TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salts: The ionizable lithium salt is selected from a group consisting of F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, N(CN)2-, BF4-, ClO4-, PF6-, (CF3)2PF4-,(CF3)3PF3-, (CF3)4PF2-, (CF3)5PF-, (CF3)6P-, F3SO3-, CF3CF2SO3-, (CF3SO2)2N-, (FSO2)2N-, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-,(CF3SO2)2CH-, (SF5)3C-, (CF3SO2)3C-, CF3(CF2)7SO3-, CF3CO2-, CH3CO2-, SCN- or (CF3CF2SO2)2N-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorinated alkyl group-containing amide compound is selected from a group consisting of N-fluoroethyl methylcarbamate, N-fluoroethyl ethylcarbamate, N-fluoroethyl-N-methyl methylcarbamate, N-fluoroethyl-N-methyl ethylcarbamate, N-trifluorethyl methylcarbamate, N-trifluoroethyl ethylcarbamate, N-fluoromethyl caprolactam, N-fluoromethyl oxazolidone, N-fluorohexyl oxazolidone, N,N-dimethyl fluoroethyl carbamate, N,N-dimethyl fluoromethyl carbamate or fluoromethyl carbamate. The monomer is vinyl monomer, which is selected from a group consisting of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methacrylonitrile, methylstyrene, vinyl ester, polyvinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylamide, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, methyl vinyl ketone, ethylene, styrene, p-cyanostyrene or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer electrolyte is gel-like polymer electrolyte, which is formed by polymerization reaction of precursor solution containing monomer with eutectic mixture including polymer. The polymer is selected from a group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate or their mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound semiconductor nanoparticle ink is manufactured by utilizing compound semiconductor, which is selected from copper indium diselenide, Copper gallium diselenide, Copper gallium sulfide, compound semiconductor, copper indium sulfide, copper indium gallium diselenide or compound semiconductor having general formula (I). Cu(InxGa1-x)(SeyS1-y)2 (I)x and y=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from toluene, pyridine, chloroform, xylene, hexane, O-dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, alkylamine, butanol, methanol or isopropane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant is selected from octane selenol, acryl ester, polyacrylic acid, polyamide, polystyrene, synthetic rubber, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, resorcinol resin, furan resin, epoxy resin or unsaturated polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is poly norbornene, aromatic fluorene polyester, polyether sulfone, bisphenol A polysulfone, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate, polycarbonate, and cyclic olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Preparation (Disclosed) - The tosylhydrazone derivative represented by chemical formula (II) is prepared by reacting alkyl ester represented by chemical formula (III) under organic solvent with tosyl hydrazide. The C70 fullerene is added to a basic solution containing prepared tosylhydrazone derivative for forming C70 fullerene derivative represented by chemical formula (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductivity polymer is polythiophene. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 compounds are specifically claimed i.e. (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid propyl ester and (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid pentyl ester.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The transparent conductive anode substrate is indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide, and/or tin oxide glass or film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The composite film has hydrocarbon membrane having porosity of 0.05-0.1 mu m, and porous base material having thickness of 10-30 mu m. The hydrocarbon membrane is obtained using polyelectrolyte solution, and laminated between crystalline polyethylene terephthalate film and thickness of 30-50 mu m. The composite film has proton conductivity of 0.05 second/cm at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Elements: The 1B group element is copper. The 3A group element is indium or gallium. The 6A group element is selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reinforcement sheet consists of PTFE, polyvinylidene difluoride, cellulose nitrate, regenerated cellulose, polycarbonate or porous element containing hydrophilically treated PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The cation exchanger is selected from sulfonic acid group, phosphonic acid group, carboxylic acid group or sulfone-imde group. The polysulfone group polymer has a chemical formula (I). The crosslinkable acrylic resin includes a recurring unit, where the recurring unit has a chemical formula (II). (I) (II) In formula (I),R1=1-10C alkyl group, 2-10C alkenyl group, phenyl or nitro radical;X=-C(CF3) or -C(CH3);M=Na, K or H;p=0-4;m=0.1-50;n=0.1-50; andk=5-500.In formula (II),R=H, alkyl group, phenyl group, alkynyl group, benzyl radical, alkenyl group or nitro radical; andR1=H, OH, COOH or hydrocarbon group having COOH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base is potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and/or calcium carbonate. The solvent is mixed solvent of toluene, benzene and/or xylene, and n-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl acetate, dimethyl formamide, phenyl sulfone and/or dimethyl sulfuroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymerization is carried out at 30-250 degrees C for 1-48 hours. Preferred Definitions:    A3,A4=F or NO2;    A5,A6=Cl or NO2;    B1,B2=CO, SO2 or P(O)phenyl;    D1,D2=O or S;    n1-n3=0-2;and    m1=1-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The multi-functional monomer is diacrylate or triacylate, which is selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or hexanediol diacrylate. The multifunctional oligomer is urethane acrylate, which is obtained by reaction between acrylate, diol and isocyanate. The diol is propylene glycol. The isocyanate is isophorone diisocyanate or toluene diisocyanate. The acrylate is hydroxyethylmethacrylate or hydroxyethyl acrylate. The additive is selected from photo-sensitizer, dispersing agent, defoaming agent, leveling agent or thicksotropic agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The diol is polytetramethylene glycol. The additive is polymer stopper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The equivalent multivalent ions are calcium ion, magnesium ion, or ferric ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cation is imidazole containing compound, pyridine containing compound, amino containing compound, triphenyl carboxyl containing compound, triamino methyl containing compound, cyclonitropropyl containing compound, cyclonitropentyl containing compound, phosphorus containing compound, or sulfur containing compound. The organic hole transport material is 2,2',7,7'-quadruple-double (N,N-bi-P-methoxy amide) 9,9'-spirobifluorene.The counter electrode comprises platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, carbon and conductive polymers.The conductive polymer is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), or polyester.The dye layer is of formulae (I')-(IV) or its salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The rotor blade is made of Styrofoam(RTM: Extruded polystyrene foam).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-blocking agent includes silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The former and third sheet layers include 0.01-5 pts.wt. of ultraviolet-absorbing agent, 0.1-1.0 pts.wt. of anti-blocking agent, 0.005-5.0 pts.wt. of cross-linking agent, 0.1-2.0 pts.wt. of triallyl cyanurate and 0.05-5.0 pts.wt. of phenol-derived antioxidant. The ultraviolet-absorbing agent includes hindered amine light stabilizer, benzotriazole group, benzophenone group, salicylate group or their mixture. The cross-linking agent includes dicumyl peroxide, di-tert.-butylperoxy diisopropylbenzene or di-tert.-butyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvents: The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl acetate (sic), methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran or cyclohexanone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium methanesulfonate, fluorine containing lithium methanesulfonate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium chloride, lithium iodide or compound represented by formula (I). LiN(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2)(I)p and q=natural number.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Solvents: The non-aqueous organic solvent contains polypropylene carbonate or poly(methyl vinyl ketone).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal thin film layer includes stainless steel, copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating layer also includes organo silane compound and metal alkoxide, which are partially hydrolyzed with water. The partially hydrolyzed organosilane compound has chemical formulae (I-III) and the partially hydrolyzed metal alkoxide has a chemical formula (IV). (R1)m-Si-X(4-m) (I) (R1)m-O-Si-X(4-m) (II) (R1)m-N(R2)-Si-X(4-m) (III) M-(R3)z (IV)R1=equal or different, halogen, amide, aldehyde, ketone, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, 1-12C alkoxy, alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyl aryl, aryl alkenyl, alkenyl aryl, aryl alkinyl, alkynyl aryl, alkyl carbonyl, carboxy, mercapto, cyano, hydroxyl group, alkoxycarbonyl, acryloxy, methacryloxy, epoxy or vinyl group;R2=H or 1-12C alkyl;R3=halogen, 1-12C alkoxy, acyloxy or hydroxy group;X=H, halogen, 1-12C alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl, or -N(R2)2;m=1-3;M=Al, Cr or Ti; andz=3 or 4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating layer includes oligomer or monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is selected from titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, niobium pentoxide, tin dioxide, silicon dioxide or titanium oxide doped with strontium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gel electrolyte has a compound selected from chemical formulae (I-III).R1=substituted or un-substituted 1-20C alkyl group, 6-20C aryl or 2-20C heteroaryl radical;R2=substituted or un-substituted 1-20C alkyl group, 6-20C aryl or 2-20C heteroaryl radical; anda,b,c=1-50.The gel electrolyte has a compound having chemical formula (IV).a=1-33.Preferred Components: The diacid is glutaric acid, malonic acid or adipic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium raw material precursor is selected from indium trichloride, indium nitrate, indium sulfate, indium hydroxide or their hydrate. The selenium raw material precursor is selected from selenium, hydrogen selenide, sodium selenide, potassium selenide, calcium selenide or selenious acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium raw material precursor is optionally selected from indium acetate. The selenium raw material precursor is optionally selected from dimethyl selenide. The solvent is glycol based solvent, which includes 1-20 vol.% of organic amine chelating agent and 1-20 vol.% of surfactant. The organic amine chelating agent is selected from diethylamine, triethylamine, diethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, toluenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, diphenylmethane diamine, hexamethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, hexamethylenetetramine, 4,4'-diamino diphenyl methane, aromatic amine or urea. The surfactant is selected from hexadecenoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, laurine acid, myristic acid, stearic acid or palmic acid. The glycol based solvent is selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol butylene glycol, sucrose, sorbitol or glycerine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass frit is selected from a group consisting of silicon dioxide-lead oxide-zinc oxide-aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide composition, silicon dioxide-lead oxide-boron trioxide- aluminum oxide composition, zirconium oxide- silicon dioxide-lead oxide-zinc oxide- boron trioxide- aluminum oxide composition and silicon dioxide-strontium oxide- boron trioxide composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of glass or ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of metal. The silicon thin film is formed in a gaseous environment, which is selected from nitrogen, helium, argon or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silicon organic compounds have general formulae (I and II). The substrate is made of plastic.R1 and R2=20C hydrocarbon radical;R5=5C hydrocarbon radical; andm and n=4 or greater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device comprises 3 consecutive zones as follows: (i) transparent glass and/or plastic with a refractive index n1 and a thickness x1 (facing the incident light), (ii) one or more directional dye-zeolite layers consisting of the light-absorbing and light-emitting antennae and (iii) transparent glass and/or plastic with a refractive index n2 and a thickness x2. Individual dye-zeolite layers have a thickness of 100-2000 nm; these layers are directly in contact with one another or separated by relatively thin interlayers of transparent material; the refractive indices of the interlayers and the polymer in which the dye-zeolite layers are embedded, are selected to maximise luminous efficiency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel-cell electrolyte film contains phosphoric acid as proton conduction intermediary. The acid solution contains phosphoric acid and phosphomolybdic acid. The fuel-cell electrolyte film contains a photoinitiator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cage molecule is octasiloxane, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), polyhedral oligomeric silicate (POS) and/or organic silicone compound. The cage molecule is of formula (1)-(3).R=vinyl, Me, Et, isobutyl, isooctyl, styryl, trimethylsiloxyl, vinyl phenyl or aryl.The phosphate compound is ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP). The fuel-cell electrolyte film contains 5-30 wt.% of phosphate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fuel-cell electrolyte film contains a polyimide based resin attached to the phosphate group of the phosphate compound. The polyimide based resin is 2,5-polybenzimidazole and/or 2,6-polybenzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The electron acceptors-cored regioregular oligothiophene (I or II) is obtained by synthesizing regioregular oligothiophene. Preferred Process: The synthesis of regioregular oligothiophene is carried out via divergent process and/or convergent process. The 3-alkylthiophene unit is attached one by one to the electron acceptor cores. The regioregular oligothiophene is synthesized, and then attached to the electron acceptors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The copolymerization is carried out via Suzuki reaction or Stille reaction. Preferred Definitions:    m=2-4;    R1=CzH2z+1;    z=6-12;    R=butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butyloctyl or 2-hexyldecyl;and    EA=benzothiadiazole, benzoxadiazole or benzopyrazine.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The electron acceptors-cored regioregular oligothiophene is 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole of formula (A).    EXAMPLE - 4,7-Di(4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (in g) (4.2), silica gel (0.2), dichloromethane (25 mL) and N-bromosuccinimide (1.84) were mixed for 4 hours and filtered to obtain 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (5.08). A polymer formed using the 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole had excellent crystallinity and solubility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The synthetic resin is selected from epoxy resin polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyetheretherketone, phenol resin or vinyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mask removal solution includes inorganic filler and a solvent. The solvent is selected from alcoholic solvent, glycolic solvent, ether-based solvent, ester-based solvent, ketonic solvent, carbitol, terpineol or texanol. The mask pattern is prepared by using a paste, where the paste includes spin on glass (SOG) material having organometallic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler includes ethyl cellulose, acrylate resin, epoxy resin, polystyrene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metals: The metallic catalyst is comprised of metal selected from aluminum, silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gadolinium, samarium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, tungsten, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, lead or bismuth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide is silica particles, alumina particles, titanium dioxide particles, and/or magnesium oxide particles, preferably spherical particles with grain size of 10-100 nm or length of 10-100 nm. Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic oxide is 50 mass% or less with respect to total content of the electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic compound is preferably dimethyl formamide, urea, acetamide, trifluoroacetamide dimethylurea, tetramethylurea, acetoacetanilide, N-methylacetamide, trifluoro-acetanilide, caprolactam and/or pyrrolidone. The organic compound is keto group-containing compound of formula: R3-N(-R4)-C(=O)-N(-R1)-R2, R3-C(=O)-N(-R1)-R2 or of formula (a-c).R1-R5=H, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or trifluoromethyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further comprises inorganic oxide and polymer. The content of the polymer is 50 mass% or less with respect to total content of the electrolyte. Preferred Component: The polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene and/or polypropylene. Preferred Property: The electrolyte has phase transition point temperature of 25-90 degrees C, preferably 45-65 degrees C, more preferably 45-55 degrees C. Preferred Process: The inorganic oxide and the polymer are mixed into the mixture (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ethyl vinyl acetate and polyvinyl fluoride for sound absorption are successively laminated on the aluminum plate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The doping element is selected from non-metal element(s). The non-metal doping element is nitrogen; and the doping agent is ammonia, urea, thiourea, ethylenediamine, ammonia gas, nitric acid, or soluble ammonium salts. The non-metal doping element is sulfur; and the doping agent is thiourea, sulfuric acid, or sulfate. The non-metal doping element is carbon; and the doping agent is polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 800-16000 or tetrabutyl ammonium. The non-metal doping element is phosphorus; and the doping agent is phosphoric acid or orthophosphorous acid. The non-metal doping element is fluorine; and the doping agent is ammonium fluoride. The non-metal doping element chlorine; and the doping agent is hydrochloric acid. The conductive substrate is tin oxide (SnO2) conductive glass containing fluorine, SnO2 conductive glass containing indium, or SnO2 flexibility conductive glass containing indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium salt solution is 2-6 M titanium tetrachloride hydrochloric salt solution, or 1-5 M alcohol solution of titanium isopropoxide, tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, or tetrahexyl titanate. The non-metal solution is a mixture in which the volume ratio of solvent and water is 1:1, and the alcohol is mixture of butanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethanol, and/or anhydrous methanol. The dye sensitization agent is 4,4',-dicarboxylate bipyridine ruthenium N3 dye; 4,4',-dicarboxylate bipyridine ruthenium N719 dye; or ruthenium complexes N749 dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode substrate is formed using indium-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, or tin-oxide glass or film. The anodic agent is formed using lithium manganate as lithium transition-metal oxide. The anodic agent is formed to a thickness of 1-500 mu m. The cathodic agent is lithium metal, lithium alloy, and/or lithium carbide. The cathode substrate is formed using copper, nickel, and/or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ionic liquid is lithiumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide solution, which is the electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The isolation layer is a polyolefin porous layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution includes sodium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is selected from dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salt: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium aluminate, lithium-aluminum chloride, lithium compound of formula: LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2), where x and y are natural numbers, and/or lithium triflate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of 3,5-dicyclohexyl-1,3,5-thiadiazinane-2-thione in the electrolyte (100 wt.%) is 0.2-1.5 wt.%, preferably 0.2-1 wt.%. Preferred Solvent: the non-aqueous organic solvent is carbonate, ester and/or ketone. The carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and/or butylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode electrode material is selected from calcium, lithium, aluminum, alloy of lithium fluoride and lithium, alkali metal salt, and/or conductive polymer. The mold is made of material selected from metal, metal oxide, ceramic, semiconductor, and/or thermosetting polymer. The electron transfer material is selected from lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium, lithium, and/or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is selected from chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and/or trichlorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is flexible polymer substrate. The electron donor material is selected from poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), poly-3-octylthiophene (P30T), poly-p-phenylenevinylene (PPV), poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV), and/or poly(2-methyl-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MDMO-PPV). The electron acceptor material is selected from (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), (6,6)-phenyl-C.sub.71-butyric acid methyl ester (C70-PCBM), fullerene (C60), (6,6)-thienyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (ThCBM), and/or carbon nanotubes. The hole transfer material is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate, polyaniline, copper phthalocyanine (CuPC), polythiophenylenevinylene, polyvinylcarbazole, poly-p-phenylenevinylene, and/or poly(methylphenylsilane). The transparent electrode material is selected from transparent oxide, conductive polymer, carbon nanotube thin film, graphene thin film, graphene oxide thin film, and/or metal-combined carbon nanotube thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device further comprises exciton blocking layer between first electrode layer and continuous semiconductor layer comprising carbon nanotube-polymer composite and lithium fluoride layer between continuous semiconductor layer and second electrode layer. The optical filament comprises glass, quartz or polymer. The first electrode layer comprises conducting oxide consisting of indium tin oxide, gallium tin oxide and/or zinc indium tin oxide. The filler comprises carbon nanotubes including organic dye(s)-functionalized carbon nanotubes, or quantum dots. The second electrode layer comprises gold, silver, copper and/or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The semiconductive materials comprise polymer-based semiconductors, nanocomposite consisting of polymer and filler, or preferably poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl(6,6)-carbon 71 nanocomposite and nanocomposite consisting of poly((m-phenylene vinylene)-co-(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylene vinylene)) doped with carbon nanotubes. The polymer comprises P3HT, poly(3-octylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy-p-phenylene vinylene)), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) and/or sodium poly(2-(3-thienyl)-ethoxy-4-butylsulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chemical compound or the material with moisture blocking properties is selected from metals, semi-metals, alloys, borides, carbides, diamond, diamond-like carbon, silicides, nitrides, phosphides, oxides, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides; any multinary compounds composed of borides, carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides, oxides, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides; or high-temperature stable organic polymers and high-temperature stable silicones.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The porous inorganic solid is oxide, where the oxide is metal oxide (preferably aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide and magnesium oxide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The adhesive comprises ethyl cellulose and terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The acrylate polymer is polyethylene oxide. The content of acrylate polymer is 3-5 weight% with respect to 100 weight% of polyelectrolyte. The acrylate monomer is 2-ethylhexylacrylate or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate. The content of acrylate monomer is 1-3 weight% with respect to 100 weight% of polyelectrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid electrolyte salt is lithium electrolyte salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polyalkylene glycol (meth)acrylate is of formula: H2C=C(-R1)-C(=O)-O-(R2-O)n-C(=O)-C(-R1)=CH2 (1).R1=H or methyl;R2=2-4C bivalent hydrocarbyl;andn=1-23.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The content of sulfonate or sulfonimide salt is 0.3 mol/kg or less. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains halogenated carbonate of formula (3) and carbonate having carbon-carbon multiple bond. The halogenated carbonated is fluoroethylene carbonate. The carbonate having carbon-carbon multiple bond is vinylene carbonate. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided in external component (30) containing laminate film. The non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably high molecular compound which is polyvinylidene fluoride or its copolymer.R31-R34=H, halo or alkyl. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=3-8C perfluoro alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive lead outs are comprised of tin or aluminum-tin alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive layer formed on the internal and external glasses is made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Sintering is carried out from normal temperature to 550 degrees C for 2-3 hours and then curing is carried out. Preferred Component: The insulating medium serum is mixed serum of inorganic oxide (60-80), glass powder (2-8), molecular caking agent and terpilenol. The semiconductor powder is made of oxide of titanium, zinc and/or tin. The thickness of nano porous semiconductor thin film is 1-100 microns. The platinic chloride serum is mixture of platinic chloride (0.5-5%), ethyl cellulose and terpilenol. The mass ratio of ethyl cellulose and terpilenol is 1:5-1:9. The electrolyte is liquid electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, quasi solid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte. Preferred Film: The transparent current-conducting film is made from indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide or aluminium-doped zinc oxide. The current-conducting silver serum is mixed serum of metal silver powder (in mass%) (60-80), glass powder (2-8), high molecular caking agent and terpilenol. The mass ratio of high molecular caking agent and terpilenol is 1:9-1:20. The sealing substrate is transparent glass plate, transparent organic glass plate or transparent plastic plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The dye is 0.2-2 mM ethanol solution of N3 or N719 dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The high molecular caking agent is ethyl cellulose, epoxy resin or metlbond (RTM: resin). Preferred Film: The sealing film is made of polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or sarin ionized resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The film forming material is inorganic glass, or a ceramic material. The light collection film is formed of an inorganic glass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The luminescent material comprises an inorganic luminescent material. The inorganic luminescent material comprises far-UV convert near-UV luminescent material, blue inorganic luminescent material, green luminescent material, green-yellow light material, or red inorganic luminescent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The luminescent material comprises an organic luminescent material. The light collection film is formed of a transparent organic resin. The organic luminescent material comprises far-UV convert near-UV organic luminescent material, blue organic luminescent material, green organic low molecular luminescent material, yellow organic low molecular luminescent material, red organic low molecular luminescent material, or conjugated organic high molecular luminescent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The film forming material is a high molecular organic polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A dust-proof film made of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene is formed in surface of housing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fillers are boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, metal oxides and silicates with a particle size of 50 nm to 200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fine-particle dispersed and/or dissolved thermoplastic and elastic resins comprise polyolefin, polyester, polyvinyl compounds and poly(meth)acrylates in the form of homopolymers and copolymers of different structure types in a particle size of 0.1-100 mu m and/or viscosity of 0.01-50 Pas. The resin is epoxy-, polyurethane-, polyester-, melanin-based- and phenol-based-resins. The other polymers are copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene and propylene with other olefins and vinyl acetate, esters of acrylic- and methacrylic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinyl butyral. The barrier layer consists of polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, metal foil, glass and/or fiber reinforced materials with embedded fillers and additives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent is acetone, glycol, butanediol, neopentyl glycol, neopentyl glycol, diglycol, triglycol, polyethylene glycol, and/or diacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The fluid material comprises high molecular polymer powder and solvent. The polymer powder is epoxide resin, polyaminoresin acrylate, polyester acrylic ester, polyether ether, and/or epoxide polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid reactant comprises a liquid chosen from water, alcohol and peroxide. The solid anhydrous reactant is reactant comprising chemical hydride and an anhydrous activating agent, or is chosen from chlorate, perchlorate, super oxide and ozonide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon catalyst has atomic ratio of surface oxygen atom with respect to surface carbon atom of 0.1-0.4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The carbon-precursor compound containing oxygen atom is acetylacetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is optionally phosphomolybdic acid. The polyimide compound is 2,2-Bis(3-amino-4-hydroxy phenyl) hexafluoropropane or 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The face hardening film is glass. The fluorine resin is used as the face hardening film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The UV stabilizer is nickel chelator. The light-diffusing agent is selected from silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide or magnesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV stabilizer is selected from benzophenone, benzotriazole or hindered aminelight stabilizer (HALS). The light diffusion coating solution comprises 0.1-5 wt.% of light-diffusing agent, 10-35 wt.% of organic binder, 60-85 wt.% of organic solvent, 0.1-5 wt.% of dispersing agent and 0.1-5 wt.% of other additives. The organic binder resin is selected from methylmethacrylate, acrylate, epoxy series, melamine system, urethane or urethane-acryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin resin is polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, ethylene or vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylenevinylacetate copolymer, ethylene or vinyl alcohol copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene or chlorinated polypropylene. The light-diffusing agent is polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene and their copolymer, or poly-silicon. The organic binder resin is polyester. The face hardening film is fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic fluoro-compound is selected from 1,3,5-tris(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene, 1,3,5-tris(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)benzene, 1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-3,5-difluorobenzene or 1-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-3,5-difluorobenzene. 1,3,5-Tris(chlorocarbonyl)benzene is prepared by reacting aluminum chloride and fluorobenzene through Friedel-Crafts reaction. The non-solvent is selected carbon tetrachloride, dimethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, diethyl ether or diisopropyl ether. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The porous carbon contains carbon material having air bubble of average diameter of 10-40 nm. The aspect ratio and porosity of the carbon material is 1-1000 and 20-80%, respectively. The carbon material is fibrous material, cloth or non-woven type material. The carbon material contains pore-forming material chosen from oxide of silicon, aluminum, zirconium and/or titanium, alkaline, microemulsion polymer bead and styrene. The carbon precursor is petroleum type pitch, coal type pitch, polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polyacrylonitrile, mesophase pitch, furfuryl alcohol, furan, phenol, cellulose, sucrose and/or polyvinylchloride. The weight ratio of the carbon precursor and pore-forming material is 99:1-5:95. Preferred Method: The spinning process during manufacture of porous carbon is electro spinning, melt spinning or melt blown carbon spinning process. The spraying process is performed by electrospray and/or spray drying method. Preferred Components: The acid is nitric acid, sulfuric acid and/or hydrofluoric acid. The base is sodium hydroxide or mixture containing sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode metal current collector is made of aluminum foil and stainless steel, and cathode metal current collector is made of nickel foil, copper foil and stainless steel. The anode material includes manganese dioxide and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The stainless steel is selected from austenitic stainless steel SUS304, austenitic stainless steel SUS316, ferrite stainless steel SUS430 or ferritic stainless steel SUS444.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anode material includes polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, olefinic resins, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, and styrol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The slurry contains active material, electro-conductive auxiliary, binder, and solvent. The viscosity of the slurry is 1000-30000 cps. The binder and solvent are polyvinylidene fluoride and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Manufacturing the membrane above comprises: (a) providing a membrane of a microperforated siloxane polymer matrix; (b) placing the microperforations of (a) in a polymer electrolyte solution in liquid form; and (c) plasma oxidation of the exposed surfaces of siloxane polymer on both sides. The polymer membrane perforation of siloxane in (a) is carried out by: soft lithography, mechanical drilling, etching or ablation, preferably using soft lithography, preferably soft lithography comprising: (i) making a mold made of silicon micromachining; (ii) landfill and curing the siloxane polymer on the mold; and (iii) extraction of the polymer mold. The columns/mold holes are defined in a range of 5 mu m wide and 1000 microns thick, are spaced at 5 mu m and 1000 microns thick and have a height of 50-500 mu m. The electrolyte is a proton exchanger, the membrane is to be used in a fuel micropyle and because it comprises between (ii) filling and (c) oxidation comprises incorporation of catalysts into the membrane on both sides to function as membrane-electrode assembly or a diffusion layer that can be added between the membrane and current collectors. Preferred Membrane: In the hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane, the polymer electrolyte is a polymer ion exchange within the group of perfluorinated polymers with sulfonic acid and perfluorosulfonic acid terminal strings. The siloxane polymer is a polymer having siloxane groups. The siloxane polymer is preferably polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the ion exchange polymer is Nafion. The perforations have a size of 5 mu m wide and 1000 mu m thick and are spaced at 5 mu m and 1000 mu m thick and have a height of 50-500 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The back side metallic layer may also be made of nickel, palladium, titanium, silver, gold, aluminum, copper, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, and/or tin. Preferred Component: The transparent conductive oxide is tin dioxide:fluorine; zinc oxide:aluminum; and/or indium oxide:tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The diffuse reflective layer is made of polyamide, sulfo-polyester, polyketone, polyester, and/or acrylic resins loaded with a white pigment such as sub-micrometer particles of titanium dioxide to make them reflective. The back side metallic layer is made of electric conducting plastics and/or other electric conducting polymer formulations such as carbon polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The copper-aluminum-oxide catalyst is formed by homogeneous precipitation, coprecipitation or sol-gel method, and is treated with steam-containing gas. Preferred Catalyst: The copper-aluminum-oxide catalyst has copper-aluminum molar ratio of 4:1-1:4. The catalyst further contains manganese, iron, cobalt, chromium and/or nickel as active component, and is calcined at 300-600 degrees C. The catalyst is amorphous.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive material is copper or nickel. The corrosion-resistant metal layer is made from material containing gold or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The current collector further comprising secondary conductive particles alloyed with the carbon nanotubes. The dispersion comprises secondary particles. Preferred Components: The carbon nanotubes are chosen from carbon nanotube having diameter of 0.5-40 nm. The substrate is non-conductive, non-woven, and formed from a polymer. The secondary particles are chosen from carbon, gold-nickel, gold-iron, gold-cobalt, gold-iridium, bimetallic and their oxides, lithium-nickel-cobalt complex oxide (LiNiCoO2), lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum complex oxide (LiNiCoAlO2), lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt complex oxide (LiNiMnCoO2), coke, graphite, tin, mesocarbon microbead, silicon, non-metal oxide and metal oxide, lead and lead oxide, platinum, silver, zinc, silver oxide, zinc oxide, or nano metals. Preferred Property: The secondary particles have diameter of 0.5 nm to 100 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, an output power of the microwave generator is 1-3000 W, a heating temperature by the microwave generator is 10-500 degrees C and a heating period is 1 minute to 10 hours. Baking the solution is performed in a high temperature vacuum oven, with a heating temperature of 30-100 degrees C, and with a heating period of 1-100 hours. Preferred Components: The group IB elements comprise copper. The group IIIA elements comprise arsenic and indium. The group VIA elements comprise selenium and sulfur.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A solvent of the solution comprises water, alcohol, benzene, amine, pyridine, tri-n-octyl phosphide, or other organic or inorganic solutions. The washing agent comprises deionized water and ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyaniline. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin film consists of tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro-alkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. An additive of 0.1-90 wt.% which is reactive to process gas is contained in fluorine resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The dialkoxysilane (15 mass parts or less, preferably 0.03-12 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of zinc ionomer) has 1-3C alkyl group, and is chosen from 3-aminopropyl alkyl-dialkoxysilane and N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl alkyl-dialkoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene copolymer composition further contains antioxidant chosen from ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer and weather stabilizer, and structural unit derived from (meth)acrylate. The content of structural unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid is 1-25 mass% with respect to total mass of copolymer. Preferred Property: The zinc ionomer has neutralization degree of 10-60%. EXAMPLE - Zinc ionomer of ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (70 g) having methacrylic acid content of 15 mass%, melt flow rate of 5 g/10 minutes and neutralization degree of 23% and N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyl-dimethoxysilane (0.7 g) were mixed at 150 degrees C for 15 minutes, to obtain ethylene copolymer composition. The obtain ethylene copolymer composition had excellent stability, moldability, adhesiveness with respect to base material, transparency, heat resistance and flexibility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid purified liquid contains nitric acid or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali-cleaning liquid contains alkali chemical (0.5-5 weight%), aluminum corrosion inhibitor (0.1-10 weight%), chelating agent, surfactant and water. The surfactant is chosen from non-ionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, and cationic surfactant, preferably fluorochemical surfactant having 4-10C perfluoro alkyl or perfluoro alkenyl group, and compound containing phosphate, carboxylate salt, trimethylammonium salt, betaine, alkylamino oxide, and ethylene oxide adduct in hydrophilic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum alloy foil electrode comprises (in mass%): copper (0.01 or less), magnesium (0.01 or less), nickel (0.01 or less), chromium (0.01 or less), zirconium (0.01 or less), titanium (0.01 or less), zinc (0.01 or less), and gallium (0.01 or less). The thickness of aluminum alloy foil electrode is 6-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte composition further contains high molecular compound. Preferred Component: The cyclic carbonate (1) is butylene carbonate. The halogenated cyclic carbonate (2) is fluoroethylene carbonate. The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is accommodated in exterior component including laminate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The silicon oxide vapor deposition layer is formed on the surface of polyethylene-terephthalate film (12) by vapor deposition. The weather resistant resin layer contains film of polyethylene naphthalate or fluororesin. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the sphere-shaped particles is 4-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Additive such as crosslinking adjuvant, silane coupling agent, UV absorber, optical stabilizer and antioxidant is mixed to the multilayer sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The TCO is chosen from fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide and/or tin-doped indium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The reflective layer includes polyamide, sulfo-polyester, polyketone, polyester and/or acrylic resin, and is made reflective by loading white pigment such as sub-micrometer particles of titanium dioxide. The metal layer includes nickel, palladium, titanium, silver, gold, aluminum, copper, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, tin or mixture of metals, electric conducting plastic and/or other electric conducting polymer formulation such as carbon polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Circuit board radiating devices are made of stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A soft air expansion and contraction relieving device is made of elastic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises LiPF6, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiClO4, LiAlCl4, LiGaCl4, LiNO3, or LiSO3F. The silicon negative electrode is composed of a silicon powder, and the surface of the silicon powder is further covered by a carbon film. The carbon film to the silicon powder has a weight ratio of 10-50 wt.%. The lithium mixed metal oxide positive electrode comprises: LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, Li2Cr2O7, Li2CrO4, LiNiO2, LiFeO2, LiNixCo1-xO2, LiFePO4, LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2, LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2, and/or LiMc0.5Mn1.5O4.x=0-1;Mc=divalent metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises gamma -butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate and/or ethylmethyl carbonate. The bismaleimide is a compound of formula (I). The lithium salt comprises LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiSCN, LiO3SCF2CF3, LiC6F5SO3, LiO2CCF3, LiB(C6H5)4, and/or LiCF3SO3.R=-(CH2)2-, -(CH2)6-, -(CH2)8-, -(CH2)12-, -CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, -T1-O-T1-, -T1-CH2-T1-, or 1-methyl-1,4-phenylene;T1=1,4-phenylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The lithium mixed metal oxide positive electrode further comprises a polymer binder containing poly(vinyliden fluoride), styrene-butadiene rubber, polyamide and/or melamine resin. The separator comprises polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cation-conducting electrolyte(s) is chosen from proton exchange membranes, alkaline solution, polymer membranes, nafion (RTM: perfluorinated polymer), polybenzimidazole fiber, molten phosphoric acid and proton conducting ceramic oxides. The anion-conducting electrolyte is chosen from ceramic oxides, doped zirconium dioxide, doped cerium oxide and molten alkaline carbonates. The double-electrolyte fuel-cell further has a fuel channel (192) which delivers fuel to anode, an oxidant channel (194) which delivers oxidant to cathode, and a porous water collection layer (170) laminated between proton conductor and oxygen ion conductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The storage unit has means for adjusting the surface potential of the adsorbent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecules are essentially non-polar and are hydrogen or hydrogen containing molecules, preferably a 1-6C alkane. The adsorbent is a high surface area absorbent having either a positive or negative charge. The electric/magnetic field is at least 3.4304e4 statV/cm. The molecules are at least partially in the gaseous state. The adsorbent is charged and the charge is controlled by using potential. The adsorbent has at least 0.08 kg hydrogen/kg adsorbed on it. Preferred Method: The stored molecules are released and the release is carried out by reducing the charge. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The housing is made of nitride, aluminum oxide or aluminum. The metal ring connected to conductor of electric path, is bonded to annular insulator formed of aluminum oxide or aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transition metal oxide comprises vanadium oxide as a main component and is prepared by adding phosphorus pentachloride and strontium oxide to vanadium pentoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The (meth)acrylic type copolymer is obtained by polymerizing monomer containing 15-50 weight% of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 50-85 weight% of butyl(meth)acrylate. Preferred Properties: The adhesive layer has thickness of 30-150 mu m. The ether type urethane resin foam sheet has thickness of 1-6 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flexible bonding material layer comprises polyvinyl butyral or transparent ethylene-vinyl acetate. The insulating plate comprises epoxide resin plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flexible substrate comprises leather.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrolyte utilizes an anode selected from carbon, graphite, metal oxide, nitrogen-based metal, silicide-based metal and a metal alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte utilizes a cathode selected from lithium manganese oxide, lithium doped nickel cobalt manganese oxide and lithium ion phosphate, and a target selected from lithium boron trioxide and lithium boron tetraoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor oxide is selected from a group consisting of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide and strontium-titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyolefin resin is selected from propylene, butene, hexane, octane or ethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A polyolefin resin is also included, which is selected from high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, very low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene diene rubber, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene or thermoplastic elastomer. The outside covering layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate or nylon. The sealant layer comprises polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Elements: The metal catalyst comprises platinum, ruthenium, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt, tungsten, iron, iridium, rhodium, silver, gold, osmium, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, zinc, boron, aluminum, gallium, tin, lead, antimony, selenium, tellurium, cesium, rubidium, magnesium, strontium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium and/or rhenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt includes 0.5-0.9 mole of lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfate group compound is ethylene sulfate. The non-aqueous solvent is selected from dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, sulfuran, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, cyclic carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate or their mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compounds: The anode contains metal oxide, metal precursor or ceramics (1-70 weight%). The metal precursor is chosen from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, silver, rhodium, molybdenum, iron and manganese, nickel precursor and yttrium stabilized zirconia. The nickel precursor is nickel oxide, nickel chloride, nickel bromide and/or nickel hydroxide, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium or cerium oxide (CeO2). The metal oxide is oxides of molybdenum, iron and/or manganese, yttrium stabilized zirconia, gadolinium doped ceria, silver dihydrogen citrate, lanthanum strontium gallate magnesite and lanthanum molybdate. The metal oxide coating electrolyte on fuel electrode contains lanthanum strontium manganese, lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite, strontium-doped lanthanum chromite or lanthanum strontium copper ferrite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The electrolyte of fuel cell contains Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene), phosphorus pentoxide-silica and cesium hydrogen sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plates with square or rectangular shape are made of resin equipped of glass fiber and by molding of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The strip of conductive polymer is conductive due to its chemical nature or through the addition of fillers, e.g. metal or graphite which make the strip opaque.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The first transparent protective layer is made of amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyolefins, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), or ethylene or tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The transparent second protective layer is made as a single or multi-layer or polymeric blend with materials including amorphous PET, polyolefins, PMMA, PC, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, multi-layer polyvinyl fluoride/ethylene tetrafluoroethylene/PVF, single layer or multi-layer polyamide, PET, PTFE, multi-layer PC or fluorinated polymer, possibly with addition of ethylene vinyl acetate layer, polyamide or ionomer blend.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic electron donor material is made of cyanofluorocarbon groups of polymers, trifluoromethyl groups of polymers, polythiophenes, polyanilines, polyvinylcarbazoles, polyphenylenes, polyphenylvinylenes, polysilanes, polythienylenevinylenes, polyisothianaphthanenes, polycyclopentadithiophenes, polysilacyclopentadithiophenes, polycyclopentadithiazoles, polythiazolothiazoles, polythiazoles, polybenzothiadiazoles, polythiophene oxides, polycyclopentadithiophene oxides, polythiadiazoloquinoxaline, polybenzoisothiazole, polybenzothiazole, polythienothiophene, polythienothiophene oxide, polydithienothiophene, polydithienothiophene oxides, polytetrahydroisoindoles, copolymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly cyclopentadithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrically conductive film comprises a transparent conductive oxide layer (preferably indium- tin-oxide and zinc oxide). The electrically conductive material comprises metal selected from gold, silver, chromium, titanium, copper, and aluminum. The wavelength conversion layer comprises at least one rare earth ion selected from of erbium, ytterbium, and neodymium. The wavelength conversion layer comprises at least one material selected from beta -barium Borate (BBO), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), lithium niobate (LiNO3), polydiacetylenes, poly-3-butoxy-carbonyl-methyl-urethane (poly(3BCMU)), poly-3-butoxy-carbonyl-methyl-urethane (poly(4-BCMU))) and dendritic nonlinear organic glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component (ii) contains polymeric block (A) and polymeric block (B). 80% or more of double bond of conjugated diene compound unit of component (ii) is hydrogenated. The polymeric block (A) contains 50 mass% or more of aromatic vinyl compound unit. The polymeric block (B) contains 50 mass% or more of conjugated diene compound unit, and has total of 1,2-bond content and 3,4-bond content of 30-90%. The component (ii) is hydrogenated diene polymer having functional group chosen from carboxy, acid anhydride, epoxy, (meth)acryloyl, amino, alkoxy silane, hydroxy, isocyanate and oxazoline group. The component (iii) is olefin polymer having functional group chosen from carboxy, acid anhydride, epoxy, (meth)acryloyl, amino, alkoxy silane, hydroxy, isocyanate and oxazoline group. The component (iii) is acid anhydride group-containing propylene polymer or ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. A thermoplastic resin and/or metal are laminated on surface of sealing material sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal layer comprises an alloy of niobium, titanium and nickel. A palladium (alloy) layer is formed on the surface of metal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The protective layer is made of acrylic resin added with silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery cover board is made of long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium perfluoro butanesulfonate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium imide salt LiN(CpF(2p+1)SO2)(CqF(2q+1)SO2) (where p and q are natural numbers), lithium chloride or lithium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent is a carbonate, an ester, an ether or a ketone. The carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate or pentylene carbonate. The ester is n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, dimethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone or caprolactone. The ether is dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, dimethoxy ethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or tetrahydrofuran. The ketone is cyclohexanone or polymethylvinyl ketone. EXAMPLE - Lithium hexafluorophosphate (1 M) was added to a solvent mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate (1:1:1). Difluoro oxalato borate (0.5 parts by weight) and fluoro ethylene carbonate (3 parts by weight) was added to the above mixture to give the electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent resin in the sealing material of the solar cell module is selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, polystyrene resin, polycarbonate resin and rubber-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The wavelength conversion layer has corrugated structure in a surface inside of the photovoltaic device. The photovoltaic device further has fine grooving in the corrugated structure. Preferred Properties: The corrugated structure in the photovoltaic device has elevation difference of 300 nm to 100 mu m and in-plane period of 300 nm to 50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Process: The corrugated structure is obtained by laminating different wavelength conversion layers. The wavelength conversion layer is formed using an inkjet such as piezo system-inkjet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The wavelength conversion composition contains oxide fine particles (4), and bismuth, and the wavelength conversion substance is contained in the oxide fine particles. The wavelength conversion substance contains europium, erbium, dysprosium, and/or neodymium. The semiconductor fine particles contain silicon or zinc oxide. Preferred Properties: The content of oxide fine particles in the wavelength conversion composition is 40-60 vol.%. The oxide fine particles have average particle diameter of 20-100 nm, preferably 45-55 nm. Preferred Component: The oxide fine particles are microparticles of silica or zirconia, or yttrium-vanadium oxide (YVO4) or yttrium oxide (Y2O3) microparticles. The wavelength conversion substance is semiconductor fine particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The ion-exchangeable functional group is sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphonic acid group, phosphinic acid group, arsenious acid group, phenoxide group, quaternary ammonium group, tertiary sulfonium group, quaternary pyridinium group, primary amino group, secondary amino group, tertiary amino group, pyridyl group and/or imidazole group. Preferred Compound: The surface treating agent is silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon material contains a carbonized carbon-precursor polymer comprising nitrogen as a main component. Preferred Property: The shape of the carbon material is powder form, particulate form, aggregated form, fibrous form and/or sheet form. Preferred Process: The surface of the carbon material is grafted, after processing with a surface treating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon catalyst has atomic ratio of surface nitrogen atom with respect to surface carbon atom of 0.01-0.3, and ratio of nitrogen atom (a) and nitrogen atom (b) of 0.8-1.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The carbon-precursor compound containing nitrogen atom is imidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A carbon-precursor polymer is prepared using polybenzimidazole. The transition metal or compound of transition metal is mixed to carbon-precursor polymer. The mixture of transition metal or compound of transition metal and carbon-precursor polymer are carbonized, and nitrogen is added to carbonized carbon-precursor polymer to obtain carbon catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The absorber layer comprises Group IV materials, Group II-VI compounds, Group III-V compounds, or Group I-III-VI compounds. It also comprises silicon, amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, germanium or silicon-germanide. It further comprises a compound from cadmium telluride, lead selenide, lead telluride, tin selenide, tin sulfide, tin telluride, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, copper-indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) or CIS. The window layer comprises cadmium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: First contact(s) comprises a contiguous coating on a via wall.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The absorber layer comprises organic polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive coating film of outer and inner side frames further contains room-temperature hardenable resin composition. The frame material having gas barrier property contains resin composition having ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer as main component. Preferred Compounds: The siloxane compound is polyorganosiloxane compound having 2 or more hydrolyzable groups in a molecule, and is of formula (1). The fluorine compound is fluoropolyether compound having 2 or more hydrolyzable groups in a molecule, and has perfluoropolyether structure in principal chain of the molecule, and is of formula (2).n=300-2000;p,q=0 or integer;andp+q=integer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound has phenyl group bonded together with the sulfonic acid group. The compound is obtained by reacting a silane-coupling agent having an amino group, and a sulfonic-acid compound having a carboxylic acid group and a sulfonic acid group, or by reacting a silane-coupling agent having an oxirane group, and a sulfonic-acid compound having an amino group and a sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactive diluent is tert-butylphenol glycidyl ether, phenyl monoglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether, and/or cyclohexanediol diglycidyl ether. The curing agent is fatty amine, cycloaliphatic amine, aromatic amine, pyrrole, glyoxaline and/or lactam.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A type epoxy resin and/or bisphenol F type epoxy resin. The bisphenol A type epoxy resin is epoxy resin E-56, E-51, or E-44.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The porous substrate refers to carbon paper or carbon cloth. The hydrophobic solution is mainly composed of hydrophobic components. In (a), the drying process refers to drying through blowing with hot air by a blower at 45-80 degrees C, naturally airing or drying using a blasting oven or an infrared heater at 45-150 degrees C. Preferred Components: The hydrophobic components include fluoropolymer, where the fluoropolymer refers to one or mixture of several of polyfluortetraethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylfluoride (PVF) and fluorinated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealant waste is waste rubber blocks producing during manufacture of acrylon plastic using sodium sulfocyanate as a solvent. Preferred Method: Polyacrylonitrile waste is washed, crushed to grain diameter of 1-20 nm, hydrolyzed by mixing with sodium hydroxide, and reacted at 90-100 degrees C for 2-24 hours. The mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile waste, sodium hydroxide and water is 1:(0.05-0.8):2-30. The obtained hydrolytic solution is mixed with cement to use as sealant for biogas tank. An additive is added to the hydrolytic solution, before mixing with cement. The additive is sodium silicate. The mass ratio of hydrolytic solution, additive and cement is 100:(0.5-5):20-500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The accumulator uses a connecting flange that is made of a plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass layer has a sodium oxide content of 0-10 wt.% and an alkali oxide content of less than or equal to 25 wt.%. The photovoltaic functional material comprises copper indium gallium diselenide, cadmium telluride and crystalline, nanocrystalline and/or amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises a material comprising float glass, fusion formable glass, soda lime glass, plastic, and a polycarbonate. The laminate layer comprises a material comprising polyvinyl butyral, a UV curable resin, a thermoplastic, a thermoplastic ionoplast, polycarbonate, polyurethane, a UV curable polymer and/or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given for the compound (I). Preferred Components: The polymer segment (I) is repeated'i'times to form polymer unit ((E1(Z1)d)-P1-Q1-P2)i and polymer segment (II) is repeated'j'times to form polymer unit 4-(E2-P2-Q2-P2)j-.'i'and'j'are 1-500 (preferably 1-35 or 5-60, especially 5-35). The polymers have a hydrophobic perfluorocyclobutane ether chain segment and a hydrophilic sulfonated perfluorocyclobutane ether chain segment. The total number of segments (I) in a polymer sample is greater than or equal to half the total number of segments (II) in that polymer sample. The total number of segments having formula (I) plus the total number of segments having formula (II) is less than 500 with the total number of segments having formula (I) being greater than the total number of segments having formula (II). Preferred Compound: The polymer (I) comprises segment of formula (ia) and (ib).nj, ni=block counting number (preferably block copolymer, a random copolymer, or a multiblock copolymer). Preferred Definitions:    Q1 and Q2=perfluorocyclobutyl moiety;    E2=2,2'-diphenyl hexafluoropropane moiety;    E1=diphenyl moiety;    Q1 and Q2=1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-cyclobutyl-1,2-diyl or 1,2,2,3,4,4-hexafluorobutyl-1,3-diyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polar organic solvent is water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar ion-radical has general formula (I). The polar organic solvent is selected from alcohol or mixed solvent of alcohol. In formula (I),x=0.5-1;y+z=0-0.5;x+y+z=1;n=1-300;A=general formulae (II-V);B'=general formulae (VI-IX); andC'=aromatic heterocyclic unit having general formulae (X-XII).In formulae (II-V),R1 and R2=amino, quaternary ammonium salt, nitrile, carboxyl, sulfonic, phosphate or p-phenyl.In formulae (VI-IX),R3 and R4=H, 1-20C alkyl, p-phenyl or carbazyl group.In general formulae (X-XII),X=S or Se; andR5, R6, R7 and R8=H, 1-10C alkyl, quinolyl, general formulae (XIII-XIV), thienyl group or their derivatives having general formulae (XV-XVII), selenophene group or their derivatives having general formulae (XVIII-XX) or quinoxaline derivatives having general formulae (XXI-XXIII).In general formulae (XXIV-XXVII),R9 and R10=H or 1-10C alkyl group or general formulae (XXIV-XXVII), where X is sulfur or selenium and R11 and R12 are H or 1-10C alkyl or p-phenyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent contains aromatic hydrocarbon of formula (3).R=halo or 1-10C alkyl;andn=1-5.The ester is butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, N-methyl acetate, N-ethyl acetate and/or N-propyl acetate. The ethylene carbonate derivative is fluorine ethylene carbonate. The organic solvent is carbonate, ester, ether and/or ketone. The carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate and/or methyl ethyl carbonate. The carbonate is mixed solvent of chain-type carbonate and cyclic carbonate. The aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, fluorotoluene, difluorotoluene, trifluorotoluene and/or xylene. Preferred Composition: The content of 1-alkylphosphonic acid cyclic anhydride is 0.01-5 weight%. The content of ethylene carbonate derivative is 0.01-10 weight%. The weight ratio of 1-alkylphosphonic acid cyclic anhydride and ethylene carbonate derivative is 1:1. The content of additive is 0.1-10 weight%. The volume ratio of carbonate with respect to aromatic hydrocarbon is 1:1-30:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer consists of polyimide, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyolefin and fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation layer comprises material selected from group containing epoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyimide resin, polyvinyl resin, silicone resin and a fluoro-resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid composition (C1) is a liquid top coat composition further comprises at least one additive selected from a non-conductive pigment, inorganic filler, slippery agent, UV absorber, hindered amine light stabilizer, defoamer, antioxidant and cure enhancing agent. The liquid composition (C1) is a liquid base coat composition further comprises a UV absorber, hindered amine light stabilizer, antioxidant and leveling agent. The liquid base coat composition (C2) comprises (wt.%): at least one aliphatic urethane acrylic oligomer (35-75); acrylate diluent monomer (0-30); photo-initiator (1-5); and leveling agent (0.1-1). The liquid top coat composition (C3) further comprises nonionic defoamer and cure enhancer. The liquid top coat composition (C3) comprises (wt.%): at least one aliphatic urethane acrylic oligomer (35-70); acrylate diluent monomer (15-30); photo-initiator (1-5); nonconductive pigment (1-10), nonionic wetting agent (0.1-1.5); nonionic UV stabilizer (1-5); and nonionic antioxidant (0.5-3.5). Preferred Components: The substrate surface is silicon dioxide, where the substrate is a PV module. The aliphatic urethane acrylic oligomer comprises aliphatic urethane acrylate and the acrylate diluent monomer comprises isobornyl acrylate. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves after applying a liquid base coat, curing the base coated surface; after applying a liquid top coat curing the coated surface, where curing involves exposing the base coated surface or exposing the coated surface to UV light and the liquid primer coat composition comprises a wetting agent. EXAMPLE - A liquid composition was prepared comprising (%): Z-6030 (RTM: silane coupling agent) (0.5), Z-6070 (RTM: hydrophobic silane) (0.3), and TMN-6 (RTM: non ionic wetting agent) (0.05) and the pH was adjusted using acetic acid to 4.1. The solution was stirred at 40 degrees C for 10 minute before application to the substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The window layer contains cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc oxide or zinc magnesium oxide. The copper indium disulfide is mixed with copper indium aluminum disulfide. The sulfur-containing species are hydrogen sulfide. The processed is carried out using indium material containing argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon fiber sheet has thickness of 100-350 mu m and fabric weight of 40-200 g/m2. Preferred Component: The carbon particle (A and B) are graphite particles or carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The liquid-crystal polymer is fully aromatic polyester. The fluororesin is a thermoplastic fluororesin obtained by copolymerizing a fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer having a hydroxyl group, and an ethylenic monomer not having a hydroxyl group. The ethylenic monomer not having a hydroxyl group is tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and/or perfluoroalkylvinylether. The polymer film is a polyimide film containing non-thermoplastic polyimide obtained by polycondensing aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and aromatic diamine. The polymer film contains polyimide benzoxazole obtained by polycondensing aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and aromatic diamine having benzoxazole structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer is a plastic alloy layer of polyvinylidene fluoride alloy and inorganic material. The inorganic material is selected from one or more of the inorganic substances whose structural formula is AxBy; A is silicon, magnesium, titanium, zinc, aluminum, molybdenum or barium; B is oxygen, sulfur or sulfate radical; x and y are selected from 1, 3 and 3, respectively. The inorganic substance comprises silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and molybdenum sulfide, or zinc sulfide, barium sulfate and titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide. The inorganic material accounts for 10%-40% of the total weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer. The white polyethylene layer is a plastic alloy layer made of polyethylene mixed with inorganic white paint, ultraviolet stabilizer and thermal oxidative aging stabilizer. The inorganic white paint is titanium pigment or barium sulfate. The structural reinforcement layer is a polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer. The polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer is a biaxially oriented polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer. The first and the second adhesive layers can be one selected from polyurethane adhesive layer, acrylate adhesive layer and epoxy adhesive layer. Preferred Conditions: The thickness of the polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer is 4-40 mu m. The inorganic white paint accounts for 3-10% of the total weight of the white polyethylene layer. The white polyethylene layer is 10-300 mu m thick. The polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer is 40-400 mu m thick. The first and the second adhesive layers are both 1-30 mu m thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer is the plastic alloy layer of the polyvinylidene fluoride and the inorganic material. The inorganic material is selected from one or more of the inorganic object of AxBy, where A is silicon, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, molybdenum or barium; B is oxygen, sulfur or acidophobous radical; and x and y are selected from 1, 2 or 3. The inorganic object comprises silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, or comprises silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and molybdenum sulfide, or comprises silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and molybdenum sulfide, or comprises silicon dioxide, zinc sulfide and titanium dioxide, or comprises titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide and barium sulfate. The inorganic material is 10-40% of the total weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer. The structure enhancing layer is the polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer. The polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer is the one extended in the bidirectional way. The first adhering layer and the second adhering layer are one of polyurethane adhesive layer, Acrylate adhesive layer or epoxy adhesive layer. Preferred Conditions: The polyvinylidene fluoride alloy layer is in the thickness of 4-40 mu m. The polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer is in the thickness of 40-400 mu m. The thicknesses of the both the first and the second adhering layers are 1-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silicon precursor in the preparation of silica sol is ethyl orthosilicate or tetramethoxysilane. Preferred Method: The silica sol preparation uses alcohol as solvent, where volume ratio of silicon precursor and alcohol is 1/5-4/5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The raw material in the first step is styrene or methyl methacrylate. Preferred Parameter: The diameter of colloidal polymer microspheres is 200-1000 nm. Spin-coating speed is 600-2000 revolutions/minute. The thin film has a thickness of 200-1000 nm. The volume ratio of colloidal polymer microspheres and silica sol is 1:1.5-1:4. Preferred Method: The preparation step comprises adding evocating agent. The gel formation step comprises using macropore molecular sieve and co-assembly method to finish the gel process. Calcining uses controlled heating method to heat the substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate of organic film solar cell is glass, metal or plastic. The transparent conductive layer of organic film solar cell is metallic oxide layer. The metallic oxide layer is indium-tin oxide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fullerene derivative used is (6,6)phenyl 61C methyl butyrate. The solvent is benzene, toluene, paraxylene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, trichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran. The solid substance is camphor, naphthalene, anthracene or their derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor material is a conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer is polythiophene derivative, poly(p-phenylene vinylene)derivative, polyfluorene derivative, fullerene derivative or pyrene derivative. The polythiophene derivative is poly 3-hexylthiophene derivative. The poly(p-phenylene vinylene)derivative is poly(2-methoxy, 5-(30,70-dimethyl-octyl))-p-phenylene vinylene derivative. The polyfluorene derivative is poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-bi-N,N'-(4-butylphenyl)-bi-N,N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylene-diamine)derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparing composite polymer electrolyte material comprises: stirring and uniformly mixing lithium salt, room-temperature ionic liquid with polymer matrix, cooling in module to obtain the composite polymer electrolyte material. The polymer matrix is cellulose; the structural formula of the room-temperature ionic liquid is B+ A- , where the B+ is any one or mixtures of 1-allyl, 3-methylimidazole cation, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole cation, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole cation or 1-allyl,3-ethylimidazole cation according to any proportion; A- is any one or mixtures of halogen anion, CH3COO- or COOH- according to any proportion; the lithium salt is any one or mixtures of LiN(CF3SO3)2, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, LiBF4, LiPF6 or LiAsF6. The cellulose is any one or mixtures of rice pulp, cotton pulp, mulberry pulp, rice straw pulp, reed pulp, cane trash pulp or jute pulp according to any proportion; content of cellulose in the rice pulp, cotton pulp, mulberry pulp, rice straw pulp, reed pulp, cane trash pulp or jute pulp is 90-100%, and polymerization degrees of the cellulose is 300-800. The temperature in the stirring and uniformly mixing process is 80-100 degrees C. The ratio of parts by weight of the cellulose to room-temperature ionic liquid to lithium salt is 0.01 to 0.04:1:0.01-0.2. Vacuum drying the room-temperature ionic liquid, cellulose and lithium salt at 80 degrees C, 60 degrees C, and 120 degrees C before stirring and uniformly stirring the lithium salt, room-temperature ionic liquid and cellulose. The mold is polyfluortetraethylene mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The interconnect is made of copper, aluminum, tungsten and copper-nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulating layer is made of polyolefin-based block copolymers and poly carbonate. The protective layer is made of protective polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polymethyl methacrylate and poly carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystals are of germanium. The crystals of semi-metals have dimensions of 10-100 nm. The semi-metal is germanium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycol diether comprises N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine (DME). The electrolyte comprises mixture of lithium iodide (LiI), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium pentafluoroarsenate (LiAsF5), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTFS), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), or lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB). The electrolyte further comprises additive having 3,5-dimethylisoxazole (DMI), pyridine, trimethyl pyrazole, dimethyl pyrazole, and dimethyl imidazole. The anode comprises lithium (0.9-1 g) after stretching of the lithium foil and pre-discharge of the cell. Preferred Contents: The weight ratio of 1,3-dioxolane to DME is 4:6-9:1. The concentration of water in electrolyte is 50-1000 ppm. The electrolyte comprises LiI at concentration of 0.5-2 M/L in combination with LiTFS at concentration of 0.006-0.5 M/L. Preferred Condition: The cell has been pre-discharged and anode comprises a lithium foil that stretches during manufacture of the cell, and anode comprises lithium (1 g) after stretching of lithium foil and pre-discharge of the cell. Preferred Methods: The welding of cathode tab comprises welding cathode tab to cap assembly having positive terminal. The welding of anode tab to can comprises welding anode tab to metal weld disk, and welding metal weld disk to the can. The method further comprises forming Z fold in the cathode tab, forming can by drawing a metal sheet to form a can body, and nickel plating the can body.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The tape comprises polypropylene film with synthetic rubber polyisobutene adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pH is 1.5-5, preferably 1.5-4.5. The temperature is 150-220 degrees C, preferably 170-180 degrees C. The method further comprises: adjusting pH with a reagent; impregnating the material with the aqueous solution before step (b) at 0-130 degrees C for 0.001-500 hours; reducing a mechanical size; a steam explosion step at the same time as step (b); enzymatic hydrolysis of the material after step (b); fermentation of glucose from cellulose into ethanol; and chemical conversion of cellulose. The impregnating is conducted at 20-90 degrees C or 25-90 degrees C. The mechanical size reduction step is before or after step (b). The mechanical size reduction step comprises disk milling or hammer milling. The step (b) takes place in a feeder coupled to a device used for the mechanical size reduction step. The enzymatic hydrolysis further comprises adding a surfactant. The chemical conversion produces a biofuel or biochemicals. The treating is performed for 0.1-120 (preferably 0.5-30) minutes. Preferred Components: The reagent comprises sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalate acid, or acetic acid. The sulfite or bisulfite further comprises sulfur dioxide. The mass ratio of the sulfite or bisulfite and the material is 1:500-1:5, preferably 1:400-1:5, 1:40-1:10, or 1:100-1:10. The mass ratio of the sulfite or bisulfite and the material is 1:40-1:10 or 1:15-1:10 for softwood. The mass ratio between the sulfite or bisulfite and the material is 1:100-1:20 or 1:40-1:15 for hardwood, agriculture residues and waste paper. The bisulfite is sodium bisulfite, magnesium bisulfite, ammonia bisulfite, calcium bisulfite, or potassium bisulfite. The material comprises biomass feedstock, and softwood or hardwood. The surfactant comprises polyethylene glycol. The biofuel is ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate includes polymeric material comprising layer of polyimide polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The semiconductor forming the semiconductor layer is titanium oxide. The metallic compound contained in metallic compound solution is titanium tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aromatic amine compound is triaryl amine, and has cyano group. The amine compound has molar extinction coefficient of 20000 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate contains resin as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises an UV stabilizer. Preferred Components: The UV absorber is benzotriazole or triazine. The UV stabilizer is hindered amine light stabilizers. The concentration of the amino group is less than 40 mmole/kg. The composition comprises 50-99.99% of (I) and no UV absorber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminum powder has 1.5-4.5 mu m granularity and 99.8% purity. The inorganic caking agent is lead-free glass powder comprising (pts.wt.) silicon dioxide (2-3, preferably 3), aluminum oxide (1-3, preferably 2), diboron trioxide (15-30, preferably 25), bismuth oxide (40-60, preferably 45), phosphorus pentoxide (3-5, preferably 4), zinc oxide (10-20, preferably 15), and zinc phosphate tetrahydrate (4-30, preferably 6).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic adhesive comprises (pts.wt.) ethyl cellulose (2-5, preferably 3), phenylcarbinol (1-5, preferably 3), terpineol (20-50, preferably 40), tributyl citrate (10-30, preferably 20), tributyl 2-acetylcitrate (10-20, preferably 12), butyl carbitol acetate (5-30, preferably 15), castor oils (0.5-5, preferably 5) and phenolic resin (0.5-5, preferably 2). The additive comprises Span(RTM: sorbitan fatty acid ester) (30-70) and diffusion pump oil (30-70).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)imide (LiTFSI) or lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3). The filler is LiNi0.80Co0.14Al0.06O2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The citric acid is dried at 50 degrees C and added into the organic solvent. Preferred Component: The organic solvent in step (A) is acetonitrile or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the preparing process, the antioxidant is added; the contents of components are as follows: 10-60% of polylactic acid, 10-60% of poplar tree powder, 10-60% of plasticizer and 0.4-2% of coupling agent and 0.5-1% of antioxidant; the antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetramethylene-beta-(3,5-ditertbutyl-4-hdyroxyphenyl)propionate, beta-(3,5-ditertbutyl-4-hdyroxyphenyl)oleyl propionate, tri(2,4-diterbutylphenyl)phosphite. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent.
Preferred Definitions:    R1-R6=formulae I-V;    R10-R13=H, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarboxyl, hydrocarbylthio, heterocycle or their derivatives;    R7-R9=formulae VI-XIII;    R14-R35=H, hydrocarbyl, alkoxy, heterocycle or their derivative;    X, Y, Z=N, O, S, Si or Se;    n= greater than or equal to 0.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 of 10 compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. of formula (C)-(E).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The transparent electrode at the first layer is made from indium tin oxide conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The organic solar battery has a transparent electrode at the first layer; a conductive coating at the second layer; a crystalline organic semiconductor induction layer at the third layer; a donor material layer at the fourth layer; a donor material and receptor material co-mixed layer at the fifth layer; a receptor material layer at the sixth layer; an electrode buffer layer at the seventh layer; and a metal electrode at the eighth layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode buffer layer can be made from lithium fluoride. The metal electrode at the eighth layer is silver or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive coating is made from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). The crystalline organic semiconductor induction layer at the third layer is made of 5,5'-bis(4-biphenylyl)-2,2'-bithiophene(BP2T), 2,5'''-bis(4-phenyl)-5,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene (P4T) and 2,5'''-bis(4-1-methyl-phenyl)-5,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-tetrathiophene (methylP4T). The donor material is phthalocyanine containing no metal, phthalocyanine containing metal, pentacene, rubrene, thiophene oligomer, bithiophene oligomer, or their functionalized variant. The receptor material is allotropes of carbon, where carbon atomic number in the allotropes of carbon is greater than 59-less than 100; 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride; or its functionalized variant. The electrode buffer layer is made from 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum; or 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material is made from aluminum, nickel, copper, chrome, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive polymer is poly(3-alkyl thiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxide strong related system compound is one or more of manganese oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt sesquioxide, or high temperature superconductor copper oxide. The anode material is indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide, or aluminum-zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Material: The cathode material is aluminum, silver-magnesium alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, or calcium-aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The strong electron related system compound is an oxide strong related system compound or an organic strong related system compound. The organic strong related system compound is one or more of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene perchlorate ((BEDT-TTF)2ClO4), tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene perchlorate ((TMTSF)2ClO4), or bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene perrhenate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The cavity buffer layer material is one of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), self-assembly membrane, polyethylene oxide, nickel oxide, silver oxide, molybdenite, zinc oxide, gold and platinum. The photoactive layer material is poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) mixing system; poly-p-phenylenevinylene and fullerene double-layer; zinc phthalocyanine; tin phthalocyanine; or copper phthalocyanine and fullerene double-layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bag consists of fluorine resin, rubber-type resin or olefin type rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The translucent insulating material is made of polyvinyl alcohol resin or ethylene-vinyl acetate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The weather-resistance base material consists of polyethylene-terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The elongated structure is made of ethylene propylene diene monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The elongated structure is made from any one of steel, galvalume, aluminum, and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elongated structure is made of an extrusion cladded with thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, PVC, hypalon (RTM: Chlorosulfonated polyethylene synthetic rubber), and sprayed polyurethane foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Contents: The poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises 15-25 pts.wt./hundred resin plasticizer and has molecular weight of 100000-120000 (preferably 70000-120000) Daltons. The poly(vinyl butyral) layer further comprises epoxy additive (0-5, preferably 0-2 pts.wt./hundred resin). Preferred Properties: The poly(vinyl butyral) layer has residual hydroxyl content of 10-22, preferably 10-15. The poly(vinyl butyral) has 17-21% residual hydroxyl, 8-12 titer magnesium di-2-ethylbutyrate loading, and 4.2x 105 plus minus 10% bulk resistivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic material chiefly includes a thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The topography is at least partially formed by silicon oxide or gold (16).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic molecule comprises an aromatic portion(s). It is N,Nasterisk-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is a solid substrate comprising silicon, silicon dioxide, glass, plastics, indium tin oxide, aluminum oxide, or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polysilane: (I) comprises predominantly long chains, with a mean chain length of 9-20, or 15-25 after distilling off short-chain polysilanes. (I) is a viscous liquid or solid, has a greenish yellow to intense orange or red-brown color and is soluble in inert solvents. The hydrogen content is less than 1 atom%. Preferred Process: The power density is 0.2-2 W/cm3. The energy input is 850-1350 kJ/mole halosilane. The process is carried out at a pressure of 1-10 hPa. (I) is deposited on a surface maintained at -20 to 280 degrees C.
