TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In converting the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to the commodity chemical, the biomass is selected from marine biomass and vegetable/fruit/plant biomass, where the marine biomass is selected from kelp, giant kelp, sargasso, seaweed, algae, marine microflora, microalgae, and sea grass. The vegetable/fruit/plant biomass comprises plant peel or pomace. Also, the vegetable/fruit/plant biomass is selected from citrus, potato, tomato, grape, gooseberry, carrot, mango, sugar-beet, apple, switchgrass, wood, and stover. The suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide is obtained from a biomass-derived polysaccharide, where the polysaccharide is selected from alginate, agar, carrageenan, fucoidan, pectin, polygalacturonate, cellulose, hemicellulose, xylan, arabinan, and mannan. The suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide is selected from 2-keto-3-deoxy D-gluconate (KDG) gluronate, mannuroriate, marmitol, lyxose, glycerol, xylitol, glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, glucuronate, galacturonates, and rhamnose, and D-mannitol. The commodity chemical is selected from methane, methanol, ethane, ethene, ethanol, n-propane, 1-propene, 1-propanol, propanal, acetone, propionate, n-butane, 1-butene, 1-butanol, butanal, butanoate, isobutanal, isobutanol, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanol, 2-butene, 2-butanol, 2-butanone, 2,3-butanediol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,3-butanedione, ethylbenzene, ethenylbenzene, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-phenylbutane, 4-phenyl-1-butene, 4-phenyl-2-butene, 1-phenyl-2-butene, 1-phenyl-2-butanol, 4-phenyl-2-butanol, 1-phenyl-2-butanone, 4-phenyl-2-butanone, 1-phenyl-2,3-butandiol, 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-phenyl-2,3-butanedione, n-pentane, ethylphenol, ethenylphenol, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol, , 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-butene, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butene, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-butene, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 2,3-butandiol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-butanonedione, indolylethane, indolylethene, 2-(indole-3-)ethanol, n-pentane, 1-pentene, 1-pentanol, pentanal, pentanoate, 2-pentene, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 4-methylpentanal, 4-methylpentanol, 2,3-pentanediol, 2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 2,3-pentanedione, 2-methylpentane, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, 4-methyl-3-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-methyl-3-pentanone, 4-methyl-2,3-pentanediol, 4-methyl-2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 4-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-2,3-pentanedione, 1-phenylpentane, 1-phenyl-1-pentene, 1-phenyl-2-pentene, 1-phenyl-3-pentene, 1-phenyl-2-pentanol, 1-phenyl-3-pentanol, 1-phenyl-2-pentanone, 1-phenyl-3-pentanone, 1-phenyl-2,3-pentanediol, 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 1-phenyl-2,3-pentanedione, 4-methyl-1-phenylpentane, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentene, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pentene, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3-pentanediol, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3-pentanedione , 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-pentene, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pentene, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentene, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentanol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-pentanediol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-pentanedione, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pentene, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentene, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-pentanediol, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-pentanedione , 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 1-indole-3-pentane, 1-(indole-3)-1-pentene, 1-(indole-3)-2-pentene, 1-(indole-3)-3-pentene, 1-(indole-3)-2-pentanol, 1-(indole-3)-3-pentanol, 1-(indole-3)-2-pentanone, 1-(indole-3)-3-pentanone, 1-(indole-3)-2,3-pentanediol, 1-(indole-3)-2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 1-(indole-3)-3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 