TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterial cellulose is produced by a bacterium selected from Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, and Sarcina (preferably Acetobacter xylinum). In the separator membrane, the bacterial cellulose is aldehyde-treated bacterial cellulose, where the aldehyde-treated bacterial cellulose is treated with 10% glutaraldehyde at 60 degrees C for 24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: In the lithium battery, the component is a cathode, anode and a separator membrane, where the cathode comprises a mixture of LiFePO4 and bacterial cellulose and the anode comprises the bacterial cellulose calcined in a reducing atmosphere containing 2 vol.%/vol.% H2 and 98 vol.%/vol.% Ar; the mixture is calcined under a reducing environment (preferably 2 vol.%/vol.% H2 and 98 vol.%/vol.% Ar), at 800 degrees C for 2 hours; the LiFePO4 is formed by titrating a Li/Fe solution with citric acid and mixing the titrated Li/Fe solution with NH4H2PO4; the Li/Fe solution is prepared by mixing a LiCH2COOH solution with a Fe(NO3)3 solution; the LiFePO4 is prepared with a Li:Fe:citric acid:PO4 molar ratio of 1.03:1:1.5:1; the bacterial cellulose is added to the LiFePO4 solution to a final concentration of 8 wt./wt.%; the bacterial cellulose is calcined at 1000 degrees C; and the separator membrane comprises aldehyde-treated bacterial cellulose film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: In the carbon nanotubes-like material, anaerobic atmosphere is 100% N2; or 2 vol.%/vol.% H2 and 98 vol.%/vol.% Ar; and bacterial cellulose is carbonized at a temperature of 600-1200 (preferably 800-1000) degrees C. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further comprises: dehydrating the bacterial cellulose before the calcining step. In the method (M2), the Li/Fe solution comprises CH3COOHLi and Fe(NO3)3; Li/Fe solution has a Li:Fe molar ratio of 1.03:1; the Li/Fe solution is titrated with citric acid to a Li:Fe:citric acid molar ratio of 1.03:1:1.5; the PO4- is added in the form of NH4H2PO4/; the NH4H2PO4 is added to reach a Li:Fe:citric acid:PO4 molar ratio of 1.03:1:1.5:1; the bacterial cellulose is added to reach a final concentration of 8 wt./wt.%; the LiFePO4/bacterial cellulose mixture is calcined in a reducing atmosphere containing 2 vol.%/vol.% H2 and 98 vol.%/vol.% Ar; and the LiFePO4/bacterial cellulose mixture is calcined at 800 degrees C. In the method (M3), the bacterial cellulose film is treated with 10% glutaraldehyde at 60 degrees C for 24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aldehyde is 10% glutaraldhyde. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.