Preferred Definitions:    Ar=phenylene group;and    R1-R6=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle diameter (D1/2) of the platinum is 3-6 nm, measured by Scherrer formula using half value width of peak (111) of face-centered cubic lattice of the platinum. Preferred Composition: The metal loads of the platinum is, preferably 20-80 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Additive: The additive is phenolic resin, cellulose and/or carbon soot. The ratio of the additive and asphalt is 1:50. The coating agent used is polyvinyl chloride, carbon/silica and/or tin oxide. The mixing ratio of the coating agent and integral phase powder is 1:70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidation-reduction pair further comprises iodine negative ion compound, where the mol ratio of iodine elementary substance: iodine negative ion: additive is 1:0-10:0.2-2. The compound containing iodine negative ion is the mixture of lithium iodide, potassium iodide, sodium iodide and/or alkyl imidazole iodine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is the mixture of 4-tertiary butyl pyridine, N-methyl benzimidazole and/or guanidine thiocyanate. The ionic liquid of imidazole salt is ionic liquid of the dibasic imidazole iodine salt, imidazole fluoroform sulfonyl imide salt or imidazole thiocyanate, or the mixed solution of solvents according to any proportion. The dibasic imidazole iodine salt is 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazole iodine salt, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole iodine salt or 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole iodine salt. The imidazole fluoroform sulfonyl imide salt is 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole fluoroform sulfonyl imide salt, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole fluoroform sulfonyl imide salt or 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazole fluoroform sulfonyl imide salt. The imidazole thiocyanate is 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole thiocyanate, 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazole thiocyanate or 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole thiocyanate. The viscosity regulator is terpineol, polyacrylate or amitraz.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first (0.01-5 wt.%) or the second fluorescent powder (0.01-5 wt.%) employs an oxygen-containing compound of element from group II, III, IV or V as substrate. The first fluorescent powder and the second fluorescent powder have a mixing ratio of 40-60:40-60 within the polymerization adhesive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymerization adhesive is added at a volume equal to the volume of the mixture of the first and second fluorescent powders.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antifoaming agent is a siloxane-based compound. The siloxane-based compound is selected from chemical formulae (I or II). -(-CH2SiR2-O-SiR2CH2-)n- (I) -SiOSi- (II)R=H or 1-10C alkyl group; andn=1000-100000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder resin is rubber binder. The rubber binder is selected from acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are metal oxide, titania, and/or tungsten(VI) oxide. The substrate is conductive substrate, substrate coated with conductive film, organic substrate, polymer, glass, and/or glass coated with fluorine doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is alcohol and/or water. The electrolyte comprises lithium triflate, methoxyacetonitrile, N-methyl-oxazolidinone, iodide, and/or iodine. The nonpolymeric crosslinker comprises titanium tetraethoxide, bis-silane, asymmetric bis-silane, titanium isopropoxide, tungsten(VI) ethoxide, and/or tetramethylorthosilicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The crosslinking of nanoparticles further includes contacting substrate with electrolyte, applying suspension, removing carrier through exposure of substrate at less than or equal to 250 degrees C, reacting with nonpolymeric crosslinker, and applying photosensitive material to contact with electrolyte. The substrate coated with nanoparticles is provided with suspension comprising nanoparticles and carrier through spraying, dipping, doctor blading and/or vapor deposition. Preferred Components: The photosensitive material is dye, pigment, ruthenium polypyridine, and/or ruthenium metal organic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate has a layer formed of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The device layer comprises nano-particulate semiconductor material such as titanium dioxide. The light deflection unit has light scattering centers having titanium dioxide as scattering particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate has a layer formed of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber comprises a hydrofluoric acid-binder. The absorber is used in the form of dry tablets. The absorber consists of silicon dioxide, aluminum monoxide, silicon carbide, silicon-aluminum oxide, boron nitride, clay, silicate or mica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber consists of: carbon, cellulose, starch, gelatin, cotton or a super absorbing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The porous carbon foam base comprises Grafoam FRA-15.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode layer comprises lithium cobalt oxide nanoparticles (90 wt.%), aqueous binder (5 wt.%) and carbon black (5 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The particle size reduction is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere or in an inert gas atmosphere. Preferred Components: The nitride includes ammonia, hydrazine, pyridazine, pyrrole, imidazole and/or pyridine. EXAMPLE - A vessel containing a pyridine solution was placed in an inert atmosphere (99.99% of argon), and a nitrification treatment of immersing a lithium hydride powder in the pyridine solution for 120 minutes was performed. After that, the lithium hydride powder subjected to the nitrification treatment was separated from the pyridine solution, and a drying treatment of drying the lithium hydride powder for 180 minutes in a vacuum (0.1333 Pa) was performed. After that, the lithium hydride powder having undergone the drying treatment was put into a ball mill device, and the particle size reduction process was performed for 15 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 MPa, room temperature). Thus, a lithium hydride powder was fabricated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer contains 20 mol% or more of structural unit containing sulfonic acid group directly bonded to aromatic ring in principal chain, when the sum total of the structural units is 100 mol%. The polymer contains structural unit preferably of formula (A-2). The polymer is obtained by polymerizing raw material monomer containing aromatic monomer of formula: Q-Ar10-Q and aromatic monomer of formula: Q-Ar0-Q, which contains optionally substituted acyl group, in the presence of zero valent transition metal complex. The structural unit of formula (B-1), is preferably of formula (B-3). The polymer which does not have ion exchange group is of formula: Y'-(Ar21-X11)q-Ar21-Y'(B-4) and has hydrophobicity of 1.7-6.0, preferably 2.5-4.0. The block copolymer has block which does not contain ion exchange group, of formula: -((Ar1-X-Ar2-Y')n-1-Ar1-X-Ar2)- (C-1), preferably of formula (C-2) and block having ion exchange group of formula: -(Ar3)m- (C-3), preferably of formula (C-4).R1=optionally fluorinated 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl, 2-20C acyl, 6-20C aryloxy (all optionally substituted);p=1-3;q,k=0-3;p+q,k+p=4 or less;Ar10,Ar0=bivalent aromatic group containing R1;Q,Y'=leaving group;X11=X1;Ar21=Ar2;p=1 or 2;Ar1-Ar3=Ar1;X=carbonyl or sulfonyl group;Y'=oxygen or sulfur atom;m=3 or more;n=3-45;andp=0-3.A sulfonic acid group and/or its precursor is bonded with the aromatic ring coupled with Q. The ion exchange group is acidic radical chosen from sulfonic acid group, phosphonic acid group, carboxylic acid group and/or sulfonimide group. The block copolymer has ion exchange capacity of 1.0-7.0 meq/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Ethyl cellulose is added to terpineol at a mass ratio of 1: 5, or 1: 7 or 1: 10. The organic carrier has a viscosity of 6.1 or 6.0 or 5.9 Kcp. The TiO2 nanocrystals having grain diameter of 25 nm and the TiO2 nanotube having grain diameter of 100 nm are mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 3 or 1: 1 or 1: 2. About 18 or 24 or 20 pts.wt. TiO2 nanometer mischcrystal is thoroughly mixed with the organic carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silica-based solar battery is poly-silicon solar battery, single-crystal-silicon solar battery, amorphous silicon solar battery or micro-crystal silicon solar battery. Preferred Method: The coating is screen printing, spin coating, spray coating, chemical deposition or pulling method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The doping compound is chromium, magnesium, cobalt, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and/or titanium, or bismuth, silicon, fluorine and/or sulfur. The manganic compound is manganese acetate, manganic fluoride, manganese nitrate and/or manganous sulfate. The lithium compound is lithium halide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium nitrate trihydrate, lithium sulfate monohydrate and/or lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, isopropanol and/or isobutyl alcohol. Preferred Property: The positive material is poriform structure, with hole diameter of 10-800 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additives comprise polyamide, organic solvent and diluent. The solvent is dimethyl fluoride (DMF) or dimethyl acetamide (DMAc). The diluent is chosen from toluene, ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran. The separator is formed between the negative electrode and positive electrode current collector. The electrolyte comprises thionyl chloride between the negative electrode and positive electrode current collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vessel is inserted into the pipe in which a connecting flange made up of plastic material is inserted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The metal layer contains molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The aromatic tetracarboxylic acid component contains 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride as main component. The aromatic diamine component contains p-phenylene diamine as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The laminated material has the polyimide film and layer containing molybdenum as metal layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The weight reduction of the polyimide film after heat processing at 500 degrees C for 20 minutes is 1 mass% or less. The linear expansion coefficient and thickness of the polyimide film is 1-10 ppm/ degrees C of 25-500 degrees C, and 5-100 mu m, respectively. Preferred Component: The aromatic tetracarboxylic-acid component contains 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic-acid dianhydride as a main component. The aromatic diamine component contains p-phenylenediamine as a main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The substrate is formed of high strain point glass, alkali free glass, metal or resin material. Metal layer (I) is formed of copper or copper gallium alloy. Metal layer (II) is formed of indium. The layer containing alkali metal is formed using copper gallium alloy containing sodium (0.5 atomic% or more). The content of gallium in copper gallium alloy is 10-50 atomic%. The layer which does not contain alkali metal is formed using copper gallium alloy containing sodium (100 ppm or less). The alkali metal is sodium, potassium or lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is a platelet, needle-like or fibrous, and the absorber layer is a copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS)/copper indium di-selenide (CIS absorber layer. The filler is selected from oxides, nitrides and/or carbides. The filler comprises oxygen and at least one member of aluminum, silicon, titanium and/or magnesium; platelet talc, acicular titanium dioxide. The film is reinforced with a thermally stable, inorganic: fabric, paper, sheet and/or scrim.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rigid rod type dianhydhde is selected from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and/or pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The rigid rod type diamine is selected from 1,4-diaminobenzene (PPD), 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzidene (TFMB), 1,5-naphthalenediamine, and/or 1,4-naphthalenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is a platelet, needle-like or fibrous, and the absorber layer is a copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS)/copper indium di-selenide (CIS absorber layer. The filler is selected from oxides, nitrides and/or carbides. The filler comprises oxygen and at least one member of aluminum, silicon, titanium and/or magnesium; platelet talc, acicular titanium dioxide. The film is reinforced with a thermally stable, inorganic: fabric, paper, sheet and/or scrim.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rigid rod type dianhydhde is selected from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and/or pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The rigid rod type diamine is selected from 1,4-diaminobenzene (PPD), 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzidene (TFMB), 1,5-naphthalenediamine, and/or 1,4-naphthalenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrically conductive color pigment is carbon blacks.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The solar cells are thin film solar cells consisting of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, copper indium/gallium diselenide, light absorbing dyes, or organic semiconductors based solar cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Each of sub-layers independently comprises ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(vinyl acetals), polyurethanes, PVCs, polyethylenes, polyolefin block elastomers, copolymers of alpha -olefin and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, copolymers of alpha -olefin and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ionomers of copolymers of alpha -olefin and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, silicone elastomers, and/or epoxy resins. Each of sub-layers of colored multi-layer polymeric sheet comprises a poly(vinyl butyral) and plasticizer. The module further comprises a front encapsulant layer that is laminated to light-receiving side of solar cell layer, and that comprises a polymer consisting of acid copolymers, ionomers, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, poly(vinyl acetals), polyurethanes, PVCs, polyethylenes, polyolefin block elastomers, copolymers of alpha -olefin and alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, silicone elastomers and/or epoxy resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal foil comprises stainless steel. The polyimide dielectric layer further comprises filler, the filler is selected from platelet-shaped fillers, needle-like fillers and fibrous fillers; or mica, talc, boron nitride, wollastonite, clays, calcinated clays, silica, alumina, platelet alumina, glass flake and/or glass fiber. The polyimide dielectric layer further comprises a thermally stable reinforcing fabric, inorganic paper, sheet and/or scrim. The filler comprises oxygen and at least one member aluminum, silicon, titanium and/or magnesium. The metal foil comprises titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The aromatic rigid rod diamine is selected from 1,4-diaminobenzene (PPD), 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidene (TFMB), 1,4-naphthalenediamine, and/or 1,5-naphthalenediamine (preferably 1,4-diaminobenzene (PPD) or 1,5-naphthalenediamine); and the aromatic rigid rod dianhydride is selected from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) (preferably 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin film has ultraviolet protection rate of 95.0% or more, water vapor permeability of less than 0.50 g/m2.day and absolute value of heat deformation rate of 2.0% or less. The resin film and a resin-made sheet are laminated to obtain a laminated material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The anode contains derivative of polythiophene and/or polythiophene. The active layer contains conjugated polymer compound and fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The stress light emission component contains alumina and strontium carbonate, zinc sulfide and manganese, zinc sulfide and copper, or spinel structure having metallic aluminate (M1Al2O4) and metal (M2), metallic aluminate (M13Al2O6) and metal (M2), metallic aluminate (M1Al12O19) and metal (M2), calcium-aluminum-silicon complex (Ca2Al2SiO7) and metal (M4), magnesium-aluminum complex (M3MgAl10O17) and metal (M4), or magnesium-silicon complex (M33MgSiO8) and metal (M4), where M1 is magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium, M2 is europium, cerium, terbium, samarium, copper or manganese, M3 is barium, strontium or calcium and M4 is europium, cerium, samarium, copper or manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sheet is a graphite particle sintered compact sheet, silver sintered compact sheet or resin compound material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The constituent material is made of one among carbon, iron, nickel, sulfur, titanium, platinum, tin and boron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additive consists of lithium carbonate. The porous layer contains filler selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica and Boehmite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additive consists of biphenyl cyclohexylbenzene or these derivatives, oxalic acid lithium and the gelatinizer having alicyclic epoxy group, and oxetane structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The other hetero atom is oxygen, phosphorus and/or sulfur. Preferred Process: The electroconductive carbon substrate is heat-processed at 400-800 degrees C. The gaseous ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas are dispersed on the electroconductive carbon substrate. The hetero atomic weight introduction to the electroconductive carbon substrate base surface is controlled.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Liquid: The ionic liquid contains nitrogen atom-containing cation as cation component. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains halo ion. Preferred Component: Cationic polymerization initiator of polymer of monomer (m1,m2) contains hexafluoro lithium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The cross-linked polymer is polymer containing compound having radical polymerizable functional group, and/or monomer (m1) having ring-opening polymerizable functional group and monomer (m2) does not having ring-opening polymerizable functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid cyclosilane is cyclopentasilane or its derivative bearing a boron- or phosphorus-containing substituent, or cyclohexasilane or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic portion and/or hydrophobic coating is silane, silicone, alkylsilane, fluoroalkylsilane, polydimethylsiloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole thiophene-type compound is of formula (1 or 2).R1-R28=H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or halo;A=heteroarylene having 6-membered ring structure or arylene having 6-membered ring structure;m=0 or 1;n=1-1000;andW',X,Y',Z=single bond, arylene, heteroarylene, ethenylene and/or ethynylene.Preferred Layer: At least one active layer other than active layer containing thiophene-type compound (1 or 2) contains electron donating material having band gap of less than 1.6 eV or more than 1.9 eV. The thiophene-type compound (1 or 2) has band gap of 1.6-1.9 eV. Preferred Material: The electron donating material is chosen from 2,1,3-benzo thiadiazole thiophene group copolymer, polythiophene group polymer, poly p-phenylenevinylene group polymer, metal-containing phthalocyanine compound, metal free phthalocyanine compound, subphthalocyanine compound, metal-containing naphthalocyanine compound, metal free naphthalocyanine compound, porphyrin compound, metal free porphyrin compound, rubrene compound, pentacene compound, tetracene compound, oligo thiophene compound, or perylene compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wafers are made of silicon, germanium, indium phosphide or gallium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made of nickel, palladium, titanium, silver, gold, aluminum, copper, tungsten, chromium, vanadium, tin or its combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A mask material made of polymer material is deposited using spin, spray or roller coating process, and silicon oxide deposited using chemical vapor deposition or evaporation process. The gap between the wafers is filled with polymer, epoxy or glass. The deposited layer is made of electrically conducting plastic and other polymer formulation such as carbon polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The laminar structure has a barrier layer in the form of an inorganic oxide or nitride layer facing away from the rear of the solar cell system. The lacquer is pigmented with an ultra violet absorbed pigment, particularly with carbon black or with titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer is a foil made of plastic, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate. The protective layer is a lacquer, particularly a two-component epoxy resin system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The audio from external device is transmitted to the audio unit using Bluetooth transmission system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The solar collection device further comprises thermal transfer device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solar cell is crystalline silicon single junction cell; and solar concentrating mirror reflects light from 400-1150 nm with major portion of light greater than 1150 nm not reflected, multi-junction gallium-arsenic (GaAs) cell and the solar concentrating mirror reflects light from 350-1750 nm with major portion of light greater than 1750 nm not reflected, amorphous silicon single junction cell and solar concentrating mirror reflects light from 300-720 nm with major portion of light greater than 720 nm not reflected, ribbon silicon cell and solar concentrating mirror reflects light from 400-1150 nm with major portion of light greater than 1150 nm not reflected, copper indium gallium selenide cell and solar concentrating mirror reflects light from 350-1100 nm with major portion of light greater than 1100 nm not reflected, or cadmium telluride cell and solar concentrating mirror reflects light from 400-895 nm with major portion of light greater than 895 nm not reflected. Preferred Property: The solar concentrating mirror exhibits reflectivity of greater than or equal to 98% of light corresponding to the absorption bandwidth of the solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The article withstands an exposure of 18700 kJ/m at 340 nm before the onset of significant cracking, peeling, delamination or haze when evaluated using the weathering cycle described in ASTM G155-05a and D65 light source operated in the reflected mode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The multilayer optical film is high and low refractive index polymer combinations of polyethylene terephthalate/tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene-co-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer, polyethylene terephthalate/polyoxamide silicone, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene-co-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/polyoxamide silicone, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate/copolymers of polymethylmethacrylate, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/copolymers of polymethylmethacrylate, copolymers of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/polymethylmethacrylate, copolymers of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/polyoxamide silicone, copolymers of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene-co-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer, copolymers of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)/fluoroelastomer, syndiotactic polystyrene/polyoxamide silicone, syndiotactic polystyrene/tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene-co-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer, polyethylene terephthalate/fluoroelastomer or syndiotactic polystyrene/fluoroelastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: coupling agent; additional polymer other than tackifying resin; and additional components comprising crosslinking agents, UV absorbents, mineral fillers, plasticizers, colorants, optical brighteners and flame retardant agents. The composition is nanostructured composition. The composition comprises at least 75 mass% of the polyamide graft polymer. Preferred Components: The polyamide graft polymer comprises 15-30 mass% of polyamide graft. The temperature flow of the polyamide graft polymer is 115-160 degrees C or 75-115 degrees C, preferably 85-115 degrees C. The polyamide graft has a molar mass of 1000-5000 g/mol, preferably 2000-3000 g mol-1 and comprises at least a copolyamide. The polyolefin backbone has no melting point or a melting temperature of less than or equal to 100 degrees C and is a copolymer comprising unsaturated monomer. The number of monomer fixed on the polyolefin backbone is 1.3-10. The unsaturated monomer is maleic anhydride. The copolymer is ethylene-alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer. The ends of polyamide graft are one or more amine functions. The additional polymer is miscible or partially miscible with polyamide graft polymer. The structure has a thickness of 5 mu m to 2 mm and further comprises a support on which the composition is applied. The support is made of glass, polymer, preferably polymethylmethacrylate, metal or photovoltaic collector. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in mass%) of: Lotader 7500 (RTM: Random terpolymer of ethylene, ethyl acrylate and maleic anhydride); and polyamide 6/12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive agent further contains organic compound having carboxyl group(s) in a molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer which has branched structure is dendritic polymer which contains compound of formulae (1)-(3). The organic cation contains compound of formula (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle size distribution of fuel is adjusted such that the fuel optionally has several peaks. The fuel is mixture of 2 or more types of fuels in which average particle diameter differ. The ratio of maximum average particle diameter with respect to minimum average particle diameter of the fuels is 10:7-10:1. Preferred Process: Alternately, 2 or more types of fuels in which average particle diameter differ in predetermined ratio are filled twice or more times. The fuel having reduced average particle diameter is filled in the container, and other fuels are sequentially filled. The fuel container is then vibrated, such that the fuel reduced average particle diameter is deposits in the lowest portion of the container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel comprises granular molecular compound and substance solidifies the molecular compound. The molecular compound is clathrate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel is a liquid-phase hydrogen-rich fuel. The liquid-phase hydrogen-rich fuel is a mixture containing an alcohol (preferably methanol or ethanol) and a liquid (preferably water). The flexible tubes are metal flexible tubes or silicone flexible tubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyelectrolyte material further contains benzophenone compounds of formulae (II and III) and benzene ring-containing compound of formula (IV) as structural units. Preferred Property: The molar fraction of benzophenones (II and III) and benzene-containing compound (IV) satisfies a relation: 0 less than X+Y less than or equal to Z and X+Y+Z=1, where X,Y,Z is mole rate based on total molar quantity of benzophenones (II and III) and benzene-containing compound (IV). EXAMPLE - Potassium carbonate (in g) (6.91), tert-butyl hydroquinone (6.65), 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone (6.11) and disodium-3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'difluoro benzophenone (5.24) were polymerized at 230 degrees C by N-methyl pyrrolidone, to obtain polyelectrolyte material with weight average molecular weight of 580000. The polymer electrolyte membrane comprising the polyelectrolyte material had excellent solvent resistance, mechanical strength and fuel-shutoff property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The strong-oxidizing compound comprises nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, or potassium permanganate. Preferred Conditions: The heating involves electric heating, radiation conducting heating, or microwave radiating heating. Electric heating is carried out using electric heating tube and electric heating board. Coating is carried out by concave printing, reverse printing, and edge-type rotary reverse printing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The high-molecular film comprises high-molecular microporous film, or high-molecular microporous film and bidirectionally-stretched film. The high-molecular microporous film comprises polypropylene microporous film, polyethylene microporous film, and polyethersulfone microporous film. The bidirectionally-stretched films comprise polypropylene bidirectionally-stretched film, polyethylene bidirectionally-stretched film, styrene bidirectionally-stretched film, polyvinylidenechloride bidirectionally-stretched film, polyvinyl alcohol bidirectionally-stretched film, polyfluoroethylene bidirectionally-stretched film, and nylon 6 bidirectionally-stretched film. The residual carbonate rate of the substrate is higher than 50%, the thickness is 0.01-0.20 mm, the pore size is 0.01-300 mu m, and the porosity is 30%-60%. Preferred Resin: The thermosetting resin comprises unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, ethenyl resin, phenolic resin, or polyimide resin. Preferred Composition: The amount of thermosetting resin is determined according to the mass% of thermosetting resin to the high-molecular film, given by a relationship, mass% = (thickness of high-molecular filmx areax porosity of high-molecular film)/weight of high-molecular film. The mass% of thermosetting resin is 5-60. The water-proof paste is hydrophobic resin, including PTFE, petroleum resin, epoxy resin, or oil-soluble phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The counter electrode is platinizing electricity conducting glass. The light positive electrode is a power electricity glass loaded with nanometer titanium dioxide and light sensitization dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The metal net is titanium net.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Material: The metal net is stainless metal net.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The adhesive is cellulose and polyvinyldifluoride adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The positive material is modified lithium iron phosphate. The negative material is graphite and/or polymeric carbon. The conductive agent is carbon black, conductive graphite, or superconductive carbon black. Preferred Composition: The positive paste comprises (wt.%) positive material (70-90), conductive agent (4-15), positive adhesive (3-10), and dispersing agent (0-5). The negative paste comprises (wt.%) negative material (70-95), conductive agent (1-20), and negative adhesive (1-10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The positive current collector is an aluminum foil having thickness of 0.015-0.020 mm. The negative current collector is copper foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is Hypermer KD-1(RTM: polyester/polyamine condensation copolymer), isopropanol, or absolute ethyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The positive adhesive is HSV 900(RTM: high molecular weight grade of poly(vinylidene fluoride) homopolymer). The negative adhesive is LA132(RTM: aquo-adhesive), LA133(RTM: aquo-adhesive), or styrene butadiene rubber adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The negative active material is native graphite, artificial graphite, refinery coke, mesophase carbon microsphere, and hard carbon. The conductive salt is Lithium Hexafluorophosphate, Lithium Hexafluoroarsenide, Lithium tetrafluoroboride, and/or Lithium perchlorate. The conductive agent is carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and/or graphite, preferably conductive grain of acetylene black and/or carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polymer material is Kynar(RTM: polyvinylidene fluoride), PTFE, and vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized foil is based on polyvinylacetal, which has polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 22 wt.%, and a residual acetate content of less than 3 wt.%. The foil consists of a metal salt of carboxylic acid with 1-15 carbon atoms as base compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized foil is based on polyvinylacetal, which has polyvinyl acetate content of less than 1 wt.% and polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 22 wt.%. The foil consists of a metal salt of carboxylic acid with 1-15 carbon atoms as base compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode functional layer material is nickel oxide (NiO)-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) at mass ratio of 64-70:36-30, where YSZ is at 8-10 mol.%; NiO-gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) at mass ratio of 64-70:36-30, where GDC is at 10-20 mol.%; or NiO-samaria doped ceria (SDC) at mass ratio of 64-70:36-30, where SDC is at 10-20 mol.%. The electrolyte layer material is GDC, where gadolinium is at 10-20 mol.%; YSZ, where yttria is at 8-10 mol.%; strontium-and-magnesium-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM), where strontium is at 10-15 mol.% and magnesium is at 20-25 mol.%; or SDC, where samarium is at 10-20 mol.%. The cathode functional layer material is lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-nickel oxide (LSCN), where strontium is at 10-30 mol.% and Ni is at 10-30 mol.%; Pd-YSZ at mass ratio of 6.6-7:94-93, where yttria is at 8-10 mol.%; lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF)-GDC at 2-6:98-94, where strontium is at 30-50 mol.%, cobalt is at 10-30 mol.%, and gadolinium is at 10-20 mol.%; or LSCN-YSZ at mass ratio of 4-8:96-92, where strontium is at 10-30 mol.%, Ni is at 10-30 mol.%, and yttria is at 8-10 mol.%. The reducing atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen (H2) (4-20 vol.%) and nitrogen (N2) (96-80 vol.%) or mixed gas of H2 (4-20 vol.%) and argon (96-80 vol.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is trolamine, styrene, dimethylbenzene, and/or absolute ethyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The pore-forming agent is starch or carbon powders. The adhesive is polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic ester, or methyl cellulose. The plasticizing agent is benzyl butyl phthalate, polyalkylene glycol, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, and/or propylene glycol adipate. The dispersant is fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester, glyceryl tristearate, or fish oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic dihalide is 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or 1,2-dihalo-2-methyl propanoic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sulfur-containing polymer has molecular weight of 30000-45000. The PEG is PEG 400 or PEG 600. Preferred Method: The method comprises sequentially adding PEG and organic dihalide at mass ratio of 1.3:1 in a three-necked bottle in presence of catalyst; heating the mixture in oil bath at 110-140 degrees C; condensing and refluxing under protection of nitrogen gas; washing the mixed solution after reaction with petroleum ether and putting it aside for layering; extracting the upper solution with petroleum ether through reduced pressure distillation to obtain polyglycol ether of organic dihalide; mixing and reacting the polyglycol ether with Na2S2 at mass ratio of 1:1; heating the reactant in water bath at 70 degrees C to react for 3 hours, and putting it aside for cooling for 1 hour to form yellow viscous gel at bottom of bottle; removing the gel out, washing and drying it; dissolving the dried gel in THF and putting it aside for precipitation; filtering the collected mother solution and volatizing the THF to obtain sulfur-containing polymer; mixing the sulfur-containing polymer with lithium salt in THF; and volatizing THF.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salt: The lithium salt is chosen from hexafluorolithium phosphate and lithium compound of formula (1).n=1-5, preferably 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The glyme-based solvent (4) is of formula (4A).m=1-10, preferably 2-6.The hydrofluoroether compound is chosen from CF3CH2OCF2CF2H, CHF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2H, CF3CF2CH2OCF2CHF2 or CF3CH2OCF2CHFCF3. Preferred Composition: The amount of glyme-based solvent (4) is 0.2-4 mol times with respect to total amount of lithium salt. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains one or more carbonic acid compound(s) of formula (5-1 to 5-3).R3-R6,R12-R19=H, halo, alkyl or alkyl halide.The amount of carbonic acid compound (5) is 10 volume% or less with respect to total electrolyte solution amount of products, preferably 0.1-0.45 volume%. Preferred Property: The conductivity of electrolyte at 25 degrees C is more than 0.25 S.m-1. The electric potential of anode is 3.4 V or more based on electric potential of lithium metal. Preferred Definitions:    X=CH2, CH2CH2, CH(CH3)CH2 and CH2CH2CH2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The potting material is selected from the group of polyurethane, polyurethane foams, silicones and epoxies.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cross-linking adjuvant is triaryl isocyanurate or triaryl cyanurate. The weathering stabilizer additive is chosen from ultraviolet absorber, stabilizer and antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The ethylenic copolymer is chosen from ionomer of ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic ester copolymer, and/or ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing 10-40 wt.% of vinyl acetate. The composition further contains peroxide with half-life temperature of 140 degrees C or less for 1 hour, cross-linking adjuvant containing allyl group, and weathering stabilizer additive. EXAMPLE - Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (in g) (5000) with melt flow rate of 15 g/10 minutes and vinyl acetate content of 28 wt.%, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane (60) as cross-linking agent and 3-methacryloxy propyl methyl dimethoxysilane (2) as silane coupling agent were mixed. The obtained composition was pelletized to form a uniform cross-linked sheet with thickness of 0.6 mm. The produced sheet had favorable adhesive strength, heat resistance, transparency, insulating property, flexibility and durability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler includes silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum dioxide (Al2O3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon disulfide (SiS2), silicon phosphate (SiPO4), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), barium titanate (BaTiO3), natural clay, organically modified clay and/or inorganic materials having an average particle size of 0.01-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inner layer includes polypropylene of 30-70 wt.% having a melting temperature of greater than or equal to 150 degrees C and a filler of 70-30 wt.% having a melting temperature of greater than or equal to 140 degrees C, where the gross content of the filler and the polypropylene in the inner layer is greater than or equal to 80 wt.%. The surface layers include polyethylene of greater than or equal to 80 wt.%. The filler includes polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylpentene, polyethylene terepthalate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylene oxide, polyamide, or their heat resistant resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive elements is made of platinum, gold, carbon, stainless steel, and their alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The average molecular weight of PVS measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is 1000-1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous layer (I) and/or porous layer (II) contains plate-shaped particles having secondary particle structure in which primary particles are aggregated. The cathode-mix layer contains carbon as electroconductive material which is formed from thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon-type gas in the gaseous phase. Preferred Components: The filler contained in the porous layer (II) is alumina, silica and/or boehmite. The compound which contains silicon and oxygen forms complex using carbon material. The surface of the carbon complex is further covered by carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous layer (I) contains polyolefin having a melting point of 100-140 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The selective recognition layer (L2) comprises indium-zinc-oxide, zinc-oxide or indium-gallium-zinc-oxide, tin-oxide, titanium-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The selective recognition layer (L1) comprises aminopropyldimethylsiloxane (APDMS), polystyrene ethylene diamine (PSEDA), propylaminopropylpolysiloxane (PAPPS) or polypropylenimine (PPI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Electrode Assembly: In the membrane-electrode assembly, the binder and the polymer electrolyte membrane comprises the polymer (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer is selected from formulae (Ia)-(Ic).A2 and A5=alkylene, cycloalkylene, fluorenylene, arylene (all optionally substituted), or CR7R8;X=cycloalkylene;R7 and R8=alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, (hetero)aryl, or heteroalkyl including an atom selected from O, N, or S (all optionally substituted), or H.Preferred Components: The proton groups of Y1 and Y2 are selected from sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and/or their salts. The salts are selected from sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, and/or calcium salt. Preferred Definitions:    m1-m10=1-3;    I1-I6=5-12;    m11=1-18.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and/or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general method for preparation given. Preferred Components: The polymer segments (I) and (II) are repeated to form polymer units -(E1(Z1)d-P1-Q1-P2)i- (III) and -(E2(Z1)f-P3)j- (IV). The polymer units (III) and (IV) are linked to form at least one polymer units -(E2(Z1)f-P3)j-L1-(E1(Z1)d-P1-Q1-P2)i- (V) or -(E2(Z1)f-P1-Q1-P2)i-L1-(E2(Z1)f-P3)j- (VI). The polymer segments (V) and (VI) are repeated to form polymer unit -(L2-(E2(Z1)f-P3)j-L1-(E1(Z1)d-P1-Q1-P2)i-)k- (VII), or L2-(E1(Z1)d-P1-Q1-P2)i-L1-(E2(Z1)f-P3)j-)k- (VIII).i=number representing the repetition of polymer segment (I) to define polymer unit (III) (preferably 1-500, especially 1-200);j=number representing the repetition of the repetition of polymer segment (II) to define polymer unit (IV) (preferably 1-500, especially 1-200);L1 and L2=linking group (preferably ether, imide, amide, ester, amine, ketone or acyl, especially 13 compounds are given in the specification, e.g. biphenyl-4,4'-di-yl, 4-(benzenesulfonyl)-biphenyl-4,4'-di-yl, 4-(phenoxy)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzen-1,4-di-yl, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-biphenyl-4,4'-di-yl, oxybis(benzen)-4,4'-di-yl);andk=integer representing the repetition of the polymer segment (III). Preferred Definitions:    Q1=perfluorocyclobutyl moiety, 1,1,2,2,3,4-hexafluoro-3,4-dimethyl-cyclobutane, 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-2,4-dimethyl -cyclobutane;    E1 and E2=18 compounds are given in the specification, e.g. phenylen-1,4-di-yl, biphenyl-4,4'-di-yl, (1,1',4',1')terphenyl-4,4'-di-yl, oxybis(benzen)-4,4'-di-yl, naphthyl-1,2-di-yl;    Z1=1 meq/g or greater;    E1(Z1)d or E2(Z1)f=17 compounds are given in the specification, e.g. -(O-1,4-phenylene(substituted by SO3H)n-;and    n=positive integer.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fixer body is molded by injecting acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene (ABS) engineering plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The heat absorbing and insulating device (4) comprises a heat absorbing layer (41) and a transparent insulating device (42) and interlayer (43).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device housing support portion is comprised essentially of a polymeric framing material, and the photovoltaic cell assembly is framed on several sides with the polymeric framing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The blocking layer is made of silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon dioxide, and SiyNx, where x is 1-5 and y is 1-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The blocking layer is made of polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The substrate is a photovoltaic cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is selected from stainless steel, gallium arsenide, alumina, bisque alumina, quartz, borosilicate glass, plastics, ceramics, and kapton. Preferred Method: The stoichiometry of the deposited silicon oxynitride coating is controlled by varying the pressure of the nitrogen plasma. The rate of deposition of silicon oxynitride is controlled by varying the incident radio frequency (RF) power. The temperature at the substrate remains below 200 degrees C throughout the entire process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer-containing film further comprises: 1-40 wt.% of at least one further plasticizer; 1-40 wt.% of at least one plasticizer with higher polarity comprising di-(2-butoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-hexoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-adipate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-sebacate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-azelate, di-(2-hexoxyethoxyethyl)-glutarate, di-(2-butoxyethyl)-phthalate or di-(2-butoxyethoxyethyl)-phthalate; and 1-40 wt.% of at least one compound with a polarity of less than or equal to 9.4, calculated according to the formula 100 x (number of oxygen atoms)/(number of carbon atoms and number of hydrogen atoms), as a plasticizer. Preferred Components: The acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetate is greater than or equal to 81 wt.%. The acetate content of the polyvinyl acetal is less than 5 wt.%. The concentration of cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid ester is 20-30 wt.%. The film exhibits a plasticizer content of less than 4 wt.%. The polyvinyl acetal is polyvinyl butyral. The plasticizer-containing film based on polyvinyl acetal contains: a metal salt of a 1-15C carboxylic acid as the basic compound; and 0.001-5 wt.% of silicon dioxide. One or more photosensitive semiconductor layers are applied on a transparent front panel or a rear cover, and bonded together by at least one plasticizer-containing film based on polyvinyl acetal. The photosensitive semiconductor layers are embedded between two films and bonded to the cover.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The titanium alkoxide is selected from titanium tetrabutoxide and titanium tetraisopropoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alcohol in the solvent system is selected from ethanol, 1-propanol, and/or 2-propanol. The chelating agent is acetylacetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticized film contains 0.001-15 wt.% silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized film comprises a plasticizer content of maximally 40 wt.%. The plasticized film exhibits an electrical volume resistance of more than 1E11 ohm-cm in an ambient environment of 85% relative humidity/23 degrees C. The amount of polyvinyl acetal is less than 5 wt.%. The plasticizer is a compound, whose polarity, measure by the formula (100x O/(C +H)), is less than or equal to 9.4, where O, C and H are the number of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen atoms in the respective molecule. The polyvinyl acetal comprises a polyvinyl alcohol portion of less than 22 wt.%. The photosensitive semiconductor layers are applied on a transparent front cover or a rear cover and are stuck together with one another by the plasticized film. EXAMPLE - Film with the thickness of 0.76 mm was prepared from the composition comprised of: triethylene glycol-bis-2-ethyl hexanoate (76 wt.%), polyvinyl butyral having viscosity of 60-90 mPas (24 wt.%), Tinuvin 328 (RTM: UV-absorber) (0.15 wt.%), magnesium acetate (0.025 wt.%) and silicon dioxide. Thus the prepared film was used for the production of photovoltaic module and had an electrical volume resistance of 5.50E+11 at 23 degrees C/85% relative humidity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized foil is based on polyvinylacetal, which has polyvinyl acetate content of less than 3 wt.% and polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 22 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive mass is (meth)acrylate, synthetic rubber or a solvent based, a solvent-free or a water based system. The adhesive mass contains: fillers in an amount of 0.5-30 (preferably 5-15) wt.%; a reactive crosslinking agent in a concentration of 0.01-5%, preferably 0.15-1.8%. The adhesive band is produced by actinic radiation , preferably UV-radiation. The adhesive band is produced in the lamination process under the influence of temperature and pressure, in which the hot melt adhesive-carrier penetrates in the adhesive-free areas of the adhesive layer and permanently bonded to the substrate. The carrier foil is ethylene-vinyl acetate-copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane or polyvinyl butyral. In the adhesive band, a barrier layer is pre-fixed in module superstructure before the lamination process. EXAMPLE - In a flask, acrylic acid (30 parts by weight (pbw)) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (70 pbw) were mixed in an initiator of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone (0.1 pbw). Then the mixture was irradiated with a UV lamp for 10 minutes and the mixture was discharged through a filter (50 mu m). The obtained polymer (adhesive material) exhibited an average molecular weight of 5600000, a polydispersity of 2.2 and a conversion rate of 32%. The adhesive material was diluted by butyl acetate to a solid content of 30-35% and coated at the coating plant comprising an engraving commissioned work, a UV-drying canal, a laminating station and a re-winder with surface weight of 25 g/m2 and dried. The UV irradiation dose was 350 mJ/cm2. At the end of drying canal, thermoplastic film (produced by swelling Levamelt 900 (RTM: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with 90 wt.% vinyl acetate) (30 pbw) in ethyl acetate (70 pbw) for 4 hours and then homogenized by a stirrer) was added to the laminate and subsequently rolled up to obtain one-sided adhesive band.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of total thickness of the resin layer with respect to thickness of the inorganic glass is 0.01-10. The resin layer is formed on both surfaces of the glass, with same material and same thickness. Thickness of each resin layer and thickness of the glass are same. The total thickness of the substrate, and the inorganic glass is 600 mu m or less, and 1-400 mu m, respectively. Young's modulus of the resin layer is 1.5 GPa or more. Preferred Layer: The resin layer is formed from the resin composition which has an epoxy resin and/or oxetane type resin as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The white inorganic pigment is particles of inorganic compound chosen from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and barium sulfate, preferably rutile-type titanium dioxide. Preferred Property: The rutile-type titanium dioxide has average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester (A) has melting point of 200-225 degrees C. The polyester (B) has melting point of 230-250 degrees C. The polyester film has average reflectance of 60% or more at wavelength of 800-1200 nm. Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 10-50 weight% of white inorganic pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface layer consists of a thermoplastic resin composition which contains 1-15 wt.% of white inorganic pigment with average particle diameter of 0.25-10 mu m. The rough layer consists of a thermoplastic resin composition which contains 20-65 wt.% of white inorganic pigment with average particle diameter of 0.25-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar battery subassembly is encapsulated by PVC film, ethylene vinyl acetate film, and polyethylene terephthalate film or polyvinyl butyral film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The opaque or semi-transparent electrode consists of metals, and a substrate having electrically conductive film of carbon. The photopolymerizable composition contains a layered silicate and insulating spherical inorganic filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acryloxy alkyl silane coupling agent is 3-(meta)acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane. The principal chain of the hydrogenated elastomer derivative in the photopolymerizable composition contains hydrogenated polybutadiene and hydrogenated polyisoprene. The hydrogenated elastomer derivative in the photopolymerizable composition is a hydrogenated polybutadiene derivative obtained by reacting hydrogenated polybutadienepolyol, hydroxy (meth)acrylate compounds and isocyanate, or by reacting hydrogenated polybutadienepolyol and (meth)acryloyl-group containing isocyanate compounds. The hydrogenated elastomer derivative in the photopolymerizable composition is a hydrogenated polyisoprene derivative obtained by reacting hydrogenated polyisoprenepolyol and (meth)acryloyl-group containing isocyanate compounds, or by reacting hydrogenated polyisoprenepolyol, hydroxy(meth)acrylate compounds and isocyanate. The photopolymerizable composition comprises hydrogenated polybutadiene derivative, hydrogenated polyisoprene derivative, poly (meth)acrylate compounds, and photoinitiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The body of the air supply static box is provided with a vertical post outer plate that is connected with a vertical post lining plate through polyethylene cotton and forms a closed cavity that is filled with an insulating material layer made of environment-friendly fluoride free hard polyurethane foaming insulating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The strip-shaped circular frame is also made of nickel material or stainless steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The strip-shaped circular frame is made of nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene or fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic conjugated group is phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, imidazole group, pyridine group, bipyridyl, furan group, oxazole group, vinyl group and acetylene group. The anion is tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)boric-acid anion of formula (1), tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boric acid anion ((B(C6F5)4)-), di(pentafluorophenyl)diboric acid of formula: (((F5C6)3B-(( mu )-C3N2H3)B(C6F5)3)-), di(pentafluorophenyl)cyanodiboric acid of formula: (((F5C6)3B(( mu )-CN)B(C6F5)3)-), di(pentafluorophenyl)amminediboric acid of formula: (((F5C6)3B(( mu )-NH2)B(C6F5)3)-) and di(pentafluorophenyl)dialuminum anion of formula: (((F5C6)3Al(( mu )-C3N2H3)Al(C6F5)3)-). The basic molecule is basic polymer having molecular weight of more than 1000, and basic low-molecule having molecular weight of 1000 or less. The basic polymer is chosen from polyether, polyvinyl imidazole, polyvinyl pyridine, polyaniline, polybenzimidazole, polybenzoxazole, polyamine, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl furan. The basic low molecule is chosen from diethyl ether, 1-propyl amine, dimethylamide, diethyl methylamine, 2-ethanolamine and 4-methylimidazole. Preferred Property: The acidity function of Hammett of acid in the anion is 11.93 or more. Preferred Composition: The ratio of number-of-moles of the anion with respect to number-of-moles of cation coordinated with basic molecule is less than 1/10-1/600, 1/3-1/200 or 1/3-1/600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The aminoalkanethiol is cysteamine, where the substituted or unsubstituted sulfonic acid is 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanostructure is a mixed crystal of zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc selenide or zinc telluride, and is endowed with a foreign atom, where the foreign atom is selected from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, palladium, silver, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium or ytterbium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic polymer is poly-3-alkylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The structure has a gland bush made from silicon-fluorine rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The black chrome or aluminum-nitrogen composition or titanium oxynitride is used for forming high temperature quartz glass heat collecting layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The radiating fins are located in a body that is made of aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar vacuum heat collecting board is mounted in a polyethylene shell filled with an insulating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar device comprises conductor layers comprising a metal material selected from a group consisting of copper, gold, silver, and aluminum. The solar device comprises layers comprising nickel and gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bridge layer includes oxacillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, ticarcillin, amoxicillin, penicillin G, penicillin V, penicilloic acid, 6-amino penicillanic acid, methicillin, cystine, carbocysteine, s-allyl cysteine, acetylcysteine, s-propyl cysteine, s-phenyl cysteine, s-tertbutylcysteine, biotin particularly norbiotin and homobiotin, or actiazic acid. The hole conductor layer comprises conductive polymer including thiophenyl containing repeating unit of formula (IA).R=absent or alkyl;andm=6-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper surface of tank is made of polyurethane compounds, polypropylene or polypropene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinylidene difluoride.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 10 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. group of formulae (C)-(G).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The working gas is argon. The dilution ratio of silicane is 5%. The flow ratio of silicane/hydrogen is 8/2-7/3 (preferably 4/6~2/8). The flow ratio of borane and silicane is 10-20%. The flow ratio of phosphorane and silicane is 10-16%. Preferred Process: The plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method is performed to control crystallization of film, crystal grain size and hydrogen content in film through changing direct current (DC) bias, flow ratio of silicane and hydrogen, radio frequency (RF) power and deposition temperature to make three different optical band gap hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) intrinsic absorption layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode consists of multi-pore titanium plate or stainless plate, a dispersing layer and a cathode catalyst. The anode consists of a multi-pore titanium plate or stainless plate, a dispersing layer and an anode catalyst. The cathode output terminal is made of stainless steel, copper or titanium material. The anode output terminal is made of stainless steel, copper or titanium material. The conductive nano powder is carbon, copper or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sealing cover is made of polyfluorotetraethylene. Preferred Polymer: The conductive polymer is polyaniline or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The linker molecule is selected from aromatic carboxylic acid containing benzene ring and carboxyl group, 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid or 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pressure sensitive adhesive mass comprises (meth)acrylate or synthetic rubber. The pressure sensitive adhesive mass comprises solvent based, solvent-free or water based system. The pressure sensitive adhesive mass contains 0.5-30, preferably 5-15 wt.% of fillers, and 0.01-5, preferably 0.15-1.8% of a reactive crosslinker. The pressure sensitive adhesive band comprises single- or double-sided, carrier based or strapless adhesive band. The carrier based, double-sided adhesive band contains a diffusion film as carrier material, preferably polyester compound or aluminum composite. The carrier based, single-sided adhesive band contains closed-cell polyethylene foam as carrier material. Preferred Method: The pressure sensitive adhesive mass is produced by actinic radiation, preferably UV radiation. The adhesive band is applied as punched part. EXAMPLE - Ethyl acetate (180 GT) was heated in a three-necked flask and stirred. After reaching a boiling point, 50% of a monomer mixture consisting of acrylic acid (30 GT) and ethylhexyl acrylate (70 GT), and a mixture comprising azobisisobutyronitrile (0.1 GT) in ethyl acetate (20 GT) were added and stirred for 120 minutes and cooled to obtain corresponding pressure sensitive adhesive tape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner area of the outer container made of organic material is sealed by plastic or lacquer coat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The ions of two or more type of metal are platinum and gold ion. The alloy is platinum-gold alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hard substrate is made of glass epoxy or paper epoxy. A light receiving surface protective layer is made of transparent resin such as acrylic resin and polycarbonate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The structures of the photovoltaic solar cell is made of silicon, gallium nitride (GaN), indium phosphide (InP), galium phosphide (GaP) and germanium (Ge).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of gallium phosphide and galium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The phase-change material is coated with thermoplastics such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polystyrenes, polyamide and thermosetting plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is selected from a group consisting of vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, osmium, iridium, tantalum, palladium, ruthenium, antimony, bismuth, arsenic, mercury, silver, copper, titanium, tin, lead, germanium, zirconium, cerium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, zinc, manganese, aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, lithium, barium and cesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic module further comprises substrate panel layer adhesively applied to support layer comprising at least one of aluminum composite material, aluminum honeycomb and plastic sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first, second and third adhesive layers have higher melting point than ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The cover layer is made from a compound selected from ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro alkoxy, fluorinated ethylene propylene, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene/vinylidene fluoride, and polyvinylidene fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first, second and third adhesive layers include at least one of thermoplastic polyolefin, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyester and thermoplastic ionomer. The back protection sheets layer includes material selected from polyester, polyethylene tetraphthalate, nylon, cotton paper and bio-based polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vinylidene-chloride-type resin layer is formed using a vinylidene-chloride lacquer obtained by dissolving a vinylidene-chloride-type resin powder in an organic solvent, or a vinylidene-chloride emulsion. The vinylidene-chloride-type resin powder and vinylidene-chloride emulsion are obtained by emulsion-polymerizing a monomer containing vinylidene chloride (50 mass% or more). The silicone-modified acrylic resin layer is formed using a silicone-modified acryl emulsion containing a silicone resin and an acrylic resin. A silicone modification agent is added before, during and/or after emulsion polymerization, when silicone-modified acryl emulsion is obtained by emulsion-polymerizing acrylic resin. A UV absorber and/or an optical stabilizer are blended with the silicone-modified acryl emulsion. The acryl emulsion is used as a coating material mixed with a pigment. The vinylidene-chloride-type resin layer is a coating layer of a vinylidene-chloride lacquer or a vinylidene-chloride emulsion. The silicone-modified acrylic resin layer is a coating layer of a silicone-modified acryl emulsion. The base material is a plastic base material manufactured using a hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene-terephthalate type-resin. Preferred Properties: The vinylidene-chloride-type resin layer and silicone-modified acrylic resin layer contact directly. The thickness of silicone-modified acrylic resin coating layer is 10-100 mu m, and the thickness of vinylidene-chloride-type resin coating layer is 5-50 mu m. The vinylidene-chloride-type resin layer and base material are laminated through an adhesive agent (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The lactone ring system of polymer contained in the film is of formula (1). The acrylic type polymer has a structure derived from (meth)acrylate type monomer.R1-R3=H or 1-20C hydrocarbyl optionally having substituent.Preferred Components: The back surface protecting sheet has an ultraviolet absorption layer, and an adhesive layer (8) formed between the film containing acrylic type polymer as main component, and the gas-barrier film. The ultraviolet absorption layer is formed on the film containing acrylic type polymer as main component to the side facing the gas-barrier film. The film containing acrylic type polymer as main component has glass transition temperature of 110 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized foil is based on polyvinylacetal, which has polyvinyl acetate content of less than 3 wt.% and polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 22 wt.%. The foil consists of a metal salt of carboxylic acid with 1-15 carbon atoms as base compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized foil is based on polyvinylacetal, which has polyvinyl acetate content of less than 3 wt.% and polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 22 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The liquid coolant comprises an alcohol and/or water. The alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, furfurol, tetrahydrofurfurol, ethoxylated furfurol, alkoxy alkanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerol, glycerol-1,2-dimethyl ether, glycerol-1,3-dimethyl ether, monoethylether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol and/or trimethylol propane. The heat transfer fluid further comprises azole of formulae (I-IV) comprising pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiazole and/or tetrazole, a non-ionic corrosion inhibitor, a tetraalkylorthosilicate ester, a non-conductive colorant, a wetting agent, a biocide, a bitterant, colloidal silica, and/or a non-ionic dispersant. The ion exchange resin is pre-treated with a corrosion inhibiting composition comprising the siloxane corrosion inhibitor and/or azole. The siloxane corrosion inhibitor comprises polys iloxane, and/or an organosilane comprising a silicon-carbon bond. The azole is pyrrole, methylpyrrole, pyrazole, dimethylpyrazole, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, methyl benzotriazole, butyl benzotriazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, benzimidazole, halo-benzotriazole, tetrazole, methyl tetrazole, mercapto tetrazole, thiazole, and/or 2-mercapto-benzothiazole.R1,R2=H, halogen, 1-20C alkyl or cycloalkyl, SR3, OR3, or NR32;R3=H, halogen, or 1-20C alkyl or cycloalkyl;X=N or CR2;andY'=N or CR1.Preferred Property: The conductivity of the heat transfer fluid is 0.02-5 mu S/cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The non-conductive polydiorganosiloxane antifoam agent comprises a polydiorganosiloxane emulsion-based antifoam agent. The heat transfer system further comprises an ion exchange resin in fluid communication with the heat transfer fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass powder is made of boron-zinc and boron-barium-lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic macromolecular adhesive is made of ethyl cellulose or polyethylene glycol and the organic dispersant is made of acetylacetone or terpilenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The micro-temperature sensor is made of metal comprising platinum, copper or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The clamp is made of polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution is comprised with electrolytic polymerization property molecule, supporting electrolyte, and solvent which can be electrolytically polymerized. The electrolytic polymerization property molecule is consisting of aniline, pyrrole, thiophene, diphenylamine, pyrene, azulene, N-vinylcarbazole, benzene, biphenyl, furan, indole, phenol, phthalocyanine, ethylene, acetylene and/or their derivatives. Preferred Parameter: The supporting electrolyte is a substance which can ion electrodissociate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal ion contains a lithium ion. The gelling compound is lithium salt (Lix), where x is iodide, bromide, chloride, perchlorate, thiocyanate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate, or hexafluorophosphate. The electrolyte composition further contains 0.05 M of iodine. The electrolyte solution contains compound (MiXj), where i and j are 1 or more, X is anion which is chosen from chloride, perchlorate, thiocyanate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate, and hexafluorophosphate, and M is chosen from lithium, copper, barium, zinc, nickel, lanthanides, cobalt, calcium, aluminum, and magnesium. The electrolyte composition further contains 1-6 wt.% of lithium chloride and 1-6 wt.% of lithium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alternately, the electrolyte composition contains 90 wt.% of ionic liquid containing imidazolium iodide, 0-10 wt.% of water, 0.05 M concentration of iodine, and methyl-benzimidazole. The ionic liquid is chosen from the group containing butylmethylimidazolium iodide, propylmethylimidazolium iodide, hexylmethylimidazolium iodide and their combinations.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The organic compound is a polymeric compound chosen from poly(4-vinyl pyridine), poly(2-vinyl pyridine), polyethylene oxide, polyurethane, and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electronic conductor is selected from at least one of graphite, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hydrophobic gas permeable binder is selected from at least one of sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polysulfones, polyimides, polyketones, polyarylene ether phosphine oxide, polyether ether ketone, and polyether sulfones, or from at least one of polyethylene maleic anhydride copolynier, polyvinyl alcohol, 2-hydroxy cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, and sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Pigment: The black pigment is carbon black having average particle diameter of 20-80 nm, dibutyl phthalate oil absorption amount of 30-200 cm3/100 g and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 10-200 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The total light transmittance of the sealing film is 0.1% or less. Preferred Polymer: The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Film: The sealing film further contains a crosslinking adjuvant. Preferred Ratio: The amount of black pigment, crosslinking agent, and crosslinking adjuvant is 0.15-5 mass parts, 0.1-5 mass parts, and 0.1-5 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of the ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The adhesive tape has heat resistance at 100-400 degrees C. Both the surface of film is covered with adhesive tape. Preferred Process: The film is formed by laminating greater than or equal to 1 layers of hard coat and/or gas barrier layers. Preferred Components: The film contains a polymer consists of greater than or equal to 50 mol% fumaric acid diester units of formula -CH(C(=O)-O-R1)-CH(C(=O)-O-R2)- (1).R1, R2=1-12C linear or branched alkyl group or 3-6C cycloalkyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A laminating foil made of ethylene vinyl acetate is applied on a base substrate i.e. glass plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet absorber is benzophenone group ultraviolet absorber, benzotriazole group ultraviolet absorber, cyanoacrylate group ultraviolet absorber, nickel group ultraviolet absorber and/or hindered amine group ultraviolet stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The baked silver electrode is formed by applying silver paste containing glass frit, resin and silver powder onto substrate before baking process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plasticized foil is based on polyvinylacetal, which has polyvinyl acetate content of less than 3 wt.% and polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 18 wt.%. The foil has a metal salt of carboxylic acid with 1-15 carbon atoms as base component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vinyl monomer has secondary amide group and/or tertiary amide group. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer and polymeric emulsion particles, are 0.1/1-0.1/1. The polymer emulsion particles has core-shell structure including core layer and shell layers (a,b) which covers core layer and outermost surface. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer and hydrolysable silicon compound, is 0.01/1-1/1, in core layer. The outer most layer of shell layer has 0.1/1-5/1 of mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound and vinyl monomer. The shell layer (a) in which mass ratio of vinyl monomer and hydrolyzable silicon compound is 0.01/1-1/1. The shell layer (b) in which mass ratio of vinyl monomer and hydrolyzable silicon compound is 1/1-9/1. The undiluted solution further contains other copolymerizable vinyl monomers. The hydrolyzable silicon compound has vinyl polymeric group. The mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound having vinyl polymeric group, and polymeric emulsion particles, are 0.01/100-20/100. The mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound having vinyl polymeric group and vinyl monomer, is 0.1/100-100/100. The metallic compound is formed using silica, metal oxide having photocatalytic activity, or metal oxide having electroconductivity, preferably metal oxide having electroconductivity. The ratio of length and diameter of metallic compound particles is 1/1-20/1. The metallic compound particles has tri organosilane unit of formula: (R3Si)- (1), monooxy-diorganosiloxane unit of formula: -(R2SiO)- (2), modified compound having structural unit chosen from dioxy organosilane unit of formula: -Si(-R)(-O-)2 (3), trioxy silane unit of formula: -Si(-O)3 (4) and/or difluoro methylene unit.R=linear or branched 1-30C alkyl, 5-20C cycloalkyl, linear or branched fluoroalkyl, linear or branched 2-30C alkenyl, phenyl, 1-20C alkoxy or hydroxy;andR2,R3=not defined.Preferred Property: The coating film has haze value of 20 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Component (b2) is a vinyl monomer with hydroxyl, carboxyl, amide, sec. and/or tert. amino group, polyoxyethylene and/or ether group (b2-1). Component (b3) contains reactive emulsifying agent with polyoxyethylene chain. The composition further contains substantially water insoluble optical stabilizer (D). Component (b1-1) is preferably a hydrolysable silicon compound with vinyl polymeric group and has mass ratio (b1-1)/(B) of 0.01/100-20/100. Component (A) is metal oxide with silicon dioxide and photocatalytic activity, or a metal oxide with electroconductivity. Component (A) is tri organosilane unit of formula R3Si- (1), monooxydi organosilane unit of formula -(R2SiO)- (2), dioxy organosilane unit of formula (3), trioxy silane unit of formula (4) or difluoro methylene unit (A'). Component (A) is modified to form a modified metallic compound particle. Component (A') has a photocatalytic activity and the l/d ratio is 1/1-20/1. Preferred Parameters: The mass ratio of component (b2)/(B) is 0.1/1-0.8/1, (b2)/(b1) is 0.1/1-5/1 and (b1-1)/(b2) is 0.1/100-00/100. The ratio (l/d) of particle length (l) to diameter (d) of component (A) is 1/1-20/1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The haze of coating film is less than or equal to 20.R=linear or branched 1-30C alkyl, 5-20C cycloalkyl, linear or branched 1-30C fluoroalkyl, linear or branched 2-30C alkenyl, Ph, 1-20C alkoxy or hydroxyl groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Resin is thermoplastic resin or ionized radiation induced crosslinked resin which contains copolymers, polyethylene polymers or polypropylene polymers with monomers such as aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic ester, ethylene monomer, vinyl acetate or aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid. Preferred Process: The resin is irradiated by ionized radiation. Preferred Parameters: The gel fraction of the resin after irradiation is 2-65 wt%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metallic substrate is stainless steel foil or aluminum alloy foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The step of attaching attaches the electrical lead onto the conditioned back surface using a conductive adhesive material. The front and back packaging materials comprise ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or thermoplastic polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent polymer electrode material is indium tin oxide. The electron blocking is formed of silicon dioxide, perfluorooctane or nickel oxide. The small molecule material comprises tin (II) phthalocyanine (SnPc) or lead phthalocyanine (PbPc).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first acceptor material layer is formed of 60C, (84)PCBM((6,6)-phenyl 84C butyric acid methyl ester), copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16-CuPc), perylene tetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI), 3,4,9,10-perylentetracarbonic acid dianhydride (PTCDA), poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline), TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane), or F4-TCNQ (tetrafluorotetracy-anoquinodimethane).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkoxysilane is chosen from dialkoxysilane having amino group, 3-aminopropyl dialkoxysilane, and N-3-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl dialkoxysilane. The weathering stabilizer is chosen from ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer and antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The ethylene copolymer composition is further obtained by mixing weathering stabilizer and additive with ethylene and polar monomer copolymer. The laminated sheet is further obtained by carrying out corona-treatment to aluminum foil surface, and ozonizing and laminating on a melted film of the ethylene copolymer composition. Preferred Component: The ethylene and polar monomer copolymer is chosen from ionomer of ethylene, unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, and ethylene and unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer. The fluororesin is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene ethylenic copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, chlorotrifluoroethylene ethylenic copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride, and polyvinylidene fluoride. The polyester resin is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polycyclohexane dimethanol terephthalate. Preferred Layer: The fluororesin or polyester resin and aluminum foil are laminated through polyurethane resin adhesive layer of two-component type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metallic substrate is unalloyed titanium, titanium alloy, stainless steel, pure aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure copper and copper alloy of metal materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyester is polyalkylene terephthalate copolymer which contains 4-20 mol% of 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gelling agent comprises material selected from a sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, cross-linked polyethylene oxide and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: (I) has an electrical conductivity of at least 10-8 S/m, preferably at least 10-6 S/m. (I) is: in the form of fuel lines and tubing, a fuel tank filler pipe, a fuel tank filler connector, a fuel line connector, a fuel pump and delivery module components, a fuel pump, a fuel delivery module component, a fuel injector component, or a fuel filter housing; a fuel line grounding clip, a fuel tank flange, a fuel filter clamp, or a fuel tank cap. (I) comprises at least two layers, at least one of which is exposed to fuel. In (I), at least a portion of the layer exposed to fuel comprises the polymer composition. The polymer composition is present as a coating on (I). The polymer composition is in the form of a coating. The composition further comprises one or more electrically conductive additives other than graphene sheets. Preferred Components: The graphene sheets have: a surface area of 300-2630 (preferably 400-2400) m2/g; and a carbon to oxygen ratio of at least 20:1, preferably at least 50:1. The polymer comprises one or more thermoplastic polymers comprising: polyamides, polyesters, polyoxymethylenes, polyimides, poly(phenylene oxides), polyurethanes or fluoropolymers; and polyolefins and ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The upper semi sphere (3) of the tank body is made from solar poly silicon light-absorbing heat collecting glass steel composite material, where the solar poly silicon light-absorbing heat collecting glass steel composite material comprises: 100 of No.190 resin, 4% of cyclohexanone peroxide, 2-5 of cobalt naphthenate solution and 0.1-0.5 of solar poly silicon particle; the preparation method comprises: (a) taking the raw materials into the container according to a proportion to evenly agitate it into paste solution, and then adding color slurry gradually, observing the color until it reaches the requirements, placing for use; and (b) cutting the polyester film into semi sphere shape according to design requirements, placing into the semi spherical die, laying a layer of check cloth on the film, and then pouring the adjusted paste solution into die, vibrating, pressing and curing to shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reflective parabolic configuration is made of a metal, a polymer, a fiberglass composite, a glass, and/or a ceramic. The secondary reflector is made of a metal, a polymer, a fiberglass composite, a glass, and/or a ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first section of concentric circular facets is made of UV transmitting acrylic. The second section of the concentric circular facets is made of polycarbonate. The third section of concentric circular facets is made of infrared compatible polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reflective layer comprises the film of metalized biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (boPET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic semiconductor layer comprises organic semiconductor material containing poly 3-hexylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The stacked photoelectric conversion apparatus has catalyst layer that comprises platinum, palladium, nickel, aluminum and sliver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The shell layer (a) in which mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound and vinyl monomer is 0.1/1-1/1. The shell layer (b) in which mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound and vinyl monomer is 1/1-9/1. The hydrolyzable silicon compound has vinyl polymeric group. The mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound having vinyl polymeric group, and polymeric emulsion particles, are 0.01/100-20/100. The vinyl monomer has functional group chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amide group, amino group and/or ether group. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer having functional group and vinyl monomer, is 1/100-60/100. The undiluted solution further contains other copolymerizable vinyl monomers. The metallic compound is formed using silica, metal oxide having photocatalytic activity, or metal oxide having electroconductivity, preferably metal oxide having electroconductivity. The ratio of length and diameter of metallic compound particles is 1/1-20/1. The metallic compound particles has tri organosilane unit of formula: (R3Si)- (1), monooxy-diorganosiloxane unit of formula: -(R2SiO)- (2), modified compound having structural unit chosen from dioxy organosilane unit of formula: -Si(-R)(-O-)2 (3), trioxy silane unit of formula: -Si(-O)3 (4) and/or difluoro methylene unit.R=linear or branched 1-30C alkyl, 5-20C cycloalkyl, linear or branched fluoroalkyl, linear or branched 2-30C alkenyl, phenyl, 1-20C alkoxy or hydroxy;andR2,R3=not defined.Preferred Property: The coating film has haze value of 20 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface layer(s) has gel fraction of 3-90 wt.%, thickness of 10-1150 mu m. The thickness of the layer having unbridged resin sealing sheet is 15 mu m or more. The melting point of the resin containing layer with unbridged resin sealing sheet is 70-165 degrees C. The resin sealing sheet further contains ionizing radiation-induced-crosslinking-resin. The ionizing radiation is irradiated to resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst consists of silicides which is silicide vanadium, silicide tungsten, silicide titanium, and/or silicide niobium as metal silicide. Preferred Composition: The ratio of silicide vanadium and silicon microparticle is set to 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst layer(s) is cathode catalyst layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The soluble polymer in the coating is chosen from amorphous perfluorinated hydrocarbon ether, copolymer and terpolymers of tetrafluoro ethylene, hexafluoro propylene, 2,2-bistrifluoromethyl-4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxide, pentafluoroethoxy trifluoroethane, trifluoromethoxy trifluoroethane or copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride with hexafluoro propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler (5-15 wt.%) comprises metal oxide, metal halides, or metal nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoinitiator comprises free radical initiators, cationic photoinitiators, or metallocenes. The light source is an UV light source, a visible light source or an infrared light source.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: (I) has a: viscosity of 1-100000 cps; and light transparency of more than 85%. Preferred Method: The method further comprises performing a second illumination process by the light source for curing (I). The first and second illumination process is performed for 1-200 minutes. The first and second illumination process is performed under a power of 1-20000 watts. Preferred Components: The acrylic resin monomer has a structure of formula (CH2=C(R2)-C(=O)-O-R1). The epoxy resin monomer has a structure of formula (A). The silicone resin monomer has a structure of formula (R1a-Si(R1b)(R1c)-R2-O-C(=O)-C(=CH2)-R3).R1-R3, R1a-R1c = 1-12C alkyl, tert-butyl group, 1-12C ester group, 1-12C alkanol, or 1-12C cyclo-alkoxy. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in g): benzyl methacrylate (117); methyl methacrylate (86); 2-hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (130); silicon oxide (39); and (1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl-methanone(4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The receiving shield panel comprises 25 to 35 parts by weight of polyurethane for every 65 to 75 parts by weight of sendust. The eddy current reducer is made of net-shaped polyester plated with an eddy current reducing composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light harvesting layer comprises a mixture of a conducting polymer and metal oxide nanoparticles. The metal oxide is selected from TiO2, TiOx, CeO2, Nb2O5 and ZnO; where conducting polymer is PEDOT. The second electrode comprises silver. The first electrode comprises indium tin oxide (ITO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The adhesive layer contains acrylic adhesive and/or rubber-based adhesive agent. The adhesive layer contains bubble and/or hollow microsphere-like component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The plastic hydrogen fuel is included with hydride such as metal boron hydride, metal hydride and amino boranes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solid promoter is made of ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper and iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hydrophobic polymeric elastomer is made of silica gel and silicone rubber. The hydrogen supply system is made of plastic, rubber, nylon or cloth bag.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Reaction tracking management of reaction solution containing the to-be-tested substance is carried out. A deprotection agent is added to the to-be-tested substance. Preferred Compound: The protected ion exchange group of the to-be-tested substance is an acidic group, preferably sulfonic acid group or carboxylic acid group. The protecting group is 1-20C alkyl group. The to-be-tested substance is a polymer compound or low molecular weight compound used as raw material of a polymer compound. Preferably, the to-be-tested substance contains polyarylene having repeating unit of formula (1).A=1-20C hydrocarbyl;R1=H, fluorine atom, or 1-20C alkyl;m=1 or 2;andk=4-m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal base is made of stainless steel, copper, iron, nickel, aluminum, iron-nickel alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, titanium, magnesium and magnesium alloy. The heat sink is selected from stainless steel, iron, nickel, iron-nickel alloy, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium and titanium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The primary active material is lithium ferrous phosphate (LiFePO4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weakly acidic high molecular compound has phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid group and/or carboxylic acid group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The basic high molecular compound which has amino group is polyimidazole, polythiazole, polyoxazole, poly(pyridine), poly(pyrimidine), polybenzimidazole, polybenzthiazole and/or polybenzoxazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The imide salt (1) is lithium bis(nonafluorobutane sulfone) imide. The halogenated cyclic carbonate (2) is fluoroethylene carbonate. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery further contains high molecular compound (preferably polyvinylidene fluoride) as holding body which swells with electrolyte solution and holds electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The current collection wire is obtained by electrolytic plating of an electroconductive metal to a silver thin wire. Preferred Property: The ratio of wire width of current collection wire and wire width of silver thin wire is 1.2-2. The current collection wire has cross-sectional area of 30-200 mu m2. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive coated layer (i) contains a material having redox catalyst ability.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive coated layer contains metal oxide and conductive polymer. The electroconductive coated layer (ii) contains metal oxide and conductive polymer. The transparent base material contains flexible base material. Preferred Process: The surface of current correction wire is covered with electroconductive coated layer (i). An opening portion of translucent conductive substrate is covered with electroconductive coated layer (ii).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The combination-solar plate is provided with a dark substrate formed from metal i.e. aluminum. A tube i.e. copper tube, and compact lithium ion batteries are used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas barrier film has silicon oxide as main component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyvinyl alcohol-type film is formed into film by carrying out solvent cast of polyvinyl alcohol-type resin. Preferred Components: The polyvinyl alcohol-type film which does not contain plasticizer and compounds other than inorganic compound for food additive has polyvinyl alcohol-type resin with 1,2-diol binding in side chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: In the process, corresponding to the thermal stability of the substrate, vacuum ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 180-230 nm, is used. In the solar cell, polysilazane layer is ceramized. The solution is applied by spraying, pouring or immersing on the substrate. The substrate is glass or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the process, a slit nozzle is used as an application system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is an inert, aprotic solvent, preferably toluene, xylol, ether or n-isobutyl ether. The amount of the catalyst is 0.001-5, preferably 0.01-2 wt.%. The catalyst is N-heterocyclic compounds, mono-, di- or tri-alkylamine, organic and inorganic acids, acetylacetonate complexes of metal ions, which are nickel, platinum, palladium, aluminum or rhodium, metal carboxylate of formula ((RCOO)n1M) of optionally saturated, aliphatic or alicyclic 1-22C-carboxylic acid and metal ions, which are nickel, titanium, platinum, rhodium, cobalt, iron, ruthenium, osmium, palladium, iridium, or aluminum, or metal powder, which is gold, silver, palladium or nickel with a particle size of 20-500 nm, peroxide, metal chloride or metal organic compounds, ferrocene or zirconocene.n1 = charge of the metal ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating solution further comprises: at least a perhydropolysilazane compound of formula ((-Si(H)2-NH-)n-) (II); (-(SiR1R2-NR3)n-(SiR1aR2a-NR3a)p-) (III), preferably (-(Si(H)(CH3)-NH)n-(Si(CH3)2-NH)p-), (-(Si(H)(CH3)-NH)n-(Si(CH3)(CH=CH2)-NH)p-) or (-(Si(H)(CH3)-NH)n-(Si(H)(CH3)-N(H))p-); or (-(SiR1R2-NR3)n-(SiR1aR2a-NR3a)p-(SiR1bR2b-NR3b)q-) (IV).R1a-R3a, R1b-R3b = R1.Preferred Components: The amount of (I) is 1-40 wt.%. The layer thickness of the hardened coating is 0.05-10 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The valve body is made of rigid plastic material. The sealing surface section and the connection part consist of elastic, plastic material. The stopper exhibits an integral valve element made from a flexible plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Manganese oxide and lithium hydroxide are mixed at a mole ratio of 5-15:1 in a magnetic blender. Deionized water is added to obtain lithium hydroxide concentration of 2 mole/L. The mixture is transferred to a stainless steel reactor with PTFE liner. Hydrothermal reaction is performed at 200 degrees C for 3 hours. The product is washed with water, filtered 2-3 times, and vacuum dried at 70 degrees C for 10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The circular ring and fixing piece are made of the metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buffering material is formed with plastic foam and rubber sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat-insulating positioning protective sleeve is made of a foamed plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bifunctional ligand layer comprises selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenoglutathione, selenolipoic acid, selenohomocysteine, Se-methyl-selenocysteine, selenoethionine, Se-allyl selenocysteine, Se-propyl selenocysteine, and seleno penicillamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole conductor layer comprises a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer comprises substituted thiophene compound of formula (I) as a repeating unit.R=absent or alkyl; andm=6-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate contains multicrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The deformable stamp contains a silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The conductive substrate is stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell module comprises front protective layer disposed over light receiving side encapsulant layer, where front protective layer comprises one of glass and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The back side encapsulant comprises a non-transparent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The back side encapsulant layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The back protective layer has stacked structure comprising sheets of polyvinyl fluoride and aluminum. The protective layer has stacked structure comprising polyethylene naphthalate and aluminum. The protective layer has stacked structure comprising polyethylene terephthalate and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal template is made of a catalytic metal such as palladium, platinum, nickel, cobalt and/or rhodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilizer contains an antioxidant and a hindered amine light stabilizer. The amount of antioxidant and hindered amine light stabilizer in the composition is 0.5-1 wt.% and 0.5-1 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The rubber component is polyisobutylene having average viscosity molecular weight of 55000, ethylene propylene rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, polyisobutylene having average viscosity molecular weight of 75000, polyisobutylene having average viscosity molecular weight of 400000 or block copolymers with saturated mid-blocks. The adhesion promoter is aminosilane, epoxy silane or vinyl silane. The flow modifier is amorphous poly- alpha -olefin, partially crystalline grades of amorphous poly- alpha -olefin, butylene or ethylene rich amorphous poly- alpha -olefin, or polyethylene. The seal (18) disposed between substrates of solar module has composition containing silicone, modified silicone polymer, silanated polyurethane, butyl or polysulfide. Preferred Composition: The amount of rubber component, carbon black, adhesion promoter, flow modifier in the composition is 60-65 wt.%, 4-7 wt.%, 0.2-0.5 wt.%, 10-15 wt.% respectively. The sealant composition further contains rheology modifiers chosen from amorphous fumed silica, precipitated silica, talc, hydrophobic silane treated fumed silica with surface area of 100-300 m2/gm, precipitated calcium carbonate, ground calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, nickel dioxide, bentonite and kaolin, and ultraviolet absorber. The amount of the amorphous fumed silica, precipitated silica, talc and ultraviolet absorber in the composition is 2-6 wt.%, 2-6 wt.%, 7-15 wt.% and 0.5-3.0 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The paste further contains a solvent which is a mixed solvent of water and organic solvent(s). The mixed solvent is poor solvent of proton conducting membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of benzene ring-containing structural unit in the copolymer is 5-85 mol%. The ratio of fluorine-containing structural unit in the copolymer is 10-90 mol%. The ratio of sum total of benzene ring-containing structural unit and fluorine-containing structural unit is less than 100 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The polymeric film is prepared by spin coating method, electrostatic spray aggradation, dipping method, transfer coating method, spray painting method, or printing method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polymeric filler is added with 0-80 wt.% inorganic nanomaterial including silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, silicon monoxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, titanium boride, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, lead titanate, and/or calcium metasilicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The solvent comprises acetone, butanone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, ethyl acetate, deionized water, methanol, ethanol, glycerol propanetriol, and/or butyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric film comprises porous substrate (10-90 wt.%), and polymeric filler (10-90), where the substrate and filler have similar thermal expansion coefficient. The polymer material comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene, polyphosphazene, polyethylene glycol, poly(methyl methacrylate), polymethacrylonitrile, dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene polymer, styrene butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, and/or polyacrylic acid. The porous substrate is preferably polyolefin single-layer film (including polypropylene or polyethylene), polyolefin multilayer film (including polypropylene-polyethylene-polypropylene), polypropylene non-woven fabrics, ethylene glycol terephthalate non-woven fabrics, and/or nylon fiber glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant is selected from tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6), tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6) or dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating(s) include structures that incorporate silicon, silica, air or gas inclusions. The inorganic materials in coatings are selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum, zinc, nickel, indium, tin, copper, titanium, titanium dioxide, silver, gold, and/or other metals or metal oxides. The coatings are deposited on wafers composed of silicon, glass, metals, glass-metal-glass combinations, metal-glass-metal combinations, or other photovoltaic converter that converts light to energy selected from mono or polysilicon, amorphous, and microcrystalline silicon, copper indium gallium selenide, or cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coatings are deposited on wafers composed of polymers, plastics, self-assembled monolayers, or organic solar cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Composition: (I) comprises polyaminoborane and at least one inorganic oxidant comprising ammonium nitrate, alkali nitrate, alkaline earth nitrates, metal nitrates, metal oxides and/or oxidants of the dinitramine family. (I) comprises polyaminoborane and inorganic oxidant in a mass ratio of 1-5, preferably 1.5-4, is devoid of organic material, and is in the form of a grain, a pellet or a block. Preferred Components: The polyaminoborane is obtained by thermal decomposition of solid borane. The inorganic oxidant is ammonium, potassium, strontium nitrate, iron oxides, vanadium, magnesium, and/or dinitramine ammonium. The polyaminoborane and inorganic oxidant have at least 90 (preferably 100) mass% of the compound mass. Preferred Process: The process is implemented for feeding a proton exchange membrane fuel cells in hydrogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode mix layer contains carbon material as electroconductive material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon type gas arises when carbon material is heated in gaseous phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent or crystal washing solution having a water content of less than 15 ppm and concentration of not less than 99.95% is dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate or propene carbonate. The crystal washing solution is added at 3-10 times the mass of biphenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The filter used in the pressure filtering step is polyvinylidene fluoride or PTFE having an aperture of 0.1-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte comprises less than 0.003% iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The electrolyte is prepared by mixing (wt.%) silica sol (10-50), polyethylene glycol (0.5-10), and 15 pts.wt. water; lightly heating to form uniform paste, adding silicone oil (5-40); and agitating, and adding water. Preferred Property: The electrolyte has a density of 1.2-1.4 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred System: The fuel cell system has a water vapor coagulator (32) containing a hygroscopic substance provided between several films having different water vapor permeability. The hygroscopic substance is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium polyacrylate or poly glutamic acid. The hydrogen producing material is packaged by polymer film which permeates water vapor in air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The solar module exhibits thermal expansion coefficient according to DIN 53752, and exhibits preset elongation at break in accordance with DIN EN ISO 37. The module has a fire protection unit that conforms to DIN EN 13501-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light guide connected to output of solar collector consists of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), glass, or other fluorinated polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cell unit has a P-type semiconductor layer selected from a group consisting of P-type amorphous silicon, aluminum gallium nitride, and aluminum gallium arsenide. The P-N junction of the cell unit is made of a material selected from a group consisting of copper indium gallium diselenide, Cadmium telluride and Copper Indium Diselenide. The N-type semiconductor layer of the cell unit is selected from a group consisting of N-type amorphous silicon, gallium nitride, and Indium gallium phosphide. The transparent conductive layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of Indium Tin oxide, and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar cell unit has a rear metal layer made of a material selected from a group consisting of silver, copper, molybdenum, aluminum, copper aluminum alloy, silver copper alloy and copper molybdenum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In method (M1) the polysilane (preferably silicon hydride) having optical reactivity and having a rod-like shape, coil-like shape or string-like shape is used. In method (M2) the liquid is brought into contact with the base by forming a coating film including the polysilane-modified silicon fine wire on the base and the light irradiation is performed during the formation of the coating film and then the heat treatment. The silicon film including polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon or a polycrystalline silicon film is formed. EXAMPLE - Polysilane-modified silicon fine wire was manufactured as follows: In a glove box filled with argon phenylsilane (0.03 g) was dissolved in dehydrated toluene (100 ml) and nickel (0.8 mg) fine particles with a diameter of 5-6 nm were dispersed in the dehydrated toluene to prepare a phenylsilane/nickel fine particle mixed liquid. To a pressure-resistant container pressure was set to 3.4 MPa and heated to 460 degrees C, phenylsilane/nickel fine particle mixed liquid (0.340 cm3) and dehydrated toluene bubbled by argon was injected so that the pressure in the container was set to 23.4 MPa. After the reaction was completed, the container was cooled down to room temperature. Silicon film was formed through the use of polysilane-modified silicon fine wire dispersed in toluene as a solvent at a concentration of 15 wt.% to form a dispersion liquid, and then the dispersion liquid was dripped onto the base to form a coating film by a spin coat method. Then, the dispersion liquid was heated at 350 degrees C to form a silicon film (test) having a metallic luster with a color of yellow to brown. Comparative example was prepared using cyclopentasilane irradiated with light was used instead of polysilane-modified silicon fine wire. The crystallinity degree for test/comparative was found to be 1.5/1. The films were amorphous and polycrystalline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal is chosen from aluminum and aluminum alloys. Preferred Property: The photocurable acrylate adhesive has glass transition temperature of more than 5 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) is chosen from silicone, acrylic acid ester, Silgrip PSA595 (RTM: silicone pressure sensitive adhesive), and Dow Corning 2013 Adhesive (RTM: solvent-free silicone pressure sensitive adhesive). The primary adhesive is chosen from hard acrylic polymer, aliphatic polyurethane, vinyl ester, hydrogenated di-glycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy adhesive, aliphatic polyester, and amino resin based adhesive cured with aliphatic diol or polyol. The secondary adhesive is chosen from silicone, epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic, amino hot melt, thermally conductive silicone adhesives, Dow Corning PV7020 (RTM: thermally conductive gel), Dow Corning PV-6010 (RTM: adhesive), aliphatic polyurethane, Ultraclear 400 (RTM: adhesive), ultraviolet/visible curable acrylate, and Light Weld 4-20435 (RTM: light weld adhesive). The concentrator is formed using a material chosen from polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, and cyclic olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The wafer is made of silicon, germanium, indium phosphide or gallium arsenide. The deposited metal layer is made of nickel, palladium, titanium, silver, gold, aluminum, copper, tungsten, chromium, vanadium, tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The deposited metal layer is substituted by carbon polymer. The gaps between the wafers attached to front substrate are, filled with polymer, glass, or epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An insulation layer formed from aluminum oxide is arranged between the support structure and the rear side plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The support structure is formed from copper, copper iron alloy, copper nickel alloy or aluminum alloy, and is provided with a diffusion barrier made from nickel, palladium or silver and an oxidation barrier made from gold, and the rear side plate has a substrate plate formed from steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rear side plate has the substrate plate formed from plastic, glass or glass fiber composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The photoelectric conversion device includes metal film made of aluminum and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The particles are spinel-type lithium, olivine-type lithium iron phosphate, olivine-type lithium vanadium phosphate, olivine-type lithium manganese phosphate or titanium oxide, preferably olivine-type manganese-cobalt-nickel ternary type oxide, spinel-type compound, lithium nickelate, lithium cobaltate or lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic compound having 4 benzene rings and/or its derivative is dissolved in organic solvent before mixing the particles. Preferred Compound: The organic compound is pyrene or its derivative, preferably naphthacene or chrysene. The derivative of pyrene is a derivative in which amino, bromo, methylchloride, alkyl and nitro is bonded with pyrene, benzopyrene and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydropyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic layer and sealing material contain organic compound which has siloxane bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The rubber hardness of the board attached to laminated structure is measured based on JISK6253 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The etching liquid used for tape is made of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base material layer attached to tape is made of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polyimide film, polymethyl pentene, polystyrene butadiene rubber and polypropylene. The adhesive layer is made of (meth)acrylic resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductor powder is spherical silver powder. The paste composition comprises (in weight parts) glass powder (3-8), vehicle (70-84) and conductor powder (10-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made of aluminum, gold and/or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent plastic layer is made of polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, styrene-acrylonitrile-polymer and/or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hightech textile is reinforced with materials such as silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat supply is carried out via a lithium-ion-battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high tech textile consists of nylon-polyamide fibers, and the hightech textile is reinforced with materials such as nylon. The hightech textile is equipped with a shaft-extension with a nylon material with integrated rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The permeable vessel is gel bead or slab. The entrapped metal particles are silver, palladium, platinum, copper, nickel, lead, antimony, iron (preferred), zinc, aluminum, magnesium gallium, calcium, and/or sodium or metal alloys. Preferred Properties: The entrapped metal particles are of mesh size of 2500-4, preferably 2500-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The acid is flowed over the permeable vessel or degassed prior to permeating the permeable vessel. The second and third steps are carried out in anaerobic conditions or temperature-controlled environment. The first step includes providing permeable vessel containing entrapped metal particles in a reactor, separating metal particles from permeable vessel for subsequent reuse of hydrogen production. Preferred Parameters: The method is carried out at 80 degrees C and neutral pH. Preferred Components: The acid is mixture of gluconic acid (preferred), ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, carboxylic acid, or their precursor. The vessel comprises propylene glycol alginate, sodium alginate, bone gelatin, guar gum, gum arabic, carrageenan, pectin, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, deacylated chitin, and/or cellulose; and entrapped metal particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The permeable vessel is made of alginate, gelatin, gum, polysaccharide, heteropolysaccharide, or resin. Preferred Properties: The gel bead has diameter of 0.2-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent conductive films are made from any one material selected from the group consisting of tin indium oxide layer, tin dioxide layer or zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc oxide based material comprises zinc oxide, indium-zinc-oxide, aluminum-zinc-oxide, gallium-zinc-oxide, zirconium-zinc-oxide, magnesium-zinc-oxide or silicon-zinc-oxide. The substrate comprises gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, silicon carbide, silicon, lithium aluminum oxide or gallium lithium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic polymer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) that generates exciton through solar energy absorbed in solar spectrum range.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The radiator is made of silver, copper, aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outlet of the fume channel is made of a wall of glass reinforced plastic pipe of fire-retardant epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The electron-accepting organic material is a fullerene compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Structure: The benzothiadiazole skeleton is 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl, and the oligothiophene skeleton is an oligo(thiophene-2,5-diyl). The benzothiadiazole compound is of formula (1).R1-R18=H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl or halo;A=bivalent heteroarylene having 6-membered ring structure, or bivalent arylene group having 6-membered ring structure;m=0 or 1;andn=1-1000. EXAMPLE - (In mg) 4,7-bis-(5'"-bromo-3,3'"-dioctyl-(2,2';5',2";5",2'")quaterthiophen-5-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (57) and 2-(7-(1,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)-9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborinane (18) were dissolved in toluene (5 ml). Water (2 ml), potassium carbonate (0.11 g), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (4.7), and Aliquat 336 (RTM: water-insoluble quaternary ammonium salt) (1 drop) were added and stirred at 100 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere for 75 hours. Subsequently, phenylboronic acid (40) was added and stirred at 100 degrees C for 5 hours. The solid produced by adding methanol (50 ml) to the obtained solution, was filtrated and washed with methanol, water, methanol and acetone. The obtained solid was dissolved in chloroform, concentrated and dried, to obtain a benzothiadiazole compound (55) of formula (A). The compound had a number average molecular weight of 14419, a polymerization degree of 26.5, an optical absorption end wavelength of 1.72 eV, a highest occupied-molecular-orbital level of 721 nm, and a band gap of -5.14 eV. A photovoltaic device obtained using the compound had a fill factor of 0.5, a short-circuit current density of 8.3 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.89 V, and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.69%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: Preparing the niobium-doped-manganese site lithium manganate anode material of lithium ion secondary battery comprises: weighing raw materials lithium compound, manganese compound and niobium compound such that the mol ratio of lithium Li to Mn and Nb is as follows: Li: ((2-z) Mn + xNb)=1:2; adding the measured raw materials into a ball milling container and then adding ball milling medium and dispersant to them; carrying out ball milling for the mixture for 3-10 hours, and drying it at 50-100 degrees C; pre-roasting the dry powder at 550-900 degrees C for 5-20 hours to obtain semi-finished product which is milled in a ball mill through the dry method for 2-5 hours; and finally roasting the product for the second time at 500-700 degrees C and filtering it using a 300-mesh sieve after taking it out of the furnace, thus obtaining the target product. Preferred Components: The dispersant refers one of de-ionized water, denatured alcohol and absolute ethyl alcohol, or mixture of two of three of them. The ball milling container refers to one of corundum ball milling jar, agate ball milling jar, polyurethane ball milling jar and nylon ball milling jar. The ball milling medium refers to zirconia balls, corundum balls, agate balls, polyurethane balls and nylon balls. The lithium compound refers to one or mixture of two or more than two of lithium carbonate, lithium oxalate, lithium acetate and lithium hydroxide. The manganese compound refers to one or mixture of two or three of electrolytic manganese dioxide, chemical manganese dioxide and manganese sesquioxide. The niobium compound refers to one of niobium hydroxide, niobium pentaoxide and niobium oxalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The frit contains (mol%) phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) (0-30), vanadium oxide (V2O5) (0-30), zinc oxide (ZnO) (0-20), barium oxide (BaO) (0-15), arsenic trioxide (As2O3) (0-20), antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) (0-20), indium oxide (In2O3) (0-5), iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) (0-10), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (0-3), boron oxide (B2O3) (0-20), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) (0-10) and titanium oxide (TiO2) (0-10). Coupling agent is silane coupling agent, titanium coupling agent and/or silicone compounds. Inorganic filler is disilicon nitride, talc, magnesium oxide (MgO), mica, montmorillonite, alumina oxide, graphite, beryllium oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, mullite and/or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Coating frit paste composition contains (weight parts) frit (60-90), organic adhesive (0.1-5) and organic solvent (5-35). Light-cured resin composition contains (weight parts) epoxy resin (100), photo-polymerization initiator (0.1-20), coupling agent (0.01-10), inorganic filler (0.01-100) and photo-acid generator (0.05-10). Epoxy resin is bisphenol-A epoxy resin, bisphenol-F epoxy resin, bisphenol-AD epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, naphthol novolac epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene epoxy resin, phenol novolac epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, epoxy resin prepolymer, polyether modified epoxy resin, silicone modified epoxy resin and/or epoxy resin copolymer. Photo-polymerization initiator is diazonium, aromatic sulfonium salt, aromatic iodonium aluminum salt, aromatic sulfonium aluminum salt, metallocene compounds and/or iron arene compounds. Photo-acid generator is sulfonate or sulfonic ether compounds and/or onium compounds. Preferred Process: The process further involves cutting space of coating part between sealing line and light-cured resin composition to separate solidified part of the light-cured resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material further contains 2-100 nm carbon layer coated on the surface of secondary particle or on the inner wall of the mesoporous pore through deposition. The carbon content accounts for 1-20 wt% of the weight of the mesoporous material. Lithium salt is lithium acetate, lithium citrate, lithium nitrate or lithium oxalate. Transient metal salt is acetate, citrate, nitrate or oxalate. Inert gas is Ar, N2 or Ar/H2. Preferred Parameters: The geometric profile of secondary particle is spherical or ellipsoidal and the average particle diameter is 100 nm-50 mu m. Mean pore size of mesopores is 2-500 nm and the nano-scale mesoporous pore continuously or partially runs through.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Solvent used is ethylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, glycyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Conductive carbon material contains carbon powder, graphite, acetylene black, or blast-furnace carbon black with grain diameter of 20-40 nm. Organic pore-forming agent is polyethylene glycol oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarboxylic acids or polyvinyl butyral with molecular weight of 400-10000 (1000-5000). Water retention agent is propanetriol, ethylene glycol or propanediol. Solvent is alcohol or water. Alcohol is isopropanol, absolute ethyl alcohol, normal butanol and/or cyclohexanol. Hydrophobic agent is polyfluortetraethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The absorber pipe and the inner body are made of additive containing plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastics consists of polyamide type, polyester type, ethylene vinyl chloride type or silicon type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Process: In the process, the application of (I) is performed by printing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) additionally comprises: one or more glass frits (0.01-5 wt.%); a zinc-organic component in a proportion corresponding to a zinc contribution of 0.05-0.6 wt.%; and amorphous silicon dioxide (0-0.5 wt.%). The particulate aluminum is present at 50-80 wt.%. The tin-organic component is solid tin-organic compound, a combination of two or more solid tin-organic compounds, one liquid tin-organic compound, a combination of two or more liquid tin-organic compounds, a combination of solid and liquid tin-organic compounds and a solution of one or more tin-organic compounds in organic solvent(s). The tin-organic component is present in a proportion corresponding to a tin contribution of 0.01-0.5 wt.%. The tin-organic compound(s) is/are tin-organic salt compounds comprising tin resinates or tin carboxylates. The tin-organic component is tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (0.1-1 wt.%). The silicon solar cell further comprises a silicon wafer. Preferred Process: The firing is performed as cofiring together with other front-side and/or back-side metal pastes that have been applied to the silicon wafer to form front-side and/or back-side electrodes on it during firing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic vehicle further comprises organic polymer(s) and/or organic additive(s). EXAMPLE - Typical aluminum paste comprised (in wt.%): air-atomized aluminum powder (72); organic vehicle of polymeric resins and organic solvents (26); amorphous silica (0.07); tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (0.5); glass frit (0.5); and zinc neodecanoate (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and/or 2-propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The dispersion composition has viscosity (A) (mPa.second) which satisfies the relation: A=exp(0.26x T), where T is concentration (mass%) of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin. The melt flow rate of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor is 0.01-100 g/100 minutes. The distribution process is carried out at 220 degrees C or less. Preferred Definitions:    n=0;and    m=2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The adhesive resin contains resin chosen from olefin-type copolymer having hydroxy group, ethylenic copolymer having glycidyl methacrylate, and polyolefin graft modified by acidic functional group, preferably maleic acid modified polyolefin graft modified by maleic acid anhydride. The olefin-type copolymer having hydroxy group is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate acrylic acid ester copolymer saponified compound. Preferred Layer: The resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic carboxylate ester copolymer and/or polyolefin-type resin. The sealing sheet has a single layered structure consisting of resin layer containing adhesive resin and having inclined cross-linked structure, are multilayered structure having two or more layers comprising inner layer laminated on a surface layer containing adhesive resin. The resin layer and surface layer have gel fraction of each of 1-65 mass%. The sealing heat is formed using cyclic die. Preferred Composition: The content of adhesive resin and thermoplastic resin in resin layer is 10-100 mass% and 0-90 mass%, respectively. Preferred Property: The resin sheet has water vapor permeation rate of less than 40 g/m2.day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is an organic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of alkyl group in surface functional group is 40-90%. The content of silica polymer with respect to inorganic particles is 0.1-100 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fullerene is fullerene hydroxide. The content of fullerene is 10-100 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of single-wall carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: A protective layer (13) is further provided on the conductive layer. The conductive layer is provided on a resin-made substrate (11).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thermoplastic-resin sheet consists of 2 or more compound layers. The content of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol component in the resin layer is 0.5-10 mol% with respect to all diol components in a thermoplastic resin layer, and/or the sum total content of isophthalic-acid component and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid component in the resin layer is 0.5-10 mol% with respect to all dicarboxylic acid components in the resin layer. The thermoplastic-resin sheet has a 90 degrees peeling strength of 4 N/15 mm or more. The carboxyl-end-group concentration after processing at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity for 2000 hours is 100 eq/polyester 106 g. The thermoplastic-resin sheet has a light transmittance of 35% or less. Preferred Components: The thermoplastic-resin sheet contains a pigment, and 1 or more types of particles chosen from carbon black particles, titanium oxide particles, barium sulfate particles, calcium carbonate particles, and silicon dioxide particles (0.5-50 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The first electrode is a transparent electrode. The second electrode is a reflective electrode. The concave convex pattern is a diffraction grating, or blazed diffraction grating. The organic active layer is a polymer active layer. The polymer active layer is a bulk-heterojunction active layer. The cell includes a buffer layer disposed between the organic active layer and the transparent electrode. The elastomer stamp is formed by molding using a template having a surface relief grating (SRG). The template includes a photoisomerization polymer layer. The surface relief grating is formed by irradiating interference light onto the photoisomerization polymer layer. The surface relief grating is a blazed diffraction grating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt and the inorganic compound are inorganic compounds containing hydroxide or hydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The antifreezing agent is calcium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of the aggregate is 50-200 nm. The active surface area per unit weight of the catalyst in the catalyst carrying carbon particle is 450-600 cm2/mg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode protective layer is made of aggregate of particles containing compound (A) chosen from zirconia, titania, silicon oxide, indium oxide, tungsten oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, tin oxide, antimony pentaoxide, cesium oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, magnesium fluoride, zinc sulfide, selenium sulfide, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride and boron nitride. The protective layer has amorphous layer containing compound (A), or resin layer. The anti-reflective film contains compound (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat absorption agent is selected from polyethylene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat absorption agent is selected from triphenyl methane, threitol, xylitol, naphthalene, paraffin, polyisoprene or poly lactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Layer: The clad filter material has anticorrosion metal coating layer having alloy containing nickel, tin, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, tantalum, niobium and/or gold. The perforated metal layer is coated with alloy containing 2 or more type of alloy chosen from molybdenum, chromium, titanium, palladium, platinum, tantalum, niobium, tungsten, gold, nickel and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The felt-type resin fiber layer has average thickness of 20-500 mu m. The perforated resin layer has average thickness of 10-50 mu m. The average length of fine through-hole of perforated resin layer is 10-60 mu m. The surface roughness of perforated metal layer is 0.5-10 mu m. Preferred Components: The clad filter material contains thermoplastic resin film in which perforated resin layer is insoluble to methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: An electrode supported by the supporting catalyst as a working electrode (1), a platinum electrode as a counter electrode (2) and silver/silver chloride electrode as a reference pole are provided in an aqueous acid of 0.1 M, and a voltage of 0-1V is applied, and the electric current value is plus minus 0.05 A/cm2 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The supporting catalyst has MB2-type crystal structure, or sodium chloride-type crystal structure containing a carbide material comprising titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium and/or carbon. Preferred Composition: The supporting catalyst contains nitride of tantalum and nitrogen, preferably tantalum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive is organo-halogen compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The ion exchange rate of the phosphonium ion is 0.1-20%. The ion-exchange of portion of acidic radical with phosphonium ion is performed using compound which does not contain halogen, preferably fluorine. The counter-anion is hydroxide ion, carbonate ion, formic-acid ion, acetate ion, propylon acid ion, oxalate ion, maleic acid ion, adipic acid ion, salicylate ion, tartrate ion, citrate ion, methanesulfonic acid ion, sulfamic acid ion, tosyl acid ion, tetraphenyl boric acid ion, borate ion, sulfate ion, hydrogen sulfide ion, nitrate ion, phosphate ion, hydrogen phosphate ion, dibutyl phosphate ion and benzotriazonium ion. The content of phosphonium compound is 0.1-20%. The electrolyte in a catalyst layer contained in the electrolytic membrane and the electrode. The ion exchange portion of acidic radical is further carried out with lithium ion, sodium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, aluminum ion, gallium ion, chromium ion, zinc ion, lanthanum ion, cerium ion, praseodymium ion, europium ion, bismuth ion and lead ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves depositing catalyst particles consisting of platinum and copper by irradiating electron beam on the support. Preferred Condition: The quantity of electron beam irradiated to unit time is 0.01-10 kGy/second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet-like support structure is made of foaming polyethylene or foaming polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The porous carbon base sheet is manufactured using short carbon fibers and thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred material: The polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a solid polymer film, gas diffusion layer, and separator containing stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lower cover is made of plastic or plastic composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal is actinium, silver, gold, cadmium, cesium, cobalt, chromium, copper, dysprosium, erbium, europium, iron, gadolinium, hafnium, mercury, holmium, iridium, lanthanum, lutetium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, neodymium, nickel, osmium, palladium, praseodymium, platinum, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, samarium, tantalum, terbium, titanium, thulium, uranium, tungsten, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc, or zirconium. The transition metal is preferably manganese. The substrate comprises electrode and porous film or membrane. The metal oxide is in electrical contact with the electrode. The substrate comprises alumina or polymer template guiding the formation of core of coaxial nanowire of forming of shell axially surrounding the core. The metal oxide and electropolymerized organic compound are coelectrodeposited on the substrate. Preferred Parameters: The conditions comprise voltage potential to substrate of 0.6-0.85, preferably 0.75 V as determined using silver/silver chloride electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electropolymerized organic compound is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) (derivative) or its position isomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Compound (1) is preferably of formula (2). Compound (2) is preferably of formula (3).Het2=Het1;X2a-X2d=Xa;Y'2b-Y'2f=Y'b;L1,L2=oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or =NRa;Ra,R5a-R5j=H or monovalent substituent;andZ1,Z2=atomic group required to form a 4-8 membered ring grouping with Y'2b and Y'2c, or Y'2e and Y'2f.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The resin molding has a light transmittance of 80% or more at a wavelength of 440 nm and 70% or more at a wavelength of 430 nm. Preferred Material: The polymer material is polyester, polycarbonate, or acrylic resin, preferably polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, or polymethylmethacrylate. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 51 Heterocyclic-ring-containing compounds are disclosed e.g. 2-(5-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)thien-2-yl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one of formula (A), 2-(5-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-(5-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)-2-furyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-(6-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, and 2-(3-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one.    EXAMPLE - Polyethylene-terephthalate pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.78 were dried at 170 degrees C for 6 hours, and injected into an extruder with 2-(5-(4-oxo-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)thien-2-yl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one having maximum absorption wavelength of 375 nm. The components were melt-kneaded at 280 degrees C, to obtain UV-absorber-containing pellets. A film of thickness 100 mu m formed using the pellets had excellent light resistance and no coloring. The light transmittance was 0.4% at 410 nm, 81.8% at 430 nm, and 88.2% at 440 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution further contains ionic liquid having viscosity of 5-30 mPa.second which is different from the iodine compound, organic derivative and guanidine salt. The organic derivative has benzimidazole ring, saturated hydrocarbon group which is directly bond and optionally substituent. Preferred Property: The organic compound has boiling point of 220 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The fluoropolymer has glass transition temperature of 30-160 degrees C, and is insoluble in methanol and water. Preferred Layers: The gas diffusion layer has a porous base material layer contacting with microporous layer, which is in contact with an electrode layer. The microporous layer and base material layer contain the fluoropolymer. The gas diffusion layer contains another fluoropolymer does not having hydroxy group. The gas diffusion layer of cathode side and anode side contains the hydroxy-containing fluoropolymer. The catalyst layers of anode side and cathode side contain sulfonated polyarylene having structural unit(s) (C) chosen from structural units of formulae ((C-1)-(C-4)) and structural unit(s) (D) chosen from structural units of formulae ((D-1),(D-2)).R1-R35=H, fluoro, alkyl fluorinated alkyl, aryl or cyano group;W'=single bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, -(CF2)p- or -C(CF3)2-;p=1-10;J=single bond, -CH2-, -(CF2)p-, -C(CH3)2-, -C(CF3)2-, -O- or -S-;T=single bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -(CF2)p- or -C(CF3)2-;andQ=single bond, -CH2-, -(CF2)p-, -C(CH3)2-, -C(CF3)2-, -O-, -S- or group containing 1 or more fluoro or fluorine and bonding group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The power delivery surface has a plastic base that accepts stamped metal electrode strips.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The core-shell particles are particles in which palladium is coated on the surface of silver or copper. The metal particles are palladium particles. The alloy particles are silver-palladium particles. Preferred Composition: When the conductive component is silver particles and metal particles, the content of metal particles is 0.01-10 weight%, based on the total amount of paste. When the conductive component is alloy particles or core-shell particles, the content of alloy particles or core-shell particles is 0.01-20 weight%, based on the total amount of paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal is a transition metal (preferably gold, copper, silver, palladium, nickel, iron, cobalt, manganese and platinum). The reducing agent is sodium borohydride. The stabilizer is selected from boric acid, thiol terminated chemical molecules and solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The film comprises polyethylene, polypropylene or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Several metal nano-structures that are arranged over the semiconductor layer and between the metal fingers are made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coatings include structures that incorporate silicon, silica, air or gas inclusions. The coating includes silicon dioxide, aluminum, zinc, nickel, indium, tin, copper, titanium titanium dioxide, silver or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The carbodiimide compound has molecular weight of 200-100000, preferably 200-1000, and breakage elongation retention of 50% or more after 50 times passage and 72 times passage at 121 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. EXAMPLE - Dimethyl terephthalate (85 wt.pts) and ethylene glycol (60 wt.pts) were added to a reactor. Calcium acetate (0.08) was added, and trans-esterified at 240 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere. Trimethyl phosphate (10 wt.%) and ethylene glycol were added. Silicon oxide particles having average particle diameter of 1.5 mu m, and antimony trioxide (0.03 wt.pts) were added. The temperature was raised, and pressure was reduced. N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide having molecular weight of 206 was added and maintained at 3 kPa for 10 minutes to produce a polyethylene terephthalate composition. The composition was extruded and stretched to produce a film for solar cell backside protective film. The film had favorable breakage elongation retention.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is chosen from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, zinc, iridium, gold and/or platinum. The hydrogen storage material further contains an additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ligand of the polymer complex is polypyrrole. The polymer complex contains functional group(s) in side chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The adhesive coating film of outer and inner side frames contains room-temperature hardenable resin composition. The frame material having gas barrier property comprises a resin composition having ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EvOH) as main component. The resin composition having fluorine compound (X) as essential component is a resin composition having fluoro polyether compound (a) having at least 2 hydroxyl groups in 1 molecule and having perfluoropolyether structure in the principal chain of the molecule, isocyanate compound (b) and reaction catalyst (c) as main component. The fluoro polyether compound (a) is of formula: HO-F2C-(O-CF2-CF2)p-(O-CF2)q-CF2-OH (I). The fluorine compound (Y') of the resin composition is fluoro polyether compound having 2 or more hydrolysable group in 1 molecule and perfluoropolyether structure in the principal chain of the molecule. The fluorine compound (Y') is of formula: H3C-Si((-ON=C(-CH3)-C2H5)2)-((O-CF2-CF2)p-(O-CF2)q)-O-Si((-ON=C(-CH3)-C2H5)2)-CH3 (II).p,q=0 or more;andp+q=positive integer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacturing process further comprises forming the polymeric-material solution into a film after the dissolution process and before the cross-linking process. Preferred Components: The reactive functional group is hydroxyl group, and the combinable functional group is isocyanate group. Preferred Composition: The content of gas barrier property polymeric material is 1-8% with respect to whole mass. The electroconductive electrolyte material contains gas barrier property solid electrolyte material and carbon material which is distributed in the gas barrier property solid electrolyte material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode contains active material (a2) and an active material (LixCo1-aM'yO2) (a3), where a is 0.005-0.1 and M'is magnesium, aluminum, titanium, strontium, manganese, nickel, calcium, vanadium, iron, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, tantalum, tungsten, rare earth metal, ytterbium, barium, copper and/or zinc. Preferred Properties: The weight ratio of active material (a2) is 10-90% with respect to total content of active material (a1) and active material (a2). The weight ratio of active material (a2) is 10-50% with respect to total content of active material (a1) and active material (a3). Preferred Compound: The lithium salt mixed in solvent is mixed salt of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The linear carbonate is diethyl carbonate or ethylmethyl carbonate. Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains cyclic ester such as vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, and/or ( gamma )-valerolactone, a sulfur-containing organic solvent such as ethylene sulfite, 1,3-propane sultone, sulfolane, tetrahydrofuran sulfite and/or sulfolene and a nitrogen-containing organic solvent such as methylamine, ethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,4-ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, pyridine, hexahydro pyridine, morpholine, quinuclidine, aniline, tetramethyl ethylenediamine and/or etheramide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The isolation film is porous film containing a heat-resistant resin containing chlorine or a laminated film containing heat-resistant resin and porous polyolefin. The layer of laminated film contains heat-resistant resin, filler and porous polyolefin. The heat-resistant resin contains aramid and/or polyamidoimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The manufacturing method of the electrical insulation sheet for solar cell backboard comprises: (a) taking corona discharge process to the two surface of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thin film, and coating adhesive to a surface of the PET thin film, drying at 70-100 degrees C for 3-5 minutes; (b) plating a protective layer to another PET thin film, drying and pressing the PET thin film at 70-100 degrees C to prepare a PET composite sheet; (c) taking corona discharge process to a surface of another PET thin film, drying for 1-3 minutes at 90-110 degrees C; and (d) coating an adhesive layer to a surface of the dried PET thin film, taking easy adhesion process to the other surface of the dried PET thin film, and heat pressing and compounding the composite sheet at 70-90 degrees C to make an electrical insulation sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sunlight panel is made of one among gallium-arsenide, copper, indium, gallium and selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The working electrode and counter electrode are joined by a joining layer that contains an ionomer, ethylene-vinyl acetic anhydride copolymer, ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, UV-ray cured resin and group of vinyl alcohol polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive resin is propylene type-resin having stress relaxation property and density of 0.85-0.89 g/cm3, or acid modified-polypropylene type-resin. The sealing material consists of blended material containing acid modified-polypropylene type-resin and polypropylene resin in weight ratio of 100:5 to 100:50. The substrate is formed using aluminum, stainless steel, or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The light capturing pane is made of optically transmissive material containing glass, poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, urethane, polyurethane, silicone rubber, optical epoxies and/or cyanoacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The thin plate is a metal material which is an iron-nickel series alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrode board contains synthetic resin as main component. The adhesive coating film contains room temperature hardenable resin composition. The frame material with gas barrier property contains resin composition which has ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EvOH) as main component. The fluorine compound component is fluoropolyether compound which has greater than or equal to 2 pieces of hydrolyzable group and perfluoropolyether structure in principal chain of molecule. The siloxane compound component is polyorganosiloxane compound which has greater than or equal to 2 pieces of hydrolyzable group in 1 molecule. The mixture ratio of siloxane compound component in resin composition which forms adhesive coating film is 5-100 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of fluorine compound components.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive coating film contains room temperature hardenable resin composition or resin composition containing siloxane compound and fluorine compound. The frame contains resin composition comprising ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer as main component. The fluorine compound is fluoropolyether compound having hydrolyzable groups in a molecule and perfluoropolyether structure in the principal chain of the molecule.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The high strength layer consists of stainless steel, aluminum and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high strength layer and coating layer consists of polyamide, polyimide and polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal electrode layer contains a material selected from Al, Ag, Au, Pt, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, and Ti.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor electrode substrate which has porous semiconductor immersed in varnish, and makes dye adsorbed to porous semiconductor. The dye-sensitized solar cell which is equipped with the electrolyte is interposed between the semiconductor electrode and counter electrode. EXAMPLE - 2,5-Dibromo-3-diethoxy phosphoryl thiophene, 2,2'-bipyridyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene, bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene) nickel and 1,4-dioxane were mixed and heated at 60 degrees C for 20 hours. The obtained reaction liquid was filter and washed using aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. Then, sodium sulfate was added, dried and solvent was distilled off, to obtain phosphoryl thiophene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The solar cell contains ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin sheet (3) as packing material of photovoltaic cell. EXAMPLE - Butyl 065 (RTM: butyl rubber), Septon 2063 (RTM: styrene based block copolymer), YS resin To115 (RTM: styrene modified terpene), Sumilizer GA-80 (RTM: phenolic antioxidant), Irgafos 168 (RTM: phosphorus type antioxidant), Biscole 550P (RTM: paraffin wax), HV-300 (RTM: liquid polybutene) and 1,3-bis(aminopropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane were used to prepare a hot-melt resin composition. The composition had excellent adhesiveness with respect to aluminum or glass and excellent ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin sheet contamination proof property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The (meth)acrylic-type photocurable composition has volume shrinkage rate of 6-8% before hardening, and viscosity of 5-1000 mPa.second at 23 degrees C. The texture layer has glass transition temperature of 200 degrees C or more and thickness of 0.3-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor nanocrystals comprises lead sulfide core. The first matrix material is silica sol-gel. The semiconductor nanocrystals are two or more semiconductor nanocrystals. Preferred Methods: The method includes adding the shaped article in LED. The first step comprises dissolving the first matrix material in solvent to form first matrix material solution, dissolving semiconductor nanocrystals in the same solvent to form semiconductor nanocrystal solution, mixing the two solutions to form semiconductor nanocrystal-first matrix material solution, and evaporating the solvent from the semiconductor nanocrystal-first matrix material solution to form preform material. The second step is carried out by injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, compression molding, contact molding, impression molding, press molding, or resin transfer molding the preform material. The forming of preform material is preferably by injection molding. Preferred Properties: Upon excitation the shaped article emits light in infrared range.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The shaped article comprises optical epoxy. The first material is matrix or polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method includes causing complete polymerization of the protective material in the areas. The partial polymerization is conducted by applying electric current to the electrode, or by applying light energy to the outer layer, for the protective material to partially polymerize in the areas in the outer layer. Preferred Component: The protective material is a weakly conductive material, or an insulating material. It comprises mixture of a monomer material and a supporting electrolyte. The mixture comprises a monomer capable of undergoing electro-chemical polymerization. It may comprise a monomer capable of undergoing photo-induced polymerization. The monomer comprises phenols, anilines, pyrroles, thiophenes, fluorenes and/or phenylene vinylenes. It may comprise methyl methacrylates, cycloaliphatic epoxides, acrylamides and/or styrenes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cleaning bath in the apparatus is washed with oxidation drying part made of silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The positive active material is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, and/or lithium vanadium phosphate. The negative active material is graphite, carbon microball, lithium titanate, and/or tin alloy. The outer package is steel shell and/or aluminum shell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive is hot-melt ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, PTFE, acrylic ester, and/or its derivatives. The membrane is polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyvinylidene fluoride. The outer package may be aluminum plastic composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components:The nanostructures comprise a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide, a metal, a mixed metal, a metal alloy, a metal alloy oxide, a metal hydroxide, or combinations of them.The nanostructures further comprise borate, phosphate, carbonate, boride, phosphide, carbide, an intercalated alkali metal, an intercalated alkali earth metal, an intercalated hydrogen, a sulfide, nitride, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.The additives are boric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, a sodium halide, a potassium halide and/or a surfactant.The conductive support comprises nickel, stainless steel, indium tin oxide (ITO) and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric-, sulfuric- and/or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nonconductive support comprises polymer, plastic and/or glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The ion conductive material contains 30-45 mol.% of phosphorus pentoxide, conductive material above 45 mol%, 0.1-15 mol.% of silicon dioxide, 0.1-50 mol.% of germanium oxide, and 0.1-50 mol.% of titanium dioxide. The ion-conductive material has a general formula (I). Li1ax(M,Al,Ga)x(Ge1-yTiy)2-x(PO4)3 (I)M=In, Fe, Cr, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu;x=0-0.8;a=+; andy=0-1.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive part moisture barrier (8) is made of metal evaporated polyester film, laminated film of metal layer, insulating resin film, or metal oxide evaporated polyester film. The flexible surface protection thin film layer comprises layer(s) of transparent fluorine resin film, transparent metal oxide evaporated polyester film and ultraviolet ray shielding adhesive layer for bonding the first two films. The flexible adhesive resin layer is made of crosslinked resin film containing crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The flexible adhesive resin layer cover the total surface area of surface side of the solar cell layer, and extends towards the outer side of the solar cell layer to join with the flexible waterproof support membrane. The flexible adhesive resin layer extends between the solar cell layer and the flexible waterproof support membrane such that the back face side of the solar cell layer is bonded to the flexible waterproof support membrane. The conductive part moisture barrier is between the flexible adhesive resin layer and flexible surface protection thin film layer. The crosslinked resin layer is connected with the flexible surface protection thin film layer and the flexible adhesive resin layer and the edge parts of the flexible surface protection thin film layer and the flexible waterproof support membrane. The crosslinked resin layer is at least two solidified crosslinker. The crosslinker is epoxy resin, isocyanate compound, or coupling agent compound. The crosslinked resin layer (6) contains acrylic resin with primary amine group or fluoroolefin-vinyl copolymer resin with hydroxyl group and carboxy group. Preferred Properties: The area of the flexible surface protection thin film layer is 120-200% of total surface area of the solar cell layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The battery voltage has insulation including additive containing polythiophene, polyfuran, polyparaphenylene containing monomer of structural unit, and their derivatives, cyclohexylbenzene or tert-alkylbenzene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The molded component containing metal is metal foil. The metal foil is aluminum, stainless steel, copper, nickel, platinum, gold, iron and/or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protonic ionic liquid is homopolymerization component of protonic ionic liquid containing imidazole salt structure, guanidine structure or melamine salt structure, or copolymer of protonic ionic liquid and cross-linking agent. The protonic ionic liquid having radical polymerizable functional group is chosen from Bronsted acid salt obtained by neutralization reaction of Bronsted acid with N-vinylimidazole of formula (1, 2, 3 or 4). The polymer film contains 20-99 weight% of thermoplastic polymer other than polymer.R1,R2,R7,R12=H or alkyl;m=1-4;R3-R6,R8-R11=alkyl, where two of R3-R6 optionally bonded to form ring;andn=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The surface of the steel plate is roughened by alternation electrolysis or anode electrolysis in an aqueous ferric chloride. Preferred Component: The ferrite type stainless steel is equivalent to ferrite type stainless steel based on JIS G4305:2005. Preferred Composition: The ferrite type stainless steel further contains (in mass%) carbon (0.12 or less), silicon (1 or less), manganese (2 or less), phosphorus (0.08 or less), sulfur (0.03 or less), chromium (16-40), molybdenum (0.2-5), nitrogen (0.025 or less), nickel (0-0.6), copper (0-1), aluminum (0-1), titanium (0-0.8), niobium (0-0.8), vanadium (0-1), calcium (0-0.1), rare earth metal (0-0.1), boron (0-0.1) and remainder of iron and an unavoidable impurities. Preferred Property: The roughened surface of the steel plate has contact resistance of 15 m Omega .cm2 or less with respect to carbon paper by contacting with contact pressure of 1 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cell housing is made from parts of nickel plated steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The device complies with a planar dielectric film that is made of silicon dioxide, silicon oxy-nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The device comprises a set of reflective conductive strips that is made of alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, titanium and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reflective polarizing composite film comprises a set of optical layers made of polymeric materials