1-(indole-3)-2,3-pentanedione, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3-)pentane, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-pentene, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-pentene, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-1-pentene, 4-methyl-2-(indole-3)-3-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2,3-pentanediol, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2,3-pentanedione, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hydroxy-3-pentanone, n-hexane, 1-hexene, 1-hexanol, hexanal, hexanoate, 2-hexene, 3-hexene, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, 2,3-hexanediol, 2,3-hexanedione, 3,4-hexanediol, 3,4-hexanedione, 2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 3-hydroxy-4-hexanone, 4-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-3-hexene, 5-methyl-1-hexene, 5-methyl-2-hexene, 4-methyl-1-hexene, 4-methyl-2-hexene, 3-methyl-3-hexene, 3-methyl-2-hexene, 3-methyl-1-hexene, 2-methyl-3-hexanol, 5-methyl-2-hexanol, 5-methyl-3-hexanol, 2-methyl-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-3-hexanone, 2-methyl-3,4-hexanediol, 2-methyl-3,4-hexanedione, 5-methyl-2,3-hexanediol, 5-methyl-2,3-hexanedione, 4-methyl-2,3-hexanediol, 4-methyl-2,3-hexanedione, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-hexanone, 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2-hexene, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexanol, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexanone, 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-hexanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-hexanedione, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenylhexane, 4-methyl-1-phenylhexane, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-1-hexene, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hexene, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hexene, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hexene, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hexene, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3-hexanediol, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3-hexanediol, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3-hexanedione, 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3-hexanedione, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexane, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hexene, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hexene, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexene, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hexene, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexene, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-hexanediol, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-hexanediol, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-hexanedione, 4-methyl-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-hexanedione, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)hexane, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-1-hexene, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hexene, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hexene, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hexene, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hexene, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2,3-hexanediol, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2,3-hexanediol, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone, 5-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2,3-hexanedione, 4-methyl-1-(indole-3)-2,3-hexanedione, n-heptane, 1-heptene, 1-heptanol, heptanal, heptanoate, 2-heptene, 3-heptene, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 4-heptanol, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 2,3-heptanediol, 2,3-heptanedione, 3,4-heptanediol, 3,4-heptanedione, 2-hydroxy-3-heptanone, 3-hydroxy-2-heptanone, 3-hydroxy-4-heptanone, 4-hydroxy-3-heptanone, 2-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, 6-methyl-2-heptene, 6-methyl-3-heptene, 2-methyl-3-heptene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, 5-methyl-2-heptene, 5-methyl-3-heptene, 3-methyl-3-heptene, 2-methyl-3-heptanol, 2-methyl-4-heptanol, 6-methyl-3-heptanol, 5-methyl-3-heptanol, 3-methyl-4-heptanol, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, 2-methyl-4-heptanone, 6-methyl-3-heptanone, 5-methyl-3-heptanone, 3-methyl-4-heptanone, 2-methyl-3,4-heptanediol, 2-methyl-3,4-heptanedione, 6-methyl-3,4-heptanediol, 6-methyl-3,4-heptanedione, 5-methyl-3,4-heptanediol, 5-methyl-3,4-heptanedione, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-heptanone, 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-heptanone, 6-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-heptanone, 