TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The structure retainer contained in the mixture layer of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The lithium-manganese complex oxide has pressed powder density of 1-2 g/cm3, when lithium-manganese complex oxide powder (2 g) is pressed in cylindrical metal mold of diameter 20 mm by press pressure of 0.5 ton/cm2 with uniaxial press. The lattice constant of lithium manganese complex oxide satisfies the following relation: A=8.343-0.250B plus minus 0.005, where A is lattice constant in A? and b is lithium with respect to the total amount of metal calculated from analytical value in molar ratio. Preferred Definitions:    M=aluminum.    EXAMPLE - Lithium carbonate (in g) (135) was added to pure water (320 ml), to obtain carbonate solution. Then, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.5 by supplying carbon dioxide gas. Then, manganese chloride (266) and aluminum chloride (17) was dissolved in pure water (300 ml). Further, the resulting solution was dripped with carbonate solution for 20 minutes. Then, carbonate was removed, the resulting solution was dried with hot air at 110 degrees C and oxidized, to obtain lithium manganese complex oxide having particle diameter in 10 volume% accumulation of 3.2 mu m, 50 volume% accumulation of 7.2 mu m, 90 volume% accumulation of 13.5 mu m, Brunauer-Emmett-and-Teller surface area of 1.3 m2/g and tap density of 0.8 g/cm3, and favorable applicability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic ion salt contains lithium element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of monomer of formula (I) and monomer of formula (II) is 100:0-50:50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The powdery carbon carrier includes platinum or platinum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The communication network comprises a Communication Over Power Line (COPL), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee, cellular wireless network or Internet protocol based computer network.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Dehydration reaction of methanol is carried out in presence of catalyst, to obtain dimethyl ether. EXAMPLE - HIQ-40 (RTM: alpha -alumina monohydrate) was pulverized to a mean article diameter of 7.5 mu m, and baked at 600 degrees C for 2 hours, to obtain crystalline gamma -alumina including sodium oxide (0.001 wt.% or less). The crystalline alumina was granulated, and liquid formed by diluting alumina sol was sprayed to the granulated product, to obtain spherical compact of 2-4 mm in diameter. The obtained compact was dried at 200 degrees C, to obtain aluminum hydroxide compact. The obtained aluminum hydroxide compact was immersed in aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate (10.9 g) and water (25.3 g), dried at room temperature for 6 hours, and baked at 600 degrees C, to obtain catalyst. The obtained catalyst contained 5.29 weight parts of sulfur (based on sulfur tetroxide conversion) with respect to 100 weight parts of alumina. Dehydration reaction of methanol was carried out in presence of obtained catalyst, to obtain dimethyl ether. The methanol reaction rate at initial stage of the reaction and after 24 hours was calculated and found to be 82.3% and 80.3%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxides include 0.5-20 wt.% of magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, antimony trioxide, yttrium oxide, titanium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Fuel Cell: A fuel cell is formed by clamping a catalyst layer (301) between a fuel electrode and an oxidizing-agent electrode. The catalyst layer is formed by the proton conductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acid: The heteropolyacid is 12-tungstophosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of heteropolyacid and ionic liquid is 95/5-20/80. Preferred Process: The obtained hybrid reaction material is further washed with alcohol. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The ionic liquid is (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole)(bis-(fluoromethanesulfonyl)amide).    EXAMPLE - 12-Tungstophosphoric acid and (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole)(bis-(fluoromethanesulfonyl)amide) were taken in a total amount of 10 g, mechanically mixed in a ball mill, and reacted for 6 hours and 20 minutes to obtain a reaction material of white opaque gel-form. The obtained reaction material had excellent thermal stability, and proton conductivity even under non-humidifying conditions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The electrochemical cell system has a humidification unit (122,130) for humidifying reactive gas as oxidizing agent gas with water, a heating vaporization unit for vaporizing solid state or liquid state heterocyclic compound, a storage unit for storing heterocyclic compound, and a switching unit. The reactive gas is supplied to cathode of electrochemical cell. The oxidizing agent gas and vaporized heterocyclic compound are mixed and supplied to electrochemical cell. The storage unit is heated by heat emitted from electrochemical cell, and heterocyclic compound is vaporized. The switching unit switches the presence of heterocyclic compound in oxidizing agent gas. The electrochemical cell has sequential lamination of an electrolytic membrane, catalyst layer and separator. A diffusion prevention layer for preventing diffusion of heterocyclic compound to electrolytic membrane is provided between catalyst layer and electrolytic membrane. The diffusion prevention layer is formed in electrode catalyst layer side of electrolytic membrane or vice-versa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The diffusion prevention layer contains activate carbon, zeolite and electrolyte having ion exchange capacity more than that of electrolytic membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The heterocyclic compound has 6-membered ring structure containing nitrogen as hetero atom, and is preferably pyridine derivative chosen from bipyridine, terpyridine and/or phenanthroline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The electrode in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery which is mounted on discharge control apparatus has discharge current per unit area of 0.5 mA/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode active material preferably contains glass comprising lithium oxide, ferric oxide, cobalt trioxide, vanadium pentoxide and phosphorus pentoxide of compositional formula: (Li2O)a.(Fe2O3)b.(Co2O3)0.5-b.(V2O5)c.(P2O5)d. Preferred Process: The active material is subjected to annealing treatment by heating a temperature more than the crystallization temperature and maintained at temperature less than the melting point temperature. Preferred Definitions:    a,c,d=0.5;and    b=0.2-0.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl type compound unit in polymeric block (A) is aromatic vinyl type compound unit of formula: -C(R3)(Ar)-CH2-. The vinyl type compound unit in polymeric block (B) is chosen from 2-8C alkene unit, 5-8C cycloalkene unit, 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit, 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit, 5-8C conjugated cycloalkadiene unit, wholly or partially hydrogenated 7-10C vinyl cycloalkene unit, wholly or partially hydrogenated 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit, wholly or partially hydrogenated 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit and/or wholly or partially hydrogenated 5-8C conjugated cycloalkadiene unit, preferably 2-8C alkene unit, 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit, or wholly or partially hydrogenated 4-8C conjugated alkadiene unit. The mass ratio of sum of polymeric block (A) and polymeric block (C) to polymeric block (B), is 90:10-10:90. The mass ratio of polymeric block (C) and polymeric block (B) is 95:5-5:95. The ion conductive group in polymeric block (A) is of formula: -SO3M or -PO3HM.Ar=6-14C aryl optionally substituted by 1-3 substituents;R3=H, 1-4C alkyl or 6-14C aryl optionally substituted by 1-3 substituent;andM=H, ammonium ion, or alkali-metal ion.Preferred Property: The polyelectrolyte has ion exchange capacity of 0.3 meq/g or more. Preferred Definitions:    R1=cross-linking alicyclic hydrocarbon group, preferably adamantyl or biadamantyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic precursor is selected from 3-(methylamine)propyl-trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane or 3-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vinyl monomer is selected from 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-butene-1-ol or allyl chloride. The styrene monomer is selected from styrene, methyl-styrene or butyl-styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The ionic surface active agent includes carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate ester salt, phosphonic acid series as an anionic surfactant, amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt, phosphonium salt, and sulfonium salt as the cationic surface active agent. The graphite is selected from high crystalline graphite, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, flaky graphite or microcrystalline graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The non-ionic surfactant includes nonyl phenol, octyl phenol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, branched decyl alcohol, tri-decyl alcohol, lauryl amine, stearyl amine, oleyl amine, tallow amine of polyoxyethylene (CH2H2O)n-CH2CH2OH series. The thermosetting resin mixture has graphite powder, silane, triphenylene phosphine or acid anhydride hardener. The resin component is selected from phenol resin, epoxy resin, furan resin, urea resin, melanin resin, unsaturated polyester resin, silicon resin, alkyl resins, urethane resin, acryl emulsion resin, polyimide or vinylether resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active materials are titanium dioxide and zinc oxide and other suitable metallic oxides, where the metals are platinum, palladium, copper or other suitable metals as co-catalyst or doping e.g. titanium dioxide iron, palladium or platinum. The glass consists of quartz, borosilicate, phosphorus silicate, borophosphorous silicate, crystal glass and components of oxides, carbonates, nitrates, phosphates, and/or halides in the glass or as doping elements in the glass. Ionomer, oxide-ceramic electrolytes, sodium aluminates, mixture from zircon oxide and ytterbium oxide and electrolyte mixtures are applicable as suitable electrolytes of polymer electrolytes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dosage of dispersing agent is 24-26% of carbon fiber. The dosage of strengthened bonding fiber is 15-18% of carbon fiber. The resin coating quantity in (b) is 48-52% of the raw paper. In adding KH550 coupling agent in water-soluble phenolic resin in (2), the adding amount is 10-15%, preferably 10% of water-soluble phenolic resin. Preferred Conditions: Preferably, drying in (b) is carried out at 100-110 degrees C. Preferably, heat pressing is carried out at 180-190 degrees C and at pressure of 1.2-1.4 MPa for 25-35 seconds. Preferably, carbonizing in (d) is carried out at 2150-2250 degrees C. In the high temperature carbonizing technology of (d), when it is less than 1000 degrees C, the heating ratio under the vacuum condition is 4-6 degrees C/minute; when it is more than 1000 degrees C, the heating ratio under the vacuum or inert gas condition is 10-15 degrees C/minute; where the heat preserving time is 0.8-1.2 hours. Preferred Parameters: The produced surface density in (a) is 38-42 g/m2, preferably 40 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The manufacturing method of the colloidal electrolyte storage battery comprises: (a) preparing each component of the colloidal electrolyte into material A and B; (b) freezing the material A at negative 18 degrees C to 0 degrees C, and freezing the material B at negative 8 degrees C to negative 5 degrees C, and mixing and stirring, pouring into the storage battery and packaging; and (c) stewing for 2 hours and making the middle temperature of the storage battery reach normal temperature, using battery carbon 10 (C10) constant current method to charge for 10 hours after gelling, and using carbon 5 (C5) constant current method to charge for 6 hours, and using carbon 2.5 (C2.5) constant current method to charge for 4 hours. Preferred Process: The method for preparing material A comprises: (a) using water to dilute the concentrated sulfuric acid until the density is 1.48 g/cm3, and super multi-stage filtering; and (b) adding phosphoric acid, cadmium, germanium and ammonium into the diluted sulfuric acid, uniformly stirring. The method for preparing material B comprises: (a) using water to dilute the industrial sodium silicate until the density is 1.01 g/cm3, depositing for 24 hours, and removing sodium by ion exchange, super-condensing until the density is 1.1 g/cm3 after super filtering; and (b) adding metacetonic acid alcohol, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, polyacrylamide, and ethylene glycol into the prepared solution, and uniformly stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl ether end group alkene ether monomer is of formula R-O-(CF2)b-(O-CF(CF3)-CF2)a-O-C=CF2.a=0-3;b=1-6;R=CnH2n+1;n=1-4; andR=alkyl of straight or branched chain, preferably methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl.The sulfuryl fluoride end group alkene ether monomer is of formula FO2S-O-(CF2)d-(O-CF(CF3)-CF2)c-O-C=CF2.c=0-3; andd=1-6.The evocating agent is difluorodiazene (N2F2), perfluoro-peroxide, persulfate, peroxide, or azo evocating agent. The perfluoro-peroxide contains perfluoro-alkyl acyl peroxide, perfluoro-alkoxy acyl peroxide, alkyl acyl containing fluorine partially over-oxidized compound, and alkoxyl acyl containing fluorine partially over-oxidized compound. The persulfate contains ammonium sulfate, alkali metal persulfate, and alkali earth metal persulfate, preferably ammonium sulfate and the potassium sulfate. The peroxide contains over-oxidized alkyl acyl and over-oxidized di-carbonic ether; the over-oxidized alkyl acyl contains tert-butyl peroxide, benzoperoxide, and isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide; the over-oxidized di-carbonic ether contains over-oxidized di-carbonic ether diisopropyl ester and over-oxidized di-carbonic ether dicyclo-ethyl ester. The azo evocating agent contains oil soluble azo compound and water soluble azo compound; the oil soluble azo compound is azodiisobutyronitrile; and the water soluble azo compound is aze diisobutyl hydrochloride. Preferred Composition: The proportion of the tetrafluoroethylene, alkyl ether end group alkene ether, and sulfuryl fluoride end group alkene ether is 48-84.9:15-47:0.01-10 in terms of mole ratio.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: Preparing perfluoro-resin with side group of sulfuryl fluoride and ether end group comprises copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene, alkyl ether end group alkene ether, and sulfuryl fluoride end group alkene ether at 20-110 degrees C and 0.2-10 MPa for 0.5-48 hours under the effect of evocating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The electrocatalyst composition comprises (at.%) platinum (20-40), tungsten (35-55) and nickel (15-25). EXAMPLE - A thin film electrocatalyst was prepared from a composition comprising (at.%) platinum (0.41), tungsten (0.49) and nickel (0.10). Activity levels of electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction were electrochemically screened using hydrodynamic rotating disc electrode apparatus. Results showed relative half current potential (E1/2) of 31.2 mV, relative mass-fraction-based activity (A) of 4 at 0.7 V and 3.9 at 0.8 V, absolute E1/2 of 776.4 mV, and mass-fraction-based kinetic current of 9.89297 at 0.7 V and 1.31733 at 0.8 V, as compared to relative mass-fraction-based activity of 1 at 0.7 V and 0.8 V, absolute E1/2 of 745.2 mV, and mass-fraction-based kinetic current of 2.45968 at 0.7 V and 0.33968 at 0.8 V for pure platinum electrocatalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The whisker base material layer, a porous base material side layer and metal forming layer contains metal oxide. The whisker base material layer has two or more layered structures in whole surface, or in portion. EXAMPLE - Whisker base material layer containing tin as metal component and whisker forming layer containing nickel as metal component formed on base material under inert gas atmosphere to obtain whisker formation component. The whisker formation component had high formation density. The shock absorber formed using whisker formation component had excellent vibration-proofing property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Mineral: The catalyst further contains clay mineral which supports element chosen from ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, platinum, gold, silver, palladium, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, zinc, vanadium and manganese and has average particle diameter is 50 nm or less. Preferred Process: The hydrocarbon and water are reacted under space velocity of 100-100000 h-1, and hydrocarbon is decomposes using catalyst at 250-850 degrees C under steam and carbon in molar ratio of 1-6 to form mixed reformed gas containing hydrogen. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of metallic nickel particles are preferably 1-20 nm, and metallic cobalt is 1-20nm. The content of metallic nickel is 0.1-20 weight%, clay mineral is 1-50 weight% and cobalt is 0.01-20 weight%. EXAMPLE - Ruthenium chloride (3.9 ml), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (in g) (173.1), aluminum sulfate octahydrate (68.3), nickel sulfate hexahydrate (40.6) and cobaltous sulfate heptahydrate (17.3) were dissolved in sodium hydroxide (335 ml) and sodium carbonate (20.8) at 95 degrees C for 8 hours, filtered and the powdered was baked at 1150 degrees C for 8 hours to obtain catalyst having excellent catalytic activity and caulking-proof property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Surfaces of the nanowires are oxidized before depositing of the catalytic metal. Tin oxide nanowires are formed in an oxygen-containing argon atmosphere, the surfaces of the nanowires are oxidized, and then platinum particles are deposited chemically or by cyclic voltammetry on the tin oxide nanowires. Preferred Component: An oxygen-containing inert gas stream is flowed over the metal powder. An oxygen-containing argon stream is flowed over the metal powder. Deposited catalytic metal comprises a metal of the platinum group of metals. The metal powder comprises tin, titanium, or tungsten. The catalytic material comprises platinum, palladium, rhodium, or ruthenium. The inorganic nanowires comprise metal oxide(s) from tin oxide, titanium oxide, or tungsten oxide or tin, titanium, or tungsten when coated with carbon. The inorganic nanowires are directly grown on the carbon fibers of carbon paper. They are tin oxide nanowires or tin nanowires coated with carbon nanotube shells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Microparticles: The metal microparticles are chosen from platinum, palladium, gold, silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, iron, chromium, molybdenum and/or titanium. Preferred Compound: The fullerene molecule contains metal endohedral fullerene or fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass composition comprises (wt.%) SiO2 (70-74.5), Al2O3 (0.2-2), Na2O (13-15), K2O (0.1-1.5), MgO (0.01-1), CaO (8-12.5), SrO (0.1-0.5), BaO (0.1-0.5), B2O3 (0.1-1), iron oxide (Fe2O3, less than or equal to 0.15, preferably less than or equal to 0.01), Sb2O3 (0.01-0.3), CeO2 (0.01-0.35), and Cl (0.05-0.3). Preferred Components: Sb2O3, CeO2 and/or Cl are used as clarifier together with nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive high molecular polymer is polyaniline, polypyrrole or polythiofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The manufacturing method of the colloid storage battery comprises: (a) preparing acid and colloid; (b) freezing prepared acid and colloid in the acid cooler and mixing and stirring, maintaining temperature at less than or equal to 20 degrees C; and (c) pouring acid and colloid into storage battery after mixing, and encapsulating. Preferred Composition: The highly conductive starting colloid electrolyte of the colloid storage battery, comprises (wt.%) vitriol (25-45, preferably 35), phosphoric acid (0.1-5, preferably 2), glycerol propanetriol (0.1-5, preferably 2), silicon (0.1-2.5, preferably 1.5), anhydrous sodium sulfate (0.1-2, preferably 1), polyethylene glycol (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), potassium hydroxide (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), lithium hydroxide (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), polyacrylamide (0.005-0.05, preferably 0.01), and water (40.3-74.58, preferably 58.46). Preferred Process: The acid is prepared by diluting vitriol with water of 2/3 total amount, adding phosphoric acid, anhydrous sodium sulfate into vitriol, and stirring. The colloid is prepared by diluting glycerol propanetriol with water of 1/3 total amount, adding silicon, polyethylene glycol, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, polyacrylamide, and stirring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concrete process of drying and removing the water and ethanol includes treating the ethanol solution mixture of the colloid and alcohol-sol-resin 24-48 hours under 60-80 degrees c normal atmosphere to obtain resin/hydroxide complex system. The concrete process includes treating the resin/hydroxide complex system in the inert or reducing ambient of argon, nitrogen or hydrogen at holding temperature of 500-1000 degrees C, heating rate of 5-20 degrees C/minute, and holding temperature time of 2-12 hours. The concrete process of activating includes using physical or chemical activating process according to the need of the pore diameter arrangement, in which physical activating uses heat treatment for 2-12 hours in 300-800 degrees C and in carbon dioxide, vapor, or air atmosphere; and the chemical activating uses, after mixing activating agent potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride or iron nitrate (Fe(NO3)2) and carbon material at 1:0.1-5 (by weight), heat treatment for 2-12 hours in 300-800 degrees C. Preferred Component: The compound of the inorganic salt or organic salt of the magnetic metal is nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel chloride, nickel salt, cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate or ferric nitrate. The precipitator comprises ammonia, carbamide, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zwitterions surface active agent is eighteen sodium taurocholate or hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The nonionic surface active agent is Brij 30(RTM: polyoxyethylene lauryl ether).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The self-assembly inducer is segmented copolymer, zwitterions surface active agent or nonionic surface active agent. The segmented copolymer is polyethylene oxide ethylene-polyethylene oxide acrylic P123.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The noble metal simple substance is platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The reinforcing agent is made of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, talcum, alumina, magnesia, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum borate, synthetic mica, glass, asbestos, rock wool, silicon carbide, alumina or aluminum borate. Latent hardener is made of oxazolidine or aldimine. Preferred Method: The separator is prepared by radiation irradiation, sandpaper ring method, sandblasting method, corona treatment method, rubbing method, pressing, or plasma investigation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The flexibilizer is made of glycerol, 2-butene-1,4-diol or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The manganese phosphate iron lithium is of formula: LiMn1/yFeyPO4.y=0-0.5 (excluding 0 and 0.05).Preferred Property: The positive electrode active material has electroconductivity degree of 1x 10-8 Scm-1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of aryltrianhydride comprises:(A) mixing trihydroxyl compound, alcohol and alkali under nitrogen and water separator;(B) heating to vaporize alcohol and water, and adding halogenated or nitro-substituted naphthalic anhydride, organic solvent and entrainer;(C) reacting for 1-8 hours, vaporizing entrainer and water, reacting at 150 degrees C for 4-30 hours, and adding into acetone to crystallize; and(D) washing solid with water, filtering, vacuum drying to obtain crude product of aryltrianhydride, and recrystallizing using acetic anhydride.The trihydroxyl compound and alkali are present at mole ratio of 1:3; trihydroxyl compound and alcohol is at 1:1-1:20; and halogenated or nitro-substituted naphthalic anhydride and trihydroxyl compound is at 1:3. The alcohol and organic solvent is present at 1:1-1:20 volume ratio; and alcohol and entrainer is at 1:1-1:20. Preferred Component: The trihydroxyl compound is 1,3,5-trihydroxyl benzene, 2,2,2-tri(4-hydroxylphenyl) ethane or 1,3,5-tri(4-hydroxylphenyl) benzene. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine or pyridine. The halogenated or nitro-substituted naphthalic anhydride is 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride or 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride. The organic solvent is N-methyl formamide, N-methyl acetamide or pyrrolidone acetamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Porous material selected from glass frit or ceramic material surrounds the catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Absorption material surrounding the porous material is made from any one of silver oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide and magnesium oxide. The catalyst applied to the substrate is made from any one of aluminum silicon oxide and amorphous silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Catalyst is made of palladium or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stoichiometric composition is represented by formula (I). L7+xAxG3-xZr2O12 (I)L=independently a monovalent cation, Li, Na or K;A= independently a bivalent alkaline earth metal, Ca, Sr or Ba;G=independently a trivalent cation;x=0-3; andO=partially or completely replaced by bivalent or trivalent anions, such as N3-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The charged surface of the inorganic compound is: partially neutralized by an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte; and recharged by an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Preferred Components: The inorganic component is an oxidic compound made of silicon, titanium or zirconium. The inorganic component represents a silicon compound with nitrogen. The surface of the inorganic silicon compound is provided with an imide group (N-H). EXAMPLE - Typical composite material comprised of: polymer component (Victrex (RTM: Polyetheretherketone)) with an IEC value of 1.1 mmol/g and inorganic component (Aerosil A300 (RTM: Fumed silica)). Both the components (in a ratio of 92.5/7.5) were mixed as solution and/or dispersion to obtain the composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are smaller than approximately 100 nm. The metal nanoparticle is a metal selected from cobalt, iron and nickel; or is selected from metals consisting of an oxide or an alloy of cobalt, iron and nickel. The average diameter of the metal nanoparticles is a diameter less than approximately 100 or less than approximately 20 nm. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves heating the dried nanocomposite until the nanocomposite is carbonized. The method (M2) further involves heating the dried nanocomposite until nanocomposite is carbonized; and blending BaTiO3 or TiO2 with the nanoparticles and the monomer prior to polymerization.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer in method (M1) contains a hydroxyl moiety. The monomer in method (M2) contains an oxygen moiety. The monomer in method (M1) and (M2) is a monomer selected from vinyl ester, an ester, a vinyl alcohol and urethane. The anhydrous organic solvent comprises a non-polar solvent. The anhydrous anoxic solvent comprises a non-polar solvent. The electrochemical potential is approximately 0.7 Volts/SCE.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer matrix is conductive. The polymer in the nanocomposite is a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer. The polymer in process (M3) comprises polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The polymer in method (M4) comprises pyrrole. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The electronic control unit communicates with the internal combustion engine through a common truck datalink conforming to J1939 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) further comprises spinels selected from the group of Li4Ti5-xMoxO12; Li4Ti5-xNbxO12 or Li4Ti5-xVxO12. M and M1, M2, M3 upto Mk have an average oxidation state in the range of at least 3+ to 6+. B' and titanium have an average oxidation state in the range of at 3+ to 4+. The spinel has a crystal structure defined by Space Group Fm3d, where less than or equal to 1/50th of M and M1, M2, M3 upto Mk occupy site 8a and sites crystallographically equivalent to site 8a, and where a majority of M and M1, M2, M3 upto Mk occupy site 16d and sites crystallographically equivalent to site 16d and has X-ray diffraction pattern as given in the specification. The lithium titanate spinel has a phase pure crystalline form. Preferred Definitions:    M=at least two cations having an average oxidation state of at least about 3+ to 6+ selected from V, Cr, Nb, Mo, Ta or W.    WIDER DISCLOSURE - Also disclosed as new are the substituted lithium titanate spinels (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive additive includes carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte layer includes a liquid electrolyte, and/or a polymer electrolyte including a gel electrolyte including an electrolytic solution, and/or a solid polymer electrolyte free from an electrolytic solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The binder is made up of fluoropolymer, polyamide, polyester, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether ketone or polyphenyl quinoxalin. The non-conducting polymer is made of copolymer of polyvinyl fluoride-hexafluoropropylene and polytetra fluro ethylene,tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkoxy copolymer ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or polyvinylidene fluoride. The membranous polymers resin is made of fluoropolymer, polyamides, polyester macromolecule, benzimidazole polymer, polyetherimide, polyphenylenesulfide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether ketone or polyphenyl quinoxalin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The thermosetting resin layer contains urea resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, or silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The stainless steel further comprises elements for tungsten bronze effect. Preferred Composition: The elements for tungsten bronze effect is (wt.%): lithium (0.01-1.0), sodium (0.01-2.0), potassium (0.01-2.0), calcium (0.01-2.0), rubidium (0.01-1.0), zirconium (0.01-2.0), cadmium (0.01-2.0), indium (0.01-1.0), tin (0.01-2.0), antimony (0.01-2.0), cesium (0.01-1.0), barium (0.01-1.0), lanthanum (0.01-1.0), titanium (0.01-2.0), lead (0.01-2.0), bismuth (0.01-0.5), uranium (0.01-0.5), thorium (0.01-0.3), arsenic (0.01-0.3), and cobalt (0.01-2.0). The stainless steel further comprises tantalum (0.01-0.5 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid electrolyte comprises lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium hexafluorophosphate. The cation counter-ion is 1-methyl-3-ethylimidiazolium (EMIM), 1-butyl-3-methylimidiazolium (BMIM), 1-butyl-2-methyl-3-methylimidiazolium (BMMIM), 1-methyl-propyl-pyrrolidinium (Pyr13), 1-methyl-propyl-piperidinium (Pyr13) or trihexyldodecylphosphonium (P66614).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal anions are ions of sodium or potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Step (A) in method (m1) is performed within a main digester vessel. Step (B) is performed in a stripping cell. Step (C) is performed in a recovery cell. The volatile organic acid is removed from the digester at substantially the same rate as the volatile organic acid is formed. The organic acid is extracted from the digester by collecting head-space gas and separating the gaseous volatile organic acid from the rest of the head-space gases. The method includes pumping gas through at least some of the organic material. The gas is head-space gas. The head-space gas has had an volatile organic acid removed there from. The gas is introduced at the base of the digester. The gas is saturated with water vapor. A solvent is used to remove the volatile organic acid from the gaseous state. The solvent has comparatively high boiling point with respect to the volatile organic acid, and is water immiscible. The volatile organic acids is acetic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon layers comprise first carbon layer containing 40-50% PTFE; and second carbon layer containing 15-25% PTFE, and having a porosity of 80-85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fluorine-containing alkoxyalkane (b) is alternatively obtained by reacting alkoxide compound (C) and compound (D) in a basic compound or solvent containing basic compound. The alkoxide compound (C) is conjugate base of an alcohol with higher acidity and chosen from compound of formulae: HO-R4-OH and R5-OH. The compound (D) is of formula: Lg-R5 and Lg-R4-Lg. The fluorine-containing alkoxyalkane (b) is of formula: R5-O-R4-O-R5.R4=R2;andR5=R1,R3.At least one of R4 and R5 contains fluorine atom(s). Preferred Compound: The leaving group is chosen from chlorine, bromine, iodine, para-toluene sulfonate group and tri-fluoro-methane sulfonate group. The solvent includes diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-methyl pyrrolidinone, pyridine, picoline, lutidine and/or dioxane. The basic compound includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium metal, butyl lithium, lithium di-isopropylamide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, lutidine and/or sodium amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The fuel cell apparatus comprises two fuel cell modules, containing two membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) (312) and an anode flow channel plate (314), and the flow channel plate is disposed between the two fuel cell modules.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anticorrosive material is carbon tetrafluoride (CF4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The separating film is a plastic thin film. The material of the separating film comprises poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, deionzed water, toluene or isomerides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is polyvinyl butyral solution, polyvinyl alcohol solution or methyl cellulose solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic nanoparticle is silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide or titanium phosphate having particle diameter of 0.001-3 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is divinyl benzene, 1,4-di(4'-ethyl phenoxyl) butane or dimethyl acrylic acid ester. The ion liquid is compound of formula (R2)-N+(R1)(R3)-(R4) X-, or one or more of 3 compounds, e.g. group of formula (II) or (III). The emulsifying agent is compound of formulae R5-C(=CH2)-C(=O)-O-CH2-(CH2)h-O-CH2-NH4 Z, or (VI).R1,R2=CnH2n+1 or CmH2m;n=0-8;m=0-6;R3,R4=CnH2nO;X=Br, Cl, NO3, BF4, PF6, HSO4, CF3SO3 or N(SO2CF3)2;R5,R6=Me or H;h,p=6-18;andZ,A=Br, BF4, PF6 or CF3SO3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Polymerization is microemulsion polymerization using thermal initiation, UV radiation initiation or gamma radical initiation, or bulk polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum based catalyst precursor is selected from chloroplatinic acid, potassium (II) chloroplatinite, platinic acid, tetraamineplatinum (II) hydrogen carbonate, tetraammine platinum(II) chloride, ammonium hexabromoplatinate (IV), ammonium hexachloroplatinate (IV) or hydrates. 0.1-20 vol.% of hydrogen gas is infused into an unreactive gas. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY- Preferred Components: The alcohol is selected from isopropyl alcohol, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, butanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The phase-changed material is selected from propane, butane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane, neopentane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonium, helium, neon, argon, krypton or xenon. Preferred solvent: The solvent is selected from water, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate and methane. Preferred Gas: The gas is chosen from hexane, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and water. The generated gas is chosen from azo compound, carbonate compound, hydrazide compound and carbazide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The membranous polymer is polymer or copolymer which is obtained by polymerizing monomer selected from acrylate monomer, acrylonitrile monomer, acrylic acid monomer, acrylamide monomer, the styrene monomer and butadiene monomer such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, acrylamide, methacryl amide, styrene, alpha -methyl styrene, beta -methyl styrene, divinyl benzene, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3- butadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is hexane group, ketones, alcohols, acetates or water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder region is acryl resin, phenolic resin, urethane resin, melamine resin, fluorine-based resin, silicone resin or epoxy-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tungsten carbide is of formula: WC1-x.x=0-0.5.The support is chosen from carbon, alumina, silica, and/or powder material of titania.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Reactor: The reactor is cylindrical, and has an internal diameter of 50-500 mm and a length of 500-5000 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Coke is continuously supplied into and discharged from the reactor. The nitrogen-containing gas is circulated in upflow or downflow direction. Preferred Components: The wall portion of reactor comprises ceramics or carbon. The nitrogen-containing gas is a gas containing ammonia (0.1-100 vol.%). Preferred Process: Particulate materials made of metal or ceramics are prepared and flown into a heat-processing apparatus maintained at 400-700 degrees C. Coke is adhered to the particulate-material surface by supplying and heat-processing raw material pitch in the apparatus. Coke is separated from the particulate material by heating at 900 degrees C or less. Coke is obtained by heat-processing raw material pitch at 500-1000 degrees C. Activation treatment is carried out by adding alkali-metal component (1-6 weight parts with respect to 1 weight part of nitride), and heating at 400-1000 degrees C in an inert-gas air flow. Preferred Properties: Coke has an expansion coefficient of 1000% or more, and a pore volume of 0.18 cc/g or less with respect to pores of diameter 1 mu m or less as measured by mercury intrusion technique.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Pitch is obtained by polymerizing a condensation polycyclic hydrocarbon in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode collector is copper. The carbon material is graphite. The negative electrode active material (a2) is lithium-titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation gasket is made of thermoplastic fluroresin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Electrolyte: The primary electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Salt: The ambient temperature molten salt is chosen from imidazolium salt, pyrrolidinium salt and aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metals: The metal (M) is preferably palladium. The metal (A) and (B') are transition metals chosen from titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic compound is porphyrin derivative, phthalocyanine derivative, salen derivative, nitrile derivative, pyridine derivative and/or phenanthroline derivative. Preferred Gas: The mixture is baked under hydrogen or inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme is oxidase which stimulates oxidation of monosaccharide immobilized in the negative electrode and decomposes the monosaccharide. The enzyme contains coenzyme oxidase which passes an electron to the negative electrode to an electron mediator, while returning the coenzyme reduced with oxidation of monosaccharide to an oxidant. The oxidant of coenzyme is NAD+, and the coenzyme oxidase is diaphorase. The oxidase is NAD+ dependent glucose dehydrogenase. The enzyme contains oxidase which stimulates the oxidation of degradation enzyme which stimulates the decomposition of polysaccharide and produces monosaccharides, where the generated monosaccharide immobilized in the negative electrode is decomposed. The degradation enzyme is glucoamylase, and the oxidase is NAD+-dependent glucose dehydrogenase. The enzyme contains oxygen reductase immobilized by positive electrode. The oxygen reductase is billirubin oxidase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The polyanion or polycation having electric charge of the oxidant of electron mediator or its reduced form and electric charge of same sign is contained in the proton conductor. The proton conductor consists of electrolyte (3) containing buffer substance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The buffer substance is a compound containing imidazole ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The amino naphthoquinone is 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone or 2-amino-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Preferred Process: The reaction product is dissolved in ethyl acetate as a recrystallization solvent. The ethyl acetate is gradually removed by maintaining the solution at 45-55 degrees C to recrystallize 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone. The reaction product is dissolved in mixed solvent of water and ethanol of 2:1-5:3, by recirculating the mixed solvent at temperature equivalent to boiling point. The supersaturated reaction product is cooled to 5 degrees C or less to recrystallize 2-amino-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. EXAMPLE - 1,4-naphthoquinone (in g) (7.91) was dissolved in acetic acid (50 mL) to obtain naphthoquinone/acetic acid solution. The naphthoquinone/acetic acid solution was deoxidized. Sodium azide (4.86) was dissolved in water (14 mL) to obtain aqueous solution of sodium azide. The aqueous solution of sodium azide was dripped to the naphthoquinone/acetic acid solution and stirred at room temperature. The mixture was precipitated, concentrated, washed, filtered, recrystallized and dried to obtain 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (4.51), with yield of 52%.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The alkyl isocyanide is ethyl isocyanide, propyl isocyanide, normal butyl isocyanide, isobutyl isocyanide, sec-butyl isocyanide, isopentyl isocyanide, isopropyl isocyanide, ter-butyl isocyanide or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent which dissolves hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivative substituted by fluorine-containing group is dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane or methyl cyclohexane, preferably tetrahydrofuran. The solvent of the solution is a poor solvent of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene derivative substituted by fluorine-containing group, preferably 5-12C hydrocarbon based solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionizing compound is lithium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate and/or sodium sulfate. The ionizing compound is present at approximately 5-35 wt.%. The chelating agent is a carboxylate. The carboxylate is potassium nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and/or ammonium acetate. The chelating agent is present at approximately 5-20 wt.%. The metal electrode consists of magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the apparatus, first metal electrode and second metal electrode are arranged in the electrolyzer. The hydrogen producing apparatus is connected with a fuel cell to feed hydrogen to fuel cell. EXAMPLE - Typical electrolyte solution comprised of calcium chloride (30 wt.%) and sodium citrate (5 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gas separation membrane is made of PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In (3) the pre-prepared electrolyte is mixed electrolyte of 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 0.5-2.0 mmol/L chloroplatinic acid. Preferred Conditions: In (2), working electrode is dried in vacuum for 4-14 hours at 45-85 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The preparation method of fuel battery electric catalyst comprises certain quantity of titanium dioxide prepared by hydro-thermal method, adding metrological aqueous solution of chloroauric acid with concentration of 2 mg/mL; (2) putting the suspension obtained in (1) under ultraviolet ray to irradiate for 2-5 minutes, where the wavelength of UV ray is 320-400 nanometers, and power is 0.6-0.85 Mw/cm2; and (3) drying the suspension obtained in (2) and grinding to powers to obtain the fuel battery electric catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The processed active carbon fiber added in air filter is processing active carbon fiber to one of carbon fiber paper, carbon fiber felt, carbon fiber underlay to be put in filtering part of air filter. The processing method of processed active carbon fiber comprises (1) pre-treatment of active carbon fiber: putting processing active carbon fiber into reacting tube, leading nitrogen with high purity in reacting tube for protecting, heating it to 150-200 degrees C under protection of nitrogen with high purity, operating constant temperature for 30-60 minutes; (2) absorbing organic amine on active carbon fiber: reducing temperature to room temperature for processed active carbon fiber according to (1), leading nitrogen with high purity in bubbling machine which contains organic amine, nitrogen with high purity enters active carbon fiber reacting tube which contains organic amine, using bubbling method to make organic amine enter reacting tube with active carbon fiber with organic amine, venting for 20-90 minutes under room temperature; (3) operating high temperature activating to active carbon fiber: rising temperature to 800-900 degrees C for processed active carbon fiber by speed of 2 degrees C/minute or 6 degrees C/minute under protection of nitrogen with high purity, operating constant temperature for 1-2 hours, and reducing temperature to room temperature after constant temperature. Preferred Components: The active carbon fiber is pan-based carbon fiber, viscose carbon fiber, bitumen carbon fiber or phenolic aldehyde carbon fiber. The organic amine is allylamine, ethylamine, propyl amine or butyl amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cathode is immersed in a culture solution inoculated with non-photosynthesizing bacterium, particularly iron protoxide thiobacillus, for oxidizing ferrous ion to ferric ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor optical catalyst is natural semiconductor mineral or its modified blend, particularly titanium dioxide (TiO2)-zinc blend or TiO2-graphite blend. The titanium oxide-graphite blend is prepared by mixing natural TiO2 powder and acetylene black at 9:1 weight ratio; adding ethanol as solvent; ultrasonically vibrating; adding PTFE latex dropwise; stirring the mixture until a thick paste; rolling into thin film on graphite plate electrode; and drying naturally. The electron acceptor is oxygen in the air, where outer side of cathode is exposed to atmospheric air while inner side is contacted with electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A cathode chamber and an anode chamber are separated by a proton-exchange film or connected through salt bridge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron donor is ascorbic acid, ethanol, sulfite, hypophosphite, triethylamine, methyl viologen, waste oil, organic waste water, or organic waste filtered liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Group: The ion exchange group-containing repeating unit is of formula: -(Ar1(-W1)-Z1-(Ar2(-W2)-Z2)k)-, and the repeating unit without ion exchange group is of formula: -((Ar3-X1)g-Ar4-Y1-(Ar5-Y2)h)-.Z1,Z2,X1,Y1,Y2=direct bond or bivalent group;Ar1-Ar5=bivalent aromatic group optionally substituted by 1-20C alkyl or alkoxy, 6-20C aryl or aryloxy, or 2-20C acyl;W1,W2=H or ion exchange group;andk,g,h=0 or 1.Preferred Electrolyte: The polymer electrolyte membrane contains hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst substance is an alloy containing platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst ink further contains a polyelectrolyte having strong acidic group. The solvent is water. The aromatic high molecular compound having functional group is an aromatic high molecular compound having phosphonic acid or phosphonate group. Preferred Compound: The aromatic high molecular compound is a copolymer having benzene ring-containing compound of formula (1).Ar1=aromatic group optionally having substituent;x+y=1;x,y=0.01-0.99;n=number of portions of Ar1;andAr1=H or alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first layer comprises platinum or platinum oxide. The second layer includes the platinum oxides (PtOx) (where x is greater than or equal to 2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silica-based template particles are amorphous silica. The silica-based particles are mesoporous.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The removable template particles are silica-based. The silica-based template particles are removed by chemical etching. The method (M1) further involves selecting removable template particles to use so as to produce electrocatalytic material with a desired pore size; and selecting the removable template particles and tetraaza chelate precursors to use so as to shift the reaction mechanism of the electrocatalytic material towards the 4 e-pathway. The electrocatalytic material is made of 50:50 molar percent H2 tetraphenyl porphyrin and cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrin. Preferred Material: In the material, the pyrolyzed porphyry is the pyro product of cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrin or cobalt tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin. The material comprises pores of 3-10 or 30-70 nm in diameter. The material comprises cobalt atom centers bonded to one, two, three, or four nitrogen atoms in the 2+ form and cobalt particles coated in a thin oxide film deposited on the pyropolymer backbone. Preferred Components: The transition metal tetraaza chelate precursor is selected from tetraaza chelates containing Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ru, Cu centers, porphyrins, phthalocyanies, and structures based on the pyroproducts of the above (preferably cobalt tetraphenyl porphyrin or cobalt tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anion is selected from silver benzoate, phthalate, malate or succinate except hydroxyl group and citrate. The secondary battery has acid, which is represented by formula (I). HX (I) In formula (I),X=chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine.The anodic active material having the olivine type crystalline structure, which is represented by formula (II). LixMPO4 (II) In formula (II),M=iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, chromium, vanadium, magnesium, molybdenum, titanium, aluminum, niobium, boron or gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The boric acid ester is of formula RO-B(OR)2 (I).R=1-4C saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 2-6C unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group (all optionally substituted with fluorine).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pyrophosphate ester is of formula RO-P(=O)(OR)-O-P(OR)2(=O) (I).R=1-4C saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, 2-6C unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group (all optionally substituted by fluorine).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The zirconia is stabilized by yttria, calcia, magnesia or ceria. Preferred Components: The microparticles liquid is a slurry of zirconia particle dispersed into predetermined solvent and which may be a zirconium acetate solution, zirconium nitrate solution, zirconia sol, zirconium chloride solution and/or zirconium carbonate solution. Preferred Composition: The added resin bonding agent is not less than 1 weight part solid content with respect to 100 weight part of raw material powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The nitrogenous heterocyclic alkaline polymer is 1-polyvinylimidazole imidazole, 4- polyvinylimidazole imidazole, 1-polyvinylimidazole pyridinium or 4-polyvinylimidazole pyridinium. The acid polymer is poly-acrylic acid or poly-ethylene phosphorous acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The calixarene derivative includes polymerizable group. The polymerizable group is on the upper edge portion of the calixarene derivative. The calixarene-containing polymer is of formulae (1,2 and 3). The calixarene derivative is 5-acrylamide-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxyl(4)calixarene, 5-allyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxyl(4)calixarene or 5-ethyleneoxy-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxyl(4)calixarene.R1=group with active carbon-carbon double bond, preferably group with conjugated carbon-carbon double bond and carbonyl, more preferably propylene amido, allyl or ethyleneoxy;R2,R3=monomer with carbon-carbon double bond, preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bond or their derivative, fluoro olefin such as tetrafluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene or vinylidene fluoride, styrene, methyl methacrylate or vinyl acetate ester;p=0 to (j-1);j=4,6 or 8;m:n=(25-200):1;andl:m:n=(25-200):(25-200):1.Preferred Process: The calixarene derivative is dissolved in a solvent, polymerized with copolymerizable monomer, free radical initiator is added, stirred, argon gas is supplied, heated at 60-80 degrees C and refluxed, to obtain a reaction product. The obtained reaction product is washed using methanol, filtered, the deposit is re-crystallized using chloroform and methanol, dried and milled to obtain calixarene-containing polymer. Preferred Component: The solvent is chosen from chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and dichloroethane. The free radical initiator is chosen from benzoyl peroxide or azobis-isobutyronitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The hydrocarbon-type polymer electrolyte of polymer electrolyte membrane is a block copolymer containing block (A) which has a repeating unit having ion-exchange group and block (B) having repeating unit which does not have ion-exchange group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vehicle include an arm rest with a C-shaped cross-section made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) felt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The molding layer consists of platinum and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base layer consists of resin selected from the group of cyclic olefinic resin, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, vinyl ether or fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The vanadium flow cell or battery stack comprises positive half cell and negative half cell with solution comprising electrolyte chosen from sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid or mixture of hydrobromic acid and hydrochloric acid, and ions chosen from vanadium (III), vanadium (IV), vanadium (V) and polyhalide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dissolved lithium salts are 0.3-2 M, and comprise lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium antimony-fluoride, lithium-arsenide fluoride, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, lithium perfluorosulfonimide, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonylimide), lithium-aluminum-chloride, lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), halogenated LiBOB, polyvalent anionic lithium salt, and/or Li2B12FxH12-x. The nitriles are 5-100 vol.%, and comprise aliphatic nitriles, aromatic nitriles, alicyclic nitriles, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, and/or hexanenitrile. The alkali metal comprises lithium. The cathode comprises a material including lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2), LiNixCoyMzO2, LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, lithium-iron-phosphate, lithium-cobalt-phosphate, lithium-manganese-phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, and/or vanadium oxide. The anode comprises a material including graphite, carbon, lithium-titanium-oxide (Li4Ti5O12), intermetallic compounds and/or lithium metal.M=Al, Mg, T, B, Ga, or Si;x, y, z=0-1; or(x+y+z)=1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The anode comprises a material including tin alloys or silicon alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The other polar aprotic solvents are 0-95 vol.%, and comprise carbonate, lactone, ether, ester, and/or acetate. The carbonate is ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethylvinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, and/or dibutyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbonate is propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas includes methanol, hydrogen, oxygen or air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-fluid substance comprises material selected from alkali metals, calcium hydride, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride and/or sodium borohydride. The power generator further comprises hydrogen generation catalyst combined with non-fluid substance. The catalyst is cobalt, nickel, ruthenium and/or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell(s) is hydrogen fuel cell generating electrical output by converting hydrogen and oxygen to water. The fuel is hydrogen, and the electrolytic barrier is proton exchange membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder or matrix material comprises ceramic, glass, metal, carbon, polymeric carbon, asphalt, tar, coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch and/or mesophase pitch. The exfoliated graphite comprises exfoliated natural graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber, graphitic nano-fiber, graphite oxide, graphite fluoride and/or chemically modified graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder or matrix material comprises unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyimide resins, bismaleimide resins, polyurethane resins, thermoplastic resins and/or pyrolyzed resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The first and/or second unipolar plates are formed from metal, graphite, or composite material. The first and second unipolar plates are formed from stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The nodes are formed from a weld (preferably spot weld), solder joint, braze joint, and/or adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The electricigenic microbes is Geobacteraceae or pure population of Geobacter sulfurreducens. The electricigenic microbes are pure population of electricigenic microbes. The colonies form pillar structures having a height of 20-50 mu m and have a spacing of less than or equal to 40 mu m. The electricigenic microbes comprise (mg/cm2 of the anode surface area) protein ( greater than or equal to 0.075). The electricigenic microbes form a greater than 1 mu m thick biofilm. The electricigenic microbes form pili allowing electron transport between the electricigenic microbes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The cathode is an air cathode. The fuel cell has a power density of 100 mA/m2-4.56 A/m2. The anode is non-toxic to microbes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode is (porous) graphite, packed graphite powder, carbon cloth carbon felt, carbon paper, carbon wool, a conductive metal, and/or conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin comprises a thermoplastic resin selected from at least one of acrylic, polycarbonate, polyester, urethane, nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride and silicones. The resin comprises a thermosetting resin selected from at least one of functional epoxy, epoxy-polyester, silicone and ultraviolet (UV) curable polymer. The first layer is made of a UV curable thermoplastic. The second layer is made of polycarbonate, acrylic or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The toolbox enabling the communication protocol between the various devices includes IEEE 802.1 lb, IEEE 802.1 lg and Bluetooth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel is the hydrocarbon fuel such as methanol of gas or liquid state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode active material is chosen from lithium-transition metal composite oxide. The surface treatment component is chosen from lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese complex oxide, lithium-cobalt complex oxide, lithium-nickel complex oxide, lithium-manganese complex oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum complex oxide and lithium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The gel polymer electrolyte or authentic polymer electrolyte is chosen from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoro pyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene or polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The structural unit containing protecting group is of formula (I or II, Preferably III).Ar1-Ar4=arbitrary groups;R1-R3=H and alkyl, and arbitrary alkylene;E=O or S;andn=1-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The manufacture of polymeric material further involves removing solvent from polymeric molding. Preferred Composition: The polymeric material is aromatic polyether ketone type polymer, and contains an ionic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluororesin which carries out melting processing is of formula -CF2-CF(Rf)-. The perfluoro elastomer is a copolymer which has tetrafluoroethylene unit and perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether) unit of formula -CF2-CF(Rf)-. The molded article (e.g. sheet, film, tube, rod, block or ring) having crosslinking region which perfluoro elastomer becomes base chosen from cyano, carboxyl or alkoxycarbonyl group.Rf=copolymer which consists of hexafluoropropylene unit shown by perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether) unit and/or CF3 which are shown by ORf1; andRf1=1-5C perfluoroalkyl group.Preferred Compositions: The concentration of perfluoro elastomer of coating material is 1-50 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The unsaturated aromatic compound is naphthalene. The reaction composition is tetralin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner sleeve is made from non-metal material such as polyoxymethylene or PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The micro-porous membrane contains mixture of polymers having variable crystallinity. The polymer materials are mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride of hexafluoropropylene (0-10%) and hexafluoropropylene multi-polymer, and mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride of hexafluoropropylene (more than 10%) and hexafluoropropylene multi-polymer. The electrolyte is obtained by adding lithium salt to organic solvents. The organic solvent is ethane carbonic ester, propylene carbonic ester, ( gamma )-butyrolactone and/or sultones. The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophophate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, fluoroalkyl lithium phosphate oxyfluoride or fluoroalkyl lithium sulfonate. The micro-porous membrane is silicon dioxide, aluminum sesquioxide, titania, iron sesquioxide and/or cobaltous oxide. The plasticizer is dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, ethylene carbonate, allyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and/or diallyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic filling material is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide (A12O3), titanium dioxide, ferric oxide and/or zirconia. The content of inorganic filling material in electrolyte film is 10-40%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, carbonic acid vinyl ester, propylene carbonate ester, methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and carbonic acid ester, and the content of plasticizer in electrolyte film is 20-70%. The organic impregnant material is acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, isobutyl alcohol, N-methyl-2-pyrrollidone, N-dimethyl formamide and/or ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polymer material comprises polyvinyl difluoride, polyacrylic ester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate or multipolymer of acrylonitrile and/or acrylic acid. The content of hexafluoropropylene unit in multipolymer of bias-fluorothene and hexafluoropropylene is 2-25% of the polymerization unit. Preferred Film: The microporous film has polypropylene film at two sides and polyethylene film in middle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The baking of easily graphitizable carbon material is carried out at 500-700 degrees C. Preferred Property: The easily graphitizable carbon material has average particle diameter of 3 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The iron compound contains magnesium, zirconium, manganese, titanium, cerium, chromium, cobalt and/or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The olivine-type complex oxide further contains a carbon compound (0.2-10%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte contains silicon compound of 0.050-20 mass%, and further contains cyclic carbonate compound having unsaturated group, chain carbonate compound having unsaturated group or unsaturated diester of 0.005-10 mass%. Preferred Component: The contains cyclic carbonate compound having unsaturated group, chain carbonate compound having unsaturated group or unsaturated diester is vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, dipropagyl carbonate, dimethyl fumarate, diethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate or diethyl acetylene dicarboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive-electrode active material contains lithium-metal oxide and element chosen from molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum and/or rhenium. The lithium-metal oxide has compositional formula: LiMO2.M=lithium, nickel, manganese and/or cobalt, preferably Liz/(2+z)((Ni(1+y)/2Mn(1-y)/2)1-xCox)2/(2+z);x=0-0.1;y=-0.1 to 0.1;andz=((1-x)(0.05-0.98y)-(1-x)(0.2-0.88y)).The molar ratio of manganese to nickel is 0.8-5. The molar ratio of cobalt to sum of manganese, nickel and cobalt is 0-0.35. The molar ratio of lithium in M is 0.001-0.2. Preferred Properties: The positive-electrode active material has refractive index of 1.24 as measured using laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution measuring device, median diameter of 0.5-10 mu m as measured after ultrasonic dispersion (output 30 W, frequency 22.5 kHz) for 5 minutes, by making the particle-diameter reference as volume reference, Brunauer-Emmett-and-Teller specific surface area of 0.5-5 m2/g, volume density of 0.5-2.5 g/cm3, volume resistivity of 1x 103-1x 106 Omega .cm when compacted by applying a pressure of 40 MPa, and a carbon concentration of 0.15-0.50 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon oxidation apparatus has fuel electrode containing oxygen ion conduction material and hydrocarbon processing catalyst. The hydrocarbon processing catalyst is a metal which may be nickel, cobalt, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium or iron, or alloy containing metal which may be nickel, cobalt, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The trays are made from a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Binder: The polymeric binder is chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene and perfluoroalkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The harmful substances comprise water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen or hydrogen chloride and the getter material comprises oxides of alkaline-earth metals, boron oxide, zeolites, carbon molecular sieves, hydroxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals or lithium salts (LiXOy), where X is zirconium, iron, nickel, titanium or silicon and y is 2-4, metal organic framework (MOF) suitably modified by the addition of aminic groups, and/or cobalt oxide, copper oxide, potassium permanganate, ternary alloys of zirconium, vanadium and iron, ternary alloys of zirconium, cobalt and rare earths, and metals or reduced or partially reduced metal oxides, where the metals are nickel, copper, iron and/or tin, and the reduced or partially reduced metal oxides are nickel oxide, copper oxide and/or iron oxide, magnesium oxide, palladium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium-vanadium-iron ternary alloys, zirconium-cobalt-rare earths ternary alloys. The oxide of an alkaline-earth metal is calcium oxide. The oxidation catalysts are platinum, palladium and rhodium. The oxidizing compound comprises potassium permanganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred components: The polymeric housing is made of polyolefins, fluorinated polymers, polytetrafluorethylene or ethyl-vinyl-acetate. The polyolefins are polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene or thermoplastic olefins (TPE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The lithium iron phosphate comprises less than 1-15 wt.% of carbon. The lithium source comprises lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium benzoate, and lithium acetate. The phosphorus source comprises a phosphorus-containing chelation agent. The iron source comprises iron oxide and iron carboxylate, ferric oxalate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ferrous oxalate, hydrated iron oxide, iron ammonium carboxylate, and ferric oxyhydroxide. The oxidizing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide or ozone. The metal source comprises niobium, zirconium, vanadium or titanium, ammonium zirconium carbonate, ammonium vanadate, titanium(IV)bis (ammonium lactato)dihydroxide and ammonium niobate(V)oxalate hydrate. The aqueous solution is free of a nitrate ion or a citrate ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The chelation agent comprises editronic acid and iminobis(methyl-phosphonic acid). The carboxylic acid is oxalic acid, 2-furoic acid, adipic acid, benzenetetracarboxylic acid, propionic acid, glutaric acid, pyruvic acid, tartaric acid and sarcosine. The carbon additive is glucose, oxalic acid, 2-furoic acid, adipic acid, benzenetetracarboxylic acid, propionic acid, glutaric acid and ascorbic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive nanoparticles (0-5 wt.%) are graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, carbon balls, titanium black and/or iron oxide having a particle size of 0.01-1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low boiling point solvent is alcohol, ketone, hydrocarbon and/or amide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high boiling solvent is polyhydric alcohol, polyalkyleneglycol and/or monoalkylether derivative. The water-repellent polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene (0-5 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode comprises the cathode active material selected from LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, V2O5, LiFePO4, or LiCo1-xNixOz. The anode active material selected from lithium metal or lithium alloy.x=0.01-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises one solvent or mixture of at least two organic solvents selected from a carbonate-based solvent, ester-based solvent, ether-based solvent, or ketone-based solvent. The anode comprises the anode active material selected from crystalline/amorphous carbon, carbon-based anode active material of a carbon composite, carbon fibers or tin oxide compound. The electrolyte comprises the diphenyloctyl phosphate (0.1 to 20 wt.%). The electrolyte comprises one lithium salt or mixture of at least two lithium salts selected from LiPF6, LiBF4, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, LiCF3SO3, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiN(CF3SO2)2, or LiCH(CF3SO2)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The separator is selected from a polymer membrane or multilayered film of polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyolefin, microporous film, woven fabric, and non-woven fabric. EXAMPLE - Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) solution (1.15M) dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC):ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (3:7 vol./vol.) was used as a base electrolyte to obtain an organic electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixing rate of 2-hexyne with respect to normal butyl isocyanide is 1-20 moles. The odorant contains mixture of normal butyl isocyanide and 1-pentyne. The odorant contains mixture of ethyl isocyanide and 2-hexyne. The 2-hexyne contains 3-methyl butanal and tertiary butyl mercaptan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The doping acid comprises phosphoric acid and/or sulfuric acid. The water stable polyazole solubilizing acid comprises sulfonic acid, methane sulfonic acid (preferred), trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, trifluoromethane carboxylic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, and/or fluoro-sulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred components: The polyazole comprises polybenzimidazole (preferred), polyimidazole, polytriazole, polypyrazine, polypyrimidine, polytetrapyrene, polyoxazole, polyindazole, polyisoxazole, polyisothiazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoxazole, polybenzoxadiazole, polyoxadiazole, polypyrazole, polyquinoxaline, quinoxazoline, polythiadiazole, polypyridine, polytetrazapyrene, poly(2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole), poly(2,2'-(1,3-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole), and/or poly(2,5-benzimidazole). The water stable polyazole solubilizing acid has a pKa of 0 to -14. The gel further comprises water. The support is a glass support or a polymer support. Preferred Process: The polyazole-acid solution is formed at below 200 degrees C. The method comprises flushing the polyazole-solubilizing acid from the polyazole-acid gel with water for forming a polyazole-water gel, then contacting the polyazole-water gel with a doping acid. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water soluble inorganic salt is sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, or sodium nitrate. An additive comprising magnesium and sodium nitrate is included. The metal particles and the catalyst are present in a ratio of 1000:1 to 1:1000, preferably 1:1 by weight. The catalyst is in the form of catalyst particles. Preferred Dimension: The catalyst particles are particles having a size of 0.01-10000, preferably 0.01-100 mu m. Preferred Property: The catalyst has a solubility in excess of 5x 103, preferably 0.1 mol/100 g of water. EXAMPLE - Aluminum powder (1.5 g) and sodium chloride (1.5 g) were Spex-milled for 15 minutes. The resulting powder mixture (2 g) was enclosed in a paper filter bag and immersed in tap water at pH of approximately 6 and 55 degrees C. The total amount of hydrogen released after 1 hour was 790 cc/1 g of aluminum. The generated hydrogen amount surpassed the amount of hydrogen generated by the standard aluminum-aluminum oxide system (50:50 wt %) under same process conditions by 41%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The constituent material of the metal sheet is one of stainless steel, nickel, nickel base alloy and copper alloy, or an iron-based alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particulate insulator comprises two or more types of alumina, titania, silica, ceria, zirconia, tin oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains palladium. The substrate film contains zinc oxide. Preferred Method: An intermediate layer and catalyst layer are sequentially provided on the support (101), to form reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite material includes carbon and a metal such as platinum, palladium, gold, silver, copper and iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In step (1), the mass concentration of formic acid is 7% and weight proportion of chitosan is 2%. In step (2), the weight proportion of crylic-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropylsulphonic acid copolymer is 2%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The preparation method of chitosan and acrylic-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid copolymer mixed film comprises (1) dissolving chitosan by water solution of formic acid at 80 degrees C during stirring for 0.5-2 hours to form film casting solution; (2) adding acrylic-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid copolymer solution in film casting solution which is formic acid solution of chitosan and stirring at 80 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours to form homogeneous film casting solution; (3) filtering, deaerating in still condition for 1-2 hours, casting on glass plate, and drying to form film; (4) cross-linking in 2 mol/L water solution of H2SO4, and washing by de-ionized water until it is neutral to form film cross-linked with H2SO4; and (5) drying in vacuum at room temperature for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flat conductor elements are manufactured from aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component parts are made of hard gelatin, cellulose, chitosan and/or carbon containing polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidant comprises 1-30 mass% peroxide. The mass ratio of lignite to peroxide is 1:0.15-1. The concentration of alkaline substance is 0.05-6 mol/L.Preferred Components: The alkaline substance comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or ammonia. The acid added for neutralizing supernatant liquid comprises common inorganic acid including hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid.Preferred Conditions: The oxidative degradation reaction is carried out at 20-70 degrees C for 20 minutes to 24 hours. The alkali is added into precipitate at 10-100 degrees C and reacted for 2-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antifoamer comprises ethanol or sucrose ester, where mass ratio of sucrose ester to silicon oil to water is 15:1:84.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is an organic solvent which is immiscible with water. The low molecular weight phenolic compounds are readily soluble. The organic solvent is preferably ethyl acetate. The ratio of olive production wastewater to organic solvent is 1-100:1, preferably 2.5:1. Preferred Method: The step of diffusing the low molecular weight phenolic compounds across the hydrophobic membrane from the olive production wastewater to the organic solvent involves pumping the organic solvent at pressure against the hydrophobic membrane. The olive production wastewater and solvent are pumped from opposing sides of the membrane in a crossflow process. The method further involves distilling a crude extract from the solvent. The method further involves condensing the solvent after extraction such that the solvent can be recycled. The method further involves precipitating the olive production wastewater before performing extraction. The method further involves collecting used up solvent and replacing with fresh solvent after or during extraction. Preferred Assembly: The hydrophobic membrane is a Liqui-Cel (RTM: Not defined) extra-flow phase contactor. The assembly includes several hydrophobic membranes arranged in series or parallel. The assembly further comprises wastewater pump and the solvent pump, which are peristaltic pumps requiring little power for operation. The assembly includes a pressure relief value in or proximal to the wastewaters flow line to ensure that the pressure against the membranes of the module is not excessive. The pressure relief valve is set to 100 kPa. The assembly includes monitoring unit in the solvent flow line to monitor the phenolic content of the solvent. The monitoring unit includes a photodiode UV detector. The pumps and/or monitoring unit are powered from the vehicle battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The anode is anode catalyst which includes optionally supported iridium oxide-based catalyst. The cathode is cathode catalyst which includes optionally supported platinum catalyst. The catalyst is applied onto carbon or titanium-based porous material such as buckey paper, cloth, fiber or felt. The porous metal frits are made of conductive material, preferably titanium, gold and/or graphite. The electroconductive end plates are made of stainless steel, graphite, gold and/or titanium. The reactant water is ultra pure water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The proton conductive membrane is made of Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In increasing the pathogenicity of bacterial strains, the exposure is performed at temperatures below 20 degrees C, preferably below 4 degrees C. The bacterial strains are grown in a medium with a pH of less than 5, preferably 2-4. The bacterial strains are grown in medium containing a concentration of solutes greater than or equal to 250 mM, preferably 350-1000 mM. The bacterial strains belong to the species B. pumilus or B. thuringiensis. ACTIVITY - Pesticide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No example given.