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The alkaline solution contains potassium hydroxide and water. The substrate is pre-cleaned (103) with solution containing hydrofluoric acid and deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surface modification additive contains wetting agent containing polyether or non-ionic surfactant and etching additive. The wetting agent is polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polypropylene glycol, or copolymer polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. The etching additive is poly(4-vinylphenol), brominated poly(4-vinylphenol), polystyrene sulfonic acid, Joncryl (RTM: polymer), phenol, ortho-cresol, meta-cresol, para-cresol or poly(cresol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The expanding agent is a silico calcium aluminate. The water reducing agent is calcium lignosulphonate. The foaming agent is aluminum powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The water reducing agent is alkane propenyl calcium sulfonate. The foaming agent is alkyl calcium sulfonate, or alkyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resin matrix is polyacrylic ester or polyester having carboxyl or hydroxide group. The curing functional group is amino group, carboxyl or hydroxide group. The curing agent is epoxy resin or isocyanate or carbodiimide curing agent. The adhesion layer further comprises curing catalyst, anti-hydrolytic stabilizer and silane coupling agent. The protection layer further comprises a top coating coated on the surface of the fluorine-contained coating and obtained by curing the bi-component high temperature curing glue. The top coating is polyacrylic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The clamping pieces are formed from a folded steel plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The clamping pieces are made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total weight concentration of aluminum and/or tin doped inorganic layer (a) is 0.2-40%. The total weight concentration of aluminum, tin, titanium, and/or germanium doped inorganic layer (b) is 0.2-40%. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the inorganic layer (a) is 20-100 nm. The thickness of the inorganic layer (b) is 20-400 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol container further contains (in mass parts) glass fiber (10-50) with respect to the resin composition (100). Preferred Component: The chemical admixture is hydrogenated styrene-butadiene block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The corrosion-prevention layer consists of polyvinyl-chloride resin, polyethylene-resin, urethane acrylate type resin, urethane type resin, silicone type resin, fluorine type resin and polyester-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The elasticity modulus of binder (A) is higher than electricity modulus of binder (B), or elasticity modulus of binder (B) is higher than electricity modulus of binder (A). The melting point of binder (A) is higher than melting point of binder (B). Preferred Component: The active material is compound containing natural graphite, artificial graphite, lithium and/or lithium alloy. The conductive support agent is carbon black, scale-type graphite, Ketchen Black, acetylene black and/or carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The encapsulating element is also made of low iron content tempered glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A rear reflective layer made of zinc oxide (ZNO) is formed between the photovoltaic and metal electrode layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The back sheet has an aluminum (Al) foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An encapsulating element in the photovoltaic module is made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A back sheet in the photovoltaic module has two polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) films and a poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) film or has two poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film and one PET film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low-refractive-index layer includes silica nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low-refractive-index layer includes a hybrid material that is a mixture of an organic material and an inorganic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The low-refractive-index layer includes a silicone resin, preferably a silane coupling material; and a fluoropolymer, preferably an amorphous fluorocarbon polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The receiver element comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The conductive material comprises a metal, metal compound, and/or metal silicide. It comprises titanium and/or titanium silicide, or aluminum. The receiver element comprises a metal or a metal compound. The lamina comprises crystalline silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Material: The conductive material comprises a metal alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The receiver element comprises a plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer comprises aluminum, and plastic layers comprise polypropylene, nylon and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second and third seal portions comprise one of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, polyphenylene sulfide resin and polyether ether ketone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The plate and panel are made of aluminum or alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - An upper surface contacting the solar fluid is sealed, while a liner material such as polyurethane material, is introduced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The separator comprises a porous ceramic material selected from silica (SiO2); alumina (Al2O3); zirconium oxide (ZrO2) or titanium oxide (TiO2); or an insulating nitride, hydrate, alkoxide, or ketonide of Si, Al, Zr or Ti.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing member comprises a polymer resin selected from a polyethylene, a polypropylene, and a polyethylene terephthalate. The separator comprises a polyolefin-based resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The redox mediator is iodine (I3-/I-) redox mediator. The photocatalyst is titanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode is made of negative electrode active material such as carbon. The cathode is made of positive polarity active material such as lithium cobaltate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The stainless steel of inner layer contains (in mass%) chromium (12-35), nickel (7-50) and molybdenum (8 or less). The stainless steel of outer layer contains chromium (5 or more) and molybdenum (5 or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen-electrode catalyst layer (45) of the membrane electrode assembly consists of binary system microparticles of phosphorus (1-50 at.%) and platinum (remainder), supported by conductive carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ball which moves in flow path supplying air from exterior to container of cartridge is formed of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, polybutylene, polyacryl, Teflon (RTM: PTFE) and resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The current collection boards include higher conductivity region made of gold, silver, copper, or aluminum, and lower conductivity region made of titanium or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A polymer film made of polyaniline, polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) is formed in the surface of brush-shaped carbon nanotube group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The quantity of hydrophobic material existing in the surface of gas diffusion layer is more than the quantity of hydrophobic material existing in the inside of gas diffusion layer. The hydrophobic material is fluorine compound having functional group(s) and molecular weight of 10000 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive carbon is selected from the group consisting of graphite, Ketchen Black, and carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carbon containing catalyst layer comprises porous resin sheet made of fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The hydrophobic material contains organosilicon compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid material is silica particulates. Preferred Composition: The phosphorus paste further contains silicon alkoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organophosphorus compound is polymerizable monomer derivative and/or phosphoric acid group. Preferred Property: The organic solvent has boiling point of 100 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic binder is polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The photoelectric conversion layer is copper-indium-selenide (CIS) type photoelectric conversion layer (4) containing copper-indium-gallium-selenium sulfide as main component. The silicate layer contains silicon-containing component. Preferred Compounds: The copper-indium-gallium-selenium sulfide is of formula: Cu(In1-xGax)(SeyS1-y)2. The silicon-containing component is of formula: aX2O.bY'O.cSiO2.x,y=0-1d;a,b,c=positive integer;X=alkali metal of group-Ia;andY'=alkaline earth metal of group-IIb.Preferred Process: The magnetron sputtering method is high-frequent magnetron sputtering method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The substrate contains heat-resistant polyimide which is aromatic polyimide having diaza-spiro-heptane-tetraone repeating unit of formula (1).Ar1=6-20C tetravalent aromatic group;andAr2=bivalent aromatic group optionally having 6-20C non-reactive substituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing film (13A) preferably contains 0.05-0.15 mass parts of magnesium hydroxide with respect to 100 mass parts of the copolymer. The sealing film (13B) preferably contains 0.1-0.5 mass parts of magnesium hydroxide with respect to 100 mass parts of the copolymer. The sealing film (13B) contains a coloring agent or lubricating agent, chosen from phosphite type compound. Preferred Property: The thickness of the sealing film (13A) is greater than the thickness of the sealing film (13B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating precursor comprises hexamethyl disiloxane (HMDSO), tetra-ethoxy silane (TEOS), hexamethyl disilazane (HMDSN), or 1,2-bis(triethoxy silyl) ethane (BTESE) and the coating comprises silane, silicon, an alkylsilane, fluoroalkylsilane, fluorocarbon or phenylethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating comprises polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aziridine compound is of formula: R1-(X-R2)n (1).X=-NH-CO- or -R3O-C(=O)-R4-;R3,R4=bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl optionally having substituent;R2=group of formula (3 or 4);R5-R11=H or monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl optionally having substituent;andn=1-4.When n is 1, R1 is monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl optionally having substituent. When n is 2, R1 is bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl optionally having arylene as substituent. When n is 3, R1 is trivalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl optionally having substituent. When n is 4, R1 is tetravalent carbon atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing-film composition contains (in mass parts) aziridine compound (0.1-5) and ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer (100), and further contains crosslinking agent (0.1-5), silane coupling agent, ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer and crosslinking adjuvant. The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer contains polar monomer of 20-35 mass parts. Preferred Component: The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Trimethylol-propane tris-( beta )-(1-aziridinyl propionate) of formula (G), N,N-hexamethylene-1,6-bis(1-aziridine carboxamide) and N,N'-diphenylmethane-4,4'-bis(1-aziridine carboxamide) are specifically claimed as aziridine compounds.    EXAMPLE - EVA100 (RTM: ethylvinylacetate) (in mass parts) (100), 1,1-bis(t-hexylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (0.6), ( gamma )methacrylpropyl triethoxysilane (0.5), triaryl isocyanurate (2) and trimethylol-propane tris-( beta )-(1-aziridinyl propionate) of formula (G) (1) were blended, to obtain a composition. The obtained composition had excellent durability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: Preparing the nanometer multi-hole spinel type composite metal oxide comprises:(A) weighing hydrated zinc nitrate and hydrated aluminum nitrate, and dissolving to deionized water to obtain salt solution;(B) weighing sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, and preparing to obtain aqueous alkali;(C) pouring the salt solution and aqueous alkali into a colloid mill, reacting for 2-3 minutes at 2000-4000 rpm, shifting white liquid into a flask to crystallize, extracting filtering the crystallize product, washing with deionized water, and drying filtered mass in oven to obtain precursor;(D) putting the precursor into a muffle furnace, heating, cooling the roasted product, and taking out; and(E) weighing roasted product, putting into a flask, adding sodium hydroxide solution, agitating to obtain uniform suspension, reacting, centrifuging to separate and washing many times until the pH value of the suspension is 7-8, and putting the solid deposit obtained to a drying cabinet at 60-90 degrees C to dry for 12-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The substrate temperature while spraying anodic functional layer is constant or heated to 40-60 degrees C. The temperature of functional layer-anodic green body while spraying electrolytic layer is constant or heated to 40-60 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas of spraying carrier gas is air or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is organic film or organic film with inorganic film or plate glass or other plated which do not react with the slurry. The organic film is polyethylene film or the polypropylene film. The organic film with inorganic film is aluminized tape-casting polypropylene film or silicon-plating polyethylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support frame is made of molded synthetic resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The inorganic material is preferably zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, ferric oxide or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ultraviolet visible absorption peak of composite material is subjected to remarkable red shift and the light-emitting range of composite covers the whole ultraviolet visible absorption region. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=linear or branched 6-13C alkyl, 1-6C alkoxy, 4-6C cycloalkyl, aryl, amido, carboxyl, ester, halo, or nitro;and    n=300-500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating base material in wiring board is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide and ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous layer includes indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, fluorine, aluminum, titanium, iron, zinc, gallium, niobium, tin, antimony or tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material includes polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, epoxy, styrene-divinylbenzene, polystyrene or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic piece is made of a material i.e. acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional group is selected from silane, phosphate, carboxyl and hydroxyl group, where both the membrane comprising the first water-repellent material having the functional group and the particles comprising the second water-repellent material comprise a fluororesin, where a content ratio of the particles comprising the second water-repellent material in the catalyst layer is greater than or equal to 10 mass% and less than or equal to 60 mass% of the catalyst structural body. The average size of the particles comprising the second water-repellent material is greater than or equal to 0.1 mu m and less than or equal to 0.5 mu m. The membrane comprising the first water-repellent material having the functional group is present on at least part of the surface of the catalyst structural body at a ratio of greater than or equal to 1 mu g/cm2 and less than or equal to 1000 mu g/cm2. The catalyst structural body has a dendritic shape. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cells are made from one of a group consisting cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, copper indium gallium diselenide, copper indium sulfide and copper indium gallium sulfur selenide. The quantum dots-semiconductor materials are selected from one of a group consisting of indium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, gallium nitride, indium gallium arsenide, gallium/indium phosphide, cadmium oxide, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, mercury sulfide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, lead suldfide, lead selenide and lead telluride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium compound of formula (LiC4F9SO3), lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium compound of formula (LiN(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2)), lithium chloride and lithium iodide.p, q = natural numbers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of (I) is 0.5-5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total electrolyte. The amount of the FEC is 2-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total electrolyte. The non-aqueous organic solvent is a carbonate, ester, ether and ketone. The carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and pentylene carbonate. The ester is n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, dimethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone and caprolactone. The ether is dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, dimethoxy ethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran. The ketone is cyclohexanone and polymethylvinyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrophobic side of the die and the hydrophobic alignment areas comprise a self assembled monolayer material, and the remaining hydrophilic surface comprises silica. The die is metallized using metal chosen from nickel, copper, titanium-tungsten-platinum alloy, nickel-vanadium alloy, chromium copper alloy and nickel-phosphorus alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrophobization with the self assembled monolayer material of the hydrophobic side and the hydrophobic alignment areas is thiolated gold, thiole, organofluorosilane and/or organochlorosilane. The organofluorosilane is fluoro-octyl-trichloro-silane, chloro-dimethyl-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-octyl)-silane and/or dodecylmonophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate comprises polyurethane, high temperature polyurethane, polycarbonate, acryl, polysulfone, cycloolefinic-copolymer and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive films are made of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide or tin dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic-type adhesive contains polymer which is obtained by polymerizing carboxyl group-containing monomer of formula: CH2=C(R1)-CO-OZ.R1=H or methyl;andZ=4-25C hydrocarbyl.Preferred Components: The acrylic-type adhesive further contains hardening agent. The hardening agent is polyisocyanate compound, modified polyisocyanate compound, epoxy resin and/or oxazoline group-containing resin. The acrylic-type adhesive forms crosslinked adhesive layer. The base material is polyester base material, polycarbonate base material, fluorine-type base material or acrylic-type base material. The polyester base material contains polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and/or polycyclohexane dimethanol terephthalate. The fluorine-type base material contains polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro-alkyl vinyl ether copolymer and/or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The laminate further has gas barrier layer. The gas barrier layer is metal foil, metal vapor deposition film or oxide vapor deposition film. Preferred Process: The adhesive layer is formed on each surface of the base materials, and the gas barrier layer is integrated between adhesive layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound is given by formulae (1-4). The amount of the sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound in the organic layer is 0.1-10000 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of conjugated polymer compounds.R1,R2,R4,R5=H, halo, or (alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy or arylalkylthio group) optionally substituted by fluoro;m=integer of 0-10;R3=H, halo, or (alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio group) optionally substituted by fluoro;Ar1,Ar2=bivalent heterocyclic group having nitrogen atom or arylene group;n=2-10;o=1-3;andp=0-5.Preferred Layer: The organic layer further contains electron accepting compound preferably fullerene derivative, and electron donor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grain diameter of lithium-vanadium phosphate is 0.04-15 mu m. The anode paste composition comprises lithium-vanadium phosphate (70-95 wt.%), conductive agent (1-5 wt.%), adhesive (1-10 wt.%) and thickening agent (0.5 -5 wt.%). Preferred Method: The pre-forming process is charging battery for 1-5 hours using 0.01-0.05 C current and placing it still for 1-3 hours. The 3-section heating polymerization includes performing polymerization for 10-20 minutes at 70-100 degrees C in first section; performing polymerization at 50-65 degrees C in middle section and preserving heat for 30-40 minutes; and performing polymerization at 70-90 degrees C for 10-20 minutes at final section.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode paste composition comprises modified graphite (70 - 95 wt.%), conductive agent (1-5 wt.%), adhesive (1-10 wt.%) and thickening agent (0.5-5 wt.%). The gel electrolyte precursor comprises (wt.%): electrolytic liquid (60-90), methyl methacrylate (5-35), polyvinylidene fluoride (3-15) and initiator (0.01-2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium (bis(pentafluoroethyl)sulfonyl)amide, lithium(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylamide, lithium(tris(pentafluoroethyl)sulfonyl)methane and/or trifluoromethyl sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dinitrile type compound is of formula: NC-R-CN.R = -(CH2)n-; andn = 1-10.The organic solvent is propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, vinylene carbonate, ethylene sulfide, propylene sulfide and/or tetrahydrofuran.The cyclic carbonate is 4-ethenyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethenyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethenyl-4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethenyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethenyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and/or 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The sultone-type compounds are claimed e.g. 5H-(1,2)oxathiol 2,2-dione of formula (A), 3-methyl-5H-(1,2)oxathiol-2,2-dione, 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-(1,2)oxathiine-2,2-dione, 5-methyl-5,6-dihydro-(1,2)oxathiine-2,2-dione and 5-methyl-5H-(1,2)oxathiol-2,2-dione.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate includes a structured layer made of polymer material, which is selected from a group consisting of fluoropolymer, acrylate polymer and silicone polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the structured plate is selected from the group of polymethyl methacrylate, poly-carbonate, polystyrene, polypropene, poly-ethylene, poly-ethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The water-vapor barrier layer is a metal foil, or a plastic film having a vapor-deposited layer of metal oxide or non-metallic inorganic oxide on the surface(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The plastic film of the base material is polyethylene-terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The metallic mesh is gold, aluminum, silver, copper, or chromium coated with gold. The metal layer is lithium fluoride and gold, lithium fluoride and aluminum, calcium and gold, cesium fluoride and gold, cesium fluoride and aluminum, cesium carbonate and gold, cesium carbonate and aluminum, triple-layered lithium fluoride, and or aluminum and gold. The conducting oxide layer is indium tin oxide or fluorinated tin oxide. The transition metal oxide is vanadium pentoxide, molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide. Preferred Method: The conducting oxide layer is sputtered or thermal spray-coated onto the substrate. The method further comprises depositing a transition metal oxide layer by solution processing on the transparent conducting oxide layer of the transparent anode, where the transition metal oxide layer has a work function similar to a highest occupied molecular orbital level of the organic active layer. Forming the organic active layer further comprises thermal annealing, solvent annealing or adding additives for improving morphology and enhancing carrier mobility, where the transparent substrate, transparent anode and the organic active layer are treated at 70-180 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is titania or zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyelectrolyte is perfluoro carboxylic acid type resin. The perfluoro carboxylic acid is a copolymer consisting of repeating unit of formula -(CF2-CF2)-, and repeating unit of formula -(CF2-CF(-O-(CF2CFXO)n-(CF2)m-SO3H))-. The composition also contains solvent.X=F or CF3;n=0-5; andm=1-12.Where n and m are not set to 0 simultaneously.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The gas barrier property layer is formed by sequentially laminating inorganic oxide layer and gas barrier property application layer (5), such that the gas barrier property application layer turns as outermost layer. The lamination of inorganic oxide layer and gas barrier property application layer is carried out twice or more. The inorganic oxide layer is aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer or silicon-oxide vapor deposition layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The fluorine resin film contains compound capable of absorbing ultraviolet ray. The gas barrier property application layer contains alkoxide and water soluble polymer. The gas barrier property application layer is obtained by polycondensing alkoxide (1), and polyvinyl-alcohol-type resin and/or ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer by sol gel process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyester film has curl index of 40 mm or less and visible ray reflectance of 85% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The secondary battery is accommodated in an exterior component (30) consisting of laminate films.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alkenyl/alkynyl aromatic compound in the electrolyte solution is 0.1-0.5 mass%. The mass ratio of halogenated carbonate and carbonate with respect to the alkenyl/alkynyl aromatic compound is 2-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The battery contains a high molecular compound swollen by the non-aqueous electrolyte. The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The inorganic compound is silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and/or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: A transparent layer (4b) containing resin which is not colored is provided to weather-resistance base material (a) side. A semi-white layer having coloring degree lower than the white layer is provided between white layer and transparent layer. The white color layer and semi-white layer are obtained by mixing white pigment with solid state-polymerized polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Composition: The weather-resistance base material (b) contains polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate. The weather-resistance base material (a) contains polyethylene terephthalate or foamed mixed resin of polyethylene terephthalate and methyl pentene resin. Preferred Process: The polyethylene terephthalate is provided on both surfaces of base material obtained by foaming mixed resin of polyethylene terephthalate and methyl pentene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic porous film contains metal oxide of alumina, silica, titania and/or zirconia. The electrolyte is ionic liquid containing imidazolium and ammonium as cation component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic binder matrix contains polymer of chelate derivative of hydrolytic polymerized component of organosilicon compound, and metal alkoxide or chelate derivative of metal alkoxide. A photoelectric converting layer (4) of solar cell comprises single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, thin silicon, chalcopyrite-type, cadmium-tellurium, dye or organic-semiconductor material. Preferred Compound: The organosilicon compound is of formula: (R1)xSi(OR2)4-x. The metal alkoxide is of formula: M(OR3)n.R1=1-6C alkyl having reactive functional group;R2=1-3C alkyl;x=0-3;M=aluminum, titanium, zirconium or zinc;R3=1-4C alkyl;andn=valency of M.Preferred Process: The inorganic binder matrix is baked at 400 degrees C or more. Preferred Property: The flat surface has surface roughness of 1-100 nm. The difference of refractive index of inorganic scattering particles and inorganic binder matrix is 0.05-0.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal-fiber consists of stainless steel, aluminum, platinum, titanium or any other alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic compound comprises silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The weather resistance base materials comprise polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and methyl pentene resin (TPX).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: During depositing at least 90% the temperature (T1) of the substrate is kept below 200 (preferably below 100 and especially below 60) degrees C. The process parameters (e.g. t, T, p, P, U) are set so that the film of the inorganic material (M2) is deposited at a deposition rate of at least 60 nm/minute (1 nm/s). Prior to the deposition of the film another layer of an inorganic material (M1) has been deposited. Preferred Components: The inorganic material (M2) is selected from SnS, Sb2S3, Bi2S3, CdSe, In2S3, In2Se3, SnS, SnSe, PbS, PbSe, MoSe2, GeTe, Bi2Te3, or Sb2Te3; compounds of Cu, Sb, and S (or Se, Te) (e.g. CuSbS2, Cu2SnS3, CuSbSe2, Cu2SnSe3); and/or compounds of Pb, Sb, S (or Se, or Te) (PbSnS3, PbSnSe3) (preferably SnS, Sb2S3, Bi2S3, SnSe, Sb2Se3, Bi2Se3 and/or Sb2Te3; especially SnS and/or Bi2S3; and particularly SnS and the crystalline structure is orthorhombic). The inorganic material (M1) is selected from a metal or a conducting oxide; and has been deposited by sputter deposition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The glass fiber of the solar cell module is made of fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode consist of porous carbon. The proton conductor contains an electrolyte, and hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and/or sulfuric acid. The electrolyte (3) has a compound containing imidazole ring as buffer substance. Preferred Properties: The mass ratio of the glucose dehydrogenase and diaphorase is 1:3-200:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The mean molecular weight of poly-L-lysine is 21500 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The active layer contains electron-donating organic semiconductor, electron-accepting organic semiconductor, fluorous compound, and solvent. The fluorous compound is a fluorous solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The electrode at which the fluorous compound is localized contains a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer has a thiophene skeleton in the principal chain, and preferably contains polyethylene dioxythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The curable composition comprises silicon atoms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The curable composition comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyurethane, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylfluoride, and/or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vitrifying substance comprises multifunctional monomers and polymerization initiators. The multifunctional monomers comprise at least one acryamide, vinyl alcohol, polyethyleneglycol 400 diacrylate or acrylic acid monomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The electron donating aromatic substituent has an N,N-disubstituted aniline as a partial structure. The photoelectric conversion layer further contains a blend film having (I) and a negative-type organic semiconductor material. The negative-type organic semiconductor material is fullerene derivatives (preferably), phthalocyanines, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives, and/or perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives. The photoelectric conversion layer is formed by a solution application process employing a solvent having a b.pt. of 135-300 degrees C. The photoelectric conversion layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion element further comprises a buffer layer having a conductive polymer, and located between one of the two electrode layers and the photoelectric conversion layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 28 Compound (I) are disclosed, e.g. formulae (Ia)-(Ie).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The solar power center uses USB 2.0 female receptacle for charging the iPod (RTM: Portable music player manufactured by Apple).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer film can be made of oligohydroguinone, oligo-alpha-naphthol, oligo-beta-naphthol or aligo-arnino-phenylen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-metallic material is a plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-catalyst is porphyrin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular compound is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine or polyalginic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The glazing material comprises a fluoropolymer composition. The fluoropolymer is homopolymer or copolymers with ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoromethyl (or propyl) vinylether, or chlorotrifluoroethylene. It is a polyvinylidene fluoride-based composition or blend.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The composite body is a membrane-electrode assembly containing at least one membrane and at least one electrode (preferably gas diffusion electrode).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution or dispersion comprises 1-50 wt.% of the polyaromatic compounds, 48-97 wt.% of water and at least 2 wt.% of the organic solvent. In the solution or dispersion, one polyaromatic compound carrying acid group is present. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is cyclic amides, non-cyclic amides, sulfur-containing solvents, alcohols, dialcohols and/or trialcohols. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The casting compound is a radiation transparent elastic polymer such as polyurethane, aliphatic polyisocyanate, native polyurea systems, cast-silicone, native epoxide or plastisol. The carrier is made from plastic such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate and polypropylene, biopolymers such as polylactic acid and polylactic acid-copolymers, or duroplastics such as pheol-, polyester- or epoxy resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The carrier comprises a ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first substance comprises at least one compound selected from sodium borohydride (NaBH4), potassium borohydride (KBH4), lithium borohydride (LiBH4), ammonium borohydride (NH4BH4), beryllium borohydride (Be(BH4)2), calcium borohydride (Ca(BH4)2), magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2), zinc borohydride (Zn(BH4)2), aluminum borohydride (Al(BH4)3), polyborohydrides, trimethylamine borane ((CH3)3NBH3), or sodium cyano borohydride (NaCNBH3). The transition metal is selected from at least one of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), gold (Au), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe). The carrier comprises carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: Metallic nickel exists as microparticles having an average particle diameter of 1-20 nm. The porous catalyst component has a BET specific surface area of 10-100 m2/g. Preferred Process: The baked hydrotalcite molded product is reduced at 700-1000 degrees C. Preferred Components: The porous catalyst component supports active-metal species chosen from gold, silver, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, rhenium, copper, manganese, chromium, vanadium and titanium, having an average particle diameter of 50 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Properties: The carbon-fiber paper includes fibrous carbon (20 mass% or more) and non-fibrous carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic-type filler with average particle diameter of 1 nm-5 mu m is inorganic-type pigment. The content of inorganic-type filler is 0.01-10 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphite compound is tris isodecyl phosphite. The sealing film further contains cross-linked adjuvant which is triaryl isocyanurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The content of vinyl acetate in ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is 20-30 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. The content of cross-linked adjuvant is 0.1-5 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. The content of phosphite compound is 0.01-5 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. Preferred Definitions:    R1=8-14C aliphatic alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method comprises stirring mixture of nitrate saturated solution and nano SiO2 suspension for 5-20 hours. The precursor calcining step is carried out for 10 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic monomer and crosslinking agent are present at 24-10:1 mass ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent contains vinylene carbonate, toluene, biphenyl, butylene sulfite, or LiBOB.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The additives include film forming additive polyethylene sulfone. The solvent contains carbonic allyl ester polycarbonate. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises (mass%): LiBOB (2.5-3.5), polystyrene (PS) (1.5-2.5), BS (3.5-4.5), EC (22-23), PC (8.8-9.8), EMC (45.25-46.25), LiPF6 (11.95-12.95) and VC (0.5-1.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material comprises (wt.%) LiFePO4 (70-90), carbon black (5-20), adhesive (5-10) and conducting agent (5-15). The conducting agent is Supper-P(RTM: conductive carbon blacks) or KS-6(RTM: graphite). The cathode material (wt.%): graphite (85-96), carbon black (0-2) and adhesive (4-13).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises (wt.%): LiBOB (3), PS (2), BS (4), EC (22.49), PC (9.31), EMC (45.75), LiPF6 (12.45) and VC (1). The adhesive is acrylate copolymer latex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The curable resin composition is UV curable resin composition which consists of acrylate compound, epoxy resin, and/or oxetane compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat exchanger also has a frame with a top surface made of 2 millimeter thick clear plastic sheet e.g. polycarbonate sheet. Water storage tank can be molded from black plastic materials e.g. polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second layer comprises copper or indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The transparent or translucent conductive material comprises a metal oxide. The photovoltaic cell is characterized as a thin film photovoltaic structure. The semiconductor material is disposed over a self supporting metal based foil. The substrate includes a layer comprising silicon. The first layer is in direct contact or not in direct contact with the first substrate surface. The first and second layers are in direct contact or not in direct contact. The first layer is a printed structure. The first layer comprises a material having the ability to assist in the formation of the second layer. The first layer comprises: an electrically conductive filler in a polymeric matrix; and a material capable of initiating chemical metal deposition. The second layer comprises electrodeposited metal. In (I), where a portion of the first substrate surface is adhesively bonded to the top surface. The pattern further comprises a buss joining two or more of the multiple traces, and where a monolithic material forms portions of both the buss and the two or more traces. The monolithic material comprises an electrodeposit. The photovoltaic cell has terminal edges defined by the boundaries of the semiconductor material and a portion of the buss is positioned outside a terminal edge of the cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The metal layer is formed using gold or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal-organic framework includes a zinc oxide cluster, and the metal oxide is made of porous alumina or porous titania, and the porous ceramic is made of diboron trioxide or zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The O-shaped ring and rubber gasket of base are made of ethylene propylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compositional formula of titanium oxycarbonitride is TiCxNyOz, where x is 0-1.0 excluding 0, y is 0-1.0, excluding 0, z is 0.1 to less than 2.0, x+y+z is 1-2.0 excluding 1 and 4x+3y+2z is 2 or more. The inert gas contains oxygen gas (0.1-10 volume%) and hydrogen gas (0.2-10 volume%). Preferred Condition: The titanium carbonitride is heat processed at 400-1400 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Titanium carbonitride was obtained by mixing titanium carbide, titanium oxide and titanium nitride. The obtained titanium carbonitride was heated at 1000 degrees C for 3 hours under inert gas containing oxygen gas and hydrogen gas, to obtain catalyst (titanium oxycarbonitride).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The vapor deposition layer includes vapor-depositor aluminum oxide or silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The protection sheet further includes an overcoat layer (O) laminated on the vapor deposition layer of gas barrier base material. The overcoat layer contains water-soluble polymer (B1) and component (B2) containing silane monomer or its hydrolyzate, metal alkoxide or its hydrolyzate, and/or silane coupling agent or its hydrolyzate. The silane monomer is of formula: R-Si(OR')3. The metal alkoxide is of formula: M(OR')n.R=functional group chosen from alkyl, (meth)acryloyl, vinyl, amino, epoxy and isocyanate;R'=alkyl;M=metal ion;andn=valence of ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The antistatic resin contains conductor. The polyester-type resin layer contains polyethylene naphthalate, and has thickness of 6-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The suspended carrier is hollow container with circular cross section and having fiberglass reinforced plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The electrolyte layer further contains ionic liquid. The resin is cellulose derivative. The electrode base material and counter electrode are flexible films.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The connection portion is made of electroconductive oxide consisting of any one of indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide and zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The first and/or second flanges comprise aluminum. The first flange has a first polarity; and the second flange has a second polarity opposite that of the first polarity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The 1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione derivative is selected from 5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione, 5,5-diphenyl-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione, 5-naphthyl-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione, 5-naphthyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione, 5-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione, 5-(3-fluorophenyl-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione, 5-(7-fluoronaphthyl)-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione or 5-(4-fluorophenyl-8-fluoronaphthyl)-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-dione. The organic solvent is high permittivity solvent or low-boiling solvent, where the high permittivity solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate or gamma -butyrolactone. The low-boiling solvent is selected from dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane or fatty acid ester derivative. POLYMERS- Preferred Component: The high permittivity solvent is polypropylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The film layer contains silica sol. The vapor deposition layer contains silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and/or tin oxide. The laminated component comprises primer layer provided between base film and vapor deposition layer. the primer layer comprises silane coupling agent or its hydrolyzate, polyol and/or isocyanate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive macromolecule solution is selected from group consisting of polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyarylene, poly thiophene, polyphenylene, polyphenylenesulfide, polyphenylene vinylene and polyfuran. The hydrophobic polymer solution is selected from a group consisting of PTFE, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer, polyhexa fluoro propylene, polychlorotrifluoror ethylene and poly fluorine vinylidene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition material of fluorescent substance is europium doped lanthanum oxysulphide (La2O2S:Eu), europium doped barium-strontium silicate ((Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu) or europium doped strontium chloroapatite (Sr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive film contains ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The up-conversion material signal reinforcing layer comprises rare-earth ion-doped fluoride, rare-earth ion-doped sulfur compound, rare-earth ion-doped halogen compound or rare-earth ion-doped oxide. The electrolyte is selected from a group comprising liquid electrolyte, gel electrolyte or solid electrolyte containing iodine and lithium iodide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nitride substrate and nitride based nano posts includes aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, indium nitride, and compounds such as aluminum gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride and aluminum indium gallium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrolyte: The solid electrolyte contains lithium-aluminum-germanium-phosphorus oxide, lithium-aluminum-titanium-phosphorus oxide, lithium-lanthanum-titanium-phosphorus oxide or aluminum-containing ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Particles: The polymer particles contain polystyrene or polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is lithium ion conductive or lithium ion reactive. The electrode(s) is lithiated electrode. The electrolyte is lithium-based. The electrode is lithiated metal oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, spinel or composite of at least two cobalt, manganese or nickel, or lithiated metal phosphate or lithium iron phosphate. The electrolyte is a solid state electrolyte including lithium iodide, lithium phosphorus oxynitride, solid polymer separator having lithium ion transport capacity, solid polymer separator having lithium salt in it, lithium and halide composite material, lithium aluminum tetrahalide, or lithium aluminum tetrafluoride. The electrode includes lithium metal, graphite, metal oxides, or carbon based form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte is lithium ion conductive. The first electrode is a lithiated electrode and the electrolyte is lithium-based. The first electrode includes at least one lithiated metal oxide, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO2 or LiMn2O4), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO), a spinel or a composite of cobalt, manganese and/or nickel, or a lithiated metal phosphate, or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). The electrolyte is a solid state electrolyte including at least one of lithium iodide (LiI), lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), a solid polymer separator having Li(+) transport capacity, a solid polymer separator having a lithium salt, a lithium and halide composite material, a lithium aluminum tetrahalide, and a lithium aluminum tetrafluoride (LiAlF4). The second electrode includes a lithium metal form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The exothermic material that reacts with water in the container is selected from one of calcium oxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal material used in container for producing hydrogen is selected from one of aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium and their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The optical device comprises a substrate comprising cadmium telluride, cadmium indium gallium selenide, copper indium sulfide, amorphous silicon, monocrystalline silicon, multicrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon/polysilicon micromorph, cadmium selenide, aluminum antimonide, indium phosphide, aluminum arsenide, gallium phosphide, and/or gallium antimonide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The solar concentrator may comprise a diffusing plate comprising mechanically or chemically roughened plastics, surface-patterned plastics or holographically patterned plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The undulated formed thermoplastic polyolefin substrate comprises a mineral filler consisting of talc and magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flat photovoltaic laminate comprises modified polypropylene and modified ethylene vinyl acetate thermoplastic adhesive. The photovoltaic laminate comprises a transparent layer made of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, and a tie layer comprising a thermoplastic hot melt. The encapsulation layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode comprises zinc, and the cathode comprises manganese dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acid: The acid used for chemical polishing is mixed aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Preferred Layer: The coating layer of metal or alloy is tin layer (S4) or tin alloy layer of 0.03-0.1 mu m thickness and is formed by using an electroless tin plating liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The conductive polymer is polyaniline-based conductive polymer solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The semiconductor nanoparticles having size of 1-20 nm are formed. The silicon-nitrogen-carbon oxide thin film is formed in atmosphere containing hydrogen or hydrogen and inert gas. The silicon-nitrogen-carbon oxide thin film is subjected to in-situ doping with dopant source gas or physical sputtering source. Preferred Properties: The silicon-nitrogen-carbon oxide thin film has refractive index at wavelength of 632 nm of 1.9-3.5 and peak optical emission, transmission and absorption characteristics of 200-1600 nm. Preferred Component: The oxygen source gas is nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, oxygen or ozone. The nitrogen source gas is nitrogen or ammonia. The germanium source gas is germanium-hydrogen (GenH2n+2 or GeHxR4-x), where n is 1-4, R is chlorine, bromine or iodine and x is 0-3. The silicon source gas is silane, disilane, tetra ethoxy orthosilicate or silicon-hydrogen (SinH2n+2 or SiHxR4-x). The silicon source gas further contains inert gas such as helium, argon or krypton.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The carbon source gas is alkane (CnH2n+2), alkene (CnH2n), alkyne (CnH2n-2), benzene or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains plastic, glass, quartz, silicon, silica carbide, gallium nitride, germanium or silicon-germanium (Si1-xGex).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic active-layer material is a combination of a p-type semiconductor material and an n-type semiconductor material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The p-type semiconductor material is selected from conjugated oligomers and small molecules; and the n-type semiconductor material is selected from C60; C60 derivatives; C70; C70 derivatives; carbon nanotubes; carbon-nanotube derivatives; 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI); N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (Me-PTCDI); PTCBI derivatives; and Me-PTCDI derivatives. The C60 derivatives are phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The first organic solvent is 1,2-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, chlorobenzene, toluene or xylenes. The second organic solvent is 1-chloronaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene or 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The second organic solvent has a volume percentage of 2-50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The p-type semiconductor material is selected from polythiophene, polyfluorene, polyphenylenevinylene, derivatives of polythiophene, derivatives of polyfluorene, and derivatives of polyphenylenevinylene. The n-type semiconductor material is selected from polymers and semiconductor nanoparticles. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor material comprises quantum dots having size of 10 nm or less, and dispersed in pores. The electrode (I) and electrode (II) are a metal grid or a transparent conducting oxide of tin oxide, zinc oxide or indium oxide. The pores of porous silica are filled with an electrolyte. Preferred Properties: The quantum dots have size of 1-7 nm, preferably 2-5 nm. The semiconductor material containing indium arsenide, indium antimonide, gallium antimonide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, germanium or gallium-indium arsenide, has band gap smaller than the band gap of silicon. The semiconductor material containing cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, zinc sulfide, gallium nitride, indium nitride, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide or indium phosphide, has band gap larger than band gap of silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains glass, ceramic, plastic, metal or semiconductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The aromatic ring having t-butyl group is of formula (1). The polyelectrolyte material is aromatic polyether ketone type polymer containing benzophenone structural unit of formula (2), sulfur-containing aromatic structural unit of formula (3) and phenoxy structural unit of formula (4).R1-R3=H, 1-20C alkyl, halo or 1-20C alkyl halide;X,Y',Z=molar quantity of formula (2-4);X+Y'=more than 0 to less than Z;X+Y'+Z=1;a3+a4=1-8;andM3-M4=H, metal cation, or ammonium cation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electric power generation layer is comprised by p-type silicon and n-type silicon which are laminated. The electric power generation layer surface is formed with transparent electrode layer comprised with transparent conductive organic compound or transparent conductive inorganic compound. The transparent conductive inorganic compound is indium tin oxide, tin dioxide or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive organic compound is polyacetylene or polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fixing structure is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass is ITO glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The toluene is used in an amount of 15-45 ml. The lead acetate powder is used in an amount of 80-120 mg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The MDMO-PPV is used in an amount of 5-15 mg. The concentration of MDMO-PPV chlorobenzene is 6-12 mg/ml. The weight ratio of PbS to MDMO-PPV is 2:1. Preferred Conditions: The magnetic blending speed is 200 rpm. The violent magnetic blending speed is 600 rpm. The annealing temperature is 100-130 degrees C. The annealing time is 10-30 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminum alloy is chosen from aluminum-silicon type alloy, aluminum-magnesium type alloy, aluminum-magnesium-silicon type alloy and aluminum-lithium type alloy. Preferred Properties: The microparticles have particle size of 5 microns or less and specific surface area of 200 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid contains silane polymer and a dopant, or is dispersed with silicon fine particles doped with impurity. The silane polymer is hydrogenated polysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The isocyanate-containing polymer is aliphatic-type isocyanate-containing polymer and/or alicyclic-type isocyanate-containing polymer. The ethylene-type copolymer resin is ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, co-polymerized polymer which has ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer basic structure, and/or ethylene-(meth)acrylic-acid copolymer resin. Preferred Properties: The thickness of adhesive layer is 0.1-1 mu m. The thickness of heat-bondable resin layer is 0.2-2 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrogen-containing compound is nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having amino group as functional group such as melamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The nitrogen-containing compound is a polymer. The polymer is a molded component processed into defined shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The gas-diffusion layer is formed with a total thickness of 30-400 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid contains PTFE (1-30% of the mass of carbon fibers). The mass ratio of carbon fibers and polymer in the coating liquid is 1:0.1-1:1. Preferred Polymer: The proton-conductive polymer is a copolymer containing a polymer unit based on tetrafluoroethylene, and a polymer unit based on perfluorovinylether having a sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode material comprises lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide and lithium tin oxide or lithium ferrous phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises electrochemically polymerized (zinc(4-vinyl-4'methyl-2,2'-bipyridine)3) bis(hexafluorophosphate). The acrylate is methacrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, methylacrylamide, vinyl acetate, tetramethylammonium 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, lithium 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, and/or glycidal methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The negative current collector and the positive current collector are made of material selected from copper mesh, porous aluminum foil, aluminum mesh, porous copper foil, foam nickel, porous nickel foil and nickel mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is one or several of the silicon substrate, a glass and a flexible substrate; the electrode layer is one or several of a cathode layer, an anode layer, a gate layer, a source layer and a drain layer; and the organic functional layer comprises one or several of a buffer layer, an electronic implantation layer, an electronic transmission layer, a cavity implantation layer, a cavity transmission layer, a cavity blocking layer and an exciton blocking layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the organic photoelectric device based on dipole organic material above, R1, R2, R3 and R4 in the structure is selected from dipole organic compounds of Formula (2-22).R5=CnH2n+1; andR6,R7,R8=any of organo-cyclic compounds of Formula (2-17).The organic photoelectric device is an organic electrofluorescence device, an organic field effect tube or an organic photovoltaic device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive agent is acetylene black, carbon nanotube, carbon black or crystalline flake graphite. The positive active material is ternary material of lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese dioxide complex (LiNixCoyMnzO2). The current collector is aluminum foil with 0.010-0.025 mm thick. The alkaline solution is ammonia water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) or lithium hydroxide (LiOH).x=0.5-1;y=0-0.2;z=0-0.3; orx+y+z=1.Preferred Composition: The alkaline solution is present at 0.1-3 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is 1-methyl-ketopyrrolidine or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive is polyvinylidene fluoride. Preferred Composition: The adhesive is present at 6-10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar panel is amorphous silicon solar panel, monocrystal silicon solar panel, polycrystal silicon solar panel, thin film solar panel or solar panel made by processing silicon wafer and semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thin film solar panel is formed from monocrystal silicon, copper indium selenide, gallium arsenide, pigment sensitizing dye and organic conductive high molecules.
Preferred Definitions:    A=O, S Se or N-R28;    R0 = groups of formulae (2)-(4);    R1, R2 = groups of formulae (5)-(6);    R4-R27 = H, OH, alkane, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl or halo;    R28 = H, alkane, cycloalkyl or aralkyl;and    n = 1-10.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Organic dyes containing thienylenevinylene are specifically claimed, i.e. bis-n-(2-ethylbutoxy)triphenylamine thienylenevinylene-1-cyanoethanoic acid of formula (I') and bis-n-(2-ethylbutoxy)triphenylamine-4-cyclopentane thienylenevinylene-4-cyclopentene thienylenevinylene-2-cyanoethanoic acid of formula (II').
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The air or argon gas is injected in the insulation layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The unvulcanized rubber is made using halogenated isoolefin or para-alkylstyrene copolymer and ethylene propylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lens has a convex face covered by a protective layer comprising a continuous transparent plastic sheet made of Polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The thermoplastic resin deflection temperature under load is measured according to JISK7191-2 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The transparent thermal conductive adhesive film is formed by laminating adhesive films, carrying out slicing of the obtained laminate along perpendicular or parallel direction with respect to the lamination surface. The adhesive film is molded from the kneaded material of resin and thermal conductive microparticles or thermal conductive fiber dispersed in the resin. The microparticles or fiber is anisotropic white or transparent microparticles of plate shape or rod shape or fiber of fibrous form and is orientated along perpendicular or parallel direction with respect to surface of the adhesive film. The microparticles or fiber has thermal conductivity along orientation direction. Preferably, layer (A) with high filling content of the transparent fiber or microparticles and layer (B) with low filling content of the transparent fiber or microparticles are alternately laminated and sliced along direction perpendicular to the lamination surface. Alternately, layer (A) and layer (B) are alternately laminated. Layer (A) is exposed to light emitting surface side and adhered. The thermal conductive fiber is the fiber coated with material of high thermal conductivity. The microparticles or fibers are adhered or immersed in the resin surface. The refractive index of the microparticles or fiber in visible light region is 1.8 or more. More than 2/3 portion of microparticles or fibers in layer inclines towards center.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The top and bottom encapsulating layers are made of ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide consists of zinc oxides, titanium oxides, indium tin oxides and tin oxides. The metal of the first material consists of iron, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, palladium, platinum, titanium and its alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components - The electrically conductive polymer consists of polythiophenes, polyanilines, polycarbazoles, polyvinylcarbazoles, polyphenylenes, polyphenylvinylenes, polysilanes, polythienylenevinylenes, polyisothianaphthanenes and their copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: The bifunctional ligand including an electron conductor bonding moiety (preferably phosphonic acid moiety) and a first quantum dot anchor (preferably comprising amine moiety); and a hole conductor comprises a second quantum dot anchor; where the first quantum dot anchor and the second quantum dot anchor independently comprise a phosphonic acid moiety.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole conductor layer comprises a conductive polymer having a thiophene based repeating unit of formula (IV) or (V).m and p=6-12. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 compounds i.e. 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Iaa), propane-1,1-diphosphonic acid are specified as (Ia), 1 compound i.e. benzene-1,4-diphosphonic acid is specified as (Ib) and 1 compound i.e. 3-amino phenyl phosphonic acid is specified as (Ic).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor layer is made of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The phase change material can be hexahydrate magnesium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The phase change material can be Polywax 2000(RTM: polyethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide nanoparticle layer comprises titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and strontium titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide nano-particle layers of the photo-electrode and the counter electrode include a material selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide, and strontium titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic solvent is toluene. The supporting electrolyte is ionic liquid which is triethyl dodecyl phosphonium bis(trifluoro sulfonimide). The monomer having electrolytic polymerization property is ethylene dioxythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode/separator joined component has electrolytic solution containing cation polymerization catalyst. The cation polymerization is onium salt or electrolytic salt. The electrolytic salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium hexafluoroborate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The lithium-ion-conduction property powder has average particle diameter of 10 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The glass oxide powder contains (in mol%) lithium oxide (10-25), alumina and/or gallium oxide (0.5-15), titania and/or germanium oxide (25-50), silica (0-15) and/or phosphorus oxide (26-40), and has compositional formula: Li1+x+yMx(Ge1-yTiy)2-xSizP3-zO12.M=aluminum or gallium;x=0-0.8;y=0-1;andz=0-0.6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The solvent is chosen from water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, acetic acid, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and/or acetone. Preferred Property: The solvent has dielectric constant of 10 or more at 25 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic binder is chosen from acrylic resin, methacryl resin, urethane resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, cellulose derivative, polyamide resin, polyethylene resin, polystyrene resin, polypropylene resin and/or their copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The electrode base material and counter electrode are flexible films.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer contains an ionic liquid. The coating liquid for forming electrolyte layer contains an oxidation reduction pair, cellulose derivative, a volatile organic solvent and an ionic liquid having solubility with respect to volatile organic solvent. Preferred Compound: The cellulose derivative is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The electrolyte layer further contains ionic liquid. The oxidation reduction pair is an oxidation reduction pair of iodine. The electrode base material and counter electrode are flexible films.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electric insulation frame is formed of resin, rubber, glass or ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solidification agent contains a metal alkoxide, a-cyanoacrylate, metal polyacrylate, hydrogenated castor oil, and 12-hydroxystearic acid (preferably liquid paraffin).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyethylene porous membrane has thickness of 0.3-1 mm, average hole diameter of 10-35 mu m and porosity of 20-40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filler consists of ethylene acetic acid vinyl copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cathode material comprises (wt.%) cathode active material (80-96), conducting agent (1-5), and adhesive (2-6). The cathode active material comprises mesocarbon microbeads, artificial graphite, and mesophase pitch coated natural graphite. The conducting agent is SiO2, and/or nano Al2O3. Preferred Property: The grain size of the anode active material is 4-18 mu m. The grain size of the cathode active material is 9-25 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A cathode solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone or high-purity deionized water. The electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, carbonic allyl ester, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or methyl ethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene butadiene rubber, acrylic acid, PVDF, or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The proton exchange film in the module is a fluorine proton exchange film or a carbon-hydrogen proton exchange film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The runner plate is made from a macro-molecular material that is selected from one of polyether ether ketone, polyether ketone ketone, polysulfone, macro-molecular plasticized substrate or compound material engineering plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic alkoxy compound is ethyl orthosilicate, methyl orthosilicate or butyl titanate. The polymer substrate is polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol or their monosubstituted derivatives. The monosubstituted derivatives of polyethylene glycol are polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether or polyethylene glycol. The functional group capable of linking with inorganic sol particles is methoxyl group or oxyethyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The metal material contains aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium and/or its alloy as main constituent. The hydrogen-producing material further includes exothermic material such as oxide of alkaline-earth metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal-oxide microparticles contain silica, titania, tin oxide, tungstic oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, barium titanate, niobium oxide, indium oxide, zirconia, tantalum oxide, lanthanum oxide, strontium titanate, yttria, holmium oxide, bismuth oxide, ceria, and/or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is a cellulose derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The connecting elements are made of electrically insulating material i.e. plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The casting compound is made of epoxy resin, polyurethane and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper part is made of polymethyl methacrylate, and the lower part is made of polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The high work function metal is indium-tin oxide. The low work function metal is calcium, magnesium, or preferably aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-conjugated polymer is styrene-butadiene-rubber copolymer, poly- beta -pinene, cis-polyisoprene, polynorbornene, or polyalloocimene. The electron acceptor is fullerene or functionalized fullerene present at 2-15 wt.% based on weight of polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder further: comprises an element comprising crosslinking agent, coupler and UV stabilizer; and has a melt flow index of 1-400 g/10 minutes (190 degrees C, 2.16 kg). Preferred Process: The applying film is carried out by pressing hot vacuum or lamination.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of ((B)/(A)+(B)) is 0.15-0.4. The functional monomer is grafted and copolymerized, and present at 0.05-10 mass%. The functional monomer comprises maleic anhydride. The polyolefin is ethylene/(meth)acrylate copolymer of alkyl/maleic anhydride, or ethylene/vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride copolymer. The copolymer is ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. The quantity of copolymer is 25-45 mass%. The polymer support is polymethyl methacrylate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The olefin polymer contains polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, PVC, ethylene propylene rubber and polythene pentadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol or ethylene glycol. Preferred Composition: The lithium iron phosphate powder is of formula: LiFe1-xMxPO4/C, where M is manganese, cobalt, nickel or chromium, x is more than 0 to less than 0.2. The content of carbon is 0-4 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A part of the fixing device with a recess of a spring is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic species are lithium, sodium or potassium organic salts, hydrates, ionic liquids or ionic species based on protons or hydroxides and related hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lens is formed from a transparent plastics material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper transparent layer is made of fluorinated ethylene propylene resin. The lower and upper adhesive layers are made of ethylene-vinyl-acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover plate is made of polyacetal impregnated with Teflon and silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The battery has capacity of 10-1000 mAh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The active material (I) is chosen from lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium-cobalt-nickel oxide (LiCoxNi(1-x)O2, where x is 0.05-0.8) and lithium-aluminum-cobalt-nickel oxide (LiAlxCoyNi1-x-yO2, where x is 0.05-0.3 and y is 0.1-0.3). The current collector of negative electrode comprises material chosen from copper, nickel, aluminum and titanium. The active material (II) comprises lithium-titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12). The active material (III) comprises lithium and comprises V6O13.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A reflective material i.e. aluminum, is laminated on the support material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing contains UV-resistant plastic material as support material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The columnar structure comprises wide band gap semiconductor (preferably titanium dioxide). The columnar structure comprises a transparent conducting oxide (preferably indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, fluorine tin oxide, tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium oxide and cadmium oxide), organic semiconductor (preferably acenes, fullerenes, thiophenes, anilines, perylenes, imidazoles and quinolines, coronenes, chrysenes, fluorenes, polyfluorenes, and/or polyaromatic or hydrocarbons or their derivatives) or metal-organic semiconductor (preferably phthalocyanines). The electron donor layer and electron acceptor layer comprise materials comprising cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium telluride (CdTe), zinc oxide, and polyelectrolytes, polystyrene sulfonate, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), sodium poly(2-(3-thienyl)ethoxy-4-butyl sulfonate), poly(3-(potassium-5-pentanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl, poly(3-(potassium-6-hexanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl) or their derivatives, electron-donating polymer and poly-3-hexylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The first layer of the composition A comprises 100 mass% of at least one fluoropolymer. The third layer of the composition C comprises 100 mass% of the fluoropolymer. The film has a volume or dimensional shrinkage of less than 1% at 150 degrees C. The multilayer film of A/B/C structure comprises: first layer of composition A comprising 100 mass% of homopolymer or copolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF); second layer of composition B comprising 30-75 parts/weight of homopolymer or copolymer of VDF, 5-45 parts/weight of homopolymer or copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 10-30 parts/weight of at least one mineral filler; and third layer of composition C comprising 100% of homopolymer or copolymer of VDF. The thickness of each layer of the composition A and C is 1-30 mu m, preferably 5-15 mu m. The thickness of the layer of the composition B is 4-45 mu m, preferably 10-25 mu m. Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer of first, second and third layers is homopolymer or copolymer of VDF. The fluoropolymer of first and/or third layers is homopolymer of VDF. The fluoropolymer of the second layer comprises at least 15%, preferably at most 10% of comonomer. The fluoropolymer of the second layer has a melting point of greater than 140 degrees C measured by DSC. The filled polymer of the second layer comprises at least one filler comprising titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, silica, quartz, alumina, talc, and mica. The filler in the composition B is present at 0.1-30 mass%, preferably 15-25 mass%. The size of the filler is 0.05 mu m to 1mm. The fluoropolymer of the second layer is copolymer of VDF.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder has a melt flow index of 1-400 g/100 minutes (190 degrees C, 2.16 kg). Preferred Components: The mass ratio of (B)/(A)+(B) is 0.05-0.5. The polyolefin is ethylene. The functional monomer contained in the polyolefin chain is copolymerized. The quantity of the functional monomer in the polyolefin is 0.05-10 mass%. The functional monomer of the polyolefin is maleic anhydride. The polyolefin containing the functional monomer is: ethylene copolymer/alkyl(meth)acrylate/maleic anhydride; ethylene copolymer/vinyl acetate/maleic anhydride; unsaturated epoxide, preferably glycidyl methacrylate. The polyolefin is ethylene copolymer and glycidyl methacrylate or ethylene copolymer, alkyl (meth)acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. The carboxylic acid vinyl ethylene-ester copolymer is ethylene copolymer/vinyl acetate. The content of the carboxylic acid vinyl ethylene-ester copolymer is 25-45 mass%. EXAMPLE - Typical binder comprised (mass%) of: Evatane 28-150 (RTM: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer produced by Arkema, where the content of the vinyl acetate is 28 mass% and has melt flow index (MFI) of 150 g/10 minutes) (0.7); and Orevac terpolymer 9305 (RTM: Maleic anhydride ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer produced by Arkema, where the content of the vinyl acetate is 28 mass%, the maleic anhydride is 0.8 mass%, and has MFI of 180 g/10 minutes) (0.3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ferritic stainless steel further contains copper (1.5 or less), niobium (0.05-0.8), titanium (0.03-0.5), yttrium (0.001-0.1) and/or rare earth elements (0.001-0.1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal of corrosion-resistant conductive material layer is chosen from gold, platinum, palladium and their alloy. The metal of layer provided on the surface of electrode in metal base material is chosen from stainless steel, titanium and its alloy. The metal of layer provided on opposite surface to electrode in metal base material is chosen from nickel, copper and their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The conductive layer comprises mixture of carbon and thermo setting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The functional material is a conductive polymer (13).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The poor solvent is protic solvent, preferably water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyelectrolyte containing metal impurity and a poor solvent are mixed. Preferred Properties: The polyelectrolyte solution has moisture content of 30 wt.% or less. The content of sulfuric acid in the polyelectrolyte solution is 70 wt.% or more. Preferred Compound: The polyelectrolyte has acidic group as an ion exchange group. The acidic group is phosphonic acid group, sulfonic acid group or carboxylic acid group, preferably phosphonic acid group or sulfonic acid group. The polyelectrolyte is aromatic polyelectrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber is 2,2-methylene-bis(4-trioctyl-6-benzotriazolyl)phenol and/or 2,2-methylene-bis(4-cumyl-phenyl-6-benzotriazolyl)phenol. Preferred Properties: The benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber has molecular weight of 500-1000. The solar cell back surface protective film has weather resistance ( delta Y1) of 0-30 after ultraviolet irradiation for 15 days in indigo super tester with ultraviolet illuminance of 100 mW/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal foil is corroded using sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal foil is made of aluminum film.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Organic dyes containing thienylenevinylene are specifically claimed, i.e. bis-n-(2-ethylbutoxy)triphenylamine-3-selenophen-2-cyanoethanoic acid of formula (I') and bis-n-(2-ethylbutoxy)triphenylamine-4-ethyl-3,4-ethyldithiothiophene-cyanoethanoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sheet is made of metal material such as thin paper type aluminum foil, copper wire and copper foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrated metal oxide nano-particles is formed by dissolving metal hydroxide in weak acid or regulating portion of acid hydrolytic metal salt and the particles are stably dispersed in water, to form colloid solution before phenolic aldehyde condensation reaction. Preferred Component: The metal element in hydrated metal oxide nano-particles template is iron, cobalt, copper or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phenol is phenyl hydroxide, pyrocatechol, hydroxyphenol, hydroquinone, 1,2,4-benzenetriol or phloroglucin. The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The preparation temperature of nickel oxyhydroxide (a) and manganese (b) is 45 degrees C. The pH of reaction liquid of nickel oxyhydroxide (a) and manganese (b) is controlled to 12 or more, using sodium hydroxide solution. The mass concentration of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is 35-45%. The content of sodium-bismuth oxide is 0.2-4 wt.% with respect to nickel oxyhydroxide in the nickel oxyhydroxide (a). The content of titanium oxysulfate is 1-5 wt.% with respect to manganese dioxide in the manganese (b). Preferred Compound: The electrolyte is aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide dissolved with zinc oxide having mass fraction of 2-6%. Preferred Composition: The nickel oxyhydroxide (a) contains nickel oxyhydroxide, sodium-bismuth oxide and cobalt oxyhydroxide. The manganese (b) contains manganese dioxide and titanium oxysulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The zinc paste contains zinc alloy powder, sodium polyacrylate and electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The aperture of the porous substrate is more than 25 microns. The aperture of the gas diffusion sub-layer is less than 10 microns. The particle diameter of the nano-carbon is 20-70 mm. The gas diffusion sub-layer is made from nano-carbon having thickness of 5-10 microns. The length difference and width difference of the gas diffusion layer along the proton exchange membrane and the direction vertical to the proton exchange membrane are 2-4 mm, respectively. The total thickness of the polyester piece and the macromolecule glue is 100-250 microns. Preferred Components: The pre-processed layer is made from conductive carbon material having thickness of 5-25 microns. The conductive carbon material is carbon powder, graphite, fullerene, carbon black, acetylene black and activated carbon. The conductive carbon material is mini-crystal graphite. The nano-carbon is carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber and carbon nanoparticle. The porous substrate is comprised of carbon paper, carbon cloth or nickel foam. The binder is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinyl butyral. The alcohol having low molecular weight is ethanol, glycol, diethylene glycol and/or propanetriol. The macromolecule glue is polyimide. The polyester is chosen from polycarbonate, polyacrylate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of conductive carbon material and binder is 1.5-4:1. The mass ratio of nano-carbon and binder is 1-2.5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Property: The reformed-gas flow-hole of the partition plate (a) and reformed-gas flow-hole of the partition plate (b) are provided in circumferential direction of 180 plus minus 10 degrees C at opposite side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The carbon monoxide adsorption agent has support chosen from silica, alumina, activated carbon, graphite and polystyrene-type resin, supported with copper halide (I) and/or copper halide (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The ceramic material is selected from the group consisting of high-tensile oxide ceramic, zircon oxide, alumina or silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A normal diaphragm is one or a composite structure of a polyethylene (PE) diaphragm and a polypropylene (PP) diaphragm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon particles of nano shell structure contains nitrogen and/or boron atom. The carbon catalyst contains transition metal or compound of transition metal. The transition metal is cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium and/or zinc. The compound of transition metal is cobalt chloride, cobalt oxide, cobalt hydroxide, cobalt phthalocyanine, iron chloride, iron oxide and/or iron phthalocyanine. Preferred Properties: The diameter of carbon catalyst is 0.01-1000 mu m. The thickness of graphene layer having carbon particles of nano shell structure is 1-10 nm. The particle size of carbon particles is 5-50 nm. The carbon catalyst is in the shape of nonwoven fabric. Preferred Composition: The total content of nitrogen and/or boron atom is 0.5-20 mass% with respect to total weight of carbon catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon precursor polymer is high molecular compound containing nitrogen and/or boron atom. Preferred Process: The mixture is fiberized by electrospinning process, and the mixture is heated at 100-400 degrees C under oxygen or air atmosphere, after fiberization of mixture. The carbonizing process is carried out at 500-1500 degrees C. The nitrogen and/or boron are introduced into fiber after carbonization process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The substrate contains metal (M) chosen from iron, nickel, chromium, aluminum, molybdenum, gold, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, titanium, platinum, copper and lead, sheet of alloy containing metal (M), and complex sheet containing metal (M). Preferred Materials: The photovoltaic material contains selenium, silicon, titania, ruthenium, gallium, arsenic, nickel, tellurium, cadmium, sulfur, carbon, indium, platinum, aluminum, boron, antimony, beryllium, calcium, chromium, gold, iridium, lithium, magnesium, molybdenum, palladium, phosphorus, potassium, rhodium, copper, silver, sodium, tantalum, zinc, tin, germanium, gallium-arsenic, gallium-nickel, cadmium-tellurium, cadmium-sulfur and cadmium-selenium. The clear material contains oxide of zinc, indium, tin, titanium and cadmium-tin. The conductive material contains aluminum, silver, platinum, gold, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, vanadium, chromium, copper, stainless steel, brass, nichrome, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide and indium-tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrically insulating and thermally conductive layer is made of aluminum nitrite, diamond, alumina, silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon dioxide, semi-insulating silicon or dielectric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is included with regions containing indium gallium arsenide or gallium arsenide layer formed on germanium containing substrate, and indium gallium phosphide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The light guide layers comprise plastic comprising acrylic, polycarbonate, polyester or cycloolefin polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plates are made of thermoplastic plastic such as polycarbonate or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The negative active material is a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which has a spinel structure. The positive electrode includes a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing manganese. The positive electrode includes a lithium-transition metal composite oxide and has an oxide of at least one element of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, boron, titanium or gallium on part of the surface of the composite oxide. The battery assembly is equipped with a protective circuit (26) capable of detecting the voltage of each battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (A3) is tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate. The content of (A3) is 0.1-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous solvent comprises a solvent prepared by mixing two or more solvents of gamma -butyrolactone (preferred), propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (A1) or (A2) is poly(2-vinylpyridine) or poly(4-vinylpyridine). The content of (A1) or (A2) is 0.01-3 wt.%
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The anode of the electrochemical battery is constructed from: lithium metal; or an intercalation compound of lithium in carbon. The cathode in the electrochemical battery is constructed from a lithium metal-oxide-alloy compound of formula (Li(M)O2), or lithium-iron-phosphate.M = an alloy metal, preferably Co, Mn, Fe or Ni.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid-like polymer component and the solid-like lithium salt component together forms at least a chemical compound. The weight portion of the liquid-like lithium salt component is 5-20%. The lithium salt component contains: at least one inorganic anion comprising lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate; and/or an organic anion comprising lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or lithium boron compound of formula (LiC4BO6). The solid-like and the liquid-like lithium salt components are formed form similar type of lithium salt substances.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer of the polymer component is from polyazoles, preferably poly-m-(phenylene)-5,5-bibenzimidazole. The poly-m-(phenylene)-5,5-bibenzimidazole exhibits an inherent viscosity of greater than 0.9 dl/g, measured in 1 wt.% solution of N,N-dimethyl acetamide. EXAMPLE - Poly-m-(phenylene)-5,5-bibenzimidazole (2.5 g) with an inherent viscosity of greater than 0.9 dl/g, measured in 1 wt.% solution of N,N-dimethyl acetamide, and N,N-dimethyl acetamide (47.5 g) were mixed in a round-bottomed flask to obtain a polymer solution. The obtained polymer solution was refluxed at 170 degrees C for 4 hours and stirred. The obtained poly-m-(phenylene)-5,5-bibenzimidazole solution was mixed with lithium bis(oxalato)borate (0.014 g) dissolved in N,N-dimethyl acetamide (10 ml) to obtain the solid polymer electrolyte-active substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The insulating particles have tap density of 1 g/cm3. Preferred Particles: The insulating particles are alumina particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder further contains poly(N-vinylacetamide) (PNVA). The total content of binder is 10 mass parts or less with respect to 100 mass parts of insulating particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic mixture contains surfactant which is silicone-type surfactant. The porous material includes inorganic material. The electrolyte membrane comprises further acidic radical containing structure (B) having covalent bond with silane compound and acid radical. Preferred Components: The acid radical containing structure (B) is structure having silane compound and acid radical containing compound having acidic radical covalent bond. The silane compound and acid radical containing compound have polymerizable unsaturated double bond. The electrolytic membrane has impregnation layer containing electrolyte and porous material, and surface layer containing electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises membrane-electrode assembly as a unit cell, separator of the pair as channel of fuel and oxygen is installed in the outer side of the unit cell, and adjacent multiple unit cells are connected mutually. Preferred Process: The hydrophilization treatment is performed by two-step process. The other hydrophilization treatment is silane-coupling process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The non-aqueous electrolyte battery has non-aqueous electrolyte, positive electrode and negative electrode accommodated in exterior component containing laminate films.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains halo-compound of 0.05-0.6 mass%. The electrolyte further contains carbonate chosen from halogenated carbonate or carbonate containing carbon-carbon multiple bond of 0.1-2 mass%. Preferred Components: The halo-compound is (2E)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene, 1,4-bis(chloromethyl)benzene, 3-chloroprop-1-ene, 3-chloroprop-1-yne, (chloromethyl)benzene and 1,4-dichlorobut-2-yne. The halogenated carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate. The carbonate containing carbon-carbon multiple bond is vinylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous electrolyte battery has high molecular compound which swells with non-aqueous electrolyte. The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The hardness, measured by type-A durometer according to JIS K6253 of the solid electrolyte layer (II) is 99 or less. The thickness of electrolyte layer (II) is less than that of electrolyte (I). Preferred Material: The solid electrolyte (I) contains crystals of oxide compound (Li1+x+zMx(Ge1-yTiy)2-xSizP3-zO12, where x is 0-0.8, y is 0-1, z is 0-0.6, and M is aluminum or gallium). The amount of lithium oxide, aluminum oxide and/or gallium oxide, titanium dioxide and/or germanium oxide, silica and phosphorus pentoxide in the inorganic powder is 10-25 mol%, 0.5-15 mol%, 25-50 mol%, 0-15 mol% and 26-40 mol%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The solid electrolyte layer (II) contains 15% or more of polymer having lithium ion conductivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide comprises titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and/or silicon dioxide, having weight ratio of 2 inorganic oxide grains of 0.1-10:1 and average grain diameter of 100-1000 nm. The positive electrode plate comprises positive active substance comprising lithium cobaltite, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate and/or lithium nickel oxide, binder, conductive agent and current collector. Preferred Parameter: The coating layer has thickness of 5-50 mu m. The inorganic oxide grains and binder weight ratio is 100:0.1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE and/or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface precursor has general formula (I). Ax(OR)yA=Zr, Si, B, Mg, Al, Ca, Sr, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ti, Y or Zn;R=OH, CH2 or C2H5;x=0-3; andy=0-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is 1-4 carbon containing alcohol or water, preferably mixture of alcohol and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is water-based binder, and is selected from acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, acryl rubber, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer layer of battery cell is made of nylon or polyethylene terephthalate. The resin sealant layer of laminated sheet is made of casting polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The gas-liquid separator is filled with metal foam. The metal is nickel, iron, copper or alloy of nickel and copper. The alkali removing device is provided with molecular sieve, absorbent cotton, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, ferric trichloride hexahydrate and allochroic silica gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ink includes polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The first layer comprises a polymer, preferably polyxylylene polymer or parylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The membrane-electrode assembly forms a unit cell, and a pair of separator as a channel of fuel and oxygen is installed in the outer side of the unit cell. The adjacent unit cells are connected mutually in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acidic radical-containing structure (B) is synthesized from compound (a) containing silicon and thiol group and compound (b) containing unsaturated double bond of acidic radical, its metal salt or acidic radical precursor group. Preferred Process: The proton-conductive membrane is subjected to compound reinforcement process using porous material. Preferred Definitions:    R3=(CH2)3-S-(CH2)2, (CH2)3-S(=O)-(CH2)2, (CH2)3-SO2-(CH2)2, (CH2)3-S-(CH2)3, (CH2)3-S(=O)-(CH2)3 or (CH2)3-SO2-(CH2)3;    Y'=sulfonic acid;and    R1=1-50C hydrocarbyl or 1-50C linear hydrocarbyl having sulfide bond, sulfoxide bond or sulfone bond, C-C bonding, or C-S-C bonding, preferably 2C hydrocarbyl.    EXAMPLE - 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (in g) (0.6), sodium allylsulfonate (0.40), isopropanol (1.5) and water (1.32) were added and stirred, and ultraviolet-ray was irradiated to the resulting liquid surface at 25 degrees C for 1 hour. Then, 1,8-bis(diethoxymethylsilyl)octane (0.90), isopropanol (1.5) and liquid mixture (0.30) of 1N hydrochloric acid were added to the resulting liquid, mixed and heated at 100 degrees C or more, to obtain a proton-conductive membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the polyester film and polyamide film is 9-50 microns and 15-25 microns, respectively. The total thickness of the laminated film is 40-150 microns. Preferred Film: The adhesive resin film is modified polypropylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The white polyester film has curl index of 40 mm or less, and light reflecting power of 85% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Producing cylindrical battery with aqueous lithium iron phosphate power type comprises paste mixing, coating, tabletting, winding, liquid injection, formation, aging and detection processes, where the manufacturing method of the battery is the general battery production technique used at present, different in paste mixing process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thin metal layer is selected from a group consisting of alloy of iron, carbon, chrome, manganese, nickel, copper and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner layer is selected from one of casted polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene-propylene copolymer, and polypropylene-butylene-ethylene terpolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic binder is cellulose-based binder or acrylate-based binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The degassing line is made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The degassing line is made of rubber or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor layer formed in film formation chamber consists of amorphous silicon or fine-crystal silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible film consists of polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The separator with gasket and cooling separator consists of a metal comprising iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, magnesium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, tungsten, nickel and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The film has oxygen gas permeability of less than 10 cm3/m2.24 hours.atm, and water permeability of less than 5 g/m2.day.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular compound is a polymerized epoxy group containing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The carbon material having hardly graphitizing property (0.5-8 weight%, preferably 2-4 weight%) is mixed with respect to total weight of carbon materials. The carbon material having easily graphitizing property is obtained by baking petroleum pitch, polyacene, polysiloxane, polyparaphenylene and polyfurfuryl alcohol at 800-1000 degrees C. The carbon material having hardly graphitizing property is obtained by baking petroleum pitch, polyacene, polysiloxane, polyparaphenylene and polyfurfuryl alcohol at 500-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The receiver may comprise glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: One or more species of gas ions are implanted into the donor body before the cleaving step, where the implanting step defines a cleave plane for the cleaving step. The gas ions comprise hydrogen ions, helium ions, and boron ions. The receiver may comprise metal, or semiconductor. The semiconductor donor body is a silicon wafer, or a germanium wafer. The dose of hydrogen ions is greater than or equal to 0.1x 1017 ions/cm2, where the implant energy for hydrogen is greater than or equal to 100 keV. Preferred Material: The semiconductor material is silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The receiver may comprise polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass stabilizer component includes a compound of diboron trioxide (1-2 wt.%). The first glass-ceramic layer includes 2-12 wt.% of aluminum trioxide, 35-55 wt.% of barium oxide, 30-45 wt.% of silicon oxide, and 0.5-3 wt.% of titanium oxide. The second glass-ceramic layer includes 10-15 wt.% of aluminum trioxide, 35-55 wt.% of barium oxide, 30-45 wt.% of silicon oxide, and 0.5-3 wt.% of titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor layer is an amorphous semiconductor or a thin film. The semiconductor layer is an n-type silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal layer is a conducting polymer, an evaporated metal grid, a network of carbon nanotubes, or a thin film made through nanoparticles enhancement.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic molecular monolayer is a saturated alkyl chain monolayer, a thiol-terminated alkoxy monolayer, a methyl-terminated alkoxy monolayer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The aluminum oxide layer is formed in the surface of welding base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyolefin layer is positioned at lower and upper surfaces of the sealing films. The polyethylene naphthalate layer is provided among the polyolefin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The core portion consists of noble-metal-non-noble metal alloy, and shell portion consists of noble metals. The noble metal is platinum, and non-noble metal is chosen from ruthenium, molybdenum, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, iron, nickel, titanium, tungsten, palladium, rhenium, chromium, manganese, niobium and/or tantalum. The noble metal component is platinum acetyl acetate, the non-noble metal component is non-noble metal acetyl acetate, and electroconductive carrier is carbon carrier. EXAMPLE - Platinum acetyl acetate (in g) (197), iron acetyl acetate (139), and 1,2-hexadecanediol (390) were dissolved in octyl-ether (20 ml), maintained at 100 degrees C and stirred. Subsequently, oleic acid (0.16 ml) and oleyl amine (0.17 ml) were added, refluxed, stirred, and cooled at room temperature. Then, hexane (100 ml), carbon (120), polyamide and acetone (50 ml) was added, stirred, filtered, washed, vacuum-dried at 90 degrees C and heated at 400 degrees C, to obtain platinum-iron/carbon catalyst powder having excellent activity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The rigid sheet is a glass reinforced plastic sheet. The layers above the photoactive layer do not contain glass fillers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photovoltaic module is laminated on a rigid sheet made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The profile has a production foamed core or a core partly filled with foam to seal the profile after installation. The photovoltaic module is laminated on a rigid sheet made of reinforced plastic. The modules are laminated on the rigid sheet with a creep resistant adhesive (cross-linked ethylene vinyl acetate or polyurethane Hot-melt). The light weight modules contain halogenated, preferably a brominated flame retarded adhesive layer(s) under a plastic cell substrate. The UV protection is achieved by a coating containing nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The acidic portion of polymerizable acidic compound is carboxylic-acid group. Preferred Property: The concentration of polymerizable acidic compound in the surface of hydrocarbon-anion exchange membrane is higher than that in the center portion of membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymerizable acidic compound is polyacrylic acid having ethylenically unsaturated group in terminal(s) of a molecular chain, polymethacrylic acid, poly(acrylic acid-methacrylic acid) copolymer and/or their salts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silyl containing polyacrylate polymer comprises a silyl terminated polyacrylate polymer. The second seal comprises a XMAP (RTM: telechelic polyacrylate). The first seal comprises a thermoplastic material and a desiccant. The first seal is comprised of a butyl sealant material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The sulfonate anion is organic sulfonate anion having molecular weight of 240 or more, condensed benzene ring and/or two aromatic rings or more or quinone structure. The sulfonate anion is electrochemically reversible oxidation reaction activity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ammonia borane compound is ammonia borane, dimethylamine borane, diethylamine borane, trimethylamine borane, triethylamine borane, t-butylamine borane, ammonia triborane, morpholine borane and/or pyridine borane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The secondary battery further has lithium electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphorous acid ester is of formula (I).R1,R2,R4,R5=H,1-8C alkyl, 5-8C cycloalkyl, 6-12C alkyl cycloalkyl, 7-12C aralkyl or phenyl;R3=H or 1-8C alkyl;X=sulfur or -CHR6-;R6=H, 1-8C alkyl or 5-8C cyclo alkyl;n=0 or 1;A=2-8C alkylene or asterisk-CO(R7)m-;asterisk=group which bonds with oxygen atom;R7=1-8C alkylene;m=0 or 1;andY',Z=hydroxyl, 1-8C alkoxy, 7-12C aralkyl oxy, H or 1-8C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorous acid ester is 0.15-2 weight parts with respect to 100 mass parts of polypropylene resin. The content of heavy metal deactivator is 0.21-3 weight parts with respect to 100 mass parts of polypropylene resin. Preferred property: The weight average molecular weight of polypropylene resin based on conversion of polystyrene is 650000-1 million.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkoxysilane is dialkoxysilane having amino group or epoxy group. The dialkoxysilane is 3-aminopropyl dialkoxysilane or N-3-(amino ethyl)-3-aminopropyl dialkoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene and polar monomer copolymer is ethylenic copolymer chosen from ionomer of ethylene, unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer, and ethylene and unsaturated-carboxylic-acid copolymer. The ethylene copolymer composition further contains additive chosen from weathering stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer, and antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) comprises: a layer of a composition A comprising 100 mass% of a homopolymer or copolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF); a layer of composition B comprising 30-75 parts of a homopolymer or copolymer of VDF, 10-45 parts of a homopolymer or copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 10-25 parts of at least one mineral filler; and a layer of composition C comprising 100% of homopolymer or copolymer of VDF. The shrinkage volume of the film is less than 1% at 150 degrees C. (A) comprises 100 mass% of at least one fluoropolymer. (C) comprises 100 mass% of at least one fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer of the first, second and third layers is a homopolymer or copolymer of VDF. The fluoropolymer of the first and/or third layer is a homopolymer of VDF. The fluoropolymer of the second layer has a melting point of greater than 140 degrees C measured by DSC. The filler content in the composition B is 0.1-30 mass%, preferably 15-25 mass%. The size of the filler is 0.05-1 mu m. The fluoropolymer of the second layer contains 15 mass%, preferably 10 mass% of comonomer. The fluoropolymer for the second layer contains titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silica, quartz, alumina, talc and/or mica. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised: a first layer (thickness of 5 mu m) comprising 100% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-1 homopolymer; a second layer (thickness of 20 mu m) containing 60 wt.% of PVDF-2 (copolymer of vinylidene fluoride/11 wt.% of hexafluoropropylene), 24% of poly(methyl methacrylate) and 16% of titanium dioxide; and a third layer (thickness of 5 mu m) comprising 100% of PVDF-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The reaction system in which zinc oxide precipitates is zinc nitrate solution or zinc acetate solution. Preferred Layer: The seed layer is acetic anhydride zinc seed layer, zinc oxide nanoparticle seed layer or single-crystal zinc oxide seed layer. Preferred Process: The region of the layer of zinc acetate hydrate or zinc nitrate hydrate is formed on the substrate, and subjected to light-irradiation through a photomask. Preferred Properties: The temperature of the reaction system is 0-99 degrees C. The number density of the whisker in the zinc oxide whisker pattern is adjusted to 1-1000/ mu m2, by adjusting the grade of densification of temperature, raw material concentration and/or pH of reaction system or seed layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains fluorine doped tin oxide, glass, silicon, metal, ceramic or polymer. The substrate is in the form of flat form, particles, fiber or complicated shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base material of the wiring board consists of transparent resin. The sealing material is selected from group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, polystyrene resin, polycarbonate resin and rubber type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conduction interruptible component of the battery contains element consisting of shape memory alloy consisting of alloy of titanium and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anisotropic electroconductive material contains metal-plated resin nucleus, and binder containing resin. The resin contains polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dots are made of rubber chosen from natural rubber and/or synthetic rubber. The rubber is a copolymer including styrene unit, butadiene unit and hydrophilic functional group-containing unit chosen from maleic acid, acrylic acid, acrylate, carboxylic acid, nitrile group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, ether group, ester group, amide group, amine group, acetate group and/or halogen group. The binder polymer is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl pullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylonitrile styrene-butadiene copolymer and/or polyimide. The substrate is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfidro, polyethylene naphthalene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, hexofluoro propylene copolymer, polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first seal is made of extrudable material resulting in moisture vapor transmission rate of less than or equal to 10 g mm/m2/day. The first seal is formed of desiccant-free polymeric material, preferably butyl sealant. The second seal is made of silicone sealant. The coating is on the central region and periphery of the second surface of the substrate over which the photovoltaic coating is disposed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Monomers: The monomer of vinyl polymer (A) is glycidyl methacrylate, 2-(O-(1-methylpropylidine)carboxy amino)ethyl methacrylate or 2-(2,4-dimethyl pyrazole carboxy amino)ethyl methacrylate. The monomer of vinyl polymer (B) is 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and/or allylamine. The polymer having acidic group is styrene sulfonic acid or its salt, acrylamide t-butylsulfonic acid or vinyl sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The polycrystal mesocarbon pellet graphitization article are in spherical from. EXAMPLE - Coal tar pitch containing 1 mass% of free carbon was heated at 450 degrees C for 30 minutes and 35 mass% of mesocarbon pellet having average particle diameter of 32 mu m was produced in coal tar pitch. The tar middle oil having boiling point of 180-300 degrees C was added to coal tar pitch, viscosity of the coal tar pitch was adjusted to 1.5 mPa.second at 125 degrees C, stirred at 125 degrees C for 1 hour, and easily graphitized carbon material containing mesocarbon was obtained. The easily graphitized carbon material was poured into pressure filter at 125 degrees C, pressurized and filtered, and mesocarbon pellet was separated. The oil component of separated mesocarbon pellet was removed and dried, baked at 450 degrees C for 5 hours in a graphite crucible, heated up to 1000 degrees C, and carried out graphitization processing at 3000 degrees C for 3 hours or more, to obtain polycrystal mesocarbon pellet graphitized article having average particle diameter of 30 mu m. The negative electrode active material comprising polycrystal mesocarbon pellet graphitized article had density of 1.8 g/cm3. The battery comprising negative electrode active material had discharge capacitance per mass of 350 mAh/g, discharge capacitance per volume is 630 mAh/cm3, charging and discharging efficiency of 95.6% and discharging load characteristic of 84%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The infrared reflective agent is an infra-red reflective pigment (preferably metal oxide pigment, especially nanoparticle titanium dioxide). The ultraviolet protective agent is a nanoparticle titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoinitiator is a bisaryl phosphine oxide. The ultraviolet protective agent is selected from benzotriazoles or hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The urethane-acrylic polymer precursor comprises a urethane diacrylate oligomer; and additionally monomers selected from alkoxylated acrylic monomers, acrylate monomers, and aliphatic urethane acrylates. EXAMPLE - A UV-curable coating composition comprising (wt.%): urethane acrylic mixture (90.7) (comprising (wt.%) alkoxylated acrylic monomer (10), acrylate monomer (10), highly functional monomer (5) and aliphatic urethane acrylate (38.5)); Esacure KT046 (RTM: photoinitiator)) (3); Ferro Geode (RTM: pigments dispersed in reactive sartomer oligomer) (10-20); Nano Byk 3601 (RTM: aluminum oxide in tripropylene glycol diacrylate) (3.6); and Acematt TS100 (RTM: amorphous furned silica) (1.4), was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles comprise strong pyro- and piezo-electric material and/or ferroelectric material. The nanoparticles comprise wurtzite, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, zinc-blended structured zinc selenide and cadmium sulfide particles, and ferroelectric materials including barium titanate with properly stabilized surfaces. The cadmium sulfide nanoparticles are embedded in a cadmium telluride host or copper-indium-gallium selenide (CuInGaSe2) polycrystalline host. The device includes a polymer matrix with embedded cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, zinc selenide, and/or barium-titanium nanoparticles. The photovoltaic device includes a mixture of cadmium telluride and polar cadmium sulfide nano-powders.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photoconducting host comprises one or more of polymer, liquid, polycrystalline, or amorphous materials. The polymer material comprises poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), or dye-sensitized PVK, or other suitable photoconducting polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component:
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photosensitive organic component contains polymerizable polyfunctional monomer which has 2-6 polymerizable unsaturated groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesion portion of the solar cell panel contains either polyurethane, silicone or silyl group containing special polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coatings comprise silicon dioxide, polymers, metals, or mixtures while the porous material is selected from a group consisting of nickel, silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum, alumina, polyimide, palladium, titanium, or alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass mixture comprises aluminum oxide (Al2O3), bismuth pentoxide, diboron trioxide (B2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), lead oxide (PbO), thallium trioxide and zinc oxide (ZnO). The glass mixture further comprises ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), magnesium oxide (MgO), digallium trioxide (Ga2O3), lithium oxide (Li2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), silver (I,III) oxide, scandium oxide, strontium oxide (SrO), barium oxide, calcium oxide, palladium, platinum or rhodium. The glass mixture contains greater than or equal to 2 main glasses including first and second glass comprising PbO-SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3, SiO2-PbO-B2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3)-ZnO-SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3, SiO2-SrO-Bi2O3-B2O3-Al2O3, SiO2-PbO-ZnO-B2O3-Al2O3-titanium dioxide (TiO2), SiO2-PbO-ZnO-B2O3-Al2O3, SiO2-Bi2O3-B2O3-Al2O3-thallium-ZnO, PbO-B2O3-SiO2, Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO-vanadium oxide (V2O5), Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO, Bi2O3-SiO2-Al2O3, Bi2O3-SiO2-V2O5, Bi2O3-SiO2-B2O3-potassium oxide, Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO-B2O3-Li2O-Na2O-niobium oxide, PbO-SiO2-ZnO-Al2O3, PbO-SiO2-ZnO-Al2O3-tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), PbO-SiO2-Al2O3-hafnium dioxide (HfO2)-indium oxide-Ga2O3, PbO-SiO2-Al2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2, PbO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-antimony oxide (Sb2O5), PbO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2, PbO-SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5-ZrO2, PbO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-ZrO2-Sb2O5, PbO-SiO2-Al2O3-HfO2, PbO-SiO2-Ga2O3 and/or SiO2-ZrO2-B2O3-ZnO-MgO-TiO2-Na2O-lithium superoxide-Bi2O3. Preferred Composition: The aluminum-containing contains 60-80% aluminum powders with purity of 90-99.99%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive contains less than 5% 10-24C stearic acid. The back surface material has 20-35 mass% organic media. The organic media comprises (mass%) alcohol ether organic solvent (60-90) or cellulosic resin (10-20); and smoothing agent, rheological assistant or thixotropic assistant (1-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The cap is connected to an MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 and a universal serial bus port.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive adhesive is a tin paste selected from group consisting of tin-lead alloy and tin-silver-copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The secondary catalytic region is made of nickel/tin or platinum/rubidium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electronic component casing is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The low melting temperature metal comprises copper and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of nylon, polyphthalamide, phenolic and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic cell further has electrodes comprising stainless steel, silver, gold, copper and aluminum. The substrate further contains silicon oxide, silicon nitride and other insulating material. The nanowire further comprises amorphous silicon, crystalline silicon, germanium, III-V semiconductor and II-VI semiconductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode comprises an anode active material containing graphite particles and silicon microparticles. The lithium salt contains fluorine atom covalently bonded to carbon atom. The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.01-2.0 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The polysiloxane-based compound is of formula: ((CH2CH2O)l-R1)-CH2-Si(CH3)2-(O-Si(CH3)2)n-O-Si(CH3)2-CH2-(CH2CH2O)p-R2 (2), preferably chosen from formulae (4-7).l,p=1-10.Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution contains 0.1-5 wt.% of polysiloxane compound based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution. The organic solvent comprises high dielectric constant solvent or low boiling point solvent. The high dielectric constant solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 1-fluoroethylene carbonate, and gamma -butyrolactone. The low boiling point solvent is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, and fatty acid ester derivative. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=oxygen-containing cyclic groups chosen from formulae (a-h).    EXAMPLE - A mixture of ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and 1-fluoroethylene carbonate in the volume ratio of 2:6:2 was prepared. Lithium bis(pentafluoroethyl sulfonyl)amine (1.0 M) and diglycidyl ether-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (3.0 wt.%) were added to the obtained mixture and an organic electrolyte solution was prepared. The prepared electrolyte, anode, cathode and separator were used to fabricate a lithium battery. The lithium battery had initial charging/discharging efficiency of 68.2% and capacitance retention rate of 88.5% after 50 cycles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The curable resin is a urethane resin, acrylic resin or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing copolymer (A) contains (in mol%) fluoro olefin (40-90) (i), cyclohexyl group-containing acrylate (1-30) (ii) and hydroxyl group-containing vinyl ether (1-30) (iii). The polymer electrolyte membrane contains fluorine-type ion exchange resin and is reinforced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction system where zinc oxide precipitates is zinc nitrate solution or zinc acetate solution. The substrate is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), glass, silicon, metal, ceramics or polymer substrate. The seed layer is acetic anhydride zinc seed layer, ZnO nanoparticle seed layer or single crystal ZnO seed layer. Preferred Parameters: The form of substrate is flat form, particle, fiber or complicated shape. Layer of zinc acetate hydrate or zinc nitrate hydrate may be formed on substrate, and dry-processed to form zinc acetic anhydride or zinc nitric anhydride layer. The temperature of reaction system during preparation of ZnO whisker film is 0-99 degrees C. Preferred Process: The preparation method adjusts precise grade of ZnO whisker film or controls number density of whisker or seed layer in 1-1000 / mu m2 by adjusting densification grade of reaction system temperature, raw material concentration and/or pH condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphorus base flame retarder is red phosphorus type flame retardant. Preferred Property: The red phosphorus type flame retardant is a particulate phosphorus base flame retarder having average particle diameter of 0.5-45 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition contains phosphorus base flame retarder (4-10 weight parts).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte resin (i) is fluorine-type electrolyte resin, electrolyte resin (ii) is hydrocarbon-type electrolyte resin, solvent (i) is protonic polar solvent and solvent (ii) is aprotic polar solvent. A catalyst ink containing a catalyst, protonic polar solvent (I) and fluorine-type electrolyte resin (B) is coated on the electrolyte resin layer (a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal salt comprises sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, oxalate, hydrochloride or carbonate of group (IA or 2A), preferably lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium, more preferably heavy calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate or colloidal calcium carbonate. The active material of the electrode consists of metal particles of carbon material, lithium or its alloy and metal oxide particles of lithium or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water soluble polymer is hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, carrageenan, furcelleran, pectin, starch, mannan, curdlan, xanthan gum, Honest gum and/or gelatin. The binder further comprises rubber-type binder. The rubber-type binder is styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene isoprene rubber, isoprene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, neoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber or ethylene propylene diene copolymer rubber. The rubber-type binder has styrene unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The chelating agent is dissolved in organic solvent, and resultant solution is mixed with polyelectrolyte containing metal impurity. The content of metal impurity in polyelectrolyte is reduced by mixing the liquid mixture with poor solvent, resultant solution is deposited and polyelectrolyte is separated from liquid mixture. Preferred Property: The chelating agent has molecular weight of 1000 or less. Preferred Component: The chelating agent has basic group and acidic group in the molecule. The basic group is primary amino group, secondary amino group, or tertiary amino group. The acidic group is carboxylic acidic group, phosphonic acid group or sulfonic acid group. The chelating agent is N,N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or N,N,N',N'-ethylene diamine tetrakis methylene phosphonic acid. The organic solvent is aprotic polar solvent. The poor solvent is protic polar solvent such as water, and contains inorganic acid. The polyelectrolyte has acidic group as ion exchange group. The ion exchange group is phosphonic acid group or sulfonic acid group. The polyelectrolyte is aromatic polyelectrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode may comprise metal and/or metal oxide, preferably indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The hole-blocking layer comprises II/VI, III/V, and/or IV/IV group semiconductors; or preferably titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, silicon carbide, indium nitride, indium gallium nitride, gallium nitride, lead sulfide, bismuth sulfide, copper indium gallium selenide, and/or copper indium gallium sulfide. The porous body comprises inorganic semiconductor and/or metal oxide, preferably titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, silicon carbide, indium nitride, indium gallium nitride, gallium nitride, lead sulfide, bismuth sulfide, copper indium gallium selenide, and/or copper indium gallium sulfide    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cathode comprises polymer, oligomer, and/or organic small molecule, preferably polystyrenesulfonate:poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PSS:PEDOT) or PEDOT. The conjugated polymer filler comprises conjugated polymer, oligomer, macromolecule, or copolymer, preferably polyaniline and its derivatives, polypyrrole and its derivative, polythiophene and its derivative, poly-p-phenylene vinylene and its derivatives, poly-3-alkylthiophene, poly-2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene, polydithiophene, poly-2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene, and/or PEDOT.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of polyester and plastic e.g. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Polyamide, Polycarbonate, PET, Polyvinylidene Fluoride, glass reinforced laminate epoxide, ethylene propylene diene Monomer, Methyl- Pentene Copolymer, polyurethane, Polyethersulfone, Polyethyleneimine and fluoro polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fullerene derivative is obtained by reacting N-substituted glycine with fullerene, in toluene. The triarylamine derivative is bromotriarylamine, iodotriarylamine or chlorotriarylamine. The reaction is carried out in the presence of 2-polyphenol. The organic solvent is toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide nano-particle layer is selected from a group of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, NB oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide and strontium titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic foil is selected from a group of stainless steel, aluminum, copper and copper alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal substrate comprises a material from a metal operable to grow carbon nanotubes or a metal alloy operable to grow carbon nanotubes; or a nickel chromium with an root mean square surface roughness of less than approximately 5 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon nanotubes comprise groupings of carbon nanotubes. Each grouping is physically separated from one another.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The inhibitor comprises a material from a non-metal, a polymer (preferably), or a metal operable to inhibit the growth of carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Alloy: The platinum alloy contains platinum and transition metal. The transition metal is ruthenium, molybdenum, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, iron, nickel, titanium, tungsten, palladium, rhenium, chromium, manganese, niobium, tantalum and/or gold. Preferred Compound: The metal oxide is contained as support, core material of catalyst component, additive of electrode catalyst, or component-catalyst in catalyst component. The metal oxide is contained in surface and/or interior of support. The metal oxide is transition metal oxide chosen from hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide and/or silicon oxide, preferably tantalum oxide and/or niobium oxide. The content of niobium oxide in metal oxide is 10-90 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte material further contains a block copolymer chosen from linear block copolymer, branched copolymer, diblock copolymer and triblock copolymer. The domain (A) further contains polymer blocks (a1), and the domain (B) further contains polymer blocks (a2). The polymer blocks (a1) contains polymer (a1) chosen from polyether, linear copolymer, polyamine polyethylene oxide, linear polyether, linear polyacrylonitrile, linear polyvinylalcohol, and linear polyacrylate, polymer (a2) having low glass-transition temperature backbones, chosen from polysiloxane, polyphosphazene, polyether, polyethylene and polyacrylate, and polymer (a3) having pendants, chosen from substituted polyethylene glycol, such as polyethylene glycol-dimethylether, polyethylene glycol-ethylene carbonate or polyethylene glycol-cyanide. The polymer blocks (a2) contain styrene, methacrylate, vinylpyridine, vinylcyclohexane, imide, amide, propylene, and/or their copolymers, preferably polystyrene. The electrolyte material further contains a domain (C) comprising a phase having polymer blocks (a3) containing polymer (a4) chosen from rubbery polymer made of polysiloxane such as polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylate such as poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate), polydecyl methacrylate or polylauryl methacrylate, or polydiene such as polyisoprene or polybutadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The total content of repeating units (I) and (II) is 10-50 mol%. Preferred Parameters: The fluorene derived repeating units are joined in the 2nd and 7th position by a carbon-carbon bond. The weight average molecular weight of polymer electrolyte material is greater than or equal to 1000. Preferred Definitions:    X=SO3H.    EXAMPLE - No suitable examples given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material (a) is chosen from epoxy resin, gelatin adhesive or acacia and methylene bromide. The battery electrolyte is lithium ion secondary battery electrolyte or lithium ion polymer battery electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The styrene group block copolymer is mixed with magnesium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The styrene group block copolymer is a copolymer of styrene, acrylic acid and butadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert gas comprises nitrogen gas, helium and/or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The blended fabric has controlled shrinkage of less than 40% (preferably less than 25%) during heat treatment. The oxidized fiber is polyacrylonitrile fiber, pitch fiber, phenolic fiber and/or cellulose fiber, and is obtained by heating polyacrylonitrile fiber. The oxidized fiber and polyamide fiber has length of 0.5-30 (preferably 0.5-20) cm. Preferred Process: The heat treatment comprises first heat treatment which is carried out at 400-1000 degrees C for 5 minutes to 120 hours, and second heat treatment which is carried out at 1000-2500 degrees C for 5 minutes to 120 hours. The blended fabric is obtained by mixing oxidized fiber and polyamide fiber to provide a fiber blend, spinning the fiber blend to provide a blended yarn, and weaving the blended yarn to provide the blended fabric; or mixing oxidized fiber and polyamide fiber to provide a fiber blend, and needle-punching the fiber blend to provide the blended fabric. The method further comprises drying the fabric at 60-120 degrees C after dipping and before carbonizing. The hot pressing step is carried out at 50-320 (preferably 60-150) degrees C and 1-200 (preferably 5-50) kg/cm2. The carbonizing step is carried out at 1000-3000 degrees C for 2 minutes to 48 hours under vacuum conditions or with inert gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyamide fiber comprises a cyclic polyamide fiber. The resin is furan resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, or preferably phenolic resin. Preferred Composition: The polyamide fiber is present in blended fabric at 5-50 (preferably 10-40) wt.% of total fiber. The resin is present at 0.01-40 (preferably 0.01-20) wt.% of fabric gross amount, during dipping step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The intermediate SiO2 layer is 10-80 nm thick. The intermediate Al2O3 layer is 30-100 nm thick. The ITO conducting layer is 10-100 nm thick.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The flexible substrate layer is 25-1000 mu m thick. The hardened resin layer is 3-6 mu m thick. Preferred Method: The resin is spread on surfaces of flexible substrate layer through knifing or dip coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover of the electrochemical cell array comprises a porous layer made of thermo-responsive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The heat-processing is carried out at temperature of 400-1400 degrees C. Preferred Property: The concentration of oxygen is 0.1-10 volume%. Preferred Component: A catalyst layer formed using the catalyst contains electroconductive particles. EXAMPLE - Carbonitride niobium (2 g) was heated at 800 degrees C for 1 hour in presence of argon gas containing 1 volume% of oxygen gas, to obtain an oxycarbonitride of niobium as catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The porous membrane contains a polytetrafluoroethylene and the thermoreversible gelatinization fuel contains an agarose, pectin, guar gum, xanthan gum, tamarind gum, a carrageenan, or sodium carboxymethylcelluloses as a gelatinizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A bonding layer between LCP layers comprises a thermoplastic bonding layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The special colloid comprises (wt.%) silicon dioxide (20), stabilizer (3), sodium sulfate (33), stannous monosulfate/stannous sulfate (0.23), bismuth oxide/bismuth trioxide (0.4), and deionized water (balance). Preferred Component: The bismuth oxide/bismuth trioxide can be replaced antimony trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The stabilizer is carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium dioxide containing inorganic material is potassium tetratitanate, sodium trititanate or titanium compound having composition according to general formula (I). CsxTi2-x/4O4 (I)    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The ammonium compound is selected from methyl ammonium, propylammonium or tetrabutylammonium. The ionic liquid includes imidazolium iodide selected from methylpropylimidazolium iodide, butylmethylimidazolium iodide or hexylmethylimidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, polypropylene or polyethylene oxide. The oligomer is polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polypropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol diamine or polyethylene glycol bis(carboxymethyl)ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen ion conductor is orthophosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acid, alkyl phosphoric acid and/or phosphonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring compound which has greater than or equal to 2 amino groups as basic compound is diamino imidazole and its derivative(s), diamino triazine and its derivative(s), diamino triazole and its derivative(s), diamino pyridine and its derivative(s) and/or diamino benzimidazole and its derivative(s). The basic compound is 2-(4-aminophenyl)-3H-benzo(d)imidazol-5-amine, 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine or 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-type polymers are vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer and/or vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene tetrafluoroethylene trinary copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Materials: A membrane electrode assembly comprises the electrolyte, a positive electrode joined to the electrolyte, and a negative electrode joined to the other surface of the electrolyte. A fuel cell comprises the membrane electrode assembly, and a separator joined on both surface of the assembly.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound has at least two amino groups. The basic compound is chosen from diamino imidazole, diamino triazine, diamino triazole, diamino pyridine, diamino benzimidazole and their derivatives. The hydrogen-ion conductor is o-phosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acid, alkyl phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The fluorine-type polymer is vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer or vinylidene fluoride tetrafluoroethylene trinary copolymer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2-(4-Amino-phenyl)-3H-benzoimidazol-5-ylamine, 6-phenyl-(1,3,5)triazine-2,4-diamine and 1H-(1,2,4)triazole-3,5-diamine are claimed as basic compound.    EXAMPLE - 6,4'-Diamino-2-phenyl benzimidazole was dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide at 60 degrees C, and VdF-HFP (RTM: vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer) was added. The mixture was refluxed at 120 degrees C for 120 hours, the reaction solution was cast on a substrate, and heated at 180 degrees C for 2 hour to obtain polymer film having thickness of 25 mu m. The obtained film was impregnated in 85% of phosphoric acid at 60 degrees C for 2 hours to form polyelectrolyte. The obtained component was used to provide fuel cell having excellent durability, proton conductivity, heat resistance and acid resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A conductive material comprises a carbon-based material, a doped oxide and metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A conductive material comprises a conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The proton exchange film layer is formed using a proton exchange resin which is perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The doped substance is soluble organic salt of doped metal. The dispersant is soluble starch, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol or PTFE. Preferred Definitions:    M=Co, Ni, Mg, Cr, Fe, Ca or Al.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A gel type polymer coating layer (500) and nano oxide layer (130) containing dye are formed in a dye-sensitized solar cell. The dye is chosen from ruthenium complex, xanthene dye, cyanine based dye, basic dye, porphyrin based dye, azo based dye, phthalocyanine compound, anthraquinone dye and/or polycyclic quinone based dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photon crystal layers includes multiple spherical recess sections that are made of silicon oxide, and the nano-spheres of the photon crystal layers are made of silicon oxide and tin oxide. The transparent conducting sections are made of tin indium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first thermally conductive layer is constructed from aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The porous membrane contains polytetrafluoroethylene. The thermoreversible gelatinization fuel contains agarose, pectin, guar gum, xanthan gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan or sodium carboxylmethyl cellulose as gelatinizer. The content of gelatinizer in thermoreversible gelatinization fuel is 1-20 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high molecular weight polymer component is formed of thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, plastics, natural resin, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polystyrene, polyimide, poly lactic acid and silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin base material consists of phenol-type resin, polyimide-type resin, epoxy resin and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolytic polymerization property molecule is consisting of aniline, pyrrole, thiophene, diphenylamine, pyrene, azulene, N-vinylcarbazole, benzene, biphenyl, furan, indole, phenol, phthalocyanine, ethylene, acetylene and/or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An oxidized film is formed on surface of regenerated substrate by oxidizing process after removing and regenerated conductive film is formed on the surface of oxidized film. The oxidizing process is performed by exposing regenerated substrate in plasma including oxygen, and immersing the regenerated substrate in aqueous solution including oxidizing acid and passivated film is formed as oxidized film. The circumstance of separator by applying negative bias voltage to the separator for a fuel cell (10) and ions of rare gas element generated in plasma collide with the surface of the separator. The removing process is performed by irradiating an ion beam containing rare gas element. The regenerated substrate with regenerated conductive film is subjected to heat treatment at 300-600 degrees C. The regenerated conductive film is formed by a sputtering method. Preferred Component: The oxidizing acid is chosen from nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The removing process is performed by generating plasma including rare gas element chosen from neon, argon, krypton and xenon. The separator immersing a solution including ion chosen from chlorine, fluorine, nitrate and sulfate. Preferred Property: The regenerated conductive film has thickness of 2-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The moisture barrier film comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyimide, parylene, benzocyclobutene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon oxy-nitride, aluminum oxy-nitride, amorphous or polycrystalline silicon carbide, transparent ceramics, and carbon doped oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The moisture barrier film alternately comprises component chosen from silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon oxy-nitride, aluminum oxy-nitride, amorphous or polycrystalline silicon carbide, transparent ceramics, and carbon doped oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The moisture barrier film comprises component chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyimide, parylene, benzocyclobutene and polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The liquid fuel is volatile fuel consisting of methanol, ethanol, dimethylether, or its aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The laminate film has an adhesive layer with a thickness of 20-200 mu m, consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and ionomer resin. The laminate film has a barrier layer with a thickness of 5-100 mu m, consisting of aluminum foil, polyvinylidene chloride, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, aluminum, or silica vapor-deposition film. The laminate film has a surface layer with a thickness of 10-1000 mu m, consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, cellophane, paper, cloth, and nonwoven fabric. The outer container consists of synthetic resin, glass, or metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The surface roughness of the electroconductive base material is measured according to the JISB0601 standard, and surface resistivity is measured according to the JISK6911 and ASTM D 257 standards. The temperature and humidity of the solar cell is measured according to the JISC8938 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The adsorption agent is metal oxide or silicon oxide, preferably alumina, silica gel or ion exchange resin. Preferred Composition: The composition further contains electron donor. EXAMPLE - 2-(7-(1,3,2-Dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (in g) (7.928) was added to a flask, and toluene (405 ml), methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride (4.979), dichlorobis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium (II) (0.02) and sodium carbonate aqueous solution (42.2 ml) were added. The mixture was reacted for 5 hours, and phenyl boronic acid (2.6) and toluene (1.8) were added. Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate trihydrate (200 ml) and toluene (700 ml) were added and maintained at 85 degrees C for 3 hours. The reaction product was washed, concentrated and dried to produce copolymer having weight average molecular weight of 1.1x 105 and number average molecular weight of 5.4x 104. The obtained polymer (in wt.pts) (5), o-dichlorobenzene (1000) and electron donor were mixed. Silica gel (10) was added and stirred at 23 degrees C for 12 hours. A photoelectric transducer composition was obtained. The composition provided transducer having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner cylinder, outer cylinder and honeycomb base material are comprised of ferric stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is 10-12 m to 1012 m. The electromagnetic radiation comprises gamma rays, x-rays, extreme ultraviolet, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and/or radio wave. The electromagnetic radiation is coherent or incoherent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen free environment comprises vacuum or non-oxidizing gas atmosphere. The hydrogen fixed fullerenes comprises hydrogen fixed to fullerenes, endohedral fullerenes, substituted fullerenes, and/or functionalized fullerenes. The material comprises CxHy, CxMy'Hz, where M is metal, several hydrogen fixed fullerenes secured by a carrier or matrix (preferably hydrogen fixed fullerene coated polymeric tape). The carrier or matrix comprises organic gas, liquid or solid, inorganic gas, liquid, or solid, polymer or polymer composite, water, aqueous solution or aqueous suspension, metal or metal alloy, glass or ceramic, and/or biological or biologically derived material.x=28-1500;y and z=2-x;andy'=1-x EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The infrared-transmissive pigment is selected from zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, nanoparticle titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The infrared-transmissive pigment is selected from CI Pigment Black 31, CI Pigment Black 32, CI Pigment Red 122 and CI Pigment Yellow 13.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The mixed gas contains oxygen, nitrogen and/or hydrogen as active gas, and helium, argon and/or neon as inert gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and/or 2-propanol. The polyelectrolyte of electrolytic membrane is a hydrocarbon-type polyelectrolyte, and the polyelectrolyte of the catalyst layer is fluorine-type polyelectrolyte, or vice versa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of cyclic phosphazene in non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.1-7 mass%.The non-aqueous electrolyte further comprises 5C or more chain shaped carbonate.Preferred Components: The halogenated carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate.The 5C or more chain shaped carbonate is diethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high molecule compound is polyvinylidene fluoride or its copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A photovoltaic element material comprises the electron donating organic material, and the electron accepting organic material such as a fullerene compound. Preferred Element: A photovoltaic element has the photovoltaic element material between a positive electrode (2) and a negative electrode (4). EXAMPLE - 4,7-Dibromo-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (45 mg) and 2-(4-hexyl-5-(5-(3-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(1,3,2)dioxaborolane (0.2 g) were reacted in presence of potassium phosphate (0.19 g), dimethyl formamide (5 ml) and (1,1'-bis(diphenyl phosphino)ferrocene) dichloropalladium (II) (12 mg) were stirred at 80 degrees C for 3 hours, and water (100 ml) and dichloromethane (150 ml) were added to the solution. The organic layer was washed and dried to obtain 4,7-bis-(4-hexyl-5-(5-(3-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (0.13 g). The obtained compound was used provide photovoltaic element having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, electric current voltage characteristics and current density.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The amine compound has melting point 300 degrees C or more. Preferred Composition: A gelled material is a gel electrolyte obtained by gelatinizing 100 weight parts of organic solvent electrolyte solution by 0.01-10 weight parts of organo-gelatinizing agent. Preferred Definitions:    R1=(1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-butanetetra carboxylic acid, 1,2,4-cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexane tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid or 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid) excluding carboxyl groups;and    R2=5-30C alicyclic monoamine excluding amino group.    EXAMPLE - 1,2,3-Propyl dicarboxylic acid (in g) (5.28), 2-methyl cyclohexylamine (11.21), triphenyl phosphate (30.69), pyridine (20) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (150) were mixed and reacted at 100 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere for 3 hours, to obtain reaction liquid. The reaction liquid was added to mixture (700 ml) containing isopropyl alcohol and water in the ratio of 1:1, and precipitated. The precipitate was washed, filtered and dried at 110 degrees C, to obtain tris(2-methylcyclohexyl amide)-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylate (11.1) with yield of 80%. The obtained tris(2-methylcyclohexyl amide)-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylate was added to 1 mol/l of lithium perchloric acid fluid containing lithium perchlorate dissolved in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether/ethylene carbonate mixed solution, heated at 180 degrees C for 10 minutes in oil bath and cooled to room temperature, to obtain gelled material. The obtained gelled material has excellent gelatinization ability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The fuel cell system has a humidification unit for humidifying water content. The acidic gas absorption removal agent is arranged in upstream of humidification unit. The air electrode is formed on one surface of polymeric group hydrogen ion conductive electrolytic membrane, and a sulfone group is attached to principal chain of fluorocarbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The substitution degree of other substituents ether-linked with cellulose is 0.5-2.5, preferably 1.5-2.5. The substituents ether-linked with cellulose are methyl, hydroxypropyl or hydroxyethyl group. Preferred Composition: The cured material contains (in wt.%) cellulose ether (4.9-6.1), calcium sulfate dihydride (18-24), calcium hydroxide (44-54) and activated carbon (22-27). The cured material is preferably immersed in aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The functional expander circuit module has a function of Bluetoothwireless connection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filling material is a mixture of two suitable components to form a polyurethane foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tank inner heat reaction chamber is formed of a specific composition of magnesium, calcium, activated carbon, strontium, sodium fluoride, lithium chloride, potassium nitrate, bromine, ferric nitrate, cesium chloride, potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tank inner heat reaction chamber is formed of a specific composition of tetraethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, methoxytriglycol, ethoxytriglycol, diethylene glycol, triethylenetetramine and triethanolammine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic inert solvent is toluene or ethylbenzene. The alcohol solvent is methanol or ethanol. The iodoalkane is methyl iodide, iodoethane, n-propyl iodide, isopropyl iodide or n-butyl iodide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The collector has an absorption tube made of a cross linked elastomeric material such as ethylene propylene diene M-class rubber (EPDM).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The exterior label has a protective layer made of polypropylene film which is bonded with protective layer made of on back surface of protective layer and protective layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolytes are formed from a polymer or a polymer mixture selected from one of polyolefins, polyisobutene, polybutadiene or fluoro elastomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid silane further contains a silane monomer, and a silane polymer in a liquid carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: A membrane electrode assembly consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic membrane provided between the anode and cathode, in which the cathode has an electrode catalyst layer containing the catalyst powder and electroconductive particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The catalyst powder has Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 1-1000 m2/g. Preferred Methods: Alternately, the platinum-free metal-oxide material is obtained by hydrolyzing metal salt or metal complex (C) containing transition metal element (c) and metal salt or metal complex (D) containing transition metal element (d) and heat-processing in oxygen-containing atmosphere, or carrying out oxidation thermal decomposition of organic metal compound (E) containing transition metal element (e) and organic metal compound (F) containing transition metal element (f). Preferred Condition: The heat-processing is carried out at 400-1200 degrees C. Preferred Element: The transition metal elements (b-f) are chosen from niobium, titanium, tantalum, and zirconium, which differ from each other. EXAMPLE - Titanium(IV) 2-ethylhexanoate (in g) (5) and niobium(IV) 2-ethylhexanoate (0.1) were added into a crucible made from an alumina, and oxidation thermal decomposition was carried out. The obtained solid was pulverized, to obtain catalyst powder. The obtained catalyst powder (0.5) and carbon (0.5) were dissolved in a solution (10) containing isopropanol and pure water in weight ratio of 2:1, and the resulting solution was coated on to a glassy-carbon electrode having diameter of 5.2 mm and dried at 50 degrees C for 2 hours, to obtain electrode. The obtained electrode had high oxygen reduction ability and excellent corrosion resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains 0.05-0.5 mass% of alkenyl or alkynyl unsaturated carboxylate ester. Preferred Component: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains a carbonate which has halogenated carbonate or carbon-carbon multiple bond and high molecular compound swollen by the non-aqueous electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery cell may be made of lead and sulfuric acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride, lithium ion, or lithium ion polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The white pigment comprise titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, lithopone and zinc sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fluoropolymer is fluorocopolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and alkyl vinyl ethers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backing further comprises first outer layer of weatherable film (preferably polyester, EVA, polycarbonate, polyolefin, polyurethane, liquid crystal polymer, aclar, aluminum, sputtered aluminum oxide polyester, sputtered silicon dioxide polyester, sputtered aluminum oxide polycarbonate, and sputtered silicon dioxide polycarbonate, sputtered aluminum oxide fluorocopolymer with crosslinkable functional groups, sputtered silicon oxide fluorocopolymer with crosslinkable functional groups). The photoluminescent material is an optical brightener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solid hydroboron is MBH4 and stabilizer is MOH. Content of solid hydroboron or its mixture and stabilizer in the casting film liquid is 0.1-45 wt %.M=alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is N,N-dimethyl ketopyrrolidine, lower alcohol and/or ether and content in casting film is 60-85 wt %. Preferred Process: Evaporation is by naturally evaporating in the air or using forced air current to evaporate for 5 s-20 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Organic high molecular material is polysulfone, polyamide, poly-fluorine and/or polyacrylonitrile. Content of organic high molecular material in the casting film liquid is 3-30 (10-22) wt %.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A layer of tin oxide coating is coated on the surface of the metal pipe through the ultrasonic atomization sedimentation technique. A tin tetrachloride, water steam is taken and heated to the surface of metal heat absorbing pipe to 300-400 degrees centigrade.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flexible counter electrodes contains organic film material comprising transparent polyester, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyformaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, polymethacrylic acid, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polypropylene adipate, polyfluorotetraethylene, and polysulfone.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - (4) Compounds (1) are specifically claimed including compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tertiary carboxylic acid ester is methyl trimethylacetate and/or ethyl trimethylacetate. The alkylene glycol (meth)acrylate is polypropylene glycol diacrylate. The polypropylene glycol diacrylate is present at 2-8 mass parts out of 100 mass parts of the total mass of the non-aqueous solvent and the electrolyte salt. The N,N-dialkyl (meth)acrylamide is N,N-dimethylacrylamide, which is present at 1.7-4 mass parts out of 100 mass parts of the total mass of the non-aqueous solvent and the electrolyte salt. The tertiary carboxylic acid ester in the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent is present at 10-90 vol.% at 25 degrees C and at 1 atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diffusion layer comprises a material selected from carbon, graphite, metal foam, polymer and/or conductive polymer. The electrode comprises flexible graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal foam is selected from nickel and/or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rails and stiles are fabricated from plastic such as glass-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises a crosslinked silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises a first material capable of reacting with water to form hydrogen, a flame retardant and a water-sorbing material. Preferred Components: The fuel comprises at least 40 wt.% of methanol, and the polymer comprises a network of chemical bonds including metals. The first material comprises a hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer forms a network structure, and the fuel is in the network structure. The polymer comprises: a transition metal; a main group metal, which is silicon; a crosslinked silica; crosslinked siloxane; and a crosslinked silane. EXAMPLE - Tetramethoxysilane (21/2 g), 0.1 N sulfuric acid (0.43 g) in water and methanol (27 g) were mixed to form a solution. The solution was placed in a glass vial (100 ml), and the vial was stored in a 60 degrees C oven for 16 hours. The resulting solution was then mixed with 0.1 N potassium hydroxide solution (1.30 g) in water forming a solution. The solution in the vial was then converted into a rigid form after it was stored in a 45 degrees C oven for 24 hours to give a fuel composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer chain is hydrophilic including continuous alkyl group and N-isopropyl acrylamide.
