TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: In the dye-sensitized photoelectric transformation element (E1), the dye is supported on the oxide semiconductor particles in the presence of an inclusion compound. The oxide semiconductor particles comprise titanium dioxide, and have the average diameter of 1-50 nm. The dye-sensitized solar cell (S1) is prepared by: coating titanium oxide paste on a transparent conductive substrate; sintering the coated substrate to form a titanium oxide thin film; immersing the substrate having a titanium oxide thin film formed on it in a mixed solution in which the dye of formula (I) is dissolved, so as to form a dye-absorbed titanium oxide film electrode; providing a second glass substrate having a counter electrode formed on it; forming a hole penetrating the second glass substrate and the counter electrode; placing thermoplastic polymer film between the counter electrode and the dye-absorbed titanium oxide film electrode and heat-pressing them to join the counter electrode and the titanium oxide film electrode; injecting electrolyte into the thermoplastic polymer film placed between the counter electrode and the titanium oxide film electrode through the hole; and sealing the thermoplastic polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 7 Methods for the preparation of (I) are given; e.g.(1) process (A) involving: reacting 2,2'-bipyridyl compound of formula (IIa) with a complex of formula (RuCl2(p-cymene))2 (A1), (2,2')bipyridinyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, and NH4NCS in order, to give (I);(2) process (B) involving: reacting (2,2')bipyridinyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid with an acid of formula NC-CH2-COOH in presence of piperidine in acetonitrile to give (Z)-3-(4'-((Z)-2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl-4-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid (IIb); followed by reacting the diacid (IIb) with complex (A1) and NH4NCS to give (I) (where X and Y1 are groups of formula (iii));(3) process (C) involving: reacting 5-bromo-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde with amine of formula HN(R)2 in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to give corresponding amino-thiophene-carbaldehyde (IIc); reacting (IIc) with (4'-(diethoxy-phosphorylmethyl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl-4-ylmethyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester in presence of NaH in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to give bipyridine derivative of formula (IId); and reacting (IId) with the complex (A1), (2,2')bipyridinyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, and NH4NCS to give (I) (where X and Y1 are each (E)-CH2-CH=CH-(2,5-thiophendiyl)-N(R)2);(4) process (D) involving: reacting 4,4'-dibromo-(2,2')bipyridinyl with (6-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-trimethylstannane in presence of n-BuLi, SnMe3Cl, Pd(PPh3)4 in THF to give the corresponding bipyridine intermediate of formula (IIe); followed by reacting (IIe) with the complex (A1), (2,2')bipyridinyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, and NH4NCS to give (I) (where X and Y1 are groups of formula (ix), where R1 is n-hexyl, n is 1, R2 and R3 are H); and(5) process (E) involving: alkylation of dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophene with n-hexyl bromide to give 2-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophene (IIf); reacting (IIf) with POCl3 in DMF to give 6-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (IIg); reacting (IIg) with (4'-(diethoxy-phosphorylmethyl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl-4-ylmethyl)-phosphonic acid diethyl ester in presence of NaH in THF to give bipyridine derivative 4,4'-bis-(6-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl (IIe); and reacting (IIe) with the complex (A1), (2,2')bipyridinyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, and NH4NCS to give (I) (where X and Y1 are groups of formula (ix), where R1 is n-hexyl, n is 1, R2 and R3 are H).Preferred Compounds: The dye compound (I) is represented by 7 compounds as given in the specification; e.g. a compound of formula (IIIa). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 31 Compounds are specifically claimed as (I); e.g. Ru(NCS)2(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)(4,4'-bis-(6-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl) (Ia); Ru(NCS)2(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)(4,4'-bis-((E)-2-(6-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-vinyl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl); Ru(NCS)2((Z)-3-(4'-((Z)-2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl-4-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid)2; Ru(NCS)2(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)(4,4'-bis-(6-octyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl); and 4,4'-bis-(6-hexyl-3,4,7,8-tetrathia-dicyclopenta(a,e)pentalen-2-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl.    EXAMPLE - 4,4'-Bis-(6-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl (0.8 g) and (RuCl2(p-Cymene))2 (0.34 g) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) (15 ml), and the reaction mixture was refluxed at 80 degrees C for 4 hours. Then, 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (0.27 g) was added, and the reaction mixture was refluxed again at 160 degrees C for 4 hours. NH4NCS (0.85 g) was added and the reaction mixture was refluxed at 130 degrees C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was dried by vacuum distillation, washed and filtered. The precipitate was purified to obtain the complex Ru(NCS)2(2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)(4,4'-bis-(6-hexyl-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)thiophen-2-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl) (Ia).