TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: At least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode has a recharged potential of greater than or equal to 4.0 V versus Li/Li+. Preferred Cell: The rechargeable lithium-ion cell comprises a positive electrode having at least one electroactive material having a recharged potential and containing LiFePO4; Li2FeSiO4; MnO2; LiMn2O4; LiMnPO4; LiCoO2; LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4; lithium mixed metal oxides of nickel, cobalt and aluminum and/or lithium mixed metal oxides of manganese, nickel and cobalt or their doped versions; a negative electrode containing graphitic carbon, lithium metal, lithium titanate or a lithium alloy; a charge-carrying electrolyte containing a charge-carrying media containing ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate and/or ethyl methyl carbonate, a lithium salt with high ionic conductivity; and a cyclable redox chemical shuttle selected from an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary alkyl group and at least one halogenated alkoxy group, an alkoxy-substituted fluoronaphthalene compound and/or octafluoronaphthalene, where the shuttle is dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte and the shuttle has an oxidation potential above the recharged potential of at least one of the electroactive materials of the positive electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from LiPF6, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, LiBF4, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2 and/or LiC(SO2CF3)3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: At least one alkoxy group comprises a fluorinated alkoxy group. The fluorinated alkoxy group is partially fluorinated. The partially fluorinated alkoxy group is 1-4C partially fluorinated alkoxy group. The partially fluorinated alkoxy group(s) are selected from -OCH2F, -OCH2CF3, -OCH2CF2CF3, -OCH2CF2CF2CF3, -OCH2CF2CF2H and -OCH2CF2CFHCF3. The aromatic compound comprises a single aromatic ring with at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the aromatic ring. The aromatic compound is substituted with at least two tertiary alkyl groups and at least two halogenated alkoxy groups. At least one tertiary alkyl group comprises a butyl group. The shuttle (S1) comprises a compound of formula phenyl (substituted on 1-position by R'f, on 2-position by R'f, on 3-position by R2 and on 5-position by R1) or phenyl (substituted on 1-position by R1, on 2-position by R'f, on 4-position by R'f and on 5-position by R2). At least one alkoxy group on alkoxyl-substituted fluoronaphthalene compound is selected from methoxy and ethoxy. The alkoxy-substituted fluoronaphthalene compound comprises no hydrogen atoms attached directly to the naphthalene ring. The shuttle compound (S2) is of formula naphthalene (substituted on 1-position by R3, on 2-position by R4, on 3-position by R5, on 4-position by F, on 5-position by R6, on 6-position by R7, on 7-position by R8 and on 9-position by R9).R1 and R2=H or tertiary 4-12C alkyl;R'f=H or a halogenated alkoxy group of formula -OR';R'=a halogenated 0-10C alkyl;R3-R9=F or O-R;R=1-4C alkyl;R4+R5, R7+R8 and/or R3+R9=a ring of formula -O-R1-O-;R1=1-4C alkylene moiety.Provided that at least one of R1 or R2 is a tertiary alkyl and at least one R'f is a halogenated alkoxy group. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 19 Compounds are specified as the cyclable redox chemical shuttle e.g. 1,5-di-tert-butyl-2,3-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-benzene of formula (I'), 1,5-di-tert-butyl-2,3-bis-fluoromethoxy-benzene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,8-heptafluoro-7-methoxy-naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptafluoro-8-methoxy-naphthalene, and 1,2,4,5,6,8-hexafluoro-3,7-dimethoxy-naphthalene.