EXAMPLE - An electroconductive paste composition was prepared by mixing (in weight parts) silver powder (93), YD019 (RTM: bisphenol-A epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of 2400-3300 g/equivalent) (3.5), EX830 (RTM: polyethyleneglycol diglycidylether having an epoxy equivalent of 268 g/eq and a viscosity coefficient of 70 mPa.second) (3.5), boron fluoride monoethylamine (0.33), and butylcarbitolacetate (4.3). A wiring pattern formed using the composition had a resistivity of 8.3x 10-6 Omega .cm and excellent peeling resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The active material further contains silicon or silicon compound.Preferred Compound: The positive electrode contains lithium manganate or lithium cobaltate as an active material, preferably lithium cobaltate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent contains linear carbonate or cyclic carbonate.The organic compound is preferably of formulae (2 or 3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The cross-linking polymer is acrylic polymer, and obtained by polymerization using peroxide as a polymerization initiator.Preferred Properties: The layer (a1) has electrode density of preferably 0.8-1.35 g/cm3, more preferably 0.7-1.3 g/cm3.The organic compound has lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of -1.5 to 0 eV, and content of 0.1-5 mass%, preferably 0.1-3 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The power generating unit is made from composite polymers and alloyed steels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fine metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, lead oxide, magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, iridium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, iron titanium oxide, manganese titanium oxide, barium titanium oxide or strontium titanium oxide. Preparation (Claimed): The composite electrolyte is produced by absorbing fine metal oxides in core surface and forming metal oxide adsorbent. Core is removed from the metal oxide adsorbent to obtain hollow particle. The obtained hollow particle is mixed with electrolyte to obtain composite electrolyte. The metal oxide adsorbent is formed by e-beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, laser molecular beam epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, hydride vapor phase epitaxy, electrodeposition method, atomic layer deposition method, metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy, emulsion polymerization method, electrophoresis deposition or dip coating. The core is removed from the metal oxide adsorbent by thermal processing or solution process method. The solution process method utilizes solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvents: The solvent is selected from water, alcohol, acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, diethyl ether or hydrofluoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The core is polymer or its derivative, or silica or its derivative. The polymer is selected from polystyrene, polystyrene or divinylbenzene copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyltoluene, polystyrene or butadiene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The grafted nanoparticles have a respective inorganic core comprising silica. The self-assembled structure comprises inorganic core (1-10 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The brush structure comprises polystyrene having an Mg of 100-120 kDa, or comprises poly(methylmethacrylate) having an Mg of 85 kDa. 25-45 Grafted polymeric organic chains per nanoparticle are provided.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The 5,8-dibromo-2,3-diphenyl-benzo pyrazine monomer is replaced by 10,13-dibromo-dibenzo(a,c)phenazine monomer. The nacarat salmon pink forming (1,4-sec-octyloxy-2,5-diphenyl acetylene-(dibenzo(a,c)phenazine-10,13-dibromo)) ethynylene is obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The carrier body consists of a stainless sheet metal e.g. galvanized steel sheet, aluminum plate or a high-grade steel sheet metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell has solar cell portion such as transparent silicon thin film solar cell, copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cell portion, copper diselinide solar cell portion, cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell portion and transparent solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The substrate material comprises glass, sapphire, or ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The substrate material also comprise semiconductor or metal. The conducting layers are constructed from a conducting transparent oxide, indium tin oxide, or metal. The nanostructure-supporting layer, nanostructure-surrounding layers, and nanostructures are constructed from different photosensitive materials comprising an elemental semiconductor, a III-V alloy semiconductor, or a II-VI alloy semiconductor. The photosensitive materials comprise crystalline, microcrystalline, polycrystalline, or amorphous materials. The amorphous semiconductor is amorphous silicon. The III-V alloy semiconductor is indium phosphide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The substrate material may also be a polymer. The nanostructure-supporting layer, nanostructure-surrounding layers, and nanostructures may also be constructed from different photosensitive materials a photosensitive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first electrochemical bath comprises a nanoparticle. The porous substrate comprises carbon nanotubes. The porous substrate comprises metal oxide nanoparticles. The porous substrate comprises nano-structured elements comprising chemical groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The first metallic ion comprises gold. The second metallic ion comprises platinum, ruthenium or nickel. The first electrochemical bath further comprises materials to codeposit with the reduction of the metallic ion. The second electrochemical bath further comprises salts to be codeposit with the second metallic ion. The second electrochemical bath further comprises nanoparticles to codeposit with the second metallic ion. The first metallic ion comprises platinum and the second metallic ion comprises ruthenium. The catalyst comprises nickel, platinum or ruthenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The process (P1) further involves additional step of depositing a polymer coating over the nanoclusters; and depositing a metallic coating over the nanoclusters. The process (P1) further involves: depositing an activating layer on top of the porous structure to activate the porous structure for reduction of the first electrochemical bath. In process (P2), the porous substrate comprises a polymer. Preferred Components: The porous substrate comprises a polymer substrate. The porous substrate comprises a naturally occurring polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low melting point metal based material comprises indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Alternately, the aqueous-based paste comprises a fluorine-containing ether carboxylic compound of formula: F(CF2)nO(CF(X)CF2O)mCF(Y')COOA.X,Y'=fluoro or perfluoroalkyl;n=2-10;andm=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymers: The binder is aqueous dispersion liquid of (non)crystalline fluorine-containing polymer added as the aqueous dispersion liquid and/or emulsion stabilizer which emulsion polymerized the fluorine-containing ether carboxylic compound as an emulsifier. The crystalline fluorine-containing polymer is crystalline homopolymer or crystalline copolymer having unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and perfluoro alkyl or perfluoroalkyl oxyalkyl vinyl ether of formula: CF2=C(ORf)aF2-a. The non-crystalline fluorine-containing polymer is formed using component derived from ethylene, propylene and alkyl or alkyloxyalkyl vinyl ether of formula: CH2=CHOR.Rf=perfluoro alkyl oxyalkyl or 1-8C perfluoro alkyl having ether linkage (both are linear, branched or cyclic);R=alkyl oxyalkyl or 1-8C alkyl having ether linkage (both are linear, branched or cyclic);anda=1 or 2.Preferred Property: The fluorine-containing ether carboxylic compound has content of 0.0005 mass% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymeric cross-linked component has tertiary amine structure of formula (1) and hydroxyl-type quaternary ammonium salt structure of formula (2).R1-R4,R1',R2'=H, halo, 1-10C alkyl or hydroxyl;R5-R8,R3'-R6'=H, halo, methyl or ethyl;a,b=0-10;p=0 or 1;a+b+p=1 or more;Z=-NH-, -N(CH3)-, 1,4-piperazinylene, -NH-(CH2)3-NH-, -NH(CH2)4-NH-, -O-, -O-(CH2)2-O-, -O-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-, -O-(CH2)2-(O-CH2-CH2)n-O-, 3-methyl-2,6-pyridyl group, 4-methyl-2,6-pyridyl, 2,6-pyridyl group, 2,5-pyridyl group or -CH(OH)-;n=0 or more;andX1-,X2-=hydroxide ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The intermediate insulation polymeric board consists of polyamide, polyimide, phenol resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro-alkyl vinyl ether copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electroconductive porous body is a foam metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal electrode contains silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium, and nickel. The transparent electrode thin film is formed from a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, tin oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide-antimony oxide and/or zinc oxide-aluminum oxide. The photoelectric transducer contains crystalline-silicon layer or amorphous-silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat or photocurable transparent adhesive contains 5-50 mass parts of polymerizable monomer such as (meth)acrylate compound with respect to 100 mass parts of a polyester unsaturated compound such as unsaturated polyester resin or saturated-polyester resin with a (meth)acryloyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer comprises a metal is selected from cobalt, nickel, titanium, platinum, molybdenum, zirconium, chromium, palladium, aluminum, silver, gold, iridium, erbium, dysprosium, copper, tantalum, hafnium and tungsten. The metal silicide layer comprises nickel silicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The monomer (A) or polymer (D) is of formula: S1-(Rf1-E1)m-Rf4-S2. The monomer (B) or polymer (E) is of formula: S3-(Rf2-Ar)n-Rf3-S4. The monomer (C) is of formula: X-(Rf1-E1)m-Rf5-X. The polymer (F) is of formula: X-(Rf2-Ar)n-Rf6-X.S1-S4=(-NZ1Z2), -SO2NZ1Z2, -SO2X, -CONZ1Z2 or -COX;Z1,Z2=H, M or trimethyl silyl;M=metallic element;andX=halogen or OH, preferably halogen, boronic acid, boronic acid cyclic ester. Preferred Definitions:    E1,E2=(-(SO2NM)i3SO2-);    i3=1 or more;and    Ar=benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, naphthacene, pentacene, phenanthrene, pyrene, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, carbazole, oxazole, oxathiazole, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, tetraphenyl, terphenyl, biphenyl, fluorene, stilbene or their derivative.    EXAMPLE - A perfluoro sulfonamide was obtained using 4,4'-Diiodo biphenyl, copper bronze, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate. Then, the obtained perfluoro sulfonamide and perfluorosulfonyl fluoride were polymerized, to obtain electrolyte. The obtained electrolyte had excellent proton conductivity and heat resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The optically transparent material also contains glass or quartz glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The optically transparent window contains plexiglass, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide or alumina. The light absorbing and light emitting semiconductor component has a protective coating of oxide, particularly alumina or plastic film, for e.g. polyimide or polytetrafluoroethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optically transparent material contains epoxy resin, silicone resin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate or thermoplastic plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protection cover is formed using plastic chosen from polyfluoroacetylene (PFA), polyether sulfone (PES) and modified polypropylene (PP), rubber chosen from ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) and styrene-butadiene, or resident chosen from proxy resin and phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A non-woven film is formed with the polypropylene, and the polyethylene terephthalate or the polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The noble metal layer is made of material selected from rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, iridium, platinum and gold. The adhesion layer is made of material selected from a group consisting of aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chrome, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, niobium, ruthenium, hafnium, tantalum and tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The copper foil is used as anode current collector in the anode sheet taking micron-size cobalt oxide as anode material. The step of separating the cobalt nanoparticles comprises peeling and removing copper foil in anode sheet after electrochemical reaction to obtain the electrochemical reaction product of the micron-size cobalt oxide, immersing the electrochemical reaction product of the micron-size cobalt oxide in diethyl carbonate solution to remove the residual electrolyte solution, and performing centrifugal washing by using N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone, diluted hydrochloric acid solution (lower than 0.01 mol/l) and anhydrous ethanol in turn to obtain black solid product which is cobalt nanoparticles. Preferred Parameters: The electrochemical discharging process has discharge current density of 0.03-0.5 mA/cm2 and the discharging temperature of 0-70 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The micron-size cobalt oxide is micron-size powdered material of cobalt oxides of formula Co3O4 or CoO. The electrolyte solution is 1 mol/l lithium hexafluorophosphate solution. Preferred Parameters: The anode sheet has thickness of 200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is mixed solution of diethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate at volume ratio of 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The isolating film is Celgard 2400(RTM: polyethylene microporous film).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The work electrode is stainless steel sheet or platinum sheet or gold sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supporting electrolyte is dodecyl sodium benzene sulfonate or toluene sodium sulfonate. The organic dye is methylene blue or indigo carmine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supporting electrolyte is lithium perchlorate, sodium sulfate or para-toluene sulfonic acid sodium salt. The reference electrode in three-electrode is saturated calomel electrode. The platinum sheet is counter electrode. The working electrode is stainless steel sheet, platinum sheet or gold sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic dye is methylene blue or indigo carmine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particle powder includes IB-VIIA group element, IIIA-VIIA group element or IB-IIIA-VIIA group element. The IB-VIIA group element is copper selenide and the IIIA-VIIA group element is indium selenide or gallium selenide. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY- Preferred Compounds: The mixed solvent is selected from ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanediol, alpha -terpineol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, tert.-butanol, glycerol or polyethylene glycol. The binder is a mixed binder of alcohol, where the alcohol is glycerol. The dispersing medium is selected from Disperbyk(RTM: Solution of an alkylolammonium salt of a polyfunctional polymer) 181, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, TEGO(RTM: Wetting and dispersing additive for waterborne formulations) 735W, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene oxide modified phenol or TEGO(RTM: Wetting and dispersing additive) 715W.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is also a mixed binder of glycol polymer, where the glycol polymer is polyethylene glycol. The dispersing medium optionally selected from cellulose, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide polymer or low-molecular-weight polycarboxylic acid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell unit is made of non-crystalline silicon thin film, copper-indium-gallium-selenium thin film or cadmium telluride cell. The thin film is deposited on the polyester film substrate or metal foil substrate. The bus bar contains material chosen from copper foil, silver foil, modified copper foil or modified silver foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyester film substrate contains polyimide film or polyurethane film. The metal foil substrate contains stainless steel foil or aluminum foil. The cover film contains polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or fluoroethylene polymer on polymer film. The adhesive layer contains thermosetting material chosen from ethylene vinyl acetate film and transparent silicon resin. The substrate film contains material chosen from polyimide, fluoroethylene polymer, polyethylene naphthalate polymer film and foam polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer is chosen from polyfluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer and/or polytrifluorochloroethylene. The polytrimethylene terephthalate intermediated layer comprises polytrimethylene terephthalate and 0-30 weight% of polyethylene terephthalate. A solar cell plate is formed using the laminated film comprising front plate including fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer and liquid crystal polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The flexible substrate is ultra thin glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The substrate is prepared by ultrasonically washing flexible substrate with washing agent, acetone solution, ethyl alcohol solution and deionized water and drying washed flexible substrate. The adhesive is mixed with ethyl alcohol in a weight ratio of 1:10 to obtain a mixture. The mixture is stirred for 20 hours. The mixture is coated on surface of the flexible substrate through spin coating, where rotation speed is 2000-30000 revolutions per second. The surface of substrate is cured with ultraviolet light for 30 seconds. The substrate is put in a vacuum chamber, and a transparent conductive film is coated on surface of the substrate at room temperature by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The substrate is cured by conductive film with ultraviolet light for 60 seconds again. Transmittance and conductivity of the substrate are tested. Preferred Components: The flexible substrate is metal foil. The adhesive layer is a single-layer structure, a double-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The double-layer structure comprises a bottom adhesive layer, which is prepared on the flexible substrate and a top adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is prepared at the bottom. The multi-layer structure is includes M double-layer structures or N single-layer structures, where M is greater than 1 and less than 100, and N is greater than 1 and less than 200.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flexible substrate is polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing (mole) dibromide containing monomer (1), salt monomer of N-alkyl substituted dithieno(3,2-b:2','- d)thiophene (1.02), tris(dibenzalacetone)dipalladium (0.02) and ligand triphenyl phosphorus (0.16); introducing 99.999% nitrogen; adding toluene as solvent; controlling concentration of dibromide containing monomer at 0.005-0.4 mol/l in the presence of argon; heating the obtained mixture at 120?oC for 48 hours; adding 4-bromotoluene (0.2 mole); stirring continuously for 12 hours; adding methanol; filtering; extracting collected polymers in a Soxhlet extractor employing an acetone, n - hexane and chloroform; adding methanol; and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar battery is sealed and packed by PVC film, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The resistance card is made from polymer filled nickel powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel distribution system comprises PEEK (RTM: high temperature resistant engineered thermoplastic of victrex plc), polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polyimide, polyether imide, cyclic olefin polymer, polyphenylene sulfide or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solid polymer electrolyte further comprises inorganic charges comprising silica and metal oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The portion of the second polymer remains crystalline or vitreous in the solid polymer electrolyte thus increasing mechanical strength of the solid polymer electrolyte. This portion of the second polymer is dispersed in a miscible phase of the solid polymer electrolyte. The solid polymer electrolyte has Young modulus of 2-5 MPa. Preferred Materials: The second polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) copolymer or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymer. The first polymer is polyether or polyethylene oxide (PEO) based polymer or copolymer. The solid polymer electrolyte further comprises third polymer or copolymer comprising PVDF-HFP and PMMA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Cell: When the cell comprises hyperpolarizable molecule layer, then the hyperpolarizable molecule layer comprises several hyperpolarizable molecules that are either covalently bonded to the n-type electrode layer and ionically bonded to the p-type electrode layer; or each include an acid group that protonates the p-type electrode layer; or that each comprise an electron donor group and an electron acceptor group joined by a conjugated moiety; or each comprise a chromophoric group; or comprises 3-hydroxy-((2-hydroxy-4-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)-diazenyl)-2-naphthoic acid or 4-((2,4-dihydoxyphenyl)diazenyl)-3-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, or at least some of the hyperpolarizable molecules comprise diaryl azo compound of formula (I), diaryl azo compound of formula (II) or diaryl ethene compound of formula (III). When the cell comprises hyperpolarizable molecules disposed between the p-type electrode and n-type electrode, then at least some of the hyperpolarizable molecules each comprising an electron donating group that is linked to the n-type electrode and an electron accepting group that is linked to the p-type electrode. When the cell comprises hyperpolarizable molecule layer, then the p-type electrode layer comprises doped emeraldine base, the n-type electrode comprises a polymer that accepts an electron from the electron donating group, and the p-type electrode comprises a polymer that can provide an electron to the electron accepting group. When the cell comprises transparent base layer, then at least some of the hyperpolarizable molecules comprise either the compound (I), 3-hydroxy-((2-hydroxy-4-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)-diazenyl)-2-naphthoic acid or 4-((2,4-dihydoxyphenyl)diazenyl)-3-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid.R1 and R2=carboxyl or hydroxyl;R3=absent or conjugated ring structure;R4=acidic group;R5=absent or hydroxyl;R6=CN, COOH, COOR, CONR2 or CONHR2;R7=OH, OR, OCOR, NH2, NHR or NR2;R=alkyl;n=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is a polymer solution in which molten polymer or polymer is dissolved in the solvent. The polymer is polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: A fuel cell has layer comprising electrode catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: Crystal orientation ratio of peak intensity (220) of (220) plane with respect to sum of peak intensity (111) of (111) plane and peak intensity (200) of (200) plane of catalyst component thin film is more than 1 measured by X-ray diffraction. The support has specific surface area of 10-500 m2/g. Preferred Components: The catalyst component thin film contains platinum or platinum-containing alloy. The support is chosen from carbon material, conductive polymer, electro-conductive material and metal material. Preferred Method: The catalyst thin film is formed by solution reduction electrodeposition, electrodeposition, vacuum deposition, sputtering and chemical vapor deposition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The air permeability in moisture retention layer of fuel cell is measured according to JISP-8117 standard. The water vapor transmission rate in polyethylene porous film is measured according to JISL1099-A1 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic layer comprises glassy layer(s), which comprises sputtered glassy layer(s). It comprises a self-supporting flexible glassy layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The photovoltaic module includes a flexible polymer layer supporting the glassy layer and the electrically conductive wire or trace; and an adhesive layer (6) that adheres the transparent barrier to the first and second photovoltaic cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The moisture barrier film comprises silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon oxy-nitride, aluminum oxy-nitride, amorphous or polycrystalline silicon carbide, transparent ceramics, and carbon doped oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The moisture barrier film comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyimide, parylene, benzocyclobutene, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The active layers comprise silicon, germanium, cadmium telluride, copper indium diselenide, copper indium gallium diselenide, and group (III-V) semiconductors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active layers comprise light absorbing polymer, light absorbing dye and polymers having light absorbing nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The first anchor group comprises thiol moiety or amine moiety. The second anchor group comprises carboxylic acid moiety or phosphonic acid moiety. The rigid bridge molecule comprises a conjugated molecule that is functionalized by the first and second anchor groups. Some of the rigid bridge molecules of the bridge molecule layer are bicyclic molecules comprising from one or more of 5 compounds, e.g. a group of Formula (I)-(III). Some of the rigid bridge molecules comprise 3-mercaptoacrylic acid and 2-mercapto-2-propenoic acid. Some of the rigid bridge molecules are cyclic molecules comprising 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine, isonicotinic acid, 3-mercaptobenzoic acid, isonicotinic acid, 4,5-disulfanylanthracene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 2-benzothiazole, catechol, methyl catechol, and alizarin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The electron conductor layer comprises a n-type semiconductor. The hole conductor layer comprises a conductive polymer, an electrolyte, and a p-type conductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In (I), at least some of: the quantum dot anchor comprises a primary, secondary or tertiary amine compound of formula (R3-N(R1)-R2), a nitrogen containing cyclic compound of formula (R11=N-R22), or a diazo compound of formula (R-N=NH2+); and the electron conductor anchor groups comprise a carboxylic acid moiety or a phosphonic acid moiety. The electron rich quantum dot anchors are preferably butylamine, dibutylamine, tributylamine, decylamine, 1-methylbutylamine, cyclohexylamine, pyridine, pyrrole, indole, carbazole or triphenylamine.Either R1-R3 = H, alkyl or cycloalkyl; orR1R2 = ring, when R3 is H, and N has a p orbital that is perpendicular to a Sp2 plane;R11R22 = ring; andR = aliphatic or aromatic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: The anode active material per unit area on one surface of the anode is greater than or equal to 3.8 mg/cm2 and less than or equal to 4.4 mg/cm2. The capacity of the anode per unit area on one surface of the anode is greater than or equal to 0.8 mAh/cm2 and less than or equal to 1.2 mAg/cm2. The discharge end-point potential of the anode in the charge/discharge cycle is 0.5 V versus Li/Li+ or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode contains 10-40 wt.% graphite with d002 of greater than or equal to 0.335 nm and less than or equal to 0.34 nm. The cathode active material is LixMnaNibCocMdO2.a=0.1-0.4;b=0.4-0.7;c=0-0.2;d=0-0.1; ora+b+c+d=1; andx=1-1.1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte contains an aromatic compound. EXAMPLE - A cathode sheet and an anode sheet were cut each into a predetermined size, and current collector tabs were attached by supersonic welding to non-coated portions on both ends of the electrode respectively. The cathode current collector tab was made of aluminum and the anode current collector tab was made of nickel. Using the cathode and the anode, the cathode and the anode were combined such that the weight ratio of the cathode active material to the anode active material was 1.3-1.7. Then, a porous polyethylene film was sandwiched between the cathode and the anode and wound into a cylindrical shape. The wound body was inserted to a battery casing, the anode tab was connected to the bottom of-the battery casing by resistance welding and, on the other hand, a cathode tab was connected to the inner side of a lid by supersonic welding. An electrolyte formed by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (1 mol/L) into a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 1:2 was poured and, a lid was caulked to the battery casing for sealing, to obtain lithium ion batteries.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal halide comprises lithium, sodium or potassium, or chlorine, fluorine, or iodine. The alkali metal halide, aluminum halide and zinc halide, comprise a common halide selected from chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine (preferably chloride). The composition further comprises an additive selected from sulfide, iodide or fluoride. The alkali metal halide, aluminum halide, and zinc halide are present in a molar ratio 1+x:1:y (where x is 0.1-10, and y is 0.2-0.75 or 0.75-1 or 1-2). The ionic resistivity of the ternary electrolyte at 350-500 degrees C is 1.6 ohm centimeter. Preferred Device: The cathodic material comprises zinc, copper, iron, or nickel (preferably zinc, copper, or zinc and copper, especially zinc). The cathodic material further comprises chromium, tin or antimony. The separator is an alkali-metal-ion conductor and comprises at alkali-metal-beta-alumina, alkali-metal-beta-alumina, alkali-metal-beta-gallate or alkali-metal-beta-gallate. The separator is resistant to infiltration of zinc ions from the zinc halide into the separator. The device (D1) further comprises a wicking current collector that is wet out by the ternary electrolyte. The device (D1) has a power-to-energy ratio of 1 (hour-1) to 10 (hour-1). Preferred System: The system further comprises a battery management controller configured to operate the system at 350-500 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The resin material is polyphenylene sulfide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer is poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) or poly-3-hexylthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparing gel-type ionic liquid/polymer electrolyte of lithium ion battery comprises: (a) dissolving the high-molecular polymer in organic solvent and stirring the mixture at room temperature until the solution settles out; (b) adding imidazole ionic liquid to the solution obtained in (a) and stirring the mixture uniformly; (c) adding lithium salt to the solution in (b) and stirring the mixture to obtain transparent and homogeneous liquid gel; and (d) pouring the liquid gel to the polyfluortetraethylene die, vacuum-drying the die for 24-72 hours at 50-100 degrees C and taking off the die to obtain gel-type ionic liquid/polymer electrolyte of lithium ion battery; where the mass ratio of high-molecular polymer to organic solvent in (a) is 1:5-30, the mass ratio of imidazole ionic liquid in (b) to high-molecular polymer in (a) is 1-2:1 and the mass ratio of lithium salt to imidazole ionic liquid is 1:0.01-6. Preferred Components: The high-molecular polymer is one or mixture of two of polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene), polyoxyethylene, polypyrrole and methyl methacrylate. The imidazole ionic liquid is hexafluorophosphoric acid 1-methyl-3 ethyl imidazole, perchloric acid 1-methyl-3 ethyl imidazole, fluoroboric acid 1-methyl-3 ethyl imidazole or bi(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imine 1-methyl-3 ethyl imidazole. Preferred Salt: The lithium salt is one or mixture of two of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, or bi(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imine lithium. Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent in (a) is N-methyl pyrrolidone, acetonitrile, acetone, N-methyl amide or tetrahydrofuran.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - (4) Compounds (1) are specifically claimed including compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The functional layer is made of silicon dioxide, aluminum dioxide, or silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar battery is comprised of phosphorus, gallium and indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat radiation layer is made of copper or mixing material of aluminum and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The gas barrier layer is chosen form metal, metal oxide, metal nitride, silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silicon-oxy nitride (SiON)    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gas barrier layer is chosen form silicon type resin, fluorine resin, melamine type-resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin and phosphazene type-resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer has hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, ether linkage and/or ester bond. The binder is polyacrylic acid or polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte membrane is polymer electrolyte membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The holding and collection chambers are housed inside an enclosed, extruded structure constructed from heat resistant material like fiber glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The condensate collected in the collection chamber is treated desalinated fresh water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The holding and collection chambers are housed inside an enclosed, extruded structure constructed from heat resistant material like polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The structure is superposed on a substrate comprising glass or optical glass type BK7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thin film comprises aluminum, silver, gold, copper, platinum, tungsten, titanium, hafnium, tantalum, lanthanum, lead, tin, iron and/or its alloy. The structure is superposed on a substrate comprising silicon, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, germanium, silica, fused silica, silicon dioxide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, gallium nitride, indium nitride, gallium indium nitride, gallium aluminum arsenide, indium antimonide, mercury cadmium telluride, mercury telluride, sapphire cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, sapphire, quartz, glass, elastomer, polymer and/or crystalline powder. The aperture is filled with silica, silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, polycrystalline silicon or hafnium oxide. The device further comprises a passivation layer comprising polymer, plastic, oxide, and/or glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Materials: The solder comprises glass comprising bismuth oxide, silver oxide, aluminum oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, tin oxide, or preferably lead oxide, zinc oxide, or boron oxide. Preferred Composition: The glass comprises (wt.%) lead oxide (55-65), boron oxide (5-15) and zinc oxide (15-25). Preferred Parameters: The solder glass has thermal expansion coefficient of 1 (preferably 0.5) ppm of the that of the piece(s) of glass, melting temperature of less than or equal to 70 (preferably less than or equal to 500) degrees C    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: A polymer encapsulating layer is located between one piece of glass and photovoltaic cell. The bottom side of one piece of glass and a top side of the photovoltaic cell are coated with anti-reflective coating. An enhancing layer is applied to the piece(s) of glass. The solder further comprises thermal expansion coefficient adjusting filler; and is provided in a medium solvent such as solvent and/or binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler comprises silicon dioxide, zirconium-silicon oxide, zinc oxide and/or metallic phosphate. The solder comprises glass and metal (preferably tin and bismuth), and is free of lead. The enhancing layer comprises chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The heating step is carried out at 200-700 (preferably 300-500) degrees C, and comprises applying heat only at or near the solder contact area through directed light heating or infrared heating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer encapsulating layer comprises ethyl vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the nitrogen-compensating treatment involves heat treating the carbon-based MNx centre catalyst material in ammonia (NH3) or nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing metal complex having the MNx chelate structure comprises at least one kind of macrocyclic compound selected from porphyrin (PP) or its derivatives, phthalocyanine (Pc) or its derivatives, and tetraazaannulene (TAA) or its derivatives, where at least one kind of transition metal selected from iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and palladium (Pd) is coordinated as the metal; and platinum group element, or a platinum-group element and another element are coordinated as the metal. EXAMPLE - Tetramethylporphyrin, iron oxalates (FeC2O4), and sulfur having molar ratio of 1:22:8 were mixed in a mortar. The mixture was sintered in an inert gas atmosphere at 450 degrees C for 1 hour. After cooling, the mixture was dipped in 1N hydrochloric acid for 12 hours. After filtering and washing, the mixture was vacuum-dried to form CoTMPP/FeOx/S catalyst. The catalyst was subjected to nitrogen compensating treatment to obtain CoTMPP/FeOx/S catalyst (test). The catalyst was heated at 750 degrees C for 30 minutes in an ammonium (NH3) atmosphere. The CoTMPP/FeOx/S catalyst prior to nitrogen-compensating treatment was used as comparative. The electricity generating performance of the test/comparative CoTMPP/FeOx/S catalyst was tested. It was found that electricity generating performance was improved in high-potential region by the test catalyst that was subjected to nitrogen-compensating treatment as compared to comparative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The water-repelling treatment comprises fluorinating carbon functional groups in the pyrolyzed catalyst, or dissolving pyrolyzed catalyst and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline in water-isobutanol mixture; adding aqueous solution of tetrafluoroboric acid to produce a pentafluorophenyl diazonium salt; adding isobutylnitrile, heating, and stirring; and vacuum-drying after filtering and washing. Preferred Components: The pyrolyzed catalyst is prepared from carbon-based center catalyst material containing macrocyclic compound. The macrocyclic compound is porphyrin (derivative), phthalocyanine (derivatives), or tetraazaannulene (derivatives). The transition metal is iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, copper, manganese, or palladium coordinated as the metal. The support does not comprise carbon material. EXAMPLE - A tetramethyl porphyrin cobalt complex/iron oxide/sulfur catalyst was prepared by mixing transition metal porphyrin, iron oxalate, and sulfur in a mortar, calcining the mixture in an inert gas atmosphere at 450 degrees C for 1 hour and at 750 for 1 hour, filtering and washing, vacuum drying the mixture, subjecting the mixture to carbon dioxide treatment at 750 degrees C for 30 minutes, dissolving 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline (3 mmol) and carbon-based center catalyst material (3.5 g) in isobutanol-water mixture (5 ml/15 ml), and adding aqueous solution of tetrafluoroboric acid (48 pts. wt.), heating the mixture to 50 degrees C, adding isobutyl nitrile (3 mmol), stirring the mixture for 90 minutes at 50 degrees C, filtering and washing the mixture, and vacuum drying the mixture, fluorinating the hydrocarbon groups on the surface of the catalyst to lose its hydrophilicity and exhibited water repellency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder or matrix material comprises a polymer, ceramic, glass, metal, carbon, polymeric carbon, asphalt, tar, coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, and/or mesophase pitch (preferably unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyimide resins, bismaleimide resins, polyurethane resins, thermoplastic resins, and/or pyrolyzed resins).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic compound is magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, lithium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH).nH2O) where n is number of water molecules, aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum ethanolate, yttrium phosphate, zirconyl phosphate, zirconium phosphate, aluminum nitrate, lithium aluminates, magnesium oxide, magnesium aluminates, barium titanate, cobalt aluminates, lithium silicate, lithium tetraborate, lithium molybdate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum orthophosphate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum oxide.aluminum orthophosphate (Al2O3.AlPO4), lithium zirconate and/or aluminum oxide.aluminum hydroxide (Al2O3.Al(OH)3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound comprises polypropylene and/or aromatic polyamides of poly(phenylene terephthalamide), poly(benzamide), poly(4,4'-benzanilideterephthalamide), poly(phenylene-4,4'-biphenylene dicarbonic acid amide), poly(phenylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarbonic acid amide), poly(2-chlorophenyleneterephthalamide) or phenylene terephthalamide/2,6-dichlorophenylene terephthalamide copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium perfluorobutane sulfonate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium aluminate (LiAlO4), lithium aluminum tetrachloride, lithium nitride sulfur dioxide compound of formula (LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)), lithium chloride and/or lithium iodide. The lithium salt is present at 0.6-2 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first additive compound (0.01-3 (preferably 0.01-0.5) wt.%) is 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and/or 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone. The carbonate solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and/or butylene carbonate. The carbonate solvent is a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is a phenyl compound of formula (C), preferably benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, trifluorotoluene and/or xylene. The second carbonate-based additive compound is fluoroethylene carbonate. The electrolyte further comprises vinylene carbonate or its derivative.x, y = natural numbers;R2 = halogen radicals or 1-10C alkyls; andn = 0-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the lithium salt is 0.5 to 2.0 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The radical initiator is a compound of formula (III). Preferred Components: The reduction potential of the radical initiator is higher than a reduction potential of the polymerizable monomer. The amount of the radical initiator is 0.1 to 5 wt.% and the amount of the polymerizable monomer is 0.1 to 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the organic electrolytic solution. The organic solvent is at least one of a high dielectric constant solvent and/or a solvent having a low boiling point. The high dielectric constant solvent is at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and/or gamma -butyrolactone. The solvent having a low boiling point is at least one of dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, and/or fatty acid ester derivatives. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5-Trifluoromethyl-5H-furan-2-one (IIa) is specified as (II).    EXAMPLE - 4-Nitrobenzodiazonium tetrafluoroborate (1 wt.%), as a radical initiator and a lactone of 5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-2-pentenoic acid (IV) (3 wt.%), as a polymerizable monomer, were added to propylene carbonate. As a lithium salt, 1.0 M LiClO4 was used. Thus, an organic electrolytic solution (test) was obtained. Similarly an organic electrolytic solution (control) was also prepared in the same manner except that 4-nitrobenzodiazonium tetrafluoroborate as the radical initiator was not added. By using both the test and control solutions, coin cells were manufactured and their charge-discharge efficiencies were measured. The result showed that the cell prepared with the test solution showed a charge-discharge efficiency of 83.79% whereas the cell prepared with the control solution showed a charge-discharge efficiency of 71.11%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion material comprises photosensitization layer having photosensitizer formed on electron donor layer, and electric charge layer which is formed on photosensitization layer. The electron donor layer and electric charge carrying layer contain spherical-shell-formed carbon. The spherical-shell-formed carbon is chosen from modified form of fullerene and metal content of fullerene. The photosensitizer is ( pi )-electron-type compound chosen from porphyrin, metal chelate compound, polyaniline, aromatic compound and compound having polyacene-type structure. Preferred Property: The density of spherical-shell-formed carbon in electron donor layer is smaller than electric charge carrying layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Adhesive: The adhesive is PTFE, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polypropyleneglycol, and/or polyvinylidenefluoride. Preferred Membrane: The membrane is polyethylene felt, modified polypropylene felt, superfine glass fiber felt, vinylon felt, composite membrane of nylon felt and wettable polyolefin microporous film, polyethylene-polypropylene-polyethylene composite membrane, or polypropylene membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing region is provided with a heat sealable coating (22), which is formed from plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride or poly-difluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coupling material comprises ethyl vinyl acetate material, polyvinyl alcohol material or amphiphilic polyurethane material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The sheet of material is a glass material (e.g. Solite Asahi glass).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optically transparent material is selected from ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or amphoteric polyurethane (APU).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The 15 mass% of carbon black-water dispersion has surface tension of 65-73 mN/m. Preferred Composition: The content of carbon black is 1-100 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of composite complex. EXAMPLE - Methyl triethoxysilane (in mass parts) (6.5), dimethyl diethoxysilane (10), X40-9220 (RTM: methyl trimethoxysilane) (23.9), methyl methacrylate (27.5), n-butyl acrylate (14.5), diacetone acrylamide (4), 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate (10), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2.4), dimethylacrylamide (0.5), methacrylate (0.6), KH-10 (RTM: sodium dodecyl benzoyl hydroperoxide) (6), calcium persulfate (11), acrylic acid (2) and water (224) were stirred and emulsified. Then, aqueous acrylic acid solution was added and hydrolysis and condensation reaction was performed, to obtain emulsion. The obtained emulsion was injected to flask, potassium persulfate was added and polymerization reaction was performed, to obtain composite complex. The obtained composite complex and carbon black having average particle diameter of 100 nm were mixed, to obtain aqueous coating material. The obtained aqueous coating material had excellent adhesiveness, moisture resistance, weather resistance, light-shielding property and bending tolerance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The bottom portion of gas liquor separator is provided with permeable baffle plate, on which foam metal is filled. The foam metal is foam nickel, foam iron, foam copper or foam nickel copper. The air outlet is provided with an alkaline removal device. The alkaline removal device is provided with molecular sieve, absorbent cotton, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, activated carbon, allochroic silica gel and ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O). The molecular sieve is chosen from 3A molecular sieve, 4A molecular sieve, 5A molecular sieve, I3X HP molecular sieve, 13X PG molecular sieve, 13 APG molecular sieve and/or XH-5 molecular sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acids: The acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acids: The acid is acetic acid. The hydrogen-ion-conductive macromolecule includes cation exchanger selected from sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphate group or their derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-ion-conductive macromolecule is selected from fluorine-based polymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide polymer, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone or polyphenyl quinoxaline. The dimorphism material is made of polyalkylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, polyolefin or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvents: The solvent of solution in the spreader is N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, tetrahydrofuran or ketones.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer 1 is polyfluortetraethylene or its copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride or its copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene glycol oxide, polyvinyl chloride or polyacrylonitrile, where copolymer monomer is polyhexafluoropropylene or tetrafluoroethylene. The polymer 2 is polymethylmethacrylate modified by maleic anhydrides, polyvinylidene fluoride modified by maleic anhydrides or chloride-acetate resin. The support body is polyethylene, polypropylene film or non-woven fabrics film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the lead-free glass binder, one or more than one of the alkali metal oxide Na2O, Li2O, the total content of the alkali metal oxide is 1-20%. The transition metal oxide ZrO2, TiO2, V2O5, the total content of the transition metal oxide is 1-10%. The binder is added with Al2O3, ZnO, the content is respectively 1-10% and 1-20%. The trivalent metal organic compound, e.g. boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In) organic compound, its content is 0.05-5%. The organic resin used by the lead-free paste is colophony, ethyl cellulose, pyroxylin, polyvinyl butyral, and propenol and its content is 2-15%. The organic addition agent used by the lead-free paste comprises thixotropic agent, flatting agent, surfactant, and foam killer, the content of the organic addition agent is 2-10%. The organic solvent used by the lead-free paste is turpentine oil, terpilenol, cyclohexanone, castor oil, dibutyl phthalate, and ethers and its content is 10-25%. Preparation: Manufacturing the environment-friendly aluminum paste comprises: (a) preparing the organic carrier, weighting the organic macromolecule resin, its weight is 2-15% of the raw material weight, weighting the solvent and its weight is 10-25% of the raw material weight, heating the macromolecule resin to 80-100 degrees C until the resin is dissolved to obtain the organic carrier; (b) preparing the paste, mixing the aluminum conductive powder according to the 50-80% of the raw material weight with the organic carrier obtained in (a), 2-10% of organic addition agent, 0.05-5% of transition metal oxide and 1-10% lead-free glass binder; (c) processing the environment-friendly aluminum electrode silver paste, milling the mixed raw material obtained in (b) on the three-roller grinding mill to obtain the even dispersive paste, the paste granularity is less than 15 mu m, the viscosity coefficient is 25000-45000 mPa.s (25 degrees C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive agent is acetylene black, conductive graphite, copper powder, silver powder or rare earth metal powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The esterification graft substance is n-butyl bromide, 2-amino-1-butanol, aminopyridine, ethylenediamine, octadecylamine, dimethylformamide or long-chain alkyl group. The phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, diethyl ethanol ammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or silyl quaternary ammonium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The phase transfer catalyst is polyethylene glycol or polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell includes semiconductor layer comprising polythiophene and fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PVC or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass plate is a silicate glass plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic phosphor comprises a composition of Y3-x-y-z-pGdxCeyLupNd5Al5O12, where the active ion Ce3+ is within the local radiation lambda =510-720 nm and the active ion Nd3+ is within the local radiation lambda =920-1100 nm. The inorganic phosphor of the spectrum converter has the volume of 0.005-0.025, and the light quantum efficiency of the inorganic phosphor is 0.8-0.95 when activated by a short-wave.x=0.001-0.30;y=0.001-0.1;z=0.0005-0.05; andp=0.0005-0.1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The spectrum converter comprises an ethyl acetoacetate polymer film. A polymer film is sandwiched between the single crystal silicon chip and the spectrum converter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent light conversion layer is an oxygen-containing polymer layer with polycarbonate, and/or polysiloxane, and acrylate polymer as its substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Diluted alkaline solution comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulation material layer is formed using rubber-like elastic component and inorganic additive containing silica and/or alumina. The rubber-like elastic component contains styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber particle and/or acrylate unit as binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The air permeability in moisture keeping layer of fuel cell is measured according to JISP-8117 standard. The water vapor transmission rate in polyethylene porous film is measured according to JISL1099-A1 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: The lithium ion secondary cell is formed with a container consisting of laminate films.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The compound having group 3 element is of formula: R1-M1(-R3)-R2, and the compound having group 4 element is of formula: R5-M2(-R4)(-R6)-R7.M1=group 3 element;R1-R7=alkoxy, halo, RfSO3-, (RfSO2)2N-, or (RfSO2)3C-;Rf=hydrocarbyl in which hydrogen atom(s) is substituted by fluoro;andM2=group 4 element.Preferred Composition: The concentration of compound containing group 3 element and/or group 4 element is 0.1-5 mass%. The mass ratio of polymer and non-aqueous electrolyte is 1:5-1:40. The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains a carbonate having carbon-carbon multiple bond, preferably vinylene carbonate, and a halogenated carbonate, preferably fluoroethylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The physical cross-linkable polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The nitroxide radical polymer is of formula (1-8).n=not defined.Preferred Process: The layer (I) of active layer is formed by penetrating the solution containing nitroxide radical polymer in the lithium containing silicon-oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst layer is made of palladium, rhodium and carbon. The translucent conductive layer consists of indium oxide layer, oxidation tin layer and indium-tin-oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic polyether elastomer is block copolymer of hard and soft segment. The hard segment is polybutylene-terephthalate type polyester and/or polyethylene-terephthalate-type polyester. The soft segment is polyethylene oxide type glycol and/or polyteramethylene oxide type glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: A heat transducer is provided in the storage system in the form of one or multiple tube bundles, where the tube bundle includes one or multiple copper tubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive material layer is formed by coating at least one material selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), zinc oxide-gallium oxide (ZnO-Ga2O3), zinc oxide-alumina (ZnO-Al2O3), and tin oxide-antimony oxide (SnO2-Sb2O3) on at least one material selected from quartz, glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polypropylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The common anode layer is a conductive material that comprises at least one selected from copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dye is selected from ruthenium complex; a xanthine based dye of rhodamine B, Rose Bengal, eosin, and erythrosine; a cyanine based dye of quinocyanine and cryptocyanine; a basic dye of phenosafranine, capri blue, thiosine, and methylene blue; a porphyrin based compound of chlorophyll, zinc porphyrin, and magnesium porphyrin; an azo dye; a phthalocyanine compound; ruthenium tris-bipyridyl based complex compound; an anthraquinone based dye; and a polycyclic quinone based dye on at least one metal oxide selected from titanium oxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tungsten oxide (WO3), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), and titanium strontium oxide (TiSrO3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermal solar collector is extruded by using well-known extrusion material such as aluminum, magnesium or any plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is selected from glass, molybdenum-coated glass, silicon/silicon dioxide, metal foil, molybdenum foil, Kapton (RTM: polyimide sheet) and molybdenum-coated polyimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is a non-hydrazine solvent including preferably ethanolamine and/or dimethylsulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first type fiber is glass-, basalt- and quartz fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second type fiber is polyester-, polyamide- and polyphenylene sulfide fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Photocurable resin composition contains greater than or equal to 3 mass % photocurable silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photopolymerizable composition contains polyfunctional (meth)acrylate type compound and photoinitiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The fluororesin is polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidenefluoride, or ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Material: The photoactive material comprises an inorganic semiconductor material comprising silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, a II-IV semiconductor or a III-IV semiconductor, or a semiconductor alloy comprising SixGe1-x, ZnxCd1-xSe or InAs1-yPy.x,y=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Material: The solar turf unit has a shape resembling a plant, fungi, rock, animal or blades of grass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron poor aromatic unit comprises a optionally substituted benzothiadiazole, thiadiazoloquinoxaline, quinoxaline, thienothiadiazole, thienopyrazine, pyrazinoquinoxaline, benzobisthiadiazole or thiadiazolothienpyrazine, preferably 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The photoactive material comprises a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer (DA-CP). The DA-CPs of the solar blades have a green (preferable), black, red, orange, yellow, blue or purple hue when in a neutral state. The DA-CP comprises substituted dioxyheterocycle (preferably dioxythiophene) based donor repeating units, or acceptor repeating units comprising electron poor aromatic unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Reflecting pigment metals are provided, such as silicon dioxide, titanium oxide and zirconium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor comprises titania, doped titania of the formula nTixOy, or metal titanate. The aqueous medium comprises at least one acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide methanol, sea water, or surfactant. The housing comprises borosilicate glass, quartz or fused silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing comprises ultra violet transmitting acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solvent is annular carbonic ester or linear carbonic ester; where the electrolyte is lithium salt. The solvent of compound polymer for coating the diaphragm is nitrogen-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetamide, tetrahydrofuran, or ketone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The method for preparing the gel polymer battery comprises: (a) preparing the anode; (b) preparing the cathode; (c) preparing the diaphragm: separately coating a layer of compound polymer on two sides of polypropylene/polyethylene diaphragm; where the compound polymer compound polymer is prepared by mixing first polymer and second polymer with weight ratio of 1:5-5:1; the first polymer is the derivative of the anode-cathode adhesive; and the second polymer is the polymer having the strong polar radical; and (d) encapsulating: compounding the diaphragm, anode, and cathode by heating, pressurizing and inserting it in the shell; injecting the electrolyte solution into the shell to form the gel electrolyte; and encapsulating it to obtain the gel polymer battery. Preferred Components: The first polymer is polyfluortetraethylene and its copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymer, polymethacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol oxide, polyvinyl chloride, or polyacrylonitrile; where the copolymer monomer is polypropylene hexafluoride or tetrafluoroethylene. The second polymer is polymethylmethacrylate modified with estolide or polyvinylidene fluoride modified with estolide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The evocating agent is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate. The nanoparticles are silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, stannous oxide, titanium dioxide, lithium aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, ferric oxide, rare earth compound, clay or zeolite. The gel polymer film has 70-100 mu m thickness. The LiPF6 is present at 0.5-1.5 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The n-butyl methacrylate monomer and styrene monomer are present at 1-4:1 mass ratio. The emulsifying agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate or ammonium dodecyl sulfate. The electrolyte comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC); where EC:DMC:EMC are present at 1-2:1-2:1 mass ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The evocating agent is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate. The nanoparticles comprise silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, stannous oxide, titanium dioxide, lithium aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, ferric oxide, rare earth compound, clay or zeolite. The LiPF6 is present at 1 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The monomers of methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate are present at 4-1:8-4:1-2 mass ratio. The emulsifier is sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate or ammonium dodecyl sulfate. The electrolyte comprises hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate. The ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate are present at 1:1:1 mass ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode slurry comprises (wt.%) lithium iron phosphate (70-95), conductive agent (1-10), caking agent (1-10), and thickening agent (0.5-10). The cathode slurry comprises modified graphite (70-95), conductive agent (1-5), caking agent (1-10), and thickening agent (0.5-5). Preferred Condition: The three-stage heating polymerization includes a first stage at 70-100 degrees C, carrying out initiated polymerization for 10-20 minutes; a middle stage at 50-65 degrees C, preserving heat for 30-40 minutes; and a final stage at 70-90 degrees C, carrying out polymerization for 10-20 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Precursors of gel electrolyte comprise (wt.%) electrolyte (60-90), methyl methacrylate (5-35), and evocating agent (0.01-2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Precursors of gel electrolyte comprise polyvinylidene fluoride (3-15 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrolyte: The solid polymer electrolyte contains lithium salt (0.5-20 wt.%) chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium bis(oxalato)borate and lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: 3-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl trimethylene oxide is mixed with vinyl imidazole ionic liquid in molar ratio of 1-3 under alkaline condition, and stirred for 1-5 hours. The reaction product is extracted with ether and washed with deionized water. The washed product is dried to produce 3-(2-imidazole ethoxyl)methyl-3-methyl trimethylene oxide (A) of formula (1). 3-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl trimethylene oxide and triethylene glycol are added to sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in equal molar ratio, and reacted at 40-80 degrees C for 1-3 hours. The mixture is refluxed for 4-8 hours, and reaction product is extracted with toluene and washed with deionized water to produce 3-(methoxy(triethoxyl))methyl-3ethyl trimethylene oxide (B) of formula (2). The compounds (A,B) are added to a flask in molar ratio of 1:1 under nitrogen atmosphere and maintained in ice water bath. The compounds are reacted at 15-40 degrees C for 4-10 hours. The reaction product is extracted, precipitated and dried to produce amorphous polymer of formula (3). Displacement reaction between methyl trichlorosilane and polyethylene glycol monomethylether is carried out under alkaline condition. The reaction product is polycondensed with polyether and obtained polymer, and random copolymer is of formula (4) is produced.n=3;m=3-15;l=3-8;andk=5-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The lithium ion storage battery further comprises cathode active material slurry comprising graphite, electric agent, coating composition and solution at mixing ratio of 99-102:2-2.2:4-4.3:1-1.7:92-95, preferably 100:2.12:4.23:1.59:94.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol. The plasticizer is diglycol benzoic ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating composition comprises (pts.wt.) a synthetic styrene-butadiene rubber (16-20), a natural styrene-butadiene rubber (12-14), a mineral pitch (1.4-1.6), an antioxidant (0.65-1), and a solution (95-100), further comprises plasticizer (1.9-2.1). Preferred Component: The synthetic styrene-butadiene rubber is oleic acid styrene-butadiene rubber. The natural styrene-butadiene rubber is rosin styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A solid, visco-elastic or visco-plastic organic material at room temperature, preferably based on higher-chain carboxylic acids and alcohols, which change into rubbery or low viscosity melt by heating, is used as hot melting mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A solid, visco-elastic or visco-plastic organic material at room temperature, preferably based on resins, natural or synthetic wax, thermoplastics, which change into rubbery or low viscosity melt by heating, is used as hot melting mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner material may be made of synthetic or natural textile material, glass, plastics, or metal such as aluminum. The thermal solar collector may be made of extruded plastic material such as polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive particle is a metal particle selected from the group consisting of silver, nickel, zinc, tin, chromium, cobalt, titanium, and tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The corrosion resistance evaluation test is conducted in accordance with JISZ2294 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin curing material is made of photoresist or thermosetting resin and adhesive agent such as cyanoacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The metal material of metal casing is chosen from iron, aluminum, titanium, copper and their alloys, stainless steel, iron-plated nickel, iron-plated tin and iron-plated zinc. A barrier layer contains aluminum, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The heat resistant resin contained in the outermost layer is chosen from extended polyethylene, extended polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and group containing polyamide as main component. The heat-fusible resin contained in the innermost layer of exterior component contains polyethylene and/or polypropylene as main component. A resin layer contains resin chosen from a group containing aluminum foil, polyvinylidene chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin and polyphenylene ether. A colored coating or printing layer is provided in the outer surface of metal casing, and contains colored resin chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene and polyamide. The colored coating contains epoxy resin and/or acrylic resin having thermosetting property and ultraviolet curing property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The catalyst layer contains fluorocarbon -type ion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The insulating porous support substrate holder contains heat resistant alloy conforming to SUS430 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A catalyst metal is supported on a catalyst component. Preferred Process: The boron-containing carbon powder is doped with nitrogen-containing polymer to obtain nitrogen doped boron-containing carbon powder. A catalyst metal ion which is adsorbed to nitrogen doped boron-containing carbon powder surface after dispersing the nitrogen doped boron-containing carbon powder in a liquid is added to catalyst metallic compound solution, and reducing catalyst metal ion chemically and supporting catalyst metal on nitrogen doped boron-containing carbon powder. Preferred Properties: A fine particles resistance measurement value of boron-containing carbon material is 1 (~o).cm or less. The doping amount of nitrogen atom is 0.5-30 weight%, which is measured by X-ray-photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The catalyst metal is chosen from platinum, gold, rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, tin, iron, copper, palladium and silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Atom: The binder comprises fluorine or silicon. Preferred Process: The metal layer is formed by physical vapor growth or chemical vapor deposition method. Preferred Properties: The metal layer has thickness of 5-1000 nm. The mixed layer has thickness of 30 nm to 10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The gas barrier film further has an over coat layer formed using metal alkoxide of formula: R1(M-OR2), and a resin having bifunctional (meth)acryl group.R1,R2=1-8C organic group;andM=metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Components: Functional layer is conductive thin film and/or coloring layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cross-linkable material is selected from epoxy, polyurethane, and polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The mean pore diameter of pore of catalyst component is 10-100 nm. The diameter of catalyst component is 100 nm to 10 mu m. The BET specific surface area of catalyst component is 10-100 m2/g. Preferred Process: A platinum oxide porous structure is obtained by heating precursor solution formed by adding substance (II) or substance (III) to aqueous solution having platinum or platinum compound and urea. Preferred Components: The catalyst component contains platinum. The substance is mineral salt. The substance (III) is polymer. Preferred Arrangement: A membrane electrode assembly comprises electrode catalyst layer containing catalyst component and solid polymer electrolyte provided on both surfaces of solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulated locating jacket is made of a foamed plastic material, and a material of an isolated supporting element is fiber glass reinforced steel plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The passive terminal which receives pressure of the reaction space is coated with fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated nitrile has electron withdrawing substituent chosen from halogen, cyano group or carbonyl group. The electrolyte solution contains halogenated carbonate (preferably fluoroethylene carbonate) and carbonate which has carbon-carbon multiple bond (preferably vinylene carbonate). The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery further contains high molecular compound (preferably polyvinylidene fluoride) swollen with electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate comprises a transparent substrate or a glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The micro- or nanoparticles are manufactured by sol-gel, emulsion polymerization, non-emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, reverse micelle or hot soap. Preferred Parameters: The parameters in forming the micro- or nanoparticles on the substrate comprise a pulled rate of the substrate, diameters of the micro- or nanoparticles, a concentration of the micro- or nanoparticles, a material of the micro- or nanoparticles, a setting temperature of the solution or an added solvent. Preferred Condition: The pulled rate of the substrate is 0.5-5 mm/second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The micro- or nano-structure comprises micro- or nanoparticles (50-1000 nm in size) comprising silicon oxide, titanium oxide, or zinc oxide. The silicon film layer (75-2500 nm thick) comprises an amorphous silicon, micro-silicon, or amorphous silicon/microsilicon stacked material. The compound semiconductor layer comprises copper indium gallium selenium or tellurium cadmium. The transparent conductive layer comprises a transparent conductive oxide or indium tin oxide. The micro- or nano-roughing structure comprises silicon-based semiconductor, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or silicon germanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The micro- or nanoparticles may also comprise polystyrene or polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The bumping pads include gold, silver, copper, nickel gold, solder bump, gold bump, silver bump, copper bump, silver epoxy, or solder paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The protective jacket is a metal shell, a plastic shell, a metal film, a plastic film, and/or a metal-plastic composite film. The cooling medium is 10-200 wt.% of the weight of the battery main body. It is a gas, a liquid, and/or a solid material. The cooling medium comprises silicone oils or modified silicone oils. It is phenyl silicone oil and/or dimethicone. Preferred Parameter: The cooling medium has a specific heat capacity of 1-5 kJ/kg/K; and an ignition point higher than 200 degrees C or a flash point higher than 200 degrees C. Preferred Method: The placing step is hot plate welding, ultrasonic welding, and/or adhesive agent binding. The method further comprises connecting an external tab (4, 5) with an internal tab; and connecting the external tab with the protective jacket such that the external tab protrudes from the protective jacket. The connecting step is plastic welding, resistance point welding, ultrasonic welding, and/or laser welding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Metal complexes in which center metals differ are used as the organometallic compound. The metal complexes are iron-containing complex, nickel-containing complex, and cobalt-containing complex. The magnetization rate of center metal of the metal complexes mutually differs. The direction where the raw-material composition is injected is an intersecting direction, and a magnetic field is applied.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The nitrogenous polymer is polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The non-aqueous electrolytic battery is formed in a container having aluminum laminate film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound in which cyano group and chlorine atom are bonded with same carbon atom is of formula: R2-C(-R1)(-X)-CN.X=chloro;R1,R2=CmH2m+1-nXn;m=0-4;andn=0-(2m+1).Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution contains 0.05-0.5 mass% of compound in which cyano group and chlorine atom are bonded with same carbon atom, and further contains halogenated carbonate, carbonate having carbon-carbon multiple bond and/or high molecular compound. The halogenated carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate. The carbonate is vinylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The UV absorbers are selected from nano zinc oxide, nano cerium oxide, and/or benzotriazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyvinylidene fluoride layer is a copolymer comprising at least 60 mole percent of vinylidene fluoride units; or a copolymer comprising less than 40 mole percent of hexafloruro propene units. The polyvinylidene fluoride comprises polyvinylidene fluoride having long chain branching. The polyvinylidene fluoride is a blend of polyvinylidene fluoride (at least 60 wt.%) and polymethyl methacrylate homopolymer or copolymer (40 wt.%). When the polyvinylidene fluoride layer is a multi-layer film, then the layer further comprises inorganic UV absorbers, and/or organic UV absorbers. The polyvinylidene fluoride layer is a multi-layer construction having a coating or a laminate of a polyvinylidene fluoride over an optically clear polymer film. The optically clear polymeric film comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The interior layer comprises an encapsulant that is a peroxide-curable encapsulant or a thermoplastic encapsulant. The surface of the polyvinylidene fluoride layer in contact with the encapsulant comprises SiOx polyvinylidenedichloride (PVDC). The polyvinylidene fluoride is impact modified. The impact modifier is an all-acrylic core/shell or all-acrylic block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Light diffusion material is a polyethylene terephthalate or polystyrene resin whose refractive index of organic polymer is at least 1.55.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reactive index matching liquid is chosen from xylene, glycerin, fluorocarbon, deuterated decalin, Cargill oil and silicone oil. The metal electrode contains metal chosen form silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium alkyl and nickel. The transparent electrode thin film is chosen from metal oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tin-antimony oxide and zirconium-aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The pre-set time for pre-heating the base material is not less than 30 minutes, and the pre-set pre-heating temperature is 55-85 degrees C. The degree of porosity of the graphite container is not smaller than 3 cc/m2/minute, thickness is not smaller than 1.65 g/cc, and thermoconductivity is not smaller than 120 W/mk. During the polymer treatment, oxygen content in the recirculation furnace is not smaller than 15%. During the polymer treatment, pressure in the recirculation furnace is -10mm to 10mm water column pressure. During the polymer treatment, temperature of the graphite container is increased 10-30 degrees C per hour, and height temperature is not higher than 210 degrees C. During the carbonizing treatment, oxygen content in the carbide furnace is not higher than 300 ppm, and air-fuel delivery ratio is 0.8-0.99. During the carbonizing treatment, pressure in the carbide furnace is 0.1 mm-10 mm water column pressure. During the carbonizing treatment, the temperature is increased 20-120 degrees C per hour, the pre-set temperature is within 1000-1600 degrees C, and the pre-set time for keeping the high temperature is not smaller than 2 hours. The graphite has physical properties as follows: when its volume ratio is 50%, size distribution is not greater than 25 mu m, reference area is not greater than 5 m2/g, tap density is not smaller than 1.0g/cc, graphitizing grade is not smaller than 90%; in the Raman spectrum of argon laser ray having wavelength of 514.4nm, the proportion of its peak strength existing in range of 1350-1370/cm to the peak strength existing in range of 1570-1630/cm, (ID/IG), is not greater than 0.5. Preferred Component: The covering material is coal tar or pit asphalt whose softening temperature is below 65 degrees C, or mixed liquid consisting of the two materials and fluid resin; proportion of the covering material by weight is 10-40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer host material B is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and their derivatives, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, PVC, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyoxybutylene, polyamide, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate), polysulfone, and/or polysiloxane. The lithium salts comprise lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, lithium fluorooxalate borate, lithium bis(polyfluoro alkoxy sulfonyl) imide, cyclic lithium perfluoroalkyl bis(sulfonyl) imide, and/or lithium tris(trifluoromethane sulfone methyl).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The catalyst is selected from platinum-carbon, platinum-rubidium-carbon or triflic acid. The fuel of the fuel cell is selected from hydrogen or oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene or 2,3-dimethyl-1-octylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal frame may comprise stainless steel, aluminum, or aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer-metal complex comprises thermoplastic polymer selected from polyamide, polyphenylenesulfide, polyimide, polyether imide, polycarbonate, polyphenylene ether, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyether ketone, polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyether ether ketone (PEEKK), polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water reducing agent is naphthalene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water reducing agent comprises polycarboxylic acid, fatty alcohol polyethenoxy ether or polyacrylic salt. The polymer latex or powder comprises ethylene/vinyl acetate polymer, methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose ether, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose ether, carboxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, carboxyethyl cellulose and/or carboxyethyl cellulose. Preferred Properties: The solar reflector paint i.e. self-cleaning paint has heat reflection index larger than 0.9, and comprises titanium dioxide nanoceramic paint with heat resistance at 0-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bars may include metal cores of aluminum to improve resistance to strains and stresses of the whole wall.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bars or packings inserted between adjacent bricks are formed of elastomeric polymer e.g. polyvinyl chloride, with good heat insulation and sound proofing characteristics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The incompatible component (B) further contains a polyolefin resin (b1) which is not subjected to acid-modification process. The content of incompatible component (B) contained with respect to the polyester layer 2-35 weight%. The content of polyolefin resin (b2) contained with respect to 100 weight parts of polyolefin resin (b1) is 2-45 weight parts. The polyester layer further contains inorganic particles (5 weight% or more). Preferred Process: The polyester layer is biaxially oriented, and the biaxially oriented polyester layer is laminated on at least one side of the polyester layer. Preferred Properties: The incompatible component (B) has an acid value of 0.001-20 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The ratio of in-plane short-axis length of the vertical direction with respect to the in-plane long-axis length of the major axis direction, of the dispersion is 2 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric base material contains polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: A conductive polymer chosen from poly 3-hexyl thiophene and the functionalized fullerene composition are contained in a material. The material has energetically highest observed lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) with reduction potential of -1.20V to -1.54V vs ferrocene/ferrocenium, or energetically lowest observed highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with reduction potential of +0.07V to 0.0V vs ferrocene/ferrocenium. Preferred Definitions:    R=organic group of formula: PCB'V'or ZCB'W', Diels-Alder (DA) adduct attached to Cm carbon cage, group which imparts composition with ability to intimately interact with donor polymer at bulk heterojunction, saturated alkyl with optionally branched groups, unsaturated alkyl functionalities, aromatic moieties, polar entities and/or metals, chromophore possessing characteristics to improve ability of composition to harvest solar spectrum, preferably porphyrin, phthalocyanine or an inorganic/organic complex capable of absorbing light in any region of the solar spectrum, group which facilitates interactions between solvent system, polymer, and composition, group which facilitates two-photon absorption by composition, group which enables composition to become capable of multiple exciton generation;    PCB=phenyl, Cm+1, butyric acid or other organic acid;    V'=methyl, butyl, hexyl or octyl (O);    W'=modification to side chains to induce more favorable interactions between trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerene and donor material, preferably amide or ester containing optionally branched alkyl and/or saturated or aromatic moiety chosen from phenyl, thiophene and/or pyrrole;and    Z=modification of phenyl group which enhances interactions between trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerene and donor material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The weathering and vapor barrier layer is polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) layer; the thickness is 10-40 mu m. The UV radiation barrier layer is white polyethylene (PET) layer; the thickness is 15-100 mu m. The enhancement layer is PET bi-directional extension thin film layer; the thickness is 125-250 mu m. The reflecting and felting layer is white PET layer; the thickness is 20-100 mu m. The first felting layer, the second felting layer or the third felting layer is polyurethane or acrylic acid adhesive layer; the thickness is 2-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises:(A) setting the molar ratio of the nickelous chloride hexahydrate to polyol at 1:80-1:120; putting them to the reaction kettle using the PTFE as the lining; adding the sodium acetate trihydrate; using the glass rod to stir the mixture until the sodium acetate trihydrate is fully dissolved to form the translucent mixed solution; adding 6.5-10 g of sodium acetate trihydrate to one mol of the polyol;(B) sealing and screwing the reaction kettle; putting it to the oven; setting at 160-190 degrees C; starting the thermal reaction of the solvent; after the reaction, taking the precipitate from the reaction kettle; and naturally cooling the precipitate; and(C) pouring the reacted precipitate alpha -Ni(OH)2 microsphere out; using the distilled water to wash the microsphere for 3-5 times; and using the absolute ethyl alcohol to wash the microsphere for 3-5 times; drying the microsphere in the vacuum oven at 50-70 degrees C; collecting and storing the microsphere in the drier; and putting the dried powder sample to the muffle to sinter at 300-400 degrees C to obtain the hollow nickel oxide (NiO) microsphere powder, where the polyol can be glycol, propanetriol or diglycol.Preferred Condition: The thermal reaction of the solvent is carried out for 4-8 hours. In step (C), the distilled water is used to wash the reacted precipitate for 3-5 times, and the absolute ethyl alcohol is used to wash the reacted precipitate for 3-5 times. In step (C), the vacuum drying is carried out for 6-8 hours. In step (D), sintering is carried out for 1 hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-material is silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and/or zinc oxide (ZnO). The iodized salt is lithium iodide (LiI), potassium iodide (KI), and/or sodium iodide (NaI). Preferred Parameters: The particle diameter of the nano-material is 7-60 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, methanol, and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Preparing polyester-type polyurethane or polyether-type polyurethane comprises (1) placing the polyether polyol having a molecular weight of 200-800 or polyester polyol having a molecular weight of 600-1200 in a vacuum oven to dry by heating to remove moisture within the reaction material; (b) gradually adding diisocyanate, which is 1.2-fold of molar weight of the polyether polyol or polyester polyol obtained in step (a), under the protection of inert gases then reacting for 1-3 hours while stirring; (c) adding anhydrous alcohol solvent to the products after reacting in step (b), stirring and placing for a night; drying the anhydrous alcohol solvent by spinning; and then placing in a vacuum oven to dry to remove the anhydrous alcohol solvent completely to obtain the polyester type polyurethane or polyether type polyurethane, respectively. Preferred Components: The polyurethane is polyester-type polyurethane or polyether-type polyurethane. Preferred Parameters: The average molecular weight of polyethylene oxide is 20000-4000000, preferably 4000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The connection socket is formed from plastic e.g. polycarbonate or polyphenylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The neutral gas is argon. The target metal is platinum, silver, gold, nickel, palladium, copper, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, chromium and/or molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Each of the oxygen and nitrogen concentration in one of noble gas and hydrogen is less than or equal to 30 pts. wt. The source gas includes silane gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bag comprises polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, cellulose acetate resin, fluorine-containing resin, or polyamide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material contains a composition containing linear polyfluoro ether compound, an organosilicon compound and a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. The linear polyfluoro ether compound contains 2 or more alkenyl group in a molecule, and has perfluoropolyether structure in the principal chain. The hydrogen atoms of organosilicon compound are bonded with silicon atom in a molecule, and the organosilicon compound has H-SiCH2- structure. The sealing material further contains a linear polyfluoro ether compound (b), an optical radical polymerization initiator, polyfluoro ether compound (c) and a photocationic polymerization initiator. The linear polyfluoro ether compound (b) contains 2 or more (meth)acryloyl group in a molecule and has perfluoropolyether structure in the principal chain. The polyfluoro ether compound (c) has 2 or more epoxy groups in a molecule and has perfluoropolyether structure in the principal chain. EXAMPLE - (In mass parts) base compound (120) obtained by reacting fluorine substituted polyether polymer of formula (A) (100) and hydrophobic surface treated silica (25), silicon-containing compound of formula (B) (1.6), platinum complex (0.4) and ethynyl cyclohexanol (0.2) were mixed, to obtain sealing material with excellent adhesiveness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid is an oil (e.g. fuel oil, lubricating oil and/or coolant system oil) or ionic liquid which contains cations (e.g. trimethylpropyl ammonium, trimethylmethoxymethyl ammonium, trimethylphenyl ammonium, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium, triethyl sulfonium and butyl pyridinium) and anions (e.g. trifluoromethane sulfonyl imide, fluorosulfonyl imide, trifluorosulfonylacetyl imide, tetrachloroaluminate, tetrafluoroborate, fluoride, chloride, iodide and bromide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cation and anion exchange resin are processed by respective hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are made of stainless steel or polyvinyl plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heater adopts photovoltaic power-generation battery heat-collecting sectional material that is made of metal and carbon.