6-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-heptanone, 5-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-heptanone, 5-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-heptanone, 2,6-dimethylheptane, 2,5-dimethylheptane, 2,6-dimethyl-2-heptene, 2,6-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,5-dimethyl-2-heptene, 2,5-dimethyl-3-heptene, 3,6-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,6-dimethyl-3-heptanol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol, 2,5-dimethyl-3-heptanol, 2,5-dimethyl-4-heptanol, 2,6-dimethyl-3,4-heptanediol, 2,6-dimethyl-3,4-heptanedione, 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-heptanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-heptanedione, 2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-heptanone, 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-heptanone, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-heptanone, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-heptanone, n-octane, 1-octene, 2-octene, 1-octanol, octanal, octanoate, 3-octene, 4-octene, 4-octanol, 4-octanone, 4,5-octanediol, 4,5-octanedione, 4-hydroxy-5-octanone, 2-methyloctane, 2-methyl-3-octene, 2-methyl-4-octene, 7-methyl-3-octene, 3-methyl-3-octene, 3-methyl-4-octene, 6-methyl-3-octene, 2-methyl-4-octanol, 7-methyl-4-octanol, 3-methyl-4-octanol, 6-methyl-4-octanol, 2-methyl-4-octanone, 7-methyl-4-octanone, 3-methyl-4-octanone, 6-methyl-4-octanone, 2-methyl-4,5-octanediol, 2-methyl-4,5-octanedione, 3-methyl-4,5-octanediol, 3-methyl-4,5-octanedione, 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-octanone, 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-4-octanone, 3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-octanone, 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-4-octanone, 2,7-dimethyloctane, 2,7-dimethyl-3-octene, 2,7-dimethyl-4-octene, 2,7-dimethyl-4-octanol, 2,7-dimethyl-4-octanone, 2,7-dimethyl-4,5-octanediol, 2,7-dimethyl-4,5-octanedione, 2,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-octanone, 2,6-dimethyloctane, 2,6-dimethyl-3-octene, 2,6-dimethyl-4-octene, 3,7-dimethyl-3-octene, 2,6-dimethyl-4-octanol, 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-octanone, 3,7-dimethyl-4-octanone, 2,6-dimethyl-4,5-octanediol, 2,6-dimethyl-4,5-octanedione, 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-octanone, 2,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-4-octanone, 3,6-dimethyloctane, 3,6-dimethyl-3-octene, 3,6-dimethyl-4-octene, 3,6-dimethyl-4-octanol, 3,6-dimethyl-4-octanone, 3,6-dimethyl-4,5-octanediol, 3,6-dimethyl-4,5-octanedione, 3,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-octanone, n-nonane, 1-nonene, 1-nonanol, nonanal, nonanoate, 2-methylnonane, 2-methyl-4-nonene, 2-methyl-5-nonene, 8-methyl-4-nonene, 2-methyl-5-nonanol, 8-methyl-4-nonanol, 2-methyl-5-nonanone, 8-methyl-4-nonanone, 8-methyl-4,5-nonanediol, 8-methyl-4,5-nonanedione, 8-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-nonanone, 8-methyl-5-hydroxy-4-nonanone, 2,8-dimethylnonane, 2,8-dimethyl-3-nonene, 2,8-dimethyl-4-nonene, 2,8-dimethyl-5-nonene, 2,8-dimethyl-4-nonanol, 2,8-dimethyl-5-nonanol, 2,8-dimethyl-4-nonanone, 2,8-dimethyl-5-nonanone, 2,8-dimethyl-4,5-nonanediol, 2,8-dimethyl-4,5-nonanedione, 2,8-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-nonanone, 2,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-4-nonanone, 2,7-dimethylnonane, 3,8-dimethyl-3-nonene, 3,8-dimethyl-4-nonene, 3,8-dimethyl-5-nonene, 3,8-dimethyl-4-nonanol, 3,8-dimethyl-5-nonanol, 3,8-dimethyl-4-nonanone, 3,8-dimethyl-5-nonanone, 3,8-dimethyl-4,5-nonanediol, 3,8-dimethyl-4,5-nonanedione, 3,8-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-5-nonanone, 3,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-4-nonanone, n-decane, 1-decene, 1-decanol, decanoate, 2,9-dimethyldecane, 2,9-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,9-dimethyl-4-decene, 2,9-dimethyl-5-decanol, 2,9-dimethyl-5-decanone, 2,9-dimethyl-5,6-decancdiol, 2,9-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-5-decanone, 2,9-dimethyl-5,6-decanedionen-undecane, 1-undecene, 1-undecanol, undecanal, undecanoate, n-dodecane, 1-dodecene, 1-dodecanol, dodecanal, dodecanoate, n-dodecane, 1-decadecene, 1-dodecanol, dodecanal, dodecanoate, n-tridecane, 1-tridecene, 1-tridecanol, tridecanal, tridecanoate, n-tetradecane, 1-tetradecene, 1-tetradecanol, tetradecanal, tetradecanoate, n-pentadecane, 1-pentadecene, 1-pentadecanol, pentadecanal, pentadecanoate, n-hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, 1-hexadecanol, hexadecanal, hexadecanoate, n-heptadecane, 