TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Cell: In the engineered microbial host cell, the engineered nucleic acid encodes an ethylene forming enzyme (Efe) activity. The ethylene forming enzyme is Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola D13182, P. syringae pv. Pisi AF101061, and Ralstonia solanacearum AL646053. The engineered nucleic acid encodes a codon-optimized Ralstonia ethylene-forming enzyme. The codon optimization is for Escherichia coli codon usage. The engineered nucleic acid comprises fully defined 1038 bp (SEQ ID NO: 7) given in the specification. The cell produces ethylene at 1 mg-150 g per liter of fermentation medium. The engineered nucleic acid encodes an alcohol dehydrogenase activity selected from Zymomonas mobilis adhII, Z. mobilis adhII TS42, and Z. mobilis adhB activity. The engineered nucleic acid encodes a NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase activity, e.g. Moorella sp. HUC22-1 adhA. The engineered nucleic acid encodes a pyruvate decarboxylase activity, e.g. Zymobacter palmae and Z. mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) activity. The cell in culture is capable of producing ethanol in a yield of 249 or 296 mg/L culture medium in 72 hours. The ethanol yield is 2.5-5 g/L culture medium-hour. The level of acetaldehyde in the culture after 72 hours is less than 14 mg/L. The cell in culture produces at least 36-47mg/L of ethanol per OD. The cell further comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding a methionine synthase activity. The engineered nucleic acid encodes a phosphate transporter activity, e.g. Escherichia coli sugar phosphate transporter UhpT (NP418122.1), an Arabidopsis thaliana gluose-6-phosphate transporter (GPT1) (AT5G54800.1), and an A. thaliana gluose-6-phosphate transporter GPT2 (AT1G61800.1). The engineered nucleic acid encodes a phosphatase enzyme activity, e.g. Homo sapiens glucose-6-phosphatase G6PC (P35575), an E. coli glucose-1-phosphatase Agp (P19926), an Enterobacter cloacae glucose-1-phosphatase AgpE (Q6EV19), and an E. coli acid phosphatase YihX (P0A8Y3). The engineered nucleic acid encodes a glucose/hexose transporter activity, e.g. H. sapiens glucose transporter GLUT-1, -3, or -7 (P11166, P11169, Q6PXP3), a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hexose transporter (HXT)-1, -4, or -6 (P32465, P32467, P39003), and a Z. mobilis glucose uniporter Glf (P21906). The cell further comprises engineered nucleic acid encoding a Glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, a GlcP Bacteria GlcP of Synechocystis sp. (P 15729), a major glucose (or 2-deoxyglucose) uptake transporter GlcP Q7BEC, a hexose (glucose and fructose) transporter, a PfHT1 of Plasmodium falciparum 097467, a Glut-1 transporter, or a Glut-2 transporter. The cell is attenuated in an enzyme activity, e.g. cellulose synthase; glycogen synthase; sucrose phosphate synthase; sucrose phosphorylase; alpha-1,4-glucan lyase; and 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme. The cell further comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding a phosphatase or a hexokinase activity; and a glycogen hydrolysis activity, e.g. alpha, beta, gamma amylases; glucoamylase; isoamylase; pullulanase; amylomaltase; amylo-alpha-l,6-glucosidase; phosphorylase kinase; and phosphorylase. The cell is capable of producing a sugar or sugar phosphate, e.g. glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, maltose, and maltose phosphate. The cell is capable of producing the sugar or sugar phosphate above its endogenous levels and transporting the sugar outside of the cell. The cell produces a sugar, e.g. glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, pentose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The cell in culture is capable of producing sugar or sugar phosphate at 1 mg-150 g per liter of fermentation medium. The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding an activity, e.g. an acetyl-CoA acetyl transferase, AtoB, a beta -hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, a crotonase, a CoA dehydrogenase, a CoA-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and an aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase, AdhE. The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding an activity, e.g. 