TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalysts: The catalyst precursor is nickel salt, cobalt salt, platinum salt, or palladium. Preferred Components: The borohydride is sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, and/or lithium borohydride. The nickel salt is nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2), nickel(II) nitrate (Ni(NO3)2), nickel(II) sulfate (NiSO4), it contains the crystal water salt or its water solution. The cobalt salt is cobalt(II) sulfate (CoSO4), cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2), cobalt(II) nitrate (Co(NO3)2), it contains the crystal water salt or its water solution. The platinum salt is ammonium chloroplatinate ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) ((NH4)2PtCl6), potassium platinum(IV) hexachloride (K2PtCl6), ammonium tetrachloroplatinate(II) ((NH4)2PtCl4), potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) (K2PtCl4), platinum tetrachloride (PtCl4), platinum chloride (PtCl2), or platinum nitrate (Pt(NO3)2). The palladium is palladium(II) nitrate (Pd(NO3)2), palladium(II) acetate (Pd(OAC)2), palladium(II) chloride (PdCl2), palladium sulfate (PdSO4), ammonium tetrachloropalladate(II) ((NH4)2PdCl4), sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (Na2PdCl4), or potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) (K2PdCl4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and/or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water absorbing material is starch line high efficiency water-absorbing material and/or cellulose line high efficiency water-absorbing material. The starch line high efficiency water-absorbing material is starch graft acrylonitrile, starch graft acrylic acid, starch graft acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, starch graft acrylonitrile, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, starch graft acrylic acid, acrylamide, starch graft acrylic acid, acrylic ester, starch graft acrylic acid, sodium acrylic acid, methyl acrylamide, starch graft acrylic acid, acrylamide, and/or maleic anhydride. The starch line high efficiency water-absorbing material is modified starch and water absorbing material prepared by its derivatives. The water absorbing material is starch ester graft styrene high efficiency water-absorbing material, water gel prepared by branched chain amylase, formaldehyde modified starch graft acrylonitrile multi-polymer, epoxy chloropropane modified starch graft acrylonitrile multi-polymer, and/or glycidol ether cross-linking starch graft acrylonitrile multi-polymer. The cellulose line high efficiency water-absorbing material is polypropylene line absorbing resin material, ethoxyl cellulose high efficiency water-absorbing material, carboxy methyl cellulose high efficiency water-absorbing material, cellulose graft acrylonitrile high efficiency water-absorbing material, cellulose graft acrylic acid high efficiency water-absorbing material, cellulose graft acrylamide high efficiency water-absorbing material, ethoxyl cellulose graft acrylamide high efficiency water-absorbing material, carboxy methyl cellulose line high efficiency water-absorbing material, ethoxyl cellulose graft acrylamide high efficiency water-absorbing material, carboxy methyl cellulose line high efficiency water-absorbing material, and/or ethoxyl cellulose/acrylamide/ silicon dioxide composite material.