Preferred Definitions:    R0=compound of formula (II)-(III);    R1, R2=R0 or compound of formula (IV);    A=O, S, Se or N-R12;    R12=H, alkyl, naphthenic group or aralkyl;    R4, R11=H, OH, alkyl, naphthenic group, aryloxy, alkylthio, alkylhalide group or halo;and    n=1-10.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 13 Organic dyes are specifically claimed, e.g. compounds of formulae (II), (III), (VIII), (X) or (XIII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode thin film is formed from metal oxide such as titanium oxide, tin oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tin antimony oxide and zinc oxide-aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal electrode is made of metal selected from silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photocurable transparent adhesive comprises polyester or (meth)acryloyl unsaturated compound. The plastic film is made of polyethylene terephthalate. The transparent board is made of glass plate of polyimide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The etchant material comprises ammonium fluoride. The dielectric layer comprises silicon oxide or silicon nitride and amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The etchant material comprises doping material that contains phosphorus, boron, arsenic, antimony, indium, and gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The etchant material comprises surfactant selected from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-block-copolymer and glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoelectric sensor element comprises a flexible foil that is made of silicon or gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (a) further contains ruthenium. The layer (b) further contains ruthenium-containing compound of formula: PtaRubXc, and hydrogen (200-400 atomic%) based on the total number of atoms of the platinum or of the platinum and ruthenium.a+b+c=100;andc=b.The layer (a) comprises lattices in which each contain four atoms of metallic elements and have a minimum unit containing platinum and ruthenium in a platinum/ruthenium ratio of 3/1. The layer (a) contains neither molybdenum nor tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The electrical conductors comprise electrically conductive adhesive comprising silver epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal particles of metal electrode is chosen from silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium and nickel. A metal oxide chosen from titanium oxide, tin oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, indium-tin-oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, antimony-tin oxide and zinc-aluminum oxide is used during manufacture of solar cell. The photoelectric transducer contains crystalline-silicon layer or an amorphous-silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The metal electrode contains metal particles and binder resin. The thermosetting-type transparent adhesive contains an unsaturated polyester compound and 0.1-15 volume% of electroconductive fine particles. The unsaturated polyester compound is an unsaturated polyester or saturated polyester containing (meth)acryloyl group. The underfill agent used during manufacture of solar cell is a curing-type epoxy resin or urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode thin film is formed from metal oxide chosen form titanium oxide, tin oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide and zirconium-doped aluminum oxide. A photoelectric transducer in the solar cell has crystalline silicon layer or amorphous-silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal electrode contains silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium and/or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The metal electrode has metal print film containing metal particles and binder resin. The solar cell is manufactured using photocurable transparent adhesive containing polyester unsaturated compound and electroconductive fine particles (0.1-15 volume%). The polyester unsaturated compound is unsaturated polyester or saturated polyester having (meth)acryloyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The proton-conductive silica has pore diameter of 1-3 nm. The fixed sulfur trioxide anion has density of 0.7-10/nm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The clathrate comprises clathrate hydrate. The gas comprises hydrogen, methane, hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide. Preferred Stabilizer: The clathrate has stabilizer comprising tetrahydrofuran (THF) or tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), preferably tetrahydrofuran (THF).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The emulsion of the emulsion-templated porous support comprises a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). The emulsion-templated porous support comprises polymer chosen from vinyl polymer, polystyrene or their derivative and poly HIPE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light anode powder is titanium dioxide powder, zinc oxide powder or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The method for manufacturing the energy storage battery based on lithium-ion conduction, comprises: (a) adding the lambda -polyvinylidene ethylene binder to the N-methyl pyrrolidone solution and mixing to form the glue solution; (b) adding the main anode active material or the main cathode active material, carbon black, and binder having mass percent ratio of 70-95:20-20:3-10 to the glue solution prepared in (a); uniformly mixing and coating the mixed glue solution to the two surface of the aluminum foil to compose the electrode pieces; where the mass of the solvent is 0.5-2 times the mass of the active material to be added; and (c) drying the anode piece or the cathode piece prepared in (b) in a vacuum; rolling to cut into the anode piece and the cathode piece to be separated by the diaphragm; and winding and overlapping to form the electric cores; and packing, welding, pouring solution, and sealing to form the battery. Preferred Components: The non-aqueous solution containing lithium-salt is ethylene carbonate of 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate, methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate. Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate is 1:1:1. The thickness of the aluminum foil is 15-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The surface treatment of stainless steel shell further includes deoiling with acid solution containing (g/L) emulsion (48-55), thiourea (8-12) and sulfuric acid (20-30) at 60-80 degrees C; and cleaning with water, and drying at 80-110 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsion is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, triethanolamine oleic acid soap or dodecyl diethanolamine. The corrosion inhibitor is hexamethylenetetramine, thiourea or aniline. The sealing liquid is dehydrated antirust oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The plasma chamber is included with the vacuum pump. The carbon nanotube container uniformly reforms the carbon nanotube with the plasma. The separation distance between the plasma and the carbon nanotube is controlled. Preferred Condition: The plasma process is performed at - 10 degrees C to 800 degrees C in pressure of 10-6 Torr to 5 atm. Preferred Process: The carbon nanotube is subjected to moisture handling process before are after the plasma process. The process the nanotube is immersed in acidic aqueous solution. The plasma process involves loading the carbon nanotube in the container, impregnating plasma gas with respect to processing time and exposure time, exposing the carbon nanotube is then to plasma and collecting processed nanotube. The carbon nanotube is dispersed in the solvent and the pH of the dispersed solution is adjusted to 7-14.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chosen from distilled water, chloroform, isopropanol, dimethylformamide, methyl pyrrolidinone, decane, tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane and their mixtures. The solvent includes dispersing agent containing surfactant and water soluble polymer or their mixture. The hydrocarbon gas is chosen from fluorinated gas, methane, ethylene, acetylene, fluorine, inert gas, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia gas, hydrogen peroxide, methanol, ethanol, acetone which vaporizes from the liquid state and 6-20C hydrocarbon liquid. The processed product carbon nanotube is carbon black, carbon fiber or fullerene. The plasma in the plasma process is chosen from radio frequency plasma, dielectric barrier discharge plasma, alternating current or direct current glow discharge plasma, intermediate frequency plasma, arc plasma and electric discharge plasma.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The laminated film comprises two layers of layer (A)/layer (B), or three layers of layer (B)/layer (A)/layer (B). Preferred Property: The barium sulfate particles have cumulative 90% volume particle diameter of 5 ~mm or less. EXAMPLE - Dimethyl terephthalate (in weight parts) (132), dimethyl isophthalate (7), ethylene glycol (98) and diethylene glycol (1) were trans-esterified, and stirred with manganese acetate (0.05) and lithium acetate (0.012). Trimethyl phosphate (0.03) and germanium dioxide (0.04) were added and polycondensed at 290?oC to obtain copolyester. The obtained copolyester, and barium sulfate (45 weight%) having average particle diameter of 1 ~mm and volume particle diameter of 1.7 ~mm were heated to obtain the layer (A). The obtained copolyester, and barium sulfate (1 weight%) having average particle diameter of 1 ~mm were heated to obtain the layer (B). The layer (A) and layer (B) were extruded, stretched and laminated to obtain laminated film high white reflectance, and excellent handling property, stability, ductility and light resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium nanofluorobutyl sulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonimide), lithium aluminum oxide, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, LiN(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2) (where p and q are natural numbers), lithium trifuluoromethylsulfonate, lithium chloride, lithium iodide and/or lithium bisoxalate borate. The metal alloying with lithium comprises sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, titanium, silver, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, antimony and/or bismuth. The filler comprises alumina, silica, zirconia and/or titania.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder comprises acrylate-based polymers, vinyl-based polymers, fluoro-based polymers, imide-based polymers, cellulose-based polymers, amideimide-based polymers, sulfone-based polymers, alkyleneoxide-based polymers and/or acryl-based polymer, which is present in an amount of 50-300 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder and is poly(alkyl(meth)acrylate-co-alkyl(meth) acrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The pattern of partitioning wall is formed on electrode (101) provided on transparent substrate chosen from glass, silica and transparent plastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethersulfone. Preferred Electrode: The electrode is transparent conducting oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulphonate), polyaniline and polypyrrole. The conducting oxide is indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide or aluminum-doped zinc oxide. Preferred Layer: An electrode protection/charge extraction layer (102) containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate), polyaniline and polypyrrole is formed on electrode. Preferred Structure: A p-n type polymer nanocomposite structure is formed on charge extraction layer. The p-type polymer is polythiophene, poly(para-phenylene), polyfluorene or polyacetylene. The n-type polymer is fullerene or high electron affinity organic materials. The fullerene is C60 fullerene or C70 fullerene. A metal electrode (106) containing aluminum, magnesium, lithium, calcium, copper, silver, gold, platinum and their alloy is formed on nanocomposite structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Particles: The polyolefin resin particles are homopolymer of ethylene, or copolymer of ethylene and 3C or more olefin. Preferred Properties: The content of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine monomer-unit in the copolymer maintained at void inner wall of the hydrophilic polyolefin sintered compact is 3-95 mol%. The retention of the copolymer maintained at void inner wall of the hydrophilic polyolefin sintered compact is 0.01-50 weight%. The hydrophilic polyolefin sintered compact has average porosity of 20-60 volume%, and diameter of average void of 1-150 mu m with respect to continuous void. The polyolefin resin particles have average particle diameter of 10-350 mu m, volume density of 0.20-0.55 g/cm3, density of 0.850-0.970 g/cm3, and viscosity average molecular weight of 50000-7000000. 90 weight% or more of polyolefin resin particles have particle size of 1-500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The transparent protective material layer is vibrin layer (concentrated suspension of Campylobacter fetus bacteria).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor powder is SrCe0.95Y0.05O2.975 powder, SrCe0.9Y0.1O2.95 powder, or SrCe0.8Y0.2O2.9 powder. Preferred Parameters: The maximum power densities are 50 mW/cm2, 155 mW/cm2 and 200 mW/cm2 at 600 degrees C, 70 degrees C, and 800 degrees C, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A binder such as hydroxy methyl cellulose, polyfluortetraethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose and hydroxy methyl cellulose are used in the fabrication of cathode blade.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The thermal stabilizer is chosen from phenolic compound, annular amine-base compound, semicarbazide, amine-based compound, nitro system compound, phosphorus compound, unsaturated hydrocarbon compound and thiosystem compound. The phenolic compound is chosen from 2,2-di(4'-hydroxyphenyl) propane, hydroquinone, p-methoxyphenol, t-butylhydroxy-anisole, n-octadecyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate, n-octadecyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butyl phenyl)propionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), 1,2-propylene glycol bis-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), stearamido N,N-bis-(ethylene 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone, 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), triethyleneglycol-bis-(3-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), pentaerythritoltetrakis(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl) propionate), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, t-butylcatechol, 4,4-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol), tocopherol and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, preferably n-Octadecyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butyl phenyl)propionate. Preferred Solvent: An organic solvent used for manufacturing secondary battery is N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate , rifluoromethanesulfonate, Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide), lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide, lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium aluminate, lithium chloride and/or lithium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains (in weight%) trifluoromethyl fluorobenzene (0.1-10) and fluorine ethylene carbonate (0.1-10). Preferred Component: The non-aqueous solvent is chosen from carbonate and/or ketone. Preferred Compound: The carbonate is chosen from diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, and/or 2,3-pentylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The high-amylopectin-containing starch contains waxy corn starch or glutinous rice starch. Preferred Process: The high-amylopectin-containing starch is micro-dispersion starch obtained by irradiating a gelatinized material of waxy corn starch or glutinous rice starch using ultrasonic wave. The fiber formation process of gel material is carried out using monofilament.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alcohol is monohydric alcohol. EXAMPLE - Water was added to waxy-corn starch, gelatinized, ultrasonic irradiation was carried out at 50 degrees C using ultrasonic disperser, dried and pulverized, to obtain micro-dispersion starch. The obtained micro-dispersion starch was dissolved in water at room temperature, to obtain aqueous starch dispersion. The liquid temperature of the obtained aqueous starch dispersion was adjusted to 60 degrees C, alcohol was dripped, stirred and phase-separation process was carried out, to obtain gel material. The obtained gel material was extruded, fiber formation process was carried out using ethanol tub and dried, to obtain starch fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rear side of rod is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyacetal, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherether ketone and liquid crystal polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The damp-proof layer consists of an inorganic oxide film adhered on metal film, inorganic oxide film, damp-proof resin film or base film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The three-layer composite film is formed by co-extrusion. The composite film is laminated on both surfaces of the damp-proof layer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of polycarbonate core layer with respect to thickness of polybutylene-terephthalate outer layers is 5-30%. The composite film has total thickness of 40-90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating resin of the protective layer is selected from polyimide derivative, silicone compound, fluorine elastomer and fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-flammable member comprises at least one of magnesium hydroxide-based material, aluminum hydroxide-based material, halogen-based material, antimony trioxide-based material, melamine-based material, and phosphate-based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gasification member comprises at least one of cyclohexyl benzene (CHB) and biphenyl (BP).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The film is made of a high-molecular resin which melts at a critical temperature of 80-120 degrees C. The film is made of one selected from polyethylene, epoxy, acetal, and indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The mounting rail is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of amine group-containing compound is 1-10 mass%. Preferred Component: A dye-sensitized solar cell has metal oxide semiconductor electrode containing pigment (3), semiconductor film, charge transfer layer (4) and counter electrode (5) formed sequentially on electroconductive base material (1). EXAMPLE - Nitric acid (in mass parts) (15), Aerosil P25 (RTM: crystalline titanium oxide powder) (60) and water (1200) were mixed, heated at 80 degrees C for 8 hours, cooled, distilled and pulverized, to obtain titanium oxide fine particles having average particle diameter of 30 nm. Then, the obtained titanium oxide fine particles (20) were dispersed into tert-butanol (80), to obtain coating liquid. The dye-sensitized solar cell formed using the coating liquid had excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanoparticle semiconductor oxide layer is made of titanium oxide, zinc oxide and niobium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode includes a conductive substrate made of iron, aluminum, titanium, nickel, copper and tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dye molecules includes an organic material containing thiopene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, indoline and quinoline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrode is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light guide comprises a plastic sheet comprising acrylic or polycarbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat transport device is formed by aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper and a copper alloy. The thermal interface layer is composed of a multiphase material, a silver alloy, a liquid metal, a liquid metal alloy, a tin-indium alloy, a tin-bismuth alloy, and a lead-free solder. The electrical contact area comprises gold. The electrical insulator layer comprises aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solar concentrator array includes a polymer layer covering the metal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The transparent substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An electrolyte is provided, which is selected from lithium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 10-camphosulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic aicd. The transparent substrate is quartz. The metal electrode is selected from aluminum, magnesium, lithium, calcium, copper, silver, gold or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The former and the latter conductive monomers are selected from acetylene, aniline, pyrrole, thiophene, phenylene vinylene, phenylene, 3-alkyl-thiophene or octylthiophene. The electrolysis solvent is propylene carbonate or acetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is polyethylene terephthalate or polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The composite connector is prepared by utilizing the superfine powder, where metal matrix is coated by the superfine powder to prepare a composite connector. An organic binder is used as a sizing agent, which coats on the metal matrix. The coated metal matrix is put in a mold to obtain the composite connector. Preferred Components: The metal matrix is nickel based alloy or stainless steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic binder is N-methyl-pyrrolidone of polyvinylidene fluoride or terpineol solution of ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The suspending medium is a polyethylenglycol with a molar mass of 200-800 g/mole, or propylencarbonate. The auxiliary substance is sodium chloride and/or calcium chloride or is a compound of group of carboxylic acid derivative with up to 20 carbon atoms, polycarboxylic acid, polyglycol different from the suspending medium, urea compound and/or wax dispersion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The organic compound layer (A) and organic compound layer (B) are deposition on fluorine resin film in vacuum atmosphere, aggregated, irradiated active energy ray or plasma and hardened. The organic compound layer is formed using flash vapor deposition method. The inorganic compound layer is formed using chemical vacuum deposition (CVD) method. The laminate is formed without exposing the organic compound layer and inorganic compound layer to atmosphere in the same vacuum. The fluorine resin film is bonded through an adhesive agent on both surfaces of the laminate, to obtain a back surface protection sheet. Preferred Group: The addition polymerization functional group is acryl group or methacryl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The current stopping mechanism includes a thermally shrinkable resin tape made of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene-propylene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, or nitrile-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises a glass or a polycarbonate polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Materials: The conductive fibers have light transmittivity and electrical conductivity, and include a conductive glass fiber containing tin (Sn). A surface of the conductive glass fiber containing Sn is coated with fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO). The conductive fiber comprises carbon fiber. The structure formed of conductive fibers is a stack structure of conductive fibers, or a textile structure knitted with conductive fibers. The second electrode is bendable and comprises a conductive substrate coated with a platinum layer. It has carbon content of 95-100%. The dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises an insulating thin layer or a semiconductor thin film in the electrolyte layer between the first and second electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The nanoparticle semiconductor oxide layer comprises titanium oxide, zinc oxide, or niobium pentoxide. The dye molecule comprises ruthenium (Ru) complex compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dye molecule comprises thiophene, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, indoline, or quinoline, or an organic material including their derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The conductive fiber comprises conductive polymer fiber. The second electrode comprises a polymer material coated or deposited with a conductive material. Preferred Compounds: The polymer material is polyethyleneterephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A single layer film is composed of element selected from titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), zinc (Zn), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir) or platinum (Pt). A stacking film is formed by titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises a film selected from group consisting of polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and polybutylene naphthalate (PBN) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative plate comprises graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The aqueous adhesive is polyfluorotetraethylene, hydroxy methyl propyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol oxide, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber and/or polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The top layer material and bottom layer material of encapsulated photovoltaic element comprises fluoropolymer. The top surface of roofing substrate is polymeric or bituminous, preferably contains polyolefin. The roofing substrate is polymeric roofing tile, polymeric roofing panel or asphalt roofing shingle. The top surface of roofing substrate is coated with roofing granules. The tie layer system comprises polymer layer(s) containing material chosen from polyolefin functionalized with carboxylate and/or anhydride, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid-modified polyolefin, acid-modified polyolefin containing amine- functional polymer, maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene propylene ethylidenenorbornene terpolymer, hot melt containing thermoplastic or elastomeric fluoropolymer, and/or curable resin, preferably comprises amino-substituted organosilane, a blend of functionalized ethylvinylalcohol and polyolefin. The tie layer system has a polymeric layer(s) on top of a textured layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer :- The biocompatibility coating film comprises polylactic acid (PLA), poly- beta -hydroxybutyrate, silicon and chitosan. The translucent film of the coating film, comprises cellulose, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polysulfone, and poly(ethyl vinylacetate). The biocompatibility coating film does not enable passage of proteinase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The ionic salt is a lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The electrolyte is a mixture of linear carbonate compound(s) and cyclic carbonate compound(s). EXAMPLE - Ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) were mixed in a weight ratio of 4:1:5 to prepare a solvent for a non-aqueous electrolyte and 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) was added to the solvent. Then, vinylene carbonate (1.5 wt.%), propylene sulfone (0.5 wt.%) and polyethyleneglycol diglycidylether (5 wt.%) were added to the mixture to produce the non-aqueous electrolyte. A battery comprising the electrolyte had a thickness change of 0.34 mm after 172 cycles while a conventional battery had thickness change of 0.45 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is made of ethylene vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, olefin resin, polyester resin, silicon resin, polystyrene resin, polycarbonate resin and rubber-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: The oxygen reduction electrode is formed by supporting electrode catalyst. EXAMPLE - Zirconia carbonitride was heat processed at 1000 degrees C for 15 hours in presence of mixed gas containing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, to obtain electrode catalyst. The electrode catalyst had excellent oxygen reduction ability, workability and stability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of antioxidant is 0.01-5 wt.%. Preferred Process: The nonwoven web is heated between 70 degrees C and melting point of fiber polymer. The antioxidant is compounded with polymer, co-polymerized with polymer, or added to spinning solvent prior to solution spinning. Preferred Component: The antioxidant is selected from group consisting of phenolic amide, phenolic ester, organic or inorganic salts of copper, hindered amine, polymeric hindered phenol and/or hindered phosphite. The solvent is formic acid. Preferred Conditions: The temperature and residence time is sufficient to reduce solvent concentration of nonwoven web to less than 100 ppmw. The web temperature is about 180 degrees C or more and residence time is 48 seconds or more. The solvent stripping zone utilizes radiant energy and/or infrared radiation to reduce solvent concentration of nonwoven web.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is polyamide. EXAMPLE - To polymer solution of nylon 6,6 polymer in formic acid solvent Irganox 1098 (RTM: antioxidant) (0.5 wt.%) was added, heated and transported through solvent spinning zone at 180 degrees C for residence time of 24 seconds. Thus, chemically bonded spinning solvent was striped from solution-spun nonwoven web. The amount remaining formic acid was 307.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Materials: The anti-reflective coating is made of glass, transparent flexible substrate, polymer substrate, soda lime glass, solar glass, tempered solar glass, tempered glass, untempered glass, glass-foil solar module, glass-glass solar module, transparent rigid substrate, transparent flexible substrate, and/or flexible module.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: One of the top and the bottom nanostructured porous layers is made of silica, and the other is made of titania. Each nanostructured porous layer is made of titania, silica, alumina, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, niobium oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, strontium oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and/or calcium/titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles comprises zinc oxide, cupric oxide (CuO2), germanium, silicon, tin, silicon carbide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum phosphide, aluminum antimonide, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium antimonide, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, indium antimonide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide, lead sulfide, lead telluride, aluminum-gallium-arsenide (AlxGa1-xAs), indium-gallium-arsenide (InxGa1-xAs), indium-aluminum- arsenide (InxAl1-xAs), cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdxZn1-xTe), cadmium-manganese-telluride (CdxMn1-xTe) and tin oxide (SnO2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer precursor is produced by mixing polyamic acid in form of biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride-p-phenylenediamine (BPDA-PDA) and poly N-vinylcarbozole (PVK) dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP). A hole transport layer (HTL) (30) containing poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) is formed between anode and photoelectro-motive force layer. An electron transport layer (ETL) (70) containing carbon material is formed between photoelectro-motive force layer and cathode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The transparent cover plate is made of a polymeric material, preferably polymethylmethacrylate or polycarbonate. The polymer is stabilized by UV absorbers and/or hindered amine light stabilizers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel cell is configured to use fuel comprising any one of gas-phase fuel, and/or liquid-phase fuel. The fuel comprises at least any one of hydrogen gas, methanol, and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive layer is a plate made of nickel or nickel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The liquid inlet pipe and liquid outlet pipe are copper-aluminum composite tubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bonding agent (0.08-8 weight%) of positive active substance is mixture of polyfluortetraethylene and/or styrene butadiene rubber including carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl propyl cellulose or propylene glycol. The bonding agent of (0.5-8 weight%) negative active substance is polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyfluortetraethylene and/or styrene butadiene rubber. The membrane is composite membrane of modified polyethylene felt, modified polypropylene felt, superfine glass fiber felt, vinylon felt, nylon felt and wettable polyolefin microporous membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compounds: The anode electrode is selected from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy and the catalyst is selected from platinum-transition metal alloys. The gas diffusion layer is made of carbon paper or carbon cloth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer resin is selected from polyfluorovinylidene, polytetrafluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene. The ion conductive polymer resin is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazenes, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, doped polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor material comprises inorganic nanoparticles, oxadiazoles, discotic liquid crystals, carbon nanorods and/or inorganic nanorods.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer is ionomer. Some of copolymer is present in photoactive layer. The photoactive layer comprises electron acceptor material comprising fullerene; and electron donor material comprising polymer. The ionic copolymer comprises tetrafluoroethylene backbone. The structural unit of ionic copolymer comprises perfluorovinyl ether group which is terminated with sulfonyl group. The ionic copolymer is of formula -(C(F2)-C(F2))x-(C(F)(C(F2)-))y-(O-C(F2)-C(F)(CF3))z-O-C(F2)-C(F2)-S(=O)(=O)-OH. The polymer comprises polythiophenes, polyanilines, polycarbazoles, polyvinylcarbazoles, polyphenylenes, polyphenylvinylenes, polysilanes, polythienylenevinylenes, polyisothianaphthanenes, polycyclopentadithiophenes, polysilacyclopentadithiophenes, polycyclopentadithiazoles, polythiazolothiazoles, polythiazoles, polybenzothiadiazoles, poly(thiophene oxide)s, poly(cyclopentadithiophene oxide)s, polythiadiazoloquinoxaline, polybenzoisothiazole, polybenzothiazole, polythienothiophene, poly(thienothiophene oxide), polydithienothiophene, poly(dithienothiophene oxide)s, polytetrahydroisoindoles or their copolymers, preferably polythiophenes, polycyclopentadithiophenes or their copolymers. The electron donor material comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) or poly(cyclopentadithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole). The electron acceptor material comprises substituted fullerenes i.e. (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, polymers containing cyano groups, and/or polymers containing trifluoromethyl groups.x, y, z= greater than or equal to 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The radiation transmissive first electrode comprises a radiation transmissive conducting oxide. The radiation transmissive conducting oxide is indium tin oxide, gallium indium tin oxide, or zinc indium tin oxide. The nanoparticle phase comprises fullerenes and/or carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The non-radiation transmissive second electrode comprises a metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fiber comprises a glass optical fiber, quartz optical fiber, or a plastic optical fiber. The photosensitive organic layer comprises a photoactive region comprising bulk heterojunction(s) between a donor material and an acceptor material. The donor material comprises a polymeric phase. The acceptor material comprises a nanoparticle phase. The polymeric phase comprises a conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene) and/or poly(3-octylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The phosphate-based cathode comprises lithium iron phosphate, iron phosphate or vanadium phosphate. The solid electrolyte interface comprises (Li)2-SiS2-(Li)4SiO4 or (Li)3N. The solid electrolyte interface comprises polyethylene glycol or dimethylmethacrylate. The non-flammable electrolyte comprises a lithium salt in a non-flammable solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-fluorinated binder comprises styrene butadiene rubber and/or carboxy methyl cellulose. The non-fluorinated binder comprises a poly-olefin (preferably polyethylene or polypropylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The battery pole piece substrate is selected from one of a vesicant copper mesh, a vesicant nickel mesh, a steel mesh and a nickel-plated steel mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxide semiconductor particles comprise titanium dioxide. Preferred Property: The oxide semiconductor particles have an average diameter of 1-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting Ar1H'1 with n-butyl lithium, and reacting with thiophene compound of formula (III).H'=halo;andAr1=compound of formula (a) or (b). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 141 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. compounds of formulae (1)-(5).    EXAMPLE - A mixture of triethylphosphite (25 g) and 1-bromo-4-bromomethylbenzene (5 g) was agitated for 2 hours at 120 degrees C to synthesize triethyl 4-bromobenzylphosphite. The synthesized triethyl 4-bromobenzylphosphite (6.74 g), benzophenone (5.13g) and potassium tert-butoxide (3.27g) were placed in a reactor, and melted with 50 mL tetrahydrofuran to react for 4 hours at 120 degrees C to synthesize 1-bromo-4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)benzene. 1-Bromo-4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)benzene (6.03 g) was gradually added with manganese butyl lithiate (10 mL) at - 78 degrees C, and agitated for 1 hour at low temperatures. The mixture was gradually added with (Z)-3-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (5.16 g) at - 78 degrees C, agitated for 1 hour at low temperatures, and additionally agitated for 30 minutes at 0 degrees C. After extracting an organic layer from the mixture with dichloromethane and distilled water, the solvent was removed. The organic layer was recrystallized by n-hexane, dried, and purified after filtering sediment at a yield of 52%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum precursor is chloroplatinic acid, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II), hydrogen hexahydroxoplatinate (IV), platinum (II) nitrate, tetraammineplatinum (II) chloride, tetraammineplatinum (II) hydrogen carbonate, tetraammineplatinum (II) acetate, ammonium hexabromoplatinate (IV), ammonium hexachloroplatinate (IV) and/or their hydrates. The transition metal precursor is halide, nitrate, hydrochloride, sulfate and/or amines of transition metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent used in preparation of catalyst is benzene, toluene and/or xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Structure: The membrane-electrode assembly of fuel cell comprises catalyst. The membrane contains a polymer having sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphate group or their derivatives in side chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst of anode catalyst layer is platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy or platinum-transition metal alloy. The catalyst of cathode catalyst layer is platinum or platinum-transition metal alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolyte film is chosen from perfluorosulfonic-acid polymer, hydrocarbon-type polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, doped polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone, polysulfone and their acid and base. The liquid sealant is silicon sealant, butyl rubber-type sealant, polysulfide-type sealant, acryl-type sealant, epoxy-type sealant or fluorine rubber-type sealant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The reductant feed unit comprises feed unit for feeding a liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: Each of current collectors is a metallic conductor formed of a metal including first transition series metal. The metal is nickel, copper, iron or their alloys. The catalytic material is noble metal and/or precious metal, or preferably palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, gold or silver. Each matrix has a catalytic material and matrix weight ratio of 0.01:0.25, and catalytic material and particulate carbon weight ratio of 0.01:0.25. Each of first and second matrices totally comprises 0.1-2.0 mg catalytic material/g polymer. Each of catalytic portions comprises greater than or equal to 2 mg catalytic material/cm2 polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid is methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The first matrix is hydrophobic. Each of first and second matrices has a minimum gaseous porosity of greater than or equal to 0.1 mu m diameter. The polymer is a high density polyethylene. The central membrane is formed of a sulfonic perfluoro polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The CO adsorption agent reduces material chosen from silica, alumina, activated carbon, graphite and polystyrene type resin support copper halide and/or copper halide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolytic membrane is formed by solid polymer materials such as a fluoropolymer, and the perfluorocarbon polymer which has a sulfonic-acid-type perfluorocarbon polymer, a polysulphone resin, a phosphonic acid group, or a carboxylic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A polyolefin resin layer is provided on both surfaces of a fibrous sheet or a porous sheet, or a polyolefin resin layer is provided on both surfaces of a polyethylene naphthalate film or a polyethylene terephthalate film, to form the compound film layer. The compound film layer is covered with polyolefin resin layer containing acid-modified polyolefin formed using polyethylene graft-modified with unsaturated carboxylic acid. The fibrous sheet consists of fully aromatic polyester fiber. The porous sheet consists of synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: None given. Preferred Compound: The fluorine-containing compound is preferably of formula: CF2=CFCF2C(-C(O)O-Q1-NHSO2-Rf1)HCH2CH=CH2, and alternately of formula (2). The fluorine-containing compound (2) is preferably of formula: CF2=CFCF2C(-C(O)O-Q1-NH2)HCH2CH=CH2.Q1=2-6C alkylene;Rf1=1-6C perfluoroalkyl;andZ'=H or -C(O)O-Q-NH2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: A polymer is obtained by polymerizing the fluorine-containing compound, and has weight average molecular weight of 1000-1000000. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 6 Specific fluorine-containing compounds are disclosed, such as fluorine-containing compound of formulae: CF2=CFCF2C(-C(O)O-CH2-CH2-NHSO2CF3)HCH2CH=CH2, CF2=CFCF2C(-C(O)O-CH2-CH2-NHSO2CF2CF3)HCH2CH=CH2, CF2=CFCF2C(-C(O)O-CH2-CH2-NHSO2(CF2)3CF3)HCH2CH=CH2, CF2=CFCH2C(-C(O)O-CH2-CH2-NHSO2CF3)HCH2CH=CH2, and CF2=CFCH2C(-C(O)O-CH2-CH2-NHSO2CF2CF3)HCH2CH=CH2.    EXAMPLE - Sodium hydrate (1.8 g), tetrahydrofuran (80 ml) and olefinic compound of formula: CH2=CHCH2CH(C(O)OC(CH3)3)2, (9.4 g) were stirred for 15 minutes, fluorosulfonic acid compound of formula: CF2=CFCF2OSO2F, was added. The mixture was reacted at 0 degrees C for 25 minutes, water was added, the solution was extracted using t-butyl methyl ether (50 ml) and dried under reduced pressure to obtain fluorine-containing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastic front sheet and back sheet are a laminated plastic material containing perfluoroethylene-perfluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride terpolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride), ethylene-chloro-trifluoro ethylene copolymer, poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene), liquid crystal polymer, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene naphthalate), poly(methyl methacrylate), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polycarbonate or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Electrode: The electrode containing carbon material is a positive electrode or a negative electrode. Preferred Arrangement: The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery consists of a laminated porous film having a heat-resistant porous layer containing heat-resistant resin and shutdown layer containing a thermoplastic resin, provided between the positive and negative electrodes, and an electrolyte solution containing an ester solvent. Preferred Composition: The positive electrode further contains a compound (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (A) is chosen from sodium ferrite, sodium nickelate, sodium-cobalt oxide, sodium-manganese oxide, sodium-iron oxide of formula: NaFe1-xM1xO2, sodium-nickel oxide of formula: NaNi1-xM1xO2, sodium-cobalt oxide of formula: NaCo1-xM1xO2, and sodium-manganese oxide of formula: NaMn1-xM1xO2.M1=trivalent metal;andx=0-0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material contains 100 mass ppm or less of alkali and alkaline-earth metals. The ester is chosen from propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, isopropyl methyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate. Preferred Conditions: The heat processing is performed in presence of an oxidizing gas, at 1100-2700 degrees C. Preferred Property: The carbon material has packing density of 0.5-0.8 g/cm3. EXAMPLE - Tetraphenyl calyx (4) resorcinarene was heated at 300 degrees C for 1 hour in a rotary kiln, in an argon atmosphere, and pulverized, to obtain carbon material having packing density of 0.71 g/cm3 and Brunauer Emmett Teller surface area of 490 m2/g. A battery formed using a positive electrode containing the obtained carbon material, had excellent charging/discharging cycle characteristics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The organic electrolyte material is an organic conjugate conformation and a salt containing segment. The salt containing segment has a property of carrying negative charged ions. The organic conjugate conformation comprises polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyfluorene, polycarbazole, polythiophene, and poly(fluorene-triphenylamine). The organic conjugate conformation is small molecular conformation, oligomer conformation, or polymer material conformation. The molecular chain conformation of the organic conjugate conformation is main chain conformation, side chain conformation, star shape chain conformation, or branched chain conformation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The electrolyte resin is a polymer in which silicon-oxygen structure is formed by polymerization of a monomer such as hydrocarbonoxysilane compound or silanol compound. The non-proton conductive polymer is hydrocarbon-based polymer or fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lower insulating layer contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Particles: The organic polymer particles contain polystyrene and/or polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The absorber layer is made of copper indium diselenide, copper indium disulphide or mixture of copper indium diselenide and copper indium disulphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A lithium battery comprises the organic electrolyte solution, a cathode, and an anode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The silane-based compound is of formula (2), preferably of formula (3).m,n=1-15;andR1-R4=1-10C (un)substituted alkyl.Preferred Composition: An organic electrolyte solution contains silane-based compound (0.5-60 weight parts, preferably 1-20 weight parts) with respect to organic solvent (100 weight parts). Preferred Solvent: The high permittivity solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and gamma -butylactone, preferably propylene carbonate. The organic solvent further comprises low boiling point solvent chosen from dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane and fatty acid ester derivative. EXAMPLE - Silane-based compound (1 weight%) of formula (3a), and 1 M of lithium perchlorate were added to organic solvent formed of propylene carbonate, to obtain an organic electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The low melting point metal-based material comprises indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Content: The electrolyte is gel electrolyte having vinylidene fluoride component (70-100 wt.%) as a matrix polymer. Preferred Conditions: The electrolyte is prepared by mixing electrolyte solution and matrix polymer of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, electrolyte solution including electrolyte salt of lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate, dissolved in non-aqueous solvent including cyclic carbonic ester (80-100%). Preferred Properties: The anode active material layer during charging has calorific value of less than or equal to 450 (preferably less than or equal to 400) J/g at 230-370 degrees C, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The anode active material layer during charging has difference of less than or equal to 1.6 W/g, maximum calorific value and calorific value at of 1000 degrees C. The maximum calorific value and calorific value at 100 degrees C is less than or equal to 1.4 W/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous solvent for electrolyte is prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate (preferably), propylene carbonate (preferably), dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and/or diethyl carbonate. The solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Preferred Content: The non-aqueous solvent includes propylene carbonate (30-80%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An optical permeability plastic material surrounds a heat collecting pipe. A heat transfer medium is a methanol, ethanol, Freon(RTM: chlorofluorocarbon and hydro chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants), ammonia solution, acetone and carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low molecular weight solvent comprises ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The striping reducing agent comprises an ether/oleate-based organic (preferably polyoxyethylene(4) lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, or polyoxyethylene(10) isooctylphenyl ether). The striping reducing agent comprises ethanol (at least 50 wt.%). The silica sol comprises ether/oleate-based organic (up to 10, preferably 5, especially 2.5 wt.%). Preferred Method: In method (M2), the curing and/or firing of the coating layer is carried out at 550 to 700 degrees C. EXAMPLE - A solvent mixture (m1) (64 wt.%) containing (wt.%) ethanol (100), glycydoxylpropyltrimethoxysilane (24), water (7) and hydrochloric acid (5) was prepared by mixing all the above ingredients for 24 h. A coating solution was prepared by using a polymeric solution (21 wt.%), colloidal silica in methyl ethyl ketone (7 wt.%) and solvent mixture (m1)(72 wt.%). This was stirred for 2 hrs to give silica sol. The silica coating was fabricated using the draw down bar method. The coatings were dried at room temperature for 2 minutes then cured in oven at 220 degrees C for 2.5 minutes and tempered in belt furnace at 625 degrees C for 10 minutes. The striping does not appear at a wet thickness of 70 mu m when heated to 220 degrees C and 50 mu m when heated to 625 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the coating layers comprises (pts.wt.) mercury-replacement slow release formulation (5-10), modified starch (50-80), polyacrylamide (20-40), polyvinyl alcohol (1-10), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1-5), and auxiliary agent. Preferred Components: The substrate paper is wood fiber paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating element is made of thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The group 15 element is nitrogen, phosphorus or arsenic. The group 16 element is oxygen, sulfur, or selenium. The group 17 element is fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains halogenated carbonate which is fluoroethylene carbonate. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains carbonate which has carbon-carbon bonds. The carbonate is vinylene carbonate. The battery has high molecular compound swollen with electrolyte solution. The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal electrode contains metal chosen from silver, copper, gold, platinum, palladium and nickel. The transparent electrode thin film is formed from metal oxide such as titanium oxide, tin oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tin-antimony oxide and/or zinc-aluminum oxide. Preferred Layer: The photoelectric transducer has crystalline silicon layer or amorphous silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat or photocurable transparent adhesive contains polyester unsaturated compound such as unsaturated polyester or saturated polyester having (meth)acryloyl group, and 0.1-15 volume% of electroconductive fine particles with respect to polyester unsaturated compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - A lateral heat distribution layer is a ceramic layer manufactured by the pyrolysis of an organic precursor compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A vapor-deposited layer comprises the mineral fiber boards, polyurethane-foam or a gypsum board. A graphite film of lateral heat distribution layer is connected with a compressed graphite expandate layer by carbonation residue of phenolic resin, epoxide resin, polyurethane resin, furanic resin, pitch or other binding materials. The graphite film of lateral heat distribution layer is connected with the compressed graphite expandate layer by surface-active substance of the groups of an organosilicon compound, a perfluorinated compound, metallic sodium soap, metallic potassium soap, metallic magnesium soap or metallic calcium soap.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The bicomponent fiber is tested in accordance with UNI 10171 and UNI 10172 standards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The surfactant comprises a sulfur-free organic compound and/dispersing agent. The surfactant is an ionomer comprising one of nafion and hyfion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate is chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. The metal hydride is chosen from alkaline metal boron hydride, alkaline metal aluminum hydride, alkaline metal hydride, and alkaline earth metal hydride, preferably sodium boron hydride. The aqueous solution of the container (I) comprises acid chosen from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid and maleic acid. Preferred Composition: The content of alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate is 0-30 weight% with respect to the weight of aqueous solution. Preferred Component: The hydrogen generator further comprises a container (III) containing aqueous solution comprising acid. The supply unit supplies the aqueous solution of the container (I) to the container (II) at a controlled rate. The supply unit supplies the metal hydride of the container (II) to the container (I) at a controlled rate. Preferred Process: An aqueous solution of alkaline metal carbonate or bicarbonate is supplied to container (I) of the hydrogen generator and metal hydride is supplied to container (II) of the hydrogen generator. The aqueous solution and metal hydride are contacted in supply unit of the hydrogen generator, to produce hydrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: A non-aqueous secondary battery has positive electrode (1), negative electrode (2), and non-aqueous electrolyte (4) comprising lithium-containing transition-metal chalcogenide and lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium-containing transition-metal chalcogenide is an oxide chosen from lithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium-nickel oxide (LiNiO2), lithium-manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (LiNixCoyO2, where sum of x and y is 1), and lithium-nickel-cobalt-metal oxide (LiNipCoqMrO2, where sum of p, q and r is 1, and M is chosen from boron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, strontium, indium, tin and lanthanide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cellulose is chosen from carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and their salts. The content of cellulose which covers the particles surface is 0.1-5 mass% with respect to lithium-containing transition-metal chalcogenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An anti-reflection film and anti-reflection protective film are formed on the thin film by supplying magnesium fluoride inside a working chamber. The plating of the transparent conductive electrode or comb-shaped electrode is performed by mixing and sintering zinc oxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The polycrystalline silicon thin film is made of czochralski silicon, polycrystalline silicon or amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The method includes adding reducer. The ball mill includes normal ball mill or high energy ball mill. The vacuum drying is carried out in vacuum drier or under pressure lower than normal pressure. Preferred Components: The reducer is hydrazine hydrate, hydrazine, diammonium, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxyl ammonium, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, aluminum lithium hydride or titanium trichloride. The ferrous lithium phosphate is present at 1-12 wt.% based on reactants. The doping agent is sulfate, chloride, nitrate, carbonate, oxide, hydroxide or base carbonate of manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, tin and/or zirconium. The lithium salt includes lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium oxalate, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate and/or lithium phosphate. The ferrous salt is ferrous oxalate, ferrous acetate, ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate and/or ferrous carbonate. The phosphate is ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and/or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The inert gas and weak reducing acetylene is nitrogen, argon, mixture of nitrogen and argon, mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, mixture of argon and hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or dewatered and deoxidized air. When reactant includes sodium hypophosphite, the mole ratio of lithium ion, iron ion, phosphate ion, hypophosphorous acid, and doping agent is x:y:(1-z):k:m, respectively.k=z-2 multiplied by z;(m+y)=0.96-1.20;x=0.45-1.20;(x+k)=0.9-1.30;y=0.95-1.10;andz=0.001-0.40.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon containing compound or carbon powder is polypropylene, polyacrylamide, glucose, sucrose, starch, graphite powder and/or acetylene black. The carbon containing compound or carbon powder is present at 1-20 wt.%. The wet milling medium is de-ionized water, distilled water, purified water, ethanol, acetone, propanol, methanol and/or formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (A) consists of a resin containing infrared-permeable coloring agent. The layer (C) consists of a resin containing white pigment. The layer (B) consists of thermoplastic resin (I) with a glass transition temperature of 120 degrees C or more, and layers (A,C) consists of thermoplastic resin (II) with a glass transition temperature lower that that of resin (I). The resin (II) is rubber-reinforced styrene resin formed by polymerizing vinylic monomer including aromatic vinyl compound and other copolymerizable monomer in presence of rubbery polymer, and/or styrene resin containing (co)polymer of vinylic monomer. The rubbery polymer is chosen from ethylene- alpha -olefin type rubber, hydrogenated conjugated diene type rubber, acrylic type rubber, silicone type rubber, and/or silicone acryl composite rubber. The resin (I) is rubber reinforced vinyl type resin formed by polymerizing vinylic monomer in presence of rubbery polymer, and vinyl type resin containing (co)polymer of vinylic monomer. The styrene resin contains maleimide type unit (1-30 mass%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst used in Friedel Crafts reaction is aluminum chloride. The solvent used in nucleophilic addition reactions (A) and (B) is dimethylacetamide. The chemically-modified fullerene contains 1-12 modified structure of formula: X-C-C-H or X-C-C-Y'.X,Y'=SO3M or PO(OM)2. EXAMPLE - Fullerene C60 (in mg) (720), diethyl phosphite (690), dioxane (200 ml) and lithium hydride (40) were mixed and heat-stirred at 80 degrees C for 4 days, to obtain fullerene phosphonate. The obtained fullerene phosphonate (500), trimethylsilyl bromide (1 g) and water were mixed and trans-esterified at room temperature overnight, to obtain phosphonated fullerene. Polyether sulfone resin (in g) (1.38), fullerene phosphonate (1.26), dichloromethane (150), aluminum chloride (0.26) were mixed and stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The resultant reaction liquid was coated on glass plate and dried, to obtain proton conducting membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst metal layer is spaced apart on the surface of substrate, and two or more catalyst metal layers are formed. A groove (1a) is formed between catalyst metal layers, for enabling separation of graphene sheet grown from one catalyst metal layer and graphene sheet grown from another catalyst metal layer. Before supplying the carbon-containing gas, the container is made into vacuum state or is filled with a specific gas. The substrate surface is activated. The height of catalyst metal layer is made smaller than the diameter of carbon nanotube. The graphene sheet formed on the surface of substrate is transferred to a transfer component (7), and is removed from the substrate. Preferred Components: The surface of substrate is coated with silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxyfluoride, boron nitride, hydrogen silsesquioxane, xerogel, aerogel, polynaphthalene, amorphous carbon fluoride, silicon oxycarbide, methyl silsesquioxane, or black diamond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst metal layer contains tungsten, nickel, iron, cobalt, yttrium, palladium, platinum, gold, molybdenum, silver, copper, and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The carbon-containing gas is methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, alcohol, carbon dioxide, and/or carbon monoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The battery comprises exterior component having laminated films.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic element is nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The battery further contains high-molecular compound which is swollen by the non-aqueous electrolyte. Preferred Component: The high-molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The ( beta )-diketone (1) is acetylacetone.    EXAMPLE - Lithium cobalt complex oxide (in weight parts) (94), polyvinylidene fluoride (3) and N-methylpyrrolidone (3) were mixed, coated on aluminum foil and dried, to obtain anode. Polyvinylidene fluoride (in weight parts) (3), graphite (97) and N-methyl pyrrolidone were mixed, coated on copper foil and dried, to obtain cathode. Ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium-hexafluorophosphate and nickel (II), acetylacetonate were mixed in mass ratio 35/51/1/13.9/0.1, to obtain electrolyte solution. The anode and cathode were laminated using separator and impregnated into electrolyte solution. Thus, battery is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal in the organometallic compound is chosen from gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, osmium and/or ruthenium. The conductive carbon microparticles are chosen from activated carbon, glassy carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon fiber, carbon felt, carbon cross, graphite, graphite nanofiber, graphite felt, graphite cross, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, fullerene, fullerene nanocrystal, fullerene nanofiber and/or carbon aerogel. Preferred Property: The metal ultrafine particle has average particle diameter of 5 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organometallic compound is metal-containing organic molecule. Preferred Property: The organometallic compound has thermal decomposability by heating. Preferred Process: The organic solvent is removed and the carbon organometallic compound microparticles are concentrated during manufacturing process of catalyst precursor. An organic material of carbon organometallic compound microparticles is removed by heating, such that the organometallic compound is thermally decomposed and the metal is reduced, to obtain carbon metal compound microparticles having metal ultrafine particles (3) on the conductive carbon microparticles. Thus, catalyst is manufactured. EXAMPLE - Bis(3,5-dimethyl-3-ol 1-hexynyl)platinum(II) was dissolved in acetone (100 ml), carbon black (100 mg) was added, stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, stirred, and the excess organic platinum compound was removed, to obtain carbon organometallic compound microparticles. Then, the obtained carbon organometallic compound microparticles were dried at 100 degrees C for 10 minutes, concentrated, and acetone was removed, to obtain catalyst precursor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The weight ratio of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) or poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) is 0-80%. The weight ratio of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is 30-80%. The weight ratio of ethylene carbonate to propylene carbonate is 0-5. The weight ratio of ethylene carbonate to lithium iodide is 0.1-2. The weight ratio of ethylene carbonate to iodine is 0.01-0.2. The weight ratio of ethylene carbonate to 4-t-butylpyridine is 0.1-1. EXAMPLE - Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (2 g) and ethylene carbonate (6.16 g) were dissolved in acetone (6 ml) and stirred at 60 degrees C to obtain polymer membrane support having weight ratio of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, lithium iodide, iodine and 4-t-butylpyridine of 1:2:0.17:0.033:0.17. The obtained support as quasi-solid electrolyte prevented solar cell from leaking and lowering light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The electrical insulation paper is formed from a manmade fiber from glass or ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The formation of photovoltaic backsheet further comprises applying chemical additive(s) to the electrical insulation paper before the coating. Preferred Components: The chemical additive comprises an alkyl ketene dimer, an acrylic stearic anhydride, or an alkenyl succinic anhydride. The electrical insulation paper has a continuous duty temperature rating of greater than or equal to 105 degrees C and a relative temperature index of 90 degrees C. The electrical insulation paper is formed from a pulp from cotton, cotton linter, softwood kraft, hardwood kraft, bamboo, jute, flax, kenaf, Cannabis, abaca, sisal, linen, ramie, bagasse, rice, esparto, wheat, rye, or Sabal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is a moisture resistant coating ( approximately 1.5-5 wet pounds/1000 ft2) comprising a styrene butadiene rubber based polymer and/or an acrylic based polymer; or a nylon-11 from Rilsan BESNO TL(RTM: polyamide resin) coated to a thickness of 4-12 mils. The nylon-11 layer(s) has a continuous duty temperature rating of greater than or equal to 125 degrees C and a relative temperature index of 105 degrees C. The electrical insulation paper is formed from a manmade fiber from aramid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The moisture repellent is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether sulfone, fluorinated ethylene propylene or copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. The porous conductive base layer-forming material is carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber woven cloth, non-woven fabric, carbon black paper or foam metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The suspending medium is a polyethylenglycol with a molar mass of 200-800 g/mole, or propylencarbonate. The auxiliary substance is sodium chloride and/or calcium chloride or is a compound of group of carboxylic acid derivative with up to 20 carbon atoms, polycarboxylic acid, polyglycol different from the suspending medium, urea compound and/or wax dispersion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine polymer is methylfluoroalkoxy fluorinated ethylene polymer (MFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer and/or amorphous fluoropolymers (AF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device has a heat conducting layer that is made from polyimide or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogel further contains hydroxyl group-containing compound chosen from alcohol compound, phenolic compound, carboxylic compound and sugar compound, or hyaluronic compound. Preferred Property: The diamond-like carbon film has hydrogen content of 1 atomic% or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer gel and liner macromolecule of polymer gel are graft copolymerized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fuel storage container consists of a fuel storage bag having an adhesive layer, a barrier layer, and a surface layer. The adhesive layer consists of polyethylene, polypropylene, or ionomer resin. The barrier layer consists of aluminum foil, polyvinylidene chloride, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, aluminum, or silica vapor-deposited film. The surface layer consists of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, cellophane, cloth, paper, or nonwoven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electroconductive high molecular compounds (cationic organic compounds or anionic organic compound) are polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrroles which has acidic group or preferably benzoquinone which has basic group (preferably amino group) or oxammoniums. The anionic organic compound is benzoquinone or dihydrobenzoquinone which has acidic group (preferably sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphoric acid group or phenolic hydroxyl group) or oxammoniums which have acidic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anion-exchange membrane is a solid polymer membrane containing quaternary ammonium group, pyridinium group, imidazolium group, phosphonium group, and/or sulfonium group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The transparent resin (a) is non-silane modified transparent resin. The silane-modified transparent resin is silane-modified copolymer of ethylenic unsaturated silane compound and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent protective layer (a) contains polycarbonate. The transparent protective layer (b) contains acrylic resin and benzophenone series organic material, benzotriazole type organic material, benzoate type organic material, salicylate type organic material and/or cyanoacrylate type organic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Flexible or rigid sheet metals according to European union-10327(EN-10327) standard with a quality of Deep galvanized-51D (DX51D) standard with a coating of Aluminum zinc-185 (AZ185) standard.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive is polyurethane adhesive glue or a reactive polyolefin adhesive. Four layers are provided, where the fourth layer, made of polymer-modified bitumen, is coated. The latter and the fourth layer is produced by self-adhesive bitumen layers from polymer modified bitumen based on styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene or atactic polypropylene and sticky resin. A separation layer is provided, which is a film, particularly polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester or polyurethane film. An upper layer is provided as a patterned or non-patterned thermoplastic elastomer layer, where another layer is provided as an ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer layer with integrated glass fabric and a third layer is provided as a thermoplastic elastomer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The cathode plates, positioning plate and the anode channel plate are made of a fiber glass substrate and a ceramic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bearing plates of the structure is made of hard metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cathode plates, positioning plate and the anode channel plate are made of a material such as resistant and non-conductive technical plastic substrate, carbon reinforced plastic substrate, epoxy resin substrate, and polymer plastic substrate. The cushions of the structure are made of rubber. The adhesive strip of the structure is made from polypropylene adhesives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive is made from moisture-cured or two-part reactive mixed urethane system, an epoxy, or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sheet is a metal sheet. The sheet comprises a metal film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolyte isolation barrier wall is formed of a material including an adhesive. The electrolyte isolation barrier wall is formed of rubber.
EXAMPLE - Butyl 065 (RTM: butyl rubber) (in weight parts) (25), SEPTON 2063 (RTM: styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer) (5), Escorez ECR-235E (RTM: alicyclic tackifying resin) (45), HV-300 (RTM: liquid polybutene) (13), Biscole 550P (RTM: paraffin wax) (10), 1,3-bis(aminopropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane (1), Sumilizer GA-80 (RTM: phenolic antioxidant) (0.5) and Irganox 1200 (RTM: phosphorous group antioxidant) (0.5) were mixed to obtain hot-melt composition. The obtained composition was applied on groove portion of aluminum frame, and left at 20 degrees C and 50% relative humidity for 1 day. The aluminum frame was further left for 10 minutes at 40 degrees C. A glass panel was immediately inserted into the groove portion of aluminum frame, to form a component having seal structure. The obtained component was subjected to tension test. The result showed that the strength and adhesiveness of the component were favorable.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The current collector comprises a carbon-fiber sheet impregnated or laminated with a non-porous material. The current collector includes a graphite-based material, a carbon-based material, or a metal-based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The current collector comprises a plastic or electrical conductive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The ratio of a total weight of at least one succinic acid anhydride to trialkylsilyl borate compound is 1:1. The weight ratio of organic solvent to a total weight of succinic acid anhydride and trialkylsilyl borate compound is 0.01:100 to 10:100. The lithium salt is present in a concentration of 0.6-2 M with respect to organic solvent. Preferred Components: The succinic acid anhydride compound is of formula (I) or (II). The trialkylsilyl borate compound includes trimethylsilyl borate. The organic solvent includes at least one dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and/or vinylene carbonate. The organic solvent further includes at least one an ester-based solvent, ether-based solvent, ketone-based solvent and/or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.R1-R4=1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkenyl or 1-10C alkoxy (all optionally substituted by halo), H or halo. EXAMPLE - Lithium hexaflurophosphate (LiPF6) (1 M) in a non-aqueous mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, methylethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 1:1:1 was prepared as a preliminary electrolyte solution followed by adding a mixture (0.05 wt.%) of succinic acid anhydride and trimethylsilyl borate to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte solution (test). A comparative solution was prepared similarly without adding succinic acid anhydride and trimethylsilyl borate. The charge or discharge performance and lifespan of both solutions under constant current-constant voltage and current, was determined. The charge or discharge capacity (mAh) of test/comparative shown by for 300 and 500 cycles were 807/770 and 793/450 respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant contains phenolic antioxidant and hindered amine antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of hydrogenated paraffin-type process oil is 40-80 weight%, high-molecular-weight styrene-type block copolymer is 5-30 weight% and polyphenylene-ether resin or modified polyphenylene ether resin is 0.5-10 weight%. EXAMPLE - PW-90 (RTM: hydrogenated paraffin-type process oil) (in weight parts) (40), Septon 4055 (RTM: high-molecular-weight styrene-type block copolymer) (13.5), Xyron 500H (RTM: modified polyphenylene ether resin) (6), Escorez ECR-235E (RTM: alicyclic tackifying resin) (18), Glass bubble K-37 (RTM: hollow filler) (18), Irganox 168 (RTM: phosphorus-type antioxidant) (1.5), LA-63 (RTM: hindered amine-type antioxidant) (1.5) and Irganox 1010 (RTM: phenolic-type antioxidant) (1.5) were heat-mixed to obtain hot-melt composition. The obtained composition was coated on aluminum frame, and hot-melt composition was reheated and fused to obtain solar cell panel. The solar cell panel was easily dissected after use, and had favorable cooling-heat cycle characteristics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The burning is programmed to have continuous release of energy through sequential activation of the burning of individual capsules, where burning of capsules is done in a water solution or in gas filled chamber. An oxidizer is placed in the vicinity of the capsule. In the method, thermites such as Al powder are added to the capsule to release more energy. The capsule is coated with a shell containing magnetic nanoparticles to allow capsule navigation with an applied magnetic field. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titania barrier layer is prepared from the material of titanium propoxide, titanium butoxide and/or titanium pentoxide through a sol-gel reaction. The titania contained in the porous titania film is anatase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nanofiber A with filament number of greater than or equal to 500 comes from polyester. The thread B which is temporary twist crimping textured yarn comes from polyester. The multilayered structure woven knitted products are knitted fabrics which have knitted structure. Preferred Process: The multilayered structure woven knitted products have stickiness force of below 98 cN (100 gr) measured by mounting knitted fabric (15 cm long, 6 cm wide) on metal roller (8 cm diameter), attaching one end to stress strain gage and other end with clip of 9.8 cN (10 gf), pouring water (5 cm3) between metal roller and knitted fabric with injection device, rotating metal roller with surface velocity of 7 cm/s and measuring tensile strength in stress strain gage which evaluates maximum value of stickiness force. Preferred Parameter: The diffusion area (mm2) of knitted products on back after dropping one droplet of water from material back surface by dropping method according to JISL1907-5.1.1 and 3 minutes pass is below 50 mm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The aromatic polyamide has amine group-containing compound of formula (I-IV) as structural unit.R1=group having ring;R2,R15-R17=aromatic group;R3,R4,R7,R8,R11, R12=arbitrary group;R5,R6=electron withdrawing group;R10=silicon-containing group, phosphorus-containing group, halogenated hydrocarbon or group containing ether bond;R13,R14=6-12C arbitrary group having phenyl;l+m+n=50-100;l-n=0-100;ando=0-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the photovoltaic module, one or more compounds are used as the plasticizer, where the polarity of the compounds is expressed by the quotient O/(C+H), which is less than or equal to 9.4 and where O, C and H represent the number of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen, respectively, in each molecule. The compounds, which are used as the plasticizer, are di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, dihexyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, di-2-butoxyethylhexyl sebacate or triethylene glycol-bis-2-ethylhexonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high viscous polyvinyl acetal has a viscosity of 50-100 mPas and the low viscous polyvinyl acetal has a viscosity of 10-100 mPas. The molar ratio between the high viscous polyvinyl acetal and low viscous polyvinyl acetal is 1:1-19:1. The high viscous polyvinyl acetal has a polyvinyl acetal content of 10-27 wt.%. The high viscous and the low viscous polyvinyl acetal have the same polyvinyl acetal content. The polyvinyl acetal based plasticized sheets contain less than 50 ppm of metal ions (preferably 0.001-5 wt.% of silicon dioxide). In the photovoltaic module, polyvinyl acetal polyvinyl butyral is used as the high viscous and the low viscous polyvinyl acetal. EXAMPLE - Typical composition of the plasticized sheets based on polyvinyl acetal comprised (in %) of: high viscous polyvinyl butyral (60) having a viscosity of 60-90 mPas (5% solution); low viscous polyvinyl butyral (20) having a viscosity of 60-90 mPas (10% solution); and triethylene glycol-bis-2-ethyl hexanoate (20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The foil is made of polyvinyl acetal, which comprises polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 20 wt.% and polyvinyl acetal content of less than 5 wt.%. The plasticizer is di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, dihexyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, di-2-butoxyethyl sebacate and triethylenglycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate. Polyvinyl butyral is used as polyvinyl acetal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binding material layer comprises polydimethylsiloxane and insulating polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pump in the electrochemical plating cell has fluid source that supplies electrolyte containing copper salt selected from copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper acetate, copper pyrophosphate and copper fluoroborate, to the metallized surface and the electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pump in the electrochemical plating cell has fluid source that supplies electrolyte containing metal ion consisting of silver, nickel, zinc or tin, to the metallized surface and the electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrically insulating units comprise materials used as rear sheets for solar modules including polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The powder containing polyamide is a crushed material of waste material of resin sealant obtained from polyamide. The alkali-proof fiber is cellulose and/or polyvinyl alcohol. The aggregate containing alkali-proof fiber is a cut article of waste material of separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder material is a polyvinylidene fluoride. The inorganic material powder is a ceramic powder and the membranous polymers resin powder is a porous bead having polymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The primary electrically conductive fiber is polyacrylonitrile-type carbon fiber. The fuel cell has a membrane electrode assembly containing diffused layer, electrolytic membrane, and catalyst layer, and a distribution component for supplying oxidizing agent to diffused layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The electroconductive high molecular compound is an electroconductive high molecular compound of polyethylene dioxythiophene type or polyaniline type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The air hole of the liquid movement sheet is filled with hydrophilic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metal oxide is zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, tungstic trioxide, strontium titanate and/or iron oxide. EXAMPLE - Pellets of polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate having intrinsic viscosity of 0.63 were melt-kneaded at 305 degrees C. The kneaded product was extruded in die having surface temperature of 60 degrees C, and cooled to obtain unstretched film. The film was pre-heated at 120 degrees C, and then heated at 850 degrees C. A coating agent was applied on surface of film, and dried. The coating film was stretched and heated to produce a resin film. 2,2-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (in wt.pts) (40), Desmodur N320 (RTM: acrylic resin) (54) and isocyanate group curing agent (6) were mixed to obtain a coating liquid. The coating liquid was applied on resin film and dried to form a light resistant layer having thickness of 2 mu m. A dispersion liquid of zinc oxide microparticles having average particle diameter of 34 nm was applied on heat-resistant layer and dried to form light resistant layer having thickness of 0.1 mu m. A light-resistant film was produced. The film had light transmittance of 39.4% and excellent light resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat insulation and preservation filling material is a polyurethane foaming material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight percentage of H20 sorber inside composite getter system is 10-50%. Preferred Components: The alkaline earth metal oxide is calcium oxide (CaO) and/or magnesium oxide (MgO). The alkaline getter metal oxide is CaO.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymeric matrix has H2O transmission lower than 10 g mm/m2d at 25 degrees C, 60% relative humidity, melting temperature lower than 170 degrees C, and shear force resistance of greater than or equal to 0.3 N/mm2. Preferred Components: The material forming polymeric matrix is ethylvinylacetate (EVA), low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyether block amides (PEBA), ionomeric resins, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylbutyral (PVB), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPR), ethylene propylene diene monomer rubbers (EPDM) or butyl rubbers. The polymeric matrix comprises EVA and EPR.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition further contains inorganic filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The melamine derivative is melamine. EXAMPLE - EST-280 (RTM: modified-silicone resin) (in wt.parts) (30), Nonnen R064-3 (RTM: ammonium polyphosphate type flame retardant) (22.5), M-300J (RTM: surface-treated calcium carbonate) (30), melamine (30), diisodecyl phthalate (10) as diluent and dibutyl tin diacetyl acetonate (0.34) as tin-type catalyst were mixed at 100 degrees C under reduced pressure, to obtain flame-retardant composition. The sheet-like hardened film formed using the composition had excellent flame retardance. The adhesive agent and filler for junction box comprising the flame-retardant composition, were excellent in flame retardance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The composite getter material comprises zeolite, silica gel, alumina and alkaline earth metal oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric material (14) is chosen from ethylvinylacetate (EVA), low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE), Polyether block amide (PEBA), ionomeric resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyvinylidiene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylbutyral (PVB) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPR), ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubbers (EPDM) and butyl rubbers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing accelerator is a phosphorus compound having a molecular weight of 300-1000 of formula P(R1)(R2)(R3) or (P+)(R1)(R2)(R3)(X-), a salt of a diazabicyclo compound and an organic acid, a urea derivative of formula X'-NH-CO-N(Y1)Z, an imidazole compound having a molecular weight of greater than or equal to 100 or a tertiary amine compound having a molecular weight of 120-1000.R1-R4=functional group selected from H, alkyl, aralkyl or aryl or their derivatives;X=four-coordinated boron compound, halogen or six-coordinated antimony compound;X'=(un)saturated alkyl or aryl or their derivatives;andY1 and Z=(un)saturated alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of the curing agent is 0.8-1.2 equivalents per one epoxy group of the epoxy resin. The content of curing accelerator is 0.01-10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the curing agent. The content of the carbon material is 35-85 mass.% based on the total amount of (C1). The carbon material has a crystal plane distance of 0.3362-0.3390 nm. The curing agent has at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule. The epoxy resin is a multifunctional epoxy resin. EXAMPLE - A resin composition (test) comprising (wt.%) EOCN-1020-65 (RTM: orthocresol novolak type resin) (12.1), RESITOP PSM4261 (RTM: phenyl novolak) (6.1), salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene-orthophthalic acid (1.2), isotropic artificial graphite (average particle diameter 75 mu m) (77.7) and carnauba wax (2.9) was prepared. Similarly a comparative was prepared using salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene-phenyl novolak in place of salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene-orthophthalic acid. Both test/comparative were evaluated for flexural strength. Results showed that test/comparative had flexural strength of 69/30 MPa respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The counter electrode comprises an upper transparent substrate (140) comprising glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The metal oxide layer comprises magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, strontium oxide, niobium oxide, or strontium titanate. The electrolyte comprises a solution comprising iodine, or lithium iodide dissolved in 3-methoxyacetonitrile to provide an electron to a dye by an oxidation-reduction reaction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dye comprises ruthenium series dye which can absorb solar light and emit an electron. The electrolyte comprises a solution comprising 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium iodide, or 4-tert-butylpyridine dissolved in 3-methoxyacetonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The upper transparent substrate comprises plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pipe is comprised of fins that are made of copper, brass and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nucleating agent comprises bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and disodium salt. The diluent comprises glycerol triacetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The impermeable laminated film is provided for water or oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is selected from polyetherimide or polyaryletheretherketone i.e. PEEK (RTM: high performance thermoplastic).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Medium: The dispersion medium is fluorine-type dispersion medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substance: The low-melting solution temperature substance is methanol, ethanol, propanol and/or glycerin. Preferred Process: The heat absorbing/releasing capsule is dispersed to the dispersion medium, to obtain heat absorbing/releasing capsule dispersion liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The heat absorbing/releasing capsule has microcapsule wall. Preferred Compound: The microcapsule wall and microcapsulation agent is hydraulic urethane monomer or urethane prepolymer. Preferred Property: The heat absorbing/releasing capsule has average particle diameter of 1 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic-solvent dispersion liquid of micro-capsulation phase change material is obtained by dispersing water-soluble phase-transition agent particles in organic solvent containing micro-capsulation agent through dispersion film (4). The organic-solvent dispersion liquid of micro-capsulation phase change material excludes surfactant. Preferred Compound: The micro-capsulation agent is monomer of hydraulic urethane or prepolymer of urethane. The phase-change material is chosen from mineral salt hydrate, saccharide, alcohol, urea and thiourea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foils are made of materials such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, perfluoroalkoxy polymer, polyfluorethylene-propylene and polyethylenterephthalat .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive binder material comprises coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, meso-phase pitch, coke, activated carbon, carbon black and conjugate chain polymer or its derivative, and is chosen from poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(tetra-fluoro-ethylene), polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, copolymer and/or their derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The can of the battery is made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating element is coated with poly-ethylene or poly-ethylene-terephthalate. The separator of the assembly is made of thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The foil is made of polyvinyl acetal, which comprises polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 21 wt.% and polyvinyl acetal content of less than 5 wt.%. The plasticizer is di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, dihexyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, di-2-butoxyethyl sebacate and triethylenglycol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate. Polyvinyl butyral is used as polyvinyl acetal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high viscosity modifier is thermoplasticity rubber for multi-hole asphalt concrete. The tight separating plate is made of asphalt concrete, cement concrete, plastic and rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material conductive agent comprises conductive carbon black, superconductive carbon black, carbon nanofiber, and/or crystalline graphite flake. The anode current collector is 16-30 mu m thick aluminum foil. The cathode active substance comprises artificial graphite, natural graphite, carbon microsphere, and/or hard carbon material. The cathode material conductive agent comprises conductive carbon black, superconductive carbon black, and/or carbon nanofiber. The cathode current collector comprises 15-25 mu m thick rolled copper foil. Preferred Parameter: The lithium iron phosphate has an average granularity of 3-6 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode paste is aqueous or oily paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anode binder is polyvinylidene chloride. The diaphragm comprises single layer of polyethylene, or triple layers of polyethylene-polypropylene-polyethylene, where the layer thickness is 12-30 mu m. The polymer gelatinization is to be carried out at 60-120 degrees C under 500-2500 KPa for 2-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The segmented partitions and channel veins comprises synthetic moisture cured silyl modified polymer having melting temperature of 70 degrees C or more. The silyl modified polymer is chosen from silyl-modified polyether polymer, silyl-modified polyether-urethane polymer, silyl-modified polyester polymer and silyl-modified polyester-polyurethane polymer. The enclosure further comprises insulated foam. The molded enclosure comprises molded thermoplastic polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The support is a rigid support comprising glass, or quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The deposition of the cadmium sulfide layer is performed at 200-550 (preferably 300) degrees C, in the presence of a deposition gas comprising 0.1-30 (preferably 2) vol.% sulfur hexafluoride and 70-99.9 (preferably 98) vol.% argon at 1x 10-3-1x 10-2 (4x 10-3-5x 10-3) mbar and 6-18 (preferably 8) kV.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The rigid support comprises an inorganic transparent and heat-resistant material. The support is a flexible support comprising a metal sheet. The buffer material is antimony telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The support is a solid organic material comprising polycarbonate, PTFE, or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The stress-compensation layer is formed from a ductile material such as tin, gold, silver, lead, cadmium or indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second conductor layer is made of copper, aluminum, tin or an alloy of these metals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Water-free ethanol (1-5 ml) is added during by ball milling.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, polyvinyl alcohol, or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The front and rear panels and inner walls are made of polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer film consist of polysulfone, polyimide, polyether ketone and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The surface hardness of cladding material is set according to the specifications of JISK7215 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Multilayer compound film has polyester resin layer (D). Preferred Parameters: Multilayer compound film has Tm alpha of 100-155 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic oxide is aluminum oxide and/or silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol. Preferred Arrangement: An adhesive layer and weather-resistant base material are sequentially laminated on both surfaces of transfer layer. Preferred Process: The weather-resistant base material is adhered on the transfer-layer side of transfer sheet through adhesive layer. The transfer base material is then peeled from transfer layer. The weather-resistant base material is further adhered on the side which peeled the transfer base material through the adhesive layer. Thus, back surface protection sheet for solar cell is manufactured. EXAMPLE - Polyvinyl butyral resin was coated on single surface of biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film as transfer base material, to form a peeling layer. A solution containing hydrochloric acid (89.6 g), tetraethoxysilane (10.4) and water/isopropyl alcohol solution, was mixed with solution containing polyvinyl alcohol, and the resultant solution (A) was applied on the peeling layer to form a water-soluble polymeric layer. A silicon oxide film was formed on the polymeric layer. Subsequently, the solution (A) was further applied on the silicon oxide film to form another water-soluble polymeric layer. Thus, transfer sheet was produced. The back surface protection sheet for solar cell was formed using the obtained transfer sheet. The back surface protection sheet had water vapor permeation rate of 0.1 g/m2.day, and peeling strength of 8.1 N/15 mm, and 6.9 N/15 mm after leaving at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity for 1500 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic modifier is pyrrole. The initiator is ammonium persulfate. The emulsifying agent is cetyl benzene sodium sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The modified carbon nanotube material is prepared by using in situ polymerization method to coat an organic charge barrier nanolayer on the carbon nanotube wall, and forming core/shell structure material with the carbon nanotube as core and organic layer as shell. The modified carbon nanotube material preparation comprises adding 1-5 mL organic modifier, 0.1-3 g initiator and 4-8 g dispersant or emulsifying agent into the carbon nanotube in inert gas (preferably argon gas) atmosphere of 1-2 L/minute, ultrasonically stirring at room temperature, reacting for 0.5-10 hours at -5?oC to 5?oC, and drying. Preferred Component: The matrix material is polystyrene totally dissolved in ethyl acetate solution and stirred into uniform solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is polyimide type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive polymeric layer contains polyethylene dioxythiophene and/or polystyrene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electron-donating material is polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The enclosure container is formed from resin material which is not invaded by electrolyte solution (preferably aprotic organic solvent) and metallic lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is platinum, tin, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, iron, nickel, rhodium, copper, zinc, chrome and/or alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fuel resistant plastic is sulfonated polyether ether ketone (sPEEK), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lactone is chosen from ( epsilon )-caprolactone, delta -valerolactone, ( delta )-caprolactone and ( beta )-butyrolactone. The fluoroborate is lithium tetrafluoroborate, trifluoro(trifluoromethyl) lithium borate, vinyltrifluoro lithium borate, allyltrifluoro lithium borate, phenyltrifluoro lithium borate and ( beta )-styryltrifluoro lithium borate. The electrolyte solution contains halogenated carbonate which is fluoroethylene carbonate or vinylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular compound is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The separation membrane is a zeolite film. The separation membrane is selected from mordenite film, ZSM-5 type zeolite film, T-type zeolite film or ZSM-35 type zeolite film. The catalyst further contains metals such as platinum, palladium, gold, silver, rhodium and/or iridium. Preferred Process: The moisture content of the source gas is reduced to 15 volume% or less. The carbon monoxide concentration of the source gas is reduced, to obtain hydrogen containing gas. The obtained hydrogen containing gas is supplied to cathode side fuel of fuel cell system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The source gas is obtained by performing modification reaction and water gas shift reaction of hydrocarbon, alcohol or ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The bismuthiol is bismuthiol (A) and/or bismuthiol (B). The inert medium is ethyl ether, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, preferably ethyl alcohol. The oxidant is anhydrous trivalent iron salt, acid chlorates, chlorates, ammonium sulfate salt and/or benzoyl hydroperoxide, preferably anhydrous trivalent iron salt, acid chlorates or chlorates, more preferably anhydrous trivalent iron salt. The acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid and/or alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, preferably sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid, more preferably sulfuric acid. The detergent is methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or ethyl ether, preferably methyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol, more preferably ethyl alcohol. The substituted acrylate (1) is methyl methacrylate. Preferred Composition: The amount of substituted acrylate (1) and bismuthiol is 7-10 mol%, preferably 8-9 mol%. The amount of the oxidant is 4-8 mol%, preferably 5-7 mol%. The amount of the catalyst is 2-4%, preferably 3-4 mol%. Preferred Condition: The reaction is performed at 0-40?oC, preferably 15-25?oC, and pH of 0-2, preferably 0-1. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=H or 1-8C alkyl, preferably H or 1-4C alkyl .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: A separation film of lithium ion battery is polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyolefin film, multilayered film, microporous film, or film formed using cloth or non-woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hole blocking layer is n-type oxide semiconductor containing titanium oxide, zinc oxide, stannic acid, indium oxide or niobium oxide, preferably titanium oxide or zinc oxide. The photoelectric converting layer contains metallic compound, basic compound and ionic liquid. The metallic compound is halogenated metal, thiocyanated metal, or amidation metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The basic compound is compound containing pyridine ring. The ionic liquid is imidazolinium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymeric material (A-1) is of formula (A-9 or A-10). The polymeric material (A-2) is of formula (A-11 or A-12).R21-R23=H, halogen, (un)substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, or heterocyclic ring;Ar4=(un)substituted alkylene, arylene, or heterocyclic ring;andu,x-z=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Active calcium carbonate is calcium carbonate treated by resin acid. Preferred Catalysts: Catalyst is dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, dibutyl tin dicaprilate, or stannous octoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is methyl triisobutyl ketoximino silicane or vinyl triisobutyl ketoximino silicane. Silicane coupling is gamma -(2,3-epoxylpropoxyl) propyl trimethoxyl silicane and gamma -aminopropyl triethoxyl to obtain base material; silicane, and 1,3,5-tri(trimethoxyl propyl-silicane) isocyanate. Silicone oil plasticizer is dimethyl silicone polymer whose tail end is methyl; and its viscosity is 0.5-20 Pa.second at 25 degrees C. Sealant is taken as an adhesive of solar battery modules.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Petroleum resin is petroleum resin of 5-8C, and its softening point is 40-110 degrees C, acid number is less than or equal to 0.1, and ash content is less than or equal to 0.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anode additive is cobalt oxide, cobalt hydroxide, nickel powder, cobalt powder, ytterbium oxide, titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, erbium oxide, barium oxide, preferably cobalt oxide and yttrium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive is polytetrafluoroethylene latex, styrene butadiene rubber latex and polyvinyl acetate latex, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene latex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The method for preparing the silicon oxide-bearing nano-paint comprises: (a) uniformly dividing the solvent into two parts, mixing and stirring one part with the basic catalyst for 2-4 hours to get the solvent A; (b) mixing and stirring another part of solvent with the silanol salt for 2-4 hours to get the solvent B; (c) adding the solvent A into the solvent B, mixing and stirring the mixture for 4-6 hours to get the solvent C; (d) adding the additive into the solvent C; mixing and stirring for 2-4 hours to get the solvent D; (e) stewing and conditioning the solvent D for 3-5 days; (f) placing the seasoned solvent D into the reaction kettle; adding it into the molecular sieve; heating and reflowing the seasoned solvent D; (g) stopping the heating process and naturally cooling as the solvent D is reduced to 60-70 wt.% according to 100 wt.% of the mixed solvent D before the reflowing process. Preferred Components: The silanol salt is ethylate, propylate, or butanol salt of silicon, preferably propylate of silicon. The solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or butanol. The basic catalyst is ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide, preferably ammonia water. The additive is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methyl methacrylate, or polymethacrylic acid. Preferred Conditions: In (e), conditioning is carried out at 20 degrees C and the relative humidity is 20%. In (f), the sanitary zeolite molecular sieve is heated at 80-85 degrees C. The ferroan glass is immersed for 0.5-2 minutes. The speed for getting the ferroan glass out of the liquid surface from the membrane plating groove is 70-1000 mm/minute, preferably 100-400 mm/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier uses high viscosity and low viscosity composite ethyl cellulose as the thickener. The organic carrier comprises solvent, thickener, plasticizer, surface active agent, and other auxiliary agents. The solvent is terpineol. The thickener is celluloses. The plasticizer is phthalate. The surface active agent is lecithin or Span 85(RTM: sorbitan trioleate). Preferred Composition: The ratio of the high viscosity/low viscosity composite ethyl cellulose is 2:8-4:6 (wt./wt.), which makes the slurry to have a good rheological characteristic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The preparation method for the lithium ion secondary cell diaphragm comprises dissolving the heat resistant resin in the solvent to form solution, coating the solution on the cell diaphragm, and drying to obtain the diaphragm coated with heat resistant resin. Preferred Conditions: The heat resistant temperature of the heat resistant resin is 150-300 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The percent thermal shrinkage of the heat resistant resin is 0-1%. The weight percentage of the thermoplastic resin and the heat resistant resin is 5-50%. Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is dispersed in the heat resistant resin. The heat resistant resin is urethane resin, polyphenyl thioether polymer, diamid polymer, or silica gel. The thermoplastic resin is polyolefin, ethane-vinyl acetate copolymer, polymethylmethacrylate, or ethane-methyl methacrylate. The solvent is N-methyl ketopyrrolidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The method for preparing the cathode material comprises dissolving the salt containing metal in the deionized water according to the proportion of the target product formula, adding the EDTA-ammonia liquor in the solution, adding citrate acid to obtain a pioneer solution, where the mol ratio of the metal ions, EDTA, citrate acid, and ammonia liquor is 0.01-0.1:0.01-0.1:0.02-0.2:1; placing the stirred and settled pioneer solution into a blast drying box, drying it for 1-8 hours at 100-250 degrees C to obtain the solid pioneer; placing the solid pioneer into a muffle furnace, and roasting for 1-10 hours at 700-10000 degrees C to obtain the cathode powder. Preferred Components: Preferably, M is silver (Ag), and M'is platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), or rhodium (Rh). Preferred Composition: Preferably, x and y is not less than 0 and not greater than 0.2, where x and y cannot be 0 at the same time. Preferred Components: The salt containing metal is nitrate containing Ag, Pt, lanthanum (La), samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), bismuth (Bi), yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zirconium (Zr), lead (Pb), aluminum (Al); oxalate containing manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), or niobium (Nb); acetate containing Mn, antimony (Sb), or Sc; or villaumite containing Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), or molybdenum (Mo).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic pore creating material is starch, glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl-butyral, ethylcellulose, or carbon material. The organic solvent is glycol, isopropanol, acetone, or methyl alcohol. Preferred Composition: The mass of the organic pore creating material is 5-50% of the organic solvent, and the mass of the cathode material is 2-25% of the organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The layered double hydride is of formula: (M2+1-xM2+x(OH)2)2+A(power(n-)).M2+=calcium ion (Ca2+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), zinc ion (Zn2+), cobalt ion (Co2+), nickel ion (Ni2+), copper ion (Cu2+) or manganese ion (Mn2+);M3+=aluminum ion (Al3+), chromium ion (Cr3+), ferric ion (Fe3+), cobalt ion (Co3+) or manganese ion (Mn3+);A(power(n-))=Cl-, NO3-, ClO4- or SO42-;n=negative ion;x=0 or more;andy=10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of nanocomposite of layered double hydride contain with respect to 100 weight parts of polyethylene glycolarylate is 5-10 weight parts. Preferred Property: The polyethylene glycolarylate has weight average molecular weight of 300-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive metal net is made of stainless steel or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The carbon coated on the particle surface is amorphous carbon or graphitized carbon. The lithium titanium oxide particle is of formula: LixTiyO4.x=0.8-1.4;andy=1.6-2.2.Preferred Process: The lithium titanium oxide particles are obtained by dispersing lithium titanium oxide in carbon precursor, heat-treating lithium titanium oxide at 600-900 degrees C under inert atmosphere, and scattering carbon precursor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon precursor comprises sucrose, water soluble polymer, pitch, resin, organic acid or cellulose. EXAMPLE - Petroleum pitch was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) was dispersed in the resulting solution. The tetrahydrofuran was evaporated, to obtain lithium titanium oxide in which the pitch was dispersed on the surface. The obtained lithium titanium oxide was heat-treated at 700 degrees C for 5 hours, and the pitch was carbonized, to obtain lithium titanium oxide particles in which carbon was coated on the particle surface.