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphoheptonate aldolase, aroF (EC 2.5.1.54), a 3-dehydroquinate synthase, aroB (EC 4.2.3.4), a 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, aroD (EC 4.2.1.10), a 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase, quiC (EC 4.2.1.n), a beta -ketoadipyl-CoA synthase, pcaF (EC 2.3.1.174), a beta -ketoadipate CoA-transferase, pcalJ (EC 2.8.3.6), a 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone hydrolase, pcaL (EC 3.1.1.24), a 4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase, pcaL (EC 4.1.1.44), a gamma -carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase, pcaB (EC 5.5.1.2), a protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, pcaGH (EC 1.13.11.3), a protocatechuate-1,2-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, tpaC (EC 1.3.1.n), and a terephthalate 1 ,2-dioxygenase, tpaAB (EC 1.14.12.15). The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding an activity, e.g. alpha-D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, PGI1 (EC 5.3.1.9), a D-Mannose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, din9 (EC 5.3.1.8), a D-Mannose 6-phosphate 1,6-phosphomutase, atpmm (EC 5.4.2.8), a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, cyt (EC 2.7.7.22), a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-mannose 3,5-epimerase, gme (EC 5.1.3.18), a galactose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase, VTC2 (EC 2.7.n.n), an L-galactose 1-phosphate phosphatase, VTC4 (EC 3.1.3.n), an L-galactose dehydrogenase, At4G33670 (EC 1.1.1.122), and an L-galactonolactone oxidase, ATGLDH (EC 1.3.3.12). The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding an activity, e.g. C-16:1 thioesterase, fatB, a malonyl-CoA: ACP transacylase, fabD, an alcohol reductase, acrl, a decarbonylase, cerl, and a gene listed in Table 11 given in the specification. The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding a gene, e.g. E. coli tesA; E. coli fadD; and Acinetobacter baylyi wax-dgat. The cell is capable of producing an alkane, alkene, methyl ester, or ethyl ester. The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding a mouse encephalomyelitis virus (MEV) pathway enzyme, e.g. acetyl CoA thiolase, a hemoglobin (HMG) CoA synthase, an HMG CoA reductase, a mevalonate kinase, a phosphomevalonate kinase, a mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase, and an isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) isomerase. The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding a 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway enzyme, e.g. a 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase, a 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, a 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase, a 4-diphosphocytidyl 2C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, a 2C-methyl D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase, and an isopentyl/dimethylallyl diphosphate synthase. The cell comprises an engineered nucleic acid encoding an activity selected from a homocitrate synthase, lys21 (EC 2.3.3.14), a homoaconitase, lys4, lys3 (EC 4.2.1.36), a homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, lys12, lys11, lys10 (EC 1.1.1.87), a 2-aminoadipate transaminase, aro8 (EC 2.6.1.39), a phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, serA (EC 1.1.1.95), a phosphoserine transaminase serC (EC 2.6.1.52), a phosphoserine phosphatase, serB (EC 3.1.3.3), a serine-O-acetyltransferase, AtSerat2;1 (EC 2.3.1.30), a cysteine synthase, AtlG55880 (EC 2.5.1.47), an acetolactate synthase, ilvN, ilvB (EC 2.2.1.6), an acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, ilvC (EC 1.1.1.86), a dihydroxyacid dehydratase, ilvD (EC 4.2.1.9), a valine transaminase, ilvE (EC 2.6.1.42), an ACV synthetase, Ava1613 (EC 6.3.2.26), an isopenicillin-N-synthase, Ava5009 (EC 1.21.3.1), converts N (L 5 amino 5 carboxypentanoyl) L cysteinyl D valine and O2 to isopenicillin N, an isopenicillin N epimerase, cefD (EC 5.1.1.17), a cephalosporin biosynthesis expandase/hydroxylase, cefEF (EC 1.14.20.1, 1.14.11.26), and a deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase, cefG (EC 2.3.1.175). The cell is capable of producing a pharmaceutical or its intermediate. The cell in culture produces the pharmaceutical or its intermediate at 1 mg-150 g per liter of fermentation medium. The carbon-based product