TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The carbon nanostructures contain single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and/or nanofibers. The support material is a flat substrate or powder. The flat substrate is chosen from wafers and sheets of silica, silicon, organometallic silica, p-doped or n-doped silicon wafer with or without silicon surface, silicon nitride, alumina, magnesium oxide, quartz, glass, oxidized silicon surface, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, gallium nitride, germanium, indium phosphide, sheets including iron, steel, stainless steel or molybdenum and ceramic including alumina, magnesia and titania. The powder is oxide of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium and/or zirconium. Preferred Composition: The metal composition comprises a metals of group VIb, Vb, VIII, or rhenium. The molar ratio of metals of group VIII with respect to metals of group VIb is 1:10-10:1, preferably 1:5-5:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon-containing gas is mixed with a carrier gas. The carrier gas is an inert gas. The hydrocarbon is chosen from aliphatic hydrocarbons, (un)saturated hydrocarbon including methane, ethane, propane, butane, hexane, ethylene and propylene and/or aromatic hydrocarbons including toluene, benzene and naphthalene. The mixture further comprises an oxygen-containing gas. The oxygen-containing gas is an alcohol. The catalyst is exposed to mixture in a reactor chosen from packed bed reactor, structured catalytic reactor and moving bed reactor. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of carbon dioxide with respect to hydrocarbon is 1:20-1:1. The molar ratio of the carbon-containing gas with respect to inert gas is 1:20-1:2. The catalyst comprises a catalytic metal composition deposited on support material. The content of metal composition is 0.01-10 weight%. Preferred Condition: The catalyst is exposed at 600-1100 degrees C, 650-1000 degrees C and 750-950 degrees C, respectively. EXAMPLE - Ferric nitrate nonahydrate and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate solution were mixed in magnesium oxide powder, ultrasonicated, dried at 383 K, ground to fine powder, and then calcined at 823 K, to obtain catalyst. The catalyst was reduced with hydrogen at 720 degrees C for 30 minutes and then followed by the adding methane at 50 ml/minute for 30 minutes. The obtained catalyst (200 mg) was uniformly spread into a thin layer on a graphite susceptor under nitrogen at flow rate of 200 ml/minute. Then, nitrogen was purged for 10 minutes, and subjected to radio frequency heating at 350 KHz, to obtain carbon nanostructure. The generation of carbon byproducts was prevented during production of carbon nanostructures.