TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The specific surface area of crystalline activated carbon (P) is more than specific surface area of non-crystalline carbon material (N). The specific surface area of carbon fiber (P) is more than specific surface area of carbon fiber (N). The anode and/or cathode are doped with lithium ion such that anode electric potential is 2 V or less when short-circuiting anode and cathode. The carbon fiber (P) and/or carbon fiber (N) have Raman spectrum value of 1-2, Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 30-1000 m2/g, average fiber diameter of 1-500 nm, and aspect ratio of 10-15000. The total value of specific surface area of crystalline activated carbon (P) and carbon fiber (P) is 1800-2600 m2/g. The total value of specific surface area of non-crystalline carbon material (N) and carbon fiber (N) is 310-1800 m2/g. The crystalline activated carbon (P) has pore diameter of 0.6-0.8 nm, pore volume of 0.08-0.11 cm3/g, total pore volume of 8-11% and Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of 1700-2200 m2/g measured by Haley-Knott (HK) method from argon adsorption isotherm method. Preferred Material: The carbon fiber (P) and/or crystalline activated carbon (P) are substance reversibly supported with lithium ion and/or anion. The carbon fiber (N) and/or non-crystalline carbon material (N) are substance reversibly supported with lithium ion. The electrolyte solution contains lithium salt and aprotic organic solvent. The polarizing electrode layers (A,B) further contain conductive carbon and binder. The amount of carbon fiber (P) is 0.1-20 mass% with respect to crystalline activated carbon (P). The amount of carbon fiber (N) is 0.1-20 mass% with respect to non-crystalline carbon material (N).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate or their derivative. The lithium ion concentration of electrolyte solution is 1.3-2 mol/l. Preferred Component: The anode and cathode contain a compound having ionic permeability with electroconductive adhesive layer, and carbon microparticles. The compound having ionic permeability is compound obtained by cross-linking polysaccharide with cross-linking agent chosen from acrylamide, acrylonitrile, chitosan pyrrolidone carboxylic acid salt and hydroxypropyl chitosan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anode and cathode are sealed in container of stainless steel using sealing material containing polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyether ketone resin, polyether ether ketone resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, and/or polybutylene terephthalate resin, or material containing glass or aluminum.