TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The lithium battery further comprises a cathode current collector in electronic contact with the cathode and an anode current collector in electronic contact with the anode and where the cathode and anode active material coatings have a thickness of less than 500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating (a1) comprises a cathode active material selected from cobalt oxide, doped cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, doped nickel oxide, manganese oxide, doped manganese oxide, iron phosphate, vanadium oxide, doped vanadium oxide, vanadium phosphate, mixed metal phosphates and/or metal sulfides. The coating (a1) is amorphous or comprises nano crystallites. The anode comprises graphite particles, meso-carbon micro-beads, or an anode active material selected from silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), or cadmium (Cd); alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, or Cd with other elements, where the alloys or compounds are stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric; and/or oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, and tellurides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Cd, and their mixtures or composites. The anode active material is in a thin film, thin coating, fine powder, or nanowire form with a thickness or diameter of less than 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The filaments have a diameter or thickness of less than 100 nm or the coating has a thickness of less than 1 mu m. The coating has a thickness of than 200 nm. The filaments comprise an electrically conductive material selected from electro-spun nano fibers, carbonized electro-spun nano fibers, vapor-grown carbon or graphite nano fibers, carbon or graphite whiskers, carbon nano-tubes, nano-scaled graphene platelets with length-to-width ratio of greater than 3, metal nano wires, metal-coated nano wires, carbon-coated nano wires, metal-coated nano fibers, and/or carbon-coated nano fibers, (preferably nano-scaled graphene platelets with length-to-width ratio of greater than 3 and thickness of less than 10 nm); and an electrically conductive, electro-spun polymer fiber, electro-spun polymer nanocomposite fiber comprising a conductive filler, nano carbon fiber obtained from carbonization of an electro-spun polymer fiber and/or electro-spun pitch fiber. The anode comprises a hybrid nano-filament composition (C2) containing the aggregate of nanometer-scaled, electrically conductive filaments (f1); and micron- or nanometer-scaled coating (a2) that is deposited on a surface of the filaments, where the coating (a2) comprises an anode active material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions and the coating has a thickness of less than 10 mu m. The coating (a1) content is not less than 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the coating and the filaments. The anode active material coating has a thickness of less than 1 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.