ACTIVITY - Cerebroprotective; Antiinflammatory; Anticoagulant; Thrombolytic; Antiarteriosclerotic; Vasotropic; Antibacterial; Immunosuppressive; Nephrotropic; Antiallergic; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antiarthritic; Antirheumatic; CNS-Gen.; Neuroprotective; Nootropic; Anti-HIV; AntiParkinsonian; Protozoacide; Cytostatic; Respiratory-Gen.; Ophthalmological. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Stem cell therapy; Gene therapy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The slow release fertilizer is prepared by co-precipitating metal precursors in polar solvent to prepare layered metal double hydroxide (I). Ion exchanging the anion of the layered metal double hydroxide is also included in the slow release fertilizer. Preferred Definitions: In formula (I)    M=Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Fe2+ or Cu2+;    M'=Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Ga3+, Co3+ or Ni3+; and    x=0.2-0.8.    ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The waste materials consist of metal such as iron material, aluminum material and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The waste includes waste fiber, waste plastic, waste Styrofoam (RTM: a light resilient foam of polystyrene), waste synthetic resin, waste leather, waste rubber, waste plastic film, culled wood, waste tire, synthetic membranous polymers sheet, illegal reclamation paper and other combustible materials, where illegal reclamation paper is made of synthetic high molecular material without vinyl sheet. The recycled product is obtained in form of refuse plastic fuel (RPF), refuse textile fuel (RTF), tire derived fuel (TDF) or refuse derived fuel (RDF). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition also includes one or multiple essential oils selected from clove bud oil, fennel oil, coriander herb oil, Citronella oil, lemongrass oil, savory oil, red thyme oil, white thyme oil, pimento berry oil, caraway seed oil, pennyroyal oil, oregano oil, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil, oil of cinnamon green leaf, Cassia oil, redistilled Cassia oil or pure Cassia oil. The composition also includes one or multiple components, which are selected from cinnamyl acetate, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, salicylaldehydea, terpineol, beta -caryophyllene, alpha -humulene, methyl salicylate, caryophyllene oxide, eugenol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol, chavicol, anethole, cinnamoyl chloride, 4-methoxycinnamonitrile, alpha -methyl-E-cinnamaldehyde, methylcinnamate, hydrocinnamoyl chloride, vinyl cinnamate, cinnamyl bromide, allyl cinnamate, E-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde, methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, hyrdocinnamyl acetate, 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, alpha -cyanocinnamic acid, hydrocinnamaldehyde, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, cinnamonitrile, E-3-methylcinnamic acid, isopropyl cinnamate, hydrocinnamonitrile, ethyl- alpha -cyanocinnamate, E-cinnamaldehyde, E-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl bromide, cinnamoyl chloride, alpha -cyanocinnamic acid or 3-phenylpropionaldehyde. ACTIVITY - Nematocide; Antimicrobial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystalline polymorph of cucurbituril compound is formed by using an acid. The acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulphonic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid, formic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The crystalline polymorph of cucurbituril compound is formed by using an acid. The acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulphonic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid, formic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The cucurbituril compounds are also represented by chemical formulae (II, III, IV and V).R=methyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Water is treated by various components, which is installed in metal tank, timber tank, plastic tank, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) tank, hollow echo box, depot, settling tank, flocculation basin, reservoir, drainage chamber, puddle. The source of water is selected from subsurface water, rainwater reservoir tub, river, flume, brook, reservoir, cistern, detention pond, dam, lake, seashore or marine. Non-woven fabric, geotextile, natural hemp, natural fiber, natural pulp, rice straw, adsorption gunny bag, adsorption mop, suction bar, adsorption rope, activated charcoal, rice hulls, waste tire, zeolite, zero valent iron, zero-valent metal, oyster shell, carbon, ion-exchange resin, yellow earth, bentonite, pearlite, lime, gypsum, waste moulded sand, nano-iron, nano-metal, nano-tube, microorganism are also used in the purification of water. The separation film is selected from ultra-filtration membrane (UF), microfiltration membrane (MF), nano-filtration membrane (NF), reverse osmosis membrane (RO), ion-exchange membrane (IE), hollow fiber membrane (HF) or semipermeable membrane (SP). The water purification uses acid, which is selected form hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, acetone, solvent or hydrogen peroxide.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The garlic extract is allicin. The red pepper extract is capsaicin. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Nematocide; Antibacterial; Acaricide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The composition is prepared by mixing paraffin oil, paraffin wax, emulsifier, alcohol, polyethenoxy stearyl alcohol for 15 minutes to obtain a mixture. The mixture is heated at 50 degrees C, where heated mixture is cooled. The cooled mixture is agitated at 18-22 revolutions per minute at 30 degrees C. The agitated mixture is cooled at 15-18 degrees C to obtain the composition. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Molluscicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The usage amount of acid catalyst is 0.2-3 wt.%. The reaction temperature is 55-115 degrees C, and the reaction pressure is 1-15 kg/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and/or benzoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substituent: The hydrophilic substituent is derived from compound chosen from organic amine, amino carboxylate and compound having carboxylate group. Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is basic catalyst. Preferred Surfactant: The surfactant is halogenated octadecyl trimethyl ammonium, halogenated hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium, halogenated tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium, halogenated octadecyl triethyl ammonium, halogenated hexadecyl triethyl ammonium or halogenated tetradecyl triethyl ammonium. Preferred Precursor: The silicon precursor is tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetramethyl orthosilicate, methyl triethoxy silane, phenyl triethoxy silane, dimethyl dimethoxy silane or ethyl triethoxy silane. Preferred Property: The cluster has specific surface area of 500-800 m2/g, pore volume of 0.4-0.8 cm3/g, average pore diameter of 30-45 Angstrom and average particle diameter of 0.5-5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): The mutant D.tertiolecta with high growth rate is obtained by (a) inoculating and culturing wild D.tertiolecta in culture medium in an illumination incubator, (b) subjecting wild D.tertiolecta to mutation by irradiation with ultraviolet lamp and then culturing in dark, (c) screening the mutant algae and the wild type at high temperature in the presence of high light intensity, (d) smearing live algae cells after high-temperature screening on a flat plate and after normal illumination culture, the algae strain with high growth speed is separated and stored, (e) firstly screening the algae strain with high growth speed and (f) finally re-screening the algae strain with high growth speed. Preferred Method: The wild type D.tertiolecta is subjected to mutation by ultraviolet irradiation using two ultraviolet lamps of 20W as light source and at a distance of 30 cm for 75 seconds, or with high temperature of 37-45 degrees C. The intensity of the light is 10000-50000 Lux. The first screening process involves selecting algae strain on the flat plate and then aging on one-time solid culture medium, inoculating the selected stain into a liquid culture medium and culturing in a culture plate for two-generation cells and in a transparent glass container for two generations, and screening algae strain which normally grows. The tissue culture plate is a couture plate with 12 ports. The re-screening process involves selecting the algae strain with high growth speed from the storage plate, activating on a solid culture medium and then inoculating onto a liquid culture medium, sub-culturing in a transparent glass container for three generations and screening the algae strain which grows faster.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metals: The metal for forming antifungal metal ion is selected from aluminum, zinc or copper. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydride compound is sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, potassium borohydride, ammonium borohydride, ammonia borane, tetramethyl ammonium borohydride, sodium alanate, lithium alanate, potassium alanate, calcium borohydride, magnesium borohydride, sodium gallohydride, lithium gallohydride, potassium gallohydride, calcium hydride, magnesium hydride or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is organic acid chosen from acetic acid, formic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, and taurine acid or their mixture, and inorganic acid chosen from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and heteropoly acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inhibitor for methanogenic microorganism is molybdate. The pH control acid chemical substance is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or carbonic acid. The pH control alkali chemical material is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. The inert gas is selected from helium, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inhibitor for methanogenic microorganism is selected from 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BESA), azide, aminobenzoic acid or anthraquinone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The order of process including washing, heating and pulverizing is changed selectively. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The molar ratio of copper and iron, or tin and iron in the composite metal oxide is 0.1-0.5. Preferred Process: The composite metal oxide is manufactured using an iron precursor, and a copper precursor or a tin precursor. The composite metal oxide (5-50 wt.%) is dipped in mixed powder of zirconia, ceria and/or alumina or a carrier. Preferred Component: The iron precursor is ferric nitrate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and/or ferric acetate. The copper precursor is cupric chloride, copper nitrate, copper sulfate and/or copper acetate. The tin precursor is tin chloride, tin sulfate and/or tin acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil and fat including free fatty acid are feedstock waste oil, vegetable oil or animal oil and fat, where vegetable oil is selected from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, sunflower oil or Jatropha oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is selected from tungsten oxide-zirconium oxide catalyst, tungsten oxide-aluminum oxide catalyst, tungsten oxide-silicon oxide catalyst, sulfate-promoted zirconium oxide catalyst, sulfate-promoted aluminum oxide catalyst, sulfate-promoted silicon oxide catalyst or sulfuric acid.The base catalyst is selected from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base catalyst is selected from sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is Amberlyst-15 (RTM: Heterogeneous reusable catalyst) or Amberlyst (RTM: Polymer based catalyst) BD20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is selected from calcium fluoride, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, chromium(III) oxide, titanium dioxide or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic material is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, calcium or their mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnetic powder is iron oxide, spent, magnetite or their mixture. The coagulant is selected from aluminum sulfate, inorganic iron, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, potassium aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, ammonium alum, clay, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide or active silicic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coagulant is organic coagulant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coagulant is polymer coagulant, which is selected from polyaluminum chloride or polyelectrolytes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The fuel comprises plant ash (4 pts.wt.), and red clay (1 pt.wt.).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: One or multiple components selected from 1-85 wt.% of 5-40C aliphatic alkane and alicyclic alkane, 0.01-85 wt.% of biodiesel, 1-85 wt.% biomass-to-liquids (BTL), 1-43 wt.% of synthetic crude oil (kerosene), 1-32 wt.% of hi-sene, 1-36 wt.% of hi-nine, 0.01-5 wt.% of lubricating base oil, 0.1-5 wt.% of turpentine oil, 0.1-3 wt.% of acetone, 1-17 wt.% of methyl tert.-butyl ether (MTBE), octane booster, ethyl tertiarybutyl ether (ETBE) or their mixture are also included in the fuel composition. One or multiple components selected from 1-19 wt.% of aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, 0.1-9 wt.% of butyl cellosolve, 0.1-11 wt.% of ethyl cellosolve, 0.001-6 wt.% of rosin, rosin derivative, rosin acid compound or their mixture, 0.1-13 wt.% of isopropanol, 0.1-12 wt.% of isobutanol or 0.05-5 wt.% of anticorrosive agent are additionally included in the fuel composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl chloride colloidal particle comprises (pts.wt.) polyethylene resin (40), soot carbon (15), kaolin (5), plasticizer (15), high-efficiency lubricant (0.5), chemical inhibitor (0.5), composite heat stabilizer (2), Tissuemat E(RTM: low molecular weight polyethylene) (15), calcium carbonate (5.4), metal naphthenate (0.1) and termite resistant agent (1.5). Preferred Components: The termite resistant agent is piquancy element extracted from hot pepper. The polyethylene resin is XS-2 or XS-3 type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of sodium acrylate and acrylamide, is 1:0-1:9. Preferred Property: The thickness of dry coating layer of composite membrane, is 0.7-2 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The algae material is a seaweed extract, including green algae, preferably species of Ulva and Enteromorpha. The seaweed extract has a solids content of 10-50 wt.%. The substrate consists of organic product or by-products of animal or plant origin, preferably animal and vegetable waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The seaweed extract is obtained from algal raw material that has undergone a maturation step for 1-48 hours, preferably 2-24 hours at 70-100 degrees C, preferably 85-95 degrees C. The seaweed is obtained by a process comprising: washing and grinding raw algal material to obtain a ground product of algae; diluting the ground product in water to obtain a diluted ground product, where a percentage of dry matter is 1-20%, preferably 4-6 wt.%; maturating the diluted ground product for 1-48 hours, preferably 2-24 hours, at 70-100 degrees C, preferably 85-95 degrees C, to give a mixture; separating two phases of the mixture, by centrifugation or settling; and recovering the solid phase, followed by pressing the solid phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali catalyst is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid composition includes 1-2 wt.% of myristic acid, 20-23 wt.% of palmitic acid and 5-9 wt.% of stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The modular facility is constructed from stainless steel materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The steaming out alcohol compound from the solution is prepared by reacting sodium hydride, ethylbenzene and dimethyl adipate in (a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in black liquor is converted into caustic soda (NaOH). The amount of caustic soda in cooking liquor after conversion is 40-70 g/L. The sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in black liquor is converted into sodium sulfide (Na2S) or mixture of sodium sulfide and polysodium sulfide. The amount of sodium sulfide in cooking liquor after conversion is 25-70 g/L. The amounts of sodium sulfide and polysodium sulfide in cooking liquor after conversion are 25-30 g/L and 0.5-35 g/L, respectively. The acid is carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen (H2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and/or sulfur trioxide (SO3). The catalyst is carbon, titanium oxide, ruthenium, zinc oxide, chromium oxide, manganese dioxide and/or ferric oxide. Preferred Process: The method further involves carbon preparation process which supplies less than or equal to 5 mm carbon made of common ink, carbonized material of municipal solid waste, charcoal, briquette, graphite, coal and paper sludge carbonized material of powder form to recovery boiler as carbon mixed black liquor, and adding alkali or acid chemical (caustic soda, magnesium hydroxide or sulfuric acid) adjusted to pH where acid and volatile substance tend to generate and carbon mixed black liquor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volatile organic is methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) as alkanes, methanol (CH3 OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), propanol (C3H7OH) and butanol (C4H9OH) as alcohol and/or polyhydric alcohols.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The co-catalyst consists of zeolites having small-sized crystals and with a low aggregation degree between the primary particles, and/or oxides or sulfides or precursors of sulfides of nickel (Ni) and/or cobalt, mixed with molybdate and/or tungstate. The zeolites are medium- or large-pore groups. The zeolites with medium or large pores are beta, Y or MCM-22. The co-catalyst consisting of oxides or sulfides or precursors of sulfides, is supported on solid particles with micronic or submicronic dimensions. The solid particles on which the co-catalyst is supported are aluminas, silicas, silico-aluminas, talc or micas. The catalyst also contains sulfides of vanadium (V), nickel, and/or iron (Fe). The catalyst is supported on alumina, silica, silicoalumina, talc or micas. The catalyst consists of molybdenum disulfide dispersed in a carbonaceous matrix containing crystalline domains of V, Ni or Fe sulfides. The catalyst and co-catalyst are present on the same carrier. The catalyst and co-catalyst are in a weight ratio of 100:1-1:70, preferably 75:1-1:50. Preferred Process: In the process, downstream of the hydrotreatment step, a separation is effected of the effluent stream leaving the step, where the heavier liquid fraction separated containing the dispersed catalyst and co-catalyst is recycled to the hydrotreatment step. The concentration of the hydrogenation catalyst dispersed in the feedstock, comprising the recycled stream, fed to the hydrotreatment step, defined on the basis of the concentration of the metal(s) is 100-30000 ppm. The hydrotreatment is effected at 350-480 degrees C and at pressure of 80-220 atmospheres. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises at least one corrosion inhibitor; at least one solvent; and at least one antimicrobial. Preferred Components: At least one active agent is at least one fragrance. At least one active agent is at least one insecticide. At least one surfactant is anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant. At least one surfactant is a blend of nonionic and cationic surfactants. At least one surfactant includes at least one of ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil; ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil blend; ethoxylated linear alcohol; secondary alcohol ethoxylate; polyglyceryl-10 laurate; polyglyceryl-6 caprylate; ethoxylated 6-17C alcohol; sorbitan monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate; alkyl 9-11C polyglycoside; didecyldimethyl-ammonium chloride; didecyldimethylammonium carbonate and/or polyethyleneoxide/polypropyleneoxide. The compressed gas propellant includes at least one of air, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, argon, carbon dioxide, methane and/or ethane. At least one corrosion inhibitor is phosphate, nitrite, or amino methyl propanol. At least one solvent is alkylene glycol. At least one antimicrobial is a methyl isothiazolone, benzisothiazolone, polyhexamethylene biguanide and/or carbamate. EXAMPLE - A composition comprising (wt.%): water (90-99), N-potassium-N-hydrogen phosphate (0.1-1), hydrogenated and polyethoxylated castor oil (0.06-1.9), 6-17C secondary ethoxylated alcohol with 3-6 ethylene oxide (0.04-1.1), quaternary ammonium salt (0.02-0.2), fragrance (0.1-2), propylene glycol (0.05-2), 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one and 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)one (0.02-0.5) and nitrogen gas (0.7) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the high-efficiency environment-friendly active alcohol-based liquid gas fuel comprises (pts.wt.) methanol (80), butanol (4), ethanol (5), potassium permanganate (1.5), antioxidant 501 (0.5), triethanolamine (1.5), and water (8.5).The content of the methanol is 80%. The content of the ethanol is 70%. The content of the buthanol is 85%. Preferred Components: The potassium permanganate, antioxidant 501, and triethanolamine are of technical grade. The water is deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Condition: The anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 33-38 degrees C. Preferred Component: The earthworm cast is obtained from earthworm cultivation field or biogas residue treated with earthworm after anaerobic fermentation. Preferred Parameter: The amount of earthworm cast is one quarter -2 times TS mass of wood fiber straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The inoculating liquid is digestion sludge of anaerobic sewage factory, sludge of old biogas tank or septic river sludge. Preferred Parameter: The initial TS concentration of inoculating liquid in anaerobic fermentation system is 10-60 (preferably 20-50) mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The wood fiber straw comprises crop straw, wheat stalk, sorghum stalk or Spartina alterniflora. Preferred Parameter: The wood fiber straw is crushed to 1-2 cm and fed in anaerobic fermentation system at initial total solid (TS) concentration of 4-8 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution includes sodium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is selected from dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The host bacteria for producing hydrogen is the facultative anaerobe or the obligate anaerobe. The facultative anaerobe is the Enterobacteriaceae bacteria; the obligate anaerobe is Clostridium bacteria. The Enterobacteriaceae bacterium is the Enterobacter bacteria or the Escherichia bacteria. The Clostridium bacterium is Clostridium paraputrificum; the Enterobacter bacterium is the Enterobacter aerogenes. The C. paraputrificum is C. paraputrificum (ATCC 17796); the E. aerogenes is E. aerogenes (IAM 1183). The gene carrying out the anaerobic fermentation and having the positive correlation with the anaerobic metabolism of the host bacteria is the encoding gene of the adjusting factor FNR or Narp; the adjusting factor FNR comprises a defined sequence of 250 amino acids (SEQ ID NO; 1); and the adjusting factor Narp comprises a defined sequence of 215 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 3); where sequences are given in the specification. The gene encoding the adjusting factor FNR comprises a defined nucleotide sequence of 753 bp (SEQ ID NO: 2), and the gene encoding the adjusting factor Narp comprises a defined nucleotide sequence of 648 bp (SEQ ID NO: 4); where sequences are given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the phosphate radical ions are dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-), biphosphate (HPO42-) and phosphate (PO43-) of pyrophosphate or orthophosphate, pyrophosphate radical ions or polypyrophosphate radical ions. The pyrophosphate or orthophosphate is sodium pyrophosphate or sodium orthophosphate. The terminal concentration of the basic culture medium containing the phosphate radical ions is 0.01-0.15 mol/L. The hydrogen-making microbe is Enterobacter aerogenes. The E. aerogenes is E. aerogenes (IAM 1183) or the one passing expression of polyphosphoric kinase. The E. aerogenes passing expression of polyphosphoric kinase is obtained by leading polyphosphoric acid kinase into the E. aerogenes (IAM 1183). The nucleic acid sequence of the polyphosphoric acid kinase gene is GenBank 946971 from the 1-2067 bit from terminal 5'. The solute of the basic culture medium is composed of glucose, trypsinase, ammonium sulfate and magnesium sulfate; the solvent of the basic culture medium is water; the terminal concentration of the glucose is 2.0-15.0 g/L, that of the trypsinase is 1.0-1.0 g/L and that of the ammonium sulfate is 0.2-3.0 g/L and that of the magnesium sulfate is 0.1-0.4 g/L; the pH of the basic culture medium is 5-7. The volume percent concentration of the oxygen is 0.8-2.1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The size of wood slice is 30 mmx 15 mmx 5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Sequences: The Photobacterium lipolyticum M37 strain has 340 amino acids of (SEQ ID NO: 1), given in the specification and Photobacterium lipolyticum M37 strain has 1023 nucleobases of (SEQ ID NO: 2), given in the specification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, isobutanol or tert.-butanol. The plant oil is olive oil. The waste oil is disposable edible oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The A. heterophyllus is whole fruit including peel, pulp, seed and core, with wet bract, natural and squashy fruit, or 80-90% ripe fruit being ripened to 100% with ethane. Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing and pulping seed of A. heterophyllus into 40-60 mesh powder. Preferred Condition: The sugar juice is fermented for 12 hours until amount of deflection of sugar content keeps to be less than 1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lignin degrading bacteria is Coriolus versicolor or Laetiporus sulphureus. The cellulose degrading bacteria is optimized mixed culture of Trichoderma viride, Cochliobolus sp. or Aspergillus niger. The mixed optimized culture organization comprises organization of C. versicolor and T. viride, organization of C. versicolor and Ceratocystis pilifer, and engineering preparation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fungus used to produce oil is Microsphaeropsis sp., Cunninghamella sp., Mortierella sp., Trichoderma sp., Rhizopus sp. or Fusarium sp.. The lignocellulose raw material is agricultural and forestry medicinal machining residues. Preferred Method: During fermentation, a monosaccharide is added into lignocellulose raw material to prepare solid fermentation culture medium. The fermentation is carried out at 20-35 degrees C for 5-15 days with ventilation and inoculum size of 2-25%. The method comprises sterilizing solid fermentation culture medium before fermentation, carrying out closed fermentation and extracting polyunsaturated fatty acid from fermentation product; or directly ventilating and fermenting without sterilizing solid fermentation culture medium, extracting oil from fermentation product to prepare biodiesel oil or producing fermentation product into solid fuel; and pressing residue into sheet, block or spherical shape to prepare solid fuel. Preferred Ratio: In solid fermentation culture medium, the weight ratio of lignocellulose raw material to monosaccharide to water is 1:0.1-1:1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The kitchen garbage is mechanically crushed into granules of 5-50 mm. The crushed kitchen garbage is mixed with water to form fluidic mixture with a solid content of 8-22%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic matter is biomass. The dreg is a dreg containing cell wall of the ferment microbe. The main component of the dreg is a peptidoglycan. The dreg consists of cellulose particles and/or hemicellulose particles which are the main components of the cell wall of the plant, and short fiber. The short fiber is cellulose short fiber and/or hemicellulose short fiber. Preferred Properties: The diameter of the dreg is 0.02-200 mu m, preferably 0.02-50 mu m. The diameter of the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles is 0.02-50 mu m. The diameter of the lump is 0.5 mu m to 2 mm. The diameter of the short fiber is 1-150 mu m. The length of the short fiber is 0.3-5 mm. The short fiber aggregate is in the form of bundle. Preferred Process: The fermentation process is anaerobic fermentation process performed using anaerobic microbe. The dreg produced in the anaerobic fermentation process is mixed with the elastomer component after carrying out smoking process or carbonization process. The anaerobic fermentation processes are methane fermentation treatment, ethanol fermentation process and/or hydrogen fermentation process. The cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles are aggregated, and become aggregated form. The fermentation process is performed using Aspergillus and/or yeast. The cell wall(s) of Aspergillus and yeast accompanies cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles, and short fiber. The short fiber in the cell wall of the plant is extended in a row. Preferred Composition: The compounding quantity of the dreg with respect to 100 mass parts of the elastomer components is 1-50 mass parts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition:(I) further comprises: an odor neutralizing component including propylene carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate for rapid odor reduction; and one or more microbes including Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Pseudomonas or Streptococcus. The strain is present at 1x 105-1x 1010 CFU/ml. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given. Test details are described but no results given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biocatalyst comprises microorganisms, preferably acetogenic bacteria particularly Clostridium, Moorella, and/or Carboxydothermus. The biocatalyst is preferably Clostridium ljungdahlii from PETC, ERI-2, O-52, or C-01.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The gasifier comprises chamber(s). The carbonaceous material comprises corn, corn stover, corn cobs, corn kernels, corn kernel fragments, corn plant fragments, fermentation waste, spent grain, spent microorganisms, spent biocatalyst, alcohol production liquid recycle, corn co-products, alcohol co-products, and/or ethanol co-products.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonaceous material comprises carbonaceous material, carbonaceous liquid product, industrial carbonaceous liquid recycle, carbonaceous municipal solid waste, carbonaceous agricultural material, carbonaceous forestry material, carbonaceous wood waste, carbonaceous construction material, carbonaceous vegetative material, carbonaceous petrochemical coproducts, carbonaceous coal, and/or tires. The syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide at ratio of less than or equal to 3. The alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, and/or butanol. The carbon dioxide gas is obtained from corn to ethanol facility. Preferred Methods: The method includes injecting carbon dioxide ( less than or equal to 50 lb/moles) per dry ton of the carbonaceous material in first chamber. The method includes producing steam used for utilization by corn to ethanol facility, sequestration of carbon dioxide from gaseous stream for carbon dioxide conversion to alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The sulfur oxidizing bacteria is one or more type of bacteria chosen from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus and Thioalkalimicrobium sibiricum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The oxygen concentration of to-be-processed gas is 0.8-1.6 vol.%. The pH of treatment material is in alkaline region. The treatment material is a bio-film of sulfur oxidizing bacteria formed on a support. The fuel gas is produced in a fermenter (1) which stores the fermented liquor containing livestock excrement, foodstuffs residue, and/or sewer line sludge in the lower space (12), and ferments under anaerobic conditions. Preferred Arrangement: The process unit is a tank with a reaction space (11) where the treatment material is arranged. The reaction space is the space at the upper portion of fermenter. The unit for preparing to-be-processed gas is a unit for introducing oxygen or oxygen-containing gas into the reaction space. The treatment material is arranged in a position where splash of fermented liquor can adhere. A replenishment unit is provided for replenishing nutrition and moisture content required for the treatment material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluid substance contains alcohol (A) having alkyl group with respect to alkoxy group of the alkoxysilane. The solid substance contains silicon oxide (45). The asbestos processing agent further contains water and water-soluble organic solvent (41). The organic solvent is different from the alcohol (A). The water is electro discharge-treated water. Preferred Processes: The fluid substance and solid substance are separated by heating. The alcohol is subjected to steam reformation, to obtain hydrogen (52). The silicon oxide is removed from the solid substance, to obtain solar cell (50). The metal salt is strong acid salt of potassium, calcium and/or sodium, preferably calcium fluoride and calcium sulfate. The electro discharge-treated water is obtained by passing water between primary and secondary electrodes and generating high voltage discharge between the electrodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heavy metal stabilizer contains 20-40 wt.% of orthophosphate, 20-30 wt.% of calcium oxide, 20-40 wt.% of fluorapatite and 20-30 wt.% of silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gasoline contains 51-485 ppm sulfur.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The distillation temperature of gasoline is at 22-195 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The low level alcohol contains (vol.%) methanol (66-99.5) and ethanol (0.5-34). Preferred Components: The fatty acid alkyl ester comprises methyl oleate, all kinds of methyl fatty acid and ethyl fatty acid. The auxiliary solvent comprises propanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, methyl tert. butyl ether, ethyl tert. butyl ether, methyl tert. amyl ether and/or dimethoxymethane. The gasoline cleaning agent is cleaning agent of polyisobutene amine, polyisobutene-Mannich amine or polyether amine. The antioxidant is phenol-like or amine compound. The anti-rusting agent is alkyl alkenyl succinate or alkyl alkenyl succinic anhydride compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electricity generated from biomass comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide is performed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathodic catalyst further comprises 0.05-25 weight% of tin, preferably 1-20 weight%, and 40-60 weight% of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles. Preferred Property: The particles in the cathodic catalyst has grain diameter of 30-50 micron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The preparation method of the low-heat-value sludge fuel comprises: (a) uniformly mixing 29.5-85% of sludge having water content of 40-98 wt.%, 10-70 wt.% of rice husk ash, and 0.5-5 wt.% deodorization disinfectant; and (b) drying the mixture to obtain the low-heat-value sludge fuel. Preferred Components: The water-containing sludge is urban domestic sewage sludge, paper-making sewage sludge, dying sewage sludge, or oil sludge having water content of 40-98 wt.%. The rice husk ash is the product after burning the rice husk ash. The deodorization disinfectant is calcium oxide, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, or chlorine dioxide. Preferred Composition: The high-heat-value sludge fuel comprises 30-70 wt.% of low-heat-value sludge fuel and 30-70 wt.% of coal powder and petroleum tar powder. Preferred Parameters: The heat value of the coal powder or petroleum tar powder is greater than 25080 kcal/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The production of hydrogen is performed using catalytic hydrolysis of chemical hydride such as alkaline metal, alkaline earth borohydride or amino borane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrogen storage tank, heat exchanger, gas liquid separator, condenser, fuel storage tank, product storage tank, collector, pipeline and valve are made of metal material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel storage tank, product storage tank, collector, pipeline and valve are made of plastic. The insulation layer formed in the catalytic reaction chamber is made of polyurethane foam or asbestos.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed energy-saving refrigerant comprises (wt.%) isobutane (1-50), and difluoroethane (50-99).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass comprises agriculture and forestry waste material and various kinds of sugar. The organic product in the hydrolyzing liquid is furfural, methyl furfural or hydroxymethyl furfural. The organic material is ethanol, methanol, acetone or dimethyl ether. Preferred Method: The extracting is conducted with the processes of hydrolyzing or pyrolyzing at the same time or after the processes of hydrolyzing or pyrolyzing is finished. When the process of extracting is processed with the processes of hydrolyzing or pyrolyzing at the same time, the extracting agent and the hydrolyzing liquid are added to a hydrolyzing container or the extracting agent flows into and out from the hydrolyzing liquid or hydrolyzing container in circulation. The hydrolyzing liquid is solution generated by fermenting the producing alcohols. The extracting agent is used for extracting at high temperature and the part enriched with the extracting material is separated out at low temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst using zirconia as carrier to load lanthanon oxide comprises lanthanum oxide(La2O3)/zirconium oxide(ZrO2), cerium oxide(CeO2)/ZrO2, samarium oxide(Sm2O3)/ZrO2, europium oxide(Eu3O3)/ZrO2 or yttrium oxide(Y2O3)/ZrO2; and is prepared by using ZrO2 as carrier and one of liquid of lanthanum nitrate (La(NO3)3), cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)3), samarium nitrate (Sm(NO3)3), yttrium nitrate (Y(NO3)3), lanthanon nitrate (Ln(NO3)3) as the material, dipping, controlling the charge number of the lanthanon oxide to be 5-35 %w/w, to obtain La2O3/ZrO2 (preferred), CeO2/ZrO2, Sm2O3/ZrO2, Eu3O3/ZrO2 or Y2O3/ZrO2. The solid alkali catalyst making the zirconia loading thulium oxide as the carrier to load the thulium oxide comprising potassium fluoride (KF) comprises one of KF/La2O3/ZrO2, KF/CeO2/ZrO2, KF/Sm2O3/ZrO2, KF/Eu3O3/ZrO2, KF/Y2O3/ZrO2, KF/Ln2O3/ZrO2; and is prepared by using La2O3/ZrO2, CeO2/ZrO2, Sm2O3/ZrO2, Eu3O3/ZrO2 or Y2O3/ZrO2 as the carrier to load KF and controlling the charge number to be 5-10 wt.%, and dipping to obtain KF/La2O3/ZrO2, KF/CeO2/ZrO2, KF/Sm2O3/ZrO2, KF/Eu3O3/ZrO2, KF/Y2O3/ZrO2, KF/Ln2O3/ZrO2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The methanol solution of diamino-diphenyl sulfone is replaced with methanol solution of alkali metal hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is prepared by coating PTFE emulsion on surface of silicon dioxide and depositing platinum on surface of carrier. Preferred Ratio: The mole ratio of added oxygen to hydrogen in the oven gas is 1:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Cooling water is sprayed to reduce temperature. The reaction is conducted at 20-90 degrees C. The method further includes compressing the gas to obtain natural gas for use.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The recyclable water is recyclable into one of saccharification process, and fermentation process. The supply of thin stillage is de-watered before removal of the microbial metabolite, plant derivative, and/or plant extractive. The supply of thin stillage is batch or continuous supply. The microbial metabolite is one of yeast metabolite and bacterial metabolite. In method (M2), the supply of thin stillage is commingled with an oil where at least one organic compound is reacted with the oil thus producing a blend of a processed thin stillage and a reacted oil; separating the reacted oil from the processed thin stillage; and recovering the organic compound from the reacted oil. The oil is canola oil. The processed thin stillage is commingled with an oil where at least one organic compound is reacted with the oil thus producing a blend of a further processed thin stillage and a reacted oil; separating the reacted oil from the further processed thin stillage; and recovering the organic compound from the reacted oil. In method (M3) the decontaminated de-watered thin stillage fraction is suitable for commingling with a dried distillers grain product. Preferred Components: The microbial metabolite is one of 2-phenylethanol, alpha -glycerylphosphorylcholine, glycerol, betaine, succinic acid, ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, 3-hydroxypropanal, and 3-hydroxypropanoic acid. The microbial metabolite is alpha -glycerylphosphoryl choline. The plant derivative is one of monosaccharide and disaccharide. The polar solvent is one of methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ketone, and/or dichloromethane. The microbial-inhibiting organic compounds is one of 2-phenethanol, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, 1,2-propanediol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is selected from sulfuric acid or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is selected from acetic acid or formic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid reactant comprises a liquid chosen from water, alcohol and peroxide. The solid anhydrous reactant is reactant comprising chemical hydride and an anhydrous activating agent, or is chosen from chlorate, perchlorate, super oxide and ozonide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic particles are silica, alumina, zirconia, zeolite or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The hydrocarbyl group polymer is polyether ether ketone, polyacetal, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone or polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Phototrophic microorganism layer is a layer of Parachlorella sp. Bainos. Translucent material is an acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compost structure includes green waste, vegetable waste, vegetation, yard waste, and green organic waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The base layer is made of woven polypropylene. The intermediate layer is made of a felted polypropylene structure having a high porosity for absorbing water. The top layer is a woven polypropylene layer. The cover includes a convection ventilation panel (30) made from an open weave material including natural material, man-made material, plastics material, synthetic material or two or more of their combinations including woven polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (a) takes place in the presence of a total hydrogen mixed with the charge at a ratio of hydrogen/charge of 70-1000 (preferably 150-600) Nm3 of hydrogen/m3 of charge. The hydrogenating function of the catalyst used in step (a) is ensured by at least one metal from group VIII and/or group VIB. The step (c) is implemented on an ion exchange resin. Preferred Components: The mono-dimensional 10 MR zeolite molecular sieve of the hydroisomerization catalyst is TON structure type zeolite molecular sieve such as NU-10, FER such as ferrierite, EUO, which is EU-1 and/or ZSM-50, or molecular sieves ZSM-48, ZBM-30 (preferred), IZM-1, COK-7, EU-2 and/or EU-11. The ZBM-30 is synthesized with the structure of organic triethylenetetramine. The hydroisomerization catalyst comprises at least one noble metal of group VIII and least one VIB group metal in combination with at least one non-noble metal group VIII. The hydroisomerization catalyst comprises platinum and palladium. The hydroisomerization catalyst comprises an active phase constituted of palladium and silver and hydroisomerization function made of ZBM-30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lattice structure is produced from crystalline silicium by silicon-on-insulator wafer material of poly-silicium or made by molecular beam epitaxy depositing silicium. The silicium structure is made by dry etching or wet chemical etching, particularly potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicium structure is made by dry etching or wet chemical etching, particularly tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive material is copper or nickel. The corrosion-resistant metal layer is made from material containing gold or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The mixed bacterial cultures comprise methanotrophic bacteria. Preferred Method: The production of PHA polymers further includes periodically introducing additional microbial species into the bioreactor; and repeatedly cycling bioreactor by selecting organisms that stored PHAs in first period while selecting against organisms that did not store PHA in the first period.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anaerobic degradation products comprise methane and volatile fatty acids. The volatile fatty acids comprise acetic and propionic acids. The nutrients comprise nitrogen and phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The production of PHA polymers further includes harvesting PHA periodically from the bioreactor at the end of first period; and cycling bioreactor through two periods with gradual increase duration of second phase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: The secondary extraction process consists of a compression equipment to extract the oil. The secondary extraction process consists of a collection kit with alcohols. The reaction equipment comprises of a heating equipment for oil, a static mixer for mixing the oil and catalyst, a continuous piping where individual issuers located generating ultrasound energy to break the molecules of oil components. The bioreactor consists of a transparent system of interconnected tubular frame bottom section fed by a diaphragm pump. The tubular frames are jacketed in the bottom section. The ultrasound extraction equipment is preferably by jacketing. Preferred Process: In the method, the extraction of lipids was performed by mixing with alcohol and subsequent evaporation. The temperature in the bioreactor is kept at 20-40 degrees C. The lipid extraction is performed in a controlled pH range of 8.2-8.7. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The methanotrophs are aerobic and anaerobic. At least one of methanotrophs is Methylomonas methanica. The proton exchange interface is a polymeric interface or nonpolymeric interface. The polymeric interface comprises nafion. The proton exchange interface comprises polytetrafluoroethylene and palladium. The proton exchange interface comprises particles having average diameter of less than 500 mu m. The particles comprise quartz and silica. The interface further comprises mesh screen (I) and a mesh screen (II) containing the particles. The mesh screen comprises glass and fiberglass. The anode comprises non-conductive material and conductive coating partially surrounding the non-conductive material. The conductive coating comprises graphite, graphite-containing paint, and graphite-containing powder. The anode is partially surrounded by an ion-permeable film. The film comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. The non-conductive material comprises cloth, ceramic, non-conducting polymer, polyvinyl chloride and glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The full width at half maximum of the second distribution is larger than W by a factor of 2 or more, preferably a factor of 4 or more. The ion beam comprises two or more different types of ions comprising hydrogen ions and carbon ions or hydrogen ions and oxygen ions. The adjustment of the energies of at least some of the ions is based on an expected ion dose profile in the material. The step of adjusting the energies of at least some of the ions comprises increasing a full width at half maximum of a Bragg peak of the expected ion dose profile in the material enough to reduce a difference between a thickness of the material and the full width at half maximum of the Bragg peak. Preferred Method: The adjusting step is based on a thickness of the material. The step of adjusting the energies of at least some of the ions comprise directing the ions to pass through a scattering element or through a hemispherical analyzer. The adjusted ion beam passes through a fluid prior to being incident on the material. The fluid is air at a pressure of 0.5 atmospheres or more. The difference between the thickness of the material and the full width at half maximum of the Bragg peak is 0.01 centimeter or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An odorization agent which contains sulfur compound is used along with cyclohexene as tracer. The odorization agent containing sulfur compound is mercaptans, sulfide, or thiophenes.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The hydrogen-sulfide removal apparatus further has an opening-and-closing portion (12) which is formed in the side and attaches or detaches the desulfurizing agent filling unit and filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The laccase stems are selected from Trametes pubescens, Trametes versicolor, Trametes, Agaricus bisporus and/or Mycelopthora termophila (preferably Trametes, Agaricus bisporus, or Mycelopthora termophila). The laccase is immobilized on Eupergit (RTM: inert carrier), Sepabeads EC (RTM: inert carrier), Sepabeads EC-EP (RTM: inert carrier), and/or Sepabeads EC-HFA (RTM: inert carrier) (preferably Eupergit).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The oxidative coupling is performed in aqueous buffer having a pH of 3.0-6.5, preferably 4.0-4.5, where the aqueous buffer is an acetate buffer; preferably the aqueous buffer is a 50 mM acetate buffer. The oxidative coupling is performed at 25-40 (preferably 30) degrees C. EXAMPLE - Catharanthine (440 mg) was suspended in 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 3.5, 41 ml) and vigorously shaken for 10 minutes at 45 degrees C in order to dissolve it completely. Vindoline (440 mg) was then added and the reaction solution was shaken for additional 10 minutes (vindoline was not completely dissolved). The solution pH was adjusted to 4.0 by adding 1 M acetic acid. Trametes versicolor laccase (170 mg) was dissolved in 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.0, 9 ml) and the solution was dropped into the reaction mixture, which was gently shaken (120 revolutions per minute) at 30 degrees C (vindoline was completely dissolved after 1 h). After 8 h, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 4% residual vindoline. The solution was filtered to separate the denaturated protein and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 by adding 1 M sodium hydroxide. Sodium borohydride was added (41 mg) and the resulting solution extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 ml). The organic solvent was, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give 415 mg of anhydrovinblastine (56% isolated yield).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process includes primary fermentation process where ethanol is removed while fermenting hexose in saccharified liquid using yeast or bacterial and supplying 0.01-0.5 vvm inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas simultaneously. Pentose fermentation microorganism is used after primary fermentation without performing microbial cell separation from fermented liquor and secondary fermentation of pentose is performed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wastewater treatment equipment further comprises measuring device which measures total nitrogen concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal is potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves subjecting the bark compost to hydrolysis until the moisture content is 40-50%, and then performing fermentation with hydrolyzed bark compost and Japanese cedar bark at 60-80 degrees C for 48 hours or more. The method involves mixing bark compost, bean curd lees or hen droppings with Japanese cedar bark material during fermentation. The method involves adding effective soil-fungi for acceleration of fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium oxide is doped with a transition metal having valence of +5. The transition metal precursor alkoxide and titanium precursor alkoxide are added into acidified alcohol medium, and hydrolyzed to deposit hydrated titanium oxide doped with 5-10 mol% of hydrated transition metal oxide on the surfaces of nanometer scale polymer template particles. The transition metal is niobium. The decomposable polymer template particles are provided by providing an acidified suspension of polystyrene nanoparticles in an alcohol-water solution such as ethanol-water solution. The polymer template particles are decomposed by heating at 500 degrees C or more. The titanium oxide and niobium oxide are decomposed by heating at 850 degrees C or more. The acidified suspension of polystyrene nanoparticles includes suspension with surfactant. The content of titanium and niobium alkoxide comprises titanium tetraisopropoxide and niobium pentaethoxide. The template is collected by performing spray drying process. The catalyst particles are deposited in a fuel cell electrode. The catalyst support material comprises titanium-niobium oxide (Ti0.92Nb0.08O2.04), and further comprises titanium oxides in lower oxidation state than titanium oxide, and nano-sized platinum catalyst particles. The catalyst support material has electrical resistivity of less than 15 ohm.cm. The mesoporous catalyst material and catalyst support material have pore diameters of 2-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcium carbonate containing substance or magnesium silicate containing substance is mixed in the binder. The calcium carbonate containing substance or magnesium silicate containing substance is shellfish shell powder. Preferred Process: The microorganisms are proliferated at high efficiency by adding and mixing with calcium carbonate containing substance or magnesium silicate containing substance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The plant starch is heated and spin-dried at 110-180 degrees C within a hot kneading machine by super-mixer. After mixing processed plant starch with binder, the obtained mixture is cooled at 65-85 degrees C in cold kneading machine, and extruded using biaxial screw-extrusion molding machine at 140-180 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plant starch is modified plant starch. The moisture content rate of plant starch is 1.5-5, preferably 1.5-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel cell system uses fuel gas such as ammonia, methanol, ethanol, butanol, dimethyl ether and hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Oxygen containing hydrocarbon is dimethyl ether and/or methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - The non-fresh water is pre-treated to remove organic components, algae, and particulate such as sand, waste material and other impurities. The heat is recovered using high temperature heat exchanger (11). The external source of energy is chosen from solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, fossil fuel energy and geothermal energy. A combustor (9) of the system producing fresh water includes refractory material. The fresh water-producing system further includes a unit which minimizes corrosion of any component which is in contact with salts and minerals (6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant extract is obtained from root of Rumex, root of Rheum, root of Angelica acutiloba, berries of Achyranthes bidentata, Ardisia japonica, Aster tataricus, Eupatorium spp., Aloe spp., Polygonum spp., Evodia officinalis, Hemerocallis fulva, Inula helenium, Mentha haplocalyx, Paulownia coreana, Petasites japonicas, Rhamnus davurica, Rhamnus crenata, Chrysanthemum morifolium or Cassia obtusifolia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected from 1-5 carbon alcohol, hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methylene chloride, chloroform or ethyl ether. The anthraquinone compound is selected from chrysophanol, rhein, physcion or aloe-emodin. ACTIVITY - Antialgal.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Elements: The metal catalyst comprises platinum, ruthenium, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt, tungsten, iron, iridium, rhodium, silver, gold, osmium, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, zinc, boron, aluminum, gallium, tin, lead, antimony, selenium, tellurium, cesium, rubidium, magnesium, strontium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium and/or rhenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method (M1), reducing is catalyzed by molybdenum (Mo)/cobalt (Co)/sulfur (S) catalyst, where the Mo/Co/S catalyst further comprises an alkali promoter. In method (M1), catalytically converting at least one methanol with carbon monoxide (CO) into third stream comprising acetic acid, where H2 is further introduced, thus generating acetaldehyde; reducing at least one acetic acid and acetaldehyde with H2 into fourth stream comprising ethanol; esterifying acetic acid with ethanol to generate ethyl acetate or acetate; reducing at least one ethyl acetate with H2 into fourth stream comprising ethanol; optionally recycling ethanol produced back to step; separating fourth stream into ethanol stream and recovered alcohol stream; and recycling recovered alcohol stream from back to step; and feeding portion of acetic acid into first reactor, under conditions for esterification of acetic acid with methanol, thus generating an acetate. The portion of syngas is separated to produce H2-containing stream for reducing step. The portion of syngas is separated to produce a CO-containing stream, and further involves feeding at least one CO-containing stream into second reactor, where in first reactor; acetic acid is converted to ethanol and ethyl acetate is converted to ethanol. The method (M1) further involves esterification of acetic acid with ethanol in first reactor to generate ethyl acetate; feeding recycled or stored methanol to first reactor; feeding recycled or stored acetic acid to first reactor. Preferred Components: The alcohol is selected from 1-10C alcohols, (preferably 3-6C alcohols). The alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, hexanol, cylcohexanol and/or phenol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example was given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additive composition is selected from a denaturant combined with a corrosion inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor, and/or at least two different corrosion inhibitors (preferably includes a corrosion inhibitor and a denaturant). The fuel ethanol composition ranges from E10 to E95.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyelectrolyte is hydrocarbon type or fluorine-type polyelectrolyte and the electroconductive particles are particles which do not contain hydrogen or fluorine, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substance: The hydrogen producing substance is metal material chosen from aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium, and their alloy. The hydrogen producing material further contains heat generating material (85-99 wt.%) capable of reacting with water and generating heat. The heat generating material is oxide of alkaline earth metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The ceramic catalyst is selected from tourmaline or boehmite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing butanediol by microbial fermentation, the butanediol is 2,3-butanediol. The substrate comprising CO is provided at a sufficient level, so that 2,3-butanediol is produced. The substrate comprising CO is provided so that a specific rate of CO uptake of at least 0.4 mmol CO/gram dry cells weight of bacteria/minute by the culture is maintained. The substrate is provided so that a specific uptake rate of at least 0.4-1.0 mmol CO/g/minute is maintained. Producing 2,3-butanediol by microbial fermentation comprises: (a) providing a substrate; and (b) in a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more microorganisms, anaerobically fermenting the substrate, where one or more microorganisms includes one or more 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase genes; and (c) upregulating the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene(s), so that 2,3-butanediol is produced by the microorganism(s). The microorganism(s) is(are) Clostridium autoethanogenum. The substrate comprising CO is gaseous. Preferably, the substrate comprising CO comprises 15-100% CO by volume. The substrate comprising CO comprises gas obtained as a by-product from an industrial process. It also comprises gas obtained from a steel mill. Specifically, producing 2,3-butanediol by microbial fermentation comprises: (a) providing a substrate; and (b) in a bioreactor including a culture of Clostridium autoethanogenum, anaerobically fermenting the substrate to produce 2,3-butanediol. The substrate comprises one or more carbohydrates. The method also includes an additional step of providing a substrate comprising CO before, at the same time, or after the step of providing a substrate comprising one or more carbohydrates. It also includes alternating between the step of providing a substrate comprising CO and the step of providing a substrate comprising one or more carbohydrates. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reforming catalyst material comprises a supply of sulfur-tolerant material; at least one noble metal catalyst and a promoter oxide additive; a noble metal-supported nanoscale ceria matrix; and ceria nominally doped with Gd2O3 or ZrO2. The support comprises diatomaceous type materials; and zeolitic-type natural clay optionally with angstrom-sized pores. The inert support comprises a high periodicity nanoporous biomimetic support. The de-sulfurizing material includes a zeolitic-type lightweight inert support. The support comprises a lightweight zeolitic-type mineral belonging to the family of aluminosilicates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms is selected from Moorella thermoaceticum, Thermoanaerobacter kivui, Moorella thermoacetica, Moorella thermoautotrophica, Moorella thermoaeticum, Moorella thermoautotrophicum, Thermoanaerobacter thermosaccharolyticum or Moorella thermoaceticum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fuel: The high octane aviation fuel (F1) comprises (wt.%): aromatic hydrocarbon (at least about 60, preferably less than or equal to 80) and isoparaffin (at least 15, preferably less than or equal to 40). The synthetic 100 LL octane aviation fuel (F2) comprises (wt.%) mesitylene ( less than or equal to 85, preferably at least 70, especially 70 to 85) and further comprises a normally liquid isoparaffin (preferably isopentane) (at least 15, preferably 15 to 30). Preferred Method: The fermentation in step (a) is conducted in an anaerobic reactor in the absence of oxygen. The metabolites of acetone, butanol and ethanol from step (a) are stripped from the fermentation when its concentration is 2 to 3 wt.