Preferred Definitions:    R=-O(CF2CF2)2H, -OC6H4, -OC6H4CF3 or -OCH2CF3;    X=imidazole group of formula (2);    Y=iodine, boron tetrafluoride, phosphorus tetrafluoride, nitrogen oxide, chlorate, (CFSO2)2N or (C3F7)3PF3;and    R2=(un)substituted (2-10C alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The glass frame of the glasses is made of composition of zinc, magnesium or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Dihalo benzene compound of formula (3) is reacted with haloheterophenyl compound of formula (4) in presence of Lewis acid, to obtain m-benzylbenzene intermediate of formula (5). The intermediate is sulfonated and reacted with metal halide, to obtain m-sulfonyl group-containing benzylbenzene of formula (1a). Preferred Process: Alternately, trihalobenzene compound of formula (6) reacted with haloheterophenyl compound (4) in presence of magnesium, lithium or butyl lithium, to obtain p-benzylbenzene intermediate of formula (7). Then, the intermediate is sulfonated and reacted with metal halide, to obtain p-sulfonyl group-containing benzylbenzene of formula (1b). The phenyl group-containing compound is subjected to nucleophilic substitution polymerization reaction, to obtain polymer.X1=-Cl, -Br or -I;andR=arylene or alkylene. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Specific 2 phenyl group-containing compounds disclosed are potassium-3-(2,4-difluorophenylsulfonyl)-benzene sulfonate and dipotassium-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl-5-sulfonyl-sulfonate)-benzene sulfonate.    EXAMPLE - 1,3-Difluorobenzene (in g) (9.63), benzenesulfonylchloride (17.6), ferric chloride (1) were mixed and, reacted at 75 degrees C for 2.5 hours, 90 degrees C for 187 hours and 140 degrees C for 1 hour. The resultant product was decompressed, distilled at 160-170 degrees C under reduced pressure and dried, to obtain difluorophenylsulfonyl benzene. The obtained difluorophenylsulfonyl benzene (9.8) was dissolved ion sulfuric acid (10 ml), cooled to room temperature, reacted overnight, dissolved in water, added potassium chloride (15 g), recrystallized using water (5.9) and neutralized using potassium carbonate, to obtain potassium-3-(2,4-difluorophenylsulfonyl)-benzene sulfonate (2.9).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from water, butanol, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, N-butyl acetate and ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metallic catalyst is chosen from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy and platinum-transition metal alloy. The carbon-type supported is chosen from graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, denka black, churn black, activated carbon, middle porous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanoring, carbon nano-wire and fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The catalyst layer formed using the apparatus contains metallic catalyst, polymer ionomer, carbon-type supporter and solvent. The polymer ionomer is Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) or sulfonated polytrifluoro styrene. An electrolyte film contains polymer chosen from perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone and polysulfonate. The gas diffusion layer is formed using carbon-based material, fluorine-based resin and solvent. The fluorine-based resin is chosen from copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, styrene butadiene rubber, polytetrafluoro ethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylalcohol and cellulose acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, LiC4F9SO3, lithium aluminum tetroxide, lithium aluminum tetrachloride, lithium chloride, lithium iodide, or formula LiN(Cx1F2x1+1SO2)(Cy1F2y1+1SO2) (I).x1, y1 = natural number.The lithium intercalation compoud, capable of reversibly separating and inserting a lithium ion, is selected fromlithium-cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium-nickel oxide (LiNiO2), lithium-manganese oxide (LiMnO2), lithium-iron oxide (LiFeO2), compound of formula LiNi(1-x-y)CoxMyO2 (II), vanadium pentoxide, titanium disulfide, or molybdenum disulfide.x, y, x+y = 0-1; andM = Al, Sr, Mg or La.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from ester, ketone or carbonate.The carbonate is selected from ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate or di propyl carbonateThe ester is selected from butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate or propyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The washing comprises washing the product with n-hexane for three times and with acetone for one time.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic oxide is SiOx.x=1.3-1.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base membrane further comprises a binding layer having a thickness of 0.01-1 mu m, and made of acrylic resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, urethane resin, polyamide resin, or acrylic polyurethane resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weather-resistant membrane is made of polyvinylidene fluoride or tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer. The intermediate moisture-resistant membrane is made of polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The initiator includes sodium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The monomer is acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate at a molar ratio of 9:1-5:5, or acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate at a molar ratio of 9:1-5:5. The crosslinker is polyvinyl dimethyl acrylic ester, or diallyl phthalate. The initiator is azodiisobutyronitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The iodized salt is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole iodide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl imidazole iodide, 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazole iodide, 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazole iodide and/or tetrapropylamine iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alpha -cyanoacrylate ester is alpha -ethylcyanoacrylate, alpha -propylcyanoacrylate, alpha -butylcyanoacrylate and/or alpha -hexylcyanoacrylate. The plasticizer is ethylene carbonate, and/or propylene carbonate. The modifier is tert-butyl pyridine, N-tolimidazole, and/or guanidine isothiocyanate. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, valeronitrile and/or methoxypropionitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is polyethyleneglycol diacrylate with 200 molecular weight, glutaric acid acrylate, and/or N,N'-methylene diacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor nanocrystal porous film is titanium dioxide film or zinc oxide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pouring channel has ethanol solution. The lithium iodide/iodine liquid electrolyte is carbonic acid acrylic ester of lithium iodide. The low melting point glass powder slurry is made by mixing the organic solvent ethyl cellulose or terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylethoxy)-1,4-p-phenylacetylene) or poly(2-methoxy-5(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-p-phenylacetylene). The solution of the conjugated polymer is o-dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, chloroform, or tetrahydrofuran. The solution of (6.6)-60C-phenyl methyl butyrate is chlorobenzene, chloroform, or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Method: The solution of (6.6)-60C-phenyl methyl butyrate is mixed solution of chlorobenzene, chloroform, or tetrahydrofuran. The electrode evaporated on (6.6)-60C-phenyl methyl butyrate is magnesium/silver, calcium/aluminum, or lithium fluoride/aluminum electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive-polymer composition contains conductive polymer, and further contains solvent, physical cross-linking agent of 0.001-5 weight parts and chemical cross-linking agent of 0.001-50 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of resin. Preferred Components: The polymer is obtained by polymerizing 2 or more compound chosen from polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polyaniline of formula (3), its derivatives, pyrrole of formula (4), thiophene, its derivatives and cyclic monomer of formula (5). The physical cross-linking agent is chosen from glycerol, butanol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and polyethyleneimine and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The chemical cross-linking agent is chosen from tetraethyloxy silane, polyaziridine, melamine type polymer and epoxy type polymer. The solvent is water, dimethyl formamide, diemethyl sulfoxide, toluene, xylene and/or chlorobenzene.X,Y'=NH or N, O, S or P combined with 1-20C alkyl or 6-20C aryl;Ra-Rd=H, 1-30C(alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl ester, heteroalkyl ester or heteroalkoxy), 6-30C(aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, arylamine, pyrrole, aryl ester or thiophene), 2-30C(heteroaryl, heteroaryl ester, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryloxy) or 5-20C cycloalkyl, all optionally having substituents;Re,Rf=H, NH or N, O, S or P combined with 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl, 1-30C(alkyl, alkoxy, heteroalkyl, heteroalkoxy, alkylester or heteroalkyl ester), 6-30C (arylalkyl, aryloxy, arylamine, pyrrole or thiophene), 2-30C(heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy or heterocycloalkyl) or 5-20C cycloalkyl;p,q=0-9;Z=-(CH2)x-CRgRh-(CH2)y;Rg,Rh=H, 1-20C alkyl, 6-14C aryl or -CH2-ORi;Ri=H or 1-6C(alkyl, alkyl ester, heteroalkyl or alkyl sulfonyl);andx,y=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Parameters: The diameter of identification hole is 7-9 mm. The size of the test paper is 15 plus minus 2mm x 11 plus minus 2mm. Preferred Process: The film pressing process is carried out to the back of standard colorimetric card.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The width L of the base plate (2) is 5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound containing epoxy radical has general formulae (I-VIII). In formula (I),n=0-10.In formula (II),n=0-20; andR1, R2, R3 and R4=1-5C alkyl or hydrogen.In formula (III),n=1-4; andA=1-10C alkyl or 3-10C cycloalkyl radical, -CH(3-n)OCH2CHOCH2, preferably oxiranylmethoxymethyl, where n=1-3.In formula (IV),n=1-2;R1 and R2=independently 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, hydrogen or a radical of general formula (IX);m=1-2; andR3=1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, siloxy group containing hydrogen.In formula (V-VI),R2, R3 and R4=independently 1-10C alkyl or hydrogen.In formula (VII),X=1-10C alkyl or 1-10C alkoxy or halogen.In formula (VIII),x, y and z=0-100.In formula (IX),R'1, R'2 and R'3=independently 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy or hydrogen; andR4=1-10C alkylene radical. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 28 Organic compounds containing one or multiple epoxy radicals are specifically claimed, e.g. polypropyleneglycoldiglycidyl ether, butadiene diepoxide, pentadiene diepoxide, hexadiene diepoxide, octadiene diepoxide, and ethyl glycidylether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte film contains ion conductive polymer chosen from persulfonate polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, doped polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone and polysulfone. The protective film contains polymer resin chosen from polyphenylene sulfide, polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ordered mesoporous silicon dioxide, inorganic phosphoric salt or acid and water-soluble resin are present at 1:0.01-0.1:0.5-2 ratio. Preferred Process: The carbonizing step comprises increasing temperature from 10-30 degrees C to 700-900 degrees C at 1-3 degrees C/minute, and roasting for 2-10 hours. Preferred Component: The ordered mesoporous silicon dioxide has mesoscopic structure type including mobile crystalline material (MCM)-41, MCM-48, FDU-1, KIT-6, FDU-5, SBA-16, SBA-12, or preferably SBA-15. The inorganic phosphoric salt or acid is phosphoric acid, hypophosphorus acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphite, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphite and/or sodium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble resin is phenolic resin, urea resin, polyimide, polyacrylamide and/or polyacrylonitrile having 200-5000 molecular weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: One lining layer (4) of package film is aluminum foil, having 0.01-0.1 mm thickness. Each coated surfaces of aluminum foil have 0.0005-0.015 mm thickness. Preferred Process: The chemical hydrofluoric acid-proofing treatment comprises degreasing, cleaning, acid-cleaning, cleaning, oxidizing, covering with organic film, cleaning and drying.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hot melt adhesive comprises ethenes or ethylene vinyl acetate hot melt adhesive, having 0.001-0.01 mm thickness. The package film comprises one surface layer (2) which is nylon including nylon 6 engineering plastics, nylon 66 engineering plastics, nylon 610 engineering plastics, nylon 1010 engineering plastics, alcohol-soluble nylon, nylon terpolymer or strengthened nylon 66 engineering plastic, and having 0.01-0.1 mm thickness. Other surface layer (6) of package film is CPP including (modified) PP consisting of fluorinated PP, and having 0.01-0.1 mm thickness. Each coated single surfaces of CPP and nylon have 0.0005-0.015 mm thickness. Preferred Process: The superposed CPP, aluminum foil and nylon are compounded by pressing using two heating wheels at 50-200 degrees C of heat sealing machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The ion conductive polymer layer is selected from perfluoro system, benzimidazole, polyimide system, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene, polyphenylsulfide system, polythiophenylene system, polyphenylquinoxaline or polyphosphazenes system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base is potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The sulfonated triphenylamine derivative is prepared by reacting fluoro methyl benzene derivative in the presence of phenylamine, palladium catalyst and base fllowed by sulfonating the obtained triphenylamine derivative. The fluoro methyl benzene derivative is represented by formula (VIII) and triphenylamine derivative is represented by formula (IX).X1=-NO2, -F, -Cl, -Br or -I.Preferred Compounds: The phenyl amine polymer is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide or tetramethylene sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metals: The metal (IV) is made of IVA group metal and IVB group metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polybenzimidazole group polymer is selected from m-phenylene, p-phenylene or polymer of phenylene. The solvent is selected from methanesulfonic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylacetamide. EXAMPLE - The example illustrates the manufacturing organic or inorganic composite elecrolyte membrane. 125 g of 3,4-diamino benzoic acid was dissolved in 1.8 kg of polyphosphoric acid in presence of nitrogen atmosphere at 200 degrees C. 5 g of zirconium phosphate was added to the mixture. The mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. Organic or inorganic composite solution of 2,5-polybenzimidazole or zirconium phosphate was manufactured. The composite solution was poured in glass plate and kept at 100 degrees C. The solution was widely stretched. A film was formed, and was cooled at 25 degrees C. The solution was separated from the glass plate. The separated film was soaked in water and the polyphosphoric acid was removed. The soaked film was dried under vacuum of 0.1 mmHg. The soaked film was dipped in aqueous phosphoric acid solution of 6 M.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The oxidation-reduction pair is iodine-iodide, where the iodide is selected from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, magnesium iodide, copper iodide, silicon iodide, manganese iodide, barium iodide, molybdenum iodide, calcium iodide, iron iodide, cesium iodine, zinc iodide, mercury iodide, ammonium iodide, methyl iodide, methylene iodide, ethyl iodide, ethylene iodide, isopropyl iodide, isobutyl iodide, benzyl iodide, benzoyl iodide, allyl iodide or imidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvents: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, n-butyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, N-methylpyrrolidone or 3-methoxypropionitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nitrogen additive having general formula (I), is new.R1=substituted or unsubstituted amine radical or 2-6C hetero-aromatic group having nitrogen atom, preferably amine radical, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazol, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyazine or triazine group;X1, X2, X3 and X4=H or methyl group;A=substituted or unsubstituted 6-30C arylene, cycloalkyl or arylalkylene group;B=substituted or unsubstituted 1-20C alkyl, alkynyl or alkenyl group;m=1-20; andn=0 or 1. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Nitrogen additives are specifically claimed, e.g. group of formulae (II)-(IV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The former and latter compound are oxidizer, acid, base, metal, carbonate sulfite or ammonium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The third compound is fatty acid, arachidic acid, undecane dicarboxylic acid, lauric acid, myristric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, pimelic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, xylitol or alcoholates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The third compound is optionally a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallocene compound is a mixture of multiple compounds selected from the compounds of general formulae (II-X). bis(cyclopentadienyl)MCl2 (II) bis(1,n-dimethylcyclopentadienyl)MCl2 (III) bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)MCl2 (IV) bis(2-methylindenyl)MCl2 (V) (methyl)2Si-bis(cyclopentadienyl)MCl2 (VI) (methyl)2Si-bis(indenyl)MCl2 (VII) (methyl)2Si-bis(9-fluorenyl)MCl2 (VIII) isopropylidene(cyclopentadienyl-9-fluorenyl)MCl2 (IX) isopropylidene(3-methylcyclopentadienyl-9-fluorenyl)MCl2 (X)n=2 or 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroconductive substrate excluding copper comprises aluminum, tin, bismuth, silicon, antimony, nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, lanthanum, ruthenium, platinum, iridium and their alloy. The positive electrode, negative electrode or both contains aluminum. The electrode active material comprises lithium tungsten oxide, lithium titanium oxide and lithium iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polymeric monomer has halogenated carbonate, halogenated ester, phosphate ester, phosphazene derivative or heterocyclic nitrogen compound. The polymeric monomer is selected from heptafluoroisopropyl acrylate, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate, ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl acrylate, methyl 4-bromocrotonate, 2-bromoethyl acrylate, pentabromophenyl acrylate, pentachlorophenyl acrylate, 3-acryloxypropyltrichlorosilane, propanoic acid, 3-(diethoxyphosphinyl)-methyl ester, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate phosphate, trimethyl 4-phosphonocrotonate, monoacryloxyethyl phosphate, triacrylate of tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, 3-(acryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane or (3-Acryloxypropyl) tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution. A chloromethylation catalyst selected from zinc chloride or tin chloride is additionally added during the reaction. The catalyst for catalyzing the ionomer slurry is selected from platinum-carbon catalyst, nickel-carbon catalyst, nickel-platinum-carbon catalyst, silver-carbon catalyst or silver-platinum carbon catalyst. The fuel cell uses a fuel and an oxidant, where the fuel is selected from hydrogen, reformate gas or mixed hydrogen gas, and the oxidant is selected from oxygen, air or mixed oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chloromethylation is carried out by dissolving the polymer in a solvent selected from 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane or 1,2-dichloroethane, where chloromethyl methyl ether or chloromethyl ether is used as chloromethylation agent. The chloromethylated polymer is aminated by using a mixture of monoamine and diamine. The monoamine is selected from trimethylamine, triethylamine or diethylphenylamine, and the diamine is selected from tetramethyl-methanediamine, tetramethyl ethylene diamine, tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine, tetramethyl-1,4-butanediamine or tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine. The organic solvent is selected from dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is selected from polyether ether ketone, polyacetal, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone or polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric compound also comprises other constituent comprising polyfluorene of formula (IX), poly(p-phenylene) of formula (X), poly(p-phenylenevinylene) of formula (XI), spiro-bridged ladder type poly(p-phenylene) of formula (XII), and ladder type poly(p-phenylene) of formula (XIII). The selenium-containing heterocyclic constituent comprises one or more of group of formulae (1)-(10). for formula (IX):R1,R2=H, 1-20C alkyl or poly(p-phenylene).for formula (X):R1,R2=H, 1-20C alkyl, alkoxy or poly(p-phenylenevinylene).for formula (XI):R1,R2=H, 1-20C alkoxy or poly(spiro-p-phenylene).for formula (XII):R1,R2=H, 1-20C alkyl or ladder type poly(p-phenylene).for formula (XIII):R1-R6=H or 1-20C alkyl.Preferred Ratio: The mole ratio of selenium-containing heterocyclic constituent is present at 0.1-99.9 in the copolymer compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The PVDF (with a molecular weight of 600000-800000) is dissolved in the mixed solvent of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and acetone at a volume ratio of 6:4, and mass concentration of 8% for electrostatic spinning. The PVDF nanofiber is immerged in potassium hydroxide ethanol solution (1 g molecule/L). The PVDF molecule is partially defluorinated, and placed into tetrahydrofuran solution of styrene. Initiator is added for grafting at below 75 degrees C. PVDF-polystyrene (PS) copolymer is prepared by grafting and is sulfonated or aminated to prepare sulfonated or aminated products. The prepared PVDF-PS sulfonated or aminated products are dissolved in the mixed solvent of DMF and acetone (volume ratio of 6:4, and mass concentration is 8%) for electrostatic spinning and preparing nanofiber ion exchange membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The solvent comprises organic solvent and phase separating agent. The organic solvent is chosen from propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, acetone, and ethyl acetate. The phase separating agent comprises isopropanol, normal octane, normal heptane, or normal nonane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer solution comprises solvent and polymer. The polymer is chosen from 1,1-polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP), 1,2-polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF-CTFE), and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. The separator comprises material chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene/polypropylene compound film, and non-woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive is 0.0001-0.02 or 8-20 wt.%. The cobalt protoxide is 2-8 wt.%. The conductive agent is 10-20 wt.%. The solvent is 20-40 wt.%. The anode material also contains cadmium powder, cadmium oxide, titanium dioxide or yttrium oxide. Based on the weight of nickel hydroxide, these substances are 1-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyolefin oxide, with number average molecular weight of 100000-2000000, is polyethylene glycol oxide and/or polypropylene oxide. The polyalcohol contains 2-10C. The adhesive comprises hydrophilic adhesive and hydrophobic adhesive. The hydrophilic adhesive is cellulose-based polymer. The hydrophobic adhesive is PTFE. The weight ratio of the hydrophilic adhesive to the hydrophobic adhesive is 2-6:1. The anode slurry also contains olefin polymer fiber, polyester fiber and polyacrylonitrile fiber. The olefin polymer fiber is polyethylene fiber and/or polypropylene fiber. Based on the weight of nickel hydroxide, the olefin polymer fiber, polyester fiber and polyacrylonitrile fiber are 0.1-0.5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solidification of the poured solution is optionally done by heating the plate in an oven controlled at 480-90 degrees C for 8-12 hours, and drying at 40-50 degrees C for 8-12 hours. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethyl acetamide; N-picolyl containing compound or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The nanosilica is solid globular body with diameter of 20-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polybenzimidazole is N-heterocyclic polymer with main chain having benzimidazole structure including poly-(2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bisbenzimidazole), poly(2,6-benzimidazole) or poly(2,2'-(oct)-5,5'-bisbenzimidazole). The organic solvent comprises N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and/or N,N-methylpyrrolidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate is tin oxide glass doped with fluorine, or conductive indium oxide glass doped with mono-crystal silicon sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acetylacetone can be substituted by hydrogen peroxide. The precursor solution of titanium is tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, or titanium ethoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The block polymer is tri-block copolymer polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene or di-block copolymer polystyrene-polyoxyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Parameter: The fuel cell has working temperature at room temperature to 85 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method comprises immersing carbon cloth or carbon paper into polyfluortetraethylene emulsion for 3 minutes, and placing on a piece of filter paper for 25 seconds to remove excess polyfluortetraethylene emulsion. The polyfluortetraethylene emulsion is prepared by adding purified water into polyfluortetraethylene to dilute to 1.10 g/mm3 specific gravity. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, normal hexane, sherwood oil, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, carbon disulfide, phenylmethane, benzene, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, diethyl ether, ethyl carbinol or ethanol. The carbon black is active carbon, acetylene black, spherical carbon black, super-conductive carbon black or carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide carrier having a specific surface area of greater than or equal to 1 m2/g comprises active aluminum sesquioxide, 3A molecular sieve of formula 0.4K2O.0.6Na2O.Al2O3.2SiO2.4.5H2O, 5A molecular sieve of formula 0.75CaO.0.25Na2O.Al2O3.2SiO2.4.5H2O, and 13X molecular sieve of formula Na2O.Al2O3 (2.8 plus minus 0.2)SiO2(6-7)H2O. The catalyst has 1-7% platinum or palladium as active component. The hydrogen reducing atmosphere comprises (wt.%) hydrogen (1-10); and nitrogen, argon or helium gas (90-99). The electrolyte having a concentration of 0.1-6 mg/l is potassium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. Preferred Method: The dipping process is done by placing inorganic oxide carrier particles having a diameter of 1-5 mm in a closed pressure-resistance container controlled at 0.011 torr for 5-20 hours; and introducing a gas controlled at 1-2 atmospheric pressure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is water, acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and/or N,N-dimethyl methyl acyl-ammonium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liner (11) is stainless steel liner. The material of the water conduit (14) is stainless steel. The material of the outer shell (13) is stainless steel or color map board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulating layer (12) is polyurethane foaming insulating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive substrate is electroconductive sheet metal, indium tin oxide glass or polyester chip coated with electroconductive medium, or drum-shaped or strip-shaped electroconductive metal and electroconductive alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkyl-substituted thiophene is tributyl-substituted thiophene, triisoamyl-substituted thiophene, tri-n-amyl-substituted thiophene, trihexyl-substituted thiophene, trioctyl-substituted thiophene, triisooctyl-substituted thiophene, tri-(di-methyl)-hexyl-substituted thiophene, tridodecyl-substituted thiophene, 3,4-di-(isoamyl)-substituted thiophene, or 3, 4-di(dodecyl)-substituted thiophene. The organic amine is ethylamine, n-propylamine, iso-propylamine, n-butyl amine, iso-butyl amine, sec-butyl amine, n-octylamine, iso-octylamine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, lauryl amine, or octa-amine. The organic alcohol is ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, n-pentanol, neopentyl alcohol, octanol, decatyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, or octodecyl alcohol. The organic solvent is chloroform, methylene dichloride, acetylene tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, N, N-dimethyl formamide, N, N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methylketopyrrolidine, glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diether, ethylene glycol phenylate, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diglycol dimethyl ether, diglycol diethyl ether or diglycol ether, and/or diglycol monobutyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The alkoxyl-substituted thiophene is tri pentyloxy-substituted thiophene, tripentyloxy-substituted thiophene, trioctanoxy-substituted thiophene, 3-(dodecyl)-thiophene-3-(pentyloxy) thiophene copolymer, or 3-(dodecyl)-thiophene-3-(octanoxy) thiophene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The HTMP and MMA are heated at 95-105?oC for 10-20 minutes, distilled in decompression to eliminate excess MMA. Further, distilled in decompression and MTMP is collected at 94-95?oC in 0.4 and 0.5 KPa. The MTMP, AIBN and toluene are added to reactive kettle, vacuum de-gassed and aerated using argon and aggregated at 55-65?oC for 10-14 hours, to separate the polymer. The polymer is vacuum dried to obtain white pulverous solid PMTMP. The purification of MTMP is carried out by filtering with sand-core filler while milling, dripping the filtrate into water (6-10 times volume), filtering the separated substance, washing, air-drying and vacuum drying at room temperature till forming white crystals. Preferred Process: The magnesium methylate is obtained by the reacting magnesium powder and methanol as raw material and iodine as initiator for 1-2 hours and the reactive solution turns into white mash when there is no liberation of hydrogen. Preferred Condition: The PMTMP is oxidized for 30-40 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The top thermally conductive surface is made of aluminum or another thermally conductive material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gasket includes epoxy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The conductive coating is produced by coating metal oxide nanotube assembly with ruthenium chloride (3 wt.%) in ethanol solution, and calcining at 450 degrees C for 15 minutes to convert the ruthenium chloride into ruthenium oxide. The valve metal has been deposited on the substrate using physical vapor deposition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The conductive coating comprises a noble metal, carbon, or oxide of ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, palladium, osmium or iridium. The valve metal is titanium. The doping element consists of tantalum or niobium, ruthenium or iridium. The metal oxide can be mixed oxide comprising different valve metal oxides. The electrolyte solution comprises ion comprising chloride, fluoride and/or cyanide; and hydrogen fluoride or fluoride salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises stainless steel. The valve metal is thin layer of foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanotube assembly further comprises electrically conductive coating. The metal oxide nanotubes further comprise oxygen vacancy or doping element; provide substantial photocatalytic activity; and are positioned in a side-by-side interconnected and parallel manner. The product further comprises gas diffusion media layer underlying the bipolar plate, an electrode underlying the gas diffusion media layer and polymer electrolyte membrane underlying the gas diffusion media layer. Preferred Parameters: The contact resistance of the bipolar plate is less than or equal to 50 (preferably less than or equal to 8) milli-ohms cm2. The assembly provides a water contact angle of less than or equal to 22 degrees . The metal oxide nanotubes have diameter of 10-100 nm and length of 10-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The pyrrolidone compound is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Preferred Process: The coating process is performed by printing method, preferably screen-printing method. Preferred Component: A dye-sensitized solar cell (10) contains a semiconductor electrode having photoelectric converting layer, and the electroconductive polymer electrode as the counter electrode. Preferred Property: The conductive polymer thin film (6) of the dye-sensitized solar cell has sheet resistance of 60 ohm per square.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gas detection portion is formed in the form of film using a composition containing carbon nanotube and polymer component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrode (1) comprises organic material conductive polymeric material and carbon-based material such as graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat mirror is made of silver, aluminum, nickel and galvanized iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is block copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base film is the macromolecular film selected from the group consisting of PTFE, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA), ethylene/ tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyimide, polyester, polyethylene terephalate (PET) and their combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fiber reinforced composite material is coated with the polyether-ether-ketone powder of nano or microscale. The membranous polymer film is made of one among the polytetrafluoroethylene film, the polyethylene film and the nylon film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The single particle is a material chosen from organic polymer e.g. polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate; metal oxides e.g. silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), magnesium oxide (MgO2) and calcium oxide (CaO2); metals e.g. aluminum (Al), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and silicon (Si); semiconductor material and inorganic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The center metal (M) is chosen from manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. EXAMPLE - Dithiooxamide (in g) (0.25) was dissolved in ethanol (50 ml), and ECP600JD (RTM: ketchen black) (2) was added and dispersed for 10 minutes. Then, copper(II) acetate hydroxide hydrate (0.42) was added to the resulting mixture and stirred. The resulting mixture was allowed to stand for 2 hours, and the powder containing ketchen black was removed, washed using purified water and ethanol, and vacuum-dried, to obtain an anode catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The electrolytic membrane is a proton-conductive electrolytic membrane. The anode has catalyst activity with respect to oxidation reaction. The anode comprises a material having lower catalyst activity with respect to reduction reaction, than the modified manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The doping amount of praseodymium is 0-30 mol%, the doping amount of lanthanum is 0-50 mol%, the doping amount of erbium is 0-15 mol%, the doping amount of rhodium is 0-5 mol%, and the doping amount of platinum is 0-5 mol%. The anode comprises gold-platinum binary system metallic compound and/or nickel oxide (NiO). The proton-conductive electrolytic membrane contains indium-doped tin compound (SnP2O7), perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid type resin, phosphoric acid-immersed polyvinylimidazole, and/or barium-cerium-yttrium oxide (BaCe0.8Y0.2O3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic pigment component is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The adhesive layer contains blended material of resin component (20-99 weight%) and inorganic pigment component (1-80 weight%), and further contains ultraviolet absorber. The organic film (A) is a fluorine containing-resin film. Preferred Components: The resin component contains diamine component (A) having siloxane bond and vinyl copolymer (B). The vinyl copolymer (B) is obtained by reacting ethylene and unsaturated-carboxylic-acid derivative having functional group, and further contains glycidyl group. The diamine component (A) is siloxane compound having amino group in both terminals is of formula (1 or 2).R1=1-10C alkylene;andm,n=0-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylenically unsaturated-double bond of dispersion resin is acryloyl group or methacryloyl group. The coating composition further contains actinic radiation-curable resin or monomer other than dispersion resin as a coating film forming material. EXAMPLE - 5-(4-(3,4-dimethyl-phenylamino)-6-phenylamino-(1,3,5)triazin-2-ylamino)-2,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one derivative of formula (A) (in weight parts) (0.7), polyester-type dispersion resin of formula: (CH2=CH-CO-O-CH2)3-CH2-O-CH2-(CH2-O-CO-CH=CH2)2O-(C(=O)-(CH2)5-O)n-PO3H2 (5) having weight average molecular weight of 8000 and methyl ethyl ketone (87.3) were mixed. Then, carbon nanotube (7) having fiber diameter of 10-30 nm and fiber length of 1-10 mu m was added and mixed using zirconia beads, to obtain carbon nanotube dispersion. Then, trimethylol-propane triacrylate (1.4), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (0.94), carbon nanotube dispersion (44.1), Ebecryl 600 (RTM: epoxy acrylate) (2.34) and SH28PA (RTM: coating material additive) (0.01) were mixed, to obtain coating composition. The obtained coating composition was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate film, dried and irradiated with electron beam, to obtain coating film having thickness of 2 mu m. The obtained coating film had excellent transparency, solvent resistance and pencil hardness based on JIS K 5400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersion resin contains acryloyl group or methacryloyl group. The coating composition further contains actinic radiation-curable resin or monomer along with the dispersion resin as a coating film forming material. EXAMPLE - (In weight parts) 5-(4-(3,4-dimethyl-phenylamino)-6-phenylamino-(1,3,5)triazin-2-ylamino)-2,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one derivative of formula (A) (0.7), polyester-type dispersion resin of formula: (CH2=CH-CO-O-CH2)3-CH2-O-CH2-(CH2-O-CO-CH=CH2)2O-(C(=O)-(CH2)5-O)n-N(C2H2)2 (5) having weight average molecular weight of 8000 and methyl ethyl ketone (87.3) were mixed. Then, carbon nanotube (7) having fiber diameter of 10-30 nm and fiber length of 1-10 mu m was added and mixed using zirconia beads, to obtain carbon nanotube dispersion. Then, trimethylol-propane triacrylate (1.4), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (0.94), carbon nanotube dispersion (44.1), Ebecryl 600 (RTM: epoxy acrylate) (2.34) and SH28PA (RTM: coating material additive) (0.01) were mixed, to obtain coating composition. The obtained coating composition was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate film, dried and irradiated with electron beam, to obtain coating film having thickness of 2 mu m. The obtained coating film had excellent transparency, solvent resistance and pencil hardness based on JIS K 5400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Monomers: The monomer (a) is of formula: CH2=C(-R1)-C(=O)-O-CH2-R2 or CH2=C(-H)-CH2-O-CH2-R2. The monomer (b) is of formula: CH2=C(-R4)-R5.R1,R4=H or CH3;R2=substituent of formula (1-4);R3=1-6C alkyl;andR5=-COOCH3, -COOC2H5, -COOC3H7, -COOC4H9, -COOCH2CH(CH3)2, -COO(CH2CH2O)1-3CH3, -COO(CH2CH2O)1-3C2H5, -COO(CH2CH2O)1-3C4H9, -COO(CH2CH(CH3)O)1-3CH3, -COO(CH2CH(CH3)O)1-3C2H5, -OCOCH3, -OCOC2H5, or -CH2OC2H5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The crosslinking material is a copolymer of a monomer (a) having a ring-opening polymerizable functional group and a monomer (b) which does not have ring-opening polymerizable functional group. The non-electroconductive porous material is a nonwoven fabric containing a non-electroconductive polymer fiber, coated with the electrically insulating particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound having radical polymerizable functional group is a compound which modified hydroxyl group of alkylene-oxide polymer on a radical polymerization group. The compound with radical polymerizable functional group has structural units of formula (I or II), or of formula: R1-((CH2CHR2O)m-(CH2CHR3O)n)x-R4 (III) or -CH2CH2O- (IV).R1=active hydrogen containing compound residue;R2=1-6C alkyl group or substituent;R3=-OH2C-(CH2CH2O)y-R5;R4=(meth)acryl group or alkyl group;n,m,y=0 or 1;x=1 or more;andR5=alkyl group or alkenyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Process: The surface of the flexo printing plate is subjected to laser engraving of printing pattern. The flexo printing plate is formed in sheet form or cylinder form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer is obtained by reacting polycarbonate diol having terminal hydroxyl group, polyfunctional isocyanate compound and/or polyisocyanate compound having isocyanate group equivalent less than the equivalent of terminal hydroxyl group of polycarbonate diol, isocyanate alkyl acrylate and/or isocyanate alkyl methacrylate, and/or polycarbonate diol having terminal hydroxyl group, polyfunctional isocyanate compound and/or polyisocyanate compound having isocyanate group equivalent more than the equivalent of terminal hydroxyl group of polycarbonate diol, hydroxyalkyl acrylate and/or hydroxyalkyl methacrylate. When the flexo printing plate evaluates the resistance with respect to the solvent in the ink for electron-accepting organic material layer and/or electron-donating organic material layer by solvent immersion swelling test, the mass change of flexo printing plate before and after immersion in solvent is 10 mass% or less. Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains an organic compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group and number average molecular weight of 5000 or less, and inorganic type microparticles. The resin composition is photosensitive resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The glass filler comprises at least one selected from glass fiber, glass flake, and a milled fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass filler in the glass filler-containing amorphous polyamide resin molded product has a glass composition comprising (mass%): silicon oxide (SiO2) (68-74, preferably 50-60), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (9-15, preferably 10-15), boron oxide (B2O3) (2-5), calcium oxide (CaO) (15-25, preferably 2-10), zinc oxide (ZnO) (0-5), strontium oxide (SrO) (0-5), barium oxide (BaO) (0-15, preferably 0-1), magnesium oxide (MgO) (0-5), lithium oxide (Li2O) (0-5, preferably 0-2), sodium oxide (Na2O) (5-12, preferably 0-2), potassium oxide (K2O) (0-10, preferably 0-2), and optionally titanium oxide (0-5), where total content of the CaO, ZnO, SrO, and BaO is 4-10%; and a total content of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O is 8-12 (preferably 0-2)% .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The front surface cover member comprises a glass filler-containing amorphous polyamide resin molded product including an amorphous polyamide resin and a glass filler, and having a difference in refractive indices between the amorphous polyamide resin and the glass filler of less than or equal to 0.002 with respect to light having a wavelength of 589 nm. The rear surface cover member also comprises a glass filler-containing amorphous polyamide resin molded product including an amorphous polyamide resin and a glass filler. The front surface cover member comprises a glass filler-containing polycarbonate resin molded product including a polycarbonate resin and a glass filler, and having a difference in refractive indices between the polycarbonate resin and the glass filler of less than or equal to 0.001 with respect to light having a wavelength of 589 nm. The rear surface cover member also comprises a glass filler-containing polycarbonate resin molded product including a polycarbonate resin and a glass filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The system has a solar module fastening profile comprising a cable channel-aluminum-lower profile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system has a cover profile made of hard plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organo-molybdenum compound is propyl molybdate, pentyl molybdate, heptyl molybdate, undecyl molybdate or pentadecyl molybdate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate in (a) is 1-4:4-8:1, the stirring speed is controlled between 800-1100 revolution/minute, the emulsifying agent is sodium dodecylsulfate, potassium dodecylsulfate or ammonium dodecylsulfate, the initiator is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate, which is added for two times; the volume of the Al2(SO4)3 solution in (a) is 1-1.5 times of the reaction volume, the mass concentration is 2-5%. The thickness of the film in (b) is 60-90 microns, the electrolyte is composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and methyl carbonate/ethyl carbonate, where the mass ratio of the solvent ethylene carbonate, methyl carbonate and methyl carbonate/ethyl carbonate is 1:1:1, the mol concentration of LiPF6 is 1 mol/L. Preferred Process: The soft packing polymer lithium ion battery is prepared by assembling gel polymer electrolyte with anode materials and cathode materials into electric core by winding techniques, and guiding out the anode as aluminum pole porion, guiding out the cathode as nickel pole porion, drying the electric core in vacuum drying box for 15-20 hours at 65-75 degrees C, taking out; putting the dried electric core into aluminum plastic film bag, infusing electrolyte into glove box and pre-sealing, sealing by vacuum sealing machine, pre-setting a small air bag in the bag when sealing, statically placing for 5-8 hours, reducing, sealing after finishing reducing and transmitting the gas prepared by reducing into the air bag. Preferred Component: The anode material comprises LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 or LiFePO4; the cathode material comprises artificial graphite or coke phase carbon micro-ball.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The external window has a window frame, which is made of broken heat aluminum alloy and plastic steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The method for manufacturing the improved lithium-ferrous disulfide battery comprises: (a) mixing anode active material, adhesion agent, and conductive agent to be uniform paste; (b) coating the paste on the anode collector to form the anode pole sheet; (c) pressing the anode pole sheet obtained in (b) with the tablet machine; (d) cutting the anode pole sheet obtained in (c); (e) cutting metal lithium foil and metal collector in the cathode pole sheet; (f) pressing metal lithium foil and metal collector in the cathode pole sheet; (g) cutting porous isolation film; (h) assembling the anode pole sheet obtained in (d), the cathode pole sheet obtained in (f), and the porous isolation film in (g); (i) adding the electrolyte; and (j) encapsulating it to obtain the lithium- ferrous disulfide battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The laminating machine rubber sheet comprises (wt.%) high-tearing-resistant silicone rubber (25, preferably 27), ethylene propylene terpolymer rubber (55, preferably 53), soot carbon (17.1, preferably 17.2), interface compatibilizer (1.9, preferably 2), and benzoyl peroxide vulcanizing agent (1, preferably 0.8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particles (P2) have a mean particle size of 1-9 nm, and are supported in an amount of 0.5-40 wt.% per weight of the supported catalyst. The metal oxide super-strong acid is a composite substance composed of at least one oxide selected from titanium oxide (TiOx), zirconium oxide (ZrOx) and tin oxide (SnOx), and another oxide containing at least one element selected from tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) or boron (B). The particles (P1) are particles of platinum or an alloy of platinum with at least one element selected from elements of the platinum group and transition elements of group 4-6 in periodic table. The particles (P2) have a Hammett acidity function (H0) of -20 to -11.93. The catalytic layer further contains a proton-conductive polymer.x=1-2. EXAMPLE - In water (1000 ml), FX-36 (RTM: acetylene black) (20 g) was added, stirred with a homogenizer to prepare a suspension (s1) and refluxed for 1 hour. Chloroplatinic acid (160 ml) aqueous solution (42 mg/ml) was added. Sodium hydrogencarbonate (21 g) was dissolved in water, and added dropwise to the suspension (s1) and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours, to obtain a precipitate, which was dried in an oven at 100 degrees C to obtain catalyst material. The catalyst material was placed in a highly-pure zirconia boat, and reduced in a cylindrical furnace at 200 degrees C for 10 hours, cooled to room temperature to obtain 24.1 g of crude catalyst. The obtained crude catalyst (10 g) was placed in an aluminum vessel and the inner pressure of the chamber was gradually decreased. Titanium oxide was sputtered for 4 hours by using radio frequency (RF) power supply while argon gas was flowing in the chamber, and successively tungsten oxide was further sputtered for 1 hour. Thus, supported catalyst (12.4 g) comprising a super-strong acid was obtained having a mean particle size of approximately 3.5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulating resin film contains polyethylene terephthalate. The watertight adhesive layers (I and II) contains butyl rubber. The elastic layer is formed using ethylene-propylene diene rubber foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A lens plate of lens unit is formed of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The wireless transmitter transmits the electronic signal under Bluetooth wireless protocol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conducting material comprises: aluminum, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, rhodium, niobium, chromium, tantalum, titanium, steel, nickel, platinum, silver, gold or an alloy of it; and indium tin oxide, titanium nitride, tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, doped zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, boron doped zinc oxide indium-zinc oxide, a metal-carbon black-filled oxide, a graphite-carbon black filled oxide, a carbon black carbon black-filled oxide, a superconductive carbon blackfilled oxide, an epoxy, a conductive glass or a conductive plastic. The transparent conductive layer comprises carbon nanotubes, tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, indium-tin oxide (ITO), doped zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide and/or boron doped zinc oxide indium-zinc oxide. The absorber layer comprises copper-indium-gallium-diselenide and the junction partner layer comprises cadmium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The thin battery is an acidic or alkaline thin battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material comprises conductive material. The active cathode material is manganese dioxide (MnO2), the active anode material is zinc (Zn), and the electrolyte is zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The conductive material additionally comprises at least one other allotrope of carbon (preferably carbon graphite powder). The inner diameter of the CNTs is 1-50 (preferably 5-20) nm and the tube length is 5-50 (preferably 10-25) mu m. The amount of CNTs of the conductive material is 5-100 (preferably 20-40)%. The CNTs are of multi-wall type.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolyte solution contains poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and other additives as binder. EXAMPLE - A battery (test) was prepared by coating anode paste containing zinc as active anode material; and aqueous electrolyte solution (15.1 g) containing zinc chloride electrolyte, poly vinyl alcohol binder, and other additives on separator paper. Then cathode paste containing conductive material of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (0.9 g), carbon powder (0.6 g), and similar electrolyte solution was coated on another separator paper. The layers coated with the anode and cathode pastes were then laminated together with the cathode and anode layers outside and the electrolyte in between them. Then anode collector material was added on the anode side of the product and cathode collector material on the cathode side of the product and a polymer film as sealing material was added on both sides to form an envelope around the product. A comparative battery was prepared similarly as test battery instead of adding CNTs, graphite powder (1.5 g) was added and electrolyte solution (8.4 g) was used. After three month storage time, the test battery showed higher capacity (mAh) (75) than the comparative battery (62).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic group is sulfonic acid group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyelectrolyte material (preferably aromatic polyether polymer) further contains structural units of formulae -Ar3(SO3M1)a1-C(=O)-(B1-C(=O))m2-Ar4(SO3M2)a2- and -E-Ar5-(D1-Ar6)m3-E-. The protecting group may be of formula (P2). The structural units (Q1) and (Q2) may be of formulae (Q3) and (Q4), respectively.Ar3-Ar6=arbitrary bivalent arylene groups;B1=arbitrary divalent organic groups;M1,M2=H, metal cation or ammonium cation;a1,a2=1-4;m2,m3=0 or positive integer;E=O or S;D1=direct bond, ketone, O or S; andX=one or more of 6 compounds, e.g. (X-1)-(X-6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The gas barrier layer contains unsaturated carboxylic acid metal salt crosslinked with coating liquid containing metal alkoxide and/or hydroxyl-containing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid electrolyte contains 1-20 wt.% of alpha -alumina. The sulfide type lithium ion conductor consists of a crystalline and/or amorphous sulfide type lithium ion solid electrolyte. The lithium ion solid electrolyte contains a semiconductor. The sulfide type lithium ion conductor contains lithium sulfide, silicon sulfide and lithium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solid electrolyte contains an organic binder which consists of a resin material as main material. The resin material contains a styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide and/or a hot-melt resin as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) uses hydrogen gas and silane gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thin film solar cell comprises amorphous silicon and fine crystal silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silver electrode film is coated with polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Component: The methano fullerene derivative contains substituent other than thiophene-type heterocyclic ring. A photoelectric transducer comprises methano fullerene derivative and conjugated polymer compound containing thiophene ring as hole transport material. Preferred Definitions:    Tp=thiophene-type heterocyclic ring of formulae (a-e).    EXAMPLE - Fullerene (C60) (in mg) (50), was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (1.5 ml). Then, tosyl hydrazone (56.7) of formula (1a), and sodium methoxide (8) were mixed and added to resulting solution and heated at more than 100 degrees C for 1.5 hours, filtered and dried to obtain methano fullerene derivative of formula (1b) having 5-ethylthio phen-2-yl and 3-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl. The obtained methano fullerene derivative had yield of 52.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating resin is selected from fluororesin, methacryl resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The coating layer comprises (pts.wt.) compound inhibiter (1-5), modified starch (40-55), polyacrylamide (10-20), polyvinyl alcohol (5-10), and auxiliary ingredient. Preferred Components: The substrate paper is wood fiber paper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorocopolymer layer includes a titanium dioxide, a fluorocopolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and one or more alkyl vinyl ethers. The second layer comprises polyester, polycarbonate, polyolefin, polyurethane, a liquid crystal polymer, Aclar (RTM: Polychloro-trifluoroethylene), aluminum, sputtered aluminum oxide polyester, sputtered silicon dioxide polyester, sputtered aluminum oxide polycarbonate and sputtered silicon dioxide polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The polymer is one or more of 6 compounds, e.g. formula (XXIII). Preferred Properties: The polymer has average molecular weight of 1000-5000000 (preferably 500-2000000). Preferred Definitions:    Ar1-Ar3=optionally substituted carbazole, arylamine, Ph, tolyl, naphthyl, stilbene, fluorenthyl, anthracenyl, terphenyl, pyrenyl, diPh anthracenyl, dinaphthylanthracenyl, pentacenyl, BrPh, OHPh, thienyl, pyridyl, azobenzenyl or ferrocenyl;    Z=optionally substituted Ph, naphthyl, anthracenyl, fluorenyl, thiophene, pyrrol, pyridine, aryloxadiazole, triazole, carbazole, arylamine, arylsilane, or one or more of 21 compounds, e.g. groups of formulae (II-V);    R1-R5=R';    Y1=single bond, O, S, NR'', SiR''R'''or CR''R'';    R'',R'''=H, halo, CN, OH, NH2, NO2, COOH, or optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl, 6-30C aryl or 2-30C heteroaryl    n1-n3=0-4; and    n4=0-1.    EXAMPLE - A 9-(3-bromophenyl)-9-H-fluorene-9-ol (6 g) and 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)9-H-carbazole (2.13 g) were dissolved in dichloromethane (40 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere, and boron trifluoride diethylether complex (3 ml) was slowly added. The mixture was agitated at room temperature for 12 hours, and water (50 ml) was added. The reactant was extracted with dichloromethane and washed four times with water. The extraction solution was dried with anhydrous magnesium. The dried solution was treated to remove solvent under reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified through silica gel column with solvent of methylenechloride/hexane mixed in a ratio of 1:3 to obtain 5 g white polymer compound of formula (M-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The collection frame is made of biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate polyester fabric arranged to be inflated by air to form thee spherical shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is powdered and precipitated chalks, silicates, silica or soot. The chalks are surfaces treated. The silicate is talc, china clay, mica, silicon oxide, silicic acid or calcium- or magnesium-silicate. The hydrophilic substance is molecular sieves (zeolites) of the type 3A-10A.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-aging agents are sterically hindered phenol, thioether, mercapto compound, phosphorus esters, benzotriazole, benzophenone, hindered amine light stabilizer or ozone preventive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The olefinic polymer and modified polymer are polyisobutylene, polybutene, butyl rubber (polyisobutylene-isoprene), styrene-block-copolymer, preferably styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene, styrene/ethylene-propylene/styrene, styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-polyisobutylene-styrene, or in a modified form and amorphous co- and/or terpolymer of alpha -olefins (amorphous poly-alpha-olefins (APAO)), where the polymer is modified with at least a terminal or within the chain of statistically distributed group of the formula (-A(-Si(R22b)(Xb)-O)n-Si(R13a)-Xa).A = -(CH2)m-, -S-(CH2)m- or -NH-C(=O)-NH-R3-;R1, R2 = 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl or 7-20C aralkyl;X = OH or a hydrolysable group;R3 = -(CH2)m-NH-(CH2)m-;a = 0-3;b = 0-2, where the sum of a and b is greater than or equal to 1;n = 0-18; andm = 0-4. EXAMPLE - Typical composite edge composition comprised of (in wt.%): polyisobutylene (PIB) (40); silane modified amorphous poly-alpha-olefins or PIB (10); calcium carbonate (20); special soot (17); molecular sieve of the type A3 (12); and phenolic antioxidants (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide solution includes solvent evaporated in concentration process; metal alkoxide mixed in 5-60 vol.% unconcentrated solvent; additive mixed in 5-20 vol.% solvent; and dispersion solution for diluting gel-type metal oxide. The metal alkoxide includes titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), indium (In), barium (Ba), potassium (K), niobium (Nb), iron (Fe), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), samarium (Sm), bismuth (Bi), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), cerium (Ce), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), rhodium (Rh) and/or ruthenium (Ru). The metal alkoxide is titanium isopropoxide. The gel-type metal oxide includes additive bonded to metal alkoxide. The first electrode comprises indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and/or indium zinc oxide (IZO). The second electrode is aluminum (Al), Ba, calcium (Ca), In, Cu, Ag, gold (Au), ytterbium (Yb) and/or Sm. Preferred Properties: The metal oxide solution is formed in the state where oxygen and moisture are removed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is alcohol. The additive is alcohol amine, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium hydroxide or ethanol amine. The device further comprises dispersion which includes alcohol, chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), xylene, dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic layer includes polymer selected from polyaniline-, polypyrrol-, polyacetylene-, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- (PEDOT-), poly(phenylene-vinylene)- (PPV-), poly(fluorine)-, poly(p-phenylene)- (PPP-), poly(alkyl-thiophene)-, poly(pyridine) (PPy)-based materials, and/or polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid. The depletion layer includes polyaniline-emeraldine base formed by dedoping of organic layer in response to redox reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The conductive polymer layer (8) contains polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor layer of the die solar cell consist of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, niobium oxide, alkaline-earth oxide, rare earth oxide, metal oxide and semiconducting polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The ceramic particles in the porous insulating coating for the reference electrode is selected from silicon dioxide, alumina, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, or other electrically insulating ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The working electrodes comprise electro-active materials e.g. lithium cobalt oxide, lithium transition metal phosphate compounds, capable of lithium uptake and release. The reference electrodes are selected from the group including lithium titanium oxide, lithium transition metal phosphate, lithium manganese spinel, with or without substituent elements, and alloys of lithium with metals such as tin, aluminum, and antimony, or comprised from lithium iron phosphate. The battery can is formed of metal selected from aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and titanium with exposed metal surfaces coated by non-porous electrically insulating coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reference electrodes are encapsulated by porous polyolefin separators or by porous insulating coating comprising mixture of ceramic particles and binder. The binder consists of polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polymethylmethacrylate, latex rubber, carboxy methyl cellulose, or other polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first electrode is transparent and formed from a layer of a transparent conductive oxide (preferably indium tin oxide) and a layer of a transparent conductive organic material (preferably poly-3,4-alkenedioxythiophene:poly(styrene-sulfonic acid)). The metal comprises aluminum or silver. The layers are calcium and aluminum, silver, lithium fluoride and aluminum or silver. The substrate is glass (preferably borosilicate or sodalime glass    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer comprises material selected from poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), poly(2,7-(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene-((4-secbutylphenyl)imino)-1,4-phenylene)) (TFB) and poly (9,9-diocytlfluorene-co-(bis-N,N'-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-bis-N,N'- phenylbenzidine)) (BFE). The substrate is plastic (preferably polyethylene terephthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass, preferably borosilicate or soda-lime glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transparent conductive oxide comprises indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The second electrode is formed from a metal(s), which comprises aluminum or silver. It is formed from greater than or equal to 2 layers, which are calcium or lithium fluoride and aluminum or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron accepting material comprises fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The interlayer comprises polymethyl methacrylate, silicon oxide, or calcium oxide. The photovoltaic device comprises a first interlayer between the first electrode and the active layer and a second interlayer between the active layer and second electrode. The active layer comprises a mixture of greater than or equal to 2 active materials. It comprises a mixture of an electron accepting material and an electron donating material. The electron donating material comprises a conjugated polymer, preferably polythiophene. The active layer comprises a mixture of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonylpropyl)-1-phenyl-(6.6)C61 (PCBM). The first electrode is transparent and formed from a layer of a transparent conductive oxide and a layer of a transparent conductive organic material. The conductive organic material comprises poly(styrenesulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The substrate is plastic, preferably polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Parameter: The thickness of the interlayer(s) is not greater than 20, preferably not greater than 10 nm. The ratio of P3HT to PCBM in the active layer is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises titanium, steel, coated steel, aluminum or its alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): A glycerin derivative, aldehyde and fullerene having 60C atoms are reacted at 50-350 degrees C for 30 minutes to 50 hours, to obtain fullerene derivative (1). Preferred Composition: The composition contains fullerene derivative (1) and electron donor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor is polymer compound. An organic photoelectric transducer contains layer formed using composition containing fullerene derivative (1). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 28 Specific fullerene derivatives such as fullerene derivatives of formulae (A-E) are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - Fullerene having 60C atoms (in mg) (500), (2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylamino)acetic acid (185), 1-naphthaldehyde (217) and chlorobenzene (100 mL) were added, refluxed at 150 degrees C for 3 hours and cooled, to obtain fullerene derivative of formula (A). The fullerene derivative had excellent solubility in organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The sulfide is binary-type compound chosen from molybdenum sulfide, sulfuration rhodium, sulfuration ruthenium or sulfuration rhenium. The composite sulfide is ternary-type compound of formulae: Rh-X-S and Ru-X'-S.X= molybdenum, palladium, selenium, silicon, tantalum, tellurium, thorium, vanadium, zinc, rhodium, ruthenium, antimony and tungsten;andX'=molybdenum, palladium, selenium, silicon, tantalum, tellurium, thorium, vanadium, zinc, ruthenium, antimony and tungsten.Preferred Particles: The fine particles are carbon black and/or carbon nanotube. Preferred Properties: The fine particles composite has average particle diameter of 1 nm to 1 mu m. The hydrothermal reaction or solvothermal reaction of solvent mixture is carried out at 200-600 degrees C, and heat-processed in inert gas at 300-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The coating method is carries out by spin-casting method or chemical vapor deposition method. The anti-reflective structure formation process further involves selecting porosity and thickness of the nano-porous etch mask to control index of refraction in the substrate, treating the substrate surface, and dry-etching the substrate. The structures form periodic structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises ceramic nanoparticles consisting of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or silicon dioxide nanoparticles particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second polymer blocks comprise styrene, methacrylate, vinylpyridine, vinylcyclohexane, imide, amide, propylene and/or alpha-methylstyrene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first linear polymer blocks comprise polyethers, polyamines, and/or polyethylene oxide. The third polymer block is polysiloxanes, polyacrylates or polydienes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The flexible solar cell comprises flexible substrate, first electrode layer, semiconductor layer, and second electrode layer in order. The solar cell module includes an optical detector (41) and a close-loop control circuit (42). The optical detector detects an intensity of light incident on the flexible solar cell. The optical detector is attached to the first surface. The close-loop control circuit has in-put and out-put ends. The in-put and out-put ends are electrically connected with optical detector and SMA layer, respectively. The optical detector is a photo-thermal detector, a photoelectric detector, or a light pressure detector. The close-loop control circuit comprises a comparing unit (421) and a control unit. A predetermined reference value of light intensity is stored in the comparing unit. The comparing unit compares a value of the light intensity detected by the optical detector with the reference value and generates a control signal to the control unit. The control unit supplies a current to the SMA layer based on the control signal to change the shape of the SMA layer. The SMA layer has a multilayer structure having a SMA laminated thin film layers. The SMA is single layer structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The flexible substrate is made of aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy, Al, Mg, stainless steel, or polymer. The SMA layer is single-crystal or two-way SMA. The SMA layer is made of titanium nitride alloy, copper based SMA, or iron based SMA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The microparticles comprise polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The negative-electrode mixture layer contains a polyacene-based organic semiconductor, which is a heat-treated material of an aromatic condensation polymer and has a polyacene skeletal structure in which a ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms is 0.05-0.50, graphite, or hard carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron injection layer comprises a material selected from calcium and/or lithium derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The short-wavelength absorption compound comprises a hydrophilic conductive compound selected from polyphenylenevinylene-based polymer and/or pentacene compound. The long-wavelength absorption compound comprises a non-hydrophilic conjugated polymer selected from thiophene-based polymer and/or dithiophene-based polymer. The electron accepting material is selected from fullerene, fullerene derivatives, perylene, carbon nanotubes and/or semiconductor nanoparticles. The material in the buffer layer is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and/or poly(styrene-sulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyelectrolyte comprises Nafion(RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silica precursor further contains radiation curable composition comprising radiation curable monomer and photoinitiator. Preferred Process: The curing process involves exposing the coating layer to ultraviolet radiation for curing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The depositing process is carried out by spin coating, roller coating or spray coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic material contains octadecyl trichlorosilane, octadecyl triethoxy silane, methyl trichlorosilane, dipodal silane having dual reactive sites, bis(triethoxysilyl)decane, tridecafluoro tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane, tridecafluoro tetrahydrooctyl triethoxy silane, octadecyl phosphonic acid, methyl phosphonic acid, fluorinated polyether material, perfluoropolyether containing reactive silane group, perfluoropolyether-based polyurethane dispersion, diphosphate derivative of perfluoropolyether, and/or micro-emulsion of hydroalcoholic perfluoropolyether. The surface treatment composition comprises octadecyl phosphonic acid, solvent having molarity of 0.0001-0.01M, and solvent having molarity of 0.002-0.008M. Preferred Property: The low-index coated material has a percent transmission and/or percent reflection which are not substantially affected by the overcoat layer comprising the organic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains rigid transparent material such as glass, glass fiber or glass fiber resin, or transparent polymer material comprising polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly-methylmethacrylate, polycarbonate and/or their copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The chip comprises N- and P-type layers (211, 212), and top and bottom electrodes (213, 214) on top and bottom surfaces of the chip, respectively. The device includes moisture-protection layer (23) for packaging the chip and nano or micro particles on the surface of the chip. The chip comprises a solar cell. Preferred Methods: The nano or micro particles are formed by sol-gel, reversed micelle, or hot soap. The method includes moving the chip up and down, or rotating the chip clockwise or counterclockwise in the solution during uniform coating of the nano or micro particles on the surface of the chip. An optoelectronic energy transformation efficiency of the chip is controlled by a raising speed of the solar chip, diameters of nano or micro particles, average thickness of antireflective layer, concentration of nano or micro particles of solution, and temperature of solution. The step of moving the chip up and down, or rotating the chip clockwise or counterclockwise in the solution is carried out by using machine arm. The uniformly coating of nano or micro particles on the surface of the chip is carried out using stirring apparatus. Preferred Parameters: The raising speed of solar chip is 0.5-5 mm/second. The concentration of the nano or micro particles of the solution is 0.1-90 pts. wt. The temperature of the solution is 10-150 degrees C. The diameters of nano or micro particles are 90-750 nm. The thickness of anti-reflective layer is 90-2250 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nano or micro particles comprise silicon oxide, polystyrene, or polymethylmethacrylate. The moisture-protection layer comprises transparent glue, or a polymer with good light transmittance and water-proof function.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The surface occupation rate of polymeric graft chain in the compound microparticles is 5-50%. The molecular weight distribution index of polymeric graft chain is 1.5 or less. Preferred Composition: The solid polymer electrolyte further contains ionic liquid having compatibility, and mobile ion. EXAMPLE - Polymer silica compound microparticles (in g) (0.1) having number average molecular weight of 5000 and molecular weight distribution of 1.17, N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methacryloylethyl)-N-methyl ammonium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (0.033) were mixed. Then, acetonitrile (3) was add-mixed. The resulting mixture was then dripped on the flat plate, and acetonitrile was volatilized, to obtain solid electrolyte film having high mechanical strength and excellent shape stability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic-semiconductor element consists of polyamine compound as hole-injection material. The polyamine compound is of formula: -((Ar1-N(-R))m-(Ar2)n)-.Ar1,Ar2=phenyl substituted by 1-8C alkyl or alkoxy group(s), naphthylene, biphenylene, thienylene or fluorene-2,7-diyl group;R=t-butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, benzyl carbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl or methoxymethyl;m=1 or 2;andn=0 or 1.Preferred Property: The polyamine compound has number average molecular weight of 1000-500000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, lithium acetate, lithium trifluoroacetate, lithium triflate, lithium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium-bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A 1-alkylimidazole or 1,2-dialkylimidazole and paraformaldehyde are reacted, to obtain 1-alkyl-2-hydroxyalkylimidazole. The obtained 1-alkyl-2-hydroxyalkylimidazole is reacted with carboxylic acid anhydride, to obtain 1-alkyl-2-alkylketoneoxyalkylimidazole. The obtained 1-alkyl-2-alkylketoneoxyalkylimidazole is reacted with 1,3-propane sultone or 1,4-butane sultone, to obtain imidazolium-based amphoteric ion (I). Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfuran, 1-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, triglyme and tetraglyme.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Device: Reactions in (1 and 2) are carried out in microwave oven. Preferred Components: In (4), eluent for the chromatographic resolution is toluene. Preferred Process: Preparing flexible organic photovoltaic device comprises: (1) plating thiofuran oligomer derivative whose thickness is 140-150 nm on conductive polyester film by vacuum evaporation; (2) plating 3,4,9,10-dinaphthalopyromellitic dianhydride whose thickness is 130-140 nm on the oligomer by vacuum evaporation; and (3) plating aluminum whose thickness is 110-120 nm on the 3,4,9,10-dinaphthalopyromellitic dianhydride through vacuum evaporation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The isocyanate is toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, and/or dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The liquid rubber sealing coating contains (in weight parts) isocyanate terminal-blocked liquid polybutadiene (100), polybutadiene-cinnamene or polybutadiene-propylene nitrile oligomer, 3,6-S-dimethyl-2,5-toluenediamine or 3,6-diethyl-2,5-toluenediamine (5-20), gamma -trimethoxyether-based silane coupling agent (1-10), dibutyltin laurate (0.01-0.1), and carbon black (10-30).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic ceramics powder is silicon dioxide, aluminum sesquioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, or zinc oxide. Preferred Process: The coating mode for the surface of the substrate is knife coating, transferring roller coating, or anilox roller coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymerization monomer is methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl ethyl malonate, acrylonitrile, or vinyl acetate. The oil-soluble evocating agent is isobutyric acid di-tert-butyl ester peroxide. The organic solvent is acetone, cyclohexane, or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The conductive agent is a conductive carbon black having specific surface area of 10-80 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The solvent of non-aqueous electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: In polymer lithium-ion battery, the film formed on the polymer base is polyolefin film. A film forming additive is vinylene carbonate and/or propylene sulfite. The polymer base contains copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene, copolymer of epoxy ethane and epoxy propane, polyacrylonitrile and/or polymethylacrylate. The battery core of lithium-ion battery is covered by aluminum-plastic packaging film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The conductive polymer is polyaniline or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The battery case (1) is made of plastics, stainless steel, or pure titanium materials. The mixed acids are perfluorinated sulfonic acid, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, silicotungstic acid, or phosphoric acid. The metal powder is silver (Ag) powder, gold (Au) powder, or copper (Cu) powder. The metal salt is sodium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous materials are montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, white carbon black, or activated carbon. The metal organic compound is titanic acid ester or silicon ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conducting polymer is polyaniline or polypyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substance: The polymer substance is polymer of vinylidene chloride and hexafluoropropylene. Preferred Membrane: The membrane is micro-porous polyolefin membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: A lithium ion button cell has a positive electrode shell, an active material current collector such as copper sheet, a negative electrode shell, an electrolyte such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, an organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, a reference electrode such as lithium sheet, and a sealing ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: A conjugated monomer containing active terminal group bromine, ester of boric acid, stannic acid, butyl lithium, anhydride and an amine derivative are used during manufacture of polymer donor material. 3-methyl-oxacyclobutane compound and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-benzene are further used during manufacture of polymer donor material. Preferred Process: Monobromobenzene or monoborate is used for improving the photo-thermal stability of the polymer donor material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The linker is N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide). The monomer is 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and methyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicon coating is applied by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, UV-assisted chemical vapor deposition, or sputtering; and is produced by UV-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The silicon is a doped.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbonized additive is derived from a carbonizable additive selected from furfuryl alcohol, pitches and tars, and citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The paper includes a polymeric binder. The carbonized additive is derived from a carbonizable additive selected from polyacrylonitrile, and phenolic resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pores are uniformly provided in the metal oxide coat layer. A concentration of the pores formed in the metal oxide coat layer is of 10-1000000 (preferably 1000 to 10000) pores/ mu m2. A size of the pores is 0.1-100 (preferably 1-10) nm. A membrane thickness of the metal oxide coat layer is 1-1000 (preferably 10-100) nm. The pore-forming material is polyvinyl alcohol. A number-average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 100-10000 (preferably 500-2000). Preferred Method: The gel coat film in which the metal organic compound and the pore-forming material are uniformly dispersed and adhered is formed and the pores in the metal oxide coat layer are uniformly formed by firing the gel coat film obtained in the sol-gel process. The metal organic compound is a metal alkoxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactive gas comprises oxygen, ammonia, an oxygen comprising agent and a nitrogen comprising agent, and an inert gas consisting of a noble gas and/or nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass, quartz crystal, sapphire, silicon, silicon carbide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyether sulfone, polyimide, cycloolefin system polymer and/or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Method: The deposition is conducted on a glass substrate coated with an insulating layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate can be a metal foil coated with the insulating layer. The group III chalcogenide thin film contains indium (In) and/or gallium (Ga). The device comprises the substrate coated with a film of molybdenum (2), a chalcopyrite layer (5) coated by a cadmium sulfide film, a layer of intrinsic zinc oxide, and a layer of aluminum (Al) doped zinc oxide. Preferred Method: Copper (Cu) is incorporated into the chalcogenide film by exchange of group III ions in the film by Cu atoms in a liquid and diffusion of the copper atoms throughout the chalcogenide film. The method may involve depositing In-Ga-selenide (Se) compound layer or alloy onto the substrate; placing the chalcogenide layer into a media containing copper ions for their incorporation into the layer; and heat treating the resulting mixed layer to convert the mixed into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 phase. The incorporation of Cu into the chalcogenide film occurs by exchange of group III ions in the film by Cu ions in an aqueous solution containing a Cu salt. An additional source of metal ions of group IB other than Cu is added to the solution. The method includes exchanging In atoms in the layer with Ga or Al atoms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solution is a non-aqueous solution, preferably organic solution, containing a Cu salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate can be polymer foil coated with the insulating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material is film-formed by flow-casting way, or adopts porous material supporting plates. Preferred Process: The flow-casting way is dissolving the polymer material into N,N-dimethyl acetamide to form film-making liquid whose solid content is 5-10wt.%, filtering to remove the un-dissolved impurity, ultrasonic removing bubble to form film on the clean glass plate. The film-making way of porous material supporting plates is immerging the multi-pore material supporting plates into 5-15wt.% phenpromethamine solution of polymer material about 1-4 hours, and taking out and drying to form film. The quaternization is processed in photophobic condition, marinating the film into 10-20% methyl iodide solution about 24 hours, washing with de-ionized water; alkalization comprises marinating quaternized film into 10-15% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or 10% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution about 24 hours, taking out and washing with de-ionized water to obtain film material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Thickness of silicon-titanium formation film layer is 0.01-5 (0.01-2) microns. Preferred Method: Silicon-titanium formation film layer is formed on the surfaces of basal layer and fluorine-based film layer via plasma silicon-titanium processing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fluorine-based film layer is tetrafluoroethylene based film layer or chlorotrifluoroethylene based film layer. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of fluorine-based film layer is 5-200 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Basal layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) basal layer or polyethylene (PE) superfine closed cell foaming layer. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of basal layer is 0.1-10 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The basic layer is polyethylene terephthalate basic layer or polyethylene ultra-fine unicellular foaming layer. The fluorine-based layer is tetrafluoroethylene-based layer or trifluorochloroethylene-based layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Fluorosilicone film forming layer is 0.001-5 (0.001-2) mm thick. Preferred Components: Surface of base layer and/or fluoro-film layer is formed into fluorosilicone film forming layer via plasma fluorosilicone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fluoro-film layer is tetrafluoroethylene film layer or chlorotrifluoroethylene film layer. Preferred Parameters: Fluoro-film layer is 5-200 mm thick.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Base layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base layer or polyethylene (PE) ultra-fine foam layer. Preferred Parameters: Base layer is 0.1-10 mm thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The surface of substrate and/or fluorine-type film is treated with plasma silicon titanizing process, to form silicon-titanium formation film. Preferred Components: The substrate is polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene ultra-fine closed foaming layer. The fluorine-type film is tetrafluoroethylene-type film or trifluorochloroethene-type film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing comprises a heat-resistant plastic comprising polyphenylene sulfide and polyethersulfone. The fault element includes a layer of electrically non-conductive plastic comprising silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The water transport structure is porous material formed from foam, cotton, wool, glass fiber, felt, flocked fibers, paper or polymer fiber composite. Preferred Composition: The water transport structure contains hydrophilic coated material and hydrophobic coated material. Preferred Material: The hydrophilic coated material is metal oxide or silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compound: The hydrogenizable material is a metal selected from group consisting of titanium, iron, chromium and zirconium, and optionally calcium, magnesium, copper nickel and manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): A phthalonitrile compound of formula (13) is reacted with basic catalyst and cyclized in presence of center metal salt, to obtain phthalocyanine compound. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 15 Specific phthalocyanine compounds such as 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octathiophenylmethyl phthalocyanate copper (II) of formula (1a), 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octathiophenylmethyl phthalocyanate cobalt (II), 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octathiophenylmethyl phthalocyanate nickel (II), 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octathiophenylmethyl phthalocyanate zinc (II) and 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octathiophenylmethyl phthalocyanate lead (II), are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 3,6-Bis(thiophenylmethyl)phthalonitrile (in g) (0.0931), copper chloride (II) (0.0084), 1-pentanol (10 ml), and 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)-7-undecene (0.2 ml) were added and refluxed at 160 degrees C for 7 hours. The resulting mixture was cooled, and methanol (200 ml) was added and decanted. The solid product was washed using pure water (100 ml) and purified using toluene with silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octathiophenylmethyl phthalocyanate copper (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive element consists of titanium, copper, alloyed aluminum or high-grade steels with high chromium and/or nickel content and/or alloys. The conductive element is surface-coated with gold, platinum, nickel or nickel alloys, tungsten carbide, titanium-, silicon- or chromium nitride, cerium oxides with low valent elements doped tungsten and/or molybdenum oxide, and acid-stable vanadium containing heteropoly acids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material is polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylsulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, epoxy vinyl ester, vinyl ester, epoxy resin, polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, liquid crystalline polymers, blends and/or copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The solid acid has sulfonic-acid density of 0.5-14 mmol/g, proton conduction degree of 0.01-0.5 S/cm and diffraction peak of 5-30 degrees when measured at half value width (2( theta )) using carbon plane (002). Preferred Component: The heteroatom is nitrogen atom. Preferred Process: The solid acid is obtained by heating organic compound containing heteroatom in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid. A membrane electrode assembly is obtained by laminating solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layer. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layer contains solid acid and binder having proton conductivity and/or binder excluding proton conductivity. EXAMPLE - Naphthalene and pyridine were mixed, concentrated sulfuric acid was added, heated at 100 degrees C for 15 hours, and excess amount of concentrated sulfuric acid was removed by vacuum distillation process, to obtain black powder. Then, the obtained black powder was washed using distilled water (300 ml), to obtain amorphous carbon structure. The carbon atom of the amorphous carbon structure was substituted by nitrogen atom, to obtain amorphous carbon. The obtained amorphous carbon had sulfonic-acid density of 3.3 mmol/g and proton conduction degree of 0.07 S/cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide or silicon oxide. Preferred Film: The separation film is aluminum-coated film or metal aluminum film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is toluene, butanone, ethyl acetate and/or butyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine resin is homopolymer or copolymer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene. The modified resin is polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropene resin modified by active methylene group, carboxyl group, aziridine group, sulfonic group, isocyanate group, epoxy group, amine group or hydroxyl group. Preferred Arrangement: An adhesive layer is provided on one side of backboard. The adhesive layer is polyvinyl acetate layer, polyvinyl butyral layer or polyolefin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silicon oxide or titanium oxide has a particle size of 1200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The perfluorinated sulfonic polymer or non-perfluorinated sulfonic polymer has a weight of 0.8-3.5 mmole equivalence/g. The proton film material of the non-perfluorinated sulfonic solid polymer is sulfonated polyaralkyl ether sulfone, sulfonated poly aryl ether sulfone, sulfonated polyaryl ether-ketone or sulfonated polyether-ketone. Preferred Method: The proton film material of the non-perfluorinated sulfonic solid polymer is obtained by sulfonating the polymer containing aromatic ring, and ether group, ketone group and/or sulfuryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The interfacial layer comprises a hole-transporting polymer. The hole-transporting polymer comprises poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-(4-(3-methyl propyl))diphenylamine) and 4,4'-bis((p-trichloro silyl propyl phenyl) phenyl amino) biphenyl. The electron-donating organic material comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyl-octyloxy))-p-phenylene vinylene, poly(2,7-(9-(2'-ethylhexyl)-9-hexyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b,3,4-6')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)), or poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(p-phenylene-vinylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide is aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide, aqueous solution of mixed alkali metal hydroxides, or aqueous solution of organic alkali compound. The nano-particles are hydrophilic silicon dioxide or hydrogen dioxide. Preferred Composition: The concentration of aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide is 30-60 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The average molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol is 10000-120000, preferably 20000-80000. The purity of polyvinyl alcohol is 80-99%. The average molecular weight of poly(epichlorohydrin) is 100000-1000000. The purity of poly(epichlorohydrin) is more than 50%. In (a), the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol is 10-30 wt.%; and the concentration of poly(epichlorohydrin) is 10-30 wt.%. Preferred Conditions: In (b), the reaction is carried out at 50-90 degrees C; dissolving is for 1-2 hours; stirring speed is 100-1500 rotations/minute; and drying is for 1-4 hours. In (e), immersion is for 2-20 hours. Preferred Process: In (a), nano-particles or powders are added to polyvinyl alcohol. The preparation of alkaline polymer electrolyte film also comprises adding glass fiber cloth with thickness of 5-20 mu m, polyethylene/polypropylene porous film, and nylon porous film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymers: The polymer is polyurethane, polyetherurethane, polyurethane copolymer, celluloseacetate, celluloseacetatebutyrate, celluloseacetatepropionate, polymethylmethacrylate, polymethylacrylate, polyacrylic copolymer, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylacetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyfurfuryl alcohol, polystyrene, polystyrene copolymer, polyethyleneoxide, polypropyleneoxide, polyethyleneoxide copolymer, polypropyleneoxide copolymer, polycarbonate, polyvinylchloride, polycaprolactone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer, polyamide, and/or their copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The alpha -olefin in the alpha -olefin-vinyl acetate-copolymers consist of ethene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The non-meltable resin crosslinks the meltable resin. The meltable resin is polyolefin or acid modified polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing unit is made of one among polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, epoxy resin, fluororesin and silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Broensted acid is chosen from oxo acid, imido acid, thio acid and hydrohalic acid, preferably chosen from trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imido acid and hydrogen chloride. The proton-accepting functional group has structural units chosen from urea, melamine, thiourea, guanamine, guanidinium, urethane and amide structure. The functional group is contained in principal chain and/or side chain. Preferred Definitions:    Q=carbon;and    Z=nitrogen.    EXAMPLE - Urea and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imido acid were mixed in molar ratio of 8:2, and heated at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes, to obtain a liquid compound. The obtained liquid compound (1.3 g) and ion-exchange water (2.5 ml) were mixed, cooled, and formalin (0.81 g) was added, to obtain a solution. To obtained solution was impregnated into porous membrane, and the impregnated porous membrane was stuck on polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, dried at 60 degrees C under reduced pressure, and heated at 180 degrees C for 5 hours, to obtain ion conductor. The ion conductor had film thickness of 125 mu m and excellent ionic conductivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The low-temperature solidification material is polydimethylsiloxane or epoxide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst layer contains catalyst and electroconductive particles. The anode and/or cathode comprise catalyst layer and porous support. The membrane electrode assembly consists of anode, cathode and electrolytic membrane arranged between anode and cathode. The niobium oxycarbonitride is a mixture consisting of phases, and has peak derived from niobium oxide (Nb12O29) measured by powder X-ray diffractometry using copper-K( alpha ) ray. The niobium oxycarbonitride has compositional formula: NbCxNyOz.x,y=0.1-2;z=0.01-3;andx+y+z=5 or less.Preferred Properties: The niobium oxycarbonitride has two or more diffraction line peaks observed between diffraction angle (2( theta )) of 33-43 degrees , measured by powder X-ray diffractometry using copper-K( alpha ) ray. The catalyst has Brunauer-Emmett-and-Teller specific surface area of 1-1000 m2/g. Preferred Composition: The inert gas comprises oxygen gas (0.1-10 volume%) and hydrogen gas (5 volume% or less). Preferred Process: The niobium carbonitride is heat-processed at 400-1400 degrees C and pulverized. EXAMPLE - Vulcan72 (RTM: carbon) (600 mg) and niobium oxide (2.5 g) were mixed, reacted and heated at 1600 degrees C for 1 hour, to obtain niobium carbonitride (1.8 g). Then, obtained niobium carbonitride (1.02) was heated at 800 degrees C for 1 hour under oxygen and argon gas, to obtain catalyst. The obtained catalyst had Brunauer-Emmett-and-Teller specific surface area of 2.1 m2/g, and excellent durability, corrosion resistance and high oxygen reducing ability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glue layer is spin on glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor substrate comprises single crystal silicon, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, Group Il/VI, or Group III/IV materials. The patterned cleave region comprises regions having a hydrogen concentration. The co-implant process comprises hydrogen and helium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The glue layer is spin on a metal layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The glue layer is spin on a eutectic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The glue layer is spin on a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant comprises niobium and tantalum. The electrocatalyst comprises a platinum-ruthenium alloy (30-70 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ion exchange member comprises polymeric material containing sulfonic acid group, sulfyl acidic radical, phosphoric acid group and/or carboxylic acid group as functional group, and zirconium phosphate or antimony oxide as inorganic type ion exchange material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water absorptive part is hydrophobic polymer and hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophobic polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, their copolymers, or their derivatives. The hydrophilic polymer is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) polymer, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) polymers, their copolymers, or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anion immobilizing material comprises 1-95 weight% of boron compound (1 or 2) or aluminum compound (3). Preferred Acid: The acid is chosen from phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and formic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating layer further contains polymeric matrix (II) (5-99 weight%). The non-humidified polymer electrolyte membrane consists of polymeric matrix (I) (5-99 weight%) and acid (1-95 weight%). Preferred Compound: The polymeric matrix (I and II) consists of mixture of homopolymer which consists of monomer chosen from benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, imide compound and carbonate compound, and copolymer. Preferred Layer: The coating layer is coated with a single layer on both surfaces of the non-humidified polymer electrolyte membrane. Preferred Property: The coating layer has thickness of 1-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic solvent vaporized to electrolytic membrane is supplied by supplying mixed gas of hydrogen gas and vaporized organic solvent to catalyst layer(s).
