TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The step of arranging involves contacting the device with the object, or using the device as cover of the object.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The medium comprises at least two pairs of sensitizer and emissive components, respectively, where each pair has a defined absorption wavelength region and a defined emission wavelength region, and the pairs of sensitizer and emissive components, respectively, differ from each other in at least their respective absorption wavelength region. The medium additionally comprises a further component for photon energy down-shifting or photon energy down-conversion, where the down-shifting or down-conversion component is also distributed within the matrix and is capable of absorbing light of a defined wavelength region and emitting light at a wavelength region longer than the defined wavelength region. The medium is arranged in a single layer or waveguide or shape suitable to cover parts or all of a surface of an object, upon which the light is incident, e.g. a solar cell. The single layer or waveguide or shape has cylindrical, parallelepiped or triclinic symmetry. The medium is arranged in several layers, each layer having a different pair of sensitizer and emissive components in it, where one layer of the several layers comprises the further component for photon energy down-shifting or down-conversion and the layer is devoid of any pair of sensitizer and emissive component. The medium comprises one pair of sensitizer and emissive component which absorbs in the green wavelength region and emits in the blue wavelength region, and another pair of sensitizer and emissive component, which absorbs in the red wavelength region and emits in the blue wavelength region. The further component for photon energy down-shifting or down-conversion absorbs light in the UV-wavelength region and emits light in the blue wavelength region. The medium comprises one pair of sensitizer and emissive component, which is perylene and palladium octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) and another pair of sensitizer and emissive component, which is perylene and platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP), preferably perylene as a component for photon energy down-conversion. The matrix is transparent at 300-1600 nm and is a solid with elastic, plastic, viscoelastic or viscoplastic properties, preferably an organic or inorganic glass with a viscosity of 1x 103 to 1x 1017 Pa.s or a viscous liquid having a viscosity of greater than or equal to 0.59x 10-3 Pa.s. The fluid has a viscosity of 0.59x 10-3 to 1x 106 Pa.s. The matrix is made of one or several materials, which are organic oligomers having a finite number of monomeric units, and co-oligomers being comprised of a mixture of monomeric units including the class of substituted or non-substituted styrenes, phenylenes, phenylene diamines, phenylene diols, methyl methacrylates, phenols, acrylic acids, vinyls (such as vinyl alcohol or vinyl chloride), lactic acids, carbohydrates, carbonates, imides, amides (such as acryl amide), olefins (such as ethylene and propylene), olefin oxides (such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide), olefin glycols (such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol), terephthalic acids, epsilon-caprolactams, urethanes, silanes, siloxanes and substituted and/or functionalized forms of above compounds, where the matrix optionally and additionally includes one or several organic solvents or water to vary, adjust and control the viscosity of the medium. The matrix is a solid or glass having a viscosity greater than or equal to 1x 103 Pa.s. The first component is a first organic compound and the second component is a second organic compound, where the first component is neither covalently bonded nor complexed to the second component, preferably covalently bonded or complexed to the second component. The first and the second organic compounds are different compounds. The first and the second organic compound is a carbon-containing compound, with the proviso that it is not a hydrogen-free chalcogenide of carbon or its derivative, salt-like carbide, metallic carbide or metal-carbonyl. The emissive component's emitting light at the second wavelength region lambda 2 is due to an up-conversion process based on direct or sequential two-photon excitation or on direct or sequential multi-photon excitation or on excitation of molecules populating high vibrational state(s) (hot-band absorption), which up-conversion process occurs upon absorption of light by the first component at the first wavelength region lambda 1, preferably the emissive component's emitting light at the second wavelength region lambda 2 is due to an up-conversion process based on a triplet-triplet annihilation process between photo-excited molecules of the emissive component and/or based on a triplet-triplet annihilation process between photo-excited molecules of the first component. The second wavelength region lambda 2 is 360-750 nm and the first wavelength region lambda 1 is 450-1600 nm. The first component is an organic dye or molecule having a populated triplet or mixed triplet-singlet state, a two-photon-absorbing (TPA)-dye, an optical limiting compound, another molecule with a populated triplet state or an optical limiting compound e.g. a fullerene or carbon nanotubes. The second component is an organic dye. The first component is a first organic dye and the second component is a second organic dye, where the first and second organic dyes are the same or different. The first and/or the second organic dye is organic dyes with populated triplet states or capable of direct and/or sequential two-photon excitation, organic dyes capable of direct and/or multi-photon excitation, organic dyes capable of non-linear absorption or organic dyes capable of hot-band absorption. The organic dye, in particular the first organic dye, is organic molecules having populated triplet states and especially metal-organic complexes having populated triplet states, for e.g. lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), vanadium(vanadium oxide) (V(VO)), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), lead (Pb) and/or uranium (uranium dioxide) (U(UO2)) containing organic complexes to ensure wavelength control. The first organic dye is compounds with a populated triplet state (including porphyrins (including extended