% which avoids poisoning of the organism Clostridium acetolbutylicum or its mutagens. The trimerizing of acetone in step (d) is carried out in the gas phase by reacting acetone with sulfuric or phosphoric acid at elevated temperatures in the presence of a catalyst. The dimerization of acetone in step (c) is carried out in a catalytic reaction (preferably in a gas phase catalytic reaction) to yield isopentane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biomass is selected from sugars, celluloses, lignins, starches, or lignocelluloses (preferably hard woods, grasses, corn stover, sorghum, corn fiber, or oat hulls, which are pretreated with enzymes or strong acids to break any hemicellulose chains into their sugar monomers). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred System: In order to use the foodstuff waste material as the fuel for an electric power generating apparatus, cutting crushing is carried out first, at about 100 kg/cm3, it extrudes to spiral shape and forms by pressure. The system which processes a moisture content to about 12% using the exhaust heat of 550 plus minus 50 degrees C discharged to drying a fuel from the gas-turbine-engine generator used for an electric power generation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The grill elements are designed as massive steel disks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises: a loading area having a loading device extending through the gas-tight digester for continuously supplying fresh biomass into the digester and an unloading area having an unloading device extending through the gas-tight digester for removing used biomass from the digester. The device further comprises many transport cushions fillable with fluid, which are contacted with the biomass to be transported, and which are arranged on the base plates and/or the ceiling walls and/or the ceiling wall between the loading and the unloading area. The device further comprises a fluid control device for gradual filling and emptying of successive transport cushion, so that a wave motion is generated, through which the biomass is moved from the loading area to the unloading area. A percolate level control regulates the percolate level in the digester to a level to just below the ceiling wall. The transport cushions are adjacently arranged to each other on the base plates and/or the ceiling walls. In the area of the loading device, at least a cushion pusher fillable in the transport direction of the biomass is provided. Many vaults are respectively covered by a gas hood. The base is a perforated floor or a grid. The digester is cylindrical in shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The nitrogen and phosphorus biological removing step includes nitrification, denitrification, aerobic phosphorus-absorption and anaerobic phosphorus-releasing actions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The channel section, the introduction section and the manifold section are integrally molded with each other using a composite material, which is selected from a carbon fiber prepared using a thermoplastic and thermosetting resin as a matrix, and a polymer containing a conductive carbon fiber, a carbon black, graphite particles and metal particles. An elongated hollow member is inserted into each of cooling water flow channels of the channel section, where the hollow member is selected from a metal pipe, a composite material pipe and a poly vinyl chloride (PVC) pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The special washing liquid comprises a solution containing the so called oil eating bacteria that is a solution containing selected bacteria able to degrade chlorine hydrocarbons, chlorophenols, oil/chemical/waste, oils, fat, sulfurs and their compounds. The solution is used without dilution in waters to be cleaned (0.5 L/m3), and approximately 200-300 cc/m2 of surface to be treated.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The special washing liquid comprises a solution containing water with an ecological surfactant, and water with molecular chain destroyer, where the latter comprises sodium metasilicate (0.16-1.1%), sodium carbonate (0.15-0.9%), non-ionic surfactant (0.02-0.08%), and water (97.5%-99.1%). The sodium metasilicate permits the micro-waterproofing through the creation of a gelatinous film that binds to precipitated particles. The sodium carbonate is able to realize the precipitation and embedment process involving the polluting materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal layer comprises an alloy of niobium, titanium and nickel. A palladium (alloy) layer is formed on the surface of metal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The content of zinc oxide, magnesium carbonate, auxiliary agent, alkali auxiliary agent and binder, are 50-80 weight parts, preferably 70 weight parts, 1-10 weight parts, preferably 6 weight parts, 1-5 weight parts, preferably 1 weight parts, 2-40 weight parts, preferably 25 weight parts and 20-50 weight parts, preferably 25 weight parts respectively. The alkali auxiliary agent (1-5 mass%) is sodium metasilicate, sodium meta-aluminate or liquid alkali, preferably sodium meta-aluminate. The auxiliary agent is kaolin, attapulgite, bentonite or high capacity sulfur powder. The binder (1-5 mass%) is carboxy methyl cellulose or methyl cellulose solution. The de-sulfurizer has bulk density of 1-1.25 kg/L. Preferred Process: The method further involves extruding the obtained mixture in double-screw extruder for 3 times using cloverleaf-shaped porous plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial inoculum composition prepared by culturing the above-mentioned microorganisms by slant culture, first grade shaking culture and second grade shaking culture, and then transferring the microbes into solid medium and culturing at 35 degrees C. Preferred Components: The slant culture medium comprises (in g) peptone (10), beef extract (3), sodium chloride (5), agar (15) and distilled water (1 l), and has pH of 7. The solid medium comprises casein (10), beef extract (10), yeast extract (5), glucose (5), sodium acetate (5), citric acid diamine (2), Tween 80 (RTM: polysorbate 80) (1), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.2), manganese sulfate (0.05), calcium carbonate (20), agar (15) and distilled water (1 l), and has pH value of 6.8. The solid base material comprises sawdust, rice bran, corn powder, soybean flour and bran in the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The gravel groove is arranged in the route of family sewage, particularly rainfall runoff, where the depth is 20-40 cm and the width is 20-30 cm, and the grain diameter of the packed gravels is 5-20 mm. The surrounding height of the biogas residue storage yard is not higher than 20 cm. The bottom is tamped by clays or pasted by cements. The outlet is connected with the gravel groove to prevent the runoff directly draining. The upper part of artificial wetland is designed for water penetration and its bottom is designed for deflection effluent. Its surroundings and the bottom are a brick concrete structure. The ratio of the length to the width is 2-3. The service capacity of the artificial wetland is 5-10 m2 per household, which can effectively process daily sewage and rainfall runoff below 20 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plants are native soil hygrophytes which can supply a certain landscape effect with lots of biomass. Plants in the artificial wetland are harvested in autumn to throw them into the marsh gas tank together with crop straws for transforming into clean energy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light fed through optical feeding fiber comprises wavelengths which are absorbable by water vapor, methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The transistor is metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Group: The ion-exchangeable functional group is sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphonic acid group, phosphinic acid group, arsenious acid group, phenoxide group, quaternary ammonium group, tertiary sulfonium group, quaternary pyridinium group, primary amino group, secondary amino group, tertiary amino group, pyridyl group and/or imidazole group. Preferred Compound: The surface treating agent is silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon material contains a carbonized carbon-precursor polymer comprising nitrogen as a main component. Preferred Property: The shape of the carbon material is powder form, particulate form, aggregated form, fibrous form and/or sheet form. Preferred Process: The surface of the carbon material is grafted, after processing with a surface treating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-ion solution is aqueous solution. The metal-ion solution further contains chelating agent and polyhydric alcohol. Preferred Condition: The porous base material is heated at 650-800 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours after drying at 150-400 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours. Preferred Components: The metal ion is nickel ion, iron ion, cobalt ion, manganese ion, vanadium ion, cerium ion, lanthanum ion, neodymium ion, yttrium ion, samarium ion, gadolinium ion and/or ytterbium ion. The porous base material contains composite material and electrolyte material chosen from lanthanum-strontium manganese complex oxide, lanthanum-strontium cobalt complex oxide and lanthanum-strontium cobalt iron complex oxide. The air electrode has porous base material, and nanocomposite particles (32) adhered to cell wall surface (31a) of the porous base material. The nanocomposite particles are particles which contain silver particles (32a), and oxide of metal chosen from transition metal and rare earth element other than silver adhered to surface (31b) of silver particles. The nanocomposite particles are composite particles which are formed by adhering particles including metal oxide (32b) with average particle diameter of 5-100 nm to surface of silver particle with average particle diameter of 10-200 nm. The metal oxide is nickel oxide, ferric oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, vanadium pentoxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, neodymium oxide, yttrium oxide, samarium oxide, gadolinium oxide and/or ytterbium oxide. Preferred Properties: The air hole has average hole diameter of 0.1-2 mu m. The nanocomposite particles have average particle diameter of 15-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chelating agent is hydroxy carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Alternatively, biogas calorific value stabilization for micro turbine using the device above comprises determining biogas line valve and LNG line valve based on the methane content value; and comparing the methane content measured value and set value of the gas mixed in the gas chamber and amending the opening of the automation valve (140). The biogas and LNG line valve are determined by OVbio=Cval x (Mset-Mbio)/(Mcity-Mbio) or OVcity=Cval x (Mcity-Mset)/(Mcity-Mbio). The measured methane content of the gas mixed in the gas chamber is the set value or greater; and the methane content measured is amended according to the automation valve (140) after opening, and preferably determined using the formulas OVbio=OVbio+OVbio x 0.1x(Mfinal-Mset)/(Mset-Mbio) and OVcity=OVcity+OVcity x 0.1x(Mfinal-Mset)/(Mcity-Mset). The methane content measured value of the gas mixed in the gas chamber is according to due to the United States set value and the opening of the automation valve (140) is amended, given in the following formulae: OVbio=OVbio-OVbio x 0.1x(Mset-Mfinal)/(Mset-Mbio) and OVcity=OVcity-OVcity x 0.1x(Mset-Mfinal)/(Mcity-Mset).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biofuel or biofuel intermediate is mixed with a conventional hydrocarbon, where the biofuel is a biodiesel. Preferred Components: The phenol has a structure of formula (Ia), preferably butyl phenol, amyl phenol, octyl phenol, nonyl phenol, dinonyl phenol and/or dodecyl phenol. The aldehyde has a structure of formula (R1-(CH=O)), preferably formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or propionaldehyde. The diamine or polyamine has a structure of formula (H2N-CH2(a)-(NH-CH2(b)y)-NH2), preferably ethylene diamine. The alkylene oxide used is 0.5-50 moles, preferably 2-30 moles of alkylene oxide per each mole of phenolic oxygen in the resin.R = 1-18C alkyl;R1 = H or 1-8C alkyl;x = 0-2;a, b = 1-4; andy = 0-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin has a molecular weight of 2000-10000, preferably 2500-8000. The resin is prepared in a molar ratio of phenol to (aldehyde and/or diamine and/or polyamine) (phenol: (aldehyde and/or diamine and/or polyamine)) of 0.8:1-1:0.8, preferably 1:1. Preferred Process: The oxyalkylation of the resin is performed using an alkylene oxide having 2-8 carbons, where the alkylene oxide comprises ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble Sn salt is tin chloride pentahydrate. The soluble Ga salt is gallium nitrate hexahydrate. The soluble aluminum salt is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate. The soluble iron salt is iron nitrate nonahydrate or iron sulfate nonahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas quality is monitored on basis of concentration of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide by using chemical sensors, preferably electro-chemical cells, particularly laser diodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the pre-treatment of sugarcane leaf raw material refers to cutting the harvested sugarcane leaf into sections of 1-3 cm long; or crush with a straw rubbing crusher and adding water to adjust the water ratio to 60-65%. In the pre-treatment of the sugarcane leaf raw material, the cut or crushed sugarcane leaf raw material is mixed with the N-containing matter in the water after moistened by water; the obtained mixture is controlled so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-30:1; and the water ratio is 65-70%. The water ratio of the uniformly stirred mixture added in with 0.5-1% of Lvjieling is 75-80%. The nitrogen-containing matter can be one or several selected from urea, ammonium bicarbonate or livestock manure. The inoculum can be residue after the prior fermentation. The throwing volume of the inoculum is not less than 30% of the volume of raw material sugarcane leaf. The drastic reduction of gas yield of the fermentation device each day refers to that the daily gas production is lower than 40% of average daily gas production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of platinum catalyst is 20-60 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed solution contains distilled water, hydrochloric acid and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: The polymer is synthesized by agitating solution which is obtained by mixing potassium persulfate in distilled water, adding styrene and methacrylic acid and reacting under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture containing titanium sulfate solution is loaded into spherical titanium dioxide supporter with hole, and obtained solid sample is plasticized. The solid sample is plasticized at 600-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cuts are formed diametrically across the log. The base has a length approximately 25% of the length of the log. The length of the log is twenty-four to seventy-two inches. The log has a diameter of at least nine inches. The pie-shaped segments are removable and where base has a length 25% of the length of the log. The diametrical cut consists of four diametrical cuts defining eight elongated, pie-shaped segments in the log. The eight pie-shaped segments are removable, the base having a length 25% of the length of the log, the length of the log is twenty-four to seventy two inches. Preferred Method: In the method, the base has a length 25% of the length of the log, the added chemical being charcoal igniter fluid or citronella. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process involves using an alkali salt for the salt or as component of the salt mixture; using a halogenide for the salt or a component of the salt mixture; and continuously removing portions of the molten salt. Preferred Salt: The salt or a component of the salt mixture comprises one of alkali salt, ammonium salt or zinc salt, magnesium salt, calcium salt or an iron salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: At least one filler body in the packing increases an exchange surface between the hydrothermal molten salt and the watery biomass. The packing comprises one of ring-shaped, saddle-shaped or grid-type filler bodies, structured sheet metal packs, Berl saddles, Braunschweiger Wendeln (packed columns), wire spirals, bubble trays, porcupine packs, machine-wire rings, or mini cascade rings. The packing comprises one of a metal, metal oxide, alloy, or carbon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plasma comprises a quartz tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the compound is ethanol. It comprises at least one solvent selected from propanol, proprionate, acetate, lactate, and formate. The gene associated with sporulation is a gene upregulated by Spo0A. Preferably, it is selected from SpoIIAA, SpoIIAB, SigF, SpoIIE, SpoIIGA, SigG, and SigE. The altered activity is reduced activity of the gene. It is obtained by introducing into the cell an oligonucleotide that targets the gene, where the oligonucleotide is introduced into the cell by expression from a plasmid that has been introduced into the cell. The altered activity is obtained by deleting or mutating at least a portion of the gene associated with sporulation. The culture medium comprises a biomass material. The biomass material comprises a plant polysaccharide. It comprises a lignocellulosic material. In reducing sporulation, reducing comprises disrupting the gene. Reducing the activity comprises providing an oligonucleotide to the strain, where the oligonucleotide is provided by an expression plasmid; or reducing the activity comprises deleting or mutating at least a portion of the gene. Preferred Cell: The cell comprises an alteration of at least one gene associated with sporulation. Alteration comprises disruption of gene activity by an oligonucleotide; or alteration comprises at least a partial deletion or mutation. The cell further comprises an expression plasmid encoding the oligonucleotide. Preferred Mixture: The mixture further comprises a second microorganism, where the second microorganism is a yeast, fungus, or bacterium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves repeating the steps (a)-(e) until the lake substrate sludge contamination index is confirmed. Preferred Composition: The microbial inoculum complex comprises (in weight parts) photosynthetic bacterium (10-50, preferably 30), B.subtilis (10-50, preferably 30), nitro-bacterium (10-40, preferably 20), Lactobacillus (5-20, preferably 10) and microzyme (5-20, preferably 10). The microbial inoculum complex further comprises Acetobacter (1-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The specific material is made of organo-polysiloxane which is a polysiloxane containing fluoroalkyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves culturing G.candidum Dec 1, and adding the culture supernatant of G.candidum Dec 1 to melanoidin containing wastewater, where culturing is performed in two cultivation tanks and alternately performing acquisition of culturing of G.candidum Dec 1. The method involves performing methane fermentation treatment or activated sludge treatment for melanoidin containing wastewater before the process of G.candidum Dec 1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adsorption part consists of activated alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The edible oil, synthetic resin, organic refuse and sawdust or combustible refuse are mixed and heated in heating container. The weight ratio of synthetic resin and organic refuse, or organic refuse and sawdust or combustible refuse is 100:100-300.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises passing the retentate through a molecular sieve to produce an anhydrous ethanol product. The permeate in a rectification column and/or in membrane separation unit is further processed to produce an anhydrous ethanol product. The regeneration stream in a rectification column upstream of the membrane separation unit is partially dewatered. The water is permeated from the partially dehydrated mixture or retentate through a membrane separation unit to produce additional substantially dehydrated product. Preferred Component: The retentate is a hydrous ethanol product. The substantially dehydrated product is anhydrous ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biocatalyst is a lipolytic enzyme, e.g. lipase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mineral acid is hydrochloric acid added at 1-1.5 ml/25 ml of the oil. Charcoal is added to the reaction mixture at 1-2 g/25 ml of oil. The alkali catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biofuel additive is present at 20 wt.%. Preferred Process: The degumming is done by heating the crude oil followed by treating the crude oil with orthophosphoric acid in weight ratio of 0.01-5 of the oil. The neutralization is performed using water or lime water. The step of clarification of the oil includes treating the degummed oil with a mineral acid, and allowing to settle overnight to obtain the clarified oil. The transesterification includes shaking the reaction mixture at 50-250 rpm for 10-60 minutes; and mixing the treated oil with the biocatalyst, incubating for an hour, and adding alcohol to the mixture. The mixture is shaken at 30 degrees C when the biocatalyst is used. Preferred Component: The transesterification is carried out with an alcohol, preferably methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of hydroxyl free-radical active oxygen added into the to-be-treated sewage water is 10-20 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The algal biomass has a rate of dry material of 10-50 wt.%. Preferred Process: The algal biomass is obtained from green algae, preferably species of Ulva or Enteromorpha. EXAMPLE - Green algae (12025 kg) was washed, drained (dry matter 9.53%) and crushed by a 3-stage refiner cuts to obtain a pure algae having average size particles of 5 microns. The obtained pure algae (12025 kg) was mixed with water (10 895 l). The mixture was raised to 90 degrees C and the temperature was maintained at that level for 2.5 hours and then reduced to 40 degrees C gradually in 12 hours and worked up to give algal biomass (1732 kg) to dry matter (25.10%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline solution is potassium hydroxide. The agricultural waste is rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, bagasse, almond shell, grape seed, rice hull and corn cob. Preferred Properties: The porous carbon material has Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 900-1100 m2/g, and average Brunauer-Emmett-Teller pore diameter of 20-25 Angstrom .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process is a steam cooking prior to a pulping process. The extract is clarified by sedimentation or centrifugation. The clarified extract is fractionated in a series of membranes. The series of membranes comprises ultra filtration followed by nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis filtration. Hemicelluloses and sugars in the fractionated concentrate are hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid or enzymes into fermentable sugars. The preferred conditions for sulfuric acid hydrolysis are pH 0.1-4 for 30-120 minutes at 80-180 degrees C. The fermentable sugars are used to produce cellulosic ethanol. The fermentable sugars are used to produce butanol. Lignin from membrane rejects is recovered as a combustion fuel. Acetic acid in permeate from the membranes is converted to an acetate derivative. Permeate from the membranes is clean water which is recycled back to the host plant. Cellulosic ethanol is produced in zero liquid discharge facility. EXAMPLE - A pH of extract (125 ml) from the steam cooking of hardwood chips was adjusted to 1 by adding sulfuric acid (95%). The extract was then hydrolyzed at 120 degrees C for 1 hour in an autoclave. The pH of the hydrolyzed liquor was adjusted to 5.6 using ammonium hydroxide (30% ammonia). The liquor was then combined with peptone (3 g) and yeast extract nutrients (1.5 g). The solution (15 g) was combined with yeast (3 g) and inoculated at 30 degrees C for 4 hours. The inoculated solution was recombined with the original and fermented at 35 degrees C for 4 hours to get acetic acid and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (disclosed): The switchgrass cultivar Cimarron is produced from random intercrossing of seven parent plants. Six of the parent plants of Cimarron are originated from SL93 breeding population, which is formed by polycrossing approximately equal numbers of randomly chosen plants of Alamo and PMT 279. Preferred Method: The switchgrass cultivar is planted in a sward. The progeny results from outcrossing of the switchgrass cultivar plants. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The perfluorodecalin solution is further mixed with a biological growth medium, during the method of operating photobioreactor. The biological growth medium is suitable to support photoautotrophs capable of photosynthetically utilizing carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorbent composition contains perfluorodecalin solution. The waste gases are chosen from combustion of fuels, power plant emissions, vehicle exhaust, conversion from methane in hydrogen plant, fermentation of sugar, thermal decomposition of limestone, sodium phosphate manufacturing, landfills, carbon dioxide springs and other carbon dioxide source. Preferred Apparatus: The absorbent apparatus consists of gas separator unit which removes gases other than carbon dioxide and nitric oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic material is a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The biomass material is wastewater sludge, sewerage sludge, chicken litter, bone meal, spent mushroom compost, wood, organic plant material, products, by-products or plant residues including rape seed, hemp seed, corn and sugar cane residues. The wood includes wood fines or wood dust. The biomass material contains up to 70 wt.% moisture. A majority of the dry solids content of the biomass material is of a size of less than or equal to 1 mm. At least 40% of the material is of a sub-micron size.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The binder is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The particulate carbon-based material is coal dust or coal fines. A majority of the particulate carbon-based material has a maximum size or grade of less than or equal to 3 mm. The binder includes surfactant(s). Preferred Process: The moisture in the particulate carbon-based material is reduced to less than 5 wt.%. The process is carried out without requiring separate active curing step(s). The binder is sprayed onto the biomass material and/or the particulate carbon-based material. At least one of the tumblings is carried out in a rotary drum. The binder is added in an amount of 1-10 (preferably 3-7) wt.% of each of the biomass material and particulate carbon-based material. Lime, inorganic binders and/or waterproofing additives may be added. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves recycling heavy fraction from the distribution of cracked hydrocarbon to the hydrocracking process, and recovering a middle distillate fraction from the heavy fraction. The hydrotreating process operating condition comprises reaction temperature of 300-850 degrees F and reaction pressure of 300-3000 psig. The hydrocracking process operating condition comprises reaction temperature of 400-900 degrees F and reaction pressure of 250-3000 psig. Preferred Component: The renewable feedstock comprises monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride and/or free fatty acid. The renewable feedstock is biorenewable feedstock comprising animal fats, animal oils, poultry fat, poultry oil, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, rendered fats, rendered oils, restaurant grease, brown grease, waste industrial frying oils, fish oils, and/or fish fats. The naphtha comprises 4-10C paraffins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The production process is alternately performed in the manner that a surface to be coated alternately treated with the solution of the compound (I) and the solution of the linker. The process is carried out using the sequence of different linkers. Preferred Components: The compound (I) is zinc oxobenzoate, zinc oxoacetate or zinc formate. The linker is used in a mixture with neutral ligands.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The linker comprises aromatic di- or tri-carboxylic acid, preferably terephthalic acid, ortho-phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acid and/or benzenetribenzoic acid. The linker comprises salts, ester, amides or anhydrides of an acid having at least four donor atoms. The non-aqueous solvent or dispersion medium is: aprotic polar solvent or dispersion medium; and ketone and/or carboxylic acid amides. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Film: The thickness of the noble metal film is 5-200 nm. The noble metal film comprises gold and/or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: The specific gravity of the storage device is 1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms functioned within biologic reactor are sulfur oxidizing bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The odor components in waste gas are hydrogen sulfide as sulfur compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Unit: The unit (70a) is a structure containing linear material, plate-shaped material, block-shaped material and/or porous material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The radical-proof agent is cerium oxide and/or zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyelectrolyte precursor has equivalent weight (EW) of 500-1000 g/eq, concentration of sulfonyl halide group of formula -SO2X of 15-40 mol% after 270 degrees C and ionization, and melt flow rate (MRF) of 5-100 g/10 minutes in 2.16 kg of loads.X=halogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The decolorizing agent comprises (wt.% of oil) hydrochloric acid (0.1-0.2) and sodium hypochlorite (0.1-0.5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation method comprises:(A) filtering hogwash oil recycled from food waste to remove mechanical impurities of bone and break aggregate in oil, dehydrating in vacuum at 80-120 degrees C and filtering finely with 3-level filter screen at 150 mesh to remove residual impurity;(B) esterifying in sealed reactor with composite acid catalyst (0.3-2 wt.% of hogwash oil) at 60-90 degrees C for 0.5-3 hours and performing ester exchange reaction with potassium methoxide alkali catalyst (0.3-2 wt.% of hogwash oil) at 60-90 degrees C for 0.5-1 hour;(C) separating to upper-light phase comprising fatty acid methyl ester and lower-heavy phase comprising glycerin through density difference in butterfly type centrifugal machine; and(D) adding decolorizing agent at 60-100 degrees C and decolorizing oil for 0.5-1 hour.Preferred Parameter: The composite acid catalyst comprises concentrated sulfuric acid, oxalic acid and glacial acetic acid at mass ratio of (0.3-2):0.1:0.1.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cellulose in the cellulose raw material gained from the wheat straw basified in the paper manufacturing industry is 60-71%. The cellulose in the cellulose raw material gained from the wheat straw by liquefying is 60-68%. The solid fermentation is as follows: the acid former Klebsiella germ liquid is added into the raw material; the cultural method of the germ liquid is: add 1% of beef extract, 1% of peptone, 1% of glucose, 0.5% of sodium chloride, and 100ml (w/v) of water; and fermenting for 3-5 days under the condition that the temperature is 30-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cellulose of cellulose raw material in straw obtained by basification in paper-making industry is 60-71%. The cellulose raw material in straw obtained by liquefaction process is 60-68%. The liquid state fermentation specifically includes: adding acid-producing klebsiella bacterial liquid based on 1-5% of inoculum concentration; culturing bacterial liquid; adding 1% of beef extract, 1% of peptone, 1% of glucose, 0.5% of sodium chloride; adding water to 100 ml (w/v); keeping temperature for 30-40 degrees C and fermenting for 3-5 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The mixed gas in (a) is treated by the treatments of gas cooling and toxic and harmful gas de-sorption. Preferred Components: The liquid phase absorbing agent is alcamines solution, alkaline solution or water solution. Preferred Device: In the device, the front of the press machine is connected with a gas filter. When the liquid phase absorbing agent regenerating tower is a heater; a cooler is installed between the circulating pump and the liquid phase absorbing agent outlet. The separating film component is a penetrative hydrophobe film component; the separating film is ceramic film, zeolite film or hollow fiber film; the film support frame is made from porous stainless steel or ceramic material. The film separator is a tubular film separator or platy film separator. The platy separating film component of the platy film separator is platy, corrugated or convex irregular shape. The film separating device is a single stage or multi-stage film separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The active sludge is obtained via acclimation of aerobic sludge from ponds of city sewage treatment plants, and the water for acclimation is mixed chemical wastewater stored in sewage reservoir. The process of one operational cycle of sewage treatment comprises filling sewage in first reaction region, and carrying out continuous aeration in the first reaction region; then pumping water into the first reaction region via a water pump, the overflow water entering the second reaction region to fill it in 1 hour; starting to perform aeration for 3-6 hours in the second reaction region after 5.0 hours after the overflow water enters the second reaction region, the intermittence time being equal to the aeration time, and draining the supernatant via an outlet valve 1 hour before the end intermittence, where the draining time is 0.5 hours. Part of the sewage flows back to the first reaction region from the bottom of the second reaction region continuously, and the backflow volume in each hour is 10-30% of the effective volume of the first reaction region.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding a trace element solution comprising boric acid (500 mg), zinc chloride (500 mg), ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (500 mg), nickel chloride hexahydrate (500 mg), aluminum chloride hexahydrate (500 mg), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (500 mg), copper sulfate pentahydrate (500 mg), sodium selenate (1000 mg), ferric chloride hexahydrate (1500 mg), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (5000 mg), and hydrochloride acid (5 ml) having a concentration of 37%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The low carbon alcohol is methanol and ethanol. Preferred Condition: The reaction is conducted at 50-63 degrees C for 1-3 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hypha and fungus dreg are generated in production processes of penicillin, streptomycin, terramycin, tetracycline, lincomycin, gentamicin and kanamycin. The dried hypha or/and fungus dreg are mixed with boiler fuel coal to prepare boiler biomass fuel. The hypha and/or fungus dreg with water content of less than or equal to 65 wt.% are mixed with boiler fuel coal to prepare boiler biomass fuel, where the amount of boiler fuel coal makes the water content of boiler biomass fuel to less than or equal to 25 wt.%. The total consumption of input amount in boiler and the boiler fuel is less than or equal to 10-30 wt.%. Preferred Composition: The boiler biomass fuel comprises 0-80 (preferably less than or equal to 80)% of boiler fuel coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves passing the petroleum fluid through the bed of catalyst material at less than or equal to 500 (preferably 400) degrees C. Preferred Components: The particulates have a surface area of at least 25 m2/gm. Preferred Definitions:    M2=cerium or gadolinium.    EXAMPLE - A cylindrical multi-stage reactor, in which cracking, desulfurization, and hydrogen reforming take place internal diameter was packed in stage 1 with samarium cerium oxide (cracking stage) (0.2 kg), in stage 2 with cerium oxide (desulfurization/guard bed) (0.5 kg), in stage 3 with copper cerium oxide (reforming catalyst) (2 kg), and in a stage 4 with cerium oxide (final desulfurization) (0.5 kg). The reactor, as measured at the top of stage 3 was brought to 500 degrees C. Into the reactor was introduced atomized jet fuel (0.1 kg) and water (0.54 kg) over a time period of 1 hour. Hydrogen (6 g) was recovered, representing an efficiency of 35%. Sulfur content in the starting jet fuel was 300-1000 ppm and was reduced to less than 1 ppm H2S on the reformer exhaust, while carbon monoxide (CO) content was typically 1000-5000 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Species: The remediation agent is Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Zymomonas, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and/or Escherichia coli.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The production of fuel involves mixing fuel product with additive consisting of viscosity modifiers, naphtha, lubricants, diesel, Jet A(RTM: not defined), or oxygenates; transesterifying fuel product; and obtaining effluent stream from a municipal grease trap. EXAMPLE - A 2500 gallon sample load of waste vegetable oil was initially sampled and found to contain particulate, sludge and water contamination of 22%, 4%, and 11% respectively, by volume. The sample load was air blended (sparger) within 3500 gallon tank for 30 minutes prior to taking of samples. The sample load was processed through initial 0.250 sieve screen, approximately 25% of total 26% solids by vol. were removed by the initial screen. The material was then heated to 140 degrees F. The material was then allowed to settle in a 2500 gallon high density polyethylene tank for 3 hours for decanting preparation. Excess water was then drained from the bottom of the tank. Nearly all of the 11% by volume of water was extracted at that point. Two pounds of facultative anaerobes and aerobic bacteria, nutrient and enzymes, was introduced into the tank at temperature. The bacteria and enzyme solution, which is typically engineered to eliminate all particulates including fats and oils, was monitored every 4 hours by taking a hand sample of 250 ml from the tank at the bottom. The remaining material, approximately 1550 gallons a fuel, was burned in a 25 Kilowatt reciprocating diesel laboratory generator for approximately 705 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active metal salt is metal sulfate, hydrochloride or acetate. The carrier is selected from ammonia solution, caustic soda, sodium carbonate, hydrazine, alumina, composite zeolite, natural zeolite, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, sodium aluminate, zirconia, titania, talcum, silica, inorganic oxide compound and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metals: The metal is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is selected from citric acid, urea or activated charcoal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler includes silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide. One or more emissivity agents includes silicon hexaboride, boron carbide, silicon tetraboride, silicon carbide, molybdenum disilicide, tungsten disilicide, zirconium diboride, cupric chromite, metallic oxides, iron oxide and/or boron silicide. The stabilizer is bentonite, kaolin, magnesium alumina silica clay, tabular alumina, and stabilized zirconium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The crude propane and/or crude propylene contain a polymerization inhibitor. Preferred Property: The extraction amount from distilling column of fraction (2) is measured by: W=Fx C/100x A (A is 1.01-1.5, C is concentration (in mass%) of 4C hydrocarbon in crude compound, W is extracting amount (in kg/hour), and F is feed rate (in kg/hour) of crude propane and/or propylene). Preferred Apparatus: The purification apparatus further has a separation tank for extracting fraction (4) and connected to evaporator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agents: The chelating agent is chosen from polyamino-polycarboxylic acids or their salts, and carboxylic acids or their salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts, lithium salts, or ammonium salts and their mixtures. The stabilizing agent is chosen from alkaline metal phosphates such as sodium phosphates, potassium phosphates, lithium phosphates, monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), dibasic potassium phosphate (K2HPO4), sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10) sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), sodium metaphosphate (NaPO3)n, where n is greater than 2, preferably 3 or 4, or their mixtures, preferably monobasic potassium phosphate. Preferred Peroxide: The peroxide is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate or their mixtures, preferably hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polyamino-polycarboxylic acids or their salts are chosen from nitrilotriacetic acid, EDTA, disodium salt of EDTA (Na2-EDTA), trisodium salt of EDTA (Na3-EDTA), tetrasodium salt of EDTA (Na4-EDTA), ammonium salt of EDTA (NH4-EDTA), ethylene glycol-bis(aminoethylether)tetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, trisodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, pentasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, triethylene tetraaminehexaacetic acid, ethylene diamine-bis(o-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, N-hydroxyethylEDTA, trisodium salt of N-hydroxyethyl EDTA and their mixtures, preferably disodium salt of EDTA. The carboxylic acids or their salts are chosen from sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, lithium oxalate, citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid, sodium malonate, phytic acid, sodium phytate or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle diameter of the Ru nanoparticle is 4 nm, and mass percent of platinum is 25%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The synthetic fuel replacing gasoline and diesel oil comprises 30% of benzene, tar, solvent oil or mixture, 50% of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol extracted from agricultural and forest waste or mixture, 10% of normal butanol, isopropanol, ditertiary butyl-p-hydroxytoluene or mixture, 10% of bis(cyclopentadienyl) iron, kerosene, solvent oil, mineral oil, lubricating oil, vegetable oil or mixture. The synthetic fuel replacing gasoline and diesel oil comprises 50% of methanol, ethanol or mixture, 20% of solvent oil or mixture, 3% of butyl-p-hydroxytoluene, 2% of bis(cyclopentadienyl) iron and 25% of benzene, normal butanol and mixture. The synthetic fuel replacing gasoline and diesel oil comprises 80% of tar, solvent oil or mixture, 10% of ditertiary butyl-p-hydroxytoluene, kerosene or mixture, 10% of lubricating oil, vegetable oil, bis(cyclopentadienyl) iron and mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the cellulose material is obtained by basification of paper manufacturing industry, and cellulose content is 65%. Preferably, the cellulose material is obtained by means of liquefaction process, and cellulose content is 61%. The acid producing bacterial solution of Klebsiella is replaced by the bacterial solution of Bacillus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lipase, or preferably 98% hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises recycling the low-carbon alcohol aqueous phase whose main component is low-carbon alcohol and catalyst after being dried by solid drying agent; and directly using algae slurry after filtering to carry out anaerobic fermenting to prepare biological gas. Preferred Parameter: The ester exchange reaction condition comprises temperature of 50-100, preferably 70 degrees C and reaction time of 1-10, preferably 8 hours, where mass ratio of concentrated hydrochloric acid to algae powder is 2:1-1:8, preferably 1:1-1:2, and mass of 98% concentrated hydrochloric acid is 5-20, preferably 10 mass%, based on the mass of methanol. Distilling is carried out at normal temperature and at more than 69 degrees C. Preferred Component: The microalgae are fresh-water microalgae or sea-water microalgae containing high oil content such as Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Rhodophyta. They are Chlorococcum sp. or Nannochloropsis oculata. The organic solvent is chloroform and/or preferably n-hexane. The low-carbon alcohol is ethanol and/or preferably methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the pre-decomposing tank, the stacking thickness for materials is 50-1000. The pre-decomposing process comprises extracting the materials with water or marsh liquid to accelerate the pre-decomposition of the materials; adding substance into the water or marsh liquid for extracting the materials to regulate the alkalinity and C/N ratio and further adding microorganism colony to accelerate the pre-decomposition of the materials; and circulating extracting the materials with marsh liquid or water for several times. The heat from the material decomposition in the pre-decomposing tank is used for keeping warm and heating up the fermenting tank. The method also comprises converting the pre-decomposing tank around the fermenting tank or conducting the heat from the pre-decomposing tank to the fermenting tank with liquid heat conductive medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The extracting solution comprises (mol/L) nickel salt (0.05-1), iron salt (0.05-1), and organic solvent solution of acetylacetone (0.2-2). The nickel salt is nickel nitrate. The iron salt is ferric nitrate or ferric sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Material: The conductive glass is indium tin oxide or fluorine tin oxide. The sputtering layer is semiconductor optical catalysis material comprising titanium dioxide (TiO2), tungsten oxide, tantalum oxynitride, ferric oxide, strontium-titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, cadmium sulfide, carbon-doped TiO2, nitrogen-doped TiO2 or sulfur-doped TiO2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is anhydrous ethanol or anhydrous methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The absorbent A is molecular screen, alumna gel or silica gel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pre-treatment of coke-oven gas employs regenerative absorbent from process waste gas, and/or vapor. The depressurizing of methane-enriched gas comprises controlling removal rate of carbon dioxide at 50-80%. The deacidification is done in the presence of monoethanolamine, methyl diethanolamine, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether and/or hot potassium carbonate; and employs an absorbent A and a refrigerant. The generation of methanol comprises controlling ratio of hydrogen gas-carbon dioxide/mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at 2.05-2.1, pressure at 5-11 MPa, temperature at 220-290 degrees C and air speed of 8000-30000/hour. Preferred Component: The refrigerant is nitrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene and/or pentane, preferably nitrogen and/or methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The synergist comprises (wt.%) plant steroids (5-40) and solvent (60-95). Preferred Components: The weedicide drug is triazine, dinitroaniline, sulfamide, diphenyl ether, dinitro benzene, cycloketene, substituted urea, nitrile, naphthyridine, bipyridyl, ketone, pyridine salicylic acid, aryloxypropyl chlorobenzoate, carbamate, phenylformic acid, phenoxy carboxylic acid, organic phosphor or phthalimide. ACTIVITY - Herbicide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The obtained water agent comprises 1-3% of Albizia julibrissin extract and distilled water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extracting step lasts 6 times. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The fermentation culture medium contains 20 parts starch sugar, 3 parts (NH4)2SO4, 5 parts K2HPO4, 0.6 parts MgSO4, 0.8 parts CaCl2, 0.8 parts corn pulp and 1000 parts water. Fermentation water is clean water or ultrafiltrated permeate liquid obtained by using ultrafiltration membrane to filter the fermentation solution or filtrate obtained by using nano-filtration membrane to filter the ultrafiltrated permeate liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carboxylic acid is hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 4-methylhexanoic acid, 2-methylheptanoic acid, 4-methylheptanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 4-ethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 2-ethyl-4-methylhexanoic acid, 4-ethyl-2-methylhexanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylheptanoic acid, 2-ethylheptanoic acid, 4-ethylheptanoic acid, decanoic acid, 2,4-diethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-4-methylheptanoic acid, undecanoic acid, 2,4-diethylheptanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, or tridecanoic acid. The composition further comprises lactone of formula (II). The lactone is delta -valerolactone, 6-membered lactone, 8-membered lactone, 10-membered lactone, 12-membered lactone, 14-membered lactone of formula (VII). Preferred Method: The method further comprises isolating carboxylic acid from host cell and/or culture medium; and reacting isolated carboxylic acid with alcohol to produce an ester.R, R4=H or -CH3;R5, R6=H, -CH3, or -CH2CH3;andm=1, 3, 5, 7 or 9.With the proviso that when m is 1 then R5 and R6 are each independently H, -CH3, or CH2CH3, and when m is 3, 5, 7 or 9 then R4 is H or -CH3, R5 and R6 are each H. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microorganism inoculated on the filter is biologically deodorizing microorganism. It transforms hydrogen sulfide to sulfur or sulfuric acid by oxidation thiophilic bacteria group or special single strain. Degradable hydrogen sulfide strain comprises Thiobacillus thiooxidans PT81, Fungus MF11, Fungus SF1, Thiobacillus intermedius 031, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus thioparus, Xanthomonas sp. DY44 and Hyphomicrobium sp. 155.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Methane gas is generated during the anaerobic organism reaction process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The coal tar and caustic soda are mixed in weight ratio of 1:2-3, and preheated at 250-300 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The population of MEAPAOs regenerates at a rate of more than 1015 base pair replications per second. The population of MEAPAOs simultaneously nitrifies and denitrifies organic waste. The dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained at less than 0.1 mg/l throughout the cell, tank, pond or unit. Preferred Components: The MEAPAOs comprises populations of facultative heterotrophic fermentors, autotrophic nitrifiers, heterotrophic facultative denitrifiers, heterotrophic phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs), heterotrophic MEAPAOs and autotrophic ammonium denitrifiers. The cell, tank, pond or unit comprises concentrations of oxygen below 0.1 mg/l, and nitrate concentrations below 0.5 mg/l. The population of MEAPAOs further comprises an energy source for the denitrification of nitrite or nitrate by facultative heterotrophic denitrifiers. The cell, tank, pond or unit contains at least 1017 biological microorganisms with a doubling time of less than or equal to 10 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The at least one nutrient is phosphorus or nitrogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The copolymer is further reacted with an amine or an alcohol. The process further comprises centrifuging a mixture of the biofuel or biofuel intermediate and a clarifier. The biofuel or biofuel intermediate is mixed with a conventional hydrocarbon. The copolymer is prepared using a free radical catalyst. Preferred Components: The alpha olefin has 2-60 (preferably 8-24) C atoms. The formulation ratio of maleic anhydride to alpha olefin is 1:2-2:1 (preferably 1:1). The copolymers have a molecular weight (Mn) of 3000-100000 (preferably 5000-15000). The formulation additionally comprises minor amounts of other polymerizable materials. The biofuel further comprises a conventional hydrocarbon. EXAMPLE - A sample of a biodiesel prepared from canola oil which was yellow and very hazy, was treated with varying concentrations of 0-500 ppm BIO 9975 (RTM: Copolymer of maleic anhydride, 20-24C alpha olefin, and 30 or more C alpha olefin) which was prepared using a di-tert-butyl peroxide catalyst and then esterified using 1-octadecanol and behenyl alcohols. The samples were treated and left undisturbed for 24 hours. The samples were then evaluated by placing the sample in front of a white background including a black line. The evaluation results showed that the sample treated with 500 ppm of BIO 9975 (RTM: Copolymer of maleic anhydride, 20-24C alpha olefin, and 30 or more C alpha olefin) was clear and had clear phase separation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen producing materials are pellet form active aluminum microparticles or other metal hydrides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second film is ethylene vinyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first film of water vapor permeable film is polyvinyl alcohol.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Matrix of constructed wetland is selected from sand-soil mixtures, gravels, zeolites, lime stones, coal slag, steel slag, blast furnace slag, ceramic particles, melon seed-shaped shells, and/or cobbles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Plants in constructed wetland are selected from reed, Canna indica, cattail, rush, bamboo reed, and vetiver grass. Mussels can be cultivated in the constructed wetland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Matrix of constructed wetland is selected from sand-soil mixtures, gravels, zeolites, lime stones, coal slag, steel slag, blast furnace slag, ceramic particles, melon seed-shaped shells, and/or cobbles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Plants provided in constructed wetland are selected from reed, Canna indica, cattail, rush, bamboo reed, and/or vetiver grass. Mussels can be cultivated in the constructed wetland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Matrix of constructed wetland is selected from sand-soil mixtures, gravels, zeolites, lime stones, coal slag, steel slag, blast furnace slag, ceramic particles, melon seed-shaped sheets, and/or cobbles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Plants in constructed wetland are selected from reed, Canna indica, cattail, rush, bamboo reed, and/or vetiver grass. Mussels can be cultivated in the constructed wetland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Matrix of the constructed wetland is selected from sand-soil mixtures, gravels, zeolites, lime stones, coal slag, steel slag, blast furnace slag, ceramic particles, melon seed-shaped shells, and/or cobbles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Mussels can be cultivated in the constructed wetland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base material of artificial wetland is sandy clay mixed material, crushed stone, zeolite, limestone, coal slag, steel slag, blast furnace slag, crushed stone, porcelain granule, melon seeds chip.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The artificial wetland comprise sand-soil mixture, gravel, zeolite, limestone, slack, steel slag, high furnace slag, ceramic particles, melon seed shells, and scree, where mussels can be cultivated in the artificial wetland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base material of artificial wetland is sand-soil mixture, crushed stone, zeolite, limestone, slack, steel slag, blast furnace slag, porcelain granule, melon-seed sheet and cobble, where mussels are cultivated in the artificial wetland.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base materials of artificial wetland comprise sand-soil mixture, gravel, zeolite, limestone, slack, steel slag, high furnace slag, ceramic particles, melon seed shells, and scree.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The matrix of artificial wetland is sand-soil mixture, crushed stone, zeolite, limestone, slack, steel slag, blast furnace slag, porcelain granule, melon-seed sheet and cobble.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The water is electrically conductive and contains an electrolyte. The water is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of less than 300 (less than 200, especially 3-30) MHz; with photons having an energy of less than or equal to 10-6 (preferably less than or equal to 10-7, especially less than or equal to 10-8) eV. Preferred Components: The electrolyte is an ionizable salt, or a dispersion of electrically conductive particles.
R1=1-3C alkyl or Na+;and    R2=1-9C alkyl, preferably 1-3C alkyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 10 Specific hydroxy fatty acid derivatives such as methyl 3-hydroxyl butyrate, ethyl 3-hydroxyl butyrate, methyl 4-hydroxyl butyrate, methyl 3-hydroxyl valerate and sodium 3-hydroxyl butyrate are claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The biodiesel product is continuously contacted in the centrifugal reactor/separator with an aqueous wash solution and a less dense phase comprising a washed biodiesel product is continuously separated from a more dense phase comprising the aqueous wash solution and byproducts. The contacting and separating steps are conducted at 1-10 atm. The reactor/separator is operated with a rotational speed of 600-10000 rpm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: Product and byproduct storage vessels are in fluid flow communication with the centrifugal reactor/separator. The residence time-increasing component comprises a cup-shaped cylindrical structure in an annular space between the stationary shell and rotating hollow cylindrical component. The annular space provides residence times of 5 seconds to 10 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The triglyceride-containing component comprises a vegetable oil, preferably soybean oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, canola oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, Chinese tallow tree oil, Physic nut oil, Cuphea seed oil, babassu oil, perilla oil, oiticica oil, castor oil, microalgal oils, uncharacterized triglyceride waste oils, and/or waste fatty acids; or animal fats, preferably beef tallow, lard, fish oils, and/or menhaden oil. The biodiesel product comprises fatty acid esters having 8-22C alkyl chain. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel compound has an average particle size of less than 10 mu m. The inorganic nickel salt is nickel nitrate or nickel hydroxide. The size of the particle is maintained by grinding a suspension of nickel compound. In the process, in addition to the nickel compound, further compounds are used. The further carrier compounds or their precursors are binders and/or promoters. The promoter is aluminum or a transition metal. The transition metal is tungsten, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, silver, niobium, copper, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, or manganese. The crystal size of nickel oxide is 5 nm to 100 mu m. (I) has a residual carbon content of less than 50%. The nickel oxide material is reduced to metallic nickel. The nickel oxide material in pure form is present as mixed oxide compound or as a nickel compound. EXAMPLE - Nickel hydroxide in the form of basic nickel carbonate was made into a suspension. The average particle size of the solid was 5.4 mu m. The solid content was adjusted in the nickel carbonate/nickel hydroxide suspension to 16%. The suspension was injected with a process temperature of 460 degrees C in the fluidized bed to obtain nickel oxide material with a carbon content of 0.2%, preferably below 1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel compound has an average particle size of less than 10 mu m. The inorganic nickel salt is nickel nitrate or nickel hydroxide. The size of the particle is maintained by grinding a suspension of nickel compound. In the process, in addition to the nickel compound, further compounds are used. The further carrier compounds or their precursors are binders and/or promoters. The promoter is aluminum or a transition metal. The transition metal is tungsten, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, silver, niobium, copper, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, or manganese. The crystal size of nickel oxide is 5 nm to 100 mu m. (I) has a residual carbon content of less than 50%. The nickel oxide material is reduced to metallic nickel. The nickel oxide material in pure form is present as mixed oxide compound or as a nickel compound. EXAMPLE - Nickel hydroxide in the form of basic nickel carbonate was made into a suspension. The average particle size of the solid was 5.4 mu m. The solid content was adjusted in the nickel carbonate/nickel hydroxide suspension to 16%. The suspension was injected with a process temperature of 460 degrees C in the fluidized bed to obtain nickel oxide material with a carbon content of 0.2%, preferably below 1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical hydride consists of magnesium hydride, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, calcium hydride and sodium hydride. The moisture removing layer comprises ruthenium and carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The BOD5 of the aerobic section is controlled below 80 mg/L. Screen plates or porous plates are mounted between the upper and lower sections of every tower. The axial wires of the fiber fillers are equipped with prism-shaped hydrophilic soft fillers and elastic fillers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The gasoline means that its distillation range is in the range of 22-195 degrees C, and sulfur content is 51-485 ppm. The mixture of lower alcohol, the content of methanol counted by volume is 66-99.5%, and ethanol counted by volume is 0.5-34%. The nitrocompound comprises alkyl nitrate or nitryl aromatic hydrocarbons compound. The auxiliary solvent comprises one or mixture of several of propanol, butanol, pentanol, octanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, tert amyl methyl ether or dimethoxymethane. The gasoline cleaning agent is cleaning agent of polyisobutylene amine, polyisobutene Mannich amine or polyetheramine. The antioxidant is phenol-like type or amine type compound. The antirusting agent is alkyl alkenyl butane diacid or alkyl alkenyl butanedioic anhydride compound.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solid waste has moisture content of 58-62 mass%. The composting conditioner comprises rice hull and glucose at volume ratio of 100-200:1; floatstone and glucose at volume ratio of 100-200:1; wood fur, glucose and floatstone at volume ratio of 100-200:1:100-200; rice hull, wood fur, glucose and floatstone at rice hull-to-glucose volume ratio of 100-200:1, rice hull-to-floatstone volume ratio of 1:2 and rice hull-to-wood fur volume ratio of 1:1; peanut shell, glucose, floatstone, rice bran and tree bark at volume ratio of 100-200:1:100-200:100-200:100-200; or peanut shell, rice bran, wood fur, glucose, floatstone and tree bark at peanut shell-and-floatstone-to-rice bran volume ratio of 1:0.5, peanut shell-to-wood fur volume ratio of 1:0.5, peanut shell-to-glucose volume ratio of 100-200:1, peanut shell-to-floatstone volume ratio of 1:1, and peanut shell-to-tree bark volume ratio of 1:2. Preferred Amount: The ventilation amount is 1-1.8 m3 air/(m3 pile/h).