of interest comprises an alcohol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, fatty alcohols, fatty acid ester, wax ester, ethyl ester, methyl ester, hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, propane, octane, diesel, JP8, polymers, terephthalate, polyol, 1,3-propanediol, 1 ,4-butanediol, PHA, PHB, acrylate, adipic acid, epsilon -caprolactone, isoprene, caprolactam, rubber, lactate, DHA, 3-hydroxypropionate, gamma -valerolactone, lysine, serine, aspartate, aspartic acid, sorbitol, ascorbate, ascorbic acid, isopentenol, lanosterol, omega-3 DHA, lycopene, itaconate, 1,3 -butadiene, ethylene, propylene, succinate, citrate, citric acid, glutamate, malate, HPA, lactic acid, THF, gamma butyrolactone, pyrrolidones, hydroxybutyrate, glutamic acid, levulinic acid, acrylic acid, malonic acid, carotenoid, isoprenoid, itaconic acid, limonene, pharmaceutical or pharmaceutical intermediates, erythromycin 7-ADCA/cephalosporin, polyketides, statin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, terpene, peptide, steroid, and an omega fatty acid. The isoprenoid is isopentylpyrophosphate (IPP), dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAP), a monoterpene a sesquiterpene, a diterpene, a triterpene, a tetraterpene, and a polyterpene. The cell is selected from eukaryotic plants, algae, cyanobacteria, green-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, purple non-sulfur bacteria, extremophiles, yeast, fungi, engineered organisms thereof, and synthetic organisms. The cell is light dependent or fixes carbon and has autotrophic activity or photoautotrophic activity. The cell is photoautotrophic in the presence of light and heterotrophic or mixotrophic in the absence of light. The HyperPhotosynthetic organisms comprise: Arabidopsis thaliana, Panicum virgatum, Miscanthus giganteus, and Zea mays (plants), Botryococcus braunii, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Dunaliela salina (algae), Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-I (cyanobacteria), Chlorobium tepidum (green sulfur bacteria), Chloroflexus auranticus (green non-sulfur bacteria), Chromatium tepidum and Chromatium vinosum (purple sulfur bacteria), Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodobacter capsulatus, and Rhodopseudomonas palusris (purple non-sulfur bacteria). The organisms yeast and fungi such as Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium thermocellum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pseudomonas fluorescens, or Zymomonas mobilis. The synthetic cells or cells produced by synthetic genomes, HyperPhotosynthetic organisms. The cells are capable of conducting or regulating metabolic pathway, e.g. photosynthesis, sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, acetogenesis, reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, Calvin cycle, 3-HPA cycle and 3HP/4HB cycle. Preferred Method: In producing carbon-based product of interest or its intermediate, the cell is cultured in a photobioreactor. The carbon-based products of interest are released, permeated, or exported from the cell. A carbon-based product is isolated from the culture medium. The carbon-based product of interest is selected from the group consisting of alcohol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, fatty alcohols, fatty acid ester, wax ester, ethyl ester, methyl ester, hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, propane, octane, diesel, JP8, polymers, terephthalate, polyol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, PHA, PHB, acrylate, adipic acid, epsilon -caprolactone, isoprene, caprolactam, rubber, lactate, DHA, 3-hydroxypropionate, gamma -valerolactone, lysine, serine, aspartate, aspartic acid, sorbitol, ascorbate, ascorbic acid, isopentenol, lanosterol, omega-3 DHA, lycopene, itaconate, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene, propylene, succinate, citrate, citric acid, glutamate, malate, HPA, lactic acid, THF, gamma butyrolactone, pyrrolidones, hydroxybutyrate, glutamic acid, levulinic acid, acrylic acid, malonic acid, carotenoid, isoprenoid, itaconic acid, limonene, pharmaceutical or pharmaceutical intermediates, erythromycin 7-ADCA/cephalosporin, polyketides, statin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, terpene, peptide, steroid, and an omega fatty acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.