porphyrins, texaphyrins, sapphyrins, orangerins, any carbon-bridged pyrrolic system and substituted porphyrins and any of the foregoing containing metals including Li, Mg, Al, Ti, V(VO), Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ru, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Pb, U(UO2)), phthalocyanines (including extended phthalocyanines, substituted phthalocyanines and any of the above phthalocyanines containing metals including Li, Mg, Al, Ti, V(VO), Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ru, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Pb and U(UO2)) and/or benzopyridines, benzopyrizines, quinolates and hydroxyquinolates, acetyl-acetonates, substituted benzopyridines, benzopyrizines, quinolates and hydroxyquinolates or acetyl-acetonates and the second organic dye is compounds showing fluorescence emission of 360-750 nm, in particular fluorescent dyes showing fluorescence emission at 360-750 nm, e.g. anthracenes, tetracenes, pentacenes, perylenes, substituted anthracenes, tetracenes, pentacenes, perylenes phenyl (bi-, tri-phenyl)-bridged anthracenes, tetracenes, pentacenes, perylenes-fluorenes, thiophenes, polyfluorenes or oligofluorenes, with or without any side chain pattern and their copolymers, polyparaphenylenes, including polyparaphenylene vinylene, and polyphenylene ethynylenes. The first and second organic dye are chosen such that a populated triplet state of the first organic dye is at an energy level allowing a triplet-triplet annihilation process and the subsequent transfer of energy to an excited singlet state of the second dye. The combinations of the first and second component are: green couple: diphenylanthracene (DPA)/PdOEP, (i.e. 9,10-DPA/2,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin palladium (PdOEP)), red couple (bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA))/meso-tetraphenyl-tetrabenzoporphyrin palladium (PdTPTBP) (i.e. 9,10-BPEA/meso-(PdTPTBP)), near infra red couple (bis(phenylethynyl)naphthacene (BPEN)/tetraphenyl-octamethoxide-tetranaphtho(2,3)porphyrin palladium (PdTPTNP) (i.e. 9,10-BPEN/meso- PdTPTNP), direct red-to-blue couple (perylene/tetraphenyl-tetrabenzoporphyrin palladium (PdTPTBP)) (i.e. dibenz(de,kl)anthracene (perylene)/meso-(PdTPTBP)), direct infrared-to-green couple (bis(5-tetracenyl)-1,1'-biphenylene (BPBT)/PdTPTNP) (i.e. 4,4'-(BPBT)/meso-(PdTPTNP))), infrared-to-yellow couple (rubrene/tetraanthraporphyrin palladium (PdTAP)). The first and the second components are homogeneously distributed within the matrix. The first and the second components are encapsulated in particles having average dimensions of 5 nm to 999 mu m (preferably 10 nm to 999 mu m), and such particles are homogeneously distributed within the matrix. The particles have a surface which is functionalized by functional groups to allow distribution of the particles within the matrix, where the functional group is H, -(CH2)nCH3, -(CH2)n-COOR, -(CH2)n-OR, -(CH2)n-SR, -(CH2)n-NR2, -((CH2)p-O)n-CH3).R = alkenyl (optionally substituted), H, alkynyl or halo (such as Cl, Br, F or I), NO2, NH2, CN, SO3H or OH.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix is an inorganic or organic gel having a viscosity of greater than or equal to 1x 10-1 Pa.s. The organic gel is an organic physical gel having non-covalent bonds or is a chemical gel having covalent bonds and preferably being crosslinked, where crosslinking is achieved by irradiation and/or by addition of crosslinking chemicals. The gel contains one or several linear and branched polymers (including poly(styrenes), (poly)phenylenes, poly(naphthalate), poly(terephthalate), poly(olefin-naphthalate) and poly(olefin-terephthalate), such as poly(ethylene naphthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(ether imides), poly(ether ketones), poly(hydroxyl-butyrates), poly(phenylene diamines), poly(phenylene diols), poly(methyl methacrylates), poly(phenols), poly(acrylic acids), poly(vinyls) (such as poly(vinyl alcohols) or poly(vinyl chlorides)), poly(lactic acids), poly(carbohydrates), poly(carbonate), poly(imide), poly(amide) (such as poly(acryl amide)), olefins (such as poly(ethylene) and poly(propylene)), poly(olefin oxides) (such as poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(propylene oxide)), poly(olefin glycols) (such as poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene glycol)), poly(terephthalic acids), poly(epsilon-caprolactam), poly(urethanes), polysilanes, poly(siloxanes))) and/or combinations, mixtures or blends of above compounds. The matrix is made of a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer ((block, alternating and/or graft copolymers) or their mixture and/or with one or several suitable solvents to control and adjust viscoelasticity or plastoelasticity of the medium, where the matrix is made of polymer or copolymer (including block, alternating and/or graft copolymers with molecular weights from 103 to ca. 109 (including poly (styrenes), (poly)phenylenes, poly(naphthalate), poly(terephthalate), poly(olefin-naphthalate) and poly(olefin-terephthalate) (such as poly(ethylene naphthalate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate)), poly(ether imides), poly(ether ketones), poly(hydroxyl-butyrates), poly(phenylene diamines), poly(phenylene diols), poly(methyl methacrylates), poly(phenols), poly(acrylic acids), poly(vinyls) (such as poly(vinyl alcohols) or poly(vinyl chlorides)), poly(lactic acids), poly(carbohydrates), poly(carbonate), poly(imide), poly(amide) (such as poly(acryl amide)), olefins (such as poly(ethylene) and poly(propylene)), poly(olefin oxides) (such as poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(propylene oxide)), poly (olefin glycols) (such as poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene glycol)), poly(terephthalic acids), poly(epsilon-caprolactam), poly(urethanes), poly(silanes), poly(siloxanes))) and/or combinations, mixtures or blends of above compounds. The matrix is made of a thermosetting plastic, where the thermosetting plastic is polyester resins, epoxy resins, preferably two-component epoxy resins, acrylics, polyimides, melamine resins or phenol-formaldehyde resins. The matrix is made of elastic solid and more specifically a polymer elastomer comprising polyacrylic rubbers, silicone rubbers, fluorosilicone rubbers, fluoroelastomers, perfluoroelastomers, polyether-block-amides or olefin rubbers. The matrix does not take part in a photon energy upconversion process upon irradiation of the medium.