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor catalyzers comprise titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vegetal inputs include sugar cane, beet root and other tubercles and roots, maize and cereals, cellulose, and other materials containing carbohydrates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surface activating agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium oleate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, Tween 80(RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), or castor oil polyoxyethylene ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate. The nonionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, Tween 80(RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), or castor oil polyoxyethylene ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The BFC reactor produces hydrogen or carries out power generation conversion for processing organic biological contaminants using proton formed microorganism or enzyme. The BFC reactor monitors hydrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas production quantity in operation of biological cell system from starting to stabilizing phase. Preferred Component: The organic solid fermenting strain is yeast source microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biological culture medium of proton formed microorganism or enzyme comprises (g/L) chemical oxygen demand (6-25), urea (0.5-1), phosphate (0.1-0.2), and growth factor substance including magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, ferric chloride, nickel sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium borate monohydrate, ammonium heptamolybdate, zinc chloride, copper chloride dihydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, and manganese chloride tetrahydrate at ratio of 56:9:6:9:1:3:4:4:2:5. Preferred Component: The electrode for hydrogen production/power generation conversion process comprises plasma porous rare earth modified graphite cathode and anode, or carbon fiber fabric which is sputtered to modified cathode and anode of doped platinum bullion or rare earth element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel cell plug is made of material selected from the group consisting of plastic, nylon, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, thermoplastic, acrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyester and polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is ethylene glycol glucoside stearate, methyl glucoside sesquistearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, styrenyl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether, styrenated phenol-formaldehyde-ethylene glycol copolymer, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether, styrenated phenol-formaldehyde resin/polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymer or styrenated phenol-formaldehyde resin/epoxy ethane/propylene oxide block copolymer. The stabilizing agent is epoxy chloropropane, propylene glycol, epoxidized soybean oil, phenyl glycidyl ether or n-butyl glycidyl ether. The cosolvent is toluene, dimethylbenzene, methanol, n-amyl alcohol or n-octyl alcohol. The thickening agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum or aluminum magnesium silicate. The anti-freezing agent is propylene glycol, propanetriol, isopropanol, urea, ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The concentration of hydrogen in exhaust gas discharged from fuel cell stack, is 16-20%. Preferred Condition: The de-sulfurizer is maintained at temperature of 350-400 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Hydrogen peroxide is also used in the food waste processing process. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Equipment: The dewatering unit has mechanical separator, chemical separator and thermal separator. The solid fuel forming device further contains mixing unit (24) for combining dewatered brown grease and combustible material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The fuel further contains combustible material. The sewage sludge is contacted with fuel using steam paddle dryer. The sewage sludge is dewatered to obtain 90% of solid. The fertilizer material is Biosolid fertilizer (class A). Preferred Process: The method further involves combining ash generator from combusted fuel with fertilizer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The sewage treating subassembly comprises a sewage fermenting device with a sewage inlet, an agitating device for agitating sewage in the sewage fermenting device, and a sewage filtering device connected with the sewage fermenting device through a recycle pipe. The algae culturing subassembly further comprises a culturing liquid producing device connected with the sewage filtering device, and an algae growing device connected with the culturing liquid producing device through a pipe. The algae growing device is further connected with the sewage fermenting device through an air pipe. The algae obtaining subassembly includes an algae collecting device connected with the algae growing device, an algae filtering device connected with the algae collecting device, and an algae extracting device connected with the algae filtering device. The algae filtering device is further connected with the sewage fermenting device by a first return pipe. The algae extracting device is further connected with the sewage inlet of the sewage fermenting device through a second return pipe. The system further comprises outlet which is opened on the sewage fermenting device and connected with an excessive sewage treating device. The system further comprises ventilating valve connected with atmosphere which is separately installed on the sewage fermenting device, the culturing liquid producing device, the algae growing device and the algae collecting device. The system further comprises water pump which is mounted on a pipe between the culturing liquid producing device and the algae growing device. The air pipe is provided with an air pump. The aperture of a piece of filter film on the sewage filtering device is 0.45-2.0 mu , aperture of a piece of filter film on the sewage treating device is 0.45 mu , and diameter of a piece of filter film on the algae filtering device is 1.8 mu .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method of facilitating digestion of untreated organic material further comprises detoxifying the organic material prior to blending the capture solution with the organic material comprising subjecting the organic material to a third population of microbes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The iron anode further comprises another metal from carbon, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, copper, cobalt, zinc, titanium or boron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrodistillation of the essential oil is carried out using steam for 5-8 hours. ACTIVITY - Hypotensive.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The opening of the sliding door for feeding chamber and the activation of the cutter are only possible by the operation of a knob attached with the sliding door. The oxygen exchange is electronically regulated by a ventilator and integrated sensors. The dampness of the composted material and the amount of percolating water on the composted material are regulated with the help of a water tank equipped with filters and integrated sensors. The heating modules keep the rotting temperature at 65 degrees C to ensure a fast reaction. The pH-value, oxygen and water content and nitrogen/carbon ratio of the composted material in the respective chambers of the sensors are monitored and a digital status indicator is read to keep the constant environmental conditions for metabolizing. The device is equipped with a warning light, which is electronically activated if the filter is exchanged or the lime is added for the manual pH adjustment. The temperature in the composted chambers is measured continuously using a thermometer and is maintained constantly at 65 degrees C by a regulator circuit. The remaining time for the withdrawal of the end products is determined by sensors and the sensors are further provided with the digital indicator. Preferred Process: The composting material after a sufficient decomposition by opening the sliding door is put into a further chamber. The composted material can be taken out from a collection tray.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel cell comprises a stack of individual cells that exhibit a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and membrane-electrolyte-arrangement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methane is methane gas or a mixed gas containing a large amount of methane. The mixed gas can be a natural gas, or is a gas mixture of methane and oxygen or a gas mixture of methane and air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The microorganisms are capable of maintaining the microorganisms stably in activated sludge. The microorganisms are biopolymer producing microorganisms or polycyclic aromatic decomposer microorganisms. The biopolymer producing microorganism is Rhodococcus erythropolis KR-S-1 (FERM P-3530). The polycyclic aromatic decomposer microorganism is Pseudomonas paucimobilis 421Y (FERM BP-5122). The microorganisms are chosen from Pseudomonas genus, Aeromonas genus, Acinetobacter genus, Flavobacterium genus, Rheinheimera genus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CWT-4 (FERM P-15162). Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme is protease, amylase, lipase, peptidase, glucanase, lysozyme or cellulase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The process comprise adding 0.4-40, preferably 4 parts of the sugar per 1000 parts of the charcoal, in the mixing step; and 0.1-10 parts, preferably 1 part of the phosphoric acid per 1000 parts of the charcoal, in the mixing step. The mixture obtained in the mixing step is left to macerate at least 30 days for maintaining the mixture at constant humidity and at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C. The mixture obtained in the mixing step has a humidity rate of 40%. The process comprises leaving the obtained mixture for at least 30 days while maintaining a constant humidity and at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C, to macerate the terra preta obtained in the adding step. The humidity is about 40% in the terra preta obtained in the mixing step.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The peat or compost (50 volumes) is added to the mixture obtained in the mixing step. The sugar is hexose, preferably glucose. EXAMPLE - Phosphoric acid (1 g/kg of charcoal) and sugar (4 g/kg of charcoal) were mixed to obtain charcoal having humidity of 40%. Then the mixture was left at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C for 30 days. Then peat or compost (50 l) was mixed to prepare seed of charcoal. The obtained mixture was left at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C to obtain anthropogenic soil such as terra preta.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas carbon source comprises methane, ethane, acetylene, petroleum gas and natural gas. Preferred Condition: The gas partial pressure is kept at lower than bubble point (0.1-6.0 atmospheres).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The membrane is breathing compact membrane, microporous membrane or breathing textile. The breathing compact membrane is silicone rubber membrane. The microporous membrane is hydrophobic polymer membrane or ceramic membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Parameter: The concentration of microorganism in domestic wastewater nitrifying tank is 2-4 g/L. The concentration of microorganism carried by pretreated shell immersed in nitrifying tank of city wastewater is 5-30 g/kg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: Submarine flow pushing aerating machine with a power of 1.0-1.5 kW is provided per kilometer of water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid solution is acetic acid or sulfuric acid. The carrier comprises calcium carbonate and calcium acetate or calcium sulfate as a main component. It is porous and thin. Preferred Parameter: The natural shells are immersed in acid solution for 1-3 hours. The thickness of the carrier of benthonic microorganism laid on substrate sludge layer is 1-3 cm. The distance between the aeration system and carrier of benthonic microorganism is 20 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is fungus comprising local raw soil flora formed by collecting local soil and culturing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw materials comprise (wt.%) main raw materials including straw powder (40-45), rice bran (35-40) and dregs of beans (15-25); and additives including carbon powder (3-5), bone meal (2-5) and local farmland raw soil (10-15). Preferred Method: Addition of microorganism further includes adding indigenous flora (3-5%, based on total amount of raw materials), and mixing with water until the mixture can form block as pressing by hand and the mixture disperses as loosing by the hand. Composting includes piling the mixture of raw materials and fungus to form ground strip-shaped stack with a height of 30-50 cm, covering with moisture grass curtain, overturning the piled mixture once or twice, and maintaining at less than 60 degrees C. The temperature of pile that is fermented for 7-10 days is inspected by eyes or hand if it reaches common air temperature. The fermented material is qualified when the loose block is covered with hypha and the block can be broken by lightly gripping. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Inhibitor: The extract is extracted by subcritical extraction. The plant growth inhibitor comprises (in %) Solidago extract (35-45), Cryptomeria japonica leaf extract (25-35), and Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf extract (25-35). The plant growth inhibitor further contains brine. ACTIVITY - Herbicide; Plant protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The refined glycerin and crude biodiesel fuel are mixed in the volume ratio of 0.01-2 to improve the purity of fatty acid ester. Preferred Process: An alkaline crude glycerin or marketed glycerin is added with inorganic acid or organic acid such that the pH is 7 or less. The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The organic acid is acetic acid and formic acid. The refined glycerin is obtained by separating and recovering the crude glycerin by gravity settling method, subjecting to adsorption by adsorption agent and/or extracting by organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The particle size reduction is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere or in an inert gas atmosphere. Preferred Components: The nitride includes ammonia, hydrazine, pyridazine, pyrrole, imidazole and/or pyridine. EXAMPLE - A vessel containing a pyridine solution was placed in an inert atmosphere (99.99% of argon), and a nitrification treatment of immersing a lithium hydride powder in the pyridine solution for 120 minutes was performed. After that, the lithium hydride powder subjected to the nitrification treatment was separated from the pyridine solution, and a drying treatment of drying the lithium hydride powder for 180 minutes in a vacuum (0.1333 Pa) was performed. After that, the lithium hydride powder having undergone the drying treatment was put into a ball mill device, and the particle size reduction process was performed for 15 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 MPa, room temperature). Thus, a lithium hydride powder was fabricated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth-metal in the rare-earth-metal salt crystal is yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and/or neodymium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The glycerin gas and the catalyst are contacted during dehydration reaction of glycerin, which is carried out in the gaseous-phase. An alkaline compound is mixed with the aqueous solution of water-soluble rare-earth-metal salt to obtain the hydroxide of rare-earth-metal and/or dehydration product of hydroxide. Preferred Component: The water-soluble rare-earth-metal salt is nitrate, carbonate, chloride salt, and/or organic acid salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The acrolein derivative is a water absorbing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The organic wastewater degrading bacteria is dominant degrading bacteria obtained by domesticating and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises tea-seed cake (3.5 wt.%) having 56% water content, and barnyard manure (5 wt.%) having 56% water content.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microbial inoculum is Azotobacteria and cellulose decomposition bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The supplementary material is powder of tea-seed cake. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The stacking and fermentation step comprises removing water, increasing air content, accelerating fermentation of mixture, and removing odor. The fermentation comprising heating the mixture to 45-55 degrees C for 2-3 days, further fermenting for 7-9 days, cooling to room temperature, and fermenting and slaking for 15-30 days. Preferred Material: The additive comprises (wt.%) straw powder (40-60), phosphorite powder (15-30), heavy metal passivation agent (15-30), and microbial inoculum (5-10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial inoculum comprises fungi (preferably Trichoderma koningii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Candida krusei, Trichosporon aquatile, Saccharomyces kluyveri, Geotrichum candidum, or Rhizopus), bacteria (preferably Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria or brown Azotobacter), actinomycetes (preferably thermophilic actinomycete), yeast and molds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The passivation agent is coal ash, phosphorite, zeolite, grass carbon, quicklime or perlite. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The fish meal is white fish meal or/and red fish meal. Preferred Composition: The feed comprises yeast powder (2 mass%) including beer yeast or food yeast. Preferred Method: The fermenting process is carried out for 2-3 hours at 30 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral substance is inorganic salt of sodium, calcium, magnesium and/or phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vitamin is vitamin E, vitamin C and/or vitamin B.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The B. licheniformis agent is stomach B. licheniformis pill.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel injected diesel engine comprises a direct fuel injected diesel engine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction product is substantially devoid of succinimide dispersants. The reaction product comprises 5,5'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine) compounds of a formula (B1) or its tautomer. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid or anhydride is hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides, hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acids or esters of hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acids. The diesel fuel comprises a fuel for direct fuel injection. The polyisobutylene radical is derived from high reactivity polyisobutenes having at least 60% or more terminal olefinic double bonds. The molar ratio of (i) to (ii) is 1:1-1:2.2. The amine comprises an inorganic salt of guanidine, salt of aminoguanidine or aminoguanidine bicarbonate. The molar ratio of (A) to (C1) is 1:1-2.2:1. Preferred Definitions:    R2 = polyisobutylene radical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Content: The weight ratio of wheat straw, calcium superphosphate to zeolite is 100:7.5:25. The weight ratio of additive to organic fertilizer is 132.5:500. Preferred Component: The organic fertilizer is chicken manure.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The processes of extraction and hydrolysis are carried out at the same time, or the extraction is carried out after hydrolysis. When the processes of extraction and hydrolysis are carried out at the same time, the extractant and the hydrolyte liquid are filled into a hydrolysis vessel or the extractant circulates and flows in and out from the hydrolyte liquid or hydrolysis vessel. Preferred Component: The organic product in the hydrolyte liquid mainly comprises furfural, methylfurfural, or hydroxymethylfurfural. The hydrolyte liquid is an alcohol fermented solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The steam is heated at greater than 3100 degrees C using plasma spraying gun, sprayed to oxidizing area of gas phase circular gasification furnace and reacted with garbage biomass to generate carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen. The carbon dioxide and carbon are reduced into carbon monoxide; and the methane is reacted with steam or carbon dioxide to obtain carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: In the strain above, the secondary discharged water from urban sewage treatment plant is the Gaobeidian urban sewage plant, Beijing. Preferred Method: In the method above, the secondary discharged water from urban sewage treatment plant is the water discharged from the secondary-settling tank at pH value of 6-8 with concentration of ammonium nitrogen and total concentration of phosphorus respectively smaller than 25 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The olefin diesel oil is produced by mixing black oil type base oil with 95% methanol at a mass ratio of 1:0.07-0.27 to obtain a homogeneous and transparent solution; filtering; mixing obtained filtrate with petroleum ether at a mass ratio of 1:0.03-0.22 to obtain a homogeneous and transparent unstratified solution; adding (wt.%) knock suppressing agent (1-3), stabilizer (0.5-2) and alcohol soluble lubricant (2-4); stirring obtained mixture for 15-20 minutes; and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is selected from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Bacillus, Mucor, Absidia, Candida or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which use invertase, cellulase, inulinase, lipase, protease or maltase enzyme present in the microorganism.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the adduct (I) is attached to the surface by a monomer selected from methacrylic acid and 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate. In the method (M2), the adduct (I) is linked to a polymer. Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises the adduct (I) in an amount of 30-100 mu M, where the adduct (I) is covalently attached to the film forming agent. Preferred Surface: In the anti-fouling surface, the release of the compound is a sustained release or at a constant rate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is methacrylic acid or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. ACTIVITY - Antifouling; Molluscicide. Test details described, no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The environment mineral material is diatomite, zeolite, sepiolite, attapulgite, vermiculite and active carbon powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The fertilization comprises fertilizing with (kg in 1/6 of acre) nitrogen fertilizer (10-15), phosphate fertilizer (50) and potash fertilizer (15) for winter season; with nitrogen fertilizer (0-15), phosphate fertilizer (50) and potash fertilizer (15) for green fertilized field during winter; nitrogen fertilizer (0-15), phosphate fertilizer (15-25) and potash fertilizer (15) for green fertilized field during winter; or fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizer (5-15), phosphate fertilizer (25-50) and potash fertilizer (10-15) for rapeseed field and corn field. Preferred Component: The nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium hydrogen carbonate with nitrogen content of 17.1%. The phosphate fertilizer is an ordinary superphosphate or calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer with phosphorus pentoxide content of 12%. The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride with potassium oxide content of 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface accumulated filter materials are modified polypropylene particles or modified polyethylene particles. The inner pore deep absorption type filter materials are micro pore type cross-linked polystyrene absorbing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carrier is further impregnated with copper and/or nickel (0-50 weight%). The copper, zinc and ceria precursor are dissolved together in one reactor. Preferred Components: The copper and zinc are used in the form of their oxide, chloride, nitrate or oxynitride. The ceria is used in the form of its oxynitride. Preferred Properties: The active metal salt aqueous solution has pH of 6.8-7.2 while dipping ceria. The dried catalyst precursor powder has size of 10-20 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fat and oil is chosen from soybean oil, corn oil, colza oil, linseed oil, sunflower oil, poppy oil, walnut oil, peanuts, cottonseed oil, rice oil, Camellia oil, castor oil, olive oil, tallow, lard, mutton, fish tallow, light oil and disposable edible oil. The alcohol is two or more chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. The molar ratio of fat and oils, and alcohol is 1:(3-9). The method further involves addition of catalyst (0.3-2.0 weight%) with respect to fat and oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst metal precursor is chloride, nitride, oxide or halide of platinum, preferably tetrachloroplatinic acid, hexachloroplatinic acid, potassium tetrachloroplatinate, potassium hexachloroplatinate, diamine dinitritoplatinum(II), and/or tetraamine platinum(II) chloride. The reaction promoter metal precursor is chloride, nitride, halide or oxide of metal chosen from cerium, ruthenium, tin, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, iron, vanadium, manganese, cobalt, chrome, nickel, palladium, rhodium and iridium, preferably ammonium hexachloro ruthenate (IV), ammonium-ruthenium complex ((NH4)2(RuCl5H2O)), ruthenium chloride (RuCl3.3H2O), cobalt acetate ((CH3COO)2Co.4H2O), cobaltous chloride (CoCl2.6H2O), cobalt sulfate (CoSO4.7H2O), cobalt(II) fluoride, and cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O). The diol compound is of formula: OHR1OH. A carbon support of fuel cell catalyst has carbon black, Ketchen black, acetylene black, active carbon powder, carbon molecular sieve, and carbon nanotube.R1=2-10C optionally substituted alkyl.Preferred Process: The reducing agent having hydride compound of formula: MBH4 is mixed with diol compound in basic solution for reduction process. The basic solution is sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The pressure reduction process unit has a heat exchange unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Elements: The hydrogen-producing substance contains aluminum, magnesium, silicon, zinc, and/or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The synthetic charcoal is manufactured by pressing wood chip or rice hull with 10% water content using a compacting-shaping machine to form a rod-shaped product with density of 1 g/cm3, putting the product into a temperature-controlled electromagnetic oven to carry out charring, heating furnace to 250 degrees C, heating to 350 degrees C, maintaining temperature for 4 hours, cooling, and taking product out of the furnace to obtain the synthetic charcoal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Metal oxides are iron-nickel-oxygen composite, iron-calcium-oxygen composite, iron oxide, ferric oxide, magnetite, nickel oxide, copper oxide, manganese(II,III) oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, zirconium dioxide and/or spinel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism includes microorganism belonging to the kingdom archaebacteria, fungus, protista and eukaryotic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The separation portion contains semi-permeable membrane, hydrophilic concrete, hydrophilic ceramic, ion charge substance, activated carbon, sand soil, synthetic macromolecule substance and/or polymer substance. The exchange agent is chosen from solid, solid substance, liquid, gas, plasma, elementary particle and food. The gas is chosen from air, oxygen, ammonia gas, hydrogen-sulfide gas, organic gas, ethanol gas, methane gas, active oxygen and ozone. The liquid is chosen from liquid compound containing water has solution and/or colloidal solution, or liquid compound containing water as solvent chosen from cation, anion, inorganic material and organic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The excited active hydrogen containing water contains excited active hydrogen molecule (DH), excited active hydrogen ion (H+), excited active hydrogen atom (H.) and excited hydroxyl radical (OH.).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The atomic ratio of gold to less noble metal(s) in starting alloy is 50:50-10-90. The atomic ratio of gold to silver in starting alloy is 45:55-20:80. The atomic ratio of gold to at least one less noble metal in porous structure is 100:0-95:5. Preferred Method: The starting alloy is held for adequate time at temperature just below the melting point. The formation of gold-containing catalyst involves shaping with which starting alloy is given desired shape; annealing the shaped starting alloy; and activating material obtained after partial dealloying at 40-80 degrees C in an optional presence of carbon monoxide. The shaping process involves pressing, stamping, rolling, bending, boring, hammering, cutting, and milling. The dealloying process involves creation of porous structure through wet-chemical and/or one electrochemical process. Preferred Properties: The pore structure of catalyst after dealloying has diameters of 30-100 nm and surface of 2-8 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electrode plate is 70-100% iron and/or aluminum and 0-30% titanium, where ruthenium and/or tantalum are plated on surface of titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The heat resistant liquefaction enzyme is heat resistant alpha -amylase. The heat resistant saccharogenic amylase is heat resistant glucoamylase. The liquefaction process is performed at 70 degrees C for 1 hour. The saccharification process is performed at 50 degrees C for 1 hour. The rhizome of arrowroot plant is dry rhizome powder. The method further involves reacting product obtained by saccharification process with cellulase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal support body is stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: supplying carbon monoxide comprises producing carbon monoxide thermally from the carbon and oxygen; the supplying of carbon monoxide comprises producing carbon monoxide electrochemically from the carbon and water at a silver-plated anode; and at least one reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst that may include copper and/or cuprous chloride. Preferred Components: The cathode is a copper cathode. The electrolyte comprises cuprous chloride. The anode and the first and second cathodes comprise two facing electrodes, one anode and the other cathode divided into two or more segments by barriers extending to a proton-transferring membrane that isolates cathodic electrolytes and gas additions. The carbon source is in fine, crosslinked chains having a particle size of 2-20 microns in diameter. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the composition, both the vine shoots and the combustible additives are used in the form of particles with the size of 0.1-50 mm. The secondary raw materials of vegetal origin are crop straw and/or colza straw and/or meadow vegetation (preferably crop straw or meadow vegetation). The mixture contains at least one kind of combustible additive (5-15 wt.%). The percentage of vine shoots in the mixture is 30-60 wt.%. The mixture is processed in the form of briquettes or pellets with mass density of 0.4-1.6 g/cm3, where the size of pellets is 0.2-20 (preferably 0.5-6) cm. EXAMPLE - A fuel composition comprising (wt.%) vine shoots (50) and wheat straw (50) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst contains iron, magnesium and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms are Clostridium ragsdalei, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Clostridium ijungdahlii, and/or Clostridium carboxidivorans.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The several of zero-valent metal particles are zero-valent magnesium particles or zero-valent iron particles. The zero-valent metal particles do not include a coating of catalytic noble metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The treatment system (S1) further comprises a second solvent, a thickener and a stabilizer. Preferred Components: The organic hydrogen donating solvent includes an organic compound and water. The organic compound is an alcohol selected from diol, triol, methanol, ethanol, glycerin and/or polyethylene glycol ethers. The second solvent is selected from d-limonene, toluene and/or hexane. The thickener is calcium stearate or starch. The stabilizer is selected from glycerin, mineral oil, vegetable oil and/or polyethylene glycol. The weak acid is an acid with PKa value of greater than 2. The weak acid is selected from glacial acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, carboxylic acid and/or aromatic acids. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves removing polychlorinated biphenyls from the contaminated natural media or from the ex-situ structure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbon dioxide is captured from flue or off-gases of coal or other fossil fuel burning plants, geothermal power facilities, cement, aluminum or other industrial plants or factories, industrial or agricultural wastes or byproducts of natural gas production. The carbon dioxide is captured and removed from the air or atmosphere. The available carbon dioxide source is the atmosphere and the carbon dioxide is obtained by absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide onto a suitable adsorbent followed by treating or heating the adsorbent to release the adsorbed carbon dioxide. The carbon containing compounds are carbon containing fuels or synthetic hydrocarbons. The captured carbon dioxide is chemically converted into methanol by hydrogenative reductive processes. The method further involves dehydrating the methanol that is produced under conditions sufficient to produce dimethyl ether; converting the methanol or dimethyl ether in the presence of an acidic-basic or zeolitic catalysts to form ethylene or propylene; or converting the ethylene or propylene either to higher olefins, synthetic hydrocarbons or aromatics, or their products for use as feedstocks for chemicals or as transportation fuels; hydrating the ethylene or propylene to form ethanol, propanol or isopropanol; and forming dimethyl carbonate by reaction of the methanol with phosgene or by oxidative carbonylation of the methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The obtained mechanical output is converted to electrical output. The obtained electrical and/or the obtained mechanical output are used at least partially for compressing the biogas or for supplying to external loads, preferably the obtained electrical output is supplied at least partly to an external electrical circuit. The drive shaft of the compressor is in mechanical functional connection with the expansion device and so that the compressor is operated at least partially by the obtained mechanical output. The expansion device is in mechanical functional connection with at least one of the processing device of external load and this is at least partially operated with the obtained mechanical output. The expansion device is in mechanical functional connection with at least a generator for producing electrical output. The driving of the compressor is in electrical connection with the generator and so that the compressor is operated at least partially by the obtained electrical output. The generator is in electrical connection with an external functional connection and in which the obtained electrical output is at least partially supplied. The expansion device comprises an expansion turbine or an expansion motor (5). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves introducing different auxotrophy gene marker to the yeast cell. The different auxotrophic gene marker is uracil requirement property. Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme is chosen from beta -glucosidase, endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydroxide is alternately, synthesized from hydrogen peroxide in the reaction zone by subjecting to compression-relaxation. The impregnation is performed by blowing hydroxyl and oxygen through the plant material as gas in aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The material of carrier is ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ultra-filtration membrane comprises carrier and membrane layer. The material of membrane layer is aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidulated oil is cotton seed oil, soy bean acidulated oil, rape seed acidulated oil, palm acidulated oil, sunflower acidulated oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nucleic acid is yeast RNA, yeast extract or yeast meal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is chitosan and/or chitin. The organic acid is formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid and/or phenylformic acid. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of chitosan, chitin, organic acid and nucleic acid is 2.5-15:0-5:1000-3000:1. Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of chitosan is 50000-500000 (preferably 100000-300000) Da.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing petroleum ether, 90% ethanol and 95% methanol according to weight proportion of 1:0.5-0.7:0.5-0.7 in a sealed mixer at low stirring speed, and mixing them until no layer exists in them. The method further comprises adding a flash reducing agent, which takes up 0.5-3% of the total amount of the solvent, to the solvents to reduce their flash point after the three solvents are mixed uniformly; adding an alcohol-soluble lubricant, which takes up 1-5% of the total amount of the solvent, to the solvents to increase their mechanical fluidness; stirring them slowly until they are mixed uniformly; filtering them using a centrifuge; and using a pump to convey them into a fuel storage tank to obtain the clean high-grade industrial fuel in the solvent type and low temperature state.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The low temperature clean industrial fuel is prepared by mixing pine-stump light oil obtained from light weight distilling black oil with 95% methanol at a mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.5 in a close blending pot (1) at room temperature; stirring the mixture to obtain latex; adding 90% ethanol to the latex at a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3; adding petroleum ether to the latex at a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3; stirring obtained mixture; and storing in fuel oil tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The clean high-grade industrial fuel in solvent type and medium temperature state is prepared by mixing petroleum ether, 90% ethanol and 95% methanol at a volume ratio of 1:0.3-0.5:0.3-0.5 in a sealed mixer at low stirring speed until the mixture is homogenous; adding flash reducing agent (0.1-2 vol.%) to reduce flash point; adding an alcohol-soluble lubricant (0.5-7 vol.%) to increase mechanical fluidness; subjecting mixture to centrifuge; filtering; and transporting filtrate to a fuel storage tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mol. ratio of Ru to alkali metal oxide and/or metal element in alkali metal oxide is 1-10:1. The content of alumina gel is 3-5 wt.% of catalyst. The alkali metal is sodium or potassium. The alkali earth metal is magnesium or calcium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The honeycomb integrated nickel-magnesium solid solution catalyst is prepared:(A) by using dichroite with open pore canal structure as catalyst carrier, boiling in 30 wt.% of oxalic acid solution for 30 minutes, washing with distilled water, and drying;(B) immersing carrier in ultra-fine gamma -aluminum oxide ethanol suspension, vacuumizing the carrier for 1 hour after being immersed, curing for 24 hours, drying, and calcining;(C) dissolving hydrated nickel nitrate and hydrated magnesium nitrate in distilled water to obtain mixed solution of nickel nitrate and magnesium nitrate; and(D) immersing the honeycomb integrated dichroite for 1 hour, curing for 24 hours, drying, and calcining.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The material preferably comprises a mixture of nitrile groups and carboxylic acid groups. The molecular chain comprises hemicellulose or cellulose, cellulosic material, or lignocellulosic material. The saccharide units comprise 5-6C saccharide units. Each chain has 10-200, preferably 10-50 saccharide units. Preferred Properties: The average molecular weight of the material relative to polyethylene glycol (PEG) standards is 1000-1000000, preferably less than 10000, where the molecular weight is determined by gel permeation chromatography utilizing 8.4 wt.% saturated solution of lithium chloride in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) as the mobile phase. EXAMPLE - A fibrous material sample from Kraft paper material (P-100e) was treated with electron beam delivering 5 MeV electrons at 80 kW of output power at an energy dose of 99.36 MRad or 993.6 kgy. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) was then used to determine the molecular weight distribution of polymer. A solution of the polymer sample was passed through a column packed with a porous gel trapping small molecules. The Kraft paper had a peak average molecular weight of 9770 plus minus 2. Then, potentiometer was used to measure the electrode potential of sample solutions to achieve an accurate titration analysis based on a redox reaction. The sample had one carboxylic acid per 22 saccharide units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The surfactant is one or more of fatty alcohol sulfates, sodium alkylol polyethylene ether sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, fatty alcohol epoxy ethane adduct sulfonate, alkylphenol formaldehyde condensate epoxy ethane adduct sulfonate, alkylpolyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, sorbitan fatty acid ester, Polysorbate(RTM: polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters), or epoxy ethane nonylphenol condensate. The stabilizer is 3-chloro-1,2-propylene oxide, butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, cresyl glycidyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, or sodium sorbate. The antifreeze agent is one or more of glycol, propanediol, propanetriol, polyethylene glycol, or sorbitol. The penetrating agent is azone. The cosolvent is one or more of ethanol, isoamylol, phenol, acetone, ethyl acetate, or dimethyl sulfoxide. The synergistic agent is one or more of piperonyl butoxide, sulfoxide, formaldehyde, castor oil, or fatty acyl chloride. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The method further comprises passing raw materials through high-efficiency iron-removing device before sending to forming machine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass raw materials comprise crop straws of maize, wheat, soybean and cotton, rice or peanut shell, forestry residues including branches, wooden powder and tree bark, and/or bushes including sea buckthorn and Caragana microphylla.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The quenching medium is chemical medium comprising steam or hydrogen. The quenching medium is physical medium comprising pure water, gas condensed water or recirculated water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chemical quenching medium may comprise 1-4C gas hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 18-54C fatty acid alkylester having one or more carboxy groups is erucic acid alkylester or dimer acid alkylester. The alkyl is chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and octyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The refrigerant mixture composition comprises (in weight%) propane (24-25), propylene (40-41), trifluoromethyl iodide (27-28), and difluoromethane (7-8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The modification catalyst which does not contain noble metal has nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and these oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material includes oxides of vanadium such as vanadium trioxide or vanadium tetraoxide, cerium, titanium, manganese, cobalt, antimony, molybdenum and tin.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The Agrobacterium sp. is sampled in a fixed aeration biological filter tank for treating garbage percolating liquid; a gram-negative bacterium is obtained by acclimating, separating and purifying. It is cultured for 16-32 hours in the nutrition agar culture medium at 30-40 degrees C; the strain bulges; the edge is smooth; it has no pigment; it is negative after being colored by Gram's stain under microscope; the strain is rod-shaped; the size is (1.5-0.3) mu masterisk(0.6-1.0) mu m; it is arranged in pair and does not form gemma of a fungus. The growth cell of the strain and the cell suspending liquid take ammonia nitrogen as unique nitrogen source; the organic substance is carbon source to carry out heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification in order to remove ammonia nitrogen. The growth cell of the strain and cell suspending liquid take nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen as nitrogen source; the organic substance is carbon source to carry out heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification in order to remove nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen under aerobic condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises phosophoric acid. The second metal in the nanoparticles of the cathode catalyst layer includes gold, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, osmium, palladium and silver.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (A), the temperature is 100-120 degrees C, and the contact time is 20 minutes, and at least one water-soluble biodegradable carboxylic acid is added to the water. The aqueous phase resulting from step (B) is purified. In step (D), the temperature is 50-70 degrees C and the contact time is 60 minutes. The step (D) is performed under agitation, or in a fluidized bed reactor. The mixture resulting from step (D) undergoes as follows: (F) dehydration, (G) treatment with sodium methylate in a quantity of 1-10 per thousand with respect to the glycerides and 15-20% with respect to the fatty acids present in the mixture, to obtain mixture enriched in methyl esters and glycerin; and (H) neutralization of the enriched mixture. The step (G) is performed at 70-120 (preferably 100) degrees C and the contact time of the sodium methylate with the mixture resulting from step (F) is 5-90 (preferably 30) minutes. The alkyl alcohol is recovered at the end of step (D) or (E), and the glycerin resulting from steps (E) or (H) is recovered. Preferred Components: The vegetable oil is palm oil, jatropha oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil or acid oil. The vegetable oil and/or vegetable fat has free fatty acid content greater than 3 (preferably 5-30) wt.%. The organic solvent is hexane and /or heptane. The alkyl alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol. The MgO/Al2O3 molar ratio is 5-70. EXAMPLE - Raw palm oil (10 kg/hour) having free fatty acid (FFA) (5.5%) were treated with a mixture of heptane (2 kg/hour) and water (1 kg/hour) under strong agitation in a container for 15 minutes. The organic and aqueous phases were then decanted and the organic phase was fed continuously into a fluidised bed reactor containing a catalyst with magnesium oxide and aluminum trichloride. After work up, the reactor was brought to 150 degrees C for 60 minutes, and the methanol and glycerin were separated to obtain biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silicon carbide in the binding material has crystal phase of 6H.Preferred Properties: The silicon carbide powder has average particle diameter of 100 microns or less, preferably 5 microns or less.Preferred Composition: The silicon carbide powder contains fine silicon carbide powder having average particle diameter of 1-15 microns, and coarse silicon carbide powder having 20-100 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle size distribution of fuel is adjusted such that the fuel optionally has several peaks. The fuel is mixture of 2 or more types of fuels in which average particle diameter differ. The ratio of maximum average particle diameter with respect to minimum average particle diameter of the fuels is 10:7-10:1. Preferred Process: Alternately, 2 or more types of fuels in which average particle diameter differ in predetermined ratio are filled twice or more times. The fuel having reduced average particle diameter is filled in the container, and other fuels are sequentially filled. The fuel container is then vibrated, such that the fuel reduced average particle diameter is deposits in the lowest portion of the container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel comprises granular molecular compound and substance solidifies the molecular compound. The molecular compound is clathrate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The ethanol is extracted twice. The fertilizer precursor component is decomposed twice. The method involves fixing ammonium ion in the polymeric organic compound using microorganisms and/or chemicals, when the organic compound contains polymeric organic compound with large molecular weight than disaccharide consisting of two molecules of glucose which comprises cellulose and decomposing the polymeric organic compound using enzyme derived from an Aspergillus. The microorganism is photosynthetic bacteria which has nitrogen assimilation property. The fungi are yeast. The fertilizer precursor component is chosen from carbohydrate, lipid, glycerin, higher alcohol, fatty acid, amino acid, peptide and protein. The microorganism is used under aerobic condition. The microorganism is chosen from photosynthetic bacteria, Azotobacter, yeast, nitrate-reducing bacteria and nitrite reducing microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inorganic substance is chosen from ammonia, nitrogen compound, carbon compound, phosphoric acid, sulfide, inorganic acid, inorganic alkali and mineral salt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chlorinated ethene consists of tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, dichloroethenes, 1,1-dichloroethenes and/or vinyl chloride. The chlorinated ethane consists of 1,2-dichloroethane and/or ethylene dibromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The substance which generates heat by oxidation reaction is chosen from hydrocarbon and aliphatic alcohol. The reforming raw material is chosen from light oil, naphtha, kerosene oil and gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The benzene sulfonyl urea is prepared by slowly adding 1-((6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl)-2-imidazolone, organic amine and solvent into phenyl sulfonyl chloride with different substituted groups while blending at 40-150 degrees C, reacting the mixture for 0.5-48 hours, cooling with iced bath after ending reaction, washing the reaction product using anhydrous ether, filtering the mixture, drying the mixture in vacuum, and recrystallizing compound with anhydrous ether-ethanol to obtain benzene sulfonyl urea. Preferred Components: The organic amine includes catalyst and acid binding agent. The organic amine is alkyl amine particularly triethyl amine, tripropyl amine or tributyl amine. The solvent includes methylene dichloride, chloroform, acetone, toluene, acetonitrile or N,N-dimethylformamide. The mol ratio of substituted phenyl sulfonyl chloride to 1-((6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl)-2-imidazolone is 1:2-4:1. The mol ratio of organic amine to 1-((6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl)-2-imidazolone is 1:2-4:1. The mol ratio of solvent to 1-((6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl)-2-imidazolone is 5:1-25:1.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fermentor: In the intelligent biomimetic rumen fermentor above, the center of the tank cover is equipped with a handle type lifting machine which is connected to an oil pressure pump through a lifting arm, thereby to open and close the tank cover in a hydrodynamic way; when then tank cover is opened, security block of the tank cover can be automatically locked; and when the tank cover is close, the security block is automatically released, so that working safety can be ensured. In the hydrodynamic accessory system, the automatic liquid supplying bottle is equipped with a liquid level sensor; the function control system is used for controlling electromagnetic pump according to the information of the liquid level sensor, so that liquid in the corresponding storing tank can be transmitted to the automatic liquid supplying bottle; and height of the automatic liquid supplying bottle is regulated by the oil pressure pump. The switchboard of the function control system is equipped with a pressure gauge, a current gauge, an aerodynamic/hydrodynamic control, intelligent controls for various functions and a manual button, various signal lamps and a cooling fan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solid culture medium used in solid fermentation organism reaction pillar comprises 75-85% starch plant materials as main ingredient, 15-25% bran as loosening agent, and 0.5-1.2% monopotassium phosphate. The inoculation strain used in solid fermentation organism reaction pillar is Lactobacillus, Bacillus, microzyme comprising Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis, and mucedine comprising Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Geotrichum candidum. Preferred Properties: The detention time in solid organism reaction system is not less than 20 seconds. Preferred Conditions: The fermentation temperature in solid fermentation organism reaction pillar is 15-40 (preferably 30-35) degrees C and fermentation time lasts for 2-8 (preferably 3-4) days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inlet concentration of nitrogen oxide is not less than 1500 mg/m3. Preferred Properties: The degree of oxidation of nitrogen oxide is more than 50%.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The (+/-) o-chlorobenzene hydantoin is prepared by adding o-chlorobenzaldehyde, potassium cyanide, and ammonium bicarbonate into mixed solvent of ethanol and water to obtain reaction liquid; warming reaction liquid to 55-65 degrees C; maintaining the temperature and stirring for 18-30 hours; stopping reaction; then using hydrochloric acid to regulate pH of the reaction liquid to 2-3; filtering, washing with water remaining filter cake, drying, and purifying to obtain (+/-) o-chlorobenzene hydantoin white crystal. The S-(+)-(o-chlorophenyl) glycine is prepared by centrifuging filtered liquid after reacting Agrobacterium and (+/-) o-chlorobenzene hydantoin; adding active carbon to carry out decoloration of the filtered liquid; then adding dichloromethane into the liquid; adding hydrochloric acid to regulate pH to 4-5 at 0-5 degrees C while stirring; and drying, compressing, and condensing until it becomes white solid. Preferred Component: Mole ratio of o-chlorobenzaldehyde to potassium cyanide to ammonium bicarbonate is 1:0.95-1.0:1.5-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali used in alkali treatment is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and/or calcium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant used in oxidation treatment is peroxyformic acid, peroxyacetic acid and/or di-methyl-diepoxy ethane. The lignin comprises alkali lignin and oxidative lignin. The alkali lignin is used for biologically making fuel, polymer's monomer, lignin derivative. The oxidative lignin is used for compounding quinones compounds. Preferred Method: The alkali treatment is carried out at alkali dosage of 5-15 wt.% of raw material, temperature of 60-100 degrees C, liquid-solid ratio of 3:1-6:1, and time of alkali treatment is 0.5-4.0 hours. The oxidation treatment is carried out at oxidant dosage of 2-20 wt.% of raw material, liquid-solid ratio of 0.5:1-3:1, temperature of 50-100 degrees C, and time alkali treatment of 0.5-4.0 hours. The biological refining of wood fiber raw material involves:(A) using black liquor after alkali treatment to pre-dip raw material and/or acidulating black liquor to make alkali lignin and syrup liquid used for alcoholic fermentation;(B) distilling black liquor formed after oxidation treatment to recycle organic solvent, and/or concentrating and adding water in black liquor formed after oxidation treatment to make oxidative lignin, where organic solvent is recycled in making oxidant; and(C) sieving to obtain paper pulp, coarse residue, fine fiber and good pulp, where coarse residue is recycled to alkali treatment for delignifying, and fine fiber and part good pulp are used for synchronous diastatic fermentation to make ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fermenting strains comprise P. tannophilus and S. cerevisiae. Preferred Process: The method also comprises immobilizing the mixed strain with calcium alginate gel ball, adding 1% aluminum sulfate to improve the intensity of the immobilized gel ball and curing it for 12-24 hours; increasing the percentage hydrolysis liquid by 5-40%, where the acclimation in each batch is 18-24 hours and the total batch number is 6-24, the inoculation amount of the microzyme liquid is 10-20%; and filling 20-50% of immobilized gel ball into fermentation culture medium of xylose cellulose hydrolysis solution with an initial sugar concentration of 3-15%, where the pH value of the xylose cellulose hydrolysis solution is 3.0-7.0 and carrying out the shaking fermentation at 28-35 degrees C at 100-150 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Pre-processing of the macroalgae comprises physical or chemical processing methods. Physical processing comprises pulverizing macroalgae and heating at 50-200 degrees C. Chemical processing comprises mixing macroalgae with 0.01-0.2 normal concentration of a strong acid selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or phosphoric acid. Pre-processing also comprises crushing macroalgae with mold, bacteria, or enzyme using a crushing system. It further comprises heating at 20-80 degrees C with 10-50% of the strong acid. The mold is selected from Aspergillus spp. or Trichoderma spp.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The filtration mesh has mesh diameter of 4-6 mm and interval of 1 mm. The neutralizer is alkaline. Preferred Compounds: The flocculation aid is formed using silicon compound. The filter medium is carbon-zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The reinforced bacterium fluid is the spread cultivation bacterium fluid of the sulfate redacting bacteria separated and sieved from the active sludge of the organic wastewater, and having a density of 1010-1012 colony-forming unit/mL. The nutrient fluid comprises glycose having a density of 500 mg/L, sodium sulfate having a density of 148 mg/L, urea having a density of 27 mg/L, and monopotassium phosphate having a density of 11 mg/L, where the nutrient fluid comprises COD, SO42-, nitrogen, and phosphorus at a ratio of 200:100:5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Ultrasonic probe is dipped 1 cm under the sludge fluid level. The method comprises charging nitrogen to repel air after adding pretreated sludge; after plugging the anaerobic digestion reaction, which is a glass bottle, putting in an air shaker; and controlling temperature at 32-37 degrees C. Preferred Parameter: The ultrasonic wave has ultrasonic density of 0.2-2.0 W/ml; frequency of 20-25 kHz; and radiation time of 3-30 minutes. The ratio of NaOH added to sludge is 0.02-0.08 g/g total solids.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and/or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pretreatment of biomass involves using 2 rollers having different relative linear velocities, where device comprises 2 rollers having different relative linear velocities, motor, shell and inlet and outlet of material; adding nitric acid at ratio of 0.05-1.0% of total quantity of pieces, and reacting for 10-120 minutes at 80-180 degrees C; adding inorganic acid into pieces within ultrasonic device at ratio of 0.05-1.0% of total quantity of pieces, where above reactions are carried out for 20-300 seconds and ultrasonic density of 0.2-0.3 W/cm2.
EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Conditions: Addition of cornstalk hydrolyzate fluid and flora-enriched fluid, involves drilling wells or holes in the region of nitrate-polluted groundwater, and pouring cornstalk hydrolyzate fluid and flora-enriched fluid into the wells or holes, or pumping out the nitrate-polluted groundwater, mixing cornstalk hydrolyzate fluid and flora-enriched fluid with it, and pouring the mixed fluid back to the ground. In the inlet path and/or outlet path of the nitrate-polluted groundwater, biochemical treatment pools are provided separately or together. Biological denitrification is carried on in the biochemical treatment pools. Trenches are dug in the inlet and/or outlet path of the shallow groundwater and surface water, and biological denitrification is carried out in the trenches. The concentration of denitrifying bacteria flora in water is controlled to 102-105/mm, the molar ratio of carbon content in glucose of added cornstalk hydrolyzate fluid to nitrogen content in nitrate is 1-5, and the pH of cornstalk hydrolyzate fluid is 7.2. The flora-enriched fluid is denitrifying bacteria flora-enriched wetland soil in natural environment, sludge in rivers, pools, trenches and ponds, leachate and sludge from refuse landfill, and/or sewage and sludge from sewage disposal plant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Cornstalk hydrolyzate fluid is obtained by hydrolyzing pre-treated cornstalk in glucose and/or other monosaccharide with cellulose. Cornstalk is pre-treated by steam explosion and wet-oxidation processes, or processes of chemically treating cornstalk with diluted acid, diluted alkali, and ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The zeolite includes three-dimensional space in which 6.5-8 Angstrom fine holes are formed. The zeolite has a silicon/aluminum molar ratio of 25-200. The zeolite has 12 oxygen atoms connected to form a loop.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The modification process is carried out at 80-200 degrees C for 60-300 minutes. The usage amount of zeolite is 1-3 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biogas (a) and biogas (b) are nitrogen, methane gas or carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The fuel producing system has an odorant implantation portion to inject odorant into the compressed methane gas, a charge unit (i) (116) to charge the compressed methane gas containing odorant to vehicle, a charge unit (ii) to charge the compressed methane gas containing odorant from evaporation portion, to vaporize the generated compression liquid methane in the compression portion (II) and odorant implantation portion, and to inject odorant to compression methane gas generated in the evaporation portion odorant implantation portion, and then injected to vehicle. Preferred Arrangement: The odorant implantation portion is provided between the consolidation portion and compression portion (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The odorant is mixture of tertiary butyl mercaptan and tetrahydrothiophene. Preferred Properties: The weight ratio of tertiary butyl mercaptan and tetrahydrothiophene is 7:3. The injected concentration of odorant is 12-20 mg/Nm. Preferred Process: The odorant is injected to methane gas and/or compressed methane gas. The carbon dioxide removed from the biogas (b) is collected. The compressed liquid methane is charged to vehicle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The resonate coil assembly comprises a hollow coil form with circular end form winding supports secured on each end and a threaded bolt stock adjustment core fitted to a threaded end cap assembly and an insulated copper wire wound in continuous layers and distributed uniformly throughout the coil form length within the end forms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electrode tubing assembly comprises greater than or equal to 3 stainless steel tubes (or plates) to act in the capacity of anode cathode and neutral electrodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The synthesis gel comprises aluminum source, phosphorus source, silicon source, quat. ammonium template agent and water at molar ratio of 1:0.01-52:0.03-196:0.2-5:20-300, respectively. The porous support can include a porous material preferably inorganic porous materials, stainless steels, or Hastelloy(RTM: alloy) such as Hastelloy(RTM: alloy) B-2, C-4, C-22, C-276, G-30, or X; or Inconel(RTM: alloy) such as Inconel(RTM: alloy) 600, 625, 690 or 718. The inorganic porous materials is alpha -alumina, gamma -alumina, glass, titania, zirconia, carbon, silicon carbide, clays or silicate minerals, (supported) aerogels, supported silica, titania, or zirconia. The stainless steels are 301, 304, 305, 316, 317, or 321 series of stainless steels. The supported gas separation molecular sieve membrane has separation index of greater than or equal to 7 based on a pressure driving force of 138 kPa and 22 degrees C. The carbon dioxide to methane separation selectivity is greater than or equal to 110. Preferred Parameters: The shortened crystallization time is greater than 1 hour-less than 18 hours. The hydrothermal synthesis conditions comprises 50-300 degrees C with hydrothermal synthesis conducted at autogenous pressure. The shortened crystallization time is greater than 2-less than 15 hours, preferably greater than 3-less than 14 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coated porous support includes 0.001-50 mu m membrane layer containing silico-alumino-phosphate (SAPO)-34 molecular sieve crystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Body: The fuel body contains flour content (0.2-2 wt.%), charcoal (less than 5 wt.%), and sodium (Na), potassium (K) and/or silicon (Si) ions (less than 5000 mg/kg). The fuel body has bulk density of at least 500 kg/m3, Ca/(K+Si) weight ratio of at least 0.5, weight ratio of (Ca and Al)/(K and Na) of at least 1.6, and weight ratio of (Ca)/(K) of at least 1.7. The fuel body comprises wheat flour and/or rye flour. The flour content contains more than 70 wt.% of flour. The fuel body contains at least 300 mg Ca/kg and/or at least 30 (preferably less than 300) mg Al/kg. The fuel body is pellet. Preferred Method: The processing involves pelletization to obtain a wood fuel pellet. EXAMPLE - Pellets were made from soft wood saw dust using a pellet press. A conventional purified corn starch (control) and test cereal flour were used. As a source of calcium, calcium carbonate was added to the test flour; and ash metal composition was determined and the ratio Ca/K was calculated. Results for calcium (Ca) content (mg/kg), potassium (K) content (mg/kg), and ratio of Ca/K in test/control pellets were found to be 723/567, 320/314 and 2.26/1.81 respectively. Standard amounts of pellets were burned and the amount of slagging was determined semi-quantitatively. The results showed that test flours resulted in no slagging, whereas in control moderate slagging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The microbial bed contains stalk of maize, rice bran, wheat bran and saw dust. Preferred Method: The method involves adding hen dropping to waste microbial bed and stirring for 5-25 days. The method further involves addition of BC microbe to hen droppings before fermentation. The method involves adding 0.001-0.5 weight parts of BC microbe with respect to 100 weight parts of hen droppings. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Components (in kg): eryngii mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) (300) and BC microbe (100 g) were mixed with hen droppings (1000) discharged from hen house, and having moisture content of 30 weight% and ammonia concentration of 200 ppm for 1 hour. The ammonia concentration was reduced to 0 ppm, and the mixture was fermented for 15 days to obtain hen dropping fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amino compound is ammonia or hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The glyphosate synergist comprises a glyphosate surfactant dissolved in the water, and promotes absorption of weed to the glyphosate. The phosphate comprises sodium phosphate, or potassium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water is added during granulating. Drying is carried out at 70-110 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water absorbing material is high-water-absorbing resin, water absorbing paper, defatted cotton, dust-free paper, sponge or molecular sieve. The alkali remover is solid strong acid or ion exchange resin. The solid strong acid is loaded solid strong acid, solid strong acid compounded from inorganic salt, sulfuric ion modified metal oxide, fluoro-sulfonated ion exchange resin, heteropoly acid, strongly acidic molecular sieve, compound formed from aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) or sulfonate ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resin is strongly acidic cation exchange resin or weakly acidic cation exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is starch, wheat starch, corn starch, sugar, molasses, saw dust, gilsonite, ground asphalt, rosin, plastic, guar gum, lignin, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additional compound is present at less than 1 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Electrode Assembly: In the membrane-electrode assembly, the binder and the polymer electrolyte membrane comprises the polymer (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer is selected from formulae (Ia)-(Ic).A2 and A5=alkylene, cycloalkylene, fluorenylene, arylene (all optionally substituted), or CR7R8;X=cycloalkylene;R7 and R8=alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, (hetero)aryl, or heteroalkyl including an atom selected from O, N, or S (all optionally substituted), or H.Preferred Components: The proton groups of Y1 and Y2 are selected from sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and/or their salts. The salts are selected from sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, and/or calcium salt. Preferred Definitions:    m1-m10=1-3;    I1-I6=5-12;    m11=1-18.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The biodiesel fuel is methyl-esterification fuel. The method further involves cooling biodiesel fuel after adding modifier, and solid-phase is obtained by separating liquid-phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The aging process is carried out in a clean and purged chemical reactor that is loaded with biodiesel batch and heated to 80 degrees C with continuous stirring. In the process, pure oxygen is bubbled into the bottom of the reactor, preferably from an oxygen Dewar, at 50-70 l/minute. The reactor is further heated to 100 degrees C with continuous stirring. The fuel sample was tested every one hour for an acid number and for oxidation stability by Rancimat induction period. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic hydride is formula X(YH4-nZn), and hydroxide is formula AOH. The ionic hydride is lithium borohydrate (LiBH4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and/or potassium borohydride (KBH4). The hydroxide is lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and/or potassium hydroxide (KOH). The cation interchangeable electrolytic membrane is cation interchangeable solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The wastewater is processed by high-temperature anaerobic digestion treatment at 57-60 degrees C; and the digestion liquid is cooled to perform middle-temperature anaerobic digestion treatment at 33-36 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diffusion layers are made of porous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical getter comprises at least one alkaline earth oxide powder. The physical getter comprises high surface area ceramic selected from zeolite, porous alumina, porous silica, activated carbon, and molecular sieve. The alkaline earth oxides are selected from barium oxide, calcium oxide and/or strontium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The getter compound is co-mingled with the getter compound in the gas purification chamber. The gas purification chamber further includes a drying compound. The drying compound comprises chemical getter and/or a physical getter. The drying compound is a finely divided powder; and is contained between two of the gas permeable barriers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The enzyme is hydrogenases, such as Pyrococcus furiosus, Clostridium pasteurianum or Desulfovibrio desulfuricans.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photocatalyst titania laminated on photoanode has an anatase structure or combination of anatase structure and rutile structure, and comprises a reformed photocatalytic material capable of absorbing UV range. Each of the anode electrolyte and cathode electrolyte comprises a 0.4-2 M potassium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The refrigerant comprises propane, propylene, ethane or ethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The mixture of unpretreated gases is heated at 350-450 degrees C to contact with polybenzoxazole membrane. The polybenzoxazole membrane is prepared from thermal conversion of hydroxy containing polyimide having heterocyclic imide nitrogen, where polyimide has pendent hydroxyl groups ortho to heterocyclic imide nitrogen, upon heating at 350-500 degrees C under nitrogen or vacuum. The hydroxyl-containing polyimide is formed by polycondensation of 2,2-bis(3- amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane diamine and dianhydride selected from 2,2'-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride, and/or 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride. The permeate gas stream is sent through a second stage membrane to produce carbon dioxide permeate stream and product stream. Preferred Components: The hydroxy-containing polyimide comprises repeating units of phenol derivative of formula (I). The second stage membrane comprises rigid, glassy polymer with high glass transition temperature. The second stage membrane comprises material selected from polybenzoxazole, polyimide and cellulose acetate.X1=-C(CF3)2-;X2=tetrasubstituted Ph, disubstituted diphenyl, and/or disubstituted Ph derivative of formula (C); andZ=-O-, -C(CF3)2-, -C=O-, and/or S(O)2.Preferred Properties: The polybenzoxazole membrane is in a form selected from sheets, tubes, hollow fibers, and thin film composites. The second stage membrane exhibits carbon dioxide over methane selectivity of greater than or equal to 10 at 50 degrees C under 690 kPa pure carbon dioxide or methane pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial cell has a solid content of activated sludge of 10-20%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ring is made of a thermoplastic material comprising polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The internal carrier layer is made of porous ceramic, the cathode layer is made of lanthanum manganate, the electrolyte layer is made of ceramic mixture of e.g. yttrium and zirconium oxide and the anode layer is made of nickel-zirconium oxide metal-ceramic compound. A barrier valve interrupts the flow of the combustion gas and the recycled remaining gas in a clock frequency and in open/close intervals at an outlet of the reformer reactor and/or the shift reactor, where the intervals optimize the charge-producing reactions in the fuel cell. The barrier valve is activated by an electromagnetic coil. A stagnation of the combustion engine is bridged with reduced fuel (2g) in addition and corresponding to the air supply in a stand-by-operation. The inner side or a part of the interior of the reformer reactor and the shift reactor is filled with the catalyst on the porous ceramic carrier and/or is introduced on the deviating sections, which accelerates the reactions in the desired products through surfaces contacts. The fuel gas for loading reformer reactor consists of liquefied gas, natural gas, gasoline fuel or diesel fuel, vaporized bio-diesel oils, or naphthalene in normal conditions of solid hydrocarbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-catalyst layer comprises particles of alumina, silica or silica-alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrocarbon used as raw material for production of hydrogen is selected from group consisting of naphtha, petrol or kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The moisture content of the fatty-acid alkylester is 25-55 mass%. The hydroxy-containing property activated carbon has pH of 4-6.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline-earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and/or barium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic binder contains element contained in carrier as main component. Preferred Process: The catalyst slurry is obtained by mixing the slurried catalyst precursor and alcohol or aqueous solution of alcohol. A dipping method as carrying method is further carried out for manufacturing gasification catalyst. Preferred Apparatus: The gasification processing system consists of catalyst recovery apparatus which recovers the gasification catalyst introduced into the downstream of gasifier, and tar decomposition installation filled with the gasification catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The load of platinum and niobium, tungsten and/or antimony by mass ratio is 0.3-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of platinum is 0.5-20 wt.% with respect to titanium oxide. The mass ratio of platinum and iridium is 0.2-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The strain for fermenting is Geotrichum or zymophyte of Bacillus stearothermophilus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The amount of magnesium salt is 5-30 wt.% of phosphorus or nitrogen in livestock manure. The magnesium salt solution has concentration of 0.5-2 M. Preferred Component: The magnesium salt is magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The livestock manure is pig manure, chicken manure and/or sheep manure. The adjusting agent is crop straw, rice shell, corn core, wood chips and/or litter. Preferred Parameters: The volume ratio of livestock manure to conditioner is 1:1-3. The stock pile has water content of 55-56%.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copper corrosion inhibitor is benzotriazole or methyl benzotriazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sulfonic acid polymer is acrylic acid-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylic acid-acrylic ester-sulfonate, carboxylate-sulfonate-nonionic polymer. The antisludging agent is prepared by dissolving copper corrosion inhibitor in maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer or polyacrylic acid, adding other components in a reacting kettle and stirring, slowly pouring the maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer or polyacrylic acid with dissolved copper corrosion inhibitor in the reacting kettle; adding water; and stirring mixture for 20-40 minutes until the mixture is uniform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Parameters: The mud concentration in inoculating is 3.5 g/L, the dissolved oxygen (DO) value is 3.0-6.0 g/L, the mud concentration for steady operation is 10-12 g/L, the water power stopping time is 8-10 hours, and the water phase temperature is normal temperature. The total dissolved solid of the salt-containing organic wastewater is 0.8-1.2%, the chemical oxygen demand concentration determined by potassium dichromate method (CODCr) is 8000-12000 mg/L, and the original pH value is 6.0-9.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide gases are removed from mixed methane gas extracted from fermentation reaction installation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Flexible gas impermeable sheet material is synthetic resin sheet consists of composite sheet with polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, PET film and/or polyvinylidene chloride film and polyester cloth or nylon cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The ceramic board is formed on the ceramic paper, which includes ceramic fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic board includes a coating layer of aluminum oxide and another coating layer of aluminum phosphate formed on the former coating layer using aluminum hydroxide and phosphoric acid, where atomic ratio of phosphorus and aluminum is 3:50. The ceramic paper includes alumina and silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ceramic paper includes slurry composition having organic binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ceramic paper includes organic fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The ceramic board is formed on the ceramic paper, which includes ceramic fiber. The channel plate surface includes ceramic media selected from cerium, zirconia or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic board includes a coating layer of aluminum oxide and another coating layer of aluminum phosphate formed on the former coating layer using aluminum hydroxide and phosphoric acid, where atomic ratio of phosphorus and aluminum is 3:50. The ceramic paper includes alumina and silica. The channel plate surface includes active ingredient selected from platinum, rhenium or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ceramic paper includes slurry composition having organic binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ceramic paper includes organic fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The fermenting chamber has a feeding hole (1); where the interior of the fermenting chamber from the feeding hole to the outlet pipe (3) is a slope segment. The interior of the control chamber is equipped with a duplex control valve (7), a pressure meter, a thermometer, a gas feeding valve, and a safety valve. The interior of the separating chamber is equipped with a filter plate (4), and the bottom of the separating chamber has a slope (8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Increasing the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis using a cellulase is performed in the absence of accessory enzymes other than swollenin. It is performed in the absence of endoglucanase 4 (EG4) and cellulose induced protein 1 (CIP1), preferably in the absence of recombinant EG4 or recombinant CIP1. The cellulosic substrate is selected form wood, wood pulp, papermaking sludge, paper pulp waste streams, particle board, corn stover, corn fiber, rice, paper and pulp processing waste, woody or herbaceous plants, grasses, rice hulls, cotton straw, corn cobs, distillers grains, leaves, wheat straw, coconut hair, and/or switchgrass. The cellulosic substrate is softwood. Preferably, the cellulosic substrate is high lignin substrate. The cellulosic substrate has a kappa number of 80 or higher. The percent increase in cellulase efficiency is at least 10%. Preferred Composition: The cellulase composition is a whole cellulase composition or a mixed cellulase composition. It comprises one or more primary cellulases selected from cellobiohydrolase 1 (CBH1), cellobiohydrolase 2 (CBH2), endoglucanase 1 (EG1), endoglucanase 2 (EG2), or beta -glucosidase. The ratio of cellulases in the cellulase composition to swollenin (wt:wt) is 20:1 to 1:5, preferably 5:1 to 1:1.5. Alternatively, the swollenin and the cellulases are present in an approximately equal amount (wt:wt). The amount of swollenin (wt:wt) in the composition replaces an approximately equal amount of cellulases (wt:wt) in the composition, with respect to cellulase efficiency on a cellulosic substrate. The composition does not include EG4 and/or CIP1, preferably recombinant EG4 and/or recombinant CIP1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilizer is sodium benzoate, sodium sorbate and/or formaldehyde. The anti-freezing agent is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and/or urea. The anti-foaming agent is organic silicon anti-foaming agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The wet dispersing agent is alkyl naphthalene formaldehyde condensate sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate phosphate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ethylene phosphate, phenethyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer. The thickening agent is xanthan, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, bentonite, and/or magnesium-aluminum silicate. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The dayflower is Setcreasea purpurea, Commelina communis, Tradescantia reflexa, Tradescantia andersoniana, Tradescantia virginiana or Zebrina pendula. The probiotics comprise bacteria, actinomyces and fungus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high efficiency synthetic gas comprises (vol.%) carbon dioxide (1.5-50) as inert gas, and steam (1-50) controlled at a volume ratio of 1:1-4. The concentration of carbon monoxide in outlet reaction gas is controlled at 0.1-8 vol.%. The concentration of the mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in outlet reaction gas is controlled at less than 0.2 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon dioxide has a concentration of 1.5-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The synthesis further comprises purifying, decarbonizing the gasified synthesized gas, and desulfurizing. The synthesis employs a high-temperature catalyst comprising (wt.%) aluminum oxide (10-50), zirconium oxide (10-50), nickel oxide (12-20), lanthanum (0.5-5), cerium (0.1-5), calcium (0.1-3), and magnesium (0.1-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The petroleum solvent is solvent oil, naphtha, or light gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: In the north biogas anaerobic fermentation combined heating system above, the return tube of the electric heater is provided with electromagnetic switch valve B (5) and with electromagnetic switch valve A (4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material of the absorbing agent is natural attapulgite clay or purified attapulgite clay. A dispersing agent used in the purification of attapulgite clay is one or more than one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyacrylate, where the added quantity of the dispersing agent is 3-6 mass% of the attapulgite clay. The solid-liquid ratio of the attapulgite clay and the acid solution is 1:5-1:20 (g/100 ml). The acid is one or two of hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and oxalic acid (H2C2O4). When the acid is one of them, its concentration is 0.2-1 mole/L. When the acid is two of them, the total acid concentration is respectively 0.2-1 mole/L or pH of the acid solution is 2-4. Preferred Method: The attapulgite clay is purified by crushing the natural attapulgite clay, adding in the dispersing agent and water, stirring to form a suspending liquid, placing for 24-48 hours, taking an upper layer liquid, and centrifugally separating to obtain the purified attapulgite clay. The activating condition of the absorbing agent includes heating and/or pumping vacuum at 200-400 degrees C for 2-4 hours; and absorbing at normal temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme is peroxidase. The phenolic compound contains acids selected from cumaric acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid or vanillic acid. The fermentation process is performed by injecting microorganisms selected from yeast, Clostridium or Escherichia coli. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The environment-friendly auxiliary agent is sodium chloride osmotic agent. The raw materials comprises (wt.%): calcium carbonate powder (1-30), environment-friendly auxiliary agent (1-20) and water (30-60).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The diameter of active carbon powder is 10-1000 meshes. Preferred Components: The raw materials comprise (wt.%): active carbon powder (20-60).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin glue is butadiene-styrene rubber, whose solid content is 45-48%. Preferred Components: The raw materials comprise (wt.%): butadiene-styrene rubber (10-30). ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The absorbing agent comprises activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, or activated carbon felt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water is deionized water or running water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is one of aromatic hydrocarbon, e.g. toluene, xylene, solvent oil and heavy aromatics; non-aromatic hydrocarbon, e.g. bean oil, abies oil and cyclohexanone; and/or substances with similar characteristics. The antifreezing agent is glycol, propylene glycol, polyglycol or urea.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surfactant is one of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene and its formaldehyde condensation compound, sorbitan fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ether, phenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and its formaldehyde condensation compound, alkylbenzene sulfonate, and/or castor oil polyoxyethylene ether. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fiber is silica fiber. The alkali metal ion is lithium. Preferred Parameter: The pressure of reaction chamber interior is 30-60 kPa, and temperature is 300-500 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Method: The pre-treatment of organic garbage uses crusher to crush fungus dreg into grain, where crusher is equipped with drying device. The sending of granular organic garbage fuel to fuel decomposing furnace involves using belt conveyor to send granular organic garbage fuel to material shed closing to cement production device and stacking; loading granular organic garbage fuel in material shed to hopper through forklift, and weighing; and lifting hopper to high level by hoister, turning over hopper, pouring granular organic garbage to inlet of discharge pipe, where outlet of discharge pipe is connected to fuel decomposing furnace, and granular organic garbage enters fuel decomposing furnace through discharge pipe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic garbage is fungus dreg of cultured edible fungi.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The absolute alcohol and gasoline (6) are mixed, to obtain gasohol (7). Since the water content for saturation stability is dissolved in the extract of liquid-liquid-extraction apparatus, the water content is dehydrated to 100 ppm or less with a liquid-phase-absorption water-removal device, and since reduced amount of alcohol and ether-type solvent exists by saturation solubility in the raffinate of liquid-liquid-extraction apparatus, a spreader recovers alcohol and ether-type solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Catalyst is prepared by providing bivalent metal nitrate compound, adding trivalent metal oxides, and controlling mole ratio of bivalent metals and trivalent metals at 2.0-5.0; preparing alkali solution from ammonium halide and hydrates, mixing alkali solution and above prepared solution, fully stirring, aging at 60-100 degrees C for 8-96 hours, filtering or centrifugal dewatering, washing to neutral and drying at 60-100 degrees C to obtain precursor of the catalyst; roasting precursor in the presence of nitrogen for 2-12 hours at 200-1000 degrees C to obtain desired the solid alkali catalyst. Preferred Components: The ammonium halide is ammonium fluoride, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide and/or ammonium iodide. The hydrates are lithium hydrate, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. Preferred Definitions:    N'=F 2, Cl 2, Br 2and/or I 2;    M 2+=Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and/or Ni; and    M 3+=Al, Ge, Fe and/or Cu.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The catalyst is potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The biomass comprises cellulose and xylogen, and its raw materials comprise wood, bamboo, crop straws, and fruit shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The silicate bacteria seed culture medium is composed of 4.0-10.0 g/L of cane sugar, 0.5-2.0 g/L of yeast powder, 1.0-3.0 g/L of potassium biphosphate (K2HPO4), 0.2-0.6 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O), 0.1-0.2 g/L of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and 0.005-0.010 g/L of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O); the pH value of it is 7.5-8.5. The silicate bacteria liquid culture medium for ash bio-desilication is composed of 5.0-10.0 g/L of cane sugar, 10.0-15.0 g/L of yeast powder, 1.0-3.0 g/L of K2HPO4, 0.2-0.8 g/L of MgSO4.7H2O, 0.005-0.010 g/L of FeCl3.6H2O and 0.05-0.15 g/L of CaCO3; the pH value of it is 6.0-8.0. The ingredients in the PDA slant culture medium for Aspergillus niger comprise 200-400 g/L of potato, 15-25 g/L of glucose and 15-25 g/L of agar. The ingredients in the cane sugar liquid culture medium for ash bio-leaching comprise 100-150 g/L of cane sugar, 1.0-1.5 g/L of sodium nitrate (NaNO3), 0.5-0.8 g/L of K2HPO4, 0.02-0.03 g/L of MgSO4.7H2O, 0.02-0.03 g/L of potassium chloride (KCl) and 3-5 g/L of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The ratio of H2 and CO is 3:1 to 3.1:1. Preferred Component: The H2 is composite-energy electrolyzing system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The decarbonizing step of methane synthesis comprises flash vaporizing solvent absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2), decomposing and regenerating, and utilizing generated CO2 as gas tobacco shred leavening agent, plant gas fertilizer, supercritical extracting agent, drinking additive, welding protecting gas, raw material for foam board, inorganic chemical product, borax or organic chemical, fruit and vegetable antistaling agent, and agent for gorging and disgorging carbon dioxide, displacing oil extraction or extracting auxiliary for oil field. The decarbonized synthetic gas is compressed and reacted partly with propylene to generate butyl octanol. Preferred Components: The synthetic gas is ground catalyst gas of coal, ground directly-gasified gas or underground gasified gas. The methane synthesis has by-product of high-quality water being treated and used as boiler water. The heat generated by methane reaction is recycled in the form of steam and hot water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The control of operating efficiency includes controlling a volume of air and a rate of oxidizer provided to the gasifier vessel. The thermal conductivity is repeatedly detected so that controlling the operating efficiency is performed continuously. The method further comprises drying the producer gas from the gasifier vessel before detecting the thermal conductivity; determining a high temperature and a low temperature for combustion within the gasifier vessel, which bound an allowable air input to the gasifier vessel; determining an optimal thermal conductivity value within bounds of the high temperature and the low temperature; and controlling the operating efficiency so that the thermal conductivity of the producer gas is maintained substantially equal to the optimal thermal conductivity value. The high temperature and the low temperature relate to a fuel and to a moisture content of fuel used in the gasifier vessel. The detection of thermal conductivity includes comparing the thermal conductivity of the producer gas with that of a reference gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Properties: The residue stream is enriched in oxygen compared with raw gas stream, and has EMC of greater than or equal to 60 (preferably 70)%. Preferred Compositions: The raw gas stream has methane concentration of less than 70 (preferably 30) vol.%. Preferred Components: The raw gas stream is natural gas, landfill gas or biogas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In development of biological pretreatment of waste organic solids, the compost used as additional biological agent, is generated in the same procedure. The addition of compost used as additional biological agent is done through a recirculation of the resulting product of aerobic composting to the pre-mixing anaerobic digester unit. The percentage of inoculation of the compost should be 2.5-5% in volume over the total volume of waste intended to be pretreated. The mixing is conducted under agitation. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Liquid: The igniting liquid comprises alcohol (up to 50, preferably 1-25 wt.%); ethers, esters, carbonates and/or hydrocarbons (up to 50 wt.%; usual igniting liquid components (e.g. water, surfactant and/or thickening agent); and also comprises a coloring, fragrance and/or insect repellent additive. Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, propanol or butanol. EXAMPLE - gamma-Valerolactone (15-20 ml) was filled into a wick lamp available in trade. Then the wick was inserted and then kept for a few minutes until it soaked up the liquid, followed by ignition. The flame burnt uniformly without soot, there was no flickering, and the smell was pleasant, but not intensive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: at least a partial stream of gas stream to be treated is at least temporarily passed to the regenerative thermal oxidation process and then mixed with treated partial stream (bypass operation); and the switching of the gas stream is automatically carried out by the bypass operation, and the switching of the gas stream is coupled with the measurement of reaction temperature, or an analysis of the calorific value of the gas stream to be treated. During the regenerative thermal oxidation process: further at least a fuel gas, preferably methane-containing gas is temporarily added to the gas stream to be treated; and the sufficient oxygen is provided by passing an instrument air or processor air. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Nitrogen and phosphorus sources or gluconic acid soda is supplied to contaminated ground or ground water along with glycerin by-product. Acid is added to glycerin by-product, when the by-product is solidified. The glycerin by-product is neutralized and emulsified. The emulsified product is supplied to contaminated ground or ground water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is sodium hydroxide. The acid is nitric acid and phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The smectite-silica gel mixed phase contains an aluminum content, calculated as aluminum oxide, of less than 15 wt.%. The smectite-silica gel mixed phase exhibits: an amorphous phase portion, determined by quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis, of at least 10%; and a cation exchanging capacity of greater than 40 meq/100 g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: After the separation of the purified biodiesel from the adsorbent, the glycoside is separated from the adsorbent. Preferred Components: The raw biodiesel contains a glycoside content of greater than 10 ppm. The glycoside is a steryl glycoside. The adsorbent is present in the form of a granulate. The granulate exhibits a particle size of greater than 0.5 mm. The adsorbent is air-dried, broken and sieved. The adsorbent is present in the form of a column packing. EXAMPLE - An adsorbent (1 wt.%) (having a cation exchanging capacity of 52 meq/100 mg, a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface of 208.4 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.825 cm2/g and a silicon (as silicon dioxide) content of 70.6 wt.% and a smectite content of 40 wt.% relative to the total mineral composition of the adsorbent) was suspended in a crude biodiesel (500-800 g) produced from palm oil and stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature and then the adsorbent was separated by filtration though a filter paper. The filtrate was directly used for the quantification of the steryl glycoside content. The filtrate contained no detectable amount of steryl glycoside content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises collecting sludge generated in each step and feeding it into a sludge concentrating tank, delivering into a sludge filter press to obtain sludge cake, and then preparing coal from the sludge. The method for preparing coal from sludge comprises mixing the sludge into the modified active carbon after being used in sewage treatment to obtain fuel for boiler; or directly drying the sludge to obtain fuel for boiler. The mechanical filtering is conducted after the third flocculating step to fully filter and remove the suspension from sewage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (B), 1/3 of the lees is treated by the metabolism of the fly maggot in the lees, treated by microorganism (mold culture), or untreated. The turf can be replaced by the waste bamboo, the treated paper mill sludge or their derivatives. Preferred Condition: In step (C), the drying temperature is controlled at 80 degrees C. The final water content is controlled at 40%. The crushed granularity is 90 meshes. The water content of the dried material is controlled at 4-6%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: In the raw materials, the urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are the basic fertilizers that meet the national standard. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The temperature of gas used as carrier gas is 3 degrees C or more than the temperature of gas after carrying out cooling process which is maintained by the temperature control component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid reactant is sodium borohydride powder which is compacted into a pill form. The liquid reactant is an acidic solution having a pH of less than or equal to 2. It is citric acid solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises separator for recovering biofuel from the treated medium, or for recovering dewatered algae from the treated medium; or feedback sensor coupled to the drive pulse generator for adjust characteristics of the drive pulse generator based on load impedance of the liquid-based algae-containing medium. In the apparatus, the treatment region comprises a static region for maintaining the liquid-based algae-containing medium in a static condition during application of the shaped pulsed pressure wave; or a material stream flow path for maintaining the liquid-based algae-containing medium in a flowing condition during application of the shaped pulsed pressure wave. Preferred Method: The method further involves adjusting characteristics of the shaped pulsed pressure wave based on load impedance of the liquid-based algae-containing medium in the treatment region; or maintaining the liquid-based algae-containing medium in a static condition or in a flowing condition in the treatment region during the applying step. In the method, the applying step involves generating the shaped pulsed pressure wave electromagnetically, piezoelectrically, or electrohydraulically. Preferred Components: The pressure wave generator comprises electromagnetic pulsed pressure wave generation elements; piezoelectric pulsed pressure wave generation elements; or electrohydraulic pulsed pressure wave generation elements, which are electrodes fluidly coupled to the liquid-based algae-containing medium, and the drive pulse generator is a Marx bank generator comprising a capacitor store and several solid state switches adapted for high di/dt, high blocking voltage, and large peak current.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite Y adsorbent comprises a copper exchanged zeolite Y. The copper exchanged zeolite Y is further exchanged with metal ions comprising zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, manganese, silver, gold, scandium, lithium, cerium, lanthanum and/or magnesium. The sulfur adsorbent system further comprises a hydrated alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: controlling the temperature of the zeolite Y adsorbent and the selective sulfur adsorbent below 100 (preferably 60) degrees C; and passing the feed stream over a hydrated alumina adsorbent after passing over the copper exchanged zeolite Y. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon feed stream further comprises water. EXAMPLE - Natural gas was passed through a reactor contained, in sequence, copper exchanged zeolite Y and the selective sulfur adsorbent. The zeolite Y had a copper exchange of 58% with the remaining metal ions comprised of sodium. The selective sulfur adsorbent was comprised of 70 wt.% of manganese compounds, 21% of copper oxide comprising cupric oxide and 9% of silica. 80% by volume of the total adsorbent material comprises the copper exchanged zeolite Y.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises nickel chromium (NiCr)/magnesium oxide (MgO)-lanthanum oxide (La2O3)-aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The reactive adsorption bed comprises calcium oxide and magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The etherifying of glycerol by ethanol, comprises reacting glycerol with ethanol in the presence of a catalyst made of strong solid Bronsted acid. The process is performed at 100-300 degrees C, preferably 150-250 degrees C, and at a pressure of 5-100 bars, preferably 10-50 bars. Preferred Components: The alcohol is primary alcohols (ethanol), or long primary alcohols. The glycerol ethers are di- and tri-ethers of glycerol. The molar ratio of alcohol and vegetable oil or oil is 1-50, preferably 3-20. The strong solid Bronsted acid has differential heat of greater than or equal to 170 KJ/mol, preferably greater than or equal to 190 KJ/mol of ammonia absorption. The strong solid Bronsted acid is of formula (HkXlMmOn.xH2O), preferably H3PW12O40.24H2O, H4SiW12O40.24xH2O, H6P2W18O62.24H2O, H5BW12O40.30H2O, H6PW10V2O40.xH20, H3PMo12O40.28H2O, H4SiMo12O40.13H2O, H3PMo6V6O40.XH2O or H5PMo10V2O40.XH2O. The strong solid Bronsted acid is used as a salt. The salt is alkali metal salts comprising cesium (Cs+), potassium (K+) or rubidium (Rb+) or ammonium salts (NH4+).X = heteroatom of P, Si, Ge, B or As;M = peripheral metallic element of W, Mo or V;l = number of heteroatom (1 or 2);k = number of hydrogen atoms (1-10);m = number of peripheral metallic atoms (1-20);N = number of oxygen atoms (2-60); andX = number of hydration water molecules (0-40, preferably 6-30). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The deposit is hydroxide. The deposit has double layered hydrate structure containing hydroxide of nickel, magnesium and aluminum. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide and/or ammonium carbonate. The carrier is alumina, zirconia, ceria, titania, silica and/or magnesia. The noble metal is ruthenium. Preferred Processes: The surface of the carrier is impregnated with lanthanum compound before adding compound (A). The noble metal is included to the carrier after baking. The catalyst is obtained by immersing the carrier having deposit which is impregnated with nickel compound, magnesium compound and aluminum compound, into aqueous alkali solution. The catalyst also obtained by impregnating alkali into the carrier and immersing into aqueous alkali solution (a) containing nickel compound, magnesium compound and aluminum compound. The deposit is formed by reacting nickel compound, magnesium compound and aluminum compound with urea which exist in inner side of the carrier and/or surface of the carrier, and hydrolyzing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon is 3C or more hydrocarbon. Preferred Process: The hydrocarbon is modified by steam reforming, self-thermal reforming or partial oxidation reforming.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Content of rare earth metal in the catalyst is 0.1-5 mu mol/m2 with respect to the surface area of catalyst. The noble metal component is ruthenium. The rare earth metal contains lanthanum or cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solid fine granule components are porous material, or woody biomass or coal containing woodchip. Preferred Property: The mixing amount of solid fine granule components is 1-50 weight parts with respect to organic sludge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The dry processing system of organic sludge further has a pulverization unit to pulverize the solid component containing carbon to obtain solid fine granule components, and provided in the front stage of the dryer. The dryer is vacuum dryer with which vacuum suction of the inside is carried out.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene) coating is provided to stirring paddle and/or rotating shaft of the dryer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The air sensor consists of metal phthalocyanine and fluorescent molecule e.g. diaminofluorescein.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Condition: The water content of organic waste is adjusted to 35-65%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The regulator is straw, chaff, wood chips, mushroom dregs, and/or peat soil. The nitrogen containing compound is urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, or diammonium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The regulator can be bentonite, kaolin, zeolite powder, fly ash, blast furnace slag, phosphorus fertilizer, phosphorus ore powder, and/or lime. The nitrogen containing compound is amino acid, vegetable protein or animal protein. The organic waste comprises urban garbage with high organic content, urban slurry, industrial slurry, river slurry, pool slurry, poultry and animal feces, straw, mushroom dregs, wood chips, human feces, kitchen garbage, by-product from food factory, rotten fruits and vegetables, and meat, chicken, pork oil and bone by-products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises removing sulfur-containing gas and moisture from landfill gas, removing carbon dioxide (CO2) and moisture to obtain purified gas, deep drying and purifying, and removing moisture and residual CO2 before removing nitrogen gas and oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The adsorption bed in 1 circulation bed performs adsorption at 10-40 degrees C and 0.4-1.5 MPa, equalizing pressure dropping, discharging, blowing, vacuuming at - 0.06 to - 0.1 MPa, equalizing pressure rising and final pressure rising.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pressure swing adsorption includes taking methane as adsorbate being selectively adsorbed by adsorbent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: Expanded polystyrene waste material is also added at volume ratio of greater than or equal to 30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The infusing of wastewater is carried out at 25-30 (preferably 30) degrees C and pH value of 7.5-8.0 (preferably 7.5), and hydraulic retention time of 10-20 (preferably 10) hours. The hydraulic retention time for acclimatizing process is 10-20 (preferably 15) hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mol ratio of nitrite to sulfide is 0.5-3.0:1, preferably 1.0-2.0:1. The mole ratio of nitrite to organic substance is 0.5-3.5:1, preferably 1.0-2.0:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The filler is fixed filler including soft fiber filler, vertically elastic filler or comprehensive filler, or suspension filler including suspension ball filler or cellular foam plastic square filler.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer comprises urea, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate or Nitrophoska(RTM: basic fertilizer).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fermented waste slag is waste slag from preparation of antibiotic, or ethanol prepared from wine fermentation process. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of phycomycetes mixed microorganism preparation comprises: (a) preparing single scenedesmus via plane separating method; (b) pre-processing the scenedesmus via muramidase buffer solution; (c) sterilizing scenedesmus via antibiotic to obtain the sterile pure scenedesmus; (d) the inoculum concentration of microorganism is that the pure scenedesmus and the total petroleum component degrading bacteria are inoculated in the culture medium according to the volume ratio that is 2 to 1; the total petroleum component degrading bacteria is GS3C, GY2B, GP3A, and GP3B which are equivoluminally mixed; and (e) expanding the culture condition: the culture medium is that the BG11 culture liquid is cultured at 25 plus minus 1 degrees C and at 150 revolution per minute (rpm) of rotate speed in the light shaking table; the light strength is 8000LX;the light/dark ratio L/D is 14-15; the inoculated culture liquid is cultured for 7-10 days to obtain the phycomycetes mixed microorganism preparation. The density of Tween80 in the muramidase buffer liquid is 0.005mol/L; the density of EDTA is 0.1mol/L; the density of the muramidase is 0.5g/L. The pre-treatment is that the muramidase buffer liquid is added to the scenedesmus and put at 10minutes and centrifuged; the supernatant fluid is removed; the sterilized distilled water is added to wash at three times. The antibiotic is penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of metal oxide (preferably titanium oxide or molybdenum oxide) and metal hydroxide (preferably potassium hydroxide) is 1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The noble metal catalyst is applied to a carrier or is present as a bulk catalyst, where the carrier is present in form of a honeycomb. The carrier is selected from cerium oxide, lanthanum (III) oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The noble metal catalyst is applied to a carrier or is present as a bulk catalyst, where the carrier is present in form of a honeycomb. The carrier is selected from cerium oxide, lanthanum (III) oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tar includes a mixture of cyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gelling agent comprises material selected from a sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, cross-linked polyethylene oxide and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol-based gasoline cosolvent comprises (pts.wt.) fatty alcohol (23-25), acetamide (6-8), alkylphenol polyether (1-4), methyl tertiary butyl ether (32-34), fatty acid methyl ester (26-28), acetone (12-14), tert-butyl alcohol (1.5-2), antioxidant (0.06-0.07), and antiswelling agent (0.06-0.07).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The acidifying and water-removing steps comprise slowly dropping 98% sulfuric acid into oil or oil and solvent at 65-75 degrees C for 30-40 minutes, reacting for 30 minutes while preserving temperature, setting aside and layering, collecting upper layer liquid or decompressing and distilling, and reclaiming solvent residue. The methylesterifying step comprises heating oils after acidifying at 60-85 degrees C, slowly adding 98% sulfuric acid and reacting for 2 hours until its acid value is constant. The transesterifying step is carried out under 8-40 MPa for 2-4 minutes. The filtering step is carried out at 40-60 degrees C for 40-80 minutes. The methanol reclaiming step is carried out at 90 degrees C for 40-80 minutes. The phase-separating step is carried out at 30-60 degrees C for 30-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The upper semi sphere (3) of the tank body is made from solar poly silicon light-absorbing heat collecting glass steel composite material, where the solar poly silicon light-absorbing heat collecting glass steel composite material comprises: 100 of No.190 resin, 4% of cyclohexanone peroxide, 2-5 of cobalt naphthenate solution and 0.1-0.5 of solar poly silicon particle; the preparation method comprises: (a) taking the raw materials into the container according to a proportion to evenly agitate it into paste solution, and then adding color slurry gradually, observing the color until it reaches the requirements, placing for use; and (b) cutting the polyester film into semi sphere shape according to design requirements, placing into the semi spherical die, laying a layer of check cloth on the film, and then pouring the adjusted paste solution into die, vibrating, pressing and curing to shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active element is preferably chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt and/or nickel. The active element accounts for 1-2%, preferably 1-1.5%, of the carrier. The composite catalyst is further loaded with auxiliary catalyst chosen from oxides of potassium, magnesium and manganese, which accounts for 0.2-1.5%, preferably 0.5-0.8%, of the carrier. The porous carrier is molecular sieve, gamma -alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, carborundum, natural clay, aluminum silicate, silicon dioxide, active carbon, diatomite, heteropolyacid, and/or silica gel. Preferred Conditions: The pH of immersion solution reaches to that the raw material will not react. The temperature is lower than the boiling point of immersion solution, and the immersion time is 0.5-72 hours. At 200-700 degrees C, the precursor is deoxidized using a deoxidizing gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The microbe used is strain B350.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The cooler is provided between the gas skirt and bag-type duster. The photocatalysis reactor is a wash-type photocatalysis reactor. 1-6 Packing layers are provided in the bio-trickling filter tower. The packing layer comprises microbes and filler. The filler is one or mixture of two organic porous fillers and non-organic porous filler loaded with the microbes. The organic porous filler is one or mixture of urethane foam and plastic porous filler. The non-organic porous filler is one or mixture of porous porcelain granules, Raschig rings, and/or activated carbon. The filler is prepared using Raschig rings (20-80 wt.%) and porous porcelain granules (80-20 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The organic waste gas of benzene series is collected and cooled in a cooler before being introduced into the bag-type duster.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The photocatalyst is nano-titania or nano-zinc-oxide-tin-oxide complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dose of catalyst cyclohexane is 1.5-2.0% with respect to total mass of the methanol and pepper seed oil. The filter material is silica gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (A1) has Zr6O32 cornerstones; inorganic cornerstones of at least 20 coordination sites; and a Zr metal atom to organic linker molecule ratio of 1:0.45 to 1:0.55. ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The composition is administered orally, vaginally, rectally or subcutaneously. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - Standard synthesis of Zr-BDC MOF (zirconium-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid metal organic framework) was performed by dissolving zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) (0.053 g) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (0.034 g) in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) (24.9 g) at ambient temperature. The obtained mixture was sealed and placed in a pre-heated oven at 120 degrees C for 24 hours. Crystallization was carried out under static conditions. After cooling in air to ambient temperature the resulting solid was filtered, repeatedly washed with dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dried at ambient temperature to give Zr-BDC MOF.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biomass is finely chopped prior to the first crushing and washing operation in the first crushing process. The biomass is dewatered and heated before the mechanical dewatering process. The water produced in the mechanical dewatering process is used as wash water. The biomass is subjected to the mechanical dewatering process and downstream second crushing operation for its decompression. The biomass is fermented before the mechanical dewatering process for the extraction of gas, and the mechanical dewatering process forms water, which is used as or for further processing is applied to agricultural fertilizers. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cleaning fluid is caustic soda, phosphoric acid, hydrogen peroxide or ozone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Gas: The inert gas is nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid includes a solvent, inert gas or another porous support material (42) having hydrophobic characteristics. The solvent is selected from dichloromethane, tricarbonic acid chloride, 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride or aromatic di- or triamine including piperazine. The amine is selected from piperazine, polyethyleneimine, 1,6-hexanediamine, alpha , alpha'-diaminoxylene, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,4-diaminobenzene or 2,4-diaminotoluene. The polyamides are produced by reacting an aromatic tricarbonic acid including trimesoyl chloride with an amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous support material is selected from aluminum oxide foam, aluminum oxide-fiber mats, webs of hydrophilic polymers including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The latter porous support material is selected from fleece consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene or hydrophobized inorganic materials. The polymer is made of block copolymers polyimides, polyetherimides like Kapton(RTM: A polyimide film), polyamides or polyamide 6, polyethene carbamide, polyfuran, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, sulfonated polyether sulfones, polydimethylsiloxane or sulfonated polyether ether ketones.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite X exhibits silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of less than 1.15, preferably 1. The zeolite X exists in alkaline earth-form, alkali-/alkaline earth-mixed form (both preferred), or alkali-form. The amount of zeolite X in the solid catalyst is at least 70 wt.%. The solid catalyst contains 0.5-10 wt.% of calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide. The amount of zeolite X is 5-20 wt.%. Preferred Method: The cationic position of the zeolite X is occupied with potassium-, calcium- (both preferred), lithium-, sodium-, rubidium-, cesium-, beryllium-, magnesium-, strontium- and/or barium-ions. At least 90% of the cationic position of the zeolite X is occupied with potassium ions, and at least 2% of the cationic position of the zeolite X is occupied with rubidium- and/or cesium-ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is 1-8C alcohol. The alcohol is a primary alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol (both preferred), propanol or butanol. The molar ratio of alcohol and triglyceride is 3:1-15:1. Preferred Method: The transesterification is carried out at 25-150, preferably 65-100 degrees C, at a boiling point of alcohol, and at ambient pressure or a pressure of 1.1-2 bar. The solid catalyst is formed as molded body. The triglyceride is derived from plant or animal source. The method is carried out in a continuous manner. EXAMPLE - Pseudoboehmite (40 g), completely deionized water (150 g), 52% nitric acid (50 g), freshly milled zeolite X (300 g) with silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of 1.02, and extrusion oil (19 g) were processed to give a plastic mass. The plastic mass was dried at 120 degrees C for 12 hours and calcined at 480 degrees C to obtain K-LSX-extrudate as solid catalyst. A triglyceride was transesterified with methanol at 90 degrees C using solid-K-LSX extrudates to obtain corresponding product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen producing layer is porous layer containing granular hydrogen producing agent and resin. The layer is integrated with the water-absorptive sheet by coating. The surface of the hydrogen producing layer has hydrophobic porous membrane. The resin is a thermosetting resin. The layer is made porous using bubble. The density of the hydrogen producing layer is 0.1-1.2 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst methanol mixing tank, reacting kettle and recycling tank are made of 304L stainless steel, while water washing kettle, film evaporator and biological diesel oil refining tower are made of common steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The gasification or conversion of the raw material is performed in plasma chemical or plasma catalytic mode. The plasma forming substance in the plasmatron is water and/or carbon dioxide. Noble gas or noble gas mixture is added to the mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and to the mixture of methane and water steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The processed component is suspension liquid obtained by reacting hen dropping combustion ash with sulfuric acid aqueous solution, adjusting the pH to 4-10 and aging for more than three days, or powder obtained by drying the suspension liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. In a test for measuring ability to promote growth of spinach plant, fertilizer composition containing sulfuric acid treated hen dropping combustion ash powder and urea promoted leaf length to maximum of 25 cm, and average mass of the aerial plant part to 22 g, and reduced the nitrate content to 120 mg/100 g.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer comprising 3-10 g (preferably 5-8 g) of processed component and 0.3-2 (preferably 0.5-1.5) g of urea is mixed with soil or dispersed in the soil.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The aromatic carboxylic acid compound (1) is isophthalic acid or trimellitic acid. The substituted benzene compound (2) is of formula (5).R32,R34=R2, preferably H or carboxy.R32 and R23, R23 and R34 optionally combine together to form a ring. R32 and R34 are not carboxyl group simultaneously. Preferred Composition: The composition further contains cetane number improver and/or cleaning agent and additive chosen from solvent, antioxidant, metal deactivator, deicing agent, corrosion inhibitor, antistatic agent, coloring agent and/or antifoamer. Preferred Definitions:    R5,R6,R25,R26=H or 8-16C linear alkyl;    R21,R23=H;and    R22,R24=H or carboxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the apparatus, a combustion chamber of the thermal medium oil heating apparatus is heated by using an electrical heater with a thermal medium oil being stored in an outer surface of the combustion chamber, and a grate is engaged in a bottom of the combustion chamber, and a blower is provided.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The solid phase is subjected to aerobic material conversion for four times. The fermentation residue of the feces is added to biogas production. The solid phase is mixed with crushed organic, compostable, non-toxic substances with a particle size of 3 mm, before starting the material conversion process, where the carbon and nitrogen ratio is not less than 25:1. The conversion is carried out under the exclusion of UV radiation and/or weather conditions. Preferred Components: The amount of the dry matter is 31-45 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Cattle manure was separated into a liquid and solid phase, where the dry matter content of the solid phase was 31-45 wt.%. The solid phase was converted into a leased form with height of 0.90 m. The thermometer was inserted into the leased form to prevent early-onset of anaerobic processes. The leased form of solid phase was subjected to first aerobic phase, in which temperature was increased up to 80 degrees C and a chemical transformation was carried out by aerobic bacteria. Then the temperature was decreased to 70 degrees C. Again the solid phase was subjected to second phase of aerobic process at 80 degrees C and third phase in which a chemical transformation was carried out by fungus. After the completion of the aerobic conversion the resulting product was cooled to obtain corresponding sterile soil substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first adjustment tank comprises decomposition promotion agent addition apparatus. The decomposition promotion agent consists of one or more of enzyme, pro-oxidant and alkalis. The system provides nitrification and denitrification processing apparatus which carries out nitrifying and denitrifying process of the digested sludge extracted from the methane fermentation tank. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder comprises (pts.wt.) soapy clay (1-2), aluminum oxide (1-3) and calcium carbonate (0.5-2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-based insect aerosol further comprises (wt.%) synergistic agent (0.8-1.5) including 1-n-butyl-diazepan-2-one (13), 1-n-octyl-diazepan-2-one (52) and n-alkane (45). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus subtilis is solid and the number of effective bacteria is 20 billion/g. The Rhodopseudomonas palustris is liquid and the number of effective bacteria is 1 billion/ml. The denitrifying bacteria are solid and the number of effective bacteria is 20 billion/g. The yeast is solid and the number of effective bacteria is 1 billion/g. The Lactobacillus is solid and the number of effective bacteria is 2 billion/g. The EM bacteria are liquid and the number of effective bacteria is 2 billion/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further includes filling aquatic animal such as protozoa, metazoan, zooplankton, silver carp, or spotted silver carp; and planting aquatic plant such as submerged plant, floating plant, hygrophyte, or emerging plant, preferably hornwort, water lily, Pontederia cordata, or reed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The siccative is mixture of cobalt dry material, manganese dry material, and zinc dry material, at a weight ratio of 1:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The vegetable oil comprises tung oil, flax seed oil, Chinese tallowtree seed oil, mandarin oil, and terebinth. The vegetable wax is Brazil wax or candelilla wax, and the animal wax is bee wax. The co-solvent is propylene glycol methyl ether. The oil comprises antioxidant, preferably diacetylmonoxime, and stain-proofing agent, preferably cupric octoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The rosin resin is formed by processing glycerin resin and calcium rosin. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: An anti-acarid agent in anti-acarid masterbatch is a halogenophenoxy compound and Permanone(RTM: insect repellent). The polypropylene and anti-acarid masterbatch are present at 98-99:2-1 weight ratio. Preferred Process: The mixing and stirring steps are carried out at 250-280 degrees C. The melting step is carried out at 240-260 degrees C. The spinning step is carried out at 250-270 degrees C. A side blowing temperature is 18 plus minus 2 degrees C. A thermal pressing temperature is 140-180 degrees C. A linear pressure is 45-105 bar.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The melting index of polypropylene is 30-38 g/10 minute. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The magnetic nanometer material comprises ferrous oxide and ferric oxide magnetic nanometer grains.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: At least one carbon source comprises oil or an oil component. The composition further comprises one or more additional microorganisms. One or more additional microorganisms are capable of growing on oil under denitrifying conditions. One or more additional microorganisms comprises the bacterial isolate Pseudomonas stutzeri LH4:15 (ATCC No. PTA-8823). Preferred Method: In the method for improving oil recovery from an oil reservoir, oil recovery is improved by growth of bacterial isolate S. putrefaciens LH4:18 (ATCC No. PTA-8822) resulting in one or more of the following: (1) alteration of the permeability of the subterranean formation to improve water sweep efficiency; (2) production of biosurfactants which decrease surface and interfacial tensions; (3) mediation of changes in wettability; (4) production of polymers which facilitate mobility of petroleum; (5) generation of gases that increase formation pressure; and (6) reduction of oil viscosity. The gases of (5) comprise carbon dioxide (CO2). The method for promoting hydrocarbon bioremediation or oil pipeline maintenance further comprises applying one or more additional microorganism, where the one or more additional microorganisms comprises the bacterial isolate P. stutzeri LH4:15 (ATCC No. PTA-8823). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (wt.%): pentafluoroethane (18-21, preferably 18.5-20.5, especially 19-20), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (77.4-80.4, preferably 77.9-79.9, especially 78.4-79.4) and n-butane (1.2-1.9, preferably 1.3-1.8, especially 1.4-1.7); and additive (0.1-5). Preferred Components: The additive is selected from mineral oil and/or synthetic lubricant; or lubricant, dye, solubilizing agent, compatibilizer, stabilizer, tracer, perfluoropolyether, anti wear agent, extreme pressure agent, corrosion and oxidation inhibitor, metal surface deactivator, free radical scavenger, foam control agent, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, detergent and/or viscosity adjuster (preferably UV dye, solubilizing agent, compatibilizer, stabilizer, tracer, perfluoropolyether, functionalized perfluoropolyether, anti wear agent, extreme pressure agent, corrosion and oxidation inhibitor, metal surface deactivator, free radical scavenger, foam control agent, viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, detergent and/or viscosity adjuster). The lubricant is selected from mineral oil, alkylbenzene lubricant, polyalkylene glycol, polyol ester, and/or fluorinated oil. EXAMPLE - A composition comprising (wt.%): pentafluoroethane (19.5), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (78.9) and n-butane (1.6), was prepared. The obtained composition did not produce a flammable composition in vapor; and showed SAR Global warming potential value of 1600 (i.e. calculated as a weighted average from the data reported in the Second Assessment Report (1995) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (using a 100 year time horizon) for hydrofluorocarbons), and zero ozone depletion rating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, methyl ester of rapeseed oil or palm oil is used. Preferred Components: The bifunctional compound is amino alcohol. The amino alcohol comprises secondary amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The (meth)acrylic monomer is obtained from ester of plant or animal oil. The polymer comprises other (meth)acrylic monomer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - 3 microorganisms are specifically claimed, which are Acinetobacter sp. PSGB04 strain of deposition number (KACC 91365P), Pseudomonas sp. PRGB06 strain of deposition number (KACC 91362P) and Pseudomonas sp. PRGB11 strain of deposition number (KACC 91363P).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The duration of fermentation in (c) is 18-20 hours. The mode for removing part of moisture is insolating or drying. The dry rootstock of the alocasia is used as raw material. The dry material is obtained by smashing the fresh rootstock of the alocasia, and then drying to water content as not more than 15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The composition is an extract extracted using mixed solvents chosen from water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform and ether. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Antibacterial; Virucide; Fungicide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The vermin flavor is selected from Citronella flavor, Geranium flavor, pennyroyal flavor, Eucalyptus scent, rosemary flavor, sage flavor, peppermint flavor or lavender perfume. The insecticidal plant extract is selected from Capsicum annuum, garlic, zingiberis rhizoma extract, Brassica juncea, foeniculi fructus, star anise, caryophylli flos, cinnamomi cortex, Ginkgo folium or horseradish. ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent; Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microorganisms that can decompose organic waste, is chosen from Bacillus, Sulfolobus, Thermoplasma, Thermoproteus and Desulfurococcus. The microorganisms belonging to Meiothermus is Meiothermus sp. strain H328. The microorganisms is preferably Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis NTAP-1T. The method involves using acidic rhizoma phragmitis as base material with which the microorganisms are supported by the compost base material. The decomposition is performed at 30-70 degrees C in a reaction apparatus provided with stirring apparatus. The reaction apparatus is an organic refuse disposer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The composite fuel further comprises other appendant; where the other appendant is potassium permanganate and/or calcium oxide and/or carbon powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The setting and sand removing is carried out by removing the impurities of the sewage by a grid and a screening net to enter a three-hole parallel-serial sand settling tank so as to remove the sand and impurities of particle, which carries out the separation of the sand and impurities of particle from the water. The sand in the sand settling tank is cleared everyday. The sand and impurities of particle are fermented to feed the earthworm. The organic impurities held up by the grid and the screening net are timely cleared to be sent to the marsh gas tank to carry out the fermentation so as to produce marsh gas. The wastewater stayed for 4-11 hours, and the water surface of the sand settling tank is floated with hyacinth and waterplantain ottelia herb. When appropriate marsh liquid is added, it has the function of flocculation and settling, and promoting the growth of the hyacinth and waterplantain ottelia herb. The flocculation and settling are carried out by flocculation and settling of wastewater in the settling tank by marsh liquid, flocculating agent, and effective microorganism flocculating agent to remove the mud, 98% of solid substances and 95% of chemical oxygen demand. The mud in a first-grade settling tank is cleared once every 1-2 days; the mud in a second-grade settling tank is cleared once every 5 days; the mud is scraped by a machine; the mud is cleared by a pump; the water surface is floated with the vegetable, hyacinth and waterplantain ottelia herb for the urgent need; and the wastewater is stayed for 60-90 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M2) further involves recycling a portion of the produced ethanol to the treating step, where a portion of the ethanol is used to produce the alcohol/water co-solvent system. The method (M4) further involves fermenting the sugars to yield ethanol and recycling a portion of the ethanol to decrystallize the cellulosic material. The method (M5) involves hydrolyzing a cellulosic material to form glucose and residual cellulose to the beginning of a second kinetic hydrolysis step. The hydrolysis of step is accomplished with the enzymes. The method (M5) further involves fermenting the glucose and cello-oligodextrins to alcohols. Preferred Components: In the method (M1), the water-miscible solvent is a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol or a polyol. The water-miscible solvent is an organic polar solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is selected from helium, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide or methane includes 0-5% of oxygen. The inhibitor for methane producing microorganisms is selected between molybdate and azide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inhibitor for methane producing microorganisms is selected from 2-bromoethanesulfonic acidsodium salt (BESA), aminobenzoic acid or anthraquinone.
EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fluid: The hydrate working fluid is a mixed emulsion obtained by mixing oleic solution with aqueous solution containing tetrahydrofuran. The oleic solution is coal oil, diesel oil or silicone oil. The hydrate working fluid further contains surfactant and/or kinetic accelerator containing sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water content of biomass pyrolysis oil is 20-40 weight%. Preferred Components: The catalyst is phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, acid mesoporous molecular sieve or oxide solid acid. The acid mesoporous molecular sieve is sulfated zirconia-MCM-41, sulfated titania-MCM-41 or sulfated tin oxide-MCM-41. The oxide solid acid is sulfated zirconia, sulfated titania or sulfated tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low carbon alcohol is propanol, isopropanol or normal butanol. The cut fraction is low carbon alcohol that has not reacted completely.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary agent is obtained by reacting (in weight%) one of oleic acid, rap oil, linoleic acid, fatty acid ester and naphthenic acid (5-10), any one of octanol, decatyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isopropanol and normal butanol (5-10), any one of 12C hydrocarbon, triethanolamine, heavy benzol, Tween, chlorinated sodium cetyl sulfonate and ethylammonium nitrate, (0.01-0.2) and benzophenone (0.01-0.2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The combustible gas containing solid fuel comprises (in weight parts) sludge (300, preferably 250, 150 or 330), animal feces (400, preferably 380, 450 or 370), plant powder (300, preferably 370, 400 or 300). The odor removing agent (0.2) is added during winter and odor removing agent (0.6) is added during summer. The fermenting agent (0.2) is added during winter and the fermenting agent (0.1) is added during summer. The odor removing agent is obtained by soaking (in weight parts) wheat straw hood carbon (100) in water (25-30), adding potassium permanganate (50) and stirring the obtained mixture uniformly. The fermenting agent is obtained by mixing (in weight parts) powdered dry dairy manure (100) with liquid methane (50). The piling process is carried out for 4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is selected from Rhodospirillum or their mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
Preferred Definitions:    D raised to n-=CO32-, NO3-, Cl-, I-, OH- or H2PO4-;    M2+=Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Ca2+;and    M3+=Al3+, Fe3+.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The nitrogen-controlled culture medium comprises (per L) glucose (10 g), ammonium tartrate (0.2 g), phenylcarbinol (0.54 g), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2.56 g), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.71 g), vitamin B1 (0.001 g), and microelement liquid (70 mL).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The microelement liquid comprises (per L) acetic acid (0.6 g), manganese sulfate monohydrate (0.5 g), sodium chloride (1 g), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.1 g), cobalt chloride monohydrate (0.19 g), calcium chloride dihydrate (1.56 g), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.1 g), copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.1 g), potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (0.01 g), boric acid (0.01), and sodium molybdenum oxide dihydrate (0.01 g).
