TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The bio-fuel precursor material is chosen from crop oil, microalgae, animal fat and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The isomerization catalyst contains metal chosen from platinum, palladium and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The catalytic pathway comprises supported metal catalyst containing metal or metal alloy chosen from palladium, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bio-fuel precursor material comprises 50 weight% of triglycerides. The residual oxygenate is chosen from glycerol, carboxylic acids, ethers, esters, alcohols and their mixture. The bio-fuel intermediate comprises linear 5-20C hydrocarbon. The content of paraffin is 95 weight% or more, isoparaffin is 70 weight% and residual oxygenate is 1 weight% or less, preferably 0.1 weight% or less on water and air free basis. The bio-fuel is a transportation fuel chosen from JP-8, diesel, JP-5, Jet A and their mixture. Preferred Process: The partially-hydrodeoxygenating involves catalytic pathway. The partially-hydrodeoxygenating incompletely deoxygenates triglycerides to provide residual oxygenates. The catalytic isomerization isomerizes linear hydrocarbon to form branched hydrocarbon. The branched hydrocarbon modifies fuel properties of bio-fuel. The partial-hydrodeoxygenation of triglyceride is performed in upflow reactor configuration which involves removal of unwanted carbonaceous deposits formed during partial- hydrodeoxygenation. A portion of triglyceride is maintained in liquid space. The upflow reactor is operated at temperature bellow decomposition point of triglyceride, and energy required for partial- hydrodeoxygenation is provided via heated hydrogen feed into the reactor. Preparation of bio-fuel further involves analyzing oxygen content continuously. The bio-fuel is blended with other component chosen from other bio-fuel, bio-fuel intermediate, fuels, oxygenates, and their mixture. Preferred Property: The bio-fuel has difference in D86 90 and 10% points of 150 degrees C or less, preferably 150 degrees C or less, and reflectance of greater than 65 degrees C when measured at 150 degrees C for 90 minutes based on ASTM D6468.