TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The layered graphite material is selected from natural graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite oxide, graphite fluoride and/or chemically modified graphite. The platelets comprise graphite oxide platelets. The platelets comprise single-layer graphene platelets. The intercalate is a non-alkali metal-based intercalate. Preferred Process:. The supply of nano-scaled platelets is obtained through intercalation and exfoliation of layered graphite material, to obtain exfoliated graphite flakes. The exfoliated graphite flakes are subjected to flake separation treatment using air milling, ball milling, mechanical shearing and/or ultrasonication. The intercalating and exfoliating is followed by a mechanical separation or size reduction treatment using air milling, ball milling, mechanical shearing and/or ultrasonication. The graphite oxide is partially or totally reduced. The nano-scaled platelets or flakes are dispersed in a liquid medium containing a surfactant or dispersing agent, to obtain suspension or slurry. The obtained suspension or slurry is subjected to ultrasonication at a sufficient energy level for a sufficient time, to obtain ultra-thin separated nano-scaled platelets. The suspension is converted to a mat or paper, or the nanocomposite precursor suspension is converted to a nanocomposite solid. Preferred Condition: The ultrasonication is performed at temperature of 100 degrees C or less. The energy level is greater than 150 watts. Preferred Compound: The intercalate is selected from acid, oxidizing agent, mixture of acid and oxidizing agent, halogen molecule, inter-halogen compound, metal-halogen compound, alkali metal, mixture or eutectic of two alkali metals and/or alkali metal-organic solvent mixture. Preferred Composition: The intercalated nano platelets or exfoliated flakes comprise intercalation compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid medium comprises water, organic solvent, alcohol, monomer, oligomer or resin. The liquid medium contains a monomer or a polymer dissolved or dispersed, to form a nanocomposite precursor suspension. The surfactant or dispersing agent is selected from anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, silicone surfactants, fluoro-surfactants, polymeric surfactants, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate, poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate and/or sodium sulfonate. EXAMPLE - Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite flakes (100 g) were grinded and reacted with liquid bromine at 25 degrees C for 36 hours, to obtain halogen-intercalated graphite compound. The obtained halogen-intercalated graphite compound was transferred to a furnace and heated at 200 degrees C for 30 seconds, to obtain nano-scaled graphene platelets. The obtained nano-scaled graphene platelets were reacted with bromine and heated, to obtain ultra thin nano-scaled graphene platelets.