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The compounding ratio (in %) of the ashes of hen-droppings and calcium superphosphate are 50-70 and 30-50, respectively. The granular form is used because hypha of the fermentation microorganism coils around the ashes of hen-droppings. The fermentation microorganism is lactic acid bacteria. The compounding ratio (in %) of rice bran, fermentation microorganism, ashes of hen-droppings and calcium superphosphate is 10-30, 0.0035-3, 50-70 and 30-50, respectively. The pH is adjusted to 8-9 by adding calcium superphosphate. The pH at the time of completion of fermentation is 6.8-7. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal cations are chosen from iron, cobalt, titanium, manganese, nickel, zinc, gold, silver and copper. The clay mineral is smectite type clay mineral or vermiculite group clay mineral. The organic compound is an extract of the natural product containing caffeine. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antimicrobial; Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide. In a test for measuring suppression of strawberry blight microorganism, the clay mineral system antimicrobial substance including caffeine (800 ppm) suppressed strawberry blight microorganism to 100%.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water content rate of dewatered sludge is less than or equal to 80%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary materials comprise straw and sawdust. The ratio of dewatered sludge to auxiliary materials is 1:2 to 1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Materials: The fishery fertilizer comprises (wt.%) ferrous sulfate monohydrate (10-12), zinc sulfate monohydrate (12-15), manganese sulfate monohydrate (2-3), copper sulfate (13-15), lysine (10-12), methionine (20-22), vitamin A (0.5-0.8), vitamin D3 (0.05-0.06), vitamin E (1-1.2), vitamin K3 (0.05-0.06), vitamin B1 (0.05-0.06), vitamin B2 (0.10-0.15), vitamin B6 (0.10-0.15), vitamin B12 (0.05-0.06), nicotinic acid (0.8-0.9), pantothenic acid (0.4-0.5), folic acid (0.02-0.03), biotin (0.10-0.15), and glauber salt. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel additive comprises (wt.%) Al2O3 (22-28, preferably 25), Fe2O3 (17-28, preferably 20) and kaolin (44-61, preferably 55). Preferred Parameter: The Al2O3, Fe2O3 and kaolin are particles having grain diameter of 200-1250 mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The gasifying agent has a water vapor content of less than 5 vol.% and less than 5 vol.% of gas inactive to dimethylether synthesis, and consists only of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Gas-purification agent (A) is activated carbon. Preferred Conditions: The removal of tar, sulfur oxide, and/or nitrogen compound is carried out by a dry process. The gasification process is carried out at 800-1200 degrees C. The pressurized condition is 0.2-5 MPa. Carbon dioxide adsorbed by purification agent (B) is introduced into the gasification portion. Gas mixed in dimethylether synthesis is introduced into the gasification portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified absorbent is prepared by dipping absorbent in mixed soluble salt solution of anti-bacterial mildew-proof ion and exchanging ions. The absorbent is montmorillonite, bentonite, diatomite, active alumina, zeolite molecular sieve or zeolite. The anti-bacterial mildew-proof ion is silver ion (Ag+), zinc ion (Zn2+) or copper ion (Cu2+). The mixed soluble salt of the anti-bacterial mildew-proof ion is nitrate, sulfate or chloride of silver, copper or zinc. The photocatalyst comprises titanium oxide and ferric oxide having a mixing ratio of 1:0.1-10, a solid content of 0.5-5 pts.wt., and a particle size of 1-100 (preferably 5-50) nm. The adhesive film forming agent is sodium silicate and/or silicon aluminate. The dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate and/or sodium trimetaphosphate. The inorganic acid solution is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid solution having a pH value of 1.5-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-bacterial mildew-proof environment friendly spray-coating liquid comprises (wt.%) modified absorbent (1-10, preferably 2.1) comprising mixed soluble salt of anti-bacterial mildew-proof ion (2-15, preferably 9.1), nano photocatalyst (0.5-5, preferably 0.6); adhesive film forming agent (00.5-5, preferably 1.3); dispersant (0.1-2, preferably 0.3); and deionized water (balance). ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Composition: (I) comprises polyaminoborane and at least one inorganic oxidant comprising ammonium nitrate, alkali nitrate, alkaline earth nitrates, metal nitrates, metal oxides and/or oxidants of the dinitramine family. (I) comprises polyaminoborane and inorganic oxidant in a mass ratio of 1-5, preferably 1.5-4, is devoid of organic material, and is in the form of a grain, a pellet or a block. Preferred Components: The polyaminoborane is obtained by thermal decomposition of solid borane. The inorganic oxidant is ammonium, potassium, strontium nitrate, iron oxides, vanadium, magnesium, and/or dinitramine ammonium. The polyaminoborane and inorganic oxidant have at least 90 (preferably 100) mass% of the compound mass. Preferred Process: The process is implemented for feeding a proton exchange membrane fuel cells in hydrogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The clay mineral is smectite group clay mineral. The interlayer cation of clay mineral is sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic group is silyl group, alkyl silyl group and alkoxy silyl group. The organic compound has insect repelling function, anti-microorganism function, freshness maintenance function and aroma function, and is chosen from cinnamon oil, white thyme oil, clove bud oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lavender French oil, lemon grass oil, peppermint oil, bergamot oil, tea tree oil, geranium oil, citronella oil, rose oil, lemon oil, eucalyptus oil, oreganum oil, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, methyl salicylate, citral, allyl isothiocyanate, benzylisothiocyanate, phenylethyl isothiocyanate, linalool, menthol, geraniol, thymol, terpineol, hinokitiol and/or diethyltoluamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The saccharogenic amylase is removed and recovered by the ultrafiltration membrane and added to saccharification tank to recycle. The biomass residue is filtered and removed by nonwoven fabric with hole diameter of 20-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The viscosity of the composition in initial stage adhesiveness is 1000-10000 mPa.seconds at 20 degrees C. The viscosity of the composition in non-adhesive state is 1-1000 mPa.seconds at 20 degrees C. The propellant comprises liquefied petroleum gas and dimethyl ether (100:0-10:90 weight%). The volume ratio of undiluted solution and propellant are 96:4-70:30. The compounding ratio of surfactant in an undiluted solution is 0.4-40 weight%. ACTIVITY - Insect attractant. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The protein is bovine serum albumin or peptone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Every liter of trace element solution in nutrition fluid A or nutrition fluid B comprises (g) triglycolamic acid (1.5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (3), manganese sulfate dihydrate (0.5), sodium chloride (1), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.1), cobalt sulfate (0.1), calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1), zinc sulfate (0.1), copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.01), aluminum potassium sulfate (0.01), boric acid (0.01), sodium molybdate (0.01) and distilled water (balance), with pH value adjusted to 7 using potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The raised temperature is maintained, and biochemical reaction of the organic waste is continued. The processed organic waste is reacted in presence of oxygen and carbon monoxide generated by exothermic reaction, and amount of organic waste is reduced or the organic waste is carbonized. The oxygen is forcedly supplied to the inside of the organic waste by providing organic waste to a fine pressurization environment containing oxygen or injecting oxygen inside the organic waste directly. Preferred Properties: The temperature of the organic waste reacted in presence of oxygen and carbon monoxide is 55 degrees C or more. The moisture content of the livestock excretion and agricultural waste material is 80% or more. The moisture content of the foodstuff waste material is 40% or more. The fine pressurization environment has pressure of atmospheric pressure to 15 atmosphere. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the exothermic reaction environment is 50 ppm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The container is further equipped with a carbon monoxide densitometer and a thermometer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: When water is infused in the fermentation container, fermentation process is liquid fermentation and the hydrolyzed and fermented substance extracted in the digestion container is liquid and solid. When water is not infused in the fermentation container, hydrolysis fermentation process of biomass in the fermentation container is solid fermentation, and the hydrolyzed and fermented substance extracted in the digestion container is solid. The production of gas fuel includes sterilization including high temperature or gas explosion sterilization. The solid fermentation process comprises discharging hydrolyzed and fermented substance from fermentation container, crushing, extracting with solvent, putting in fermentation container, and transferring digestion container. The liquid fermentation process comprises separating liquid portion of hydrolyzed and fermented substance extracted from fermentation container and putting in digestion container, crushing the solid portion, extracting with solvent, putting in fermentation container, and transferring in digestion container. The fermentation includes addition of hydrolase (preferably cellulase, hemicellulase, protease and pectinase) in the fermentation container. Preferred Component: The gas collected from the fermentation container is infused in the digestion container, and is used for agitating the materials in the digestion container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The biomass is crop straw, domestic waste, sludge produced by sewage treatment plant, water or land plants, or waste slag containing plant fiber and food.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium comprises (wt.%) corn flour (12), peptone (3), glucose (10), and pure water (balance).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The functional gene segment comprises plasmid, base element, and other functional gene segment. The aerobic particle sludge is cultured by any stroma. Hybridizing outside a system (ectopic hybridizing) comprises: taking out the particle sludge from the reactor, hybridizing with gene donor bacterium, mixing the gene donor bacterium and particle sludge at a mass ratio of 1:10-1:2, hybridizing for 5-16 hours at 20-35 degrees C and 100-250 revolutions/minute (rpm), adding an amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources during the hybridizing process, and applying a certain amount of target pollutant as selection pressure. The enrichment culture of the hybridized particle comprises using mixed stroma waste water composing target pollutant and easy-degradable carbon source to culture the sludge, where 10-30 days are needed when culturing half-mature particle, and 5-15 days are needed when culturing mature particle, and obtaining aerobic particle sludge with target function.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ammonia removed by stripping is collected in an acid. The organic waste is heated at 85-120 degrees C in the processing tank in the presence of stirring, where a frictional heat is generated by the contact of organic waste, contact of organic waste with inner wall of processing tank or contact of organic waste with stirring unit. The processing tank is heated at 85-120 degrees C by heat exchange by hot water or water vapor. The processing tank is heated at 85-120 degrees C by supplying water vapor directly into the processing tank. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reforming catalyst is covered with zeolite membrane layer containing micro-pore zeolite of MFI, FAU or BEA series or mesoporous molecular sieve of MCM or SBA series. The surface of nickel base reforming catalyst is covered with silicalite-1 (Sil-1) zeolite membrane layer. The core shell catalyst is prepared by dipping alumina supporter into nickel solution to obtain nickel-aluminum oxide (Ni-Al2O3) reforming catalyst (10-20 wt.%) and igniting after drying, mixing materials at tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH):silicon dioxide (SiO2):water (H2O) mol ratio of 20-40:60-100:2500-3000 and performing hydrothermal synthesis to prepare Sil-1 zeolite inoculating crystal, covalently coupling Ni-Al2O3 catalyst with aminopropyl silane and putting couple carrier into Sil-1 inoculating crystal dispersion liquid to connect Si1-1 zeolite inoculating crystal to surface of carrier, mixing materials at TPAOH:SiO2:H2O mol ratio of 20-40:60-100:2500-3000, dipping Ni-Al2O3 catalyst of couple inoculating crystal, crystallizing in hydrothermal manner and generating core shell reforming catalyst, and igniting core shell reforming catalyst for 6 hours at 550 degrees C and removing TPAOH template agent. The application method further involves putting core shell catalyst in stainless steel reactor, putting inactive filling layer (20 wt.%) dipped by lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) (62 mol%) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) alkali (38 mol%) on catalyst bed layer, performing catalyst reaction by inletting hydrogen through system before reaction, detecting content of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) on line via gas chromatograph, and detecting alkali resistance and poison resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises (in weight%) 30% of hydrogen peroxide (0.2-0.5), cyclohexane (0.2-1), ferrocene (0.005-0.01), liquid paraffin (0.3-0.5) and ethanol (2-3). The liquid fuel comprises (in weight parts) methanol (70), water (10), turpentine (16), 30% of hydrogen peroxide (0.2), cyclohexane (0.5), ferrocene (0.005), liquid paraffin (0.495) and ethanol (2.8). Preferred Method: The method preferably involves dissolving (in kg) ferrocene (0.005) using ethanol (2.8), adding 30% of hydrogen peroxide (0.2), cyclohexane (0.5) and liquid paraffin (0.495) to prepare additive, adding methanol (70), water (10) and turpentine (16) into a mixer, then adding additive to the mixture and stirring for 40 minutes to obtain the liquid fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Ratio: The mass ratio of the active slurry, molasses, water, and mixed strain is 70:14:10:4. The mass ratio of Paenibacillus macerans, Bacillus megatherium, B. cereus, B. mucilaginosus, ray fungi, microzyme, and Lactobacillus 30:15:15:20:10:5:5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The special bacteria adding device is a mobile device, where the high pressure bacteria adding unit has measuring switch, high pressure bacteria adding unit and bacterial spraying head. The antiblocking unit is formed by setting an antiblocking pump in the bacterial spraying liquid pipeline. The dosing unit is provided with bacteria inlet device. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation method further involves performing an activation step between steps (e) and (f) after the carbonization, by introducing vapor and nitrogen into the heating furnace, and activating the coal for 0.5-4 hours at 750-950 degrees C. The flow rate of the vapor is 2-6 ml/minute and flow rate of the nitrogen is 100-400 ml/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil grains include soy bean, peanut, corn, castor-oil plant, sunflower or colza. The oil grains are initially processed to thin slices or particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The boiling point of solvent is 30-90 degrees C. The lower alcohol is alcohol with 1-4 carbon atoms. The other solvents are normal hexane and/or Sherwood oil. The lower alcohol is methanol and/or ethanol. The concentration of the solvent is 2-4 times with respect to the oil grains. The amount of sulfuric acid is 2-10% (preferably 2-5%) with respect to solvent. The solvent can be reused after the distillation of the monoester phase of rich fatty acid alkyl and glycerin. The sulfuric acid is concentrated sulfuric acid. The solid residue is filtered after reaction, and then static separation of the liquid are processed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloroethane, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and/or tetrahydrofuran. The base solution comprises triethylamine, diethylamine, ammonia, ammonia gas, pyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, morpholine, N-methyl morpholine, N,N-dimethyl aniline, and/or N,N-diethyl aniline. The acidic binder is pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide nanoparticles are cupric oxide, zinc oxide (both preferred), titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The product further comprises medetomidine. The compound bound to metal oxide nanoparticles is 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4-bromo-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole. ACTIVITY - Antifouling.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The combustible material is wood shavings, wood chips, palm kernel shells, olive residue, coffee grounds, peanut shells, rice hulls, coal dust, wheat hulls, or other grain hulls. The starting fuel is solid starting fuel or kindling, wax and sawdust fire starters, wood chips, newspaper balls, or potato chips.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zirconium oxide and cerium oxide are used as a mixed powder or as a co-precipitation. The steam/carbon molar ratio of water vapor to carbon atoms in prereformer is 1.8-5. The amount of the platinum is 0.1-5 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the catalyst, and the weight ratio of cerium oxide to zirconium oxide is 1:2-1:7. The catalyst is doped with 0.01-10 wt.% of at least one rare earth metal oxide, relative to the total weight of the catalyst. The catalyst additionally contains 3-20 wt.% of aluminum oxide, relative to the total weight of the catalyst. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The silicon adsorption agent is filled in adsorption columns (A,B), and biogas is circulated in the adsorption column by high pressure. The hydrogen sulfide adsorbs to the silicon adsorption agent. The hydrogen sulfide is removed from the silicon adsorption agent by low pressure and is discharged out of the adsorption column. The hydrogen sulfide in biogas is removed continuously by repeating adsorption and desorption process alternately in adsorption columns. The biogas is circulated in the adsorption column filled with silica adsorption agent and an adsorption agent for methane concentration.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The silicon adsorption agent is silicon adsorption agent synthesized without using a surfactant. Preferred Composition: The silicon adsorption agent contains silicon and oxygen (99.9 wt.%). Preferred Property: The silicon adsorption agent has total content of metal impurity of 50 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The AB2O7-type electrolyte is used as a target for manufacturing proton conductor. The physical vapor deposition is pulse laser deposition (PLD) method. The primary electrode contains hydrogen permeability metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The exothermic metal salt is alkaline earth metal, and/or magnesium salts, preferably magnesium sulfate and/or calcium chloride. The exothermic metal salt is present at 0.1-50 wt.% of the composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: hydrophilic silica and hydrophobic silica; and a foaming surfactant comprising non-ionic and ionic foaming surfactants, preferably anionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic foaming surfactant. Preferred Components: The propellant comprises 4-6C aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-butane and/or isobutane. The propellant is present at 1-20 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.% of the composition. The foaming surfactant is present at 0.1-20 wt.%, preferably 0.5-10 wt.% of the composition. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in %) of: polyethylene glycol-8 (64); glycerin (10); Aerosil R974 (RTM: Hydrophobic silica) (0.5); Aerosil 200 (RTM: Hydrophilic silica) (0.5); mixture of magnesium sulfate and water (98/2) (20); cocoamidopropyl betaine (5); and mixture of isobutane/butane/propane (56/24/20) (3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism does not show decomposability with respect to benzene. It is rhizosphere microorganisms of an aquatic plant. The aquatic plant is Lemnaceae plant. The Lemnaceae plant is Lemna paucicostata or Spirodela polyrrhiza. It is entrusted as acceptance number NITE P-523. Preferred Method: In decomposing the polycyclic aromatic compound, the process which the water or soil contaminated with the polycyclic aromatic compound which a hydroxyl group produces on an aromatic ring by cleavage reaction of the monocyclic aromatic compound or aromatic ring which has the Acinetobacter microorganisms and the hydroxyl group is made to contact. The purification method of the contaminated water or soil comprises decomposing the polycyclic aromatic compound which a hydroxyl group produces on an aromatic ring by cleavage reaction of a monocyclic aromatic compound or an aromatic ring which has a hydroxyl group contained in the contaminated water or soil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In eliminating scum, the microorganisms is B. licheniformis (acceptance number: FERM P-21488). The cause microorganisms of the scum generation are Gordonia amarae. It further comprises injecting an organic group to a waste water tank. The amount of antagonist microbes in the waste water tank is 102-109 CFU/ml. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fermentation period is 0.5-5 (preferably 1-3) days. The fermentation temperature is 20-45 degrees C, preferably 32-42 degrees C. The thermophilic treatment temperature is 50-70 degrees C, preferably 55-65 degrees C. The total treatment time of the thermophilic step is not less than, preferably not less than 25% of the time required under alternative 1 as defined by the US EPA in the principal biosolids guidance (EPA/625/R-92/013) for class A processes. The digester operates with a minimum retention time of at least 10 days in either the mesophilic or thermophilic mode. The dewatering step may be operated with either a centrifuge or a filter press. Preferred Components: The total volatile fatty acid concentration is preferably 3000-30000 (preferably 3500-15000) mg/l. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Sewage sludge stream was fermented at 37 degrees C in a plug flow reactor and the reactor was continuously operated under anaerobic conditions to give the fermented sludge comprising ammonia (1115 mg/l), acetic acid (3940 mg/l), propionic acid (3723 mg/l), 1-butyric acid (365 mg/l), N-butyric acid (1912 mg/l), 1-valeric acid (637 mg/l), N-valeric acid (855 mg/l) and total volatile fatty acids (11432 mg/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Material: The biogas residue is used as the base fertilize and the biogas liquid is utilized in fertilizing after planting the crop, where the weight ratio of biogas residue to biogas liquid is 1:1-4 (1:1-2). The weight ratio of biogas residue and biogas liquid in base fertilizer is 3:4. The weight ratio of base fertilizer and biogas liquid used after planting crop is 1:1-4 (preferably 7:8). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - Dosage of biogas residue is 600-4000 kg/(1/6) acres. Dosage of the base fertilizer is 600-4000 (preferably 3500) kg/(1/6) acres.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Component: The yacon residue is obtained after preparing a yacon juice or yacon vinegar, and has a water content of less than 8%.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The matter that is treated is fed from the tank into the first stripping tower without a chemical addition. The matter present in the stripping tower is circulated internally several times. The method involves raising pH in process tank upstream of the stripping tower by biological treatment to a value of not less than 8.5 (preferably 8.8-9) which is sufficient for removing some of the nitrogen. The number of stripping towers operating without a chemical addition is at least 3 prior to raising pH to a value of greater than 9 by a chemical addition. The method involves using at least one additional stripping tower (22), in which is conducted a chemical addition for raising the pH of a matter that is treated and fed in it to a pH value necessitated by the process. The matter that is returned into the first process tank is drawn in downstream of the stripping tower operating without a chemical addition. The pH-raising chemical is provided by using magnesium oxide (MgO) or calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, where the pH is raised to 9.5-10. The at least one stripping tower, operating without chemical addition, is positioned functionally at a location between two tanks. Preferred Apparatus: The stripping tower receives the matter directly from the tank without a chemical addition. The apparatus includes at least three process tanks, between two of which is functionally fitted at least one stripping tower operating without chemical addition. The return units are adapted to return a matter coming out of the stripping tower operating without chemical addition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The means for harnessing renewable energy comprise photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon dioxide is removed from the air by means of chemical extraction or physical extraction, which is pressurization followed by expansion, the use of molecular sieves using temperature or electrical swing absorption, molecular membranes, and cryogenic separation. The hydrogenation step directly converts carbon dioxide to a hydrocarbon. The carbon dioxide is first converted into carbon monoxide or methanol that is then further hydrogenated to a hydrocarbon. Preferred Components: The chemical extraction uses one or more of chemicals such as active agents sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate hydrate, potassium carbonate solution, calcium hydroxide solution, methyldiethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine and triethanolamine. The hydrocarbon produced has a chain length of 2-30C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst contains finely dispersed platinum, and consists of cobalt, nickel, copper/zinc, iron/chromium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium and gold optionally in combination with platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The educt gases containing hydrocarbon consist of methane, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel or alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Apparatus: The pyrolysis gas flow path from the combustion tube (26, 30) into the space runs outside the combustion tube and pyrolysis tube (12). The combustion tube communicates with the flue gas channel (54) via its material outlet opening. The flue gas is heated on its path from the combustion tube to the annular space, specifically by a burner (60). The radial outer wall of the annular space has openings connecting the space with the flue gas channel. The pyrolysis tube is sealed in gas-tight manner from the combustion tube, specifically by a cylinder coaxial with the pyrolysis tube, such that a helical transporting fin supported on the internal casing surface of the pyrolysis tube lies on the exterior of the cylinder, the spacing between two coils of the helical fin being grreater than one whole coil (especially two whole coils) in the axial region of the cylinder.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The liquid fertilizer is applied by spraying. When used as nutrient liquid on soilless culture vegetable, the liquid fertilizer is diluted 500-1000 times. The leaf vegetable with short growth period only needs to change nutrient liquid once in the growth period; or according to the growth condition of plant, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is added without changing nutrient liquid. For melon and fruit, the nutrient liquid is changed every 15-20 days in the growth period and every 7-15 days in the life process. When used as foliar fertilizer, the liquid fertilizer is diluted 1000-2000 times and is sprayed in several times in small quantity during the vigorous growth. (all claimed)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcareous material comprises (mass%) shell powder (80-85) and weathered coal (15-20). Preferred Method: The granular calcareous material is prepared by:(A) pre-treating dried oyster shell powder and weathered coal, crushing, and screening through 80-mesh screen;(B) uniformly mixing shell powder and weathered coal;(C) conveying the mixture (40-60 mass%) to a granulating disc and pelletizing at 30-45 rpm, spraying with water intermittently sphere kernels are formed, continuously adding the remaining materials so that the sphere kernels gradually grow to grains with a size of 1-3.5 mm, controlling pelletizing time at 15-25 minutes, and controlling water content of semifinished product at 4-5%;(D) directly drying the pelletized material for treating abortive grain or drying in a drying machine at 80-100 degrees C until the final water content is less than or equal to 2.5%; and(E) screening the dried materials through screen cloth so that the grain size of finished product is 1-3.5 mm. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methane catalyst comprises alumina (70-80%), nickel oxide (12-20%), lanthanum (0.5-5%), cerium (0.1-5%), calcium (0.1-3%), sodium (0.1-1%), and barium (0.01-1%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methanol vent gas is introduced in internal management hot-cold tube heat transfer reactor filled with methane catalyst to react. The concentration of CO+CO2 in the outlet of methane reactor is controlled at less than 0.5%. Methane is cooled down through vapor generator, where by-product is vapor. The preliminary cooled methane is further cooled down, where by-product is superheated water. The refrigerated gas is processed in circulating gas pre-heater to heat transport with cold circulating gas. The refrigerated methane product passes the final cooler for final temperature reduction; and the product passes a water extractor for water removal. The methane product removed with water is divided into 2 parts, where one part is applied directly as material for producing compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas, and the other part is to be recycled for easing the temperature rise in the methanation reaction. The method comprises sulfur-proof transformation process comprising adjusting the ratio of H2 to CO or CO+CO2; theoretically, adjusting H2/CO to 2/1 to produce methanol; adjusting H2/CO to 3/1 to produce methane; and in actual, choosing the range according to the required ratio of two products, where when H2/CO is 2/1-3/1, it enters the decarburization process. Preferred Component: The material synthesis gas comes from coal gas, natural gas, coke oven gas, or petroleum product. Preferred Parameter: The methane reaction system has a pressure of 1.0-31.4 MPa, temperature of 200-700 degrees C, and air velocity of 6000-12500/hour. The gas pressure of synthesized methane is at 1.0-31.4 MPa according to market requirement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises:(A) performing sulfur-tolerant transformation on coal-derived synthesis gas, cooling with ammonia cooler, separating condensed liquid, feeding gas into decarbonization and desulfurization tower rinsed with methanol at low temperature, removing acidic gas in tower and synthesizing methane;(B) performing primary desulfurization on methanol purge gas or coal-derived synthesis gas, transforming, decarbonizing, performing fine desulfurization, and feeding into cold pipe heat exchange type reactor with internal heating supply filled with methane synthesis catalyst; or(C) performing desulfurization on coal-derived synthesis gas, supplementing with hydrogen (H2) until reaching amount required by carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in methanation, or supplementing directly with CO2 if having excess amount of H2 based on CO and CO2 requirement in methanation to consume excess H2 and synthesizing methane gas.The method further comprises cooling methane product through steam generator obtaining by-product steam, cooling through hot water super-heater producing by-product of overheated hot water, cooling through terminal cooler, dehydrating through water separator, circulating part of dehydrated product for slowing temperature raise in methanation reaction and utilizing other part directly as raw material to produce clean energy compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG). Preferred Condition: The methanation reaction is carried out at 200-700 degrees C, 1.0-31.4 MPa, air speed of 6000-12500/hour and CO and CO2 output concentration of below 0.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is antioxidant 501 or dimethyl phenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The block-shaped industrial biomass fuel additive comprises (wt.%) aluminum oxide (Al2O3, 20-30), ferric oxide (Fe2O3, 15-30) and kaolin (40-65).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred System: The fuel cell system has a water vapor coagulator (32) containing a hygroscopic substance provided between several films having different water vapor permeability. The hygroscopic substance is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium polyacrylate or poly glutamic acid. The hydrogen producing material is packaged by polymer film which permeates water vapor in air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises: a water source in communication with the mixer, the separator, or both; a gas stream source in communication with the mixer; a pump for pumping water from the water source to the mixer; and a pump for pumping slurry from the hydrate reactor to the separator. The mixer comprises: a mixing chamber; a gas stream inlet for supplying a gas stream to the mixing chamber; a water inlet for supplying water to the mixing chamber; a gas/water outlet for removing the gas/water mixture from the mixing chamber; a mixing element for mixing the gas stream and water in the mixing chamber to form a gas/water mixture; and a chiller for cooling the water entering the mixer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (b1) is performed at a temperature of -50 to 0 degrees C or -20 to 10 degrees C and at a pressure of 10-60 (preferably 5-40) atms. The step (d1) is performed at a temperature of 0 degrees C, and at a pressure of atmospheric pressure or above. In the step (b1), the water comprises a promoter. Preferred Components: The promoter is tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane or sodium lauryl sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The filtration of raw material or esterification of raw material is performed before trans-esterification process. The esterification of raw material involves forming reaction mixture containing ester mixing oil formed by esterifying fatty acid in raw material with lower alkyl alcohol using cation exchange resin. The fatty acid generated while decomposing soap using an acid is recycled to the esterification process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The self-adhesive mass is (meth)acrylate, synthetic rubber and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The permeable vessel is gel bead or slab. The entrapped metal particles are silver, palladium, platinum, copper, nickel, lead, antimony, iron (preferred), zinc, aluminum, magnesium gallium, calcium, and/or sodium or metal alloys. Preferred Properties: The entrapped metal particles are of mesh size of 2500-4, preferably 2500-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The acid is flowed over the permeable vessel or degassed prior to permeating the permeable vessel. The second and third steps are carried out in anaerobic conditions or temperature-controlled environment. The first step includes providing permeable vessel containing entrapped metal particles in a reactor, separating metal particles from permeable vessel for subsequent reuse of hydrogen production. Preferred Parameters: The method is carried out at 80 degrees C and neutral pH. Preferred Components: The acid is mixture of gluconic acid (preferred), ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, carboxylic acid, or their precursor. The vessel comprises propylene glycol alginate, sodium alginate, bone gelatin, guar gum, gum arabic, carrageenan, pectin, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, deacylated chitin, and/or cellulose; and entrapped metal particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The permeable vessel is made of alginate, gelatin, gum, polysaccharide, heteropolysaccharide, or resin. Preferred Properties: The gel bead has diameter of 0.2-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The ethanol fermenting microorganism is separated and removed using microfiltration membrane. The saccharogenic amylase is separated and removed using ultrafiltration membrane. The biomass residue separated and removed by filtration using nonwoven fabric having hole diameter of 20-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal supported by regular-mesoporous porous component is platinum, palladium, rhodium and/or rhenium. The structure of regular-mesoporous porous component comprises silica as main component. The regular-mesoporous porous component has aperture diameter of 1.4-10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The 2C or more oxygen-containing hydrocarbon is ethanol. The modification of oxygen-containing hydrocarbon is carried out by performing steam reforming, self-thermal reforming or partial oxidation reforming.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The concentrated fertilizer further comprises (pts.wt.) zeolite powder (0.1-4), diatomite (0.1-4), and bentonite (0.1-3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The potassium salt includes monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and/or potassium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The hydroxyl cellulose is hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydroxymethyl cellulose. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: The method for preparing the long-acting self-polishing antifouling paint comprises completely dissolving resin acrylate in mixed solvent, sufficiently dissolving, orderly adding the composite antifouling agent, pigment, filling material and anti-settling agent, agitating and dispersing at high speed, dispersing at high speed once more after grinding, detecting viscosity and fineness, and obtaining paint. Preferred Composition: Preferably, the long-acting self-polishing antifouling paint comprises (pts.wt.) zinc acrylate (20-40); composite antifouling agent (15-30); pigment comprising talcum powder (5-10) and zinc oxide (8-15); mixed solvent comprising dimethylbenzene (10-20) and butyl acetate (3-5); dispersing agent comprising methoxyl ester propyl acetate solution (0.2-0.5); and anti-settling agent comprising organic bentonite (2-4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: After hydrogen-introducing step, the pressure is controlled at 4.0-7.0 MPa, and the reaction is carried out at 200-260 degrees C, where flow speed of hydrogen is controlled at 100-500 ml/minute. The platinum-loaded catalyst is prepared by drying 20-100 mesh granulated molecular sieve HZSM-5 as carrier of catalyst at 100-120 degrees C for 8-10 hours; dipping molecular sieve in saturated citric acid, oxalic acid or lactic acid for 2 hours and drying; computing required quantity of chloroplatinic acid based on mass ratio of platinum and carrier of catalyst, that is 0.5-2%, coating chloroplatinic acid on dried carrier, drying and baking; and reducing product to obtain platinum-loaded catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monoester is 8C fatty monohydric alcohol or 8C monovalent fatty acid. The monoester is ester of n-octyl alcohol and 2-ethylhexoic acid. Preferred Composition: The refrigerating machine oil further comprises 0.01-1 mass% compound having epoxy loop or acid scavenging agent formed by carbodiimide compound, 1-100 mass ppm metal passivant with azimino-benzene structure, 0.01-1 mass% oil agent with more than 2 hydroxide radicals, and greater than or equal to 1-100 mass ppm silicon oil containing polyalkylene glycol, ester or defoaming agent of silicon fluoride oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The refrigerating machine oil further comprises polyalcohol ester. The polyalcohol ester is polyalcohol esters such as 2-ethylhexoic acid and/or 3,5,5-trimethylacetic acid, 5-10C neopentyl polyalcohol, polyalcohol ester di(2-ethylhexoate), or pentaerythritol tri(2-ethylhexoate). Preferred Composition: The refrigerating machine oil comprises 75-95 (preferably 25-40) mass% monoester and 5-25 (preferably 60-75) mass% polyalcohol ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The biodesulfurization column is heated using the heat generated from the compressor. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the sewage gas is measured to maintain a predetermined concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the mixed gas supplied to the biodesulfurization column. The quantity of oxygen-containing gas supplied from an oxygen-containing gas supply unit is controlled with respect to measured concentration of the hydrogen sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The de-sulfuring apparatus of sewage gas further has a recovering unit to recover heat generated from the compressor, a heat retention unit to heat the biodesulfurization column using the heat generated from the compressor, a hydrogen-sulfide densitometer (2) to measure concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the sewage gas to maintain predetermined concentration of hydrogen sulfide in mixed gas supplied to the biodesulfurization column, and a control unit to control the quantity of oxygen-containing gas supplied from oxygen-containing gas supply unit with respect to measured concentration of the hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biocatalyst is enzymes, whole cells or permeabilized cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The preparation of membrane is effected by spreading on a smooth flat surface preferably glass at a temperature below 37 degrees C for 5-30 hours. Preferred Components: In the process, the acetic acid is present at a concentration of 0.5-2%. EXAMPLE - 400 mg Enzyme lipase protein was suspended in 2 ml of 0.05M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing calcium chloride. To the protein suspension, 98 ml of 3% chitosan solution prepared in 1% acetic acid was slowly added with stirring. The protein chitosan suspension was evenly spread using a glass rod to the outside border of the glass plate and allowed to air dry. The air dried membrane was peeled off and washed repeatedly (three times) with 0.1M potassium phosphate to remove acetic acid completely. The reaction mixture was incubated with the enzyme preparation for 3 hours at 37 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali catalyst is selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or hydroxy iron containing alkali base material. The metal powder is selected from aluminum, magnesium, silicon or zinc in granular state.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The hydrogen activation catalyst is catalyst containing precious metal element. Preferred Metal: The metal generating atomic hydrogen is calcium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Alternately, residue containing polyphenol group substance or phenol group substance produced during removal of cellulose component from waste material, solvent, hydrogen activation catalyst and metal are mixed. A chemical material obtained from liquid fuel or fossil resources is replaced for solvent having hydrogen supply ability. Hydrogen is added to joint chain between components of polyphenol or phenol group substance, and the chain is parted and rendered low molecular weight. The polyphenol or phenol group substance is processed at normal temperature. A phenol derivative is introduced into lignin, and lignophenol is produced. Preferred Solvent: The solvent having hydrogen supply ability is alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Oils: The edible oil is selected from soybean oil, palm oil or corn oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The impurities include free fatty acid, conjugated material or oxidative products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil is animal fat and/or vegetable fat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The emulsifier comprises lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers. The lipophilic emulsifier is sorbitan ester of fatty acid. The cosurfactant is straight chain alcohol of formula: n-CH3(CH2)xOH. The oxidation and corrosion inhibitor is tert-butyl phenol (preferably 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone) or its derivatives (preferably pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) or phosphorous acid tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) ester). The heat value improving agent is ether compounds of formula: R-0-R', preferably dimethyl ether, diethyl ether or methyl ethyl ether.x=1-5;R,R'= not greater than 4C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydrophilic emulsifier is polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, dodecylbenzene sulfonate and/or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a pre-ensiled plant material, where the composition comprises from about 101 to about 1010 viable organisms of the Lactobacillus buchneri strain or its functional mutant per gram of the pre-ensiled plant material. Preferred Method: In the method above, the ferulate esterase containing composition added to the silage is an effective catalytic amount of the ferulate esterase producing Lactobacillus strain or functional mutant thereof to treat the silage. The Lactobacillus strain or its functional mutant is Lactobacillus buckneri strain or its functional mutant. Preferably, the Lactobacillus buchneri or its functional mutant is selected from Lactobacillus buchneri, strain LN4017, deposited under PTA-6138; Lactobacillus buchneri, strain LN4888, deposited under NRRL 13-30866; and its mixtures. The Lactobacillus buchneri or its functional mutant comprises from about 101 to about 1010 viable organisms of the Lactobacillus buchneri or its functional mutant per gram of the silage. The method further comprises preventing aerobic deterioration of the plant silage, where the plant silage is selected from grasses, maize, alfalfa, wheat, legumes, sorghum, sunflower, barley and its mixtures. Specifically, the biogas produced is methane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction mixture is heated to 210-250 degrees C, where the reaction mixture has a pH of 3-7 (preferably 5-7). In the process, an acid is further added to the reaction mixture prior to or during step (i). The step (ii) is carried out at 140-220 (preferably 170-210) degrees C. The temperature in step (i) is above the temperature in step (ii). The process further comprises separating the reaction mixture obtained in step (ii) into a solid phase of the coal-like material, and a liquid phase. The liquid phase obtained in the separation step is oxidized to obtain an oxidized liquid phase. The oxidation is carried out by contacting the liquid phase with an oxygen-containing gas (preferably air). The optionally oxidized, liquid phase is recycled to step (i) and/or (ii). Preferred Components: The polymerization initiator is oxygen, peroxides, azo compounds or redox initiators. The amount of the polymerization initiator is 0.01-2 (preferably 0.05-0.2)wt.%, in terms of the reaction mixture. EXAMPLE - Glucose (60 g) was dissolved in water (24 g), and citric acid was added to adjust the pH to 5. A 40 ml stainless steel autoclave was charged with the mixture and heated to 230 degrees C for 5 minutes. After cooling, the autoclave was opened and benzoyl peroxide (30 mg) was added under stirring. Then, the autoclave was sealed and heated to 180 degrees C. After 90 minutes, the reaction was terminated by quenching. Hydrothermal coal (2.9 g) containing carbon (64%) was obtained. The calorific value of the coal was 26 kJ/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material includes carbon, copper and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cosolvent comprises (wt.%) petroleum ether (0.1-5), dimethoxymethane (0.1-5), octane (0.1-5), toluene (0.1-5), diethyl carbonate (0.1-5), isooctane (0.1-5), 2-ethylenedioxy ethyl acetate (0.1-5), dibutylester phosphate (0.1-5), ethyl acetate (0.1-5), 3-dihydroxybutane (0.1-5), ether (0.1-5), isopropyl ether (0.1-5), ethylacetone (0.1-5), benzyl alcohol (0.1-5), isobutyl alcohol (0.1-5), 501 antioxidant (0.1-5), di(tert-butyl alcohol) (0.1-5), and ethanol (0.1-5). The modified compounding agent comprises tert-butyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol at ratio of 1:3-3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The drying or heat-drying of dechlorinated organic waste is performed using combustion exhaust gas and heat-exchanged thermal medium such as superheated steam. The moisture content of high-water-content organic waste is 60 mass% or more. The dry dechlorinated organic waste is subjected to grinding process and/or pulverization. The biomass fuel has average particle diameter of 10 mm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The permeation gas of secondary concentration apparatus and impervious gas of recovery equipment are refluxed to the introduction side of primary concentration apparatus. The area of separation membrane of primary and secondary concentration apparatus is same. The area of separation membrane of recovery equipment is less than the area of separation membrane of primary concentration apparatus. The addition unit of fuel gas manufacturing apparatus adds high-heating-value gas with respect to biogas in the upstream of pressure rise unit which increases the pressure of gas introduced into primary concentration apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The liquid manure has a greater weight-portion at the beginning of production. The peat is air-dry peat. The liquid manure is reduced into hollow spaces of peat by heat and/or with suction element. The peat is crushed in mills and preferably sieved to obtain various fractions. In the method, the carbon: nitrogen ratio is preferably not lower than 18:1. The temperature in the production of fertilizers is preferably not higher than 55 degrees C or less. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Peat (30 parts) and liquid manure (70 parts), whose carbon:nitrogen ratio was 18-25:1, were mixed at less than 55 degrees C to give a fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metals comprise cobalt, nickel, tungsten and iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The multilevel molecular distillation comprises primarily treating crude product at 100-120 degrees C under 5000-10 Pa, degassing to separate out methanol or ethanol, and reusing methanol or ethanol after recycling; secondarily treating crude product at 120-300 degrees C under 100-50 Pa and purifying biodiesel oil containing fatty acid methyl or ethyl; and tertiary treating crude product at 200-300 degrees C under 50-1 Pa, and decoloring to separate out side products including fatty acid monoglyceride (greater than 90%). The third step comprises degassing at 60-100 degrees C under 5000-100 Pa, separating out methanol or ethanol, controlling temperature at 100-120 degrees C under 2000-100 Pa, and separating out side products by degassing at 110-120 degrees C under 50-1 Pa. The second step comprises adding p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphorous acid, o-phosphoric acid, sulfanilic acid or composite catalyst comprising the acid(s) into pretreated oil to react at 65-120 degrees C until the acidic value is not reduced; adding methanol or ethanol saturated solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to infuse methanol or ethanol vapor at 65-120 degrees C until the acidic value is 0.5; roughly separating ester-exchanged reactant, and adding saturated saltwater, standing and dividing into layers or separating by using high speed centrifuge. The pretreatment step comprises mixing and dissolving certain amount of 98% sulfuric acid, plant oil, animal oil or waste edible oil, and benzene at 60-80 degrees C; refluxing and separating water, standing and dividing into layers; and collecting supernatant, continuously heating at 65-85 degrees C, slowly dropping 98% sulfuric acid until the acidic value is not reduced and reacting.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The preparation of biodiesel comprises mixing methanol and oil from barbados nut, Chinese tallow tree and semen euphorbiae, henbane oil and acidified oil, standing until oil phase reached 0.1-8.0 mg KOH/g acid value, and separating methanol phase and oil phase; decompressing and distilling methanol phase to reclaim methanol, catalyzing obtained distillate and methanol, and esterifying using homogeneous catalyst or solid-phase catalyst to obtain biodiesel. When homogenous catalyst is used, methanol is reclaimed by decompressing and distilling methanol phase, standing distillate to obtain glycerin, washing glycerin, decompressing, distilling and drying to obtain biodiesel. When solid-phase catalyst is used, methanol is reclaimed by filtering, decompressing and distilling methanol phase, and standing distillate. Preferred Condition: The extraction is carried out at 10-35 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of methanol and oil is 0.5-3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active promoter contains metallic element chosen from magnesium, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, selenium, molybdenum, aluminum, tungsten, calcium and/or boron. The active promoter is composite of inorganic compound or composite of bio-derived organic molecule or inorganic compound, and bio affinity organic molecule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar group is phosphoric acid group, sulfate group and/or carboxyl group. The active promoter is organic compound, polysaccharide, phosphorus compound and/or nitrogen compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The holder has granule shape, cylindrical shape, plate-shape and/or honeycomb structure. The holder is swollen material comprising the polymeric absorber having three-dimensional network structure and which absorbs the volatile organic material. The three-dimensional network structure is based on the cross-linked structure formed of chemical bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond and/or coordinate bond. The polymeric absorber comprises hydrophobic organic molecule and hydrophilic organic molecule. A portion of the main structure in the polymeric absorber comprises polystyrene, polyoctadecyl acrylate, polyethyleneglycol, cyclodextrin, polymethylacrylate, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, polyethylene, polyester, vinyl resin, alkyd resin, cellulose, aliphatic hydrocarbon resin, natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber or wax. The polymeric absorber has a polar group and the active promoter is fixed in the absorber through the polar group. The holder further has a porous material comprising micropores, mesopores and/or macropores.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of ball milling the first and second materials is prior to the step of combining the first and second materials. The first and second materials are milled to a particle size of 50-100 nanometers. Preferred Components: The first material is lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride and/or potassium borohydride. The metal chloride is magnesium dichloride, calcium dichloride, strontium dichloride, barium trichloride, zirconium tetrachloride and/or titanium trichloride. The metal hydride is magnesium hydride, calcium hydride, titanium hydride and/or zirconium hydride. The metal aluminum hydride is lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride or magnesium aluminum hydride. EXAMPLE - Lithium borohydride was combined with magnesium dichloride (0.3 molar) and titanium chloride (0.2 molar), and were collectively ball milled to form a reduced particle size and bring a homogeneous mixing of the materials. The resulting mixture was sintered at 300 degrees C at 100 bar hydrogen atmosphere such that the hydrogen pressure was greater than the decomposition pressure of lithium borohydride at the reaction temperature. The resulting sintered block of partially substituted material was crushed and ball milled to achieve a final average particle size of 20-100 nanometers or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen storage and releasing compound consists of lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon and/or phosphorus. The support comprises mesoporous silica and carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The liquid-gas separation membrane is made of a material comprising polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises platinum and/or rhenium. The catalyst further comprises a reducible metal oxide selected from oxides of at least one titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, niobium (Nb), Mo, tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), W, lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), cerium (Ce) or europium (Eu). The catalyst is disposed on a support. The support is selected from silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, ceria, vanadia, carbon, heteropolyacids, silica-alumina, silica nitride and/or boron nitride; zeolites, nanoporous carbon, nanotubes, or fullerenes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves treating the support with an acid or a base, where surface chemistry of the support is modified to alter its acidic or basic properties. The method involves reacting the aqueous solution at 400-1000 K, at a pressure of from atmospheric to 50 bar, and over a catalyst, where the organic phase yielded by the reaction comprises 4-6C compounds selected from alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and 5- and 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles; subjecting the organic phase to a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction, in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst, to yield 8-12C compounds; subjecting the 8-12C compounds to a hydrodeoxygenation reaction to yield 8-12C alkanes. The method involves subjecting the organic phase to an aldol condensation reaction to yield compounds having more carbon atoms than the reactant; hydrogenating the organic phase, where ketones present in the organic phase are reduced to alcohols; converting the alcohols to aromatic compounds, or dehydrating the alcohols to yield alkenes; and subjecting the alkenes to an alkylation reaction over an acid catalyst to form carbon-carbon bonds, to yield longer chain alkenes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The separation step produces hydrogen product stream (2-4 standard cubic feet) and carbon dioxide product stream (0.7-0.9 standard cubic feet) for every standard cubic foot of the gaseous hydrocarbon feed stream. The sequestration step is enhanced oil recovery. The method further comprises utilizing a portion of the separated hydrogen as a separate fuel product. Preferred Condition: The hydrogen-enriched fuel gas has a hydrogen concentration of 5-30 mol%. Approximately 1-11% of the gaseous hydrocarbon feed stream is processed. The total volume of the gaseous hydrocarbon feed stream is 100-4500 million standard cubic feet per day, and 10-500 million standard cubic feet per day of the gaseous hydrocarbon feed stream is processed. Preferred Solvent: The carbon dioxide recovery solvent is normal-butane or a mixture of normal-butane and iso-butane. Preferred Function: The carbon dioxide recovery solvent separates the carbon dioxide from the hydrogen at a pressure of 200-500 psig. Preferred Material: The gaseous hydrocarbon feed stream is pipeline quality natural gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicate melt comprises 40-80 wt.% of silicon oxide, and a mixture (5-60 wt.%) of calcium oxide, iron oxide and alkaline oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Contents: The additive comprises (pts. wt.) cosolvent (20-40), distillation range regulator (40-60), kinetic condition energizer (5-10), combustion accelerator (0.01-0.2), low-temperature initiator (1-5), anticorrosive and anti-swelling agent (0.4-1), antioxidant (0.05-0.1), and release agent (5-19).The cosolvent comprises (pts.wt.) iso-octanol (10-30) and isobutyl alcohol (5-20), and distillation range regulator is 190# solvent oil (20-40 pts.wt.).The kinetic condition energizer comprises (pts.wt.) coal oil (15-55), hydrazine hydrate (3-8.5), phenylhydrazine (0.001-0.005), vegetable oil (15-23), formic acid (8-12), nitric acid (3-5), isooctanoic acid (2-5), diformamide (0.07-0.1), tetrahydrofuran (1.5-3), and 8-oxyquinoline (1.5-3); combustion accelerant comprises (pts.wt.) zinc (0.01-0.1); low-temperature initiator is petroleum ether (2-10 pts. wt.); and anticorrosive and anti-swelling agent comprises (pts. wt.) 2.6 substituted zinc phosphate (0.12-0.36) and amine sulfonates (0.3-1).Preferred Method: The methanol-based clean fuel is prepared by adding additive into pipeline of gasoline component oil, mixing using homemade homogenizer, introducing into pipeline of methanol, and mixing by the homemade homogenizer to obtain methanol-based clean fuel capable of replacing gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The pouring of composite material comprises directly and uniformly dispersing composite material into water body, where the pouring quantity is 10-30 times that of biodegradable organic carbon on base mud of the water body with upper part thickness of 10 cm; and mixing or burying at weight ratio of composite material to garbage of 1: 100-1000 when the composite material is applied in garbage burying square, or burying laminated garbage in covering layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material rich in sulfate comprises natural gypsum ore, hard gypsum ore or industrial waste dregs which take gypsum as main ingredient. The sulfate radical is present at not less than 10 wt.%. The iron content of raw materials rich in sulfate and ferric oxide or hydroxide is 5 wt.%. The raw materials rich in iron comprises limonite ore, hematite ore, sulfuric acid burning dregs or clay material with iron content of more than 7 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves depositing catalyst particles consisting of platinum and copper by irradiating electron beam on the support. Preferred Condition: The quantity of electron beam irradiated to unit time is 0.01-10 kGy/second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The metal substrate is stainless steel substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The copper precursor and zinc precursor are acetate acetylacetonyl and/or nitrate. Preferred Agent: The reducing agent is hydrazine and/or sodium borohydride. Preferred Condition: The heat processing is carried out at 50-100 degrees C for 30-120 minutes, by spraying warm air, and joined component is heated. Preferred Method: The heat generating material (11) is provided at outer wall surface of joined component. Electricity is supplied to heat generating material, and heat processing is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The carbon dioxide is produced within the third fermentation tank and is collected prior to the fourth fermentation tank. The carbon dioxide is not supplied to the fourth fermentation tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The process further comprises providing a mixer. The first fermentation tank, the second fermentation tank, the third fermentation tank and the fourth fermentation tank maintain a temperature of 10-80 (preferably 36.5 plus minus 0.1) degrees C. Preferred Components: The first fermentation tank, the second fermentation tank, the third fermentation tank and the fourth fermentation tank are comprised of a fixed bed fermentor configuration.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The glycerol is mixed with an acid prior to supplying the glycerol to the first fermentation tank, where the glycerol has a pH of 4-10 (preferably 7.35 plus minus 0.1). The fermenting steps are comprised of an enzymatic fermentation process or a liquid to liquid fermentation process. The process includes many pumps to ensure the process travels in a forward direction from providing the glycerol to the collecting the ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The rare earth oxide is Ln2O3 or cerium oxide (Ce2O3). The silicon carbide carrier comprises silicon carbide with high area ratio, biomass silicon carbide, and silicon carbide foam ceramic material. The biomass silicon carbide is silicon carbide material with millet, sorghum, or tree trunk. The silicon carbide foam ceramic material is honeycomb-shaped silicon carbide material with opening. The silicon carbide carrier is silicon carbide with high area ratio or biomass silicon carbide. The nickel salt is nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, or nickel acetate. The cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, or cobalt acetate. The iron salt is iron nitrate, iron sulfate, or iron acetate. The rare earth metal salt is lanthanum nitrate, cerous nitrate, cerium nitrate, lanthanum hydrochloride, cerous hydrochloride, lanthanum acetate, or cerium acetate. The molybdenum salt is ammonium dimolybdate, molybdenum nitrate, or molybdenum acetate. Preferred Parameter: The surface area of silicon carbide with high area ratio is 20-200 m2/g. The reaction temperature is 200-400 degrees C; and the reaction pressure is 10-30 barometric pressure. The molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is 2-2.7; and the air velocity is 3000-10000/hour. Preferred Method: The method comprises preparing cobalt salt, nickel salt, and iron salt, rare earth metal salt, and molybdenum salt; adjusting the pH of the mixed solution of cobalt salt, nickel salt, and iron salt and rare earth metal salt or molybdenum salt and rare earth metal salt by ammonia until the pH is more than 8 to form sol; soaking the blocky silicon carbide carrier in sol; drying at 40-100 degrees C; and roasting at 300-600 degrees C to obtain the methane catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises using ignition heating heat-conducting oil furnace having wood or weeds, adding sludge to blade type stirring drier at 270 degrees C, carbonizing sludge to manufacture carbon ball, and using carbon ball to maintain normal production of heat-conducting oil furnace; discharging fume from opening place of sludge inlet to discharge high-temperature fume pass through wet sludge, drying sludge, purifying fume, and discharging fume after water spray treatment; splitting produced carbon, making one part return to feed port to mix with sludge to increase permeability and dry sludge quickly, and using other part to manufacture carbon ball; providing carbon ball to heat-conducting oil furnace for burning; and discharging fume from opening place of sludge inlet, discharging fume after water spray treatment, and recycling the deposition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lacquer solvent comprises (wt.%) industrial standard methyl tert-butyl ether (50-85, preferably 70),GB7814-87 isopropanol (12-30, preferably 20) and industrial standard dimethoxymethane (3-20, preferably 10). The additive composition comprises (wt.%) fatty acid methyl ester (5-10, preferably 10), corrosion inhibitor (BR-7063) (5-15, preferably 10), swelling inhibitor (BR-7064) (5-15, preferably 10), petrol detergent (T-151) (5-30, preferably 8) and mixed dimethylbenzene (30-80, preferably 62). The fuel comprises (wt.%) petrol (55), industrial methanol (15), lacquer solvent (30) and additive composition (1000 ppm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base fertilizer is one or several kinds of urea, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and ammonium phosphate. Preferred Conditions: The drying temperature in the granulation and drying machine is 150-180 degrees C. The pressure of the slurry is 1.2-1.5 Mpa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The corm, stem or fruit of banana or plantain is preferably used as the raw material. The corm of banana is fresh or dry corm. The method preferably involves crushing fresh or dry corm or stem of banana or plantain, pulping the crushed material, hydrolyzing the pulp by adding amylase, filtering the hydrolyzate, taking sugar juice and fermenting by adding yeast, distilling the fermented material, and then dehydrating to obtain ethanol. The dry corm of banana or plantain is obtained by crushing the fresh corm of banana or plantain, drying the crushed material such that the water content is not greater than 24%, and storing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The urea is used in the early-stage culture. The algae used in the early-stage are chlorella. Preferred Process: The method also comprises dehydrating the microalgae culture in the stable period by a dehydrator before the oil induction. For the early-stage culture, culture conditions are as follows: temperature 20-30 degrees C, pH 7.5-10, amount of carbon dioxide 2 L/day, mean illumination time 9 hours/day, and illumination intensity 100-1200 uE/m2/second. Preferred Parameter: The volume of the industrial wastewater to the culture is 1:800 in the oil reduction process.