EXAMPLE - 0.4M cerium nitrate aqueous solution was dripped into 0.25M ammonium carbonate aqueous solution heated at 55 degrees C, at a rate of 2 ml/minute for 20 hours, and aged at 55 degrees C. The deposited substance was filter-separated, and dried, to obtain precursor powder. The obtained precursor powder was calcined at 400 degrees C for 2 hours under oxygen atmosphere, to obtain crystalline ceria powder. The resulting powder was mixed with 0.025M chloroplatinic-acid aqueous solution, solvent was evaporated under inert gas atmosphere, and dried. The obtained solid was calcined at 400 degrees C for 1 hour, and mixed with tin oxide powder. Then, carbon black powder was add-mixed, to obtain powdery anode material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total content of organic indium compound and organometallic compound is 5-20 weight%. The molar ratio of organic indium compound and organometallic compound is 100/0.1-100/50. The organometallic compound is a metal acetylacetone complex and/or a metal alkoxide. The metal acetylacetone complex and/or metal alkoxide contain metallic elements in organometallic compound. The organic indium compound is an acetylacetone indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cellulose derivative is ethyl cellulose and/or a hydroxypropylcellulose. The solvent is alkylphenol and/or alkenyl phenol, dibasic acid ester, and/or benzylacetate. Preferred Process: The coating liquid is coated on a substrate, dried and baked at 300 degrees C or more. Preferred Method: The coating liquid is coated by inkjet printing method, screen-printing method, gravure method, offset printing method, flexographic-printing method, dispenser printing method, slit coat method, diecoat method, doctor blade coat method, wire bar-coat method, spin coat method, dip-coat method or spray-coating method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid further contains a binder (5 weight% or less). The binder is a cellulose derivative and/or an acrylic resin. EXAMPLE - Acetylacetone indium (in g) (39.34), acetylacetone titanium (0.66), p-tert-butylphenol (28), dibasic acid ester (28) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (4) were added and heated at 130 degrees C for 90 minutes to obtain reaction solution. The obtained reaction solution (2.5), cyclohexanone (3.5) and methyl ethyl ketone (4) were added and mixed to obtain coating liquid. The coating liquid had excellent electroconductive property, stability, coating property and transparency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The solar cell component further has a compound film layer (5) on the inorganic oxide barrier layer, and a primer layer (3) formed on lower surface of the inorganic oxide barrier layer. The primer layer consists of composite of silane coupling agent or its hydrolyzate, polyol, and isocyanate compound. The silane coupling agent or its hydrolyzate has hydroxyl group of polyol, or isocyanate group of isocyanate compound, and reactive functional group. Preferred Component: The composite further contains metal alkoxide of formula: M(OR)n or its hydrolyzate.M=metallic element;R=alkyl;andn=oxidation number of metallic element.Preferred Metal: The metal in metal alkoxide or its hydrolyzate is silicon, aluminum, titanium, or zirconium. The metal alkoxide in the compound film layer is silane alkoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The plastic base material is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyimide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane. Preferred Component: The compound film layer contains component chosen from hydrolyzate of water-soluble high molecular compound, metal alkoxide, and metal alkoxide and polymer of metal alkoxide. The water-soluble high molecular compound is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and starch. Preferred Property: The resin layer (A) has thickness of 0.1-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anti-reflecting layer is made from silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium fluoride, or their salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anti-reflecting layer is made from fluoride bearing alkyl polyether compound or over fluorine alkyl ether or their salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layers: A lithium secondary battery consists of a positive electrode which has positive electrode compound-material layer (I) on a collector, a negative electrode which has negative electrode compound-material layer (II) on the collector, an electrode base layer (III) provided between the layer (I) and collector and/or layer (II) and collector, and electrolyte containing lithium. At least one of the layers (I-III) is formed using the composition (D).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon material has dispersion particle size (D50) of 2 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The acidic functional group is chosen from carboxyl group, sulfonic-acid group and phosphoric-acid group. Preferred Component: The binder component is a high molecular compound having a fluorine atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin (B) is polyvinylidene-fluoride type resin (B1) having acidic functional group, polyvinyl-type resin (B2) and/or polyester-type resin (B3). The resin (B2) is prepared by reacting a vinyl polymer (a) having 2 hydroxyl groups in its terminal with tetracarboxylic-acid dianhydride (b) having an acid-anhydride group. The vinyl polymer (a) is prepared by performing radical-polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomer (a1) in presence of a compound (a2) having 2 hydroxyl groups and a thiol group. The resin (B3) is of formula: (HOOC-)m-R21-(-COO-(-R23-COO-)n-R22)t.R21=tetravalent tetracarboxylic acid residue;R22=monoalcohol residue;R23=lactone residue;m=2 or 3;n=1-50;andt=4-m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salt: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium nonafluorobutane sulfonate, lithium aluminate, lithium aluminum chloride, or salt of Ni((CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)). Preferred Compound: The lithium intercalation compound is chosen from lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganate, lithium ferrite, vanadium pentoxide, titanium sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, and lithium-nickel-cobalt-metal oxide (LiNi(1-x-y)CoxMyO2), where x, y and x+y are 0-1 (excluding 0 and 1) and M is aluminum, strontium, magnesium or lanthanum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The non-aqueous organic solvent is chosen from carbonate, ester, and ketone. The carbonate is chosen from ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and dipropyl carbonate. Preferred Ester: The ester is chosen from butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium-aluminum oxide (LiAlO4), lithium-aluminum chloride (LiAlCl4), lithium chloride, lithium iodide and lithium nitride compound. The lithium ion in lithium intercalation compound is lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-manganese oxide (LiMnO2 and LiMn2O4), lithium-iron oxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium sulfide, molybdenum sulfide and metal complex of formula: LiNi(1-x-y)CoxMyO2, where M is aluminum, strontium, magnesium or lanthanum. Preferred Compound: The lithium nitride compound is of formula: (CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2), where x,y is natural number.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is chosen from carbonate, ester and ketone. The carbonate is chosen from ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl-propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl-propyl carbonate and dipropyl carbonate. The ester compound is chosen from butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, carprolactone, n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate. Preferred Composition: The amount of 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one is 0.01-15 weight%. EXAMPLE - Lithium hexafluorophosphate was added to ethylene carbonate and mixed, to obtain electrolyte. Then, lithium-cobalt oxide, conductive agent and binder were added to N-methyl pyrrolidone to obtain slurry. The obtained slurry was applied on an aluminum foil, dried and roll-pressed, to obtain positive electrode plate. Thus, lithium secondary battery was manufactured.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The material of trunk portion is chosen from titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, iron sulfide, cadmium selenide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, tin oxide, silicon carbide, indium nitride, indium-gallium nitride, gallium nitride, lead sulfide, lead telluride, lead selenide, bismuth sulfide, indium-bismuth, gallium-bismuth, thallium-bismuth, copper-indium-gallium selenide, and copper-indium-gallium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material of conjugate polymer filler comprises polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), their derivatives, and polymer/oligomer/copolymer of aniline, pyrrole, thiophene, p-phenylene vinylene or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkylthrophene is 3-propylthrophene, 3-butylthrophene, 3-hexylthrophene, 3-nonylthrophene, 3-decatylthrophene or 3-dodecylthrophene. Preferred Method: The complexation is carried out at 80-85?oC for 20-30 hours, where mol ratio of poly(3-alkylthrophene) and cadmium chloride or zinc chloride is 1:2-2:1, and mol ratio of anion, cadmium cation and zinc cation is 1:1-2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reflective material formed in the truncated pyramid shape structures, comprises a plastic or poly film, laminate, foil, polyester film and polymer film containing ethylene or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Method: The solid/porous film is removed from the high-melting point support. The solvent elimination step comprises evaporating the solvent at not greater than 100 degrees C. The spreading step comprises spraying the suspension comprising 10-60 wt.% solids onto the support; dipping the support in a bath of the suspension; or screen printing the layer on the support. The concentrated heat source is a reactive gas plasma flame so that the material of the dried porous layer is purified when it is melted by the plasma flame. Preferred Materials: The powder particles may comprise semiconductor material(s), preferably silicon. At least one doping element, preferably boron or phosphorus, is injected into the plasma flame to be melted together with dried porous layer. The powder particles may comprise oxide material(s), preferably silica or alumina, or spherical nickel or ceramics. Preferred Properties: The particle size is 0.1-100 mu m and the thickness of the solid film is 50-1000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The concentrated heat source is argon-hydrogen plasma for semiconductor materials or oxidizing argon-oxygen plasma for oxide materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The high-melting point support is an endless moving belt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The powder particles may comprise polymer materials. EXAMPLE - High-purity silicon particles with a maximum size of 10 mu m were used along with electronic-grade methanol to produce a uniform porous layer of silicon on a tungsten support due to the spontaneous evaporation of acetone. A reductive plasma flame (argon-hydrogen) was used to melt the surface of the layer to obtain a uniform solid silicon film of a thickness of 70-500 mu m for solar cell applications. The solid silicon film had an upper surface completely bright without any visible pores.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lift-off layer contains sodium chloride or barium-fluoride. The solar cell layer includes molybdenum (Mo) layer, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) layer, cadmium sulfide (CdS) layer and zinc oxide (ZnO) layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The diffusion prevention layer contains silicon dioxide, alumina, molybdenum, copper or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The enzyme, coenzyme and electron mediator are fixed on the negative electrode by poly ion complex. Preferred Composition: The enzyme contains oxidase accelerates oxidation of monosaccharide, and is decomposed. Preferred Enzyme: The coenzyme is diaphorase. The oxidant of the coenzyme is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The oxidase is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The proton conductor contains an electrolyte comprising an imidazole compound as a buffer substance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The mass of poly-L-lysine is 7.1x 10-3-3.6x 10-2 mg/mm2. Preferred Process: The poly ion complex is formed by coating an aqueous solution of poly-L-lysine and an aqueous solution of polyacrylate on the electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The preparation of (I) (where Y1-Y4 is O) involves reacting a naphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide of formula (ia) with a perylene-3,4-dicarboximide of formula (iib) to form a terrylene tetracarboxylic bisimide; and reacting the terrylene tetracarboxylic bisimide with a dienophile to obtain the benzoterrylene (I). The dienophile is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid anhydride. The method further involves the step of decarboxylating the benzoterrylene to obtain a benzoterrylene (I) (where R4 and R5, R6 and R7, R10 and R11, or R12 and R13, combine to form -CH=CH-). The dienophile is maleic acid. The preparation further involves reacting the benzoterrylene with an amine to obtain a benzoterrylene hexacarboxylic trisimide. The naphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide and perylene-3,4-dicarboximide are reacted at atmospheric pressure at 130-160 degrees C for at least three hours to form the terrylene tetracarboxylic bisimide; and where the terrylene tetracarboxylic bisimide and dienophile are reacted in a nitrobenzene solution at atmospheric pressure at 200 degrees C for more than two hours. Preferred Definitions:    R3-R14=H;or    R4+R5 and R10+R11=furan-2,5-dione-3,4-diyl or compound of formula (I);and    Y1-Y4=O.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds i.e. compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ie) are disclosed as (I).    EXAMPLE - N-(1-Nonyldecyl)-3,4-perylene dicarboxylic imide (1 g) was combined under argon with potassium-tert-butylate (3.64 g), 1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene (4.86 ml) and diglyme (4 ml) and then heated to 130 degrees C. N-(1-nonyldecyl)-1,8-naphthalimide (1.50 g) was gradually added through a syringe over 6 hours followed by three hours stirring at 130 degrees C to obtain N,N''-bis-(1-nonyldecyl)-3,4:11,12-terrylene tetracarboxylic bisimide (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, or their derivatives. The metal oxide is aluminum, zinc, titanium, copper and/or iron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The container further contains a hydration-reaction promoter which promotes reaction of aluminum and water. The hydration-reaction promoter contains inorganic acid (salt), organic acid (salt), and/or amine. The organic acid is formic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, or their derivatives. The salt is sodium salt, potassium salt, and/or calcium salt. The amine is monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and/or triethanolamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The isolator is a water-adsorption material containing substituent having hydrogen bond or compound with molecular structure having hydrogen bond. The isolator is paper or film made of natural cellulose fiber or chemical synthetic fiber, preferably non-woven fabric of aramid fiber, amide fiber, cellulose fiber, vinylon fiber, polyolefin fiber, rayon fiber, and/or acetate fiber. The inner side surface of container is coated with resin, silicon compound, and/or metal oxide. The resin is polyolefin resin, polyester resin, vinyl resin, and/or amide resin. The container consists of an opening and a sealing component (6). The sealing component has a discharge hole (8) in which a water-impermeable gas-permeation material (11) is provided. The water-impermeable gas-permeation material contains PTFE, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In regenerating cofactor electrochemically, the metal of the metal oxide belongs to Group 2-14 and to Period 3-6, of the Periodic Table of Elements. The metal of the metal oxide is selected from tin, iridium, titanium, chromium, copper, manganese, iron, tungsten, nickel, zinc, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, ruthenium, lead and mixtures. The cofactor is selected from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD+), and the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2). The metal oxide electrode is produced by a method for production comprising: anodizing a metal, and annealing the anodized metal. The metal is tin. The metal oxide electrode is produced by a method for production comprising: coating a glass electrode with a metal, and thermally treating the coated metal. The metal is also titanium. The metal oxide electrode comprises a mixture of 100 pts.wt. of a metal oxide, 2-25 pts.wt. of carbon black, and 2-25 pts.wt. of a binder. In oxidizing-reducing, the enzyme used in the enzymatic method for oxidation-reduction is a dehydrogenase, a reductase, or an oxygenase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The binder is selected from polytetrafloroethylene, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinylidene chloride), poly(acryl ether sulfone), poly(ether ether ketone), and Nafion (sulfonated tetrafloroethylene copolymer). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The acid receiving agent has average particle diameter of 0.01-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (100 mass parts) contains 26-33 mass parts of vinyl acetate. The amount of masterbatch with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is 0.01-50 mass parts. Preferred Condition: The masterbatch is obtained by mixing acid receiving agent and ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer at 40-90 degrees C. EXAMPLE - (in mass parts) ethylene acetic acid vinyl copolymer (100) and magnesium hydroxide (5) having average particle diameter of 0.1 mu m were mixed for 3 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated, to obtain masterbatch. The obtained masterbatch (4) was mixed with ethylene acetic acid vinyl copolymer (100), 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane (2), triaryl isocyanurate (2) and gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (0.5), to obtain a composition. The obtained composition was extruded at 80 degrees C, to form sealing film having thickness of 1 mm. The obtained sealing film had excellent transparency, light transmittance and acid acceptance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The borohydride is sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, and/or lithium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The absorbent material is starch superabsorbent material and/or cellulose superabsorbent material. The starch super absorbent material comprises starch grafted acrylonitrile, starch grafted acrylic acid, starch grafted acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl acrylamide, sodium acrylate, methyl acrylamide, and/or maleic anhydride. The starch superabsorbent material is prepared by modified starch or derivate. The absorbent material is starch grafted styrene superabsorbent material, branched chain amylase hydrogel, formaldehyde modified starch grafted acrylonitrile polymer, epoxy chloropropane modified starch grafted acrylonitrile polymer, or glycidyl ether crosslinked starch grafted acrylonitrile polymer. The cellulose superabsorbent material is polypropylene absorbent resin material, hydroxyethyl cellulose superabsorbent material, carboxymethyl cellulose superabsorbent material, cellulose xanthic acid salt superabsorbent material, cellulose grafted polysuperabsorbent material, cellulose grafted acrylonitrile superabsorbent material, hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide superabsorbent material, and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose/ acrylamide/ silicon dioxide composite material. Preferred Method: Water is injected to the hydrogen storage material. The absorbent material absorbs part of the water and the solution after hydrolyzing the borohydride, and a gel material is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The absorbent material is starch ester grafted styrene super absorbent material, aquagel formed using pullulanase, formaldehyde modified starch grafted acrylonitrile copolymer, epoxy chloropropane modified starch grafted acrylonitrile copolymer and/or glycidyl ether crosslinked starch grafted acrylonitrile copolymer. The cellulose super absorbent material is polypropylene absorbent resin, hydroxyethyl cellulose super absorbent material, carboxymethyl cellulose super absorbent material, cellulose xanthate super absorbent material, cellulose grafted copolymer super absorbent material, cellulose grafted acrylonitrile super absorbent material, cellulose grafted acrylic acid super absorbent material, cellulose grafted acrylamide super absorbent material, hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide super absorbent material and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose-acrylamide-silicon dioxide composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The borane is sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, and/or lithium borohydride. The hydrate is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, and/or calcium hydroxide. Preferred Ratio: The weight ratio of borane, hydrate, hydrophilic material is 100:1-50:0.1-25 (preferably 100:10-35:2-15).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The hydrophilic material is starch line high hydrophilic material and/or fibrin line hydrophilic material. The starch line high hydrophilic material comprises starch grafting acrylonitrile, starch grafting acrylic acid, starch grafting acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methylacrylsulfoacid, amine acrylic acid, sodium acrylic acid, methacrylic acid amide, and/or maleic anhydride. The starch line high hydrophilic material is hydrophilic material made of modified starch and its derivative. The hydrophilic material comprises starch ester grafting styrene high hydrophilic material, aquagel made of pullulanase, formaldehyde modified starch grafting acrylonitrile copolymer, epoxy chloropropane modified starch grafting acrylonitrile copolymer, and/or glycidyl ether crosslink starch grafting acrylonitrile copolymer. The fibrin line hydrophilic material comprises polypropylene line hydrophilic resin material, hydroxyethyl cellulose high hydrophilic material, carboxymethyl cellulose high hydrophilic material, cellulose xanthogenate high hydrophilic material, cellulose grafting copolymer high hydrophilic material, cellulose grafting acrylonitrile high hydrophilic material, cellulose grafting acrylic acid high hydrophilic material, cellulose grafting acrylamide high hydrophilic material, hydroxyethyl cellulose grafting acrylamide high hydrophilic material, and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose/acrylamide/silicon dioxide composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electron capture mechanism is selected from conductive polymers, semi-conductive polymers, graphite-based materials, metal films and silicone-based materials (preferably polythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode contains active material of compositional formula: LiCoxNiyMnzO2, where x is greater than 0 to 0.5, y and z are 0 to less than 1, and sum of x, y and z is equal to 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal cation is selected from cerium, gadolinium, cobalt, aluminum, samarium, iron, magnesium, nickel, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, strontium, manganese, scandium and/or titanium. The ceramic oxide powder comprises metals selected from cerium, gadolinium, cobalt, aluminum, samarium, manganese, iron; magnesium, nickel, lanthanum, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, scandium and/or titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound has a carbonyl group or is monomeric compound. The organic compound is ethylene glycol, citric acid or acetylacetone. The suspension is an electrolytic suspension and the substrate is an anode. The solvent is selected from ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, terpineol and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The suspension is shaped on a substrate and the substrate is sintered simultaneously with the shaped suspension. The substrate is a membrane or an electrode for a fuel cell. The polymeric compound is selected from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and/or polyvinyl butyral. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive material layer is made of vanadium oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, silver oxide, zinc oxide, titanium nitride, titanium carbide and tungsten oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thin film base material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, silver, gold and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide thin film contains oxide of titanium, zinc, indium or tin. The raw material liquid contains metal oxide fine particles, metal salt, metal alkoxide or metal complex. The zinc oxide precursor solution contains monoethanol amine, diethanol amine and/or triethanol amine. Preferred Condition: The heating of raw material liquid is performed at 100-500 degrees C. The heating of zinc oxide precursor solution is performed at 170-230 degrees C. Preferred Component: The raw material liquid contains metallic component raw material which is dissolved or hydrolyzed in a medium chosen from water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and 2-methoxy ethanol. The metal salt or compound in metallic compound raw material is fluorine, aluminum, gallium, niobium, indium, antimony or tantalum. The substrate is ceramics, metal, resin or glass having heat resistance of 300 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic oxide is silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and/or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The foaming weather resistance base material further contains poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The desulfurization method is alternately performed by passing fuel gas to layer containing active iron oxide, reducing sulfur compound by supplying hydrogen and passing to layer containing active iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode active material is single unit of silicon (Si), alloy or compound and/or single unit of tin (Sn), alloy or compound.The electrolyte solution comprises solvent containing cyclic carbonate with halogen of formula (1), electrolytic salt containing lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), sulfone compounds of one or more of 5 compounds, e.g. group of formulae (3), (5) or R51-S(O)2-R52 (6) with -S(O)2-O- or -S(O)2- bonding.The cyclic carbonate with halogen is 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one and/or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one.R1-R4 = alkyl or group by which hydrogen is substituted with halo;R21-R24, R41-R46 = alkyl, allyl, aryl, heterocyclic group, aralkyl, alkoxy alkyl or group by which hydrogen is substituted with halo;R51, R52 = at least 6C alkyl, 2-4C alkenyl, 6-14C aryl or -CH=CH-R; andR = at least 4C alkyl or group by which hydrogen is substituted with halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is polyimide, polyamide and/or polyamidoimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode is formed by a metal such as aluminum, titanium, tungsten, silver or gold. The p-type semiconductor layer comprises nickel (II) oxide (NiO) or titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron-donating organic material comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7I-dimethyl-octyloxy))-p-phenylene vinylene (MDMO-PPV), poly(2,7-(9-(2'-ethylhexyl)-9-hexyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4I,7I-di-2-thienyl-2I,r,3I-benzothiadiazole)) (PFDTBT), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4Hcyclopenta(2,l-b;3,4-6')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,l,3-benzothiadiazole)) (PCPDTBT), or poly(pphenyleneethynylene)-(pphenyleneethynylene)-alt-poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) (PPE-PPV). The electron-accepting organic material comprises (6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transitional metal precursor is a metal salt, the metal is iron, nickel or cobalt, and the salt is nitrate, sulfate, chloride, ammonium or hydrated salt. The transitional metal precursor is used in a molar ratio of 0.3-3. The silica particles: have size of 20 nm to 1 mu m; and are used in a molar ratio of 0.25-2 relative to one mole of sucrose. Preferred Process: The hydrothermal treatment is conducted at 150-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of sucrose is 3-20 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Silica particles (5 g) with a size of 100 nm were uniformly dispersed in a solution prepared by mixing iron nitrate (9 g) and sucrose (10 g) in distilled water (150 ml). Hydrothermal treatment was conducted by stirring the dispersion in an autoclave at 190 degrees C for 9 hours. The products were filtered, dried at 120 degrees C for 12 hours and thermally treated at 1000 degrees C under a nitrogen condition for 3 hours (carbonization). The carbonized material contained silica particles and iron component, and was washed by the treatment of a solution (3 M) containing fluoric acid or sodium hydroxide for 12 hours, followed by filtration and drying at 80 degrees C to give a crystalline and porous graphite carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Powder: The carbon powder is chosen from acetylene black powder, vulcan carbon powder, activated carbon powder, black pearl powder and Ketjen black powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, o-xylene, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetic acid, triethylamine, trichloroethylene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, tert-butyl alcohol, pyridine, nitromethane, 2-methyl-2-propyl alcohol, isopropyl ether, ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetamide, 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane, ether, diethylamine, dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, butyl ether, cyclohexane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon bisulphide, bromobenzene, benzene, anisole, acetonitrile, acetone, acetic acid, ethylene glycol, acetic acid, butyl alcohol, hexane and heptane. Preferred Compounds: The fluoro surfactant is sulfonic acid-containing anionic fluoro surfactant, sulfonate-containing anionic fluoro surfactant, perfluoroalkyloxyethyl ether alcohol non-ionic fluoro surfactant, or diol-type fluoro surfactant. The fluoro surfactant is of formula: RfOC6H4SO3H, RfOC6H4SO3Li, RfOC6H4SO3Na, RfOC6H4SO3K, RfO(CF2CFCF3O)nCF2CF2SO3H, RfO(CF2CFCF3O)nCF2CF2SO3Li, RfO(CF2CFCF3O)nCF2CF2SO3Na, RfO(CF2CFCF3O)nCF2CF2SO3K, Rf(CH2CH2O)nH or CnF2n+1CH2O(CH2CH2O)mH.m,n=not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The preparation method of the polymer electrolytic material comprises adding polysiloxane with dosage being 0.5-50 wt.% of polymer in aqueous polyurethane water dispersion solution, and directly dissolving conductive salt with dosage being 5-50 wt.% of polymer in mixed solution, molding with PTFE die capable of controlling film thickness to obtain aqueous polyurethane/polysiloxane solid polymer electrolytic film; or adding polysiloxane with dosage being 0.5-50 wt.% of polymer in aqueous polyurethane water dispersion solution to form film on PTFE die directly, adsorbing electrolytic solution with the obtained thin-film to obtain aqueous polyurethane/polysiloxane gel polymer electrolytic film with liquid adsorption rate being 5-260%. Preferred Process: The composition and proportion of aqueous polyurethane, polysiloxane with conductive slat or electrolytic solution are adjusted to form full solid or gel polymer electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Pigment: The heat absorption layer contains black pigment. Preferred Component: A heat insulation piping (1) has a piping component (2) surface which is covered with the heat insulating material which is arranged at tubular concentric form, and air space formed of rib shape of resin foaming layer formed in position which slipped to the circumferential direction of the pipe. Preferred Properties: The resin foaming layer has a rib shape. The reflector layer has infrared reflectance of 90% or more. EXAMPLE - Polyethylene (50 weight%), ethylene propylene diene copolymer rubber (40 weight%), mineral oil (10 weight%), sodium bicarbonate (0.5 weight parts), thermally expanded particles (6 weight parts) having average particle diameter of 25 mu m, polytetrafluoroethylene (2.5 weight parts) and ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer (15 weight parts) were extruded with metal mold, and reversed. A black pigment coating was carried out to inner surface by spray and outer surface was covered with cross-linked polyethylene. The outer surface was wound on aluminum tape to obtain heat insulation pipe having excellent heat insulation property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol copolymer. The polymer derivative is polyvinyl acetal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The flat and rectangular type secondary battery is non-aqueous lithium ion secondary battery comprising positive electrode (30), separator, and negative electrode (31) having current collector which is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and active material containing lithium titanate oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nonflammable insulating solvent comprises carbon tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonflammable insulating solvent comprises diisopropyl naphthalene, 1-phenyl-1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane, liquid cellulose or ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is olefin-based heat fusible resin, ester-based heat fusible resin or urethane-based heat fusible resin. Preferred Parameter: The thermoplastic resin film has thickness of 100-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The modifier has a front chamber for accommodating alumina ball of predetermined size, and a catalyst chamber for accommodating catalyst. Ammonia from storage container is supplied to catalyst chamber through front chamber. The ammonia removal device is a bubbling water tank, which removes ammonia by dissolving reformed gas in water. The hydrogen generator further has evaporator, press pump connected to evaporator, and a vaporizer. The evaporator carries out heating of ammonia discharged from ammonia removal device. The press pump carries out compression liquefaction of ammonia. The vaporizer vaporizes ammonia of storage container by heat exchange with reformed gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ionic polymer(s) is perfluorosulfonic acid polymer or sulfonated hydrocarbon polymer. The sulfonated hydrocarbon polymer is sulfonated polyarylene ether, sulfonated polyarylene ether etherketone, sulfonated polyarylene ether ethersulfone, sulfonated polyazole, sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol, sulfonated polyphenylene oxide, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide, sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polycarbonate, sulfonated polystyrene, sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated polyamide, sulfonated polyquinoxaline, sulfonated polyphosphazene or sulfonated polybenzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase change material is sodium sulfate decahydrate/ammonium chloride/potassium chloride; calcium chloride/calcium bromide/hexahydrate/potassium bromide; calcium chloride/calcium bromide/hexahydrate/sodium sulfate decahydrate/sodium chloride; calcium chloride/hexahydrate; sodium sulfate decahydrate; calcium bromide hexahydrate; thiosulfate heptahydrate; magnesium chloride/magnesium nitrate hexahydrate; sodium phosphate decahydrate; magnesium nitrate hexahydrate; ammonium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate; and magnesium chloride hexahydrate. The article has first temperature of 25-75, preferably 40-60 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase change material is neopentyl glycol; paraffin wax; sodium methyl carbonate trihydrate; polyethylene; tetradecane; pentadecane; hexadecane; heptadecane; octadecane; nonadecane; eicosane; heneicosane; docosane; tricosane; tetracosane; pentacosane; hexacosane; heptacosane; octacosane; nonacosane; triacontane; and micro-encapsulated long straight-chain paraffinic hydrocarbons of formula CnH2n+2, where n is 10-30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The phase change material is polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric electrolyte is obtained from polymerizable compound and polymerization initiator. The polymerizable compound is polyfunctional acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate, poly divinyl ether ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, ethylene free call diacrylate, ethylene glycol divinyl ether hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycoldiarylate, tetraethylene glycol monoacrylate and/or caprolactoneacrylate. The polymerization initiator is organic peroxide and/or azo-based compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The membrane electrode assembly has cathode, anode and electrolytic membrane between anode and cathode. The cathode has catalyst layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide (A) comprises metallic element chosen from niobium, titanium, tantalum and zirconium, preferably niobium or titanium. The metallic compound (B) is metal oxide such as rutile type titanium oxide, niobium dioxide, and rhombic, monoclinic crystal or cyclic crystal of niobium pentoxide, or dititanium trioxide. The metal oxide electrode catalyst is powder having Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 0.1-100 m2/g. The catalyst layer contains metal oxide electrode catalyst and electroconductive particles. Preferred Property: The Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of metal oxide electrode catalyst is larger than Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of powder of metallic compound (B). EXAMPLE - Niobium dioxide powder (in g) (5) was added into a crucible made of alumina, and heated at 1000 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere, to obtain metal oxide electrode catalyst having high oxygen reduction ability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The hole diameter of needed porous ceramics is 5-100 mu m and hole intensity is 1x 104-1x 10 6/cm2. The hole diameter of the selected porous plate is 3-98 mu m and hole intensity is 1x 104-1x 106/cm2. Preferred Method: The needed hole arrangement style is one dimension location arrangement, the directions of the temperature gradient and the electrostatic field are coincident, the temperature gradient is 0.1-10 degrees C/cm, and electric field intensity is 0.1-10 kV/m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polar solution is water or sodium chloride solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polar solution is methanamide, methyl cyanide, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, or isopropyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The porous plate material is PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyethylene, or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer contains mixture of titania and niobium, mixture of indium trioxide and tin, indium trioxide, tin dioxide, mixture of tin dioxide and fluorine, mixture of tin dioxide and antimony, zinc oxide, mixture of zinc oxide and gallium, mixture of zinc oxide and aluminum, or mixture of zinc oxide and boron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The film has polyolefin layer laminated on both sides. Preferred Property: The polyolefin has peak top melting point (Tm) at the side of highest temperature in differential-scanning-calorimetry melting curve of 125 degrees C or more and degree of crystallinity of 55% or more at 120 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Linear low-density polyethylene (KF271) (in mass parts) (90), Admer XE070 (RTM: maleic acid anhydride modified ethylene polymer) (10), molecular sieve (60) having particle diameter (D99) of 9.9 mu m and particle diameter (D50) of 2.5 mu m, LBT-77 (RTM: polyethylene wax) (1) and calcium stearate (3) were blended, to obtain water-absorptive composition. The obtained composition was pelletized and formed to a film having thickness of 50 mu m. The obtained film had excellent external appearance, stability, heat resistance and hygroscopic property, and was free from defects.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The washing liquid in the washing pool (1) is acid or water. The solid alkali removing device (4) comprises porous supporting layer (6) which carries alkali removing agent. The alkali removing agent is molecular sieve, absorbent cotton, poly(sodium acrylate), polyacrylamide, active carbon, allochroic silicagel, and/or iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O). The molecular sieve is 3A molecular sieve, 5A molecular sieve, 4A molecular sieve, 13X HP molecular sieve, 13X PG molecular sieve, 13X APG molecular sieve, and/or XH-5 molecular sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Moiety: The central moiety comprises fused aromatic rings, and is free of metal. The cyclic group(s) comprises sulfoxide group. The central moiety comprises 3 or more fused rings, each comprising 6 carbon atoms, and 4 or more heterocyclic rings, each fused to one of fused rings and comprising a sulfur atom. Preferred Material: The liquid crystal material further contains an amount of a photoactive binder distributed and electrically communicated with liquid crystal units. The binder comprises a polythiophene compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element further comprises plastic film having transparent conductive layer as support for photoelectrode layer. The plastic film is a polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer is made of the resin material that is selected from translucent resins such as Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), silicone resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins and polysilazane materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tip of the holding device is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The shank comprises nickel, the substrate comprises perforated nickel plated steel, and terminal portion comprises iron-copper material such as sintered iron material in which copper is dispersed. The active material is paste of hydride alloy (AB'5, where A is lanthanum, cerium, titanium or Misch metal, and B'is nickel, cobalt, manganese or aluminum).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic is polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, polypropylene and/or polyphenylene sulfide. The side component comprises a layered structure of plastic, plastic film, adhesive, aluminum and plastic film-forming permeable barrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal marrow board is made by aluminum alloy, copper alloy, tin, nickel or silver. The fuel metal cathode is selected from zinc, aluminum or magnesium. The cathode metal film has aluminum, tin, silver, nickel, copper, copper alloy or aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The composition is mixed with conductive material, polyurethane resin, urethane rubber, ethylene propylene diene, M-class rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, fluorine resin, Teflon (RTM: Fluoropolymer), silver, nickel, activated charcoal or graphite. The sponge is prepared by using poly vinyl alcohol resin, phenol resin, cellulose-based compound or cotton. The gelling agent is selected from cellulose, polyacrylic acid, acrylamide, starch, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin or Carbopol (RTM: Acrylic acid polymers).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises platinum catalyst particles, an alcohol or low boiling point hydrocarbon and electrically conductive substrate particles. In (I), at least a portion of the platinum catalyst particles comprise carbon-supported platinum or platinum alloy particles. (I) comprises a mixture comprising platinum particles and metal nanoparticles. Preferred Components: The substrate particles comprise one or more of graphite, carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers. The electron-conducting support comprises one or more of carbon paper, carbon fibers (104) and carbon fabric. The metal comprises one or more of the metals in groups 3-16, lanthanides, and their alloys, preferably palladium, chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, silver and their alloys. In (I), a substantial portion of the nanoparticles are less than 500 nm. Preferred Method: The metal nanoparticles are prepared by a vapor condensation process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion conducting polymer comprises a proton-conducting perfluorinated ionomer resin. EXAMPLE - Platinum/carbon (200 mg) and palladium nanoparticles (50 mg) were blended on a vortex mixer with deionized water (1 ml), until the powders were fully wetted. To this mixture, Nafion (RTM: Perfluorinated ionomer resin) solution (5 wt.%) in lower alcohols and isopropyl alcohol (4 ml) were added. The mixture was blended on a vortex mixer for an additional 30 seconds, followed by at least one hour sonication in an ice bath to give the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In the mixture (M1) the weight ratio of compound (I) to compound (II) is from 2:1 to 1:4. The mixture (M1) comprises light stabilizers, acid scavengers and/or antistatic agents as further additives. In the composition (C1) the mixture (M1) is present in an amount of 0.001-5%, based on the weight of the polypropylene-based thermoplastic polymer. The composition (C1) comprising besides the polypropylene-based thermoplastic polymer and the mixture (M1) further additives. The composition (C2) comprises the thermoplastic material (10-80 wt.%). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound is specifically claimed as (III), i.e. vitamin E.    EXAMPLE - Stabilizer composition (test) comprising (wt.%) Irganox 1010(RTM: aromatic hydroxybenzyl antioxidant) (31.3), Irgafos 168(RTM: phosphite ester as secondary antioxidant) (62.7), and Irganox E 201(RTM: vitamin C) (6) was prepared. Stabilizer composition (comparative) comprising (wt.%) Irganox 1010 (50), and Irgafos 168 (50) was prepared. Unstabilized polypropylene homopolymer (PP) powder (3 kg) was dry-blended with calcium stearate (0.02%), DHT 4A(RTM: hydrotalicites acid scavenger) (magnesium aluminum hydroxy carbonate hydrate) and the compositions (test/comparative) (0.15%). This blend was then extruded at 230 degrees C. The extrudate was then cooled and granulated. This granulate was repeatedly extruded at 260 degrees C. After the first, third and fifth extrusion pass, the melt flow index (MFI) and Yellowness Index (YI) was measured. Result showed that for test/comparative the MFI was 3.12/3.53, 3.47/4.31 and 3.82/5.24; and YI was 4.04/3.77, 4.23/4.08, and 4.4/4.38 after first, third and fifth extrusion pass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner protective cover is formed from a plastic foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulating layer is formed of silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The current collection electrode is formed of metal such as titanium, tantalum and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is formed of UV curable resin or thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent plate can be a combination or mixture of plastics using plain or modified polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, styrene acrylonitrile, plain or glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate, PVC, transparent polyolefin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or blends of different thermoplastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin particles are thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin or photoresist. The thermoplastic resin is polycarbonate resin, Hi-milan (RTM: resin), or methacrylate-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent glucose dehydrogenase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The photo-curable resin is water-soluble photo-curable resin. The thermosetting resin is water-soluble thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionic compound (B) of electrolyte polymer layer further contains conductive polymers (b-2), (b-3) and (b-4) having chain structure different from main chain structure of conductive polymer (A). The conductive polymer (A) is chosen from polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene. The electrolyte polymer layer further contains 10-300 weight parts of thermoplastic resin with respect to 100 weight parts of conductive polymer (A), and fullerene compound. The transparent substrate and counter electrode substrate are polymeric transparent substrates chosen from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polysulfone, polyether-sulfone (PES) and polycyclo olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-reactive support screen or non-reactive support material comprises stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-reactive support screen or non-reactive support material comprises polyprolylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The gelation time after adding granular form carboxyl group-containing polymer particles and aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is 60 minutes or less. Preferred Process: The water and/or polar organic solvent of carboxyl group-containing polymer particles are absorbed. The carboxyl group-containing polymer particles are aggregated, dried, and pulverized to obtain granular form carboxyl group-containing polymer particles. Preferred Composition: The carboxyl group-containing polymer particles contains ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid as monomer component. The carboxyl group-containing polymer particles dissolve ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid. The carboxyl group-containing polymer particles are obtained by polymerizing ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid in inert solvent which does not dissolve carboxylic group-containing polymer. EXAMPLE - Acrylic acid (in g) (45), pentaerythritol allylether (0.24), ( alpha ),( alpha')-azobisisobutyronitrile (0.153) and hexane (150) were added and heated at 50-65 degrees C for 4 hours under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain reaction mixture. The obtained reaction mixture for heated at 90 degrees C, distilled, dried to obtain cross-linked type carboxylic group-containing polymer particles (41). Then, potassium hydroxide was added, heated at 30 degrees C, and dried at 80 degrees C for 2 hours to obtain gelatinizer (38). The gelatinizer had high cell density. The battery containing gelatinizer had excellent battery performance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium salt is lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro borate, lithium hexafluoro antimonate, lithium hexafluoro arsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium iodide, lithium chloride, lithium aluminum tetrachloride, lithium aluminate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, lithium trifluoromethane sulfinyl amide, lithium pentafluoro ethane sulfinyl amide, lithium nonafluoro butane sulfonic acid, lithium trifluoromethane sulfinyl methane and/or lithium trifluoromethane sulfonyl amide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent is carbonate, ester, ether and ketone. The non aqueous organic solvent is a mixed solvent of aromatic hydrocarbon-type organic solvent and carbonate-type solvent. The carbonate-type solvent is linear carbonate or cyclic carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate or 2,3-pentylene carbonate. The linear carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate or ethyl propyl carbonate. The aromatic hydrocarbon-type organic solvent is of formula (1), preferably benzene, fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, toluene, xylene and/or mesitylene.R=halogen or 1-10C alkyl;andq=0-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from lithium aluminum chloride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium antimony-fluoride, lithium perchlorate, lithium gallium trichloride, lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone imide) or lithium hexafluorophosphate. The lithium thionyl chloride battery is selected from lithium thiocyanate, ethane sulfonate, lithium penta fluoro benzene sulfonate, lithium superoxide, lithium trifluoroacetate or lithium fluorosulfate. The anode is lithium metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compound: The anode is preferably selected from lithium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The cathode is preferably selected from Ketjen black or acetylene black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The cathode is selected from poly tetra fluoroethylene binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium iodide, lithium chloride, lithium salt having formula, lithium aluminates, lithium aluminum tetrachloride, lithium antimony hexafluoride or lithium salt having nitrogen, carbon, fluorine, sulfur and oxygen. The negative electrode is selected from one or more active materials, which are coated with crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, carbon complex, carbon fiber, lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate. The aromatic hydrocarbon compound is selected from benzene, fluorobenzene, bromobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, fluoro toluene, trifluorotoluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat collecting layer is made of aluminum foil and the capillary tissue is a metal woven mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protecting layer is made of a transparent plastic material and the soft support body is made of canvas, plastic cloth or rubber cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The battery is a nickel-cadmium rechargeable battery or lithium-ion rechargeable battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar collector comprises selenium metal photoelectric element, silicon semiconductor photoelectric element, amorphous silicon photoelectric element, amorphous-microcrystalline silicon stacked photoelectric element, crystalline silicon photoelectric element, polycrystalline silicon photoelectric element, copper indium selenide photoelectric element or compound semiconductor photoelectric element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The casing comprises metal casing, ceramic casing, plastic casing and/or composite casing. The metal casing comprises magnesium casing, aluminum casing, steel casing or stainless steel casing. The plastic casing comprises polycarbonate casing, polyurethane casing, polyethylene casing, polyvinyl chloride casing or polymer blends. The composite casing comprises graphite fiber composite casing, fiberglass casing, composite metal or plastic casing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Group: The high molecular weight polymer contains pyrrolidine-containing repeating unit of formula (1) and/or pyrrole-containing repeating unit of formula (2).R1,R2=H or 1-4C alkyl;n/(n+m+p)=0.2-0.99;m/(n+m+p)=0-0.8;andp/(n+m+p)=0.01-0.8. EXAMPLE - Pyrrole polymer of formula (3) (10 mass parts) was dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone (30), polyvinylidene fluoride (100) and electroconductive material (60), and coated on single surface of positive electrode to form positive electrode plate. Lithium-phosphorus hexafluoride (LiPF6) was dissolved in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate to form non-aqueous electrolyte. The obtained positive electrode plate and lithium foil as negative electrode were overlapped, and dripped in obtained electrolyte to form secondary battery.    n:m:p=60:15:25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The diameter of opening portion of three-dimensional structural component is 1 mu m or more. The height of surface of porous membrane to three-dimensional structural component is 1 mu m or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The unsaturated bond portion is phenyl, aldehyde, aromatic aldehyde, pyridine, thiourea or azo compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer structure portion is molecular structure of polyethylene oxide, polyacryl amide, urea or formalin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode material is nickel oxide, zirconium oxide, cesium oxide, and copper oxide. The electrolyte is stabilized cesium oxide, lanthanum gallate, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide or stabilized zirconium oxide. The cathode material is lanthanum strontium manganite, lanthanum strontium ferrite, lanthanum calcium manganite, lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite and/or lanthanum strontium iron cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The retention agent is polyvinylamine, polyacrylamine, polyamidamine, aluminum sulfate and bentonite. The additive is starch, latex and/or polyvinyl alcohol. The binding agent is latex e.g. acrylo-nitrile latex, starch and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermosetting resin is made of urea, melamine and furan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin layer is made of a thermosetting resin and the thermosetting resin is made of phenol, xylene, polypropylene, alkyd, polyester, epoxy, polycarbonate, acrylo butadiene styrene, vinyl ester and polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate. The polymer is opaque, and is chosen polyether ether ketone and liquid crystal polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semiconductor electrode layer comprises titanium oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, niobium oxide, or zinc oxide. Preferred Method: The further comprises after formation of semiconductor material layer, forming through-hole(s) in each of the semiconductor particles by using rapid thermal annealing process(es) at 450-700 degrees C, a rapid drying process, a supersonic treatment process, and a physical pressing process where the through-holes have diameters greater than dye molecules forming the dye layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dye layer is ruthenium complex(es) including bis tetrabutylammonium salt of cis-diisothio-cyanato-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate) ruthenium(II) (N719), cis-di(thiocyanato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4-carboxylate-4'-carboxylic acid)-ruthenium(II) (N712), cis-bis(isothiocyanato)(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato) (2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-di-nonyl) ruthenium(II) (Z907), cis-dithiocyanato-(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)-(4,4'-bis(3-methoxystyryl)-2,2'bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II) (Z910), or (4-(4-(dichloromethylsilanyl)-butyl)-4-methyl-2,2-bipyridyl)bis(2,2-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (K19).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary cross-linkable resin and/or secondary cross-linkable resin contain ethylene acetic acid vinyl copolymer and acid receiving agent, preferably magnesium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layer: The organic photoelectric transducer further consists of organic layer (II) containing an electron donor or an electron-accepting compound, adjoining layer (I). The organic layers are provided between a pair of transparent or semi-transparent electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The electron-accepting compound is a fullerene derivative. EXAMPLE - Bis((1,3,2)dioxaborolane)9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene (in g) (0.53), methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride (0.17), and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (1.7 mg) were taken in a reactor, and argon-substitution was carried out. 16.7 Wt.% sodium-carbonate aqueous solution (6 ml) was dripped at 60-80 degrees C, and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 0.5 hours. During reaction, deaerated toluene (32) was added. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. A mixed solution obtained by dissolving phenylboric acid (0.07) in tetrahydrofuran (0.5 ml) was added, and the reaction mixture was heat-refluxed. After reaction completion, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature vicinity, and toluene (17) was added. The reaction solution was liquid-separated and toluene solution was collected. The precipitate was dried under reduced pressure and again dissolved in toluene. After filtering the toluene solution, the precipitate was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a polymer (0.42) of formula (A) having a weight average molecular weight of 1.7x 104 and a number average molecular weight of 9.8x 103 by polystyrene conversion. An organic photoelectric transducer obtained using the polymer had excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin consists of any one of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, silicon resin, polyamide resin, polyethylene-ethylenic copolymer, polyimide resin, sulfone polymer, vinyl polymer, vinyl copolymer, fluoro-resin, polyvinylidine fluoride, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacetal, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution contains 0.01-100 mass% phenol resin with respect to titanium oxynitride precursor. Preferred Process: The titanium oxynitride precursor is obtained by mutually combining titanium tetra-alkoxide and nitrogen-containing ligand. Preferred Components: The compound containing nitrogen-containing ligand is urea, amino alcohol, pyridine, and/or triazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of depositing comprises spin-coating, roller-coating, or spray-coating. The curing comprises exposing the coating layer to UV radiation for 5-120 seconds. Preferred Components: The low-index silicon based coating is an antireflection coating provided on the glass substrate, which comprises at least a layer provided directly on and contacting the glass substrate. The silica sol comprises a silane, which comprises (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. The silica precursor further comprises an antifoaming additive, and a solvent comprising an alcohol. The photoinitiator is present at 0.1-10 wt.%. The silicon dioxide is present at 0.1-10 wt.%. The radiation curable composition comprises a UV-curable epoxy and/or a UV-curable acrylate. The low-index coating has: a thickness of 500-4000 A degrees after firing in the oven; and a refractive index of less than 1.32 (preferably 1.25) at 550 nm. EXAMPLE - A mixture of UV curable epoxy monomer Cyracure UVR-6107 (RTM: Cycloaliphatic epoxide resin) and a cationic Cyracure UVI-6992 (RTM: Cycloaliphatic epoxide) photoinitiator was prepared by combining resin (96 gm) with initiator (4 gm). To this mixture (15.65 gm), (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (0.5 gm) and dispersion colloidal silica in methylethyl ketone (0.7 gm) were added to form a stable silica precursor formulation. The resulting viscous formulation was particularly suitable for roller coating process to produce coatings on large substrates. This coating formulation was applied within minutes after preparation to soda lime glass substrates by spin coating method to produce coatings of varying thickness. Coatings were cured at room temperature by exposure to UV radiation for about 30-40 seconds, and then fired at 625 degrees C for 5 minutes to form silica coatings.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell apparatus includes gas permeable liquid proof membrane, fuel transporting piping, switch button, detector, and control unit. The circulating piping has second opening. The gas permeable liquid proof membrane covers the second opening. The pressing unit supplies first pressure to the cartridge. The fluid in the circulating piping supplies a second pressure to the valve when the pump is turned on. The fluid in the circulating piping supplies a third pressure to the valve when the pump is turned off. The first pressure is greater than the third pressure but less than the second pressure. The switch button is connected to the pressing unit. The pressing unit presses the cartridge when the switch button is turned on. The pressing unit does not press the cartridge when the switch button is turned off. The valve is an active or passive valve. The pressing unit is spring, rubber, or spring leaf. The control unit is electrically connected to the pump for controlling the pump to be turned off or on. The detector is electrically connected to the control unit. The control unit controls the pump to be turned on or off on the basis of detection result of the detector. The detector is concentration or current detector. The cartridge is connected to the sidewall of the first opening through the fuel transportation piping.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic particle is silica, titanium dioxide, alumina, zirconia, tin oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide or lead zirconate titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The material required for formation and recovery of the solid electrolyte interphase layer is selected from vinylene carbonate, vinylene ethylene carbonate, fluoro-ethylene carbonate, succinic anhydride, lactide, caprolactam, ethylene sulfite, propane sultone, propene sultone, vinyl sulfone, or halogen substituent. The electrolyte for suppressing side reaction is selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetramethylethylene diamine, pyridine, dipyridyl, diphenyl phosphine, butyronitrile, succinonitrile, iodine or ammonium halogenate. The material for improving thermal stability of the battery is selected from hexamethyldisiloxane, hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene, hexamethyl phosphoramide, cyclohexyl benzene, biphenyl or dimethylpyrrole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amide solvent is selected from N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide or dimethylimidazolidinone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin based material is comprised of polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A slurry is used in coating on the nickel sheet is made of thickening agent (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), binder (poly(tetrafluoroethylene)) and additive binder (503H).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is selected from lanthanum or strontium manganese oxide, lanthanum or strontium chromium oxide, lanthanum or strontium cobalt oxide, oxide of lanthanum, strontium, cobalt, iron, oxide of barium, strontium, cobalt, iron, lanthanum nickel oxide, samarium strontium cobalt oxide, calcium oxide, tin oxide, ruthenium oxide, iron oxide, gadolinium oxide, samarium oxide, arsenic pentoxide or antimony pentoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium transition metal oxide is selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium dimanganese tetraoxide or formula (I). The active material of cathode is carbon, lithium or alloy. The lithium salt is selected from lithium perchlorate, compound having lithium, carbon, fluorene, sulfur and oxygen (LiCF3SO3), lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate or compound having lithium, nitrogen, carbon, fluorene, sulfur and oxygen (LiN(CF3SO2)2). The electrolyte compound includes straight-chain carbonate, which is selected from cyclic carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is selected from diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and methylpropyl carbonate. The methylpropyl carbonate consists of ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate or ~g-butyrolactone. LiNi1-xCoxO2 (I)x=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte includes cyclohexylbenzene, isopropylbenzene or tert.-butylbenzene. The conductive polymer monomer is biphenyl, 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexane, 0.5-5 wt.% of electrolyte or benzofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte includes non-conductive monomer or conductive polymer monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoro polymer is selected from polyvinylfluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidenefluoride, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy vinylether copolymer or perfluoro-ethylene-propylene. The film between the polyamide film and the fluorine polymer layer is polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate. The embedding material is selected from ethyl vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, monomer, polymethyl metacrylate, polyurethane, polyester or silicone elastomer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The silane coupling agent is epoxy-type coupling agent, amino group-type coupling agent, imidazole-type coupling agent and vinyl-type coupling agent. Preferred Process: The chromating process is carried out using chromate dichromate and chrome oxide salt. Preferred Properties: The concentration of silane coupling agent is 0.001-10%. The silane coupling agent is coated on surface of copper foil to a thickness of 0.0001-20 mu m. The chromating process is carried out on the surface of copper foil to a thickness of 0.0001-1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The titania thin film includes titania ethoxide and isopropanol. The top of the substrate is made of indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The former porous oxidized film is formed in a chromic acid and phosphoric acid solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar chip is made of gallium arsenide/ germanium (GaAs/Ge) single junction and indium gallium phosphorus/ gallium arsenide/ germanium (InGaP/GaAs/Ge) multiple junctions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid used in the preparation of TiO2 crystal sizing agent is nitric acid or acetic acid. The organic titanium salt used in sizing agent preparation is tetraisopropyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride or tetrabutyl titanate. The film former used in the preparation of the sizing agent is polyethylene glycol or ethyl cellulose. The scatter solvent is terpineol or 2-ethyl hexanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The gas barrier film further has overcoat layer formed on the upper layer of the inorganic oxide layer. Preferred Composition: Alternately, the organic compound layer contains fluorine resin instead of fluorochemical surfactant (5-500 weight parts). The overcoat layer contains resin containing (meth)acryl group having functionality more than 2, and metal alkoxide of formula: R1-M-OR2.R1,R2=1-8C organic group;andM=metal atom.Preferred Property: The organic compound layer has film thickness of 10 nm to 20 mu m. The inorganic oxide layer has film thickness of 10-1000 nm. Preferred Process: The inorganic oxide layer is formed by physical vapor deposition method or chemical vapor deposition method. EXAMPLE - DPE-6A (RTM: acryl, monomer) (in weight parts) (400), BYK-340 (RTM: fluorochemical surfactant) (0.4), methyl isobutyl ketone (600) and Irgacure 184 (RTM: photoinitiator) (20) were mixed, to form a coating liquid. The obtained coating liquid was coated on A4100 (RTM: polyethylene-terephthalate film base material having thickness of 50 mu m), cured the film by bar-coat method and irradiated with metal halide lamp, to form organic compound layer. Then, silicon-oxide material was evaporated using electron-beam heating and cured, to form gas barrier film having water permeable rate of 0.5 g/m2.day and total light transmittance of 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The proton-conductive group is acidic group containing sulfur and/or phosphorus, preferably sulfo group and/or phosphonic group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The reaction mixture is subjected to ultrasonic irradiation before mixing. EXAMPLE - Poly-2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-benimidazole (20 mg) was added to dimethyl sulfoxide (10 ml) and dissolved. To the mixture, single-walled carbon nanotubes (0.2 mg) was added, ultrasonic wave was irradiated for 10 minutes and mixed to obtain dispersion solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): A fluorene-containing compound of formula: Y1-Ar1-Y2 and thiophene-containing compound of formula: Y3-Ar2-Y4 are subjected to condensation polymerization to obtain polymer.Ar1=fluorene derivative-containing structure of formula (1);Ar2=thiophene-containing structure of formula (2);andY1-Y4=halogen, alkylsulfo, arylsulfo, arylalkyl sulfo, borate residue, sulfonium methyl, phosphonium methyl, phosphonate methyl, monohalo methyl, boric acid residue, formyl, cyano and vinyl.Preferred Components: The repeating unit is thiophene-containing repeating unit of formula (X). An organic photoelectric transducer comprises organic layer (A) having polymer and electron accepting compound, provided between transparent electrode and semi-transparent electrode, and organic layer (B) having electron donor. Preferred Definitions:    R=H.    EXAMPLE - Fluorene derivative (in g) (0.693) of formula (I), thiophene-containing compound (0.501) of formula (II), thiophene-containing compound (0.101) of formula (III), methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride (0.15) and dichloro bis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium(II) (1.9 mg) were mixed, and sodium carbonate aqueous solution was added to the resulting mixture, precipitated, filtered and dried to obtain polymer having number average molecular weight of 4.7x 103, and weight average molecular weight of 8.2x 103.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The substrate comprises an electrically conductive metal from stainless steel, aluminum, and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive comprises carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and/or silver-coated copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer comprises epoxy resin, phenolic resin, furan resin, vinyl ester, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyaniline, and/or polypyrrole. Electrically conductive additive (250) is mixed with the polymer in the composite layer and electrically connected to the carbon nanotube layer. The conductive additive comprises 30-60 wt.% and the polymer comprises 40-70 wt.% with respect to a total mixture of the mixture of additive and the polymer. Preferred Property: The polymer comprises a material exhibiting thermal resistance to temperatures from 10-200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The infrared energy reflective layer contains a metal layer or a Fabry-Perot type interference filter layer. The rigid sheets are glass sheets.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aldehyde is n-butyl aldehyde.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acoustic poly(vinyl acetal) composition comprises a poly(vinyl acetal). The poly(vinyl acetal) is obtained by acetalizing poly(vinyl alcohol) with aldehyde(s) having 6-10C, preferably 4-6C. The acoustic poly(vinyl acetal) composition further comprises a plasticizer. The acoustic poly(vinyl acetal) composition comprises a poly(vinyl acetal) having acetoxy group (8-30 mole%), based on total number of moles of vinyl groups in poly(vinyl acetal). The poly(vinyl acetal) is a poly(vinyl butyral). The polymeric sheet (B) comprises a acoustic poly(vinyl acetal) composition having glass transition temperature of 23 degrees C or less. The polymeric sheet (B) comprises a poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). The polymeric film contains a polyester, or poly(ethylene terephthalate). Preferred Properties: The poly(vinyl acetal) has acetalization degree of 50 mole% or more. The acoustic poly(vinyl acetal) sheet has thickness of 0.25 mm or more, preferably 0.38-1.74 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvents: The organic solvent is selected from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform or alkyl carbonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer is selected from polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The chain polymer is selected from polyester, polysiloxane, polyether, polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: 10 parts by weight of trimethoxyboroxine is added to the non-aqueous organic solvent. The ether-based solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or dibutyl ether. The carbonate type solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate or 2,3-pentylene carbonate. The cyclic carbonate system organic solvents are selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate or ethylpropyl carbonate. The ester solvent is selected from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -carprolactone, delta -valerolactone or epsilon -carprolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A catalyst including transition metal halide and coordinating ligand are added during grafting process to activate the fluorine-based polymer. The catalyst including transition metal halide is of formula: Mp-Yq.M=copper ions (Cu0, Cu1+ and Cu2+), ferrous ion, ferric ion, ruthenium ions (Ru2+ and Ru3+), chromium ions (Cr2+ and Cr3+), molybdenum ions (Mo0, Mo1+, Mo3+), tungsten ions (W2+ and W3+), rhodium ions (Rh3+ and Rh4+), cobalt ions (Co1+ and Co2+), rhenium ions (Re2+ and Re3+), nickel ions (Ni0 and Ni1+), manganese ions (Mn3+ and Mn4+), vanadium ions (V2+ and V3+), zinc ions (Zn1+ and Zn2+), gold ions (Au1+ and Au2+) or silver ions (Ag1+ and Ag2+);andY=negative ion chosen from halogen and 1-20C alkoxy, SO4, PO4, HPO4, H2PO4, thiocyanate, hexafluoro phosphate, alkyl sulfonate, benzene sulfonate or toluene sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The fluorine-based polymer includes polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, polychloro-tri-fluoroethylene, polytetra-fluoroethylene and/or poly-1,2-difluoroethylene. The monomer having sulfonated group is styrene sulfonic acid, methylpropene sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, sulfobutyl methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfoethyl acrylate and/or sulfobutyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The diamine compound (A) is siloxane compound having amino group in both terminals and siloxane bond. The diamine compound is of formula (1 or 2).R1=1-10C alkylene;andm,n=0-10.Preferred Process: The adhesive agent is laminated on surface(s) of organic film, to obtain protection sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl copolymer has glycidyl group. Preferred Film: The organic film is fluororesin film. EXAMPLE - TSL9306 (RTM: diamino disiloxane), and AX8390 (RTM: ethylene-ethyl acrylate-maleic acid anhydride copolymer) were dissolved in toluene, and coating material for forming an adhesive layer was prepared. Then, coating material was coated on PCTFE (RTM: polychlorotrifluoroethylene film) having thickness of 23 mu m, and dried at 80 degrees C for 10 minutes, to form adhesive layer of 25 mu m thickness. Thus, protection sheet was obtained. The obtained protection sheet had excellent adhesive strength and light transmittance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal alkoxyl oligomer comprises oligomer of metals of titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), and/or aluminum (Al). Preferred Condition: The gel-sol reaction needs time less than or equal to 30 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The proportion by weight of the metal alkoxyl oligomer is 20:80-80:20. Preferred Condition: The vitrifying transferring temperature is greater than or equal to 160 degrees C. Preferred Parameters: The refractive index is greater than or equal to 1.67. The light transmittance is greater than or equal to 88%. The hydroscopic property is less than or equal to 0.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carbon plastic conductive composite material includes polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC, polyphenylether, polymethylmethacrylate, polyphenyl thioether, polysulphone, polyether sulfone and unsaturated polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bus-bar portion contains one of silver, copper and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide and ethylene-vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal element is ruthenium (Ru), molybdenum (Mo), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), palladium (Pd), rhenium (Re) or and tungsten (W). The chalcogen element is sulfur (S), selenium (Se) or tellurium (Te). Preferred Properties: The value of (average electrode catalyst particle size (nm)) divide by (electrode catalyst particle size distribution (%)) is 0.013-0.075.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation film is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene or polyisoprene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible plastic film heat-collecting units are shaped to hollow bodies of bent rewinding pathways by colored linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene or polypropylene flexible plastic films.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The block copolymer (A) is polyoxyethylene block-polyoxypropylene block-polyoxyethylene block whose molecular weight is 1000 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal elements include ruthenium, and the chalcogen element is sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metal element is ruthenium (preferably), molybdenum (preferably), osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, iron, nickel, titanium, palladium, rhenium, and tungsten; and chalcogen element is sulfur (preferably), selenium, and tellurium. Preferred Property: The value of sulfide/sulfate is 0.27-0.71.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel is hydrogen fuel which may be hydrogen gas, methanol, ethanol or borohydride compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst layer consists of platinum, palladium, rhodium, carbon, or polythiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer consists of polyethylene, epoxy resin, fluororesin, silicone resin, silicon dioxide, or silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The RIE processing is performed using gas which is argon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, silane type compound. The inorganic oxide layer is aluminum oxide, and/or silicon oxide. The metal alkoxide is tetraethoxy silane, and/or triisopropoxy aluminum. The water soluble polymer has polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, and/or starch. The compound layer is formed by containing water soluble polymer, aqueous solution containing metal alkoxide or its hydrolyzate, and water and liquid mixture of alcohol on inorganic oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thin film solar cell module has a transparent adhesive sheet containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Sheet: A solar cell module has back surface protection sheet in outermost surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oxides: The inorganic compound is aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide and/or zinc oxide. The metal alkoxide is silane alkoxide and silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The base material is a polyester film, an aluminum foil, or a gas barrier film having one or more vapor deposition layer containing metal aluminum or an inorganic compound, a transparent primer layer, and an overcoat layer having compound film containing hydroxyl-containing high molecular compound, metal alkoxide, its hydrolyzate and/or polymer. Preferred Compound: The hydroxyl-containing high molecular compound contains polyvinyl alcohol or poly(vinyl alcohol co-ethylene). Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl fluoride layer has thickness of 20-300 mu m. The thickness of vapor deposition layer is 5-300 nm. EXAMPLE - LR209 (RTM: acrylic polyol) (in weight parts) (1.6), A56 (RTM: isocyanate hardening agent) (2) and ethyl acetate (140) were coated on both surface of polyester film having thickness of 250 mu m, and dried to form adhesive layer having thickness of 2-3 mu m. Propyl alcohol, and polyvinyl fluoride dispersion liquid which dispersed in triethyl amine, were stirred and coated on single surface of the obtained adhesive layer. Further, the surface was dried at 25 degrees C to form polyvinyl fluoride layer having thickness of 25 mu m. The obtained layer, adhesive layer, polyester film, adhesive layer and polyvinyl fluoride layer were laminated to obtain back surface protection sheet. The obtained sheet provided solar cell module having excellent heat resistance, durability, weather resistance, hydrolysis resistance, damp proofing property, external appearance and gas barrier property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive material coated on the substrate is selected from indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, ZnO-Ga2O3, ZnO-Al2O3, and SnO2-Sb2O3. The metal oxide layer is made of a metal oxide selected from titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), tungsten oxide (WO3), tin oxide (SnO2), and magnesium oxide (MgO). ORGANIC CHEMSTRY - The electrolyte is selected from a solution of iodine in acetonitrile, an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NNP) solution, and a 3-methoxypropionitrile solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalytic metal layer is composed of a metal selected from nickel, iron, cobalt, palladium, platinum, and alloys. The buffer layer is composed of a metal selected from aluminum, titanium, chromium, and niobium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The channel is packaged by polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic photovoltaic cell includes first electrode, second electrode and active layer between first electrode and second electrode. The dispersed monolayer graphite material with electric conductivity capable of dissolving in solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, toluol, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, or trichlorobenzene. The conjugate micromolecule material or conjugate macromolecule material, preferably conjugate macromolecule material, comprises polythiophene, polystyrene chaplet, synandrium, phenyleneethynylene, polyfluorene and multipolymer as main chain or side chain and its derivatives. The first electrode is aluminum having lithium fluoride buffer layer; and second electrode is tin indium oxide with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene styrene sulfonate buffer layer. Preferred Contents: The main body hetero-junction structure comprises monolayer graphite material and donor material with mass ratio of monolayer graphite material and donor material of 1:100-1:1. The organic photovoltaic cell has photoelectricity conversion ratio of greater than or equal to 1%. Preferred Property: The monolayer graphite material is graphite sheet material having thickness of single carbon atom with size of single sheet of 10 nm2 and 100 mu m2 and less than 2 nm thickness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is made of crystalline silicon or amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flow board is made of injection moldable polymer materials selected from polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polysulfone (PSU), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polymer plastic substrate and compound of engineering plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor electrode layer is made of titanium oxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), silicon oxide (SiO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), and zinc oxide (ZnO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate of upper electrode structure or lower electrode structure is made of stainless steel and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The source solution coated on semiconductor electrode layer comprises acetone and methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The porous high molecular layer comprises poly vinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The upper and lower plates are made of glass, sapphire, quartz and plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar cell is made of silicon. The lower plate is made of copper, iron, and stainless steel. The metal wires are made from gold, copper, aluminum, silver, nickel, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, zirconium, titanium, niobium, tin, and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal components can be nickel, aluminum, titanium, silver, gold, cobalt, antimony, palladium, and/or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The memory element is secondary lithium high power cell, secondary lithium high-energy cell, lithium ion cell, lithium polymer cell, nickel metal hydride cell, nickel cadmium cell, nickel/zinc secondary cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The organic photoelectric conversion layer contains polymer or low molecular compound. The transparent conducting electrode of zinc oxide thin film further has a hole-transport layer, a hole extract layer, an electron extract layer and an electron-transport layer comprising polymer or low molecular compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further includes removal of carbon component by immersing electrode catalyst in hot aqua regia, after removing chalcogen component. The dissolved metal component in aqua regia is recovered by adsorption agent, and other metal component which is not dissolved in aqua regia is recovered by deposition. Preferred Component: The electrode catalyst contains transition metal element and chalcogen element supported by electroconductive support. The transition metal is chosen from ruthenium, molybdenum, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, iron, nickel, titanium and tungsten, preferably ruthenium and molybdenum. The chalcogen element is chosen from sulfur, selenium, and tellurium, preferably sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 2-component type catalyst is 2-component type catalyst of copper and zinc, and the 3-component type catalyst is 3-component type catalyst of copper, zinc and aluminum. The copper acidized suppression components are chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, platinum metal and/or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: One plate (130) comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The other plate (120) comprises the lamellae and a polymeric material, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder particles consists of polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The area ratio of fibrous polyelectrolyte portion with respect to composite electrolyte film is 30% or more. Preferred Compound: The polyelectrolyte is hydrolyzate of the polyelectrolyte precursor (F-type polyelectrolyte) exhibiting proton conductivity. The precursor is hydrolyzed to produce polyelectrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the film is chosen from a group comprising PTFE, derivative of PTFE, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), derivative of PVDF, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene, thiol and perfluorosulfonic acid based proton conducting polymer e.g. Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) or Hyflon Ion (RTM: short-side-chain ionomer). The material can also be formed by metallic particles, ceramic particles or carbon graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive particle is made of a silver particle. The electrically conductive particles are selected from a group consisting of silver particles, gold particles, palladium particles, copper particles, aluminum particles and particles of alloys of metals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive provided in the space is two part epoxy. The top clamshell and the bottom clamshell include non-chlorinated, nombrominated flame retardant polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic (PC/ABS).
Preferred Definitions:    R-a, R-b=n-heptafluoropropyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Compounds (I) are specifically disclosed as N,N'-bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl)-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide of formula (Ia), or N,N'-bis(heptafluorobutyl)perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide.    EXAMPLE - Perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic bisanhydride (2.23 g), nonafluoropentylamine (4.00 g), and acetic acid (2.00 g) in dry N-methylpyrrolidone (34 ml) were heated at 200?oC for 48 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured onto 2 N hydrochloric acid; and the solid formed was filtered off. The solid was repeatedly heated in an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (2% strength solution) to remove remaining bisanhydride. The solid was filtered off and crystallized from toluene to give 655 mg (13% of theory) of the N,N'-bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl)-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ultrasonic probe is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer particles are selected from polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline and polystyrenesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating composition of the sealant comprises oxide particles of silicon, aluminum, tin, antimony, zirconium, tungsten or titanium, or a curing agent such as a metal chelate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating composition of the sealant comprises silane group, a hydrolyzate of an organosilicon compound group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a methacryloxy group or an epoxy group, and a polyurethane group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealant layer is clear polyurethane, organic acrylate polymer or and polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water repellent resin contains PTFE resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The glass is a decolorized frontal glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Condition: The frontal portion of the silicon-based photovoltaic cell has blue-light green color. The absorption efficiency of the silicon-based photovoltaic cell for grade 1 solar radiation is less than or equal to 60-75%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conversion layer is formed of a nanometered oxygen-containing inorganic phosphor, which is prepared from elements of Groups IIIA and IVA of Periodic Table of Elements that have a cubic crystal structure so that the geometric size of the phosphor (32) is smaller than the wavelength of the light radiated on it. It further comprises titanium (Ti) ions as an activator in which the degree of oxidization is Ti+3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Condition: The photoluminescent light is within the orange, red, near-infrared and mid-infrared subband of electromagnetic spectrum. The maximum value of the solar radiation absorbed by the conversion layer is lambda -470 to 490 nm. The maximum value of the photoluminescent spectrum of the conversion layer is within the photosensitive spectral zone of the single-crystal silicon substrate lambda - 700 to 900 nm. Preferred Function: The conversion layer increases the effective utilization of solar radiation by 15-28%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conversion layer also comprises ethyl acetoacetate or polycarbonate-based light-transmissive polymer (31) comprising evenly distributed phosphor composed of alpha -aluminum oxide-titanium oxide (0.05-5 vol.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metal oxide is magnesia, silica, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide. The material having olivine structure is of formula: LizFe1-yXyPO4. The material having spinel structure is of formula: LizMn2-xX'xO4.z=greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.2;y=0-0.3;x=0.05-0.5;X=niobium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, tungsten, manganese, nickel or cobalt;andX'=lanthanum, niobium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, tungsten, chromium, aluminum, iron, nickel or cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous insulating layer contains a metal oxide, a binder and aramid, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether imide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether nitrile, polyether ether ketone, poly benzimidazole and/or polyallylate. Preferred Process: The porous insulating layer is fixed to a positive electrode surface or negative electrode surface using binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A transparent adhesive film utilizes an epoxy resin adhesive film, light adhesive films utilizes epoxy resin adhesive film, insulating film utilizes polyimide film, and the encapsulation film utilizes modified polyethylene terephthalate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The AA type battery conforms to IEC 60086-1 standard, BS397 standard, and ANSI C18.1 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is isocyanate curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The electrolyte resin is perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The degradation product is a compound containing fluorine. The dissolution portion is formed with silicon. The reaction portion is formed by a substance containing alizarin complexan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - The cartridge is configured to contain a hydrogen generating reaction having a chemical reaction between a liquid and a solid hydride reactant, a fluid processing component selected from a fluid filtration component, a fluid generation component, a fluid consumption component, and a fluid containment component. The biasing member is at least partially elastomeric and is configured to compress to generate the biasing force in response to an insertion of the cartridge into the cartridge receiver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The transition metal element is ruthenium (Ru), molybdenum (Mo), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), palladium (Pd), and/or rhenium (Re). The chalcogen element is sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and/or tellurium (Te).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is olefin resin, polyethylene-terephthalate type-resin or polymethyl pentene resin. The barrier layer consists of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin. The rubber consists of insulating filler and carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: Electrical energy is stored repeatedly, electrolyte from the electrolysis cell being used in the fuel cell and electrolyte from the fuel cell being used in the electrolysis cell. The electrolyte supplied from the electrolysis cell to the fuel cell is diluted with water formed by the hydrogen-oxygen reaction. The electrolyte supplied from the fuel cell to the electrolysis cell is concentrated by electrolysis. A basic electrolyte is used. An acid or alkaline electrolyzer is used in conjunction with a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, the water formed in the fuel cell being added to the concentrated electrolyte from the electrolysis cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: graphite paper contains carbon fiber containing 80-99.99 weight% of carbon as main material, and carbon fiber powder containing 80-99.99 weight% of carbon as filling material, graphite powder and/or carbon powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate material does not react with electrolyte which is formed using nylon, vinylon (fiber), polyolefin, polyolefin fluoride and/or diamide compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is polyoxyethylene alkylene alkyl ether, polyethylene glycol alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester and/or acidic- group modified polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is made of polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The filter layer contains polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone and/or polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Alkyl group is methyl group. Alkyl group in surface functional group of silica polymer is 40-90%. The electrically conductive paste contains 0.1-10 wt.% silica polymer with respect to silicon dioxide (SiO2) as inorganic particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic material comprises copper-indium-diselenide (CuInSe2) or copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (Cu(In,Ga)Se2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic dye of the photovoltaic material is naphthalene dyes or perylene dyes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rigid substrate comprises aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, dichroic glass, germanium/semiconductor glass, glass ceramic, silicate/fused silica glass, soda lime glass, quartz glass, chalcogenide/sulfide glass, fluoride glass, a glass-based phenolic, flint glass, or cereated glass. The absorber layer is copper-indium-gallium-diselenide. The junction partner layer is indium selenide, indium trisulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium indium sulfide, cadmium zinc sulfide, zinc indium selenide, Zn1-xMgO, cadmium sulfide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide or doped zinc oxide. The antireflective coating comprises magnesium fluoride, silicon nitrate, titanium nitrate, silicon monoxide, or silicon oxide nitrite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The rigid substrate comprises a urethane polymer, an acrylic polymer, a fluoropolymer, polybenzamidazole, polymide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone, polyamide-imide, glass-based phenolic, polystyrene, cross-linked polystyrene, polyester, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polytetrafluoro-ethylene, polymethacrylate, nylon 6,6, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate, rigid vinyl, plasticized vinyl, or polypropylene. The transparent tubular casing comprises polymethylmethacrylate, poly-dimethyl siloxane, ethylene vinyl acetate, perfluoroalkoxy fluorocarbon, nylon, crosslinked polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephtalate glycol, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polyvinylidene fluoride. The filler layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, silicone, silicone gel, epoxy, polydimethyl siloxane, room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber, polyvinyl butyral, thermoplastic polyurethane, a polycarbonate, an acrylic, a fluoropolymer, or a urethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The carbon nanotubes in the nanotube-polymer composite consist essentially of non-functionalzed nanotubes. The method further involves the step of adding a second polymer different from the first polymer to the mixture solution. The first or second polymer comprises an electrically conducting polymer. The second solvent comprises trifluoroacetic acid. The co-solvent comprises second solvent (1-20 vol.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The main chain comprises sulfur-containing repeating unit of formula: -R1-X (2).R1=group of formula (3-22);S1-S12=H, or substitution group;Q1=-O- or -S-;Q2=-O-, -CH2-, -CO- or -NH2-;X=single bond, -C(R5R6)-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -SO-, or -SO2-;andR5,R6=H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or halogen-substituted alkyl. Preferred Definitions:    X=oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;    m1=1-6;and    B1=linking group having 0 to 100 carbon atoms chosen from alkylene, halogen substituted alkylene, alkyl-substrated alkylene, arylene, halogen-substituted arylene, alkyl-substrated arylene, alkenylene, halogen-substituted alkenylene, alkyl-substrated alkenylene, alkynylene, amide, ester, sulfonamide, sulfonic acid ester, ureido, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, thioether, ether, carbonyl, and heteryllene, preferably halogen-substituted alkylene, halogen substituted arylene, and/or halogen substituted alkenylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell module comprises back surface filler sheet, solar cell element, front filler sheet, and transparent front substrate sequentially formed on a black surface protection sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The silane modified transparent resin is silane modified polymer formed by graft polymerizing an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound and polyethylene resin. Preferred Property: The content of crosslinking agent contained in the flame resistance layer is 30% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic substance is silane-type oxide or titanium-type oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The unreacted organic functional group is hydrophilized by mixing coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A coupling agent is further mixed with room temperature-curing hydrophilic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The guide plate of the humidifying section is made of metallic stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The guide plate of the humidifying section is made of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The two-dimensionally extending emitter is produced by phosphorus chloride oxide (POCl3) gas-phase diffusion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastic spacer is a molded body of resin selected from a group of vinyl chloride, fluorocarbon, ethylene propylene diene M-class rubber (EPDM), elastomer, polyethylene and polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The catalyst slurry contains mixture of platinum-ruthenium-carbon carrier and Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer) solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Layer: The gaseous-diffusion layer comprising woven fabric and non-woven fabric containing electroconductive carbon material or carbon paper is formed on the catalyst electrode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The piezoelectric layer comprises metal oxide chosen from lead zinc titanate (Pb(ZnTi)O3), a solid solution of lead zinc niobium oxide (Pb(ZnNb)O3) and lead titanate (PbTiO3), and a solid solution of lead magnesium niobium oxides (Pb(MgNb)O3) and lead titanate (PbTiO3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The piezoelectric layer further comprises polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric polymer, and has a hydrophobic membrane disposed on its surface. The hydrophobic membrane contains polymer chosen from polytetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode or cathode film comprises lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium cobalt nickel oxide, amorphous vanadium manganese pentoxide, crystalline iron vanadium pentoxide or titanium disulfide. The anode or cathode current collector film comprises aluminum, copper, platinum, silver or gold. The electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride. The cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide and anode comprises lithium. The battery module further contains protective coating comprising several polymer and ceramic layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline battery is zinc (Zn)-magnesium dioxide (MnO2) primary, Zn-MnO2 secondary, Zn-Air, Zn-silver oxide (AgO), nickel (Ni)-Zn, cadmium (Cd)-AgO, Zn-mercury oxide (HgO), Cd-HgO, Ni-Cd, Ni-Metal Hydride, or Ni-hydrogen (H2) battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fiber polymer comprises a surfactant embedded in the polymer. The fibers are produced from a spinning solution of polymer by electrospinning or electroblowing, in which surfactant is added in the spinning solution. The surfactant is a non- ionic surfactant. The nonionic surfactant is an alkylated polyether surfactant or a siloxyl polyether surfactant. The fibers comprise a polymer of aliphatic polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl pentane, polyphenylene sulfide, polyacetyl, polyurethane, aromatic polyamide and blends, and/or their copolymers. The polymer is cross linked. The polymeric fibers are further coated with surfactant. Preferred Composition: The polymer contains 0.4-20 (preferably 1-5) wt.% of surfactant. Preferred Property: The porous fine fiber layer has a mean flow pore size of 0.01-15 mu m, a thickness of 0.1-12 mil, a basis weight of 1-90 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Dopant: The dopant is chosen from tetrabutyl hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate and tetrabutylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer nanomaterial is doped with a dopant. Preferred Material: The nanomaterial is nanotube or nanowire, preferably poly(3-methyl thiophene)nanotube or poly(3-hexylthiophene)nanowire. The poly(3-hexylthiophene)nanowire has conductivity of 8x 10-3 S/cm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dopant paste is made of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protruded circumference is made of material selected from polyethylene terephthalate, poly ethylene naphthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate, polyester, polyester sulfonate, polysulfonate, polyacrylate, fluorinated polyimide, resin fluoride, polyacryl, polyepoxy, polyethylene, polystyrene, PVC, polyvinyl butyral, polyacetal, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyether imine, polyphenylenesulfide, polyethersulfone, polyether ketone, polyphthalamide, polyether nitrile, polybenzimidazole, polymethyl acrylate, polymetha crylamide, epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, Urea resin, nitrile rubber, acryl rubber, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, butyl rubber and poly styrene-nose-butadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic ion salt contains lithium element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of monomer of formula (I) and monomer of formula (II) is 100:0-50:50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The electrolytic salt is lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains 0.05-10 mass% of sulfonate compound (1). Preferred Compound: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains cyclic carbonate and a linear carbonate as non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous solvent contains vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate or fluorinated ethylene carbonate. Preferred Material: The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (1) contains cathode (7), anode (6), a separator (8) and non-aqueous electrolyte. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=1-6C alkylene;    M,M'=lithium;    m=0;and    X=group of formula(2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A material of a chock material layer has polyesters macromolecule comprising poly-para-phenylene dimethyl acid ethylene ester and polyacrylonitrile, or polyolefines macromolecule comprising polyethylene or polypropylene. A material of a hydrophobic porous material layer is polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene or polyether sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxides are selected from oxides of titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium, gallium or strontium-titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The input interface is provided with a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface and/or an alternating current power plug. The output interface is provided with a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface and/or a direct current output interface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon load further includes methanol, ethane, propane, butane, naphtha, liquid petroleum gas, natural gas, petrol, kerosene, diesel, glycerin, and/or alcohols heavier than ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The plate is made of graphite, graphite powder comprising a binder, metal, metal comprising a corrosion resistant coating, alloy, alloy comprising a corrosion resistant coating, electrically conducting elastomeric compound, and electrically conducting ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The sealant is made of elastomers such as fluoro hydrocarbon rubbers; or silicon rubbers. The sealant material is highly corrosion resistant and/or highly capable of withstanding penetration of hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer comprises polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl type compound unit in polymeric block (A) is aromatic vinyl type compound unit of formula: -C(R3)(Ar)-CH2-. The vinyl type compound unit in polymeric block (B) is chosen from 2-8C alkene unit, 5-8C cycloalkene unit, 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit, 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit, 5-8C conjugated cycloalkadiene unit, wholly or partially hydrogenated 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit, wholly or partially hydrogenated 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit, wholly or partially hydrogenated 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit and/or wholly or partially hydrogenated 5-8C conjugated cycloalkadiene unit, preferably 2-8C alkene unit, 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit, or wholly or partially hydrogenated 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit. The mass ratio of sum of polymeric block (A) and polymeric block (C) to polymeric block (B), is 90:10-10:90. The mass ratio of polymeric block (C) and polymeric block (B) is 95:5-5:95. The ion conductive group in polymeric block (A) is of formula: -SO3M or -PO3HM.Ar=6-14C aryl optionally substituted by 1-3 substituents;R3=H, 1-4C alkyl or 6-14C aryl optionally substituted by 1-3 substituent;andM=H, ammonium ion, or alkali-metal ion.Preferred Property: The polyelectrolyte has ion exchange capacity of 0.3 meq/g or more. Preferred Definitions:    R1=cross-linking alicyclic hydrocarbon group, preferably adamantyl or biadamantyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive agent is selected from graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Denka black, activated carbon, porous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanohorn, carbon nanoring, carbon nanowire, fullerene C60 and Super P (RTM: conductive carbon black). The catalyst in the catalyst layers of the anode electrode is selected from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy or platinum-transition metal alloys. The catalyst layer of the cathode electrode includes platinum and platinum-transition metal alloys. The gas diffusion Layer is selected from carbon paper, carbon cloth or carbon felt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The hydrophobicity binder is selected from polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly trifluorochlorovinyl, fluorovinylidene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorovinylidene copolymer, hexafluoropropylene copolymer, fluorovinylidene copolymer, propylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, perfluoroethylene copolymer or tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer. The polymer in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is selected from perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazenes, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A lithium salt is used in lithium secondary battery, where lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate ethyl methyl carbonate ethylene carbonate, prolypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate or vinylenecarbonate. The cathode also includes carboxymethycellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-containing compound is made of lithium hydroxide, fluorinated lithium, lithium nitrate or lithium carbonate. The pH adjusting agent includes ammonia aqueous solution and carbon dioxide. The olivine type anodic active material is preferably selected from nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, perchlorate, boride, oxide, sulfide, peroxide or ammonium. The compound containing M is made of magnesium monoperoxyphthalate or aluminum boric acid. The compound containing X is made of phosphoric acid or bismuth neodecanoate. The solution containing X is selected from water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-containing compound is also made of lithium acetate. The pH adjusting agent has alcohol group. The olivine type anodic active material is selected from acetate, citrate, phthalate , acetylacetonate, acrylate, formate, oxalate, halide, oxyhalide, boride, oxide, sulfide, peroxide, alkoxide, hydroxide or acetylacetone. The compound containing M is made of iron ethylenediammonium sulfate, titanium bis(ammoniumlactato)dihydroxide, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate or boron trifluoride-propanol. The carbon precursor is selected from carbon nano fiber, sucrose, glucose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, colloidal carbon, citric acid, tartaric acid, glycolic acid, polyacrylic acid, adipic acid or glycine. The solution containing X is preferably selected from methanol, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the lead acid storage battery colloidal electrolyte comprises (wt.%) sulfuric acid (35.2), nanometer silicon dioxide (6), macromolecule stabilizing agent (0.2), superfine glass fiber (0.2), boric acid (0.2), phosphoric acid (0.2), sodium sulfate (1), and water (57).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macromolecule stabilizing agent adopts the polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The manufacturing method of the colloidal electrolyte storage battery comprises: (a) preparing each component of the colloidal electrolyte into material A and B; (b) freezing the material A at negative 18 degrees C to 0 degrees C, and freezing the material B at negative 8 degrees C to negative 5 degrees C, and mixing and stirring, pouring into the storage battery and packaging; and (c) stewing for 2 hours and making the middle temperature of the storage battery reach normal temperature, using battery carbon 10 (C10) constant current method to charge for 10 hours after gelling, and using carbon 5 (C5) constant current method to charge for 6 hours, and using carbon 2.5 (C2.5) constant current method to charge for 4 hours. Preferred Process: The method for preparing material A comprises: (a) using water to dilute the concentrated sulfuric acid until the density is 1.48 g/cm3, and super multi-stage filtering; and (b) adding phosphoric acid, cadmium, germanium and ammonium into the diluted sulfuric acid, uniformly stirring. The method for preparing material B comprises: (a) using water to dilute the industrial sodium silicate until the density is 1.01 g/cm3, depositing for 24 hours, and removing sodium by ion exchange, super-condensing until the density is 1.1 g/cm3 after super filtering; and (b) adding metacetonic acid alcohol, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, polyacrylamide, and ethylene glycol into the prepared solution, and uniformly stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The rate of the borohydride, hydrazine and water in the mixed aqueous solution of the borohydride-hydrazine to 100:20-100:100-200 by weight. Moreover, the contents of the borohydride in the mixed aqueous solution of borohydride-hydrazine is more than 10% by weight or the sodium hydroxide is added to the mixed aqueous solution of borohydride-hydrazine for increasing the stability of the borohydride when the content of the hydrazine is less than 2%; content of the sodium hydroxide in the mixed solution is 5-10% by weight. The anode catalyst is adhered to the base material of the electrode using the perfluoro-sulfonic resin, polyacrylic resin or polyacrylamide resin for forming anode of the fuel cell coated by catalyst and resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The rear side of the plate and/or the inner side of the ring is made of aluminum or coated with aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat-damming material is formed by foamed polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflectivity-reduction agent further contains organosilicon compound. The reflectivity-reduction agent further contains positive-charge substance chosen from cation, conductive material or dielectric material having positive charge and conductive and dielectric material having positive charge or composite component of semiconductor. The reflectivity-reduction agent further contains negative-charge substance chosen from anion, conductive material or dielectric material having negative charge and conductive and dielectric material having negative charge or composite component of semiconductor. Preferred Compounds: The titanium oxide is titanium peroxide. The carbon in reflectivity-reduction agent is chosen from carbon black, graphite, fullerene, carbon nanotube and form of Indian ink.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The thermally decomposable organic compound is saccharide, sugar alcohol or water-soluble organic polymer. The saccharide is monosaccharide or disaccharide. EXAMPLE - SH3746M (RTM: organosilicon compound) (in g) (100) was mixed with liquid which carried out pure-water dilution of silicon doped amorphous type titanium peroxide dispersion (50). The ratio of organosilicon compound and the dispersion was 10:0.2. Then, the saccharose (2 weight%) was mixed with the solution, to obtain liquid mixture. The obtained liquid mixture was coated on substrate of float glass having thickness of 3 mm by spray coating. The substrate was then surface treated at 500 degrees C for 15 minutes. The porous layer having several corrugations was formed on the surface of the substrate. The thickness of the porous layer was 150 nm. The obtained substrate was then subjected to ultraviolet ray. The obtained substrate had transmittance of 91.51% and permeability of 5.84%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric transducer has mixture layer containing fullerene derivative as electron acceptor and compound as electron donor between pair of electrode, formed by coating the solution. The mixture layer is formed by vapor deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fullerene derivative has 2 or 3 organic groups having 1-50 carbon atoms. The fullerene is chosen from 60C fullerene and/or 70C fullerene. The fullerene derivative is of formula: C60(R1)(R2) (I), preferably of formula (II-VIII).R1,R2=1-50C organic group, where R1 and R2 do not combine with each other to form ring.Preferred Group: The organic group having 1-50 carbon atoms is a group which contains aromatic group, and is of formula: -(CH2)n-W'(-R3)(-R5)-R4 (IX).W'=atom of IVB group of periodic table, preferably Si;R3-R5=H, 1-50C hydrocarbon, alkoxy or amino, preferably 1-20C hydrocarbon;andn=1-10, preferably 1-5.Preferred Compound: The compound as electron donor is heterocyclic high molecular compound such as porphyrin compound or phthalocyanine compound, polythiophene or copper-phthalocyanine compound and tetra-benzoporphyrin. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=-CH2-Si(-CH3)(-R5)-CH2;and    R5=1-20C alkyl or phenyl, preferably methyl or phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicone resin film comprises a curable elastomeric silicone composition formed using a de-volatilized polymer and at least one de-volatilized cross-linker. The de-volatilized polymer comprises a de-volatilized vinyl functional siloxane polymer exposed to at least one of a vacuum and heat to remove volatiles from the polymer. At least one de-volatilized cross-linker comprises a de-volatilized methyl hydrogen siloxane polymer with SiH functional groups exposed to at least one of a vacuum and heat to remove volatiles from the cross-linker. The silicone resin film comprises at least one fiber-reinforced silicone resin film having silicone resin film impregnated with a fibrous material. The fibrous material having a first side adjacent to the first layer, and a second layer of the silicon-containing composition adjacent a second side of the fibrous material, the second side being opposite the first side; glass fabric comprising a glass fibers. The silicone resin film is at least one of a substrate and a superstrate for the photovoltaic element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The fluorescent dye is perylene and terrylene having 1-12C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The first and second polymers comprise a polycarbonate, or polyester-polycarbonate. The second layer further comprises an organic diffuser comprising poly(acrylates); poly (alkyl methacrylates); poly (tetrafluoroethylene); silicones; and/or hydrolyzed poly(alkyl trialkoxysilanes).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is formed of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP). The sacrificial layer is formed from aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa1-xAs), indium aluminum arsenide (InxAl1-xAs), aluminum phosphide antimonide (AlPxSb1-x) and aluminum arsenide antimonide (AlAsxSb1-x). The III-V compound is gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium indium phosphide (Ga1-xInxP), gallium indium arsenide (Ga1-xInxAs), indium phosphide (InP) and gallium indium arsenide phosphide (Ga1-xInxAs1-xPy), and aluminum gallium indium phosphide ((AlxGa1-x)1-yInyP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The copper selenide having dendrite structure is formed on surface of aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and/or polypropylene glycol. The reactant precursor, ethyl cellulose, polypropylene carbonate, or aqueous polypropylene glycol and binder are mixed and formed on material to obtain a transparent oxide conductive film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Arrangement: The solar cell further has primary electrode and primary substrate sequentially provided on the primary organic layer, and secondary electrode and secondary substrate sequentially provided on the secondary organic layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic semiconductor layer is formed using titanium dioxide. The inorganic semiconductor layer has a pn-junction region.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The primary organic layer has p-type semiconductor property, while the secondary organic layer has n-type semiconductor property. Preferred Composition: The primary organic layer is formed using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polysupersulfone and/or polyaniline. The secondary organic layer is formed using poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-14-phenylene vinylene) and/or polyfluorene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycerol class material is selected from glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol-monomethyl, ethylene glycol-dimethyl ether or propylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion conductivity monomer is selected from perfluorosulfonic acid polymer or hydrocarbon-based polymer. The solid polymer electrolyte film is selected from perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazenes, poly ethylene naphthalate, polyester, polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone or polysulfone. The catalyst layer of anode electrode includes a catalyst selected from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy or platinum-transition metal alloys. The catalyst layer of cathode electrode includes a catalyst selected from platinum or platinum-transition metal alloys. The gas diffusion layer is made of carbon paper, carbon cloth or carbon felt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected among platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum- ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy or platinum-transition metal alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The fuel is selected among methanol, ethanol, butanol, propanol or formic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polymer is selected among perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyersulfone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazenes, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polybenzimidazole or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dye molecule layer comprises dye selected from ruthenium complex or dithiafuvalene based compounds. The ruthenium complex is selected from Ruthenium 620-1H3TBA (RTM: Ruthenium Dye), Ruthenium 470 (RTM: Ruthenium Dye), Ruthenium 505 (RTM: Ruthenium Dye), Ruthenium 520-DN (RTM: Ruthenium Dye), Ruthenium 535 (RTM: Ruthenium Dye) or Ruthenium 535-bisTBA (RTM: Ruthenium Dye). The metal oxide layer is selected from titanium dioxide, tin oxide or zinc oxide. The electrolyte layer is made up of iodine-based oxidation-reduction liquid electrolyte. The conductive layer is made up of indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dithiafuvalene based compounds are selected from compounds having formula (I) to (IV), In formula (III),X=ru, rh, pd, transition metal or lanthanide series metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The negative electrode active material contains thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The fuel electrode of the fuel cell has catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer which are laminated from the polymer electrolyte membrane side. Preferred Property: The porosity of the fuel electrode, catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer goes downstream and is relatively small from the upstream of the fuel gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heaters can be of anodized or coated aluminum. The seat can be an aluminum profile. POYMNERS - The heaters can be of anodized or coated acrylic glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrically conductive functional layer is formed from a conductive inorganic compound such as nitride and/or carbonitride, oxide and/or oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The corrosion protection layer is made up of metal material such as titanium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, nickel, lead, platinum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, silver, gold, ruthenium, osmium rhodium and Iridium. The electrically conductive functional layer is formed of gold, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically conductive functional layer is designed as a plasma polymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing rubber binding bar comprises ethylene propylene diene rubber bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive piece (6) is composed of electrolytic manganese dioxide, conducting carbon and adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The manufacturing method of the colloid storage battery comprises: (a) preparing acid and colloid; (b) freezing prepared acid and colloid in the acid cooler and mixing and stirring, maintaining temperature at less than or equal to 20 degrees C; and (c) pouring acid and colloid into storage battery after mixing, and encapsulating. Preferred Composition: The highly conductive starting colloid electrolyte of the colloid storage battery, comprises (wt.%) vitriol (25-45, preferably 35), phosphoric acid (0.1-5, preferably 2), glycerol propanetriol (0.1-5, preferably 2), silicon (0.1-2.5, preferably 1.5), anhydrous sodium sulfate (0.1-2, preferably 1), polyethylene glycol (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), potassium hydroxide (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), lithium hydroxide (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), polyacrylamide (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), and water (40.3-74.58, preferably 58.46). Preferred Process: The acid is prepared by diluting vitriol with water of 2/3 total amount, adding phosphoric acid, anhydrous sodium sulfate into vitriol, and stirring. The colloid is prepared by diluting glycerol propanetriol with water of 1/3 total amount, adding silicon, polyethylene glycol, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, polyacrylamide, and stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nucleating agent is sodium citrate or nano-zinc oxide powder. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the nucleating agent to the carbonate is 5:1-1:5. Preferred Process: Nucleating agent is further added into the complex foaming agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The reacting temperature is 80-130 degrees C and reacting time is 1-10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the organic polymer to the inorganic filler is 9-2:1-8, and the weight ratio of the total weight of the organic polymer and the inorganic filler to the binder is 90-99.5:10-0.5. Preferred Conditions: The softening point or the melting point of the organic polymer is 90-250 degrees C, the organic polymer is power whose average particle diameter is less than 5 microns or short fiber whose average length is less than 5 microns. Preferred Components: The organic polymer is organic glass fiber, modified organic glass fiber, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polyamide. The organic oxide is oxides of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, silicon, barium and zinc, the inorganic salt is one or several kinds of the sulfate, silicate and carbonate of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, barium, or zinc. The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyfluortetraethylene, modified polyoxyethylene, polyacrylonitrile whose weight average molecular weight is 20000-5000000 and the copolymer of the monomers of at least two polymers and polyether sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is selected from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy, platinum-M alloy, where M is selected from gallium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, tin, molybdenum, tungsten or rubidium. The electrode substrate is selected from carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt or metal cloth. The membranous polymers are selected from sodium, potassium, lithium or cesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cation exchanger is selected from sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group or phosphate group. The membranous polymers are also selected form tetrabutylammonium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porosity release film is selected from poly tetra fluro ethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate or polyester. The catalyst layer composition is selected from dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, methylcellulose or castor oil derivative. The membranous polymers resin is selected from fluoro polymer, benzimidazole group polymer, polyimide system polymer, polyetherimide group polymer, polyphenylene sulfide group polymer, polysulfone group polymer, polyether sulfone group polymer, polyether ketone group polymer, polyether-ether ketone crab polymer or polyphenyl quinoxalin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is the platinum-based catalyst, which is made of platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy, platinum-M alloy, where M is selected from gallium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, tin, molybdenum, tungsten or rubidium. The membrane-electrode assembly also has carbon-based material, which is made of carbon-powder, carbon black, acetylene black, activated carbon, carbon fiber, fullerene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanowire, carbon nano-horn, or carbon nano ring. POLYMER - Preferred Component: The conductive part is made of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyacene or polythiophene. The release film is poly tetra fluro ethylene,tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy copolymer, ethylene or tetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene. fluoride. The membrane-electrode assembly is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate. OGANIC CHEMSTRY - Preferred Components: The film transmitted with membranous polymers has the cation exchanger, which is selected from sulfonic acid group or carboxylic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is optionally selected from lithiumhexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Machines: The anode and electrolyte are mixed by using ball milling machine, attritor type ball milling machine or high energy milling machine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate. The glyme solvent is selected from monoethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether or polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The lithium salt is selected from lithium trifluromethane sulfonate or lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonate)imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The substitution radical is selected among carboxy radical, phosphorous acid group, sulfonic acid group, phosphinic acid group, hydroxyl group or oxycarboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The substitution radical is made up of vinyl group, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, biphenyl or blood.