TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The cathodic heat source is thermal energy generated by the electrochemical reaction at the cathode, and the thermal energy is delivered to the anode. The anodic heat source is thermal energy generated by the electrochemical reaction at the anode, and the thermal energy is delivered to the cathode. An additional thermal energy not generated by the reaction is provided to the anode. The magnitude of the voltage is less than 10 V; less than 1 V; less than about 0.5 V; or less than about 0.1 V (preferably less than 05, especially less than 0.1)V.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pH is any value, which is 10.5 + n(0.1) or greater than or equal to7 + n1(0.1) (wherein n is 0 - 55 for a single pH value or two different integers of 0 - 55 for a range of pH values and n1 is 0 - 90 for a single pH value or two different integers of 0 - 90 for a range of pH values). The pH is 11 - 16 (preferably 13 - 16, especially 14.5 - 16) or 7 - 16 (preferably 10.5 - 16, especially 14 - 16). The process is conducted at 25 - 350degreesC (preferably 50 - 300degreesC, especially 150 - 220degreesC) and at a pressure sufficient for at least a portion of the water to be in the liquid phase. The process further involves generating the oxidizable reactant in situ; introducing an ammonium salt into the reactor and controlling the pH at a level to effect decomposition of the ammonium salt, thus generating ammonia. When the oxidizable reactant is sulfur either in monoclinic form the process is conducted at 95 - 430degreesC; or in rhombic form the process is conducted at 113 - 430degreesC. The process is carried out at 120 - 200degreesC.Preferred Components: The electron transfer material is conductive metal, precious metal, carbon, intermetallic, conductive titanium suboxide, conductive magnesium suboxide, carbide, nitride, boride and/or ceramic. The mixture further comprises at least one conductive catalyst. The catalyst is selected from compounds, complexes and/or alloys comprising at least one metal selected from Group VIII transition metals (preferably platinum, nickel, palladium, iron, cobalt, iridium and/or ruthenium). The catalyst further comprises at least one metal selected from Group IB, Group IIB and/or Group VIIB (preferably copper, zinc, silver and rhenium). The catalyst is supported on or in a conductive or non-conductive material selected from metals, metal oxides, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, carbon, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and/or silicon boride. The support is in a form of bead, powder, flake, coatings extended substrate and/or monolith. The alkaline electrolyte is selected from ammonium hydroxide and/or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonates (preferably ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide). The metal of the alkaline electrolyte is selected from sodium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and/or lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The oxidizable reactant is saccharide, cellulose, starch, sugar, alcohol, ether, carboxylic acid, 1-4C alkane, aldehyde, ketone, ammonia, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, hydrocarbon, oxygenated hydrocarbon and/or biomass (preferably methane, ammonia, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, hydrocarbons and/or oxygenated hydrocarbon). The alcohol is selected from 1-6C alcohols (preferably methanol and/or ethanol, especially methanol). The ether is dimethyl ether, methylethyl ether and/or diethyl ether (preferably dimethyl ether). The oxidizable reactant is a mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether. EXAMPLE - Hydrogen gas was produced using methanol (40 ml) as oxidizable reactant and 45% KOH (250 ml) in water as a combined reducible reactant and electrolyte with E-Tek (RTM: supported platinum catalyst) (200 mg) at 200degreesC. The effect of pH of hydrogen production rate was observed. It was observed that the generation rate of hydrogen gas produced at alkaline pH was 5 - 6 times higher than the lower pH, such as at pH 10 the hydrogen production rate was about 9 SL/hour.g and at pH about 15 the hydrogen production rate was 50 SL/hour.g.