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The straw is corn straw, wheat straw, rice, sorghum stalk, or Spartina alterniflora. Preferred Method: Crushing comprises forming 2-3 cm long straw. Steam explosion comprises pressure of 1.0-2.0 (preferably 1.5) MPa for 60-120 (preferably 90) seconds. The total solid content when anaerobic fermentation is performed is 4-8%. The inoculation solution is 20-40%. Fermentation temperature is 35-55 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The P. hydridum is crushed to 2.0-4.0 cm. The anaerobic reactor is a single-phase or two-phase reactor. When the daily gas product is lower than 30% of average of daily gas product, the reaction is finished. Preferred Materials: The inoculum is self-anaerobic digesting sludge, old biogas sludge, contaminated river mud, or fresh dairy manure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fluid is a liquid suspension of biomass containing an algal biomass or algal suspension. The algae of the algal biomass are oil producing algae that is able to convert carbon dioxide to oil. The algae include Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Spirulina, Botryococcus, Nannochloris, or Nannochloropsis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The algal suspension has a dissolved carbon dioxide concentration of 0-5 wt.%. The carbon dioxide is derived from an industrial process, a commercial process, or from combustion of a fuel or carbon containing material or in which the carbon dioxide is pulled directly from the environment, atmosphere, or air.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oil produced by the algae is intracellular oil and is in the form of lipids including triglycerides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: There are four extruders, which are mounted at the bottom of bracket, one end of closed-type packing tube is equipped with the fourth motor, and is connected with the upper feeding opening, and the other end is connected with the tempering device equipped with the sixth motor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feed gas is mash gas, stove gas, coke-oven gas, pyrolysis gas or purged gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The preparation of diesel fuel comprises mixing pine root oil with 95% methanol at a weight ratio of 1:0.05-0.25 in closed tempering tank to obtain homogeneous transparent liquid, filtering, mixing filtrate with petroleum ether at a weight ratio of 1:0.01-0.2, adding antiknock agent (1-3 wt.%), stabilizer (0.5-2 wt.%) and lubricant (2-4 wt.%), mechanically mixing for 15-20 minutes until completely dissolved, filtering, and filling in tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The waste motor-vehicle shredder dust has gross calorific value of 4500 kcal/kg or more and chlorine content of 3 mass% or less. The injection quantity of waste motor-vehicle shredder dust into the cement pyroprocess is 1.5 kg/1 ton of cement throughput or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The multi-catalyst carrier is coconut husk activated carbon or activated alumina, its activated constituent is Cu and manganese (Mn) whose former-to-later mol ratio is 1:1 and its assisting activated constituent is cesium oxide (CeO2). The coagulating medicine is poly-alumina or poly-iron-sulfate, the amount of the coagulating medicine is 200-500 mg/l. The assisting coagulating agent is polyacrylamide, the dosage of the assisting coagulating agent is 0.5-1 mg/l. The catalyst is stannous octoate, dicaprylate-dibutyltin, Dibutyltin diacetate, triethylene diamine, tri-ethanol amine, ethanol amine, dimethyl cyclohexyl amine or dimethyl benzylamine. The foaming agent is water and one of fluoro-trichloromethane, bifluoro-dichloromethane or methylene dichloride. The foam stabilizer is silicon-organic foam stabilizer. Preferred Composition: The filter is high-elasticity porous polyurethane filler which comprises constituents as follows: 50-100 pts.wt. of polyester polylol or polyether polylol, 0.1-60 pts.wt. of polymerized polylol, 80-100 pts.wt. of iso-ethylene rhodanate, 1-10 pts.wt. of water, 0.1-1.0 part of catalyst, 0.1-40 pts.wt. of foaming agent and 0.1-6 pts.wt. of foam stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal gas comprises (vol.%) carbon monoxide (CO) (20-60), carbon dioxide (CO2) (1-25), hydrogen (H2) (10-50), nitrogen (N2) (0.1-30), methane (CH4) (0.0-1), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (0-3) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) (0-0.5). The gasification agent is oxygen or oxygen-enriched air with 50-100% oxygen content; and additive is naphthalene sulfonate, polycarboxylate and/or lignin-sulfonate. Preferred Contents: The coal comprises 97-100 wt.% solid in alcohol waste liquor coal pulp. The ratio of alcohol waste liquor coal pulp to gasification agent is 0.6-2.5 kg of alcohol waste liquor coal pulp/1 m3 of gasification agent in standard state. Preferred Method: The alcohol waste liquor includes waste liquor discharged from alcohol production processes using molasses, broomcorn, potato, wheat or corn as raw materials separately or more of waste liquors, with water ratio of waste liquor at 90-99.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The micro alga is fresh-water micro alga, brine micro alga or seawater micro alga as Chrysophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyceae, cyanobacteria or Rhodophyta, preferably Spirulina, Botryococcus braunii, Chlorella vulgaris, sochrysidales 3011 or Pavlova viridis. The disinfectant is ozone, chlorine dioxide or ultraviolet ray. The neutralizing agent is sodium thiosulfate. The ecologic substrate is fabric with high specific surface area, preferably Aquamats(RTM: polyethylene mesh substrate) ecologic substrate. Preferred Condition: The aerating mode is falling water aeration or aeration in flow pushing aerator or microporous aeration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The evaporated washed solid residue (18) is neutralized before hydrolyzing enzymatically. The method further comprises fermenting sugars to convert to ethanol and recovering ethanol. Preferred Condition: The lignocellulose containing solid biomass is contacted with cooking liquid comprising spent washing liquid and spent cooking liquid at 100-150 (preferably 105-130) degrees C. The pretreated solid residue is washed with washing liquid comprising (vol.%) formic acid (40-80), acetic acid (8-50, preferably 10-40) and water (5-35, preferably 10-25) at ambient temperature to 80 (preferably 20-50) degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The element (M) is element of 8 group of periodic table, preferably cobalt and nickel. The molar ratio of cobalt with respect to silicon is 0.09-0.19, and nickel with respect to silicon is 0.07-0.14.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder comprises calcium silicate, silica, calcium oxide, powdered sodium silicate, bismuth, bismuth alloy, paraffin or thermoplastic. The heat exchange fluid comprises water and silicon. The alkali metal comprises lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium or francium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises acetone, ketone, ester, terpene or aldehyde. The heat exchange fluid comprises ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol solution or oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel solution comprises an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride. The metal is cobalt, nickel, platinum and ruthenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is Group III-A and/or II-B elements. The metal is aluminum (preferred), indium, gallium or zinc. The metal is in a microscopic form or a macroscopic form. (I) is a chloroaluminate ionic liquid. Preferred Process: (I) has been deactivated by the conjunct polymers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The regeneration zone contains an inert hydrocarbon in which conjunct polymers are soluble.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert hydrocarbon is normal hydrocarbons of 5-15C or their mixtures. (I) comprises an imidazolium, pyridinium, phosphonium and/or tetralkylammonium derivative. EXAMPLE - An autoclave was charged with used (deactivated) butylpyridinium chloroaluminate ionic liquid (51 g) containing conjunct polymers (12.4 wt.%, 6.32 g), hexane (65 ml), and aluminum powder (8 g). The autoclave was pressurized to 500 psi of hydrogen gas and heated to 100 degrees C, while stirring with an overheated stirrer at 1200 rpm. The pressure was kept at around 550 psi by continuously reintroducing hydrogen gas. The reaction was allowed to run for 1.5 hours at the above conditions. The reaction was cooled down, and the reaction mixture was separated in the glove box where the organic layer was removed by decantation. The ionic liquid-aluminum residue was rinsed with 2 x 50 ml anhydrous hexane. The hexane layers were all combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Filtration and concentration of the dried hexane rinses gave 6.3 g, and 99.7% of the conjunct polymers as pale yellow oils. The ionic liquid catalyst was separated from aluminum by filtration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The ion and electrolytic ion are chloride, fluorine ion, bromine ion, iodine ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, lithium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, ammonium ion, ferric ion, chloride ion, sulfide ion, sulfate ion and carbonate ion. Preferred Property: The gas-hydrate has decomposition suppression concentration of 1-1000 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (wt.%) refrigerant agent R-125 (65-75, preferably 70, especially 68, particularly 67); refrigerant agent R-152a (15-30, preferably 24, especially 20, particularly 15); a refrigerant agent (2-10) selected from a first group of R-227ea (7, preferably 5) and/or R-134a (15); another refrigerant agent (0-4) selected from a second group consisting of DME (3) and/or R-290. EXAMPLE - A composition comprising (wt.%): pentafluoroethane (R-125) (70), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a) (20), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea) (7) and dimethyl ether (3) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: Alternatively, the composition is for preventing Myzus persicae disease, comprises essential oils selected bitter orange, black pepper, celery seed, house wood, marjoram and riddle frame. Also, the essential oil comprises one or more compounds selected from 1,3-benzodioxol (benzodioxole), camphene, camphor, linalool, 1-octanol and the alpha-pinene ( alpha -pinene). In a second alternative case, the composition is for preventing Plutella xylostella disease, comprises essential oils selected leek leaf oil, cedar leaf oil, coriander, eucalyptus, house wood, raven tert, riddle frame, neroli oil, pennyroyal, peppermint, rosemary and sage. The essential oil further comprises one or more compounds selected from borneol, camphene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, rho-cymene, linalool, alpha -pinene, terpinol (terpineol) and alpha + beta -thujone. In a third alternative case, the composition is for preventing mulberry thrips disease or infection, comprises essential oils selected from basil, cedar leaf, coriander, cypress, eucalyptus, hyssop, mace, marjoram, riddle frame, neroli, pennyroyal, rosemary, sage, sassafras and wintergreen. In a fourth alternative case, the composition is for preventing Rhizoctonia solani disease or infection, comprises one or more essential oils selected from basil, and pennyroyal and torrential rain draw. ACTIVITY - Antiallergic; Acaricide; Fungicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The preservative comprises sodium salicylate, butyl hydroxybenzoate, sodium benzoate and/or potassium sorbate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises phenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether-formaldehyde condensate, calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkyl sulfonate or sulfate, modified trioxysilane polyether, sodium phenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate or phosphate and/or sorbierite polyoxyethylene ether. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The diffluent nickel salt is nitrate, chloride, or sulfate. The diffluent iron salt is nitrate, chloride, or sulfate. Attapulgite content in attapulgite clay is not less than 60 mass%; and dolomite content is not greater than 10 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: Nickel and iron in nanocomposite material are at not greater than 10 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The shell further equipped with nickel-chromium or nickel-silicon thermocouple sensor internally.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filter is a plate-frame filter used in the prior technology or vacuum filter. The obtained filter slag is water-insoluble substance in the fermentation industrial waste liquid. The filter slag contains lot of over sized fiber as protein complementary feed of the ruminant. The liquid-solid separation adopts the normal plate-frame filter to carry out filter-pressing or uses vacuum filter to carry out filtration. Preferred Method: The vaporization and condensation of filter liquid are carried out at normal pressure or 0.02-.06 MPa of positive pressure by the normal vaporizer. The vaporization and crystallization of condensed liquid are carried out at normal pressure, or -0.02-0.05 MPa of negative pressure by the normal vacuum vaporization and crystallization. The secondary vaporization and crystallization are carried out at normal pressure or -0.04-0.06 MPa of negative pressure by the normal vacuum vaporization and crystallization. The liquid-solid separation adopts the normal centrifugal separator to carry out centrifugal separation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ratio: The charging mole ratio of fatty acid to thionyl chloride to alcohol is 1:1.2:1.2. Preferred Conditions: The reaction temperature is at 30 degrees C. The fatty acid is reacted with thionyl chloride for 2 hours. The alcohol is added to react for 1 hour. Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol or butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The briquette composition comprises (wt.%) biomass fuel (60-85), blind coal (12-35) and water glass adhesive (3-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises structural units derived from: an 3-40C aromatic monomer having a functionality of two, where the 3-40C aromatic monomer has a structure of formula (II); and a polyamine compound of formula ((R3-NH)c-R2-NH-R4), preferably 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, piperazine, 4-aminomethylpiperidine, 1,4-phenylenediamine, 1,3-phenylene diamine, or a combination of two or more. (I) has a molecular weight of 250-200000 g/mol.R1 = H, halo, NO2, CN, 1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloaliphatic radical or 3-20C aromatic radical;R2-R4 = H, 1-20C aliphatic radical, 3-20C cycloaliphatic radical or 3-20C aromatic radical;c = 1-10; anda = 1-4.Preferred Components: The porous support material is a polyolefin, a polysulfone, a polyether, a polysulfonamide, a polyamine, a polysulfide or a melamine polymer. The membrane has a salt rejection percentage of greater than 75%. The membrane blocks a flow of ions to it, where the ions comprise metal ions. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1 = trivalent phenyl moiety or trivalent naphthyl moiety;    n = 1; and    m = 2.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The use of 6 compounds (I) is disclosed e.g. 5-isocyanato-benzene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride of formula (AA), 7-isocyanato-naphthalene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride, 6-isocyanato-benzene-1,3,5-trisulfonyl dichloride, 6-isocyanato-benzene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride and 6-isocyanato-anthracene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microorganisms are aerobic, anaerobic and facultative microorganisms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Contents: The glyphosate mother liquor comprises 0-0.1 wt.% formaldehyde. The formaldehyde solution comprises 0-0.1 wt.% glyphosate. Preferred Component: The membrane separating device is ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane and/or pervaporation membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preparation: The method for preparing the microbiological fertilizer comprises: (a) preparing seed liquid: preparing culture medium by mixing 0.1-10% of carbon source and 0.1-3% of nitrogen source; sterilizing, cooling, inoculating lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus; controlling temperature to 25-37 degrees C; culturing for 24-72 hours; preparing compound seed liquid of the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus; and (b) fermenting: pumping the blood wastewater into the fermentation device; sterilizing, inoculating compound seed liquid of the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus; fermenting and culturing at 25-37 degrees C, and obtaining the microbiological fertilizer. Preferred Process: The fertilizer is obtained by using lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus to ferment the blood wastewater as raw material. Preferred Components: The lactic acid bacterium is Lactobacillus. The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus cereus. The carbon source is glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, molasses, brown sugar, dextrine, or starch. The nitrogen source is peptone, yeast extract, yeast powder, beef extract, albumen powders, ammonium salt, or nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifier comprises nonylphenol ethoxylate, alcohol ethoxylate, 100#, 300#, 500#, 600#, 700#, BY (or EL), 2000#, 1600#, Penetrant T(RTM: sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate), 600# plus phosphorus pentoxide to form phosphate, nonylphenol ethoxylate plus phosphorus pentoxide to form phosphate and/or Ci-acid ester. The antifreezing agent comprises glycol, propanetriol, isopropanol and/or butanol. The antifoaming agent is organic silicon. The solvent comprises ethanol, ethanol, cyclohexanone, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or aromatic hydrocarbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickening agent comprises magnesium aluminum silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, sour mash whiskey, polyacrylic acid and/or xanthan gum. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: The method for preparing the microecological preparation for animals comprises: (a) preparation of seed liquid: preparing culture medium by mixing 0.1-10% of carbon source and 0.1-3% of nitrogen source; inoculating active yeast, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus after sterilizing and cooling; controlling the temperature at 25-37 degrees C; processing aerated culture intermittently for 24-72 hours to prepare composite seed liquid of yeast, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus; (b) fermenting: pumping the blood wastewater in a fermenting device, sterilizing, inoculating in composite seed liquid of yeast, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus with fermenting volume of 0.1-20%; fermenting at 25-38 degrees C; and obtaining the mature fermentation liquor that is the microecological preparation for animals. Preferred Components: The carbon source is glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, molasses, brown sugar, dextrine, or starch. The nitrogen source is peptone, yeast extract, yeast powder, beef extract, albumen powder, bean cake powder, peanut cake powder, ammonium salt, or nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cobalt ion (Co2+) and nickel ion (Ni2+) are used in wastewater. The amount of nitrogen added in the wastewater is 0.5-2 kg/m3 based on nitrogen element; and the amount of phosphorus is 0.1-0.8 kg/m3 based on phosphorus element. The amount of Co2+ added in the wastewater is 1-5 g/m3; and the amount of Ni2+ is 1-5 g/m3. The content of the wastewater from production of dextran in the fermentation process is 1-5% of the volume of the marsh gas fermentation cylinder each day. Preferred Conditions: The temperature in the marsh gas fermentation cylinder is 25-55 degrees C; and the pH is 6.8-7.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The Bacillus is Bacillus cereus or Bacillus licheniformis The acid is selected from phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid; the alkali is selected from calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and ammonia. Preferred Method: Treating penicillin waste water residue further comprises: preparing strain: culture medium: nutrient broth culture medium or replacing beef extract in the culture medium by yeast extract; culturing at 25-37 degrees C by blowing air after inoculating bacillus for 8-24 hours to obtain seed solution; fermenting: inputting 0.2-10% of seed solution in the penicillin waste water residue; aerobically culturing for 8-24 hours by controlling the temperature at 25-37 degrees C; testing penicillin remaining charge during the culturing process; stopping fermenting when testing that there is no penicillin remaining charge; solid-liquid separating: adjusting pH of fermentation liquor to 9-12 by using alkali; heating it to 50-100 degrees C; adjusting pH to 6-9.5 by without adding or adding acid; keeping temperature and putting aside after stirring equably; solid-liquid separating, the separated solid phase is remaining charge removed penicillin dregs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cascade separation process comprises performing organic film separation process; separating out penetration gas containing propane and sending this to the mixture preparation device or to a low pressure fuel gas system of a refinery or a steel plant to combust; and recovering non-penetration gas comprising hydrogen and methane. The organic film separation process comprises greater than or equal to 2 organic film separators which are combined in series or in parallel; and the separation of second stage is executed on the material gas. The cascade separation process further comprises performing a polyester film separation process or high pressure hydrogen absorption and refining process to the non-penetration gas to obtain high-purity hydrogen. The hydrogen is reduced through a throttle expansion valve. The obtained low temperature hydrogen is sent to purification process to have heat change with material gas; and the material gas can obtain low temperature energy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The anaerobic bacteria-containing sludge is obtained by mixing anaerobic sludge in garbage filtrate treatment plant and river stream bottom mud according to a ratio of 3:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The anaerobic traverse baffle reactor has a length of 40 cm, width of 14 cm, height of 30 cm, height of 27.5 cm, and volume of 15.4 L. The reactor is divided into four chambers, where the width ratio of up and down flow directions in each chamber is 5:1, and corner of the traverse baffle is 45 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plant straws are corn straws, reed straws, cattail straws, Canna straws, wheat straws or rice straws. The organic carbon source can be a combination composed of 10-50% of the branches, 20-60% of the reed straws and 10-30% of the corn straws; a combination composed of 10-50% wood powder, 20-60% of the cattail straws and 10-30% of the corn straws; or a combination composed of 10-50% of the branches, 20-60% of the Canna straws and 10-30% of the reed straws. The compensation amount of the carbon source is 0.40-4.0 kg/m2. Preferred Method: The organic carbon source is directly added to the filler of the constructed wetland. If the form of the nitrogen (N) in the inlet water mainly is nitrate-N (NO3-N), the plant material is directly added to the surface layer of the filler of the constructed wetland or the inlet water part. If the form of N in the inlet water mainly is NH4+N, the plant material is added to the position where it is 20-40 cm away from the surface layer of the filler or the filler at the inlet water part. After the plant organic carbon source is added, the constructed wetland is operated according to the original operation mode. Preferred Parameters: The organic carbon source is cut to be granules with the grain diameter equal to that of the filler, or the grain diameter is less than 10 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The basidiomycetes comprises Echinodotium, Irpex, Trichaptum, Armillariella, Stereum, Hygrophorus, Trametes, Ganoderma, Polyporus, Pleurotus, Phellinus, Auricularia, Polyporellus, Lentinus, Poria, Dictyophora, Fomitopsis, or Agaricus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Preparing the phase transfer carrier comprises inoculating the basidiomycetes solid strain to the agricultural waste residue at a weight ratio of 1:4-1:9, where the ratio of the residual material liquid is 1:2-1:5, agitating, and treating for 6-15 days at room temperature. The phase transferring method comprises adding 0.2-0.5% phase transfer carrier to the wastewater, uniformly mixing, where the temperature is at 10-40 degrees C for 0.5-4 hours. The phase transfer carrier regeneration is carried out by adding 3-10 wt.% fresh agricultural waste residue to the phase transfer carrier, and agitating, where the temperature is controlled at 15-40 degrees C for 4-9 days. Continuously treating the organic wastewater pollutant is carried out dividing the phase transfer carrier to batches, and finishing the regeneration of the phase transfer carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The main organic pollutant of the wastewater comprises aromatic and heterocyclic organic substances. The agricultural waste residue comprises machining waste chips of crops and economic crops straw, cirrus or fruit shell, wood or bamboo, or machining residue of vegetable food or drug.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The additive is citric acid, ammonium citrate and/or sulfuric acid. The nitrogen material is ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or urea. The phosphorus material is diammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate. The potassium material is potassium sulfate. The microelement is borax, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and ammonium molybdate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the method above, the produced commercial organic fertilizer enters the commercial channel for circulation trade; the produced livestock manure organic fertilizer is directly applied to the agriculture; the application method adopts method for mixing organic and inorganic fertilizers; the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are mixed according to 3:1 of the total nitrogen amount; and the amount of the pure nitrogen is 200 kg/hour-m2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The pit is built using cement, brick or stone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The clear water tank is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic having high corrosion resistance.
ACTIVITY - Nematocide; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Anion in the solution is hydroxide and enters the anode chamber from the cathode chamber through the solid anion conductive polymer film to react with alcohol to generate carbon dioxide and water. Water in the cathode chamber is reduced into hydrogen. Preferred Components: The anode comprises a conductive collector electrode and an anode catalyst. The anode catalyst is palladium (Pd), Pd-gold (Pd-Au), platinum-ruthenium (Pt-Ru), Pd-modified nickel (Ni), and/or Pt-modified Ni catalyst. The cathode comprises a conductive collector electrode and a cathode catalyst. The cathode catalyst is Ni, Ni-cobalt (Ni-Co), Co-iron (Co-Fe), Pd-Ni-Co, and/or Pt-Co-Fe catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture of alcohol and water is alkaline solution. The alcohol is methanol and/or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid anion conductive polymer film prevents alcohol from permeating. The polymer film is polyether sulfone-polyvinyl pyrrolidone compound film or polyvinyl quat. amine film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing copper-2-mercaptobenzothiazole with specific crystal comprises adding 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and bivalent copper salt to organic solvent in the mol ratio of 1.8-2.8:1 to react for 0.5-3 hours at 20-80 degrees C, then separating, washing and drying it orderly after the reaction finishes to obtain copper-2-mercaptobenzothiazole with specific crystal form; and said organic solvent is aqueous solution of methanol or ethanol. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant; Antibacterial; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluting agent or cosolvent S is cyclohexanone or tributyl citrate, or their mixture at a mass ratio of 24/7-24/6, preferably mixture of cyclohexanone and tributyl citrate at mass ratio of 9/1. The additive is octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The additive A is polyvinylpyrrolidone, or polyethyleneglycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Volume ratio of Strychnos nux-vomica powder and ethanol is 1:4, preferably 1:6. The ethanol organic solvent can be substituted by chloroform, sherwood oil at 30-90 degrees C, ether, n-hexane, cyclohexene, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, or cyclohexanone. The Strychnos nux-vomica can be substituted by Dictamnus dasycarpus. ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The esterification reaction is carried out at a temperature of 200-350 degrees C and pressure of atmospheric pressure to 10 bar, and the metal catalyst is used so that the amount of metal in the catalyst is 30-200 ppm with respect to the fatty acid. Preferred Components: The metal catalyst is a compound containing metal selected from cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc, titanium, antimony, germanium, zirconium and/or lead. The metal catalyst is selected from cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, zinc acetate, iron acetate, germanium dioxide and/or tetrabutyl titanate. The metal catalyst is added to the esterification reaction in the form of alcohol solution. EXAMPLE - The esterification reaction was carried out by two-step reaction using two reactors. Firstly, the first reactor was controlled to temperature of 300 degrees C and pressure of 3 bar. Fatty acid (1 kg) distillate, which was obtained by distilling crude palm oil, and methanol (1 kg) containing cobalt acetate (0.2 g), were continuously introduced into the reactor at a retention time of 1 hour. And reactant of the first reactor was continuously introduced into second reactor. Then, the temperature of the second reactor was maintained to be same with that of the first reactor, and the pressure was reduced to atmospheric pressure, and retention time of the reaction in the second reactor was 1 hour. For the reaction in the second reactor, methanol (2 kg) was divided by 3 and each divided part was continuously introduced into the compartments. The conversion ratio for fatty acid methyl ester was 99.7%. The total termination time of the reaction was reduced to 50% of the reaction time without catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The lactic acid bacteria may survive by pH 3.0 (NITE P-509 or NITE P-510). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - The lactic acid bacteria were grown under Miyazaki Prefecture, and a potato was used as the raw material, and the lactic acid bacteria was isolated from the potato silage. Moreover, 25 g of taro silage and 225 ml of triton 0.05% liquids were collected to the plastic bag to be placed in the stomach, and this liquid was diluted further up to 108 times. This diluted liquid was coated to the Lactobacilli de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar medium, and cultivated at 30 degrees C with the anaerobic culture jar for 72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metal is cobalt, nickel, iron and tungsten. Preferred Method: The passing step is performed while contacting the biogas and the liquid petroleum fraction with transition metals in metallic form. Preferred Condition: The passing step is performed at 100-250, preferably 150-300 degrees C, and 1-2 atm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid petroleum fraction is mineral oil, diesel oil, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, or gasoline. EXAMPLE - A catalyst material was prepared by placing aluminum wire, cobalt wire (an alloy containing approximately 50% cobalt, 10% nickel, 20% chromium, 15% tungsten, 1.5% manganese, and 2.5% iron), nickel wire, tungsten wire, and cast iron granules between two pads of steel wool. The material was placed in a reaction vessel over a perforated aluminum plate, and the vessel was charged with heavy mineral oil, submerging the catalyst material. The vessel contents were then heated to approximately 320-370 degrees F, and hydrogen gas was bubbled through the vessel at a continuous rate of 60-80 ft3/hour (measured at approximately 25 degrees C), while the reactor was maintained at approximately 115 KPa. The reaction was continued for 5 hours, after which time the reaction medium had reduced in volume from 3 to 2 pts.vol., and had produced 2.5 pts.vol. condensed product. The product was fed to an Infrared Oil Heater where it burned readily in air. An attempt to use the liquid reaction medium at the start of the test (mineral oil) in the same oil heater was made, and the result was negative, i.e. the medium would not burn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compost: In the compost, the bacteria constantly existed in a compost material like the conventional compost in the raw state. By the time it reaches full maturity, it carries out addition fermentation and builds the Shirakami bacterium at a higher concentration, where the maturity of the compost can be shortened by half or less and no longer requires secondary fermentation. It has 60-70% water content compared with conventional compost, and it can be perfected as solid compost. Fermentation by the Shirakami bacterium is more efficient if an organic matter exists, preferably by 80-90% or more and a water content of 60-70%. Both the compost, liquid fertilizer, and fermentation water that were fermented by the Shirakami bacterium were manufactured as an organic fertilizer, being not only effective but they are a compost (organic fertilizer) which makes possible agricultural output of an organic fertilizer with no agrochemicals, which can perform pathogenic microbe extermination an also prevention of the spread of a bacteria-caused disease caused by biological pesticide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metals comprise cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and iron. Preferred Condition: The passing step is performed at 100-250, preferably 150-200 degrees C and 1-2 atm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid petroleum fraction is mineral oil, diesel oil, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, or gasoline. EXAMPLE - A catalyst material was prepared by placing aluminum wire, cobalt wire (an alloy containing approximately 50% cobalt, 10% nickel, 20% chromium, 15% tungsten, 1.5% manganese, and 2.5% iron), nickel wire, tungsten wire, and cast iron granules between two pads of steel wool. The material was placed in a reaction vessel over a perforated aluminum plate, and the vessel was charged with heavy mineral oil, submerging the catalyst material. The vessel contents were then heated to approximately 320-370 degrees F, and hydrogen gas was bubbled through the vessel at a continuous rate of 60-80 ft3/hour (measured at approximately 25 degrees C), while the reactor was maintained at approximately 115 KPa. The reaction was continued for 5 hours, after which time the reaction medium had reduced in volume from 3 to 2 pts.vol., and had produced 2.5 pts.vol. of condensed product. The product was fed to an Infrared Oil Heater where it burned readily in air. An attempt to use the liquid reaction medium at the start of the test (mineral oil) in the same oil heater was made, and the result was negative, i.e. the medium would not burn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The biomass comprises cellulose based organic material, or animal waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Hydrogen processing involves heat process sing hydrogen separation membrane electrolytic membrane joined body in hydrogen containing atmosphere and forming cathode before hydrogen treatment process on hydrogen separation membrane of electrolytic membrane and on the opposite side. Preferred Components: Hydrogen separation membrane contains palladium. Electrolytic membrane contains SrZn(1-x)InxO3.x=integer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The recess portion and the metal substrate comprise iron, iron alloy, copper, copper alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic oxide is alumina or zirconia. Preferred Process: The noble metal supported catalyst is obtained by wet reduction method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of water and ethanol is 0.4-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic-organic composite material comprises a carrier with is anchored with a coating. The carrier is: a silicate, silicate material, silicon dioxide or a zeolite with azide center; and a mobile composition of matter number 41 (MCM-41), mesoporous materials, silica gel, phyllosilicate or porous glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: At least a part of the methanol in the step (a) undergoes vapor reforming reaction to obtain glycerin. Preferred Components: The coating comprises a silane compound, which is an organosilane. The silane compound contains 1-9C-alkyl-, phenyl-, benzyl- an/or higher alkyl-phenyl-groups. The silane compound contains at least one anchor group, which is halogen or alkoxy group. The silane compound is trichlorophenylsilane, trichlorobenzylsilane, trichloro(phenethyl)silane, trimethoxyphenylsilane, trimethoxy(phenethyl)silane, triethoxyphenylsilane, triethoxybenzylsilane, triethoxy(phenethyl)silane, chlorodimethylphenylsilane, chlorodimethylbenzylsilane, chlorodimethyl(phenethyl)silane, chlorotriphenylsilane or chlorotribenzylsilane. The silane compound is anchored as a monolayer on the carrier. The silane compound comprises at least one functional group. The functional group is sulfonic acid, guanidine and/or quaternary ammonium groups. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The preparation of industrial fuel comprises mixing heavy oil with not less than 90% methanol at a weight ratio of 1:0.4-0.6 in sealed mixing tank at room temperature to obtain an emulsion, further mixing with not less than 85% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.4, agitating to form another emulsion, mixing obtained emulsion with petroleum ether at a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.4, agitating, and vacuum filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The preparation of high-temperature industrial fuel comprises mixing heavy oil and not less than 90% methanol at a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3 in sealed blending tank at room temperature to obtain emulsion, mixing obtained emulsion with not less than 85% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1:0.01-0.2, agitating to form uniform emulsion, mixing resulting emulsion with petroleum ether at a weight ratio of 1:0.01-0.2, agitating, and vacuum filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The preparation of the industrial fuel comprises blending heavy oil with not less than 90% methanol at a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.4 in a sealed blending tank at room temperature to obtain emulsion, mixing obtained emulsion with not less than 85% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3, agitating to obtain emulsion, mixing resulting emulsion with petroleum ether at a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3, agitating, and vacuum filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel pellet comprises (wt.%) cellulosic material (80), and biosolid material (20). Preferred Method: Compressing and extruding is carried out in a die at 60-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fuel pellet further comprises 2 wt.% particulate synthetic polymeric thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst comprises a particulate inorganic material, and a salt of an alkali metal or an earth alkaline metal. The salt comprises potassium or sodium, and carbonate ion. The catalyst comprises hydrotalcite, or a mixed metal oxide or mixed metal carbonate derived from the catalyst. It further comprises sodium or potassium hydroxide or salt and a basic catalyst. Preferred Method: The particulate catalyst is dissolved in a solvent and contacted with the solid biomass and optionally a particulate or microspheric catalyst in a separate vessel and/or reactor prior to the pyrolysis. The method comprises converting the bio-crude to a liquid fuel in a conventional refinery process unit. The bio-crude is blended with a hydrocarbon feed of mineral origin prior to the converting step. Preferred Condition: The pyrolyzing step is carried out at 200-500 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The biomass is a ligno-cellulosic biomass, or wood, straw, grass, bagasse, corn husks, and/or peanut shells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The prepared fertilizer has diameter of 1-5 mm, preferably 2-4 mm and a slenderness ratio of 1-3. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The flue gas is obtained from industrial kilns in power plant, iron and steel factory, building material industry, and cement industry. The flue gas can also be taken as continuous carbon dioxide discharge source. The light is sunlight having adjustable intensity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The algae is common alga, high-yield selected algae or microalgae. The algae contains starch that can be converted into ethanol, lipoid that can be converted into biodiesel, and protein that can be converted into food for poultry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical mixture includes source(s) of ferric ions and source of sulfate ions for inhibiting generation of methane gas, and source of metal divalent cations for inhibiting the production of hydrogen sulfide gas. The mixture is formed from ferric ammonium citrate for inhibiting methanogenesis, ferrous sulfate for inhibiting methanogenesis and build-up of hydrogen sulfide, magnesium sulfate for inhibiting methanogenesis, copper sulfate for inhibiting methanogenesis and build-up of hydrogen sulfide, manganese gluconate for preventing build-up of hydrogen sulfide, and zinc gluconate for preventing the build-up of hydrogen sulfide. A liquid is added to the chemical mixture to produce a solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodegradable matter is paper product. The mixture is applied to the paper product. The biodegradable matter is paper product treated by application of the solution to the paper product during manufacture of the paper product, immersion of paper product into the solution, and spraying of the solution onto the paper product. A liquid is added to the chemical mixture to produce a solution. The solution is applied to the paper using biodegradable adhesive. The mixture includes bromoethane sulfonate, lumazine, 4-methylamino benzoic acid, nitroethanol and chemical the same as nitropropanol, and plant extracts. The paper product is made to have pH of 4.5-6.5. Preferred Methods: The treating of paper product includes immersing paper product into the aqueous solution, spraying the aqueous solution onto the paper product, and applying the solution the paper product using biodegradable adhesive. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic waste is bagasse or waste bacteria bag. Preferred Composition: The nitrogen fertilizer is present at 0.5-5 wt.%, and water at 50-70 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen comprises ammonium sulfate, ammonium borate, urea, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. Preferred Method: The modified chitosan is prepared by dissolving 10 pts.wt. in 1-3% acetum solution (200-2000 pts.wt.), and neutralizing with 10% sodium hydroxide solution. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermentation strain is Bacillus mucilaginosus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The poultry manure is chicken manure and/or duck manure. The poultry manure and fermentation strain are present at 1000:0.1-0.2 weight ratio. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The coarse bamboo powder is cooked for 2 hours at 100-105 degrees C and by using a mixed solution of formic acid/acetic acid/water, in which residue after cooking is cellulose, and water is added into filtrate to filter out lignin. The hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to pentose and pentose is dissolved in an acidic solution, vaporized, and concentrated to obtain water soluble pentosan. The cellulose is hydrolyzed by using a catalyst comprising 85% formic acid and hydrochloric acid and liquid at a ratio of 25:1. It is hydrolyzed for 6 hours at 60 degrees C, and then subjected to decompressing, distilling, and separating to reclaim formic acid and to obtain reducing sugar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biodiesel is vegetable oil or animal oil with high acid value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coagulant used to coagulate organic wastewater is ferric sulfate, cupric sulfate, poly aluminum ferric sulfate, polysilicate aluminum ferric flocculants, polyferric sulfate, or polymerized aluminum sulfate. The absorbent is diatomite, bentonite, or activated charcoal. The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or chlorine dioxide. The catalyst comprises active ingredient comprising transition metal oxide (10-30%), cerium oxide (2-15%), zirconium oxide (1-20%), gamma -aluminum oxide (20-60%), titanium oxide (20-40%) and silicon oxide (5-20%). The transition metal oxide includes copper oxide, ferric oxide, and/or magnetite. The absorbing material comprises activated carbon or ferrite. The microwave electrodeless UV lamp excites UV light through microwave, is filled with mercury and argon, and has tube material which is transparent quartz tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological straw material is maize straw, wheat straw and rice straw. The biological straw material is pretreated by adding pre-cultured aerobic compound strain. The pre-cultured aerobic compound strain is a strain cultured from white rot fungi.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Chloride ionic solution is hydrochloric acid. Washing liquid is deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The particles e.g. silica, carbon, cerium oxide, titanium oxide, iron, cobalt, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, ruthenium, zinc oxide, cerium, molybdenum and aluminum oxide are introduced in the micropassage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The proton conducting layer is chosen among Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer), Polybenzimidazole, Sulfonated polyimide and Sulfonated Polyetherethercetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst (C1) comprises NaOH or KOH (0.1-4 wt.%) as base, an alcohol of oil/alcohol (1:3-1:32 mol/mol), polyelectrolyte gel (0.0000000001-1 wt./vol.%). Preferred Method: The method involves mixing NaOH or KOH and alcohol in reactor (5a); transferring the mixture and addition of polyelectrolyte gel into the continuously stirred tank reactor (5c); transferring the obtained mixture to the storage tank (6) to produce catalyst with continuous process; utilization of piston flow reactor (5d) instead of continuously stirred tank reactor (5c) to diminish the reactor dimension and to reduce the production cost; utilization of reactor that has ultrasonic power supply to increase the mixing rate to accelerate the production process. The method involves mixing rate (500-700 rpm) and reaction time of 5-30 (preferably 30) minutes in reactor (5a); ultrasonic power (10-40 W/L) and reaction time of 15-30 (preferably 15) minutes in reactor (5b); mixing rate 10-700 (preferably 500) rpm, and reaction time of 5-30 (preferably 10) minutes in reactor (5c); reaction time of the fluid of 5-30 (preferably 5) minutes in reactor (5d). EXAMPLE - Sodium hydroxide (4 kg), methanol (77 kg), polyethylene glycol 1450 (1.1 kg) were mixed at 500 rpm in a reactor for 30 minutes. Refined rapeseed oil (350 kg) was added and mixture was stirred at 600 rpm at 55 degrees C. After 30 minutes reaction time, homogeneous alkali polymeric gel catalyst (HAPJEK) was produced, the reaction efficiency was 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Carrier: The carrier is a curtain-like sponge carrier (22), attached to the intermediate portion of the reactor main body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The powder of charcoal is a powder of bamboo charcoal or charcoal. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The processing apparatus further has a solid-liquid separation portion (70) for separating liquid component contained in residue component, and returning liquid component to solubilization portion, an electric power generation unit (80) for converting active material into electrical energy, a fertilizer formation unit (90) for transforming liquid or solid residue to fertilizer, and a discarding unit (100) for detoxifying and discarding solid or liquid residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Equipment: The wastewater treatment equipment further has a chelating-agent supply unit to supply chelating agent of trivalent ferric iron to the denitrifying tank. Preferred Process: The denitrifying bacteria are proliferated within the denitrifying tank in presence of chelating agent of trivalent ferric iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chelating agent of trivalent ferric iron is 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone or 2,2'-bipyridyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-containing gas utilization system further has a gas-liquid separation apparatus (2). The electric power generating apparatus is gas turbine or fuel cell. The fuel cell is solid oxide fuel cell, phosphoric acid-type fuel cell or molten carbonate form fuel cell. Preferred Process: The hydrogenation reaction product is separated into a portion of gas and liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The hydrogen-containing gas has hydrogen concentration of 20-80 volume%, saturated-hydrocarbon concentration of 10-80 volume%, sulfur-compound concentration of 100 mol ppm or less, carbon monoxide concentration of 100 mol ppm or less, chlorine-compound concentration of 0.1 mol ppm or less and cyanide-compound concentration of 0.1 mol ppm or less. The hydrogen is used for hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbon until the hydrogen concentration of the hydrogen-containing gas is 20 volume% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The latent solvent includes isooctanol and isobutyl alcohol. The distillation range regulator is solvent oil 190. The power performance energizer includes kerosene, hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine, seed fat, formic acid, nitric acid, isocaprylic acid, diformamide, tetrahydrofuran and 8-oxyquinoline. The combustion improver contains zinc. The low temperature promoter is Sherwood oil. The anti-solubility corrosion preventive includes 2.6 dialkyl-zinc phosphate and sulfanilic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon material is carbon nanotube in which carbon particles hair average particle size of 60 nm or less and diameter of 50 nm or less, acetylene black or multi-wall carbon nanotube.Preferred Property: The platinum particles or its alloy particle has particle size of 1-10 nm.Preferred Composition: The content of platinum particles or its alloy particles is 5-70 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon material has peak half value width originating in surface of 5.5 or less at angle 2 theta ) between an incident X-ray and reflective X-ray, measured by powder X-ray diffractometry.Preferred Component: The organic group is organic group containing sulfur atom having lone pair or nitrogen atom having lone pair, organic group having reduction potential in high electrical potential of -2.5 V, or organic group containing heterocyclic ring.The surface modified carbon material is of formula: carbon-A-X.A = coupling group;X = -CN, -NR1R2, -NR2(COR3), -CONR2R3, -N=NR2, -SR2, -SO2NR2R3 or -SO2SR2;R1 = alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl or aralkyl;andR2, R3 = H or R1 excluding heteroaryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Particle: The electroconductive fine particles are obtained by culturing microorganism in presence of ferric iron and sulfide ion. The microorganisms are metal reducing microorganisms chosen from Shewanella, Geobacter, Rhodoferax or Pseudomonas, preferably S.loihica or S.oneidensis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The electroconductive fine particles are dispersed in the microorganisms, and the particles are connected to each other to hold the microorganisms. The electroconductive film particles contain iron oxide, iron sulfide or manganese oxide. The particles contains ( alpha )-iron(III) oxide, ( alpha )-goethite, ( gamma )-iron(III) oxide, ( epsilon )-iron(III) oxide or magnetite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic zeolite catalyst comprises H-FAU zeolite and H-BEA zeolite. The zeolite catalyst further comprises one or more metals of aluminum, boron, gallium, iron, beryllium, zinc, copper, nickel, iridium, rhodium, platinum, palladium, cobalt or indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process further comprises recovering one or more aliphatic hydrocarbons from the products of the reaction and recycling them to the feed. The temperature is 150-250 degrees C, preferably 180-220 degrees C. Preferred Components: The feed comprises dimethyl ether and/or methanol. The feed further comprises: a hydrogen donor or hydrogen transfer co-catalyst; adamantane in a molar ratio with respect to dimethyl ether and/or methanol of 0.005:1-0.05:1; tetralin, hexamethylcyclohexane or decalin with a molar ratio with respect to dimethyl ether and/or methanol of 0.1:1-0.3:1; and one or more aliphatic hydrocarbons that can serve as hydrogen donors, contribute to a homologation process, or be transformed under conditions of the process to one or more hydrocarbons that can serve as hydrogen donors or contribute to a homologation process. The molar ratio of the aliphatic hydrocarbons to dimethyl ether and/or methanol in the feed is 0.1:1-5:1, preferably 0.3:1-3:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal alloy includes a magnesium or aluminum base alloyed with nickel of more than 0.1% and less than 7% to provide a sufficient reaction rate to meet a fuel cell stack hydrogen demand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preparation: The preparation method of the soil phosphorus activator comprises mixing vitamin C fermented residue with lignite and sawdust, retting for 3-5 days at normal temperature, adding clinker, composting for 4-6 days at middle temperature, airing and screening, adding natural zeolite powder, uniformly mixing, and sub-packing to prepare the finished product. Preferred Conditions: Retting is carried out at 20-30 degrees C. Composting is carried out at 30-50 degrees C. Preferred Process: Airing and screening comprises airing the composted mixture until the water content is 15-20%, and mechanically pulverizing, and screening with a 10-20 mesh sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The wetland plant system contains reed plant, rush, Calamus, Canna or Cyperus alternifolius.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vegetable waste is shoot, vine, root, stem or leaf of vegetables, solanberry, gourd vegetable or beans cut to strip having a length of 3-5 cm. The organic material is sawdust, rice hull or crop straw. The calcium cyanamide having a pH of 11-12.5 comprises (wt.%) nitrogen (17-23), calcium oxide (40-50), and impurities (balance). The natural zeolite has a granular size of 11-60 mesh, ammonium exchange capacity of 1000-2000 mmol/kg, and pH value of 7.2-9. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary fuel is liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas, methane or butane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (wt.%) powdered rock phosphate (20), potassium feldspar (20), coal refuse (20), magnesite powder (10), carbamide (10), ammonium sulfate (1), ammonium chloride (1), ammonium nitrate (8), bentonite (8), diatomite (1), zinc sulfate (0.5), and borax (0.5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The powdered rock phosphate is low-grade rock phosphate containing less than 20% phosphorus pentoxide. The magnesite powder is magnesite with diameter of less than 25 mm or powdered magnesite produced in magnesite mining. The nitrogenous fertilizer comprises (wt.%) carbamide (30-80), ammonium sulfate (0-20), ammonium chloride (0-20), and ammonium nitrate (10-20). Preferred Dimensions: The combusted mixture has granularity of 60-200 meshes. The magnesite has granularity of 60-200 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: All of the at least two complexing agents exhibit a complex forming constant (K) of at least 10 to at least one trace element. The two complexing agents have different complex forming constants (K) with metal ions. The complexing agents are present in at least equimolar quantity such as the trace elements. The complexing agents are reabsorbable from a bacterial cell. At least one complexing agent is biodegradable. At least one complexing agent is acetoacetate, simple amino acids, pyruvic acid, catechol, citric acid, salts of the citric acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, modified cyclodextran, oxalic acid, phosphorus acid, salts of the phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid, salts of the phosphoric acid, polyphosphate, siderophore or tartaric acid. At least a further complexing agent is diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, EDTA, hydroxyethylene diaminetriacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid. A monosubstrate is fermented as raw material. The monosubstrate is corn. EXAMPLE - Typical composition of trace element solution of the medium 141 of the DSMZ for a methanogenic archaea comprised (in g/l) of: nitrilotriacetic acid (1.5); magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (3); manganese sulfate dihydrate (0.5); sodium chloride (1); ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.1); cobalt sulfate heptahydrate (0.18); calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1); zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.18); copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.01); potassium alum (0.02); boric acid (0.01); sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.01); nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (0.025); and sodium selenite pentahydrate (0.0003).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process further involves compressing at least some of the removed water vapor and using heat carried by the removed water vapor to assist in distilling the mixture; compressing removed water vapor and recycling it to a fermenter; collecting product vapor from the membrane and passing it through a heat exchanger; and extracting a vapor mixture from the broth in a single distillation column. Preferred Components: The plant material comprises cellulosic or ligno-cellulosic material. The vapor mixture extracted from the broth has less than or equal to 35 wt.% of the fermentation product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oil component decomposition microorganisms may be Pichia farinosa (NITE P-287).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support material is arranged within the substrate distributed as a large number of individual bodies. The support material is present in the form of flakes. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The care product contains living microorganisms as starter cultures. The starter cultures are combined with a flocculant. The capsules contain fertilizers for pond plants. The foil from microorganisms or plants can be used as nourishment source or nutritional supplement. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The steel further contains niobium (0-0.80) and/or tungsten (0-3.00), and titanium (0-0.40).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas taken out from the gasifier oven has oxygen ratio not above 5 percent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The water-retention layer arranged between electrolytic membrane and anode electrode is made of carbon or other metal oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) is a continuous process. The biomass feedstock and the inorganic catalyst material are intimately contacted by subjecting the mixture to mechanical action comprising milling, grinding, kneading and/or fluidizing. The step B) is carried out at 150-350 (preferably 150-250) degrees C; with contact time of 10-300 (preferably 10-100) seconds. The step B) and/or step D) is carried out in the presence of reducing gas. The process further involves catalyst regeneration step producing CO which is used at least in part as the reducing gas. The catalyst is separated from the reaction product of step B) and regenerated in regenerator. The regenerated catalyst is recycled to the first biocatalytic cracking unit. The regenerated catalyst comprises residual coke (1 wt.%). The process further involves recovering ash from the product of the second biocatalytic cracking unit. At least part of the ash is recycled to at least the first biocatalytic cracking unit. Preferred Components: The inorganic catalyst material is solution of inorganic hydroxide or salt or particulate inorganic material. The particulate catalyst material is selected from salts, oxides and hydroxides of alkali metal and earth alkaline elements; clays, such as anionic and cationic clays; inorganic oxides such as alumina, silica, zirconia, titania; mixed oxides and hydroxides, such as layered hydroxides and hydrotalcites, and mixed metal oxides and/or mixed metal carbonates derived. The particulate catalyst material comprises alkali metal salt and/or hydrotalcite. The biomass feedstock comprises (ligno-) cellulose, triglycerides (10, preferably 30) wt.%. The biomass material is of aquatic origin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photocatalyst is titanium dioxide supported by ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver or gold as co-catalyst. The liquid raw material is water. The compound such as formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol and methane are generated as carbon-dioxide reduction product. The photocatalytic reaction is carried out by moving methanol generated as carbon-dioxide reduction product in the liquid phase of pipe flow. The photocatalytic reaction is ceased by fixing concentration of methanol and flow path length of micro flow path.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fermented liquid obtained after ammonia collecting process may be transported to the fermenter. The gas liquid contact of the fermented liquor containing ammonia is carried out with the ammonia collection equipment, and ammonia is collected from the fermented liquor. The gas which circulates between ammonia collecting equipment and ammonia processing tanks and subjected to gas liquid contact, transfers ammonia collected by the ammonia collection process from the ammonia collecting equipment to the ammonia processing tank. The temperature for ammonia collecting process is more than the temperature for fermentation process. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The element comprises nickel and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step of spraying the first herbicide includes spraying an herbicide preparation formulated to remove glyphosate-resistant weeds. The step of spraying the second herbicide includes spraying an herbicide containing glyphosate. The method further comprises planting a cover crop following the step of harvesting. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Disinfectant: The emulsifier has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 15 or more. The emulsion particle size of the hiba-cypress oil is 200 nm or less. Preferred Method: The seed disinfectant uses an undiluted solution or dilution liquid. ACTIVITY - Fungicide. In a test for measuring bakanae disease prevention effect using rice seeds, the seed disinfectant containing hiba cypress oil exhibited disease prevention effect of 90% or more.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Hiba cypress oil was obtained by extracting Aomori hiba cypress substance by steam distillation. The obtained hiba cypress oil was blended with emulsifier such as polyglyceryl fatty acid ester, ethanol and water in the ratio of 10:5:10:75 to obtain the seed disinfectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier gas is air, argon, oxygen and/or nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst is supported catalyst obtained by supporting sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate in neutral or alkaline carrier. The carrier is alumina, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite or zirconia. The supported catalyst is prepared by choosing (in weight parts): sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate (20-30) and dissolving in distilled water (100) completely, adding carrier (100) and stirring for 1.5-2 hours at 70-80 degrees C, drying at 100 degrees C, and then roasting for 4-8 hours at 400-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The quantity of hydrophobic material existing in the surface of gas diffusion layer is more than the quantity of hydrophobic material existing in the inside of gas diffusion layer. The hydrophobic material is fluorine compound having functional group(s) and molecular weight of 10000 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The production taking place in an atmosphere where CO2 is added and/or exists and/or is produced in the plasma chamber, O2 in the form of oxygen or as carbonate or bicarbonate is added to the plasma chamber. The optional injection of a hydrogen- and carbon-containing gas into the chamber is carried out. The method (m2) involves adding a carboxyl compound to the material, preferably carboxyl acid, acetate or organic material with high carboxyl content; adding to the material carboxyl and alkaline metal compounds in the form of alkaline metal formate or in the form of water dissolved or non-dissolved alkaline based hydrocolloid (preferably Na, K, Cs alginate, pectin and/or carrageenan). The composite material is infused with water (0-95%), where the preferred moisture of the material is 15-60 (preferably 40)%, where the concentration of alkaline metals is sufficiently high to start and maintain plasma formation at low microwave feed. The composite material is produced only by mixing the components, or by suspending the composite material or part components in a water mixture, where hydrocolloid is added, alkaline metal is added to gel the carbon material. The flocculate is dehydrated, and/or formed and/or dried to powder, granulate, flakes or solid form. Preferred Components: The alkaline metal is cesium, sodium or potassium, preferably as hydroxide or carbonates or bicarbonates, as Si as the only metal not in main group I or II.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Reactants: The organic composite material contains compounds of carbon, carboxyl and alkaline metal, in dry form or with a liquid, where at least one of the components contains hydrogen. The main component of the material comprises carbon (preferably charcoal, fossil coal, peat, peat moss, cellulose or wood chip).