TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is cationic dispersant, anionic dispersant, nonionic dispersant or macromolecular dispersant. The cationic dispersant is selected from quaternary ammonium salt, aliphatic amine, alkoxy polyamine, aliphatic amine polyglycol ether or aliphatic alcohol. The anionic dispersant is selected from fatty acid salt, polyphosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfuric acid ester salt, alkyl aryl sulfonate salt, aryl sulfate ester salt, acylmethyl taurine salt, alkyl phosphoric ester salt, aryl phosphate ester salt or polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate ester salt. The nonionic dispersant is selected from polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester or polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. The macromolecular dispersant is selected from alkyl hydroxy cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylate and their derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polycarbonate, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyacrylamide, polyimide, polyarylamine salt, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer, polyvinylsulfuric acid salt or styrene-acrylic acid salt copolymer. The pigment or dye dopant is selected from aromatic monocyclic compound, aromatic fused ring compound, hetero-monocyclic compound, hetero fused ring compound, stilbene based compound, styryl compound, azobenzene compound, carbonium compound, indigo dye, squaraine compound, fluorene or their derivative, preferably 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-julolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran, pyrene, 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene, anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, 1,4-bis(2-(3-N-ethylcarbazoryl)vinyl)benzene, 4,4'-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,1'-biphenyl, Nile red, 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene, tetraphene, chrysene, benzo(e) pyrene, 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin, 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran, perylene, diphenyl-tetracene, quinacridone, N,N'-dimethyl-quinacridone, rubrene, tetraphenylporphyrin, rhodamine 6G, fullerene C60, phenanthrene, thiophene, coumarin, quinoline, benzothiazole, coronene, carbazole, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide, rhodamine B, benzidine, oxadiazole, diphenylanthracene, perinone orange 43, xanthene, benzoquinone, hydroxyquinoline, anthraquinone, stilbene, pyrazoline, pyran-4-ylidene propanedinitrile, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert.-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran, squarylium, tert. butylphenyl perylene tetracarboxylic diimide and 5,51-bis(4-(bis(4-methylphenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,2'-5',21-terthiophene. The metal complex dopant of general formula (I or II) is selected from tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline)europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(triphenylphosphineoxide) europium(III), tris(4,4,4-trifluoro)-1-(2-thylenil-1,3-butanedionanion)mono(phenanthroline)europium(III), tris (biphenoylmethane) mono (phenanthroline) europium(III), tris(dinaphthoylmethane) mono (phenanthroline) europium(III), tris(di(4-bromo)benzoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline) europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(5-aminophenanthroline)europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(4,7-diphenylphenanthroline) europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(4,7-dimethylphenanthroline) europium (III), tris(benzoylacetonato)mono(phenanthroline) europium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline)terbium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline)cerium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline)thulium(III), tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(phenanthroline)terbium(III) or tris (acetylacetonate) terbium (III). The metal complex of formula (III) is selected from iridium(III)bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2')acetylacetonate, iridium(III)bis(2-(4-toly)pyridinato-N,C2')acetylacetonate, iridium(III)bis(7,8-benzoquinolinato-N,C3')acetylacetonate, iridium(III)bis(2-phenylbenzothiozolato-N,C2')acetylacetonate, iridium(III)bis(2-phenylbenzothiozolato-N,C2')picolinate, iridium(III) bis(2-phenylbenzothiozolato-N,c2') (n-methylsalicylimine-N,O), iridium(III)bis(2-(1-naphthyl)benzothiazolate-N,C2')acetylacetonate, iridium(III) bis(2-phenylquinolyl-N,C2')acetylacetonate, iridium(III)-tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2'), iridium(III)-tris(7,8-benzoquinolinate-N,C3'), iridium(III)bis(4,6-difluorophenyl)-(pyridinato-N,C2')acetylacetonate, iridium(III) bis(4,6-difluorophenyl)-(pyridinato-N,C2')picolinate, iridium(III)tris(1-phenylisoquinoline), iridium(III)tris(2-(4-tolyl)pyridinato-N,C2'), iridium(III)bis(dibenzo(f,h)quinoxaline)acetylacetonate and iridium(III)bis(1-phenylisoquinolinyl-N,C2')acetylacetonate. The metal complex of formula (IV) is selected from 2,3,7,8,12,12,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (II), cis-bis(2-(2-thienyl)pyridine-N-C3) platinum (II) and 2,8,12,17-tetraethyl-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl porphyrin platinum(II). The host compound is selected from 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl, 4,4',41-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-phenanthroline, 9,10-bis(4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl)anthracene, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5(4-tert.-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole, 1,1-bis(4-bis(4-methylphenyl)-aminophenyl)-cyclohexane, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum, metal phthalocyanine, 4-biphenyloxolato aluminum(III)bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)4-phenylphenolate, N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, 4,4'-bis(N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino)biphenyl, N-(4-((1E)-2-(10-(4-(diphenylamino)styryl)anthracene-9-yl)vinyl) phenyl)-N-phenylbenzeneamine, 4,4'-bis(2,2'diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, 2-tert.-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbazole substituted polyacetylene. The metal complex dopant has general formula (I,II,III or IV) In formulae (I and II),M=europium, terbium, cerium or thulium;X=H or deuterium;Y'=1-20C alkyl, aryl, hydroxyl, nitro, sulfonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, phosphate, silyl, diazo or mercapto group or heterocyclic ring having nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur;L=aryl or heteroaryl ring;n=2-3;m=1-3; ando=0-3.In formula (III),3-n=m;M=metal atom, which forms octahedral complex;L=bidentate ligand of general formulae (V-XII or XIII);Y1 and Y2=monodentate ligand, which forms covalent-bond with nitrogen atom;X1-X8=C or hetero atom, preferably oxygen or sulfur atom; andR1-R8=substituent bonded to carbon atoms, preferably H, substituted 6C aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylene halo or nitro group.In formula (IV),M=platinum;A, B', C' and D=nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound; andS1,S2,S3 and S4=oxygen, sulfur, methylene or divalent substituent..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The host compound is selected from polyvinyl carbazole, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), poly (2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene-4,4'-bisphenylenevinylene), poly(thiophene), poly(9,9'-dialkylfluorene), poly(p-phenylene), poly(1,4-naphthalene vinylene), polystyrene, polysilane, poly(arylene vinylene) or their derivatives.