1-heptadecene, 1-heptadecanol, heptadecanal, heptadecanoate, n-octadecane, 1-octadecene, 1-octadecanol, octadecanal, octadecanoate, n-nonadecane, 1-nonadecene, 1-nonadecanol, nonadecanal, nonadecanoate, eicosane, 1-eicosene, 1-eicosanol, eicosanal, eicosanoate, 3-hydroxy propanal, 1,3-propanediol, 4-hydroxybutanal, 1,4-butanediol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2, 3-butandiol, 1,5-pentanediol, homocitrate, homoisocitorate, b-hydroxy adipate, glutarate, glutarsemialdehyde, glutaraldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1-cyclopentanone, 1,2-cyclopentanediol, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanol, (S)-2-acetolactate, (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-isovalerate, 2-oxoisovalerate, isobutyryl-coenzyme A (CoA), isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, 5-amino pentaldehyde, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,10-diamino-5-decene, 1,10-diamino-5-hydroxydecane, 1,10-diamino-5-decanone, 1,10-diamino-5,6-decanediol, 1,10-diamino-6-hydroxy-5-decanone, phenylacetoaldehyde, 1,4-diphenylbutane, 1,4-diphenyl-1-butene, 1,4-diphenyl-2-butene, 1,4-diphenyl-2-butanol, 1,4-diphenyl-2-butanone, 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-butanediol, 1,4-diphenyl-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-(4-hydeoxyphenyl)-4-phenylbutane, 1-(4-hydeoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1-butene, 1-(4-hydeoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butene, 1-(4-hydeoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanol, 1-(4-hydeoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanone, 1-(4-hydeoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2,3-butanediol, 1-(4-hydeoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-(indole-3 )-4-phenylbutane, 1-(indole-3)-4-phenyl-1-butene, 1-(indole-3)-4-phenyl-2-butene, 1-(indole-3)-4-phenyl-2-butanol, 1-(indole-3)-4-phenyl-2-butanone, 1-(indole-3)-4-phenyl-2,3-butanediol, 1-(indole-3)-4-phenyl-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-hydroxyphenylacetoaldehyde, 1,4-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 1,4-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-butene, 1,4-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butene, 1,4-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, 1,4-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 1,4-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-butanediol, 1,4-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(indole-3-)butane, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(indole-3)-1-butene, 1-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(indole-3)-2-butene, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(indole-3)-2-butanol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(indole-3)-2-butanone, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(indole-3)-2,3-butanediol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(indole-3)-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, indole-3-acetoaldehyde, 1,4-di(indole-3-)butane, 1,4-di(indole-3)-1-butene, 1,4-di(indole-3)-2-butene, 1,4-di(indole-3)-2-butanol, 1,4-di(indole-3)-2-butanone, 1,4-di(indole-3)-2,3-butanediol, 1,4-di(indole-3)-3-hydroxy-2-butanone, succinate semialdehyde, hexane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 3-hexene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-hexane-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 3-hexanone-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-hexanediol-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-hexanone-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, flicoidan, iodine, chlorophyll, carotenoid, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, and phosphate. Alternatively, converting the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to the commodity chemical comprises contacting the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide with a microbial system for a time sufficient to convert to the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to the commodity chemical, where the microbial system comprises: (i) one or more genes encoding and expressing a biosynthesis pathway; (ii) one or more genes encoding and expressing a C-C ligation pathway; and (iii) a reduction and dehydration pathway, comprising one or more genes encoding and expressing an enzyme selected from a diol dehydrogenase, a diol dehydratase, and a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase, thus converting the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to the commodity chemical. The