TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In (I), the transition metal is titanium, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, manganese, vanadium, tin, chromium, iron, niobium, molybdenum, palladium, cadmium, indium, germanium, tungsten, silicon, antimony, or magnesium. (I) is lithium-iron phosphate compound of formula (Li(1+ delta )Fe1-xMxPO4), where M is manganese, nickel or cobalt, delta is -0.1-0.1 and x is 0-1; lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide compound of formula (Li(1+ delta )NixMnxCo1-2xO2), where delta is -0.1-0.1 and x is 0-0.5; lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide compound of formula (Li(1+ delta )Ni(1-x-y)CoxMyO2), where M is aluminum or magnesium, delta is -0.1-0.1, x is 0-1 and y is 0-0.2; lithium-manganese oxide compound of formula (Li1+xMn2-xO4), where x is 0-0.33; lithium-titanium oxide of formula (Li4Ti5O12), lithium-manganese oxide of formula (LiMnO2) or lithium-nickel-manganese oxide of formula (LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4). The n-th order hierarchical structure is derived from a natural material, which is cotton, paper, woven fabrics, wood, pollen, starch, sugar beet, grass, wings of insects, egg inner shell, hair, squid bones, bacteria, chitin, sea urchin, or diatoms. (I) has a 3-rd order hierarchical structure in which the following three structures exist in a complex form: a shapeless particle structure having a diameter of a 1-st order unit of 1x 10-6-10x 10-6 m; a channel structure having a width of a 2-nd order unit of 1x 10-7-10x 10-7 m, a 3-rd order unit of 1x 10-8-10x 10-8 m, or a 4-th order unit of 1x 10-9-10x 10-9 m; and a shapeless pore structure having a lengthwise diameter of a 2-nd order unit of 1x 10-7-10x 10-7 m, a 3-rd order unit of 1x 10-8-10x 10-8 m, or a 4-th order unit of 1x 10-9-10x 10-9 m. (I) further comprises a carbonized natural material, which has an n-th (preferably 3-rd) order hierarchical structure. Preferred Process: The heat treating step is performed at a heating rate of 0.1-5 degrees C/minute to a final temperature of 300-1200 degrees C for 0.5-200 hours in an air atmosphere. The heat treating step comprises a first heat treatment process in which a lithium-transition metal complex is synthesized and the natural material is carbonized to form (I) comprising the carbonized natural material. The first heat treatment process is performed at a heating rate of 1-10 degrees C/minute to a final temperature of 300-1200 degrees C for 0.5-48 hours in an inert atmosphere. In the method, after the first heat treatment, the process further comprises a second heat treatment process in which the carbonized natural material is removed from (I) comprising the carbonized natural material prepared by the first heat treatment process. The second heat treatment process is performed at a heating rate of 0.5-5 degrees C/minute to a final temperature of 300-1000 degrees C for 0.5-48 hours in an air atmosphere. EXAMPLE - Lithium hydroxide (0.38 g) and titanium tetraisopropoxide (5.3 g) were added to ethyl alcohol (6 g), and then the mixture was dissolved until it became transparent. Cotton was immersed in the mixture to permeate the mixture into the cotton. The cotton with the mixture permeated in it to was rolled, dried in a vacuum oven at room temperature, and put into a crucible. The dried cotton was first heat treated at a heating rate of 3 degrees C/minute up to a final temperature of 850 degrees C for 12 hours in an argon atmosphere to prepare lithium-titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) and to carbonize the cotton, and producing Li4Ti5O12 comprising the carbonized cotton, then Li4Ti5O12 comprising the carbonized cotton was secondarily heat treated at a heating rate of 2 degrees C/minute up to a final temperature of 450 degrees C for 12 hours in an air atmosphere to remove the carbonized cotton to give Li4Ti5O12 having a hierarchical structure of the cotton.