TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The interconnect layer comprises the graphene-like carbon, which is a carbon nanotube. The conducting material is a metal electrode. An electronic device is formed on a semiconductor substrate. A dielectric layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate is subjected to chemical mechanical polishing after forming the interconnect layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The fuel cell includes a catalyst (25-35 wt.%) formed of the conducting material, where the functional linker links the conducting material of the catalyst and the graphene-like carbon of the support in a graphene-like carbon-functional linker-conducting material structure. The fuel cell includes an anode current collector, and manifolds to deliver fuel and oxidant to the respective anode and cathode. The anode, the proton exchange electrolyte membrane, and the cathode form a membrane electrode assembly with a thickness of not greater than 300 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The conducting material is a metal (220), metal alloys, metal carbides, metal hydrides, metal oxides, or metal sulfides. It is copper, palladium, gold, silver, ruthenium, nickel, or preferably platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The graphene like carbon is single-walled carbon nanotubes (210), double-walled carbon nanotubes, multiple-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube bundles, carbon nanotube fibers, single layer graphenes, multiple layer graphenes, graphite surfaces, graphene nano ribbons, or fullerenes. The functional linker bonds to the graphene-like carbon through a covalent bond and to the conducting material through an electron sharing bond. It is an organic linker, or pi -conjugated functional linker; and has common formula of AlB'mZn. The electron sharing bond is ionic bond, hydrogen bond or covalent bond. It is A, Z, AZ, or AB'Z. The carbon nanotube is single-walled carbon nanotube, double-walled carbon nanotube, or multi- walled carbon nanotube. The graphene-like carbon material is linked to electronic device by a functional anchor, to form a graphene-like carbon-functional linker-electronic device structure.A=functional group having the ability to bind to the conducting material, compound binding the conducting material through an H bond of QRp or any combination of greater than or equal to 2 of the QRp linked together through X, carboxylic group, nitrogen, carboxamide, thiol, sulfuric acid, phosphate acid benzene acetylene, amide, -S-, -O-, -N-, -SO3-, -COO-, or -CON-;Q=O, N, C, B, S, P, Si, Al, Se, As, Ge ,Ga In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Bi, or Po;R=any combination of atoms bonded to Q;p= greater than or equal to 0;X=collection of atoms;Z=functional group having ability to bind the graphene-like carbon, or Ph, acetyl, O, N or C containing group binding a p- pi orbital in the graphene-like carbon through a p- pi orbital in the carbon containing group;B'=functional group having ability to bind to both A and Z, compound of formula (CR'a)b, or conjugated group of structures (A)-(C).;R'=H, group containing O or N, halo, or group containing P or S;a=0-2;b=integer;l, m, n= 0 or 1;orn and/or l=1.