42.8, 49.4, 55.5, 61, 65.6, 69.2, 71.5, 72.4, 71.5, 68.8, 64, 56.8, 47.1, 34.6, 19.2 or 0.65 eV. The increased binding energy hydrogen species is selected from (a2) hydrogen atom having a binding energy represented by an equation as given in the specification; (b2) an increased binding energy hydride ion having a binding energy represented by an equation as given in the specification; (c2) an increased binding energy hydrogen species H4+; (d2) an increased binding energy hydrogen species trihydrino molecular ion (H3)+, having a binding energy represented by an equation as given in the specification; (e2) an increased binding energy hydrogen molecule having a binding energy represented by an equation as given in the specification; and (f2) increased binding energy hydrogen molecular ion with a binding energy represented by an equation as given in the specification. The increased binding energy hydrogen species is negative. The compound comprises at least one cation. The cation is a proton as given in the specification. The other element is an ordinary hydrogen atom or an ordinary hydrogen molecule. The compound (I) is selected from 25 compounds as given in the specification e.g. compounds of formulae (KHmKCO3)n (Ia), ((KHmKNO3)n)(m'+) n'X- (Ib), (KHKNO3)n (Ic), (KHKOH)n (Id), (MHmM'X1)n (Ie), ((MHmM'X')n)(m'- n'X1- (If), ((MHmM'X)n)(m'-) n'(M'1)+ (Ig), ((M1Hm)n)(m'+) n'(X1)- (Ih), ((M1Hm)n)(m'-) n'M'2+ (Ii) or SixHy(H16) (Ij), where the compounds (Ia), (Ib), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih) and (Ii) contain at least one H, and the hydrogen content Hm of the compound (Ia), (Ib), (Ie), (If), (Ig), (Ih) and (Ii) comprises at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species; and the hydrogen content H of the compound (Ic), (Id) and (Ij) comprises at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species.n1=positive integer;m, m', n and n'=integer;X=singly negative charged anion (preferably halogen ions, hydroxide ion, hydrogen carbonate ion, dihydrogen phosphate or nitrate ion);M, M'and M'1=alkali or alkaline earth cation;X1 and X'=singly negative charged anion (preferably halogen ions, hydroxide ion, hydrogen carbonate ion, dihydrogen phosphate or nitrate ion) or doubly negative charged anion (preferably of carbonate ion, oxides, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates or sulfate ion);M1 and M'2=alkali or alkaline earth, organic, organometallic, inorganic, or ammonium cation;y=2x+2 to 4x;andx and z=integer.Provided that n1 is greater than 1, when H has a positive charge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Cell: The cell further comprises an adjustable electric or magnetic field source. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.