biosynthesis pathway is selected from (a) an aldehyde biosynthesis pathway, (b) a ketone synthesis pathway, and (c) both (a) and (b). The biosynthesis pathway comprises an acetoaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the acetoaldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to an acetoaldehyde. The biosynthesis pathway also comprises a propionaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the propionaldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a propionaldehyde. Likewise, the biosynthesis pathway comprises a butyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the butyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a butyraldehyde. It further comprises an isobutyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the isobutyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to an isobutyraldehyde. The biosynthesis pathway as well comprises a 2-methylbutyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the 2-methylbutyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a 2-methylbutyraldehyde; a 3-methylbutyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the 3-methylbutyraldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a 3-methibutyraldehyde; a 4-methylpentaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the 4-methylpentaldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a 4-methylpentaldehyde; a phenylacetaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the phenylacetaldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a phenylacetaldehyde; a 5-amino pentaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the 5-amino pentaldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a 5-amino pentaldehyde; a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde; a 2-(indole-3) acetaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and where the 2-(indole-3) acetaldehyde biosynthesis pathway converts the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to a 2-(indole-3) acetaldehyde. Moreover, the C-C ligation pathway comprises at least one enzyme selected from an acetoaldehyde lyase, a propionaldehyde lyase, a butyraldehyde lyase, an isobutyraldehyde lyase, a 2-methyl-butyraldehyde lyase, a 3-methyl-butyraldehyde lyase, a phenylacetaldehyde lyase, an oxaloacetate decarboxylase, an alpha -keto glutarate decarboxylyase, an alpha -keto adipate decarboxylyase, a pentaldehyde lyase, a 4-methyl-pentaldehyde lyase, a hexaldehyde lyase, a heptaldehyde lyase, an octaldehyde lyase, a 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde lyase, an indoleacetaldehyde lyase, an indolephenylacetaldehyde lyase, a benzaldehyde lyase, a pyruvate decarboxylase, a benzformate lyase, and a 2-keto isovalerate decarboxylase. The C-C ligation pathway further comprises a C-C ligase or an optimized C-C ligase, where the C-C ligase or optimized C-C ligase comprises at least one enzymatic activity selected from an acetoaldehyde lyase activity, a propionaldehyde lyase activity, a butyraldehyde lyase activity, an isobutyraldehyde lyase activity, a 2-methyl-butyraldehyde lyase activity, a 3-methyl-butyraldehyde lyase activity, a phenylacetaldehyde lyase activity, an oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity, an alpha -keto glutarate decarboxylyase activity, an alpha -keto adipate decarboxylyase activity, a pentaldehyde lyase activity a 4-methyl-pentaldehyde lyase activity, a hexaldehyde lyase activity, a heptaldehyde lyase activity, an octaldehyde lyase activity, a 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde lyase activity, an indoleacetaldehyde lyase activity, an indolephenylacetaldehyde lyase activity, a benzaldehyde lyase activity, a pyruvate decarboxylase activity, a benzformate lyase activity, and a 2-keto isovalerate decarboxylase activity. The C-C ligation pathway comprises a benzaldehyde lyase, or a biologically active variant or fragment, where the benzaldehyde lyase is derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens. The benzaldehyde lyase comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 144, sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The amino acid sequence of the benzaldehyde lyase comprises one or more conserved residues selected from Gly27, Glu50, Ala57, Gly155, Pro162, Pro234, Asp271, Gly277, Gly422, Gly447, Asp448, and Gly512. Furthermore, the dehydration and reduction pathway comprises the diol dehydrogenase selected from 108 dehydrogenases, e.g. 