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substitution radical is made up of polyvinyl, pyrrole, thiophene or carbazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal oxide included in the barrier layer and porous film is formed with one or more elements selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, the niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide or strontium-titanium oxide. The metal oxide precursor is titanium chloride, titanium isopropoxide or titanium(bis(ethylacetoacetato) diisopropoxide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal oxide precursor solution is made of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran and distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The dye sensitizer is ruthenium-bipyridine complex. The nanocrystalline metal oxide is nanocrystalline titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer matrix is polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, poly acrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate or polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate or lithiumtrifluoromethanesulfonylimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The plasticizer is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl acetate or methyl propionate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropyleneoxide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene carbonate or polyvinylpyrrolidinone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl amide and/or N-methyl pyrrolidine, preferably acetone or butanone. Preferred Monomer: The chemical cross-linking monomer is acrylate monomer having two functional groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The physical cross-linking polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene polymer, preferably polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene. Preferred Substrate: The diaphragm substrate is polypropylene, polyethylene or polypropylene-polyethylene composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The preparation method of the lead-free solar cell silver paste comprises (1) preparing lead-free glass binding agent by weighing materials of 70-85% bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), 5-15% silicon dioxide (SiO2), 2-15% antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), 1-5% aluminum oxide (Al2O3), 0-3% zinc oxide (ZnO), 0-3% magnesium oxide (MgO), and 0-3% titanium dioxide (TiO2); mixing evenly and putting into high-temperature muffle furnace for heating at 1000-1400 degrees C; insulating for 30-60 minutes and quenching the fused glass powder particles; then ball milling the obtained materials; (2) preparing organic carrier, mixing and stirring organic solvent and organic additive according to weight ratio of 3:1-7:1; (3) preparing solar cell silver paste, weighing and stirring 70-85% silver powder, 5-10% lead-free glass binding agent, and 5.5-25% organic carrier evenly and putting the mixture into ball mill for ball milling to obtain uniform lead-free solar cell silver paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The oxide layer is aluminum oxide or silicon oxide layer. An aluminum foil is used between the layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The substrate is force-fittingly connected with the polyamide 12-layers over an adhesive layer. The composite is producible by co-extrusion. A further layer as adhesion layer is intended on at least a layer. The adhesion layer is applied by co-extrusion. The adhesion layer is applied with a roll applicator. At least a layer is dyed. The layer is pre-treated by physical media. A seal layer (5) is applied on the layer. At least a top surface of the layer is physically and/or chemically treated. Preferred components: The adhesive in the adhesive layer is polyurethane and/or polyester adhesive. Additionally at least an adhesion promoter (4) is used for the co-extrusion. A polymer foil provided with an oxide layer separated from the vapor phase is used between the layers. The polymer foil is a foil made from polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthenate or a coextrudate of it in the form of foils or foil composite. The adhesion layer is single or multi layers and consists of polyurethane, polyester and/or polyacrylate. The seal layer is ethyl vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral or ionomer or polymethyl methacrylate or polyurethane or polyester or hot melt and coextrudate of it in the form of foils or foil composite. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The single bandgap material comprises silicon, germanium, compound semiconductors, or organic semiconductors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high refractive index liquid comprises water, oil, glycerol, acetone, and/or methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optically transparent solid comprises glass or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent cover is a sheet made of a transparent material e.g. acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - preferred Compounds: The heat insulation material pattern includes polyimide film, carbon 60 film or benzo-cyclo-butene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The aluminum powder has tap density of 1.30-3.50 g/cc. Preferred Components: The aluminum powder comprises (wt. pts.) spherical aluminum with average granularity of 1-2.8 mu m (40-75) and spherical aluminum with average granularity of 3-7 mu m (25-60); or spherical aluminum with average granularity of 1.5-2.7 mu m (50-70) and spherical aluminum with average granularity of 4-6 mu m (25-60).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sizing agent further comprises sintering auxiliary agent, tackifying agent, stabilizing agent, or dispersant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic carrier contains cellulose nitrate and solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The membrane comprises electrolyte material selected from zirconia-based electrolytes, zirconia-based electrolytes doped with alkali or rare earth oxides, zirconia-based electrolytes in a cubic fluorite phase, ceria-based electrolytes, ceria-based electrolytes doped rare earth oxides, ceria-based electrolytes in a cubic fluorite phase, lanthanum gallate-based electrolytes, lanthanum gallate-based electrolytes doped with oxides of aliovalent metals, lanthanum gallate-based oxides of perovskite phase, zirconia-based electrolytes in a pyrocholore phase, lanthanum silicate-based electrolytes, lanthanum silicate-based electrolytes doped with oxides of aliovalent metals, and lanthanum silicate-based electrolytes in an apatite phase. The solid carbonaceous fuel is selected from anthracite, biomass, coal, char, charcoal, forest residues, industrial carbon-containing wastes, lignite, municipal solid wastes, paper pulp, peat, petroleum coke, refuse-derived wastes, sewage sludge, solid wastes, and waste plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous carbon film is porous carbon-nanotube film. The catalyst particles contain noble metal and transition metal. Reducing agent and solution containing polar solvent and catalyst metal ion are used during the manufacture of electrode catalyst-substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol and/or butanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Polymerizable monomer is oxidize-polymerized and synthesized using alcohol solution of oxidizing agent and dopant. The polymerizable monomer is thiophene or its derivative(s). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The benzenesulfonic acid derivative is 4-methyl benzenesulfonic acid or 4-methoxy benzenesulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode active material is lithium or lithium alloy containing crystal grains and crystal grain boundaries. A lithium oxide is existed in the exposed surface of crystal grain boundary. The lithium salt is complex compound of lithium nitride-carbon-fluoro sulfoxide (LiN(CF3SO2)2), lithium-nitride-dicarbon-pentafluoro sulfoxide (LiN(C2F5SO2)2) and lithium-oxychloride (LiClO4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ethylene glycol ether is fluorine-containing ethylene glycol ether. The dry polymer electrolyte contains a polymer having electron-donating oxygen atom in its structure, lithium salt and ethylene glycol ether chosen from methyl mono-glyme, methyl-di glyme, methyl tri-glyme, methyl-tetra glyme, methyl-penta glyme, ethyl mono-glyme, ethyl-di glyme, ethyl-tri glyme, ethyl-tetra glyme and ethoxy methoxy ethane. The polymer having electron-donating oxygen atom in its structure is chosen from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, polycarbonate, polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and copolymer of polypropylene oxide and polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chemically bonded titanium dioxide nanoparticles include sintered titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The conductive carbon layer further includes zirconium oxide particles, distributed among the carbon black particles, the graphite powder, the expanded graphite particles, and the titanium dioxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The backsheet is a single layer of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composition. The PVDF composition is a polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer; a polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer; a blend of PVDF polymer with compatible polymer, where greater than or equal to 50 wt.% of the blend is PVDF; or an acrylic modified fluoropolymer with less than or equal to 50% PVDF content. The functionalized PVDF composition comprises a functionalized PVDF or PVDF blended with a functional co-resin. The photovoltaic module includes a barrier layer comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, aluminum or reactive polyethylenes. The backsheet substrate is polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate substrate. It is chemically treated to improve adhesion of the PVDF coating. The PVDF coating composition is an acrylic-modified fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion. The PVDF is a homopolymer or a copolymer having a melting point of greater than 130 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The coating composition comprises 2-33 wt.% crosslinker.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fixing structure is made of aluminum, aluminum alloy, or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fixing structure is made of PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin-based material or synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fuel cell system further comprises fuel distribution layer containing polytetrafluoroethylene resin. The hydrophobic film is chosen from polytetrafluoropolyethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastic material is made of kevlar, polyurethane, polyethylene, twaron, aramid fiber, nylon, rubber, carbon, synthetic polymers, chloroprene, elastomers, polyester, woven fiber, carbon fiber, and glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hose may comprise carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hose comprises a material selected from the group consisting of Kevlar (RTM: Para-aramid synthetic fiber), polyurethane, polyethylene, Twaron (RTM: Synthetic fiber), aramid fiber, nylon, rubber, synthetic polymers, chloroprene, elastomers, polyester, carbon fiber, glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred components: The sulfonated dendrimer is selected from polyamidoamine dendrimer, polypropyleneimine dendrimer, aromatic polyether dendrimer, phenyl acetylene dendrimer, polyphenylene dendrimer, polyalkyl ester dendrimer or polyalkylene ether dendrimer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The substituted radical is selected from carboxy radical, phosphorous acid, sulfonic acid, phosphinic acid, hydroxyl group, oxycarboxylic acid or acid amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anodic active material contains lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide and/or complex oxide of lithium-manganese-cobalt-nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reactor (a) is alkoxy radical. The reactor (b) is vinyl group, alkoxy radical, amino radical methacryl group and/or mercapto group. The silane compound is 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl trichlorosilane, vinyltris (2-methoxy ethoxy)silane, vinylethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxy silane, 3-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, N-2-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyl diethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and/or 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silane compound is selected from the group, vinylsilane coupling agent including 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane of the vinyl trichloro silane, vinyltris (2-methoxy ethoxy) silane, vinylethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, (meta) acryl group silane coupling agent which includes 2-(3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxy silane including 3-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The epoxy group silane coupling agent including 3-glycidyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. The alkoxy type silane coupling agent includes the amino silane coupling agent, such as 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane of the N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, the N-2-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyl diethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. The hydrocarbon negetive electrode active material is selected from the group, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, silicon active material, tin-based active material, and silicon-carbon system active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic solvent is selected from N-methyl-a-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, sulfuric acid or methane sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The tetraalkyl orthosilicate has 1-6C alkyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The pore-forming agent is poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol), poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol), and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene glycol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is particularly selected from citric acid, malic acid, meso-tartaric acid, pyruvic acid or muconic acid. The organic polymer is selected from trivalent alcohol, tetravalent alcohol or a pentavalent alcohol comprising ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol , dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, triglycol, tetraethylene glycol or glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The compounds used in manufacturing olivine type anodic active material are selected from nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, perchlorate, halide, oxy halide, boride, oxide, sulfide, peroxide, hydroxide or ammonium, preferably boric acid, phosphoric acid, nickel fluoride, iron fluoride, cobalt fluoride, manganese fluoride, chromium fluoride, zirconium fluoride, niobium fluoride, copper fluoride, vanadium fluoride, titanium fluoride, zinc fluoride, aluminum fluoride, gallium fluoride, boron trifluoride, ammonium fluoride, lithium fluoride, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide or lithium sulfide. The pH adjusting agent is made of ammonia aqueous solution, carbon dioxide or hydroxyl group. A reducing atmosphere of nitrogen gas or argon gas is produced.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The compounds used in manufacturing olivine type anodic active material are optionally selected from citrate, phthalate, acetate, acetylacetonate, acrylate, formate, oxalate, alkoxide, acetyl acetone, iron ethylenediammonium sulfate, titanium bis (ammonium lactato)dihydroxide, magnesium monoperoxyphthalate, aluminum phenoxide, boron trifluoride, diethyl etherate, bismuth neodecanoate or boron trifluoride-propanol. A carbon precursor is made of sucrose, glucose, colloidal carbon, citric acid, tartaric acid, glycolic acid, polyacrylic acid, adipic acid or glycine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic binder is made of raw material selected from oxide titanium, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, boric oxide, bismuth oxide, sodium oxide or zinc oxide or their mixture. The additive is selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, antimony trioxide, antimony peroxide, manganese oxide, bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, titanium, molybdenum, calcium sulfide or zinc sulfide. The anti-diffusion agent is selected from phosphorus, phosphorus oxychloride, silver phosphate, tirphenylphosphate, phosphorus sulfide, phosphorus chloride, bromine cargo phosphorus, phosphoenolpyruvic acid monopotassium salt or phosphonomethyl glycine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The thermosetting resin layer contains urea resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, or silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The ester compound has boiling point of 140 degrees C or more under atmospheric pressure. Preferred Compound: The ester compound is of formula (1) CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1.n=5-12;andm=1-3.Preferred Composition: The electrolyte layer contains non-aqueous gel electrolyte including (in weight%) ester compound (5 or less, preferably 10 or less) and 3-5C cyclic alkylene carbonate as solvent. Preferred Process: The lithium secondary battery is dischargeable in 30 minutes or more at high temperature of 140 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The separator is porous polyolefin resin having melting point of 140 degrees C or more. The porous polyolefin resin is porous polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The electroconductive material is carbon material, and has three-dimensional continuous structure. The noble metal contains platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The amino acid is basic amino acid, preferably histidine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The carbon material is obtained by baking conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanoparticles of the metal oxide e.g. titanium oxide and zirconium oxide, are dispersed in the polymer matrix.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer matrix is made of polyacrylic polymer or polyurethane polymer. The polymer matrix is a mixture of polyacrylate copolymers or polymers containing an acrylic monomer with a specific formula comprising hydrogen or methyl group or saturated hydrocarbon chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The resin comprises (wt.%) 618 epoxide resin (30), SK3 epoxide resin (30), or 2124 phenolic resin (40).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Additionally, the total amount of polymer additive in liquid electrolyte is 0.1-10% of quality parts of liquid electrolyte. The polymer additive is polymer with polymerization degree of 50-10000. Preferred Composition: The alkaline electrolyte solution comprises water, hydrate, phosphate and fluoride. The water is de-ionized water, distilled water or ionized water. The hydrate has free alkalinity that concentration is 3-10 mol/l in alkaline electrolyte solution. The hydrate is selected from mixture with one or more than one of sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide. The concentration of phosphate in alkaline electrolyte is 0.05-0.25 mol/l and phosphate is selected from mixture with one or more than one of sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, lithium phosphate. The phosphate radical of said phosphate is univalence, bivalence or trivalence with concentration of fluoride in alkaline electrolyte is 0.01-5 mol/l and fluoride is selected from mixture with one or more than one of sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, potassium fluoride. The polymer additive is selected from mixture with one or more than one of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic ester, poly-acrylate, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid ester, polymethacrylate, polyether polymer, polyacrylic acid amine polymer, polyethylene ketopyrrolidine, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharide. The polyacrylic ester is polyacrylic acid hydroxy ethyl. The poly-acrylate is polyacrylic acid sodium. The polymethacrylic acid ester is polymethacrylic acid hydroxy ethyl. The polymethacrylate is polymethacrylic acid sodium. The polyether polymer is polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or mixture of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. The polyacrylic acid amine polymer is polyacrylamide, poly (N-isopropylacrylicamide) or mixture of polyacrylamide and poly(N-isopropylacrylicamide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Additionally, the protonizing assistant agent is water, imidazole, pyridine or benzoglioxaline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The preparation method for hyper-branched poly-fluorene materials comprises taking 1,3,5-meta-tribromobenzen or tri-(4-bromobenzene) amine as branched nucleus; taking 2,7-dibromo-9,9 dioctyl fluorene and 2,7-diboroester-9,9 dioctyl fluorene as main materials of branched arms; respectively inducting large volume of 9,10-dibromoanthrancene and 2,7-dibromo-fluorene-9,9-xanthene (fluorene-9,9-xanthene) having orthogonal structure, which both have high space steric hindrance effect as branched arms doped materials; through Suzuki coupling reaction for preparation; the reacting materials are corresponding branched nucleus and branched arm materials; the potassium carbonate (K2CO3) solution which is processed by toluene and nitrogen is the reacting solution; tetra(triphenyl phosphor) palladium serves as catalyst; Aliquat 336OF 0.5-1% quality points serves as phase-transfer catalyst; with protection of nitrogen, reacting 60-72 hours at 72-74 degrees C; adding palladium catalyst and end capping agent to carry out end capping reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The module comprises a glass-glass module.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first or second electrical lead comprises a flat aluminum wire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The housing comprises injection molded plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The heat radiation base is formed of magnesium, nickel, iron, magnesium-zirconium alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy, nickel-titanium alloy, or manganese-copper-nickel alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The reactor core is affixed to the heat radiation base using a silicon adhesive agent or an epoxy adhesive agent (5). The resin molded body is formed of an epoxy resin or a urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solute comprises sodium chloride (NaCl), aluminium chloride (A1Cl3) and lithium chloride (LiCl).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesion layer is made of a polymer material (preferably rubber). The membrane comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The electrolyte membrane is alternately formed using a fluid composition comprising one or more monomers capable of polymerizing to form a proton-conducting polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium boron tetrafluoride, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, lithium bis-trifluoromethane sulfonimide, Bis (pentafluoroethane)sulfonimide lithium, lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide, lithium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, lithium aluminum tetrachloride, lithium chloride or lithium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The non-aqueous organic solvent has a solvent, which is selected from ester, ether or ketone. The chain carbonate is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di propyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate or ethyl propyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is selected from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate or 2,3-pentylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive particles include the metal powder, which is selected from gold, platinum, silver, hydrargyrum, copper, nickel, iron or aluminum. The conductive particles also includes the semiconductor oxide, which is selected form stannic oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, tungsten oxide, indium oxide, cadmium, selenium, cadmium sulfide or barium titanate . The conductive substrates are made of indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The metal semiconductor layer is made of titanium dioxide, tin ash or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer electrolyte is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol or polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper salt compound is copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper chloride or copper hydroxide, preferably copper nitrate. The copper selenide has compositional formula: CuSe2. The solar-cell module contains copper-indium-gallium selenide-type absorber comprising copper selenide particles as raw material. Preferred Condition: The admixture is heated at 120-160 degrees C. Preferred Method: The copper-indium-gallium selenide-type absorber is obtained by reacting gallium selenide particle, copper selenide particles and indium selenide particles. The indium selenide particles are obtained by reacting indium salt compound and selenite. Preferred Property: The copper selenide has particle diameter of 10 nm to 2 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solvent is polyol compound chosen from polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol. EXAMPLE - Cupric nitrate (3.75 g) and selenious acid (5.16 g) were mixed with polyethylene glycol (200 ml) under argon atmosphere, heated at 160 degrees C and dried, to obtain copper selenide crystals (3.1 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprises fluorine-based polymer, benzimidazole-type polymer, polyimide-type polymer, polyetherimide-type polymer, polyphenylene sulfide-type polymer, polysulfone-type polymer, polyether sulfone-type polymer, polyether ketone-type polymer, polyether-ether ketone-type polymer, polyphenyl quinoxalin-type polymer and/or their copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metal complex comprises ruthenium, osmium, iron, or optionally substituted polypyridyl ligands. The electron acceptor is chosen from inorganic metal complexes, organic molecules and simple ions, preferably hydrogen (H+) ionic group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: An electron donor is hydrazine, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), o-tolidine dihydrochloride, violuric acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, sodium 3-hydroxy-4-nitrosonaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate (NNS), promazine, squaric acid, water, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), iodine (I-), ascorbic acid, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, sodium dithionite, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The several carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a charged dispersant such as polymer. The polymer is chosen from nucleic acids, polypeptides, and peptide nucleic acids. The dispersed carbon nanotubes are single walled nanotubes. The aqueous- medium is solution, gel or film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The spring material (13) is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon or polyethylene having the ability of absorbing methanol more than that of absorbing water. The methanol absorbing material (24) is polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is mixture of inorganic salt and polarity non-proton transmission solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent for polyethylene glycol and zinc chloride is N, N-dimethylacetamide. The alkylcellulose is optionally substituted by polyphenylene oxide, polymethyl siloxane or cellulose acetate. The cellulose is crystallite cellulose, cotton cellulose, paper, micro-grain cellulose and cross-linking cellulose, preferably crystallite cellulose or cross-linking cellulose. The cellulose is cross-linked by hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon is 5-12C alkylidene. The hydrophobicity polymer alkyl cellulose is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble evocating agent includes ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate or peroxide. The oxidation reduction evocating agent includes sodium bisulfite or ferrous sulfate. Preferred Composition: The evocating agents is present at 0.5-1.5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The polyvinyl alcohol or ethylidene ether has degree of polymerization of 1700-2400 and degree of hydrolysis of 50-99. Preferred Component: The graft comonomer is greater than or equal to 2 olefins of formula CHR1=CR2R3, or olefin and/or hydrocarbon of methane series of epoxy group.R1=-H or -CH3;R2=R1 or -COOLi;andR3=-COOLi, -CONH2, -CONHCH3, -Ph, -OCOCH3, -COO(CH2)3CH3, -COOCH2CH(Et)(CH2)3CH3 or -CN.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Polymerization reaction is at 40-60 degrees C for 15-20 hours. Preferred Composition: The polymer latex comprises 10-20% solid. Positive plate of lithium ion battery comprises aqueous binder of 2-8, preferably 4-6%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic dyes is mixtures of phthalo blue, grouping phthalo blue, phthalo green, hansa red, and resorcinolphthalein. The ultraviolet absorber is azimino-benzene or benzophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The black polyester main materials comprise 50-90 wt.% polyester slices, 7-20 wt.% carbon black, 1-8 wt.% silicon dioxide, 1-4 wt.% organic dyes, and 1-3 wt.% ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester master batch comprises silicon dioxide (1-7%), titania (23-40%), and UV absorbent (1-3%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The UV absorbent is azimino-benzene or benzophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester master batch comprises polyester chip (50-75%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: NR3 is trialkyl tertiary amine, N-alkyl morpholine and its ramification, N-alkyl piperidine and ramification, pyridine and its ramification, N-alkyl imidazole and its ramification, quinoline and its ramification, pyrazine and its ramification, thiazole and its ramification, pyrrole and its ramification, oxazole and ramification ita, pyridine and its ramification, indole and its ramification, pteridine and its ramification, or acridine and its ramification; X- in inorganic salt can be Cl-, Br-, I-, Al2Cl7-, BF4-, PF6-, CH3COO-, CF3SO3O-, (CF3SO2)2N-, C4F9SO3-, C3F7COO-, CF3COO-, SbF6-, (CF3SO2)3C-, (C2F3SO2)3C-, (C2F5SO2)2N-, AsF6-, CB11H12-, (CN)2N-, NO3-, and saccharin sodium anion. The precipitator is ether or acetone. The ring-opening polymerizing catalyzer can be BF3asteriskO(CH2CH3)2 system, alkyl metal system, tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4)-CF3COOH system and dual metal reforming catalyst system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The barrier layer is made up of silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The welding material of electrode is made of silver or aluminum. The lower substrate includes non-conductor such as copper, iron and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrode interconnection is coated with an electrical insulating layer that is selected from a group consisting of polycarbonate, acrylic resin, acetal resin, polyamide, polyimide polyacryl sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide and chlorinated polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The former compound is selected from lithium nonane fluoro dodecaborate, 1,4-dimethoxy tetra fluoro benzenes or 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro benzo-1,4-dioxane. The latter compound is selected from 2,3,5,6-tetra fluoro-p-xylenes, 3-bromo-4-methoxybenzonitrile, 2,4,6-tribromoanisole, 4-methylbenzonitrile, 2,3,5,6- tetra fluoro anisole, 2,3,4,5,6-penta fluoro anisoles, 4-nitroanisole, 4-bromo-2-nitroanisole, t-amylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, 2-fluoro-1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene, fluorobenzene, 1-fluoro-4-methylbenzene, 1-fluoro-3-methylbenzene, benzene or 1-bromo-4-ethyl benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid of natural binder is selected from arcrylate or malate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfonated group is selected from styrene sulfonic acid, methylpropene sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl methacrylate, sulfoethylmethacrylate, sulfobutyl ethacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfoethyl acrylate or sulfobutyl acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-based polymer is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluroethylene or poly (difluoroethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polyethylene-terephthalate film is biaxial stretching polyethylene-terephthalate film having apparent density of 1.37-0.85 g/cm3. Preferred Properties: The film has whiteness of 75% or more, and permeation value of steam of 2 g/m2/24Hr/0.1 mm or less, based on JIS Z0208-73.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The outer layer further contains additive chosen from cross-linking adjuvant, silane coupling agent, UV-absorber, optical stabilizer and antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar cell consists of any one of gallium-indium-phosphide, gallium-arsenide and germanium-copper-indium-gallium-sulphur-selenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell consists of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The transition metal of transition metal oxide is chosen from titanium, tantalum, niobium, ruthenium, manganese, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, and cobalt. Preferred Material: The composite material has a structure in which the nanosheet is stacked at random or it is rounded off. Preferred Cation: The cation is proton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte membrane contains hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte. The hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte contains a block copolymer containing repeating unit having ion exchange group, and repeating unit that does not contain ion exchange group. A catalyst ink containing a catalyst, fluorine-type water repellent, hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte and a solvent is used for forming the cathode catalyst layer. The solvent is selected from water or hydrophilic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of organic boron compound and oxygen-containing organic polymer compound of polyethylene oxide group is 0.5-3:3. The molar ratio of oxygen atom and alkali metal atom in alkali metal electrolyte salt is 5-20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyurethane is 5-40 wt.% with respect to electrolyte. The oxygen-containing organic polymer compound of polyethylene oxide group is polyalkylene oxide dimethyl ether. The polyalkylene oxide dimethyl ether is obtained by substituting methoxide in both terminal of polyalkylene oxide. Preferred Property: The ion-conductive boron polymeric composite electrolyte film has ionic conductivity of 10-3 S/cm or more at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The foaming component is carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cleaning liquid contains alcohol (preferably methanol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The metal of insulating metal oxide is chosen from alumina, silica, magnesia, titania and zirconia. Preferred Composition: The negative electrode contains graphite, tin, element (A) chosen from cobalt, iron, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, cerium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, bismuth and silicon, and element (B) chosen from boron, carbon, aluminum and phosphorus. The positive electrode contains lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing cobalt, nickel, manganese and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte contains cyclic carbonate derivative having halogen atom, preferably 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one and/or 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous insulating layer further contains polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene rubber and carboxymethylcellulose. The negative electrode further contains synthetic rubber formed using copolymer of 1,3-buradiene, and carbon fiber. The component (a) is chosen from polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, aramid, polyimide and polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation gasket is made of thermoplastic fluroresin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metals: The metal (M) is preferably palladium. The metal (A) and (B') are transition metals chosen from titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic compound is porphyrin derivative, phthalocyanine derivative, salen derivative, nitrile derivative, pyridine derivative and/or phenanthroline derivative. Preferred Gas: The mixture is baked under hydrogen or inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Modification raw material is liquid fuel e.g. kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of copper oxide is preferably 30-37 wt.% with respect to total amount of oxides. The content of zinc oxide is 0.7-0.9 times the content of copper oxide. The content of complex oxide of yttrium and zirconium is 35-50 wt.% with respect to total amount of oxides. The molar fraction of content of yttrium and total amount of yttrium and zirconium is 0.2-0.6. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of copper oxide, zinc oxide and complex oxide of zirconium and yttrium is 25 nm or less, 25 nm or less and 5 nm or less, respectively. The oxides are supported to inorganic fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The bottoms of the digester body (2) and the storing fermentation bag (4) are inclined, i.e. the feeding side is higher, and the discharging side is lower. The pull rod (17) of the labor-saving slag separator (7) is connected with rubber U-shaped valve (22) through the pull rod locating plate (19), the rubber U-shaped valve (22) is installed in PVC pipe (23), a fixed screw (20), a valve washer (21) are arranged on and under the rubber U-shaped valve (22), and the pull rod (17) is provided with a plug for inserting a bolt (18). Also, the pull rod (17) is connected with the valve (27) through the drain pipe (24), the valve (27) is installed in PVC three-way pipe (26), and connecting teeth (25) are provided on the pull rod (17). The three-way pipe (26) is made from PVC materials, the valve (27) is made from rubber, plastic, PVC material, high molecular composite material or stainless steel corrosion resistant materials. The drain pipe (24) is made from PVC materials, and the caliber is 75-82 mm. The clapboard (33) divides the inside of the four-in-one watery safety valve (10) into a watery pot and a hydraulic pot, a water passage (32) is in the middle, the watery pot is provided with a biogas feed pipe (35), the hydraulic pot is provided with a vent, outlet (29), a hydraulic pressure regulating plug (30), the vent of the one-way air intake valve (28) is connected with the watery pot, and the distance from the opening of the vent-pipe (31) to the bottom of the hydraulic pot is 0.8-1.3 cm. The booster transporting device comprised of a booster plate (37) and a booster spring (38) is installed on the storing bag (11), one end of the booster spring (38) is connected with the power supply switch (39), and the other end is grounded and the transporting display comprised of light-emitting diodes (41).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bond layer is made of ethyl vinyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar cell units are made of amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cathode is immersed in a culture solution inoculated with non-photosynthesizing bacterium, particularly iron protoxide thiobacillus, for oxidizing ferrous ion to ferric ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor optical catalyst is natural semiconductor mineral or its modified blend, particularly titanium dioxide (TiO2)-zinc blend or TiO2-graphite blend. The titanium oxide-graphite blend is prepared by mixing natural TiO2 powder and acetylene black at 9:1 weight ratio; adding ethanol as solvent; ultrasonically vibrating; adding PTFE latex dropwise; stirring the mixture until a thick paste; rolling into thin film on graphite plate electrode; and drying naturally. The electron acceptor is oxygen in the air, where outer side of cathode is exposed to atmospheric air while inner side is contacted with electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A cathode chamber and an anode chamber are separated by a proton-exchange film or connected through salt bridge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron donor is ascorbic acid, ethanol, sulfite, hypophosphite, triethylamine, methyl viologen, waste oil, organic waste water, or organic waste filtered liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer compound is also three of nine compounds, e.g. group of formulae (II), (III) or (V).A,B1=monomeric units including methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, styrene, ethylene carbazole or acrylic acid;andm,n,t=number of chain units of polymer. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=OMe, Me or H;    R3=thienyl, H or Ph;    R4=Me, H or Ph;and    R5=Me or Ph.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The application comprises (a) preparing positive plate: organic polymer compound having thioether bond is made as active material, active material, conductive agent and bond are mixed with weight proportion of 4-7:0.1-4:2-3, then mulled, rolled and molded, conductive agent is soot carbon, bond is polyfluortetraethylene or polyethylene glycol oxide; (b) electrolyte is double perpolyfluocarbon imine lithium sulfonic and/or perpolyfluocarbon imine lithium sulfonic; and (c) solution is mixture of dioxane, dioxolane and dimethoxyethane, where use quantity weigh ratio is 0.1-2:6-7:2-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electronically-insulating, lithium ion-conducting, lithium-stable, solid electrolyte is made of a material selected from lithium silicates, lithium borates, lithium aluminates, lithium phosphates, lithium phosphorus oxynitrides, lithium silicosulfides, lithium borosulfides, lithium aluminosulfides, and lithium phosphosulfides. The electrolyte is made of Lipon (RTM: secondary electrolyte). The lithium-containing cathode material is selected from lithium vanadate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, and lithium cobaltate. The electrolyte bath is a container comprising an electrolyte solution selected from lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate (LiClO4-PC), lithium heaxafluorophosphate-ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (LiPF6-EC-DMC), and lithium tetrafluoroborate-ethylmethyl carbonate (LiBF4-EMC).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is comprised of a material stainless steel, iron, gold, copper, transition metals that do not form intermetallic compounds with lithium, and glass or a plastic onto which an electrically-conductive film has been deposited.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The noble metal is platinum, and the base metal is iron. Preferred Property: The catalyst metallic particles have average particle diameter of 3-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high nickel-content steel alloy comprises HASTELLOY C276 (RTM: Nickel(54%)-molybdenum(16%)-chromium(15%) alloy), HASTELLOY C22 (RTM: Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy), HASTELLOY C2000 (RTM: Nickel-chromium-molybdenum-copper), HASTELLOY B3 (RTM: Nickel-iron-chromium alloy), and HASTELLOY 242 (RTM: Nickel-molybdenum(25%)-chromium(8%) alloy).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric endplate comprises a polyimide composite. The proton conducting electrolyte comprises polybenzimidazole loaded with phosphoric acid. The dispersion comprises DAG EB-023 (RTM: Semi-colloidal graphite in a thermoset binder), and DAG EB-030 (RTM: semi-colloidal graphite in a thermoset polyamide-imide binder). The polyimide composite comprises AVIMID-N (RTM: Carbon-fiber/polyimide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heteropoly acid comprises a compound including at least one anion, which is a metal complex compound of formulae (PMo12O40)3-, (PW12O40)3-, (GeMo12O40)4-, (GeW12O40)4-, (P2W18O62)6-, (SiW12O40)4-, (PMo11O39)7-, (P2Mo5O23)6-, (H2W12O40)6- and/or (PW11O39)7-. The heteropoly acid is present at 0.0001-5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a mixture of the fuel, water, and hydrogen peroxide, where the heteropoly acid is present at 0.001 parts to 1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a mixture of the fuel, water, and hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen peroxide is present at 25-35 wt.%. The hydrogen peroxide is present in an amount that is determined by that a ratio of a number of carbon of the fuel to a number of oxygen generated from hydrogen peroxide is 0.2-1.2, preferably 0.5-0.8. The fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): ethanol (33.5); hydrogen peroxide (57.8); and heteropoly acid (8.7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The backing sheet comprises silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, beryllium oxide, mica, clays, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and/or titanium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sheet includes carbon black and/or organic pigments. The sheet includes ethylene vinyl acetate layer or ionomer layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluoropolymer is a fluorocopolymer of chlorotrifluomethylene and alkyl vinyl ethers. The backing sheet comprises a crosslinking agent mixed with the fluorocopolymer. It includes a layer comprising polyester, polycarbonate, polyolefin, polyurethane, a liquid crystal polymer, Aclar(RTM: fluorinated-chlorinated resin), aluminum, sputtered aluminum oxide polyester, sputtered silicon dioxide polyester, sputtered aluminum oxide polycarbonate, and/or sputtered silicon dioxide polycarbonate. The layer comprising the crosslinking agent mixing with the fluorocopolymer is applied to the polyester layer without adhesive. The sheet comprises a layer of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hydrocarbon olefins with reactive hydroxide functionality. It includes a layer comprising a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene. The formulation comprises a first component comprising a mixture of a crosslinker and a solvent, and a second component comprising a mixture of a solvent and fluorocopolymer. Preferred Property: The fluorocopolymer layer has a thickness of less than or greater than 1 mil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizer is lithium sulfite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is tri-n-butyl phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The manufacturing method of the polymer nanometer electrolytic solution comprises (a) adding gelata, stabilizer, complexing agent, and surface active agent into de-ionized water for mixing then putting into resonance energy generator for shaping nanometer structure in virgin glue to obtain A component; (b) diluting pure sulfite by de-ionized water to 50% and cooling to obtain B component; and (c) mixing A component and B component to obtain functional polymer nanometer electrolytic solution as milk white semi-transparent liquid. Preferred Components: The gelata is organo silicone. The complexing agent is polyacrylamide. Preferred Composition: In step (a), gelata, stabilizer, complexing agent, surface active agent, and water are mixed in ratio of 1:3 by wt.%. In step (c), A component and B component are mixed in ratio of 1:5 by wt.%. Preferred Parameters: In step (a), the particle size of nanometer structure in virgin glue is 8-15 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The copolymer is a block copolymer with a molecular weight of 1000-2000, and ethylene oxide unit and propylene oxide unit ratio of 0.1-9. The alkali metal salt is lithium chlorate (LiClO4), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium bis(oxalate) borate (LiB(C2O4)2), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) (LiN(SO2CF3)2), lithium trifluoromethane sulfone (LiSO2CF3), lithium bis(fluorosulfuryl) imide (LiN(SO2F)2), lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl) imide (LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2), or its mixtures. Preferred Composition: The mol ratio of copolymer and alkali metal salt according to oxygen/lithium (O/Li) is 6-100, preferably 6-40, and best 8-20. The inorganic oxide powder is 0-30% of gross wt. % of the copolymer and alkali metal salt. Preparation: The preparation of polymer electrolytic material comprises weighing copolymer and lithium salt according to mol ratio of oxygen/lithium (O/Li) which is 6-100, adding two substances into acetonitrile solvent for dissolution and dispersion for 1-24 hours, preferably, weighing inorganic oxide powder which is 0-30% of gross wt. % of the copolymer and alkali metal salt, then adding the three substances, into the acetonitrile solvent for dissolution and dispersion for 1-24 hours using ultrasonic sound to disperse for 0-30 minutes during dissolution and dispersion, and obtaining polymer electrolytic material by volatilizing solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Conductive agent is metal, carbon material, or ion conductive salt; the auxiliary agent is one or multiple kinds of coupling agent, flatting agent, tackifier, stabilizing agent, surface active agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is N-methyl-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: The base body of adhesive also comprises conductive agent taking approximately 0-5% of the base body in weight ratio and auxiliary agent taking approximately 0-5% of the base body in weight ratio. The conduction adhesive is approximately 0.1-10% of the mass ratio of the composition object; the other of it is electronic activity material. Preferred Components: The homopolymer or copolymer polymerized from at least one aromatic series monomer with conjugate structure is polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene. The homopolymer or copolymer of dissociated polarity group is polyepoxyethene, polyepoxypropylene, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid esters, or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic doping agent includes hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, iron trichloride, arsenic fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide. Preferred Property: The diameter of silicon particle is 20-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The conductive polymer containing inorganic doping agent and organic polymer is coated on the surface of silicon particles at polymerization condition using polymerizing solution including organic polymer precursor, solvent and surfactant. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of silicon particles and conductive polymer is 0.2-10:1. The organic polymer forms conductive macromolecule with the inorganic doping agent. The inorganic doping agent forms the conductive organic polymer. The organic polymer includes polyaniline, polypara-phenyl diamine, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polybutyl thiophene and/or polypara-methylidenephenyl. The organic polymer precursor comprises aniline, para-phenyl diamine, pyrrole, thiophene, 3-butylthiophene and/or benzene. The surfactant includes polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and/or polymethyl acrylate. The organic polymer precursor forms monomer for conductive polymer with inorganic doping agent during polymerization. The weight ratio of organic polymer precursor and silicon particle is 0.1-5:1. The weight of inorganic doping agent is 1-20 times with respect to organic polymer precursor. The weight of surfactant is 0.1-5 g with respect to one gram of silicon particles. Preferred Property: The conductivity of conductive polymer is more than 0.1 S/m, preferably 1-100 S/cm. The concentration of organic polymer precursor is 0.5-25 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The calixarene derivative includes polymerizable group. The polymerizable group is on the upper edge portion of the calixarene derivative. The calixarene-containing polymer is of formulae (1,2 and 3). The calixarene derivative is 5-acrylamide-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxyl(4)calixarene, 5-allyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxyl(4)calixarene or 5-ethyleneoxy-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxyl(4)calixarene.R1=group with active carbon-carbon double bond, preferably group with conjugated carbon-carbon double bond and carbonyl, more preferably propylene amido, allyl or ethyleneoxy;R2,R3=monomer with carbon-carbon double bond, preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bond or their derivative, fluoro olefin such as tetrafluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene or vinylidene fluoride, styrene, methyl methacrylate or vinyl acetate ester;p=0 to (j-1);j=4,6 or 8;m:n=(25-200):1;andl:m:n=(25-200):(25-200):1.Preferred Process: The calixarene derivative is dissolved in a solvent, polymerized with copolymerizable monomer, free radical initiator is added, stirred, argon gas is supplied, heated at 60-80 degrees C and refluxed, to obtain a reaction product. The obtained reaction product is washed using methanol, filtered, the deposit is re-crystallized using chloroform and methanol, dried and milled to obtain calixarene-containing polymer. Preferred Component: The solvent is chosen from chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and dichloroethane. The free radical initiator is chosen from benzoyl peroxide or azobis-isobutyronitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative ion surface active agent is fatty acid soap, alkyl sulphonate, alkyl phenyl sulphonate or its combination. The non-surface active agent is fatty acid polyethylene ester, polyvinyl alcohol or its combination. The surface active agent is polyvinyl alcohol. Alcoholysis degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 80-95% and the median degree of polymerization is 1500-3000. The disperse medium is water, alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, aldehyde, organic carboxylic acid ester, ketone or its combination. The alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propanetriol or its combination. Lithium compound is lithium carbonate, lithium sulphate, lithium sulfurous acid, lithium nitrates, lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, lithium sulphide, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, or its combination. Carbon material is black lead, intermediate phase carbon micro-sphere, carbon fibre, pyrolytic carbon, pitch-based carbon or its combination. Preferred Method: The suspension liquid is made by adding 0.01-50 weight parts lithium compound and 0.01-20 weight parts surface active agent into disperse medium, using 100 weight part of disperse medium as the standard. After contacting the carbon material with suspension liquid, composite carbon material is separated out, washed and dried. Preferred Parameters: Lithium compound has 0.01-100 micron average grain diameter. Carbon material has 5-50 microns average grain diameter. The weight ratio of the content of the carbon material and the content of the lithium component is 1:0.001-0.1, respectively. Preferred Conditions: The contact time of carbon material with suspension liquid is 0.5-200 hours. The contact temperature is 0-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Grain size of SiO2 is 100 mu M to 10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The micro-latex polymer method comprises adding surfactant, initiator, resorcinol and formaldehyde into the water solution, mixing the mixture to polymerize and reacts the mixture. Using liquid phrase to prepare alloy nano-particle comprises adding strong reducing agent and complexing agent into the water solution and using strong force to mix them to dissolve, after that, dipping salt solution to the above solution, sufficiently reacting the mixture, vacuum dying the mixture to obtain alloy nano-particle, the reducing agent used is one or mixture reagent of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or potassium borohydride (KBH4), the complexing agent used is citric acid. Preferred Conditions: The reaction temperature is 60-90 degrees C, and reaction time is 8-24 hr. Preferred Surfactants: The surfactant used is sodium laurylsulfate, hexadecyl ammonium bromide and polyvinyl pyrrolidine, and the initiator is sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The hydrocarbon type polyelectrolyte membrane contains a block copolymer including a block consisting of a repeating unit having an ion-exchange group, and a block consisting of a repeating unit not having an ion-exchange group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte of polymer electrolyte membrane is a block copolymer containing block (A) which has a repeating unit having ion-exchange group and block (B) having repeating unit which does not have ion-exchange group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous film made of a resin composition containing a polypropylene and a polyolefin other than polypropylenes. The porous layer laminated on one side of the porous film which have polyolefin resin as a main component from the particles which have precipitated calcium carbonate as a main component. The precipitated calcium carbonate is column shape, needle shape or spindle shape. The polyolefin other than the polypropylene is polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The molding layer consists of platinum and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base layer consists of resin selected from the group of cyclic olefinic resin, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, vinyl ether or fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic crystalline resin of support layer and scattering layer is thermoplastic polyester. The thermoplastic polyester is ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate component as main repeating unit. The particles are silica particle or melamine resin particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Materials: The substrate comprises glass or ceramic. The cover comprises high transmittance glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is copper(Cu)/zinc oxide(ZnO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The micro-lens comprises cylindrical lens or spherical lens. A vacuum layer is formed between the micro-formation and optical concentrator. Photosensitive electrodes facilitate photo-electrochemical water decomposition within the micro formations. Photovoltaic cells are mounted within the micro-formations and arranged to facilitate the generating of electricity when solar energy is focused on them. The micro-formation comprises a layer of thermoelectric material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The substrate comprises SU8 polymer photoresist material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The linear alkyl group is introduced at substitution position different from substitution position of organic group in cellulose structure. The organic group is introduced through ester bond or ether bond into position or carbon atom at sixth position of pyranose ring of cellulose, and second and third position of pyranose ring of cellulose. The organic group as porphyrin ring. The metal atom such as palladium is not coordinated to center of porphylin ring. The linear alkyl has 6-20C atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The face film comprises a blend of cyclic olefin copolymer and one or more of linear low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and polypropylene. The face film is a multilayer film, and is mono- or biaxially orientated. The plastic material composition of one layer of the multilayer film comprises 1-40 wt.% cyclic olefin copolymer; or 60-99 wt.% cyclic olefin copolymer. The adhesive layer comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is at least one catalyst metal selected from platinum (Pt), platinum cobalt (PtCo), and platinum ruthenium (PtRu) or a supported catalyst in which the catalyst metal is loaded on a carbonaceous support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material having stronger binding force to anions than the catalyst is pyrrole-based compound of formula (I) (preferably 5,5,10,10,15,15,20,20-octamethyl-porphyrinogene). The material having stronger binding force to anions than the catalyst is present in an amount of 0.05-0.5 pbw based on 1 pbw of the catalyst. The catalyst layer further comprises electrolyte. The electrolyte is phosphoric acid or 1-20C organic phosphonic acid. The binder (0.001-0.5 pbw based on 1 pbw of the catalyst) is at least one of poly(vinylidene fluoride), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroethylene copolymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or polyurethane.p,q,r,s=0 or 1;R1-R32=U1;Ra'-Rh'=U2;U1=hydrogen atom, halide, OH, 1-20C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 2-20C alkynyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-20C alkylaryl, nitro, formyl, 1-20C acyl, 1-20C hydroxyalkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 1-20C hydroxyalkoxy, 2-20C hydroxyalkenyl, 2-20C hydroxyalkynyl, 1-20C alkylcarboxyl, carboxyl, or amide;U2=hydrogen atom, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkylsulfone, 1-20C carboxyalkyl, 1-20C carboxyamidealkyl or 6-20C aryl.Provided that when p, q, r, and s are 0, then R1-R16 are U1 and Ra'-Rd' is U2; when p is 1 and q, r, and s are 0, then R1-R20 are U1 and Ra'-Re' are U2; when p, and q are 1 and r, and s are 0, then R1-R24 are U1 and Ra'-Rf' are U2; when p, q, and r are 1, and s is 0, then R1-R28 are U1 and R1'-Rg' are U2; and when p, q, r and s are 1, then R1-R32 are U1 and Ra'-Rh' are U2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The ceramic material comprises alumina, silica, zirconia, zeolite, magnesia, titanium dioxide, and barium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alkylene oxide comprises ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polymer of alkylene oxide or its copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The binder material comprises a polymer of acrylate or methacrylate, preferably butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, or their copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first binder contains polytetrafluoroethylene, denatured polytetrafluoroethylene, a tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene copolymer or a denatured tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The second binder contains polyvinylidene fluoride or denatured polyvinylidene fluoride. The positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode material mixture layer is a compound of lithium-aluminum-cobalt-oxide (LiNixCoy Al1-x-yO2), where x is 0.7-1 and y is 0-0.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insert is made of polypropylene and the port is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder or matrix material comprises ceramic, glass, metal, carbon, polymeric carbon, asphalt, tar, coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch and/or mesophase pitch. The exfoliated graphite comprises exfoliated natural graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite oxide, graphite fluoride and/or chemically modified graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder or matrix material comprises unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyimide resins, bismaleimide resins, polyurethane resins, thermoplastic resins and/or pyrolyzed resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric layers include silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), glass, or ceramic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The film is formed on a zinc oxide seed layer. The whisker-like particles are particles in the shape of whiskers, needles, bars, or rods. The substrate is metal or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is a polymer substrate. It is in the form of a plate, particles, fibers, or has a complex shape. The reaction solution system includes hexamethylenetetramine, ethylenediamine or ammonia, polyethyleneimide, amino group-bearing polymer, or amino group-bearing monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The first and/or second unipolar plates are formed from metal, graphite, or composite material. The first and second unipolar plates are formed from stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The nodes are formed from a weld (preferably spot weld), solder joint, braze joint, and/or adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic material comprises magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, or stabilized zirconia. The thermoplastic extrusion composition further comprises pore-forming material having a particle size distribution of 0.1-200 mu m; metal oxide (preferably stabilized zirconia); and electrically conductive material such as anode material, cathode material, interconnect material and catalyst for use in fuel cell. The sintered green body is porous to fuel and/or oxidant used in fuel cell. A gas-impermeable coating is deposited on portion(s) of gas delivery substrate. The thermoplastic extrusion composition contains greater than or equal to 25 vol.% thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The surface area of perforations is less than 5% of a surface area of module. The diameter of each of perforations is less than 3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The transfer substrate is selected from ethylene or tetrafluoroethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The transfer substrate is selected from poly tetrafluroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy copolymer or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The proton conductive group is selected from sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group or phosphate group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Adhesive: The adhesive agent is an anisotropic electroconductive adhesive film formed by curing epoxy adhesive containing electroconductive particles (30 wt.% or less).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred compound: The sealing component of the fuel cell stack is formed of resin chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacryl imide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyurethane, silicon, fluororesin, polybutylene terepthalate, polyethylene terepthalate, polyethylene napthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polyether ketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyether nitrile, modified polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyallylate, polyamidoimide, polyether imide and thermoplastic polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The durometer hardness of the sealant as specified by the industrial standard JISK 6253 is A30-A90.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The sealant comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacryl imide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyurethane, silicone, fluororesin, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polyether ketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyether nitrile, modified polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyamidoimide, polyether imide and/or thermoplastic polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The structural unit containing protecting group is of formula (I or II, Preferably III).Ar1-Ar4=arbitrary groups;R1-R3=H and alkyl, and arbitrary alkylene;E=O or S;andn=1-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The manufacture of polymeric material further involves removing solvent from polymeric molding. Preferred Composition: The polymeric material is aromatic polyether ketone type polymer, and contains an ionic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The indium hydroxide material is formed using a self-assembled monolayer having zeta potential. The self-assembled monolayer is aminopropyltriethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer. Preferred substrate: The substrate is glass, silicon, metal, ceramic or polymeric substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sheet: The fiber sheet consists of polyolefin group non-woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is ascorbic acid, formaldehyde, formic acid, sodium borohydride and/or hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The content of unreacted isocyanate group in carbodiimide compound is 0.5 mass% or less. The carbodiimide compound having weight average molecular weight of 100-10000 is formed by polymerization of diisocyanate compound. The unreacted isocyanate group is modified by urethane group-containing group and/or ureylene group-containing group. The carbodiimide compound is of formula: R1-R3-(N=C=N-R3)n-N=C=N-R3-R2 (I).R1,R2=-NHCONH2, -NHCONHR4, -NHCONR4R5 and/or -NHCOOR6, preferably -NHCOOR6;R4,R5=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hydroxyalkyl group, each optionally having substituent;R6=H or (alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hydroxyalkyl)optionally having substituent, preferably 1-10C hydroxyalkyl group optionally having substituent;R3=alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene or aralkylene interrupted by arylene, each optionally having substituent, preferably phenyl group-containing compound of formula (II);R4=H or alkyl;m=1-4;andn=1 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The sealing film contains 0.05-2 mass parts of carbodiimide compound and further contains 0.1-2 mass parts of organic peroxide with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer. The content of polar monomer in ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is 20-35 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The sulfonic acid liquid crystal polymer material is of formula: -(CH2-C(-R1)(-A-O-Z-O-B'-S(=O)(=O)-OH)-)n-. The phosphonic acid group-containing material is of formula: H3C-A-O-Z-O-B'-P(=O)(-OH)-OH.R1=H or methyl, preferably methyl;A=alkylene, -C6H4-CH2-, -CO-O(CH2)m-, or -CO-, preferably -CO-O(CH2)m-;B'=alkylene, preferably -(CH2)a;Z=mesogenic group, preferably biphenyl group of formula (2 or 3);A'=-(CH2)b-;B"=-(CH2)c-;n=2 or more;m,b,c=1 or more, preferably 3-10 and more preferably 7-18;anda=3 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The heating component consists of metal fiber group capable of being heated by electromagnetic induction. The metal fiber is molded by cutting off the axial direction end surface of a metal plate coil. The metal plate coil in which a metal thin plate is wound in the metal fiber group is rotated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface of inorganic microparticles comprises metal, metal oxide, alloy or semiconductor. The functional group has sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen atom. The inorganic microparticles are lithium ion electroconductivity glass ceramics. Preferred Property: The inorganic microparticles have average particle diameter of 1-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric-inorganic microparticles composite material comprises crystalline polymer having ion electroconductivity. The polymeric-inorganic microparticles composite material is electrolyte, or amorphous form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cation is chosen from magnesium ion, calcium ion, strontium ion, barium ion or aluminum ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The ion exchange capacity of proton conducting membrane is 0.5-3 meq/g. Preferred Components: Nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring is derived from pyrrole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, imidazole, imidazoline, imidazolidine, pyrazole, 1,3,5-triazine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, tetrazole, tetrazine, triazole, carbazole, acridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, indolizine, isoindole, 3H-indole, 2H-pyrrole, 1H-indazole, purine, phthalazine, naphthyridine, cinnoline, pteridine, carboline, phenanthridine, perimidine, phenanthroline, phenazine, phenarsazine, phenothiazine, furazan, phenoxazine, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, piperidine, piperazine, indoline, isoindoline, quinuclidine and their derivatives. The proton conducting membrane has a repeating unit of formula (3).A and D=direct bond, -CO-, - SO2-, -SO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -(CF2)l-, -C(CF3)2-, -(CH2)l-, -C(CR'2)2-, - O- or -S-;B=O or S;R1-R16=H, F, alkyl, alkyl halide, allyl, aryl, nitro, nitrile;s, t=0-4;u=0 or more; andR'=(cyclic) hydrocarbon. Preferred Definitions:    Y=-CO- or -SO2-;    W, Z=direct bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -O- or -S-;    p, q=0-2; and    r=1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is block copolymer or graft copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound containing 3 group element is alkoxy-containing compound of formula (1): R1-M1(-R3)-R2, and compound containing 4 group element is alkoxy-containing compound of formula (2): R5-M2(-R4)(-R6)-R7. The electrolyte salt of lithium ion secondary cell comprises lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6).M1=3 group element of period table;R1-R7=alkoxy having substituent chosen from halogen, RfSO3-, (RfSO2)2N- and (RfSO2)3C-;andRf=hydrogen or hydrocarbon substituted by fluorine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinyl acetal or its derivative(s) is a composition containing 65 mol% or more of vinyl formal units and 20 mol% or less of vinyl alcohol units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The carbon granule is active carbon granule, carbon soot granule, or carbon nanometer-tube granule. Preferred Compounds: The semiconductor granule is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, tantalum pentaoxide, niobium pentaoxide, tin dioxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, hafnium oxide, strontium oxide, indium oxide, vanadium pentaoxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, magnesium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gadolinium oxide, strontium titanium oxide, zinc sulfide, lead sulfide, or cadmium sulfide granule. The conductive substrate is conductive glass whose surface has fluorine-doped tin dioxide or indium oxide-doped tin film. A reducing agent comprises formic acid, sodium thiosulfate, sodium borohydride, and potassium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: A metal in the metal granule is an alloy of gold, silver, platinum, copper, zinc, tin, nickel, iron, iridium, ruthenium, or indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dye layer contains photoactivated dye comprising ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, porphyrinate complexes, phthalocyanines complexes, and non-metal organic dye. The reducing agent comprises formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine containing resin is homopolymer of vinylidene chloride, tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene or its copolymers. The modified resin is polyvinylidene chloride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene resin modified by carboxy, sulfonic, aziridine, isocyanate, epoxy, amido, hydroxyl or active methylene. The fluorine containing polymer layer comprises inorganic filler of titanium, aluminum, tin or silicon. The solvent is toluene, butanone, ethyl acetate and/or butyl acetate. Preferred Property: The fluorine containing polymer layer has a thickness of 25-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Dibromo perylene-containing compound of formula (4) or diiodo perylene-containing compound of formula (5) and dibutoxy-aryl alkyne-containing compound of formula (6) or fluorene-alkyne-containing compound of formula (7) are subjected to Sonogasira coupled reaction in toluene and isopropyl amine solution using cuprous iodide and triphenyl phosphorus palladium as catalyst under nitrogen atmosphere, to obtain crude polymer. Then, the crude polymer is treated with methanol and acetone Soxhlet extraction, to obtain perylene imide-aryl alkyne-containing polymer.R1,R2,R4,R5,x=same as defined above.Preferred Component: The dehydrobenzene or fluoreneethyne is connected to amide of perylene imide in perylene imide-aryl alkyne-containing polymer of formulae (I) and (II) and dehydrobenzene or fluoreneethyne is connected to perylene imide at bay-position in perylene imide-aryl alkyne-containing polymer of formulae (III) and (IV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic filling material is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide (A12O3), titanium dioxide, ferric oxide and/or zirconia. The content of inorganic filling material in electrolyte film is 10-40%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, carbonic acid vinyl ester, propylene carbonate ester, methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and carbonic acid ester, and the content of plasticizer in electrolyte film is 20-70%. The organic impregnant material is acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, isobutyl alcohol, N-methyl-2-pyrrollidone, N-dimethyl formamide and/or ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polymer material comprises polyvinyl difluoride, polyacrylic ester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate or multipolymer of acrylonitrile and/or acrylic acid. The content of hexafluoropropylene unit in multipolymer of bias-fluorothene and hexafluoropropylene is 2-25% of the polymerization unit. Preferred Film: The microporous film has polypropylene film at two sides and polyethylene film in middle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Property: The conjugated polymer has absorption spectrum absorption edge of 500 nm or more. Preferred Definitions:Ar=heterocyclic compound of heteroatom containing nitrogen and/or sulfur which is benzothiodiazole, napzothiodiazole, thiophene or thiophthene, preferably sulfur-containing group chosen from the formula (2-8).    R1-R6=alkyl, alkoxy, 1-20C alkoxyl oxygen phenyl or benzene ring group-containing of formula (9);    R3=H or CN;and    R1,R2=same as defined above.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium bistrifluoromethane sulfonilimide or lithium trifluoromethyl sulfonate. The steatite is lithium steatite. Preferred Properties: The mol ratio of ethylene oxide unit in polyethylene oxide powder and lithium ion in lithium salt is 8:1. The particle diameter of steatite is 0.3-0.8 mu m. The weight ratio of lithium salt and steatite is 4-6:1. Preferred Process: The steatite (in g) (1.5-3) having particle diameter of 0.05-10 mu m is added to acetonitrile (1 L) and mixed for 5-6 hours with velocity of 300-600 r/minute. To the mixture, lithium salt is added, and stirred for 1-2 hours with velocity of 300-600 r/minute to dissolve lithium salt. To the reacting mixture, polyethylene oxide powder is added, ultrasonically-dispersed for 20-30 minutes, stirred with velocity of 300-600 r/minute, stably-deposited for 1 hour, poured into the mold and dried for 24-28 hours to obtain the film. The mol ratio of ethylene oxide unit in polyethylene oxide powder and lithium ion in lithium salt is 7-9:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The principle chain is monomer of furodiazole, dibromobenzene, benzimidazole, naphthalene, triazole, thiazole, quinoline, quinoxaline or 8-hydroxy-quinoline. The luminescent main component is fluorene, benzene, p-styrene, thiophene or furodiazole or its derivative. Preferred Definitions:    M=europium, erbium, gadolinium, iridium, terbium, thulium or ytterbium;    X=pyridine, bi-pyridine, o-phenanthroline or its derivative;and    L=( beta )-dione, carboxylic acid, phenyl-pyridine, carboxylic ester or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is ethanol and/or acetone. The light anode material is 4-tert-butyl pyridine. The organic material is polyvinylidene fluoride, fluorothene hexafluoropropylene and/or polypropylene. Preferred Composition: The electrolytical mixture further comprises plasticizer (0.05-0.3 L) dissolved in the organic solvent. The plasticizer is propylene carbonate ester and/or carbonic acid vinyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic layer is made of ethyl vinyl acetate. Another of the layers is of poly vinyl chloride. A further layer, sandwiched between two poly vinyl chloride layers, is of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thin, stable, solid electrolyte layer is lithium silicates, lithium borates, lithium aluminates, lithium phosphates, lithium phosphorus oxynitrides, lithium silicosulfides, lithium borosulfides, lithium aluminosulfides or lithium phosphosulfides. The rapid-deposit solid electrolyte layers are solid inorganic materials consisting of sodium beta -alumina, Nascon(RTM: glass composite thick film) or Lisicon(RTM: ceramic solid electrolyte), lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium aluminum fluoride or lithium aluminum fluoride phosphate (Li1-xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3) where x is determined by the concentration of aluminum in compound. Preferred Properties: The thin, stable solid electrolyte layer is 10-100, preferably 50-100 nm thick. The rapid-deposit solid electrolyte layer is 650-1000, preferably 900-1000 nm thick.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rapid-deposit solid electrolyte layers are solid polymeric lithium-ion-conducting electrolyte materials consisting of polyethers, polyimines, polythioethers, polyphosphazenes, polyalkylene oxides, and polymer blends, mixtures, or copolymers, where electrolyte salt has optionally been added containing less than 20% liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sheet contains resin component such as ethylene-type copolymer resin or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Preferred Property: The sheet has cross-linking rate of 60% or more, and heating contraction of 30% or less at 75 degrees C as measured based on JIS C2318-1997 (5.3.4 dimensional changes).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The noble metal is platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alcohol is methanol and/or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The electroconductive material is a carbon material obtained by baking a conductive polymer. Preferred Property: The electroconductive material has three-dimensional continuous structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymer is a homo or copolymer consists of acrylamide monomer. The copolymer contains vinyl compounds. Preferred Conditions: The transition temperature is 50-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Heat conducting padding in (1) is alumina, magnesium oxide, berrylium oxide (BeO), aluminum nitride (AlN), or silicon carbide (SiC) of the inorganic padding. Preferred Parameters: The granularity of the padding is in range of 10 nm to 1 micron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Coupling agent is the coupling agent of silane sequence or the coupling agent of titanate. Cross-linking curing agent in (2) is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(peroxy-tert. butyl) hexane of the peroxide classification. The antioxidant in (3) is p-(4-hydroxyl-3,5-bi-tert. butyl phenyl) metacetonic acid o-octadecyl ester of the suffocate phenol classification. The UV light stabilizer in (3) is di(2,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine) sebacic acid ester of the suffocate amine classification. Preferred Composition: In the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grain in (2), the mass proportion of the segmer vinyl and the vinyl acetate in 1 molecule is 2: 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film is prepared by (1) mixing the heat conducting padding of 30-200 parts and the coupling agent 0-0.4 parts, drying, grinding and dispersing the mixture in order to obtain the active heat conducting padding; (2) mixing the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grain of 100 parts with the cross-linking curing agent of 0-0.4 part; (3) mixing the antioxidant of 0.1-1.0 parts, UV light stabilizer of 0.1-1.0 parts with active heat conducting padding prepared in (1); and (4) adding the mixture of (3) into the mixture of (2), mixing and protruding the mixture, controlling the temperature at 80-105 degrees C, and obtaining the film through the processes of casting, cooling, drawing and rolling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A portion of the electrolyte membrane that corresponds to the downstream side of the fuel-gas supply passage is made of fluorine resin and a portion of the electrolyte membrane that corresponds to the upstream side of the fuel-gas supply passage is made of hydrocarbon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The trays are made from a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The polymeric binder is chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene and perfluoroalkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrical insulating layer is made of an electrolytic material. The solid-state electrolyte is made of lithium-lanthanum-tantalum (Li5La3Ta2O12), lithium phosphorus oxynitride, lithium niobate, lithium nitride, beta -alumina, lithium-titanium-aluminum alloy (Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(P04)3), lithium tantalate, lithium germanium oxynitride, lithium orthotungstate, lithium superionic conductor, titanic acid, or zirconium oxide. The electrical insulating material is made of a polymer and/or an oxide from silicon oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, barium strontium titanate, lead zirconium titanate, silicon nitride (SiNx), or zinc oxide. At least one of the electrodes is adapted for storage of ions of hydrogen, lithium, beryllium, magnesium, copper, silver, aluminum, sodium or potassium; or carbon, tin, germanium, lead, zinc, bismuth or antimony, and, preferably doped with silicon. The substrate of the battery consists of silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The harmful substances comprise water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen or hydrogen chloride and the getter material comprises oxides of alkaline-earth metals, boron oxide, zeolites, carbon molecular sieves, hydroxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals or lithium salts (LiXOy), where X is zirconium, iron, nickel, titanium or silicon and y is 2-4, metal organic framework (MOF) suitably modified by the addition of aminic groups, and/or cobalt oxide, copper oxide, potassium permanganate, ternary alloys of zirconium, vanadium and iron, ternary alloys of zirconium, cobalt and rare earths, and metals or reduced or partially reduced metal oxides, where the metals are nickel, copper, iron and/or tin, and the reduced or partially reduced metal oxides are nickel oxide, copper oxide and/or iron oxide, magnesium oxide, palladium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium-vanadium-iron ternary alloys, zirconium-cobalt-rare earths ternary alloys. The oxide of an alkaline-earth metal is calcium oxide. The oxidation catalysts are platinum, palladium and rhodium. The oxidizing compound comprises potassium permanganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred components: The polymeric housing is made of polyolefins, fluorinated polymers, polytetrafluorethylene or ethyl-vinyl-acetate. The polyolefins are polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene or thermoplastic olefins (TPE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: A securing component secured to cover the opening portion of the battery case and sandwich the current collectors from both sides is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The rear cover of the enclosure comprises single paned glass, or double paned glass. The front light transmissive cover comprises low iron glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rear cover of the enclosure comprises multi-wall transparent extruded plastic. The front light transmissive cover comprises a high impact resistance material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive nanoparticles (0-5 wt.%) are graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, carbon balls, titanium black and/or iron oxide having a particle size of 0.01-1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low boiling point solvent is alcohol, ketone, hydrocarbon and/or amide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high boiling solvent is polyhydric alcohol, polyalkyleneglycol and/or monoalkylether derivative. The water-repellent polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene (0-5 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The flexible optically transparent cover is comprised of dopants of metals such as copper, cobalt, zinc or lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte control unit includes an electrolyte permeable layer that is permeable to the electrolyte discharge to dissipate energy from the electrolyte discharge. The electrolyte permeable layer includes a polymeric fiber structure. The electrolyte control unit has electrolyte absorption layer to contain the electrolyte discharge. The electrolyte absorption layer includes polypropylene structure.
EXAMPLE - The example illustrates hot preserving feature of a battery, which had pentafluorobenzene and non-aqueous organic solvent part per hundred part of resin at room temperature. The pentafluorobenzene was showing excellent hot preserving feature and low capacity retention rate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water repellent resin contains polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: A protective gas such as high purity nitrogen gas is used in manufacture of modified polyolefin diaphragm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Fiber: The reinforcing fiber is composite fiber of polypropylene core and polyethylene sheath. Preferred Composition: Modified polyolefin diaphragm further contains adhesive. The adhesive is chosen from polypropylene formate, polypropylene acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylic formate and/or polymethacrylic acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is mixture of inorganic salt and polar aprotic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The alkyl cellulose can be replaced by polyphenyl oxide, polymethyl methacrylate siloxane or cellulose acetate. The cellulose is microcrystalline cellulose, cotton fiber, paper, particle cellulose, or cellulose crosslinked with bridged hydrocarbon, preferably 5-10C alkyldiene bridge. The alkyl cellulose is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In step (1), the mass concentration of formic acid is 7% and weight proportion of chitosan is 2%. In step (2), the weight proportion of crylic-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropylsulphonic acid copolymer is 2%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The preparation method of chitosan and acrylic-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid copolymer mixed film comprises (1) dissolving chitosan by water solution of formic acid at 80 degrees C during stirring for 0.5-2 hours to form film casting solution; (2) adding acrylic-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid copolymer solution in film casting solution which is formic acid solution of chitosan and stirring at 80 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours to form homogeneous film casting solution; (3) filtering, deaerating in still condition for 1-2 hours, casting on glass plate, and drying to form film; (4) cross-linking in 2 mol/L water solution of H2SO4, and washing by de-ionized water until it is neutral to form film cross-linked with H2SO4; and (5) drying in vacuum at room temperature for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mol ratio of methyl propylene acyloxy propyl trimethoxy silicane and de-ionized water is 1:2-1:5. The amount of mixed polymer is 4:1-2:3 with respect to nitrile butadiene rubber in nitrile butadiene rubber solution. Preferred Condition: The ultraviolet radiation aggregation time is for 0.1-0.5 hour. Preferred Process: The carbonic ester electrolyte solution in 1M lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte solution is formed mixing carbonic acid dimethyl, carbonic acid diethylester and ethane carbonic ester in the mass ratio of 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The glasses include multi-function glasses frame made from magnesium and zinc or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component parts are made of hard gelatin, cellulose, chitosan and/or carbon containing polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The spacer is made of a flammable plastic. Preferred Component: The heat conductive material layer comprises gel material or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat insulating envelope consists of high-grade steel, copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat insulating envelope consists of silicone, polyamide, polyurethane, polyethylene, ethylene propylene diene monomer natural rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber or Teflon(RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide hydrate is zirconium oxide hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer is aromatic hydrocarbon type electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gas diffusion layer is formed by spraying carbon on a backing layer.Preferred Composition: The carbon is chosen from acetylene black, carbon yarn impregnated with graphite and carbon nanotubes.The catalyst includes platinum, iridium oxide, ruthenium and/or tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The membrane (a) is pre-treated with 2-9 M of nitric acid, 10-50% of hydrogen peroxide and 0.5-2 M of sulfuric acid before spraying catalyst ink.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is dispersed in isopropanol, containing 5-30 weight% of Nafion (RTM: perfluorinated ion-exchange solution) and 0-40 weight% of polytetrafluoroethylene.Preferred Component: The membrane (a) is perfluorinated membrane, non-perfluorinated membrane, ionically crosslinked and/or covalently crosslinked polymer membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizer is ferric chloride, ferric toluene sulfonate, ferric dodecylbenzene sulfonate or ferric antraquinone sulfonate. The dopant is p-toluenesulfonic oxide, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid, anthraquinone sulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy benzene sulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, nitrobenzene sulfonate, polystyrene sulfonic acid salt, poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonic acid) and/or poly(2-acryl amido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid-co-acrylic nitrile). The solvent or mixed solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol or n-hexanol as alcohol based solvent, formamide, N-methylformamide or N,N-dimethylformamide as amide based solvent, or sulfoxide based solvent methyl sulfoxide or dimethyl sulfoxide. The additive is imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, dimethylacetamide, 2-undecylimidazole, pyridine and/or pyrimidine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is polyaniline, polypyrrole or polydioxyethylene thiophene. The monomer in conductive polymer is aniline or its derivative, pyrrole or its derivative or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene or its derivative. The molar ratio of conductive polymer and monomer is 1:1-1:10. The molar ratio of dopant and conductive polymer is 1:1-1:10. The weight ratio of conductive polymer and solvent or mixed solvent is 1:50-1:500. The molar ratio of additive and conductive polymer is 1:0.1-1:10. The surfactant is polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyvinyl pyrrole and/or Triton X-100 (RTM: polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether). The content of surfactant is 0.01-1 weight parts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: Imidazole derivatives are also represented by chemical formulae (II, III and IV). Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=residue of chemical formula (VI-XVIV or XX);    R1-R3=independently halogen, amino, nitro, 1-40C alkyl, 2-40C arkenyl, 1-40C alkoxy, 3-40C cycloalkyl, 3-40C heterocycloalkyl, 6-40C aryl, 5-40C heteroaryl or substituted or unsubstituted 5-40C heteroalkyl;    Ar1=residue of chemical formula (XXI-XXVI or XXVII);    R4=halogen, amino, nitro, 2-40C alkyl, 1-40C alkoxy, 3-40C heterocycloalkyl, 6-40C aryl or 5-40C heteroaryl group; and    L1=residue of chemical formula (XXVIII-XXXVIV or XL).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 379 Imidazole derivatives (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. 2-(4-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-phenyl)-1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole, 4,5-di-naphthalen-2-yl-2-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole, 1-(4-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthracen- 9-yl)-phenyl)-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole, 4,5-di-naphthalen-2-yl-1-(4-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-phenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole and 4,5-Bis-(4-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-phenyl)-1,2-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (V).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solution, suspension liquid or conductor thru semiconductor contains photosensitizer and/or halogen ion.
Preferred Definitions:    R 1=selected from a group of general formulae (III-IX); and    X,Y' and Z=independently hydrogen, 1-30C alkyl, 1-30C alkoxy or 6-30C aryl, which is substituted with 1-30C alkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 6-30C aryl, 6-30C alkyl, 1-30C alkyl (6-30C) aryl, 1-30C alkoxy, 4-30C heteroaryl, 3-30C cycloalkyl, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur in hetero ring or unsaturated heterocycloalkyl, hydroxy, carboxylic acid, amino, mono or di(1-30C)alkyl amino, 1-30C alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, phenoxy, cyano or -(CH 2CH 2O) aR 11 group.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 10 Methanofullerene compounds are specifically claimed, e.g. (6)-1-(3-(2'-methoxyethyloxycarbonyl)propyl)-(5)-l-phenyl (5.6)-C61, (6)-1-(3-(2'-methoxyethyloxycarbonyl)propyl)-(5)-1-phenyl (6.6)-C61, (6)-1-(3-(2'-(2'-methoxyethoxy)ethylcarbonyl)propyl)-(5)-1-phenyl(5.6)-C61, (6)-1-(3-(2'-(2'-methoxyethoxy)ethylcarbonyl)propyl)-(5)-1-phenyl(6.6)-C61 or (6)-1-(3-(2'-methoxyethyloxycarbonyl)propyl)-(5)-1-phenyl (5.6)-C71.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound semiconductor nanoparticle ink is manufactured by utilizing compound semiconductor, which is selected from copper indium diselenide, Copper gallium diselenide, Copper gallium sulfide, compound semiconductor, copper indium sulfide, copper indium gallium diselenide or compound semiconductor having general formula (I). Cu(InxGa1-x)(SeyS1-y)2 (I)x and y=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from toluene, pyridine, chloroform, xylene, hexane, O-dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, alkylamine, butanol, methanol or isopropane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant is selected from octane selenol, acryl ester, polyacrylic acid, polyamide, polystyrene, synthetic rubber, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, resorcinol resin, furan resin, epoxy resin or unsaturated polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 9 methods for preparation of iodogallium phthalocyanine (I) is give as given in the specification involves:(1) process A: reacting phthalocyanine and gallium triiodide in alpha -chlorophthalene under stirring and heating at 150-230 degrees C;(2) process B: subjecting iodogallium phthalocyanine obtained by reacting phthalonitrile and gallium triiodide in alpha -chloronaphthalene under stirring and heating at 150-230 degrees C to dry-milling and then to milling or stirring in a solvent selected from halogen-containing solvents, ketone solvents, nitrile solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents and ether solvents;(3) process C: subjecting iodogallium phthalocyanine obtained by reacting chlorogallium phthalocyanine or hydroxygallium phthalocyanine with hydroiodic acid under milling or stirring to milling or stirring in a solvent selected from halogen-containing solvents, ketone solvents, nitrile solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents and ether solvents;(4) process D: reacting phthalonitrile and gallium triiodide in alpha -chloronaphthalene under stirring and heating at 150-230 degrees C to dry-milling, and then to milling or stirring in an amide solvent;(5) process E: reacting chlorogallium phthalocyanine or hydroxygallium phthalocyanine with hydroiodic acid under milling or stirring.Preferred Compound: The crystal form is one characterized by the X-ray diffraction pattern as given in the specification. EXAMPLE - Phthalonitrile (28 parts), gallium triiodide (25 parts), and alpha -chloronaphthalene (150 parts) were stirred for 4 hours under heating at 200 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere; followed by cooling to 130 degrees C and filtration. The recovered solid was washed with N,N-dimethylformamide (200 parts) at 130 degrees C under stirring for 2 hours, and was washed with methanol on a filter; followed by drying to give iodogallium phthalocyanine crystal (I) (27 parts).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is poly norbornene, aromatic fluorene polyester, polyether sulfone, bisphenol A polysulfone, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate, polycarbonate, and cyclic olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The transparent conductive anode substrate is indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide, and/or tin oxide glass or film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The transition metal oxide is titanium oxide. The content of green luminous component is 0.1-20 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Elements: The 1B group element is copper. The 3A group element is indium or gallium. The 6A group element is selenium.
Preferred Definitions:    A,B'=6-20C aromatic hydrocarbyl or hetero-ring group optionally substituted by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;    A and/or B'=fluorenyl;    C',D'=cyclopropylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, ethene, 2-butenylene, para-phenylene, naphthylene, 2,3-tetrazole-diyl, 1,3-triazole-diyl, 1,5-benzimidazole-diyl, 2,5-benzothiazole-diyl, 2,5-pyrimidine-diyl, 3-phenyl-2,5-tetrazole-diyl, 2,5-pyridine-diyl, 2,4-furan-diyl, 1,3-piperidine-diyl, 2,4-morpholine-diyl, 1,2-thiophene-diyl or 1,4-thiophene-diyl;and    E=carboxy, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid, phosphinic acid, -OH, oxycarboxylic acid, acid amide or boric acid.
Preferred Definitions:    R1 and R2=independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl or hetero aryl group of general formulae (II-VI); and    A=independently substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert. butyl or n-pentyl group.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The molar ratio of amide compound and eutectic mixture is 8:1-1. The eutectic mixture has viscosity of 2000 cP or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is polymer electrolyte formed using precursor solution containing monomer and eutectic mixture. The monomer is vinyl monomer. The molar ratio of monomer and eutectic mixture, is 0.5-0.965:0.05-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The organic layer is hole injection layer, hole transport layer, light emitting layer or light transmission layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A boron compound is reacted with halogenated compound having aryl group in the 9-position in the presence of palladium catalyst to obtain the anthracene derivative. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The anthracene derivative is chosen from 78 compounds such as 9-naphthalen-1-yl-10-(4-(1-phenyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl)-anthracene, 9-naphthalen-2-yl-10-(4-(1-phenyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl)-anthracene, 9-biphenyl-3-yl-10-(4-(1-phenyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl)-anthracene, 9-(4-naphthalen-1-yl-phenyl)-10-(4-(1-phenyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl)-anthracene and 9-(3-naphthalen-1-yl-phenyl)-10-(4-(1-phenyl-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl)-anthracene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The equivalent multivalent ions are calcium ion, magnesium ion, or ferric ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cation is imidazole containing compound, pyridine containing compound, amino containing compound, triphenyl carboxyl containing compound, triamino methyl containing compound, cyclonitropropyl containing compound, cyclonitropentyl containing compound, phosphorus containing compound, or sulfur containing compound. The organic hole transport material is 2,2',7,7'-quadruple-double (N,N-bi-P-methoxy amide) 9,9'-spirobifluorene.The counter electrode comprises platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, carbon and conductive polymers.The conductive polymer is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), or polyester.The dye layer is of formulae (I')-(IV) or its salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-blocking agent includes silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The former and third sheet layers include 0.01-5 pts.wt. of ultraviolet-absorbing agent, 0.1-1.0 pts.wt. of anti-blocking agent, 0.005-5.0 pts.wt. of cross-linking agent, 0.1-2.0 pts.wt. of triallyl cyanurate and 0.05-5.0 pts.wt. of phenol-derived antioxidant. The ultraviolet-absorbing agent includes hindered amine light stabilizer, benzotriazole group, benzophenone group, salicylate group or their mixture. The cross-linking agent includes dicumyl peroxide, di-tert.-butylperoxy diisopropylbenzene or di-tert.-butyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal thin film layer includes stainless steel, copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating layer also includes organo silane compound and metal alkoxide, which are partially hydrolyzed with water. The partially hydrolyzed organosilane compound has chemical formulae (I-III) and the partially hydrolyzed metal alkoxide has a chemical formula (IV). (R1)m-Si-X(4-m) (I) (R1)m-O-Si-X(4-m) (II) (R1)m-N(R2)-Si-X(4-m) (III) M-(R3)z (IV)R1=equal or different, halogen, amide, aldehyde, ketone, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, 1-12C alkoxy, alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyl aryl, aryl alkenyl, alkenyl aryl, aryl alkinyl, alkynyl aryl, alkyl carbonyl, carboxy, mercapto, cyano, hydroxyl group, alkoxycarbonyl, acryloxy, methacryloxy, epoxy or vinyl group;R2=H or 1-12C alkyl;R3=halogen, 1-12C alkoxy, acyloxy or hydroxy group;X=H, halogen, 1-12C alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl, or -N(R2)2;m=1-3;M=Al, Cr or Ti; andz=3 or 4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating layer includes oligomer or monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is selected from titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, niobium pentoxide, tin dioxide, silicon dioxide or titanium oxide doped with strontium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gel electrolyte has a compound selected from chemical formulae (I-III).R1=substituted or un-substituted 1-20C alkyl group, 6-20C aryl or 2-20C heteroaryl radical;R2=substituted or un-substituted 1-20C alkyl group, 6-20C aryl or 2-20C heteroaryl radical; anda,b,c=1-50.The gel electrolyte has a compound having chemical formula (IV).a=1-33.Preferred Components: The diacid is glutaric acid, malonic acid or adipic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of glass or ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of metal. The silicon thin film is formed in a gaseous environment, which is selected from nitrogen, helium, argon or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silicon organic compounds have general formulae (I and II). The substrate is made of plastic.R1 and R2=20C hydrocarbon radical;R5=5C hydrocarbon radical; andm and n=4 or greater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The electron acceptors-cored regioregular oligothiophene (I or II) is obtained by synthesizing regioregular oligothiophene. Preferred Process: The synthesis of regioregular oligothiophene is carried out via divergent process and/or convergent process. The 3-alkylthiophene unit is attached one by one to the electron acceptor cores. The regioregular oligothiophene is synthesized, and then attached to the electron acceptors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The copolymerization is carried out via Suzuki reaction or Stille reaction. Preferred Definitions:    m=2-4;    R1=CzH2z+1;    z=6-12;    R=butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butyloctyl or 2-hexyldecyl;and    EA=benzothiadiazole, benzoxadiazole or benzopyrazine.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The electron acceptors-cored regioregular oligothiophene is 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole of formula (A).    EXAMPLE - 4,7-Di(4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (in g) (4.2), silica gel (0.2), dichloromethane (25 mL) and N-bromosuccinimide (1.84) were mixed for 4 hours and filtered to obtain 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (5.08). A polymer formed using the 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole had excellent crystallinity and solubility.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 light emitting polymers are specifically claimed, which are poly(5,5,10,10-tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)-5,10-dihydroindeno(2,1-a) indene)-2,7-diyl-alt-(benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl, poly(5,5,10,10-tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)-5,10-dihydroindeno(2,1-a) indene)-2,7-dinyl-alt-4,7-bis(2-thinyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,5'-dinyl, poly (5,5,10,10-tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)-5,10-dihydroindeno(2,1-a) indene)-2,7-dinyl-alt-(4,7-bis(4-hexyl-2-thinyl)-2,1,3- benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-dinyl and poly(5,5,10,10-tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)-5,10-dihydroindeno(2,1-a) indene)-2,7-dinyl-alt-(4,7-bis(4-hexyloxy-2-thinyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-dinyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mask removal solution includes inorganic filler and a solvent. The solvent is selected from alcoholic solvent, glycolic solvent, ether-based solvent, ester-based solvent, ketonic solvent, carbitol, terpineol or texanol. The mask pattern is prepared by using a paste, where the paste includes spin on glass (SOG) material having organometallic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler includes ethyl cellulose, acrylate resin, epoxy resin, polystyrene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ethyl vinyl acetate and polyvinyl fluoride for sound absorption are successively laminated on the aluminum plate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The methanofullerene compound is chosen from 60 compounds, such as compounds of formulae (A-E). Preferred Definitions:    R 1=group chosen from groups of formulae (a-g);and    R 2=linear or branched 1-30C alkyl optionally substituted by fluoro, or 6-30C-ar-1-30C-alkyl optionally substituted by fluoro.    X,Y',Z=H, linear or branched 1-30C alkyl, 6-30C-ar-1-30C-alkyl, or 1-30C-alkyl-6-30C-aryl;    m=1-5;    n,q,s=1-3;    p=1-4;and    r=1 or 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stuffing material includes metal oxide, halometallate or metal nitride. The photoinitiator includes free group initiator, cation initiator or cyclopentadiene transition metal complex compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The packaging material composition has viscosity of 1-100000 cps and luminance of more than 85%. Preferred Composition: The content of stuffing material is 5-15 weight%. Preferred Processes: The packaging material composition is further subjected to secondary illumination process. The primary illumination process and secondary illumination process are performed for 1-200 minutes. The power of the light source during performing primary illumination process and secondary illumination process is 1-20,000 watt. Preferred Components: The light source is ultraviolet light source, visible light source or infrared light source. The acrylic resin monomer is of formula: CH2=C(-R2)-C(=O)-O-R1. The epoxide resin monomer is of formula (I). The silicone acrylic resin monomer is of formula: R'1-Si(-R"1)(-R'"1)-R2-O-C(=O)-C=CH2-R3.R1-R3,R'1-R'"1=alkyl, 1-12C tert-butyl, 1-12C ether, 1-12C triacontanol group or 1-12C cycloalkyloxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polyamic acid alternately contains 10 mol% or more of bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-containing repeating unit of formula (2 or 3). Preferred Process: The polyimide film is alternately obtained by flow-spreading organic-solvent solution of polyimide containing 10 mol% of bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-containing repeating unit (3 or 4) and baking at 50-100 degrees C, 100-160 degrees C, 160-200 and 200-300 for 1-5 hours. EXAMPLE - 4-(3-(4-Aminophenoxy)phenoxy)aniline (in g) (1.96) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (15) were stirred and dissolved at 25 degrees C. Further, 4,11-dio
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Substrate: The flexible substrate is made of polymer, organic/inorganic compound substrate, paper, nonwoven fabric, cloth, thin glass, or metal foil. The material of flexible substrate includes polyester, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalene, parylene, epoxy resin, or polyvinyl chloride. Preferred Method: Etching is wet etching. The conductive pattern is made by a coil-type continuous technology or by process in batch one by one. Preferred Property: The minimal wire width of the conductive pattern is not greater than 100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The conductive layer includes metal, metal oxide, or their alloy or compound layer. The conductive layer includes copper, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, titanium, platinum, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, tin, indium-tin oxide, indium-zinc oxide, or their alloy or compound layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective ink further contains coloring agent (1-5). The protective ink includes 10-80 wt.% of solid. The ink has a viscosity of 20000-300000 cps at 25 degrees C. Preferred Resin: The high-molecular resin includes epoxy resin, vinyl resin, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and/or acrylic resin. The epoxy resin includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, bisphenol S epoxy resin, phenolic novolak epoxy resin, cresol novolak epoxy resin, and/or alicyclic epoxy resin. The vinyl resin includes vinylacetate resin, chloroethylene-vinylacetate resin, and/or chloroethylene-vinylacetate-maleic acid co-poly-resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The doping element is selected from non-metal element(s). The non-metal doping element is nitrogen; and the doping agent is ammonia, urea, thiourea, ethylenediamine, ammonia gas, nitric acid, or soluble ammonium salts. The non-metal doping element is sulfur; and the doping agent is thiourea, sulfuric acid, or sulfate. The non-metal doping element is carbon; and the doping agent is polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 800-16000 or tetrabutyl ammonium. The non-metal doping element is phosphorus; and the doping agent is phosphoric acid or orthophosphorous acid. The non-metal doping element is fluorine; and the doping agent is ammonium fluoride. The non-metal doping element chlorine; and the doping agent is hydrochloric acid. The conductive substrate is tin oxide (SnO2) conductive glass containing fluorine, SnO2 conductive glass containing indium, or SnO2 flexibility conductive glass containing indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium salt solution is 2-6 M titanium tetrachloride hydrochloric salt solution, or 1-5 M alcohol solution of titanium isopropoxide, tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, or tetrahexyl titanate. The non-metal solution is a mixture in which the volume ratio of solvent and water is 1:1, and the alcohol is mixture of butanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethanol, and/or anhydrous methanol. The dye sensitization agent is 4,4',-dicarboxylate bipyridine ruthenium N3 dye; 4,4',-dicarboxylate bipyridine ruthenium N719 dye; or ruthenium complexes N749 dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tetrathiaporphyrin derivative or its salt is selected from compounds of general formulae (II-IV). Preparation (Claimed): The tetrathiaporphyrin derivative of general formula (I) is prepared by providing thiophene derivative of chemical formula (V) and aldehyde derivative of chemical formula (VI) in solvent to obtain a tetrathiaporphyrin derivative of general formula (II). The reaction is accomplished by adding Lewis acid in a dark place. The obtained product is reacted with perchloric acid and an oxidizer for obtaining tetrathiaporphyrin derivative general formula (III). The obtained compound is treated with a reducing agent to obtain the desired tetrathiaporphyrin derivative or its salt of general formula (I). No suitable example given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 12 tetrathiaporphyrin derivatives are specifically claimed, e.g. 1,6,11,16-tetra(4-butylphenyl)-3,4,8,9,13,14,18,19-ethylenedioxy-1H,6H,11H,16H-tetra porphyrin, 1,6,11,16-tetra (4-butylphenyl)-3,4,8,9,13,14,18,19-tetrathiaporphyrin perchlorate, 1,6,11,16-tetra (4-butylphenyl)-3,4,8,9,13,14,18,19-tetrathiaporphyrin, 1,6,11,16-tetra (4-hexyloxyphenyl)-3,4,8,9,13,14,18,19-ethylenedioxy-1H,6H,11H,16H-tetra porphyrin, 1,6,11,16-tetra (4-hexyloxyphenyl)-3,4,8,9,13,14,18,19-tetrathiaporphyrin perchlorate.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode substrate is formed using indium-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, or tin-oxide glass or film. The anodic agent is formed using lithium manganate as lithium transition-metal oxide. The anodic agent is formed to a thickness of 1-500 mu m. The cathodic agent is lithium metal, lithium alloy, and/or lithium carbide. The cathode substrate is formed using copper, nickel, and/or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ionic liquid is lithiumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide solution, which is the electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The isolation layer is a polyolefin porous layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The cyclodextrin is chosen from beta -cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl) beta -cyclodextrin and/or heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl) beta -cyclodextrin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The dianhydride is chosen from 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 4-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-carboxylic dianhydride and 4,4'-(4,4'-isopropylidene phenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is polyimide, polyamidoimide or polyarylate. Preferred Property: The polyimide film with thickness of 50-100 mu m has yellowness index (Y1) of 15 or less. The film has transparency of 88% or more in the wavelength of 551-780 nm, permeability of 88% or more in the wavelength of 550 nm, 85% or more in the wavelength of 500 nm and 50% or more in the wavelength of 450 nm. The polyimide is obtained by reacting polyimide precursor obtained by polymerizing aromatic dianhydride and diamine of formula: H2N-R-NH2, and cyclodextrin or its derivative.R=divalent groups of formulae (a-n).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode electrode material is selected from calcium, lithium, aluminum, alloy of lithium fluoride and lithium, alkali metal salt, and/or conductive polymer. The mold is made of material selected from metal, metal oxide, ceramic, semiconductor, and/or thermosetting polymer. The electron transfer material is selected from lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium, lithium, and/or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is selected from chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and/or trichlorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is flexible polymer substrate. The electron donor material is selected from poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), poly-3-octylthiophene (P30T), poly-p-phenylenevinylene (PPV), poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV), and/or poly(2-methyl-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy))-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MDMO-PPV). The electron acceptor material is selected from (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), (6,6)-phenyl-C.sub.71-butyric acid methyl ester (C70-PCBM), fullerene (C60), (6,6)-thienyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (ThCBM), and/or carbon nanotubes. The hole transfer material is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonate, polyaniline, copper phthalocyanine (CuPC), polythiophenylenevinylene, polyvinylcarbazole, poly-p-phenylenevinylene, and/or poly(methylphenylsilane). The transparent electrode material is selected from transparent oxide, conductive polymer, carbon nanotube thin film, graphene thin film, graphene oxide thin film, and/or metal-combined carbon nanotube thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The coverage of the particulate titanium oxide on the surface of carbon, measured by electron microscope, is 70-100%. The atomic ratio of carbon/titanium in the surface obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis is 0/100-70/30. The coated material has fine particle resistance of 10 ohm.m or less under pressure of 10 MPa. The average length of the long axis of the coated material is 0.1-1000 mu m and the average diameter orthogonally crossed to the long axis of the coated material is 5-500 nm, and the average aspect ratio of the coated material is 3-200000. The average particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles is 1-200 nm. The coating layer has thickness of 2-500 nm. The carbon has average diameter of 1-100 nm, average length of 0.1-1000 mu m and average aspect ratio of 5-1000000. The coated material has specific surface area of 50 m2/g or more. The titanium oxide particles have average particle diameter of 1-500 nm. The porous coated material composition has specific surface area of 30 m2/g or more and contains 40-100% of holes with diameter of 5-50 nm. Preferred Composition: The rod shaped or fibrous carbon is carbon nanotube. The titanium oxide particles are chosen from anatase titanium oxide, rutile titanium oxide and/or brookite titanium oxide. The porous coated material composition contains 0.1-90 wt.% of coated material and 10-99.9 wt.% of titanium oxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The water-soluble silver salt comprises silver nitrate. The aqueous solution used in the metal-activated selective oxidation comprises sodium persulfate and silver nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The titanium salt is titanium tetrachloride or tetrabutyl titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The metal salt solution is nitrate of metallic ion of iron (Fe3+), tin (Sn4+), cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu+ and Cu2+), manganese (Mn4+), and cerium (Ce4+).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The adhesive comprises ethyl cellulose and terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The super-conducting media is a mixed solution of potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, cobalt dioxide, boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, and manganese dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compounds (A, B) are contained in the molar ratio of 1:0.1-10. The composition further contains water. The molar ratio of the compound (A) and water is 1:0.000001-10. The solvent is chosen from alcohol, ether and/or ketone. Preferred Process: The solution containing the composition is coated by spin coating, dip coating or spray coating. The hardening is performed at 100-400 degrees C, preferably at 250-400 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The contact material layer on the p-type doped a-SiH layer comprises aluminum. The contact material layer on the n-type doped a-SiH layer comprises silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The chelate ligand coordinates with metal and forms 5-membered ring or 6-membered ring. Preferred Component: The atom to which metal coordinates in chelate ligand is oxygen or nitrogen. The metal ion is aluminum ion, zinc ion, gallium ion, germanium ion, indium ion, tin ion and/or lead ion, preferably aluminum ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic layer has metal ion on the surface of film having polymer as main component. Preferred Component: The polymer and metal ion are bonded together by a coordinate bond. Preferred Process: The organic layer is obtained by forming film having polymer as main component on base film and immersing the obtained film in metal salt solution or forming film using metal-complex including organic material comprising organic layer on base film, or polymerizable composition including polymeric compound having chelate ligand and other polymeric compounds is applied on base film and hardened or coating polymeric compound, polymerizing and forming film. The laminate is obtained by forming metal-complex with polymeric compound(s), forming organic layer on base film and hardening.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred component: The polymeric compound having chelate ligand is of formula: R1-C(=O)-R2-C(=O)-R3 (1) or hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula (2).R1,R3,Rc=H or substituent;R2=-(CHRc)-;andR4=H or substituent.At least one of R1, R3 and R4 contains polymeric group. R4 is contained in nitrogen-containing ring or hydroxy group containing ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The azo dye preferably contains diazo compound of formula (3). Preferred Properties: The azo dye has molecular weight of 240-450 and CLogP value of 1-3.5. The pKa value of phenolic group of azo dye is 7 or less.a1-a4=H or substituent. Preferred Definitions:    A=aromatic group of formula (a).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 24 Diazo compound are disclosed for e.g. 2-hydroxy-5-((E)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl)benzamide, 2-(chloromethyl)-4-((E)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl)phenol, 4-((E)-2-(3-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazen-1-yl)-3-nitrobenzonitrile, N-(5-((E)-2-(4-cyano-2-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide and 4-((E)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl)phenol of formula (4).    EXAMPLE - Water and hydrochloric acid were added to 2-nitroaniline and cooled to 10 degrees C or less. Then, sodium nitride was dripped, stirred for 1 hour, to obtain diazo liquid. Sodium acetate, phenol and methanol were mixed, cooled to 10 degrees C or less and obtained diazo compound was dripped. Then, obtained reaction liquid was stirred for 30 minutes, the reaction was acidified and liquid separation extraction was carried out. The organic layer was dried, evaporated and purified, to obtain 4-((E)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl)phenol (4) having melting point of 93 degrees C in yield of 84%.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Dinaphtho(2,1-b:2',1'-f)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene of formula (A) is disclosed as the new organic-semiconductor material.    EXAMPLE - (In g) n-butyllithium was added to tetrahydrofuran solution (70 ml) of 1-bromo-2-(methylthio)naphthalene (5.56), stirred at -78 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes, and heated to 0 degrees C. N-methylformanilide (3.52) was dripped and stirred for 12 hours. Water and toluene were added, and the reaction liquid was extracted and purified after vacuum concentration, to obtain 2-(methylthio)-1-naphthaldehyde (0.7) as yellow crystals with a yield of 15%. Titanium tetrachloride (1 ml) was dripped in tetrahydrofuran solution (15 ml) of 2-(methylthio)-1-naphthaldehyde (1.01) at 0 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere. A suspension liquid of tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) of zinc (1.8) was dripped at 0 degrees C, and the reaction mixture was heat-refluxed for 2 hours. Sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution and toluene were added after cooling to room temperature, and the reaction mixture was extracted, vacuum-concentrated, and purified to obtain 2-(methylthio)-1-((E)-2-(2-(methylthio)-1-naphthyl)vinyl)naphthalene (0.3) as yellow crystals with a yield of 27%. The obtained compound (0.16) and chloroform solution (10 ml) of iodine (3.49) were heat-refluxed for 9 hours. Saturated sodium hydrogen sulfite aqueous solution was added to the reaction liquid after cooling to room temperature, and extracted with toluene. The organic layer was washed with salt solution, vacuum-concentrated, and purified to obtain dinaphtho(2,1-b:2',1'-f)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene (0.03) of formula (A) with a yield of 18%. The compound had excellent stability and solubility in organic solvent, and could be easily used in a wet process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Each thermal bend actuator comprises an active beam including a thermoelastic material; and a passive beam mechanically cooperating with the active beam. The thermoelastic material is selected from titanium nitride, titanium aluminum nitride, or vanadium-aluminum alloys; and the passive beam comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The MEMS integrated circuit comprises a silicon substrate having the control circuitry contained in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) layer(s) (240).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The MEMS integrated circuit comprises a bonding surface defined by a polymeric layer, where bonding surface is bonded to the outer surface of the body. The polymeric layer covers a MEMS layer (260) containing the moveable finger. The polymeric layer and/or compliant body comprise polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The coverage of the particulate titanium oxide on the surface of carbon, measured by electron microscope, is 70-100%. The structure has fine particle resistance of 3x 106 ohm.m or less under pressure of 10 MPa. The average length of the long axis of the structure is 0.1-1000 mu m and the average diameter orthogonally crossed to the long axis of the structure is 5-500 nm, and the average aspect ratio of the structure is 3-200000. The structure is tubular, has thickness of 2-500 nm and specific surface area of 20 m2/g or more. The atomic ratio of carbon/titanium in the surface obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis is 0/100-70/30. The titanium oxide particles have average particle diameter of 1-500 nm. The porous composition has specific surface area of 30 m2/g or more and contains 40-100% of holes with diameter of 5-50 nm. The carbon has average diameter of 1-100 nm, average length of 0.1-1000 mu m and average aspect ratio of 5-1000000. Preferred Composition: The rod shaped or fibrous carbon is carbon nanotube. The titanium oxide particles are chosen from anatase titanium oxide, rutile titanium oxide and/or brookite titanium oxide. The porous titanium oxide composition contains 0.1-90 wt.% of structure and 10-99.9 wt.% of titanium oxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nonconjugated polyene of component (A) is norbornene compound of formula (3). The silicon hydride group-containing compound (C) is 4-((dimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5-dioxa-2,4,6-trisilaheptane. The silicon hydride group-containing compound (B) is 2,6-dimethyl-4,4-diphenyl-3,5-dioxa-2,4,6-trisilaheptane.R1=H or 1-10C alkyl;R2=H or 1-5C alkyl;andn=0-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber composition contains (in weight parts) silicon hydride group-containing compound (B) (2-15) and silicon hydride group-containing compound (C) (0.1-2) with respect to ethylene-( alpha )-olefin-nonconjugated-polyene copolymer (A) (100).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte material has tertiary cation or quaternary cation both including nitrogen atom as cation center. The matrix material contains an organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compound is titanium compound preferably titanium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sensitizing dye has planar skeletal structure. Preferred Component: The sensitizing dye is ruthenium metal complex dye. The sensitizing dye is phthalocyanine-type dye of formula (3) or porphyrin type dye of formula (4).X1=H or electron donating substituent;X2=electron withdrawing group bonded with hydrocarbyl or electron withdrawing group or;X3,X4= electron donating substituent or electron withdrawing group;n=1 or more;M=copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, aluminium, rhodium, osmium, lead, tin and phosphorus and pyridine or its derivative coordinated to M depending on valence of M;electron donating substituent=t-butyl, OCmH2m+1, NR2 or -C4H9-ph-O-;electron withdrawing group= COOH, COOR, COOR, SO3H, PO3H, -CH2Y', -CH(CH2Y')Y'or -CH(CH2Y')2;m=1-10;R=H, linear or branched alkyl or phenyl optionally substituted by alkyl;ph=phenylene;andY'=electron withdrawing group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The carboxylic methyl ester (b) is a solvent chosen from methyl acetate, methyl propionate, n-methyl butyrate, methyl isobutyrate, n-methyl valerate and/or methyl isovalerate, preferably methyl propionate. The nonaqueous solvent (c) is chosen from propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, acetonitrile, sulfolane and/or gamma -butyrolactone, preferably propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. The spiro-type quaternary ammonium cation of electrolyte is chosen from spiro-(1,1')-bi-pyrrolidinium ion, piperidine-1-spiro-1'-pyrrolidinium ion and/or spiro-(1,1')-bipiperidinium ion. The anion of electrolyte is chosen from tetrafluoroborate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, hexafluoroarsenide ion, hexafluoroantimonide ion, fluoride ion, perchlorate ion, tetrafluoroaluminum ion, tetrachloroaluminum ion, hexafluorotantalum ion, hexafluoroniobium ion, hexafluorosilicon ion, cyanide ion, methyl trifluoroboron ion, fluoric acid ion (F(HF)n-) and/or sulfonylfluoroalkyl ion. The electrolyte (a) is spiro-(1,1')-bi-pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate, piperidine-1-spiro-1'-pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate and/or spiro-(1,1')-bipiperidinium tetrafluoroborate. The sulfonylfluoroalkyl ion is of formula: N(RfSO2)2-, C(RfSO2)3-, RfSO3 and/or N(FSO2)2-.Rf=1-12C fluoroalkyl;andn=1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reduced pressure is 0.004 MPa or less. The process using fluorine-containing washing liquid is etching washing using a fluoro-nitric acid solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The energy beam absorber comprises titanium oxide, cerium oxide, indium tin oxide, and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicone material comprises polydimethylsiloxane, and silanol group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluid substance contains alcohol (A) having alkyl group with respect to alkoxy group of the alkoxysilane. The solid substance contains silicon oxide (45). The asbestos processing agent further contains water and water-soluble organic solvent (41). The organic solvent is different from the alcohol (A). The water is electro discharge-treated water. Preferred Processes: The fluid substance and solid substance are separated by heating. The alcohol is subjected to steam reformation, to obtain hydrogen (52). The silicon oxide is removed from the solid substance, to obtain solar cell (50). The metal salt is strong acid salt of potassium, calcium and/or sodium, preferably calcium fluoride and calcium sulfate. The electro discharge-treated water is obtained by passing water between primary and secondary electrodes and generating high voltage discharge between the electrodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Condition: The heating temperature during preparation of nitrated directional solidifying cast polysilicon is 1420-1450 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive lead outs are comprised of tin or aluminum-tin alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive layer formed on the internal and external glasses is made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB).