TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxyl ion is from a salt selected from LiOH, NaOH and/or KOH. The metallic coating layer is composed of a metal compound selected from Ag, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Pd, Sn, Ru, or their alloys. The metallic coating layer is selected from nickel and cobalt citrate, potassium tetrachloroplatinate, silver nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and/or potassium tetrachloroaurate. The anode polymeric strand electro-catalyst assembly and anode membrane-electrode assembly both are made from a metal selected from Pt, Au, Ag, Ni, Co, Fe, Ru, Sn and/or Pd. The anode catalysts are selected from Pt, Au, Ag, Ni, Co, Fe, Ru, Sn and/or Pd. The cathode catalysts are selected from cobalt, nickel and rhodium phthalocyanine or tetraphenylporphyrin, cobalt N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylendiamine and/or nickel N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylendiamine silver oxide. The oxygen compartment further comprises an oxygen source that is a gas or a liquid. The gas is air or pure oxygen. The base solution is selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, alkali metal borohydrides, alkaline metal hydrosulfite and/or alkaline metal sulfites. The liquid is a peroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anode and cathode polymeric strand electro-catalyst assembly comprise a porous conducting polymer material, coated with an electrically conductive metal layer that, itself, acts as a support material for catalytically active metals or metal compounds. The porous conducting polymer material is composed of a polymeric material selected from polyporphyrin, polyolefins, fluorinated ethylene/polypropylene copolymers, polysulfones, ethylene oxide-polyepichlorohydrin copolymers, chloromethylation or sulfochloromethylation. The ethylene oxide-polyepichlorohydrin copolymers are prepared by grafting with radiation. The anion exchange membrane is made from a quaternized polymers selected from polysiloxane containing a quaternary ammonium group, poly(oxyethylene) methacrylates containing ammonium groups, quaternized polyethersulfone cardo anion exchange membranes, and/or radiation-grafted polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene (FEP). The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is made from a fluoropolymer having sulfonated functional groups, where the fluoropolymer having sulfonated functional groups is a poly-perfluorovinyl ether terminated with sulfonate groups onto a tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) backbone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.