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, 3,4-hexanediol dehydrogenase, 4,5-octanediol dehydrogenase, 5,6-deeanediol dehydrogenase, and 6,7-dodecanediol dehydrogenase. The diol dehydrogenase also comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the amino acid sequence of fully defined 256-362 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 98, 100, or 102), given in the specification. The dehydration and reduction pathway as well comprises a diol dehydratase selected from 106 dehydratases, e.g. 2,3-butanediol dehydratase, 3,4-hexanediol dehydratase, 4,5-octanediol dehydratase, 5,6-decanediol dehydratase, and 6,7-dodecanediol dehydratase. The diol dehydratase comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the amino acid sequence of fully defined 174-572 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 104, 106, 108), given in the specification, SEQ ID NO: 308, 309, 310, or 311, sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 104, sequence not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication, comprises one or more conserved residues selected from Asp149, Pro151, Ala155, Ala159, Gly165, Glu168, Glu170, Ala183, Gly189, Gly196, Gln200, Glu208, Gly215, Tyr219, Glu221, Ile222, Ser224, Tyr226, Gly227, Thr228, Phe232, Gly235, Asp236, Asp237, Thr238, Pro239, Ser241, Leu245, Tyr249, Ser251, Arg252, Gly253, Lys255, Arg257, Ser260, Glu265, Met268, Gly269, Ser275, Tyr278, Leu279, Glu280, Cys283, Gly291, Gln293, Gly294, Gln296, Asn297, Gly298, Gly312, Glu329, Ser341, Arg344, Gly356, Asp371, Asn372, Pro374, Ser377, Arg392, Asp393, Arg412, Leu477, Ala486, Gly499, Asp500, Ser516, Asn522, Asp523, Tyr524, Gly526, and Gly530. Also, the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 310 comprises one or more conserved residues selected from Ile36, Gly74, Pro87, Glu88, Glu97, Trp126, Arg221, Ala263, Gln265, Arg287, Asp289, Glu309, Arg317, Gly335, Gly345, Gly346, Asn356, Pro374, Arg379, Gly399, Gly401, Pro403, Asp408, Gly432, Cys433, Asn452, Cys529, Gly533, Gly539, Gly540, Ser559, Gly603, Asn604, Ala654, Gly658, Arg659, Asp676, Asn702, Gln735, Asn737, Ala747, Pro751, Arg760, Val761, Ala762, Gly763, Gln776, Ile780, and ARg782. The polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 311 comprises one or more conserved residues selected from Asp19, Gly20, Gly22, Arg24, Phe28, Gly31, Cys32, Cys36, Trp38, Cys39, Asn41, Pro42, Cys58, Cys64, Cys96, Gly129, Thr132, Gly135, Gly136, Asp185, Arg187, Asn208, Arg222, and Arg264. Furthermore, the dehydration and reduction pathway comprises a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase selected from 111 dehydrogenases, e.g. 2-butanol dehydrogenase, 3-hexanol dehydrogenase, 4-octanol dehydrogenase, 5-decanol dehydrogenase, 6-dodecanol dehydrogenase, 7-tetradecanol dehydrogenase, 8-hexadecanol dehydrogenase, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexanol dehydrogenase, 3,6-dimethyl-4-octanol dehydrogenase, and 2,7-dimethyl-4-octanol dehydrogenase. The secondary alcohol dehydrogenase comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, and 142, sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. Likewise, the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase comprises at least one of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), or a NADPH binding motif, where the NADH-, NADH, NADP+, or NADPH binding motif is selected from Y-X-G-G-X-Y, Y-X-XG-G-X-Y, Y-X-X-X-G-G-X-Y, Y-X-G-X-X-Y, Y-X-X-G-G-X-X-Y, Y-X-X-X-G-XX-Y, Y-X-G-X-Y, Y-X-X-G-X-Y, Y-X-X-X-G-X-Y, and Y-X-X-X-X-G-X-Y.Y=selected from alanine, glycine, and serine;G=glycine; andX=selected from a genetically encoded amino acid.. In a second alternative case, converting the suitable monosaccharide to the commodity chemical comprises contacting the suitable monosaccharide with the microbial system for a time sufficient to convert to the suitable monosaccharide to the commodity chemical, where the microbial system comprises, (i) one or more genes encoding and expressing the pathway selected from a fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, an amino acid biosynthetic pathway, and a short chain alcohol biosynthetic pathway; (ii) one or more genes encoding and expressing the keto-acid decarboxylase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and/or alcohol dehydrogenase; and (iii) an enzymatic reduction pathway selected from (1) an enzymatic long chain alcohol reduction pathway, (2) an enzymatic decarbonylation pathway, (3) an enzymatic decarboxylation pathway, and (4) an enzymatic reduction pathway comprising (1), (2), and/or (3), thus converting the suitable monosaccharide or oligosaccharide to the commodity chemical. Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism is capable of converting a suitable monosaccharide or suitable oligosaccharide to a commodity chemical, or an intermediate. The genes encoding the biosynthesis pathway encode a pathway selected from the acetoaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, 2-methyl-butyraldehyde, 3-methyl-butyraldehyde, 4-methylpentaldehyde, phenyl acetaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, 5-amino-pentaldehyde, succinate semialdehyde, succinate 4-hydroxyphenyl acetaldehyde, and an indole-3-acetaldehyde biosynthesis pathway, and combinations. The genes encoding and expressing the C-C ligation pathway comprise a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143. Moreover, the genes encoding the diol dehydrogenase comprise a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97, 99, or 101, sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. Also, the genes encoding the diol dehydratase comprise a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103, 105, or 107, sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The genes encoding a secondary alcohol dehydrogenase comprise a nucleotide sequence that is at least 80-99% identical to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, or 141, sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. Alternatively, the recombinant microorganism comprises one or more genes encoding and expressing the aldehyde or ketone biosynthesis pathway, where the pathway comprises at least one exogenous gene. In a second alternative case, the recombinant microorganism comprises one or more exogenous genes encoding and expressing one or more enzymes selected from the C-C ligase, the diol dehydrogenase, the diol dehydratase, and the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. The enzymes comprise the C-C ligase and the diol dehydrogenase. The enzymes also comprise the diol dehydrogenase and the diol dehydratase. The microorganism comprises reduced ethanol production capability compared to a wild-type microorganism. The microorganism comprises a reduction or inhibition in the conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (coA) to ethanol. It further comprises a reduction of an ethanol dehydrogenase, thus providing a reduced ethanol production capability. The ethanol dehydrogenase is an adhE, homolog or variant. Likewise, the microorganism comprises a deletion or knockout of an adhE, homolog or variant The recombinant microorganism comprises one or more deletions or knockouts in a gene encoding an enzyme selected from an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-coA to ethanol, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fumarate to succinate, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-coA and phosphate to coA and acetyl phosphate, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-coA and formate to coA and pyruvate, and an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha -keto acid to branched chain amino acids. The microorganism is bacteria, preferably gram-negative bacteria. The microorganism is also a eukaryote, where the eukaryote is a fungus, and where the fungus is yeast. In a third alternative case, the recombinant microorganism comprises (i) one or more genes encoding and expressing the pathway selected from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, the amino acid biosynthetic pathway, and the short chain alcohol biosynthetic pathway; (ii) one or more genes encoding and expressing the keto-acid decarboxylase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and/or alcohol dehydrogenase; and (iii) the enzymatic reduction pathway selected from (1) the enzymatic long chain alcohol reduction pathway, (2) the enzymatic decarbonylation pathway, (3) the enzymatic decarboxylation pathway, and (4) the enzymatic reduction pathway comprising (1), (2), and/or (3). In the recombinant microorganism or microbial system, the microorganism is selected from 136 microorganisms, e.g. Acetobacter aceti, Bacillus alcalophilus, Candida cylindracea, Escherichia coli, and yeast. Preferred Chemical: The commodity chemical is selected from a C10-C12 hydrocarbon, 2-phenylethanol, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol, and indole-3-ethanol, where the C10-C12 hydrocarbon is selected from 2,7-dimethyloctane and 2,9-dimethyldecane. The refinery-produced petroleum product is selected from jet fuel and diesel fuel. SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - Specifically claimed are diol dehydrogenase and diol dehydratase polypeptide sequences comprising 174-572 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, and 108). All sequences are fully defined in the specification.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.