TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles comprise silver. The reactive moiety comprises a reducing agent. The reactive moiety comprises a hydroxyl producing agent. The conductive and additive particles are inorganic. The conductive nanoparticles are silver. The conductive nanoparticle has a particle size of less than or equal to 1 micron (preferably 1-100 nm, especially 1-20 nm). The additive nanoparticles are palladium. The additive nanoparticle has a particle size of less than 1 micron. The material is single crystalline silicon, multi-crystalline silicon, nano-crystalline silicon, or amorphous silicon. The first nanoparticles are silver, gold, and/or copper nanoparticles. The second nanoparticles are palladium, nickel, titanium, and/or aluminum nanoparticles. The first conductive nanoparticles are more electrically conductive than the second additive nanoparticles. Preferred Device: The device comprises at least two inks or pastes disposed on a semiconductor material. The first ink or paste comprises first conductive nanoparticles and the second ink or paste comprises second nanoparticles different from the first nanoparticles. The second nanoparticles are disposed between the semiconductor material and the first conductive nanoparticles. The first conductive nanoparticles are more electrically conductive than the second nanoparticles. The second nanoparticles reduce the contact electrical resistance between the semiconductor material and the first conductive nanoparticles. The semiconductor material comprises silicon. The device is annealed or not yet annealed. Preferred Method: The second additive nanoparticles reduce the contact electrical resistance between the semiconductor material and the first conductive nanoparticles after the step (e). The surface stabilizing agent, the first solvent, and the second solvent, are adapted so that when the first and second solvents phase separate and form an interface, the surface stabilizing agent migrates to the interface. The first conductive nanoparticles are fabricated by the method according to steps (a) to (d). The second additive nanoparticles are fabricated according to steps (a) to (d). The first and second nanoparticles are processed by inkjet printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, or screen printing, at a temperature less than or equal to 500 degrees C (preferably 300 degrees C).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first solvent comprises an organic solvent, preferably a hydrocarbon solvent and the second solvent comprises water. The surface stabilizing agent comprises at least one alkylene group and a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom. The surface stabilizing agent comprises at least one substituted amine or substituted carboxylic acid, where the substituted group comprises two to thirty carbon atoms. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.