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The deoxidizing bed comprises a deoxidizing catalyst and the pre-reforming bed comprises a pre-reforming catalyst. The deoxidizing catalyst is platinum (Pt)-palladium (Pd) on alumina catalyst, Pt-rhodium (Rh)-based catalyst or Rh-Pd-based alumina catalyst. The pre-reforming catalyst is a nickel-based catalyst. The deoxidizing catalyst is G-74D. The pre-reforming catalyst is C11-PR, CRG-F, CRG-LH or G-180. The propane processing bed comprises a nickel-based carbon resistant catalyst. The carbon resistant catalyst is FCR-HC59. Preferred Method: The method further comprises reducing the propylene in the fuel feedstock using a propane processor unit. The method further comprises removing sulfur-containing compounds from the fuel feedstock in the pre-reforming unit. Preferred Condition: The maximum superficial velocity of the fuel feedstock in the pre-reforming unit is approximately 1.3 ft/second at standard conditions of temperature and pressure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The propane processor unit comprises a propane processing bed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The static oil agent comprises (wt.%): nitenpyram (1-5), conductive agent (1-5), and cosolvent (2-8). Preferred Components: The conductive agent is anionic surfactant including sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The cosolvent is more than 4C alcohols, cyclohexanone, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, n-butanol, n-amyl alcohol or n-octyl alcohol. The solvent is polyalkyl naphthalene, heavy aromatic, seed fat, seed oil, or more than 10C aromatic hydrocarbon. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The high-efficiency and environment-friendly agricultural pesticide comprises (wt.%) alpha -cypermethrin (1-25), abamectin (ivermectin and methylamino abamectin benzoate) (0.1-10), acetamiprid (1-25), benzene free cosolvent (0-30), emulsifier (1-35), osmotic agent (0-15), synergist (0-5), and antioxidant (0.1-1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The benzene free cosolvent is ketone, alcohol, alcohol ether, azululanone, methylbenzene or dimethylbenzene. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The high-efficiency and environment-friendly agricultural pesticide comprises (wt.%) cyfluthrin (1-25), abamectin (ivermectin and methylamino abamectin benzoate) (0.1-10), acetamiprid (1-25), benzene free cosolvent (0-30), emulsifier (1-35), osmotic agent (0-15), synergist (0-5), and antioxidant (0.1-1). The benzene free cosolvent is ketone, alcohol, alcohol ether, azululanone, methylbenzene or dimethylbenzene. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The rods are placed in the carbide furnace in layers, where the rods in one layer are parallel and the rods in adjacent layers are perpendicular to one another. Burning combustible gas comprises such that when carbide furnace is heated to 160-280 degrees C by external heat source and heat formed by the burning rod, sending steam comprising wood acid as pyrolysis product and small molecular weight organic compounds and small molecular weight organic toxicants to a cooling recycler, and pumping carbon monoxide formed by decomposing lignin to the drying furnace; or when temperature of the carbide furnace is 280-400 degrees C, cracking and volatilizing large molecular weight organic compounds and large molecular weight organic toxicants, sending high temperature steam of the compounds, toxicants and pyrolysis products of lignin to the cooling recycler, burning part of the combustible gas formed by in the carbide furnace, and pumping the rest to the drying furnace through the cooling recycler. The heat of the furnace is preserved for 4-5 days before forming the charcoal and wood tar, where heat preservation starts when smoke at the vent is green or transparent and ash appears on the uppermost rods. The waste gas formed is sent to the drying furnace using an exhaust device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: NaHSO3 is dissolved in water and prepared into NaHSO3 solution whose concentration is 2 mmol/L. ADMINISTRATION - NaHSO3 solution is sprayed once every 7 days until seedling falls. It is uniformly sprayed to P. polyphylla whose leaves stretch completely, in the evening, every year until the rhizome can already be used as medicine, where front and back surfaces of the leaves of P. polyphylla is sprayed (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is methylbenzene and/or dimethylbenzene. The antifreezing agent is glycol, propanediol, and/or propanetriol. The dispersant is polycarboxylate or polyether modified organosilicon. The thickening agent is polyvinyl alcohol and/or xanthan gum. The foam suppressor is organosilicon. The pH adjusting agent is citric acid, sodium citrate, and/or sodium bicarbonate. The water is running water or deionized water. Preferred Condition: The cutting speed is 1500-10000 rpm and the cutting time is 5-30 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The emulsifying agent is non-ionic emulsifying agent epoxyethane-propylene oxide segmented copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The fuel oil comprises (mass%) (i) biological diesel oil (40-70, preferably 50); coal chemical light oil (10-30, preferably 25); biological heavy oil (5-20, preferably 10); methanol (14); and additive (balance); (ii) coal chemical light oil (30-60, preferably 50); biological diesel oil (10-20, preferably 10); biological heavy oil (5-15, preferably 9); methanol (30); and additive (balance); or (iii) biological heavy oil (30-50, preferably 50); coal chemical light oil (20-30, preferably 25); biological diesel oil (10-30, preferably 19); methanol (5); and additive (balance). Preferred Components: The additive comprises detergent dispersant and antioxidant ( greater than or equal to 0.5%). The antioxidant is antioxidant T501, t-butyl and tri-t-butyl phenol, or N,N'-diisopropyl p-phenylene diamine. The detergent dispersant is monoalkenyl succinimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The detergent dispersant may be polyetheramine (PEA) or polybutene amine (PBA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The glycerides are selected from vegetable oils, which are selected from cotton, olive, soybean, peanut butter, babassu palm, palm, flaxseed or corn and animal fat, which are selected from cattle, pigs or goats. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The beet webworm sex attractant comprises trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate having a mass ratio of 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carrier is rubber plug, silicone rubber sheet or polyethylene plastic tube. ACTIVITY - Insect Attractant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The method further comprises:(A) putting primary extract into reaction kettle, heating to its b.pt., filtering the mixture at its b.pt., removing impurity and cooling filtered material to 40 degrees C to obtain a secondary extract as the product; and(B) putting secondary extract into reaction kettle, heating to 80 degrees C, cooling to 40 degrees C, and discharging aqueous solution at upper player of reaction kettle to obtain a precipitate at a bottom of reaction kettle as the product.A vapor heating method is used to heat the reaction kettle. The first material from reaction kettle is cooled to 50 degrees C after filtering.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonized raw material and mixed solution of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are present at 1:4 weight ratio. The sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are used as solutes, and water is used as solvent. The sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are each present in mixed solution at 0.08-0.12 (preferably 0.1) vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic waste is stalk of cured tobacco, cutleaf coneflower and/or banana stalk. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Properties: The effective viable bacteria is at dormant state at normal temperature, and can be stored for greater than or equal to 1 year under normal temperature, dry and ventilated condition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (B), the culture medium is piled for 4-6 days. The bacteria carrier are added with cut plant stalk and wood meal; and then with organic waste. Preferred Components: The organic waste comprises hog manure, sheep manure, cow manure, mixed garbage, farm house garbage, wheat straw, feces, poultry fertilizer, mixed slaughter house waste, active sludge, purslane, young grass and/or weed. Preferred Ratio: The ratio of effective viable bacteria carrier to organic solid waste is 1:10. The ratio of cut plant stalk and wood meal to effective viable bacteria carrier is 1:4. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic vegetable fertilizer comprises (pts.wt.) vegetable oil (10), bacterial manure (2), legume (10) and water (2). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Properties: The soil layer is composed of soil, plant ash, and saw dust, and their grain sizes are 2-5 mm, 1-2 mm and 1-2 mm, respectively, and their size percent is 60-80, 15-25% and 5-15%, respectively. The enzymatic filled layer is a mixture of clay and/or industrial waste materials and is processed into grains added with a microbe growth promoter in a ratio of 30000-100000. The grain size is 0.5-20 mm. The industrial waste material is peat coal, coal gangue, and/or fly ash. The microbe growth promoter is a mixture of VB 591 (RTM: microbe growth promoter) and BiNutrix-ww (RTM: microbe growth promoter).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The natural organic powder is cellulosine, bamboo powder, plant stem powder, rice hull powder, peanut shell powder, starch and pulse flour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The fertilizer external coat further comprises low molecular weight organic material film layer. The biodegradable polyester film layer is internal layer or middle layer. The amine resin film layer is compounded with natural organic powder and/or adhered with natural organic powder outside the amine resin film layer at the outermost surface of the coat. Preferred Components: The amine resin is urea resin and/or melamine resin. The biodegradable polyester film layer comprises polylactic acid, polyaliphatic dibasic carboxylate dibasic alcohol, polycaprolactone and/or polyoxyhydryl fatty acid ester copolymer. The low molecular weight organic material film layer comprises wax (sic), asphalt, colophony and its ester, low molecular weight polyolefin, low molecular weight polystyrene, petroleum resin and cumarone-indene resin. Preferred Properties: The thickness of fertilizer external coat is 40-220 microns, amine resin film layer is 30-200 microns, biodegradable polyester film layer is 2-20 microns, and low molecular weight organic material film layer is 0-25 microns. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further involves applying 200-400 kg of straw to each mu of land. The seeds are sown in rows, where the width of each row is 45-50 cm for high fertile land and the width of each row is 40 cm for medium or less fertile land. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Herbicide; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The abamectin medicine comprises farm chemicals, emamectin benzoic acid, emamectin benzoate, eprinomectin, ivermectin, doramectin and/or selamectin. The pesticide/acaricide composition comprises (in weight%) liquid oleate (25-70, preferably 30-70), abamectin medicine (0.05-30), surfactant (3-20, preferably 15-20), osmotic agent (0-5, preferably 3-5) and water or organic solvent (0-55). Preferred Component: The liquid oleate is oleic acid low carbon alcohol ester. The oleic acid low carbon alcohol ester is methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, propyl oleate, isopropyl oleate, butyl oleate and/or isobutyl oleate. The surfactant is nonionic monomer, anionic monomer, cationic monomer and/or zwitter ion surfactant, preferably fatty polyethyleneoxy ether, nonylphenol polyethyleneoxy ether, fatty-acid polyethyleneoxy ether, Resinox (RTM: alkyl polyethyleneoxy ether), triphenyl ethylphenol-polyoxypropylene-polyethyleneoxy block polymer, dibenzyl biphenyl polyethyleneoxy ether, disodium alkyl diphenyl disulfonate, tert-octylphenol polyethyleneoxy ether, phenethyl phenol formaldehyde resin polyethyleneoxy ether, alkylaryl polyoxypropylene polyethyleneoxy random copolyether, phenethylphenol polyoxypropylene polyethyleneoxy ether, alkylaryl polyoxypropylene polyethyleneoxy ether, alkylaryl polyethyleneoxy polyoxypropylene ether, phenethylphenol Resinox (RTM: polyethyleneoxy ether), nonionic surfactant, mixed surfactant, styrylphenol polyethyleneoxy ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, calcium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, alkyl hydroxyethyl sulfonate, 12-15C palmitic alcohol ether-sodium sulfonate, coconut oil polyethyleneoxy ether, castor oil polyethyleneoxy ether, castor oil and epoxy ethane or block polymer of epoxy ethane and epoxy propane. The osmotic agent is osmotic agent-T, osmotic agent-M, osmotic agent-JFC, organosilicon surfactant, BJ-05, BJ-01A or BJ-11. ACTIVITY - Pesticide; Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The aerobic fermentation and heating process is carried out at 50-70 degrees C. The time for passing the loading machine to anaerobic reactor is 25-35 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS - 1 Bacillus subtilis is specifically claimed, which is Bacillus megaterium DSM 3 (KFCC-11402P).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Mineral: The mineral element is dolomite powder, phosphorite powder, potash feldspar powder, or zeolite powder. Preferred Composition: The base fertilizer contains nitrogen-phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide (4-8), organic substance (25-30), humic acid (15), protein (3-4), biological flora (0.02 billion/g), calcium (3-4), magnesium (2-2.5), sulfur (2-2.5), boron (0.05-0.08), zinc (0.08-0.1), manganese (0.024-0.05), copper (0.004-0.008) and titanium (0.02-0.08). The additional fertilizer contains nitrogen-phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide (12-16), organic substance (25-30), humic acid (15), protein (3-3.5), biological flora (0.02 billion/g), calcium (3-4), magnesium (2-3), sulfur (2-2.5), boron (0.05-0.08), zinc (0.08-0.1), manganese (0.024-0.05), copper (0.004-0.008) and titanium (0.02-0.08). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The plant derived compounds are selected from linalool, anisole, z-citral, citral, isocaryophillene, longifolene, alpha -bergamotene, (z)- beta -farnesene, germacrene-D, cis- alpha -bisabolene, limonene, beta -thujone, gamma -terpinene, alpha -terpinene, (+)-camphor, camphor, geranly acetate, alpha -thujene, camphene, sabinene, beta -myrcene, cymene, DL-limonene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, alpha -terpenyl acetate, alpha -terpinene, beta -terpinene, gamma -terpinene, 4-thujanol, terpine-4-ol, alpha -terpinyl acetate, methoxy phenyl butanone, delta -cardinene, gamma -muurolene, methyleugenol, myristicin, elemicin, camphene, myrcene, benzene-1-methyl-2-1-methylethyl, 1,8-cineol, gamma -terpinene, linalool, l-camphor, endo-borneol, terpineol, alpha -terpineol, linalyl acetate, (+)-2-carene or cineol. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ADMINISTRATION - The purification filter enables to filter floating matter of waste water and easily purifies waste water by catalytic oxidation of organic material using microorganism.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzymes: The diastatic enzyme comprises cellulase, xylanase, beta -glucosidase or their mixture.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen producing substance consists of metal hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrogen producing substance consists of aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium and alloys of aluminum, silicon, zinc and magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The method further involves introducing the syngas stream into a filter (120), to produce a secondary fuel stream and a hot hydrogen product stream (121); introducing the hot hydrogen product stream into a natural gas preheater, to produce a heated natural gas stream and a cooled hydrogen product stream; blending a portion of the heated natural gas stream with steam and introduced in to the SMR as a product feed stream, and introducing the remaining heated natural gas stream into the first combustor as combustor feed gas stream. The first exhaust gas stream has a temperature of 2000 to 2200 degrees F, the syngas stream has a temperature of 1200 to 1600 degrees F, the fourth exhaust gas stream has a temperature of 800 to 1100 degrees F. The compressor and expander are mechanically attached. The power required by the compressor is at least partially or entirely provide by the expander. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oil system plant biomass residue is pre-processed by swelling or microwave heating using sulfuric acid. The oil system plant biomass residue is pulverized before pre-processing. The oil system plant biomass is cultivation type biomass or felling tree. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Index: The water-quality index is odor strength, amount of suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved-oxygen concentration, total nitrogen value, total phosphorus value, amount of surplus sludge, chromaticity, and/or viscous degree.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic elements are aluminum and/or magnesium. The first metal contains tin and gallium, second metal contains silver and gallium, third metal consists of galliums, and fourth metal contains gallium, iron, copper, germanium, and antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first catalyst materials contain mixture of copper and oxide from first metal. The first metal is manganese, and/or cesium. The second catalyst material contains mixture of platinum and second metal. The second metal is iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, and/or palladium. The first catalyst material is located upstream of the second catalyst material with respect to the flow direction of the gas. The catalyst materials are deposited on honeycomb structure support. The oxygen-carbon monoxide ratio of fuel cell feed gas is 2-0.5 or 1.5-0.7. The gas mixture flows continuously over the catalyst system or reactor. Preferred Parameters: The catalyst system is maintained at 80-220, preferably 100-200 degrees C. The space velocity of gas mixture is lower for the first catalyst material than for the second catalyst material. EXAMPLE - A high-surface area alumina was subjected to pre-calcinations at 750 degrees C. The alumina support was impregnated with hot solution at 85 degrees C containing tetramine platinum nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and tartaric acid using wetness impregnation. Tartaric acid was added in slight excess. Platinum loading was selected at 5 pts. wt. and cobalt loading was 1.5 pts. wt. The samples were dried at 77 degrees C in drying box overnight and was finally calcined at 550 degrees C for 2 hours in air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organometallic framework material comprises the first and the second organic compounds. The X-ray diffraction of the framework material is 8 degrees -12 degrees at 2 theta of two reflexes, and exhibits greater reflux at 2 degrees -70 degrees at 2 theta . The organometallic framework material comprises: no further metal ion, other than Mg(II) ion; and no further at least bidentate organic compounds that coordinately bind to the metal ion. The molar ratio of the first organic compound to the second organic compound is 10:1-1:10. EXAMPLE - Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (9.90 g) was dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide (160 g) in an autoclave. Formic acid (2.5 g) and acetic acid (3.2 g) were added to the resulting solution and the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes to give magnesium formate-acetate containing organometallic framework material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The hydrogen producing material is alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, alkali metal hydride and/or alkaline-earth metal hydride, preferably lithium hydride, potassium hydride and/or sodium hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Catalyst: The decomposition catalyst contains ruthenium, nickel, cobalt or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of particulate solid component in the composition is preferably 65-85%. The additional component comprises the biomass component (0.01-25%, preferably 0.01-20%) and the polymer component (0.01-20%, preferably 8-20%) and/or the composite waste product component (0.01-20%, preferably 0.01-10%). The composition has: a British thermal unit (BTU) of about 12500 BTU/lb; and a sulfur content of less than about 1%. The additive component is coke breeze, carbon black and/or petroleum coke. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The elongate chamber(s) is defined by walls formed from cordierite (2MgO-2Al2O3-5SiO2), mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), activated carbon, and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reactor mixture is fermented at 16-35 degrees C under exclusion of oxygen in a reactor and pH buffering with lime. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid acid catalyst used is selected from alumina, aluminosilicate (preferably zeolite beta, zeolite Y and mordenite), silicoaluminophosphate, solid phosphoric acid sulphated zirconium oxide, sulphonic acid or thiol-functionalized silica and Amberlyst-15 (RTM: cation exchange resin).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction temperature used is preferably 60-150 degrees C. The glycerol used is optionally a glycerol obtained as byproduct in the transesterification of vegetable oil or fat with alcohol. The % conversion of glycerol is 60-95 wt.%. The yield of glycerol ether obtained is 50-100 wt.% glycerol used. Preferred Components: The primary alcohol used is selected from methanol, ethanol, butanol and octanol. The molar ratio of primary alcohol to glycerol is preferably 4:1-6:1. EXAMPLE - Butanol and glycerol, in a molar ratio of 5:1, were heated with zeolite- beta (7.5 wt.% of total reaction mixture) in a closed autoclave at 60 degrees C for 8 hours. The solid catalyst was pre-treated activating at 450 degrees C. At the end of the reaction, the catalyst was removed, and the glycerol ethers were separated from the unreacted glycerol, water and alcohol by a combination of extraction (with water) and distillation procedures to give glycerol butyl ethers (yield 100 wt.%; and glycerol conversion 93 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves preparing commercial and industrial enzyme liquid fertilizer of unused and waste material type biomass in the area in which hydration grinding process is carried out, and adding diluted enzyme solution to the pre-process according to the occurrence and property of biomass. The raw material of the stock solution includes one or more of industrial enzyme, plant extract, mushroom extract, mineral containing natural spring water and activation liquid. The putrefaction of an organic matter and offensive odor generation are prevented by compounding the antioxidant enzyme (SOD) derived from a mushroom. The biomass conversion of the organic nutrition solution by enzyme treatment minimizes the substance conversion loss under natural environment by a biochemical catalytic action. The enzyme group of the residue eluted by the enzyme catalytic action is also utilized for an organic nutrition solution, organic decomposition and synthesis and thus obtained to high efficiency. When the stock solution carries out fixed rate dilution, soil microorganism activity and plant photosynthesis activity are stimulated by soil dispersing or applying on leaves, and can be utilized as naturally derived enzyme agricultural materials harmless to the living organism which relieves disease damage. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method comprises adding sulfuric acid into oil, adding methanol or ethanol (10-20 wt.% of oil) into the mixture, reacting at 70-80 degrees C, removing water and impurities from the reactants, adding carbonate into the liquid, and distilling to form diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid acceptor is selected from magnesium oxide, hydrotalcite, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and/or magnesium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The thermal treatment is carried out at 150-450 (preferably 250-350) degrees C for 5 minutes to 12 hours (preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours) under an inert atmosphere. The thermal treatment is carried out by heating at a heating rate of 1-10 degrees C/minute. The poly(hydroxyamide) (II) is prepared by reacting carbonyl compound of formula X-C(O)-Ar-C(O)-X (IV) with a diamine compound of formula (V). The reaction of compound (IV) with diamine compound (V) is carried out at -10 to 60 degrees C for 30 minutes to 12 hours, where an acid acceptor is added during the reaction.X=halo (preferably F, Cl, Br or I).Preferred Compound: The compound (III) has a d-spacing of 6-6.10 Angstrom . The compound (II) is a poly(hydroxyamide) (PHA) of formula (IIa). The compound (IV) is terephthaloyl chloride. The compound (V) is 2,2'-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (bisAPAF). Preferred Components: The acid acceptor is selected from ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Membrane: The gas separation membrane is in the form of film, fiber or hollow fiber. Preferred Definitions:    Ar=1,4-phenylene;Q=C(CF3)2.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microorganism retention carrier is resin with specific gravity of 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The high-efficiency and environment friendly agricultural pesticide comprises (wt.%) acetamiprid (1-20), abamectin (ivermectin and emamectin benzoate) (0.1-10), carbosulfan (1-30), benzene free cosolvent (0-30), emulsifying agent (1-35), osmotic agent (0-15), synergist (0-5), and antioxidant (0.1-1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The benzene free cosolvent is ketone, esters, alcohol, alcohol ether, azululanone, toluene or mixed xylene. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is transition metal catalyst having metal content of 3-5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plant cellulose comprises separated waste product of rice shells, wheat straws, Mao bamboo and corn having cellulose content of more than 90% and granularity of less than 1 mm. Preferred Condition: The plant cellulose is dried for 30 minutes at 110 degrees C. Primary pressure of hydrogen is 2-6 MPa; reaction temperature is 245-275 degrees C; and reaction time lasts for 14-18 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass fuel comprises corn straw, straw, cotton stalk, crushed bamboo material, leaf and/or town refuse, being formed into bar or slab stock.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Material: The amount of cellulase used is 200 mu m/g powder. The amount of hemicellulase used is 150 mu m/g powder. The yeast can tolerate heat at not less than 30 degrees C. The hemicellulase is mixed with xylanase, mannase, dextranase and/or pectase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fuel ethanol is produced by distilling liquid obtained from fermentation. The lignin is obtained by extracting residue obtained from distilling fermentation liquid, and refining by alkaline separation, acid deposition or superfiltration. The method also includes using Dendrocalamus asper, and/or Dendrocalamus hamiltonii.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The cyanobacteria-removing deodorant comprises probiotics group, culture medium, and zeolite powder or bentonite. The probiotics group contains Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides NS18, Bacillus subtilis NS11, and B. mucilaginosus NSO2 capable of decomposing organic material and harmful ingredients including ammonia, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, or dihydrogen sulfide. The compound microorganism water preparation contains photosynthetic bacteria, B. subtilis, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The zeolite powder or bentonite is magnesium-aluminum silicate mineral having special layered and chained structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The flocculant is polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first kind of material is 45-95 wt.% of mixture of first kind of material and second kind of material. The crude biodiesel is product obtained by reaction of raw material oil, alcohols and catalyst. The upper layer in standing and layering process is biodiesel, and the rest alcohols, rudimental dissociative glycerin, and metal ion, where rudimental soap is unreacted. Preferred Composition: The fuel oil is prepared by uniformly mixing the materials until liquid is transparent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The tetra-alkyl ammonium chloride solution is chosen from tetra-methyl ammonium chloride solution, tetra-ethyl ammonium chloride solution and tetra-butyl ammonium chloride solution. The alkalis solution is a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The pH value is adjusted by adding one or a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Preferred Process: Heavy metal ion waste water is treated by weighing waste water containing heavy metal ion. A pH value of waste water is adjusted at 4-6, and bacteria cellulose containing amidoxime group is added to the waste water. A feeding amount is 0.5-1 kilogram per tesla. The mixed liquid of waste water and bacteria cellulose containing amidoxime group is stirred for 2-4 hours, and the water is filtered and discharged.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water-soluble metal salt is salt of zirconium ion (Zr4+), titanium ion (Ti4+), zinc ion (Zn4+), ferric ion (Fe3+), aluminum ion (Al3+), silicon ion (Si4+), chromium ion (Cr2+), cobalt ion (Co2+), nickel ion (Ni2+) or manganese ion (Mn2+). Preferred Process: The pH value of reaction mixture is regulated to 8-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The electricity-generating microorganisms is Geobacter and Shewanella.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The negative membrane (2) and positive membrane (3) exchanges ion by electrodialysis, having penetration rate 90% or more. The thickness of electricity-generating microbial film on the anode is 20-80 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The salty water is sea water or high salinity water with salt content of 5-35 g/L. Preferred Composition: The electron acceptor contains reduced oxygen reduced by chemical catalyst and red potassium prussiate, and oxygen reduced by microorganism catalyst, nitrate and carbon dioxide. The anode, cathode and filling material of anode chamber and cathode chamber contain carbon felt or graphite particles with diameter of 1-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The algae is Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite material contains 5-20 mass% of chromium component, 40-70 mass% of aluminum component and remainder of nickel. Preferred Material: The base material is stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Layer: The composite material optionally contains zirconium or zirconium-alloy layer. Preferred Material: The base material for composite material is stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The WFS type compressor is twin screw. The recovery system for the gas from the scrubber includes a molecular sieve and/or purifying equipment, where the recovery system for the water and included gas output of the scrubber is adapted to return methane to the scrubber and/or to remove the carbon dioxide and/or remove hydrogen sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process includes water recycling. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The to-be-processed waste material containing fat and oil, zeolite, and fat and oil of same kind as contained in the waste material are mixed, before performing mixing process of zeolite and to-be-processed waste material. The mixing process is carried out such that the zeolite in the mixture does not precipitate easily. The methane-fermentation process is carried out at 32-37 degrees C or 52-57 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method additionally involves vacuum filtering the HCO/solvent mixture to remove precipitated asphaltenes; and distilling the HCO-solvent mixture to remove solvent from the HCO/solvent mixture after removal of precipitated asphaltenes to create deasphalted and solvent free synthetic crude oil (SCO). The deasphalted HCO/solvent mixture is used as the feedstock for a chemical and/or biological oil upgrading process. The chemical and/or biological process uses enzyme sources (preferably soyabean husk), where the enzyme is peroxidase, and at least one oxidant (preferably hydrogen peroxide combined with iron oxide) in the presence of an acid (preferably acetic acid). The deasphalting time is less than or equal to 2 minutes (120 seconds) (preferably 60 seconds). The deasphalting solvent:HCO weight ratio is less than or equal to 3.5 (preferably less than or equal to 1.16, especially 0.91). Preferred Components: The alkane contains solvent selected from pentane, hexane and isooctane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The first bioreactor(s) are multiphasic bioreactors containing xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms from Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Acinetobacter or Alcaligenes forming biofilms. The second bioreactor(s) include consortium of yeasts from Saccharomyces, Klyveromyces, Candida, and/or Pichia; consortium of bacteria from Zymomonas, Erwinia, Serratia, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Clostridium, and/or Acetobacter; and bioreactor(s) for producing methane from the biomass by methanogenesis employing methanogen from Methanobacterium, Methanothrix, Methanosarcina or Methanomonas. The algae(s) are green algae, a blue-green algae and/or a red algae from Synechococcus, Chlorella, Synechocystis, Nitzchia, and/or Schizochytrium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first bioreactor includes an aerobic bioreactor including an inlet for oxygenation and introducing xenobiotic containing liquid into the system, and connected to a source of oxygen-containing gas from air, oxygen or hydrogen peroxide; and an anaerobic bioreactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The xenobiotic substrate is an aliphatic, aromatic, polycyclic or halogenated hydrocarbon; or a heteroaromatic compound. Preferred Method: The method further comprises recovering or purifying biofuel product(s), and returning non-fuel products from the second bioreactor(s) back to the first bioreactor(s) for further bioprocessing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The X-ray emitted from the X-ray target changes with germanium, chromium, vanadium or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The system further comprises: a digester (3) for digestion of raw materials comprising lignocellulose into particles having a size of 0.5 cm or smaller; a hydrolysis tank for hydrolyzing the precipitated cellulose and hemicellulose; a distillation column for separating components of a wash solution from the washer, where the distillation column is not a fractionation-distillation column; and a furnace.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The first solvent comprises ethanol at approximately 80% concentration. The first solvent further comprises carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and/or ozone. Preferred Method: The method does not comprise: separating cellulose from hemicellulose; and use of a solvent in addition to the first solvent. The method provides a mixture of pentoses and hexoses. The method of producing sugars from lignocellulose further comprises hydrolyzing the hydrated amorphous cellulose and hydrated amorphous hemicellulose to produce a composition comprising one or more sugars (at least 30 g/l, preferably at least 100 g/l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogen pole catalyst layer further contains platinum black particles (19). The oxygen electrode catalyst layer contains platinum black particles and/or iridium oxide particles (20) having specific surface area of 50 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence comprising the partial amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or the partial amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; or a fragment having endoglucanase activity. Preferred Method: Alternatively, producing the polypeptide comprises: (a) cultivating the host cell comprising the nucleic acid construct comprising the nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide. In a second alternative case, producing the polypeptide comprises: (a) cultivating a transgenic plant or a plant cell comprising the polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide. In degrading or converting the cellulosic material, the cellulolytic enzyme composition comprises one or more cellulolytic enzymes selected from a cellulase, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and beta -glucosidase. The method further comprises recovering the degraded cellulosic material. In fermenting the cellulosic material, the fermenting of the cellulosic material produces a fermentation product. SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - Specifically claimed are polynucleotide sequences having endoglucanase activity comprising 298-509 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1 and 3), and their encoded polypeptides comprising 73-112 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 2 and 4). All sequences are fully defined in the specification.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The wasted living matters and plants and made into charcoal using machine kiln or upright carbonization furnace on which a pipeline is provided for collecting the smoke. The wood vinegar is separated from the smoke by a wood vinegar separator. The wood tar is separated from the smoke into two wood tars with different concentrations using a two-level wood tar separator.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Materials: The control-release additive is made of attapulgite powders, feldspar powder, and bentonite at a ratio of 3:4:3. The fertilizer includes nutritional elements, including 5-10 pts. wt. of zinc sulfate and 1-2 pts. wt. of borax added to the control-release additive. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil is plant oil or animal oil. The plant oil is rape seed oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, maize oil, coconut oil, castor oil or sesame oil. The animal oil is lard, tallow oil or mutton fat. The low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol or propanol. Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of low-carbon alcohol to oil is 3-50:1. The catalyst is present at 0.25-3 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first concentration fuel solution and second concentration fuel solution are methanol aqueous solutions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The P. chrysosporium is from cumulose soil containing pig manure, leaves and wooden meal. Preferred Method: The P. chrysosporium is screened by taking enriched nutrient salt solution comprising (g/L) ammonium sulfate (10), calcium phosphate (0.5), potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and bean sprouts sucrose agar medium, screening fungi using bean sprouts sucrose agar medium, purifying fungi in PDA medium through dilution-plate method, inoculating the fungi to the enriched nutrient medium, culturing, inoculating strain to the orange peels, culturing at 25 degrees C for 6 days, and observing growth stage of the strain.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid solution is hydrochloric acid (5-10%) or sulfuric acid solution (0.5-1%). The base solution is sodium hydroxide solution (5-10%) or sodium bicarbonate solution (25-50%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The carbohydrate and sulfonating agent are mixed directly or in a non-aqueous solvent. The mixture is subjected to solvent thermal reaction at predetermined temperature, washed with deionized water and alcohol, filtered, dried and ground to obtain carbon solid acid catalyst. The solvent thermal reaction is carried out in a stainless steel reactor with a polyfluorotetraethylene lining at 150-200 degrees C for 16-72 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The mass ratio of carbohydrate and sulfonating agent is 1:0.5-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The treated oil is heated, and hydrocarbon of high molecular weight is gasified and separated. A portion of pyrolysis gas after washing is used as heat source of treated oil. The high molecular weight liquid hydrocarbon and high molecular weight gaseous hydrocarbon are returned to modification processing. Preferred Apparatus: The cooler is a water spray tower or heat exchanger. The system further has stripper (4) for vaporizing high molecular weight hydrocarbon by heating treated oil discharged from scrubbing tower, and a circulation piping for returning high molecular weight liquid hydrocarbon and high molecular weight gaseous hydrocarbon to upstream of modifier. The treated oil is kerosene, light oil and/or mechanical cleaning oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel salt is preferably nickel nitrate. The ratio of Ni to BZ is preferably 1:1-1:3. The nanosheets have a thickness of less than 20 nm. The edges of the hexagonal holes are substantially straight and parallel to each other. The edge angles of the hexagonal holes are 120 degrees . (I) has an electron diffraction data as given in the table specification. Preferred Process: The solvent removal is accomplished by a supercritical treatment. EXAMPLE - Nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2-6H2O) (9 g) was dissolved in absolute methanol (100 ml). 1 g of Urea and benzyl alcohol (BZ) was added to the mixture in the ratio nickel (Ni):BZ of 2 (molar ratio). After stirring for 1 hour, the mixture solution was transferred to an autoclave. The autoclave containing the reaction mixture was purged with 10 bar (7500 torr) argon (Ar) 5 times, and then a pressure of 10 bar (7500 torr) Ar was imposed before heating starts. The mixture was heated to 200 degrees C for 5 hours, then heated to 265 degrees C and maintained at that temperature for 1.5 hours, at last, the vapor inside was vented (for removing the solvent in the supercritical state). A dry jade-green powder was collected and subsequently calcined with a ramp rate of 3 degrees C/minute to 500 degrees C, then maintained at 500 degrees C for 6 hours. The powder produced from this preparation contained solely the nickel oxide nanosheets possessing the (111) crystallographic planes with hexagonal holes (edge angles of 120 degrees ).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The contacting of gas mixture with the absorbent composition, is preceded by contacting gas mixture with a washing solution for lowering the acid gas content and/or mercaptans in the gas mixture. The process comprises (after contacting the gas mixture with the absorbent composition): regenerating the absorbent composition by heating; drying on molecular sieve; and cooling and liquefying the gas mixture. Preferred Composition: The absorbent composition comprises: 60-90 (preferably 70-85) mass% of diol compound; and 10-40 (preferably 15-30) mass% of 2-4C thioalkanol. Preferred Components: The 2-4C thioalkanol is thiodiethylene glycol. The diol compound is triethylene glycol. The washing solution comprises alkanolamine, preferably mixture of alkanolamine, water and 2-4C thioalkanol (mixture of diethanolamine, water and thiodiethylene glycol). The gas mixture is natural gas. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is rhodium catalyst. The catalyst stabilizer is triphenylphosphine oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of water in step (A) is about 2-10 wt.% of the reaction mixture. The distillation of step (E) is conducted at an overhead temperature of less than 75 (preferably 43-75, especially 43-60, particularly 43-45) degrees C. The aqueous phase is introduced to methanol carbonylation reaction. Preferred Components: The heavy, organic phase of step (D) comprises (wt.%): methyl iodide (60-90), acetic acid (1-10), methyl acetate (2-15), the hydrocarbon impurity (1-10), and water (0.01-1). The extracting solution is an acetic acid aqueous solution, or methanol aqueous solution. EXAMPLE - A simulated alkane distillation bottoms stream (10 ml, containing 15 wt.% of methyl iodide, 15 wt.% of decane, and 70 wt.% of acetic acid) was mixed with an acetic acid aqueous solution (10 ml) in separation funnel at room temperature (25 degrees C). A phase separation occurred. The aqueous phase and the organic phase were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance infrared probe measurements. The organic phase comprised of (wt.%): decane (74.4), methyl iodide (22.1) and acetic acid (7.5), whereas the aqueous phase comprised of (wt.%): decane (1.7), methyl iodide (6.7), acetic acid (78.7), and water (12.9).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biomass preferably contains cellulose and further contains lignin. An enzyme chosen from cellulase, xylanase, amylase, glycosidase and/or xylosidase is used during the manufacturing process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photocatalyst contains silicon and/or iron-silicide (SiFe2 or FeSi2). A co-catalyst containing platinum is further supported in an amount of 0.005-0.5 mass% on the surface of the photocatalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The light irradiated is visible light.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The iron-type coagulant is ferric polysulfate, ferric chloride and/or polysilica iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms have acceptance number of FERM P-20412, FERM P-20413 and/or FERM P-20414.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves nitrification process of nitrifying ammonium ion in wastewater to nitrite ion before denitrifying process. The microorganisms which have capability to nitrify ammonium ion to nitrous acid on normal temperature of - 60 degrees C conditions are used for nitrification process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The alloy provides metal hydride by occlusion of hydrogen at low temperature of (-30)-40 degrees C, preferably (-5)-25 degrees C under hydrogen pressure of 0.1-35 MPa, preferably 0.1-10 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-catalyst is porphyrin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular compound is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene imine or polyalginic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The plant product is banana, pineapple, sisal, tender coconut, jute or allied fiber. The plant product is pepper kernel embedded in fresh or dried pepper Piper nigrum. Preferred Method: The plant fibers embedded in banana pseudo stem sheath, pineapple fibers embedded in pineapple leaves, sisal fibers embedded in sisal leaves, plant fibers embedded in stalk or jute or allied plants, plant product embedded in fresh green pepper P. nigrum berries are extracted by contacting with the aqueous liquor for greater than or equal to 3, greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 3 days, and greater than or equal to 2 days respectively; or the plant fibers embedded in tender coconut husks are extracted by contacting with the aqueous liquor for greater than or equal to 2 weeks. The rate of circulation is done so that pH of liquor in the contacting vessel is maintained at 4-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroprocessing involves a catalyst comprising molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, iron and/or platinum on an amorphous or crystalline oxide matrix.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydroprocessing step comprises many hydroprocessing stages. The pulping process comprises a kraft pulping process. The process further comprises recycling and recovering salt components of the black liquor. Preferred Components: The lignin containing feedstock further comprises one or more components comprising: dried biomass and/or refinery residuals; or pyrolysis oil from forestry slash, by-products from cellulosic hydrolysis and/or byproducts from fermentation. The lignin-containing feedstock comprises lignin separated from black liquor from a pulping process. The hydroprocessing involves: a reductive gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and/or methanol. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Property: The filter paper unit activity of enzyme (a) in the disentanglement pulp is lower than the filter paper unit activity of enzymes in the saccharified liquid. Preferred Process: The microorganisms are added to the saccharification reaction apparatus used as a fermentation apparatus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The refiner is an apparatus separated by difference in specific gravity and/or an apparatus separated by difference in size. The saccharification system further has a washing apparatus (20) to wash the foreign substance separated by the refiner and a recycling apparatus to recover washing liquid which washed the foreign substance, and is provided into the disaggregation tank of the disaggregation processing apparatus. Preferred Process: The disentanglement pulp obtained using the disaggregation processing apparatus is supplied continuously or batch-wise to the refiner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the crucifer vegetable is Chinese cabbage or white turnip. Spraying fertilizer on surfaces of leaves and pouring roots once when the Chinese cabbage has grown for 15-25 days. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Vaccine.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The pressure molding is carried out at 600-2000 degrees C under pressure of 500-1500 ton/cm2 for 20-400 minutes. The plasticizing is performed in vacuum furnace in which inflow of oxygen is intercepted. The catalyst contains powder lanthanum, nano tourmaline and platinum. The amount (in weight parts) of carbon-powder, nickel oxide powder, decarboxylation soda powder and catalyst is 2-15, 80-360, 20-130 and 10-200, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The absorbing liquid enriched in carbon dioxide (CO2) is split into two fractions; a first part of the absorbing liquid enriched in CO2 is led to a first heat exchanger, thereby heating the first part of the absorbing liquid enriched in CO2; a second part of the absorbing liquid enriched in CO2 is led to a second heat exchanger, thereby heating the second part of the absorbing liquid enriched in CO2; and the hot gas stream enriched in CO2 is led to the second heat exchanger and used to heat the second part of the absorbing liquid enriched in CO2 through heat exchange. The gas stream enriched in carbon dioxide is pressurized using a carbon dioxide compressor to produce a pressurized carbon dioxide stream. Preferred Components: The ratio between the first and second part of the absorbing liquid enriched in CO2 is 1:1 to 9:1 (preferably 1:1 to 4:1, especially 7:3). The absorbing liquid comprises at least one amine. The amine is monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diglycolamine (DGA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), triethanolamine (TEA), N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), N,N'-di(hydroxyalkyl)piperazine, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(hydroxyalkyl)-1,6-hexanediamine or tertiary alkylamine sulfonic acid compounds. The absorbing liquid further comprises a physical solvent. The absorbing liquid comprises ammonia. The pressure of the CO2-enriched gas stream is 5 to 30 bara (preferably 8 to 30 bara). The pressurized carbon dioxide stream is used for enhanced oil recovery. EXAMPLE - A flue gas comprising 4.1% carbon dioxide was routed to absorber column with a flow rate of 499.1 Nm3/seconds. In the absorber, 85% of the CO2 was absorbed. About 18% of the CO2-enriched solvent stream leaving the absorber was led via heat exchanger to a column. The remainder of the stream leaving absorber was led to heat exchanger. This resulted in a duty of reboiler of 231.1 MW. The process enabled a reduction in reboiler duty of about 9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The microorganisms are isolated from lakes-and-marshes bottom sludge and soil of Abiko city. EXAMPLE - Microorganism sample was collected from lakes and marshes bottom sludge or soil of Abiko city. The sample was subjected to stirring under shaking for 1 hour. After stirring the soil fraction, grain was separated into solid and liquid to obtain the microbial suspension. The inorganic basal medium was prepared and autoclaved. Chromium salt and inorganic components (yeast extract and sodium lactate) were mixed before the experiment and then subjected to filtration using filter of 0.22 mu m pore size. Then, the collected sample was suspended on the above medium and cultured. After culturing, the microorganisms of 2 types CrRB-1 and CrRB-2 were isolated. One of the microorganism CrRB-1 was confirmed as a yellow coccus and another microorganism CrRB-2 was confirmed as white bacillus and both of them were confirmed as gram positive bacteria belonging to Cellulosimicrobium genus.
EXAMPLE - Paraffin and KF757 (RTM: cobalt-molybdenum-type desulfurization catalyst) were subjected to hydrogenation process at 315 degrees C under partial pressure of 4.0 MPa for 3.5 hours, to obtain hydro de-sulfurized fuel oil with sulfur content of 0.3 mass ppm derived from a sulfur compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Properties: The mass ratio of treated water recycled to denitrifying tank from nitrification tank is 2-8 with respect to feed rate of natural water. The pH of the acid generation tank is 4.5-6.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The ultrasonic cavitation generator is a high frequency vibration generating apparatus capable of generating vibration having frequency of 20 kHz or more. The cavitation generator has a diaphragm for transmitting high frequency vibration through a connection rod, and reflecting plate arranged at interval of 10 mm or less with respect to diaphragm. The strainer is a double strainer. A pressure indicator (5) is arranged at front stage of strainer. The strainer is switched, when the pressure is more than regulation value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) has a density of 775-840 (preferably 750-840) kg/m3 at 15 degrees C, and a difference between T90 (90% recovery temperature) and T10 (10% recovery temperature) of at least 10 degrees C. (I) further comprises: p-cymene (at least 0.5 vol.%); a petroleum-based fuel (preferred); a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel (preferred); and a fuel additive, which is an oxygenate, an antioxidant (preferred), a thermal stability improver, a stabilizer, a cold flow improver, a combustion improver, an antifoam, an antihaze additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, an icing inhibitor, an injector cleanliness additive, a smoke suppressant, a drag reducing additive, a metal deactivator, a dispersant, a detergent, a de-emulsifier, a dye, a marker, a static dissipater and/or a biocide. (I) comprises: limonene (15-60 (preferably 15-30) vol.%); farnesane (5-45 (preferably 10-30) vol.%); p-cymene (0.5-25 (preferably 0.5-20) vol.%); and a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch-based fuel (at least 20 (preferably at least 40) vol.%). (I) meets the ASTMD 1655 specification for Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet B. Preferred Components: The farnesane is (6R,11R)-2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane, (6S,11R)-2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane, (6S,11S)-2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane and/or (6R,11S)-2,6,10-trimethyl-dodecane. The limonene is (S)- or (R)-1-isopropyl-4-methyl-cyclohexane. The petroleum-based fuel is kerosene, Jet A, Jet A-1 and/or Jet B. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of 50% AMJ-700 comprising 50% limonene, 10% cymene and 40% farnesane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: M1 further involves performing an ultra-high temperature gasification process to the dry solid waste to produce inorganic material and a hydrocarbon gas; returning the inorganic material to the landfill and treating the hydrocarbon liquid to produce synthetic fuel. M2 further involves performing an ultra-high temperature gasification process to the dry solid waste to produce inorganic material and a hydrocarbon gas; returning the inorganic material to the landfill; distilling the hydrocarbon gas to produce hydrocarbon liquid, and treating the hydrocarbon liquid to produce synthetic fuel. M3 further involves recycling hydrocarbon gas from the solid distillation de-polymerization process to produce heat to operate the solid distillation process; distilling the water vapor from the solid distillation de-polymerization process; distilling the hydrocarbon gas to produce hydrocarbon liquid and hydrotreating the hydrocarbon liquid to produce synthetic fuel. Methods (M1) to (M3) further involve recovering non-ferrous metals from the dry solid waste; and recycling the hydrocarbon gas from the ultra-high temperature gasification process to produce heat for any of the processes of the method. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The microwave absorber consists of metal oxide, metal nitride, or metal carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding (in weight parts) microorganisms (2) to the primary raw material, when moisture control material (35) is added in organic refuses (63), and then carrying out primary fermentation at 60-80 degrees C for 48 hours. The secondary fermentation is carried out for 48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The light-scattering layer further contains charge-transporting material. The light-scattering inducer is adamantane derivative of formula (1), silicon monoxide, and/or hydrocarbon compound having alkyl structure. The hydrocarbon compound having alkyl structure is saturated-hydrocarbon compound which includes an ethylene (-CH2CH2-) structure, and does not include a double bond, or linear saturated-hydrocarbon compound.R1-R4,X1-X12=H, 1-6C alkyl, 2-6C alkenyl, 2-6C alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, 1-6C alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, amino, nitro, cyano, ester, amide, halo, 1-6C perfluoroalkyl, or silyl, and at least one of R1-R4 is group having double bond or triple bond.Preferred Composition: The light-scattering layer contains (in mass%) adamantane derivative (5-90), silicon monoxide (5-50) and/or hydrocarbon compound (0.1-70) having alkyl structure. Preferred Process: The light-scattering layer is formed by vapor-codepositing light-scattering inducer and charge-transporting material. The organic electroluminescent element is heat-processed, after formation of the light-scattering layer. Preferred Properties: The light-scattering layer has light-scattering property by crystallization, aggregation or phase-separation of the light-scattering inducer. The hydrocarbon compound having alkyl structure is solid in room temperature. The vapor-deposition rate at the time of forming the light-scattering layer is 1 Angstrom /second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lime is calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or dolomitic lime.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The extraction apparatus is operated in cocurrent or countercurrent mode. The optional pre-filtration is applied when the raw material contains solid impurities.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The methanol used to extract the raw material is pure anhydrous methanol or aqueous methanol with water. The reaction of extract phase with lime is performed in reactor having reflux condenser and stirrer. The makeup methanol is equal to the methanol that passed into the raffinate phase plus retained by calcium soaps under the given conditions of extraction. EXAMPLE - Extract phase was treated with calcium hydroxide. Used frying oil containing free fatty acid (7.1 pts. wt.) was extracted with methanol in a single step. Extract and raffinate phases had been separated. After determining its composition, the extract phase has been reacted with calcium hydroxide by stirring with magnetic stirrer under reflux at 65 degrees C. The composition of methanol phase was separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, determined and used in the extraction of new part of used frying oil by applying the same conditions as with the first extraction. The composition of extract phase was determined. The quality analysis of composition of three extract phases and used frying oil had been performed by using thin layer chromatography. The total dissolved material in the extract phases had been determined by evaporation. The free fatty acid content was determined by alkali titration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gasification catalyst further comprises a source of soluble alkali metal compounds, which is not from biomass char leachate. The alkali metal comprises potassium (preferred) and/or sodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (c) further comprises wet-grinding the carbonaceous feedstock with the leachate. In the process for the preparation of particulate composition, the carbonaceous feedstock is contacted with the leachate and additional gasification catalyst. In the process for converting the particulate composition, a char is formed in the reacting step, the char is removed from the gasifying reactor and sent to a catalyst recovery and recycle process, and the gasification catalyst comprises gasification catalyst recycled from the catalyst recovery and recycle process. Preferred Components: The carbonaceous feedstock comprises a coal and/or petroleum coke. The composition has a residual moisture content of less than 8 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light shell is made from glass fiber reinforced plastic or the like.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The semipermeable membrane, porous membrane, ceramic membrane and zeolite material membrane comprises molecular sieve. EXAMPLE - 80% mixture of ethanol and water (5140 kg) per hour was fed into evaporator, and 4440 kg 99.8 % mixture of ethanol and water was obtained per hour from membrane unit, at 430 kW thermal energy used in evaporator, 85 kW thermal energy used in boiler of the distilling unit, 22 kW thermal energy used as a barrier steam in the vapor recompression unit, and 75 kW electrical energy used for driving compressor of the vapor recompression unit. The consumption of thermal energy was 537 kW for 5140 kg 80% mixture of ethanol and water (0.104 kW/kg) and the consumption of electrical energy was 75 kW for 5140 kg 80% mixture of ethanol and water (0.0146 kW/kg), thus 0.1186 kW per kg 80% ethanol was used for dewatering 80% mixture of ethanol and water to 99.8% mixture of ethanol and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The biomass is further subjected to cracking reaction in mixer pump at 250-380 degrees C, and the dewatering of fuel is carried out. The fuel is utilized for generating electricity. The fuel is combusted in a turbine, and the exhaust gas from the turbine is utilized for generating cracking temperature and drying fresh biomass such as biological waste material. The exhaust gas of turbine is used for introducing heat in thermal oil circulation which produces cracking temperature. The biological waste material is residual of material containing sugar beet, rapeseed and wood. The portion (B) of non-outgassed liquid fraction is heated. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises a processing device, a storage tank (50) fluidly connected to the condenser for receiving fuel, a turbine (54) which receives fuel from the storage tank, a generator (56) which operatively connected to the turbine, and an ultrasound device disposed between the reservoir and the transport device. The processing device is a centrifuge in which downstream of the outlet of condenser is disposed, and the fuel is dewatered. The receiving tank has a double-jacketed configuration for circulation of hot thermal oil. The thermal oil has a temperature adjusted to closely reach the cracking temperature. The receiving tank is portion of a circulation system for the thermal oil. The circulation system further includes a heat exchanger. The generator is connected to the public power grid. The biomass mixture includes biocatalyst and/or biological residue. The heating unit is communicated with the circulation system of hot thermal oil for receiving heat energy from the thermal oil. The apparatus includes a primary flow circulation system to catalytically crack a biomass in the form of a mixture of biological residue and biocatalyst to produces a liquid fraction and a vapor fraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent for adsorbing argon is type X zeolite, silver-exchanged zeolite or activated carbon. The zeolite for adsorbing nitrogen is type X zeolite whose cation species are partly exchanged by lithium ions or calcium ions. The carbon monoxide adsorbent is a material obtained by supporting a copper(I)halide and/or a copper(II)halide on at least one support comprising silica, alumina, or polystyrene type resins, or an adsorbent obtained by reduction treatment of the material. The regeneration of the adsorbent bed is carried out on the vacuum side lower than ordinary pressure. The zeolite for adsorbing carbon monoxide is type 5A zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The vinyl carboxylic amide is N-vinylformamide. EXAMPLE - A polyethylene film was immersed in polymerizable composition containing (in mass%) N-vinylformamide (99.5), divinylbenzene (0.5), and t-butyl peroxy ethylhexanoate (5), and heat-polymerized at 80 degrees C for 5 hours. The polymerized film was immersed in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (5 mol/l) and hydrolyzed at 80 degrees C for 8 hours. Subsequently, the hydrolyzed film was immersed in 20 mass% methyl iodide-ethanol solution for 1 hour. The process of immersing in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and ethanol was repeated and an anion exchange membrane having quaternary ammonium-containing repeating unit was produced. The membrane had excellent anion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity. The diaphragm produced using the anion exchange membrane provided fuel cells with excellent output characteristics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution (B) contains 50-300 weight parts of growth regulator of metal particles with respect to 100 weight parts of metallic compound. The solution (A) contains polyhydric alcohol-type compound (100 weight parts) and platinum chloride (0.0001-0.08). The platinum chloride is used as a nucleation agent. Preferred Component: The metallic compound is chosen from nickel, copper, silver, gold, nitrification component of bismuth, sulfate, oxycarbide, hydroxide, and chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyhydric alcohol type compound is bivalent or trivalent 2-10C alkyl alcohol-type compound, preferably ethylene glycol. The growth regulator of metal particles is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The 3-way valve is 3-way solenoid valve. The apparatus has sensor which identifies the layer containing glycerin as main component and layer containing fatty acid alkyl ester as main component, between the reaction tank and 3-way valve, waste strainer which has holes installed between the outlet port of the heating tank and inlet of processing column (5) and/or between the outlet port of reaction tank and processing column (8). The opening and closing of the 3-way solenoid valve is controlled based on the sensor. The storage container is a damp-proof container capable of preserving the lower alcohol solution before equipping the column to the production apparatus. The column container has container mainframe and heat-shrinkable film, and easily openable film which seals the inlet and exit. The easily openable film of the exit has a peel portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The preservative is sodium nitrite. The decoloring agent is sodium hypochlorite, peroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate or sodium hydrochloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diesel oil comprises (pts. vol.): diesel oil (70), methanol (15), cosolvent (25), kerosene or white oil (5), cetane additive (0.1), acetone (2), and preservative (0.1). Preferred Components: The methanol is 99.9 % refined alcohol extracted from natural gas or coal. The white oil is solvent oil or raffinate oil. The cetane additive is nitric acid isopentyl acetate, nitric acid n-hexyl acetate or isopropyl nitric acid acetate. The vol. ratio of waste oil or industrial palm oil to 98% sulfuric acid is 100:0.5-1. The waste oil is waste animal oil and/or waste vegetable oil. The adding amount of 30% brine is 0.5-1 vol.% of the acidic biological oil. The content of industrial alkaline is 5 mass% of brine. The vol. ratio of waste oil or industrial palm oil, sulfuric acid and decoloring agent is 100:1-2:2-3. Preferred Method: The cosolvent comprising raw materials containing activating agent component is prepared by adding sulfuric acid into waste oil or industrial palm oil to obtain acidic biological oil; adding brine containing industrial alkaline into acidic biological oil, stirring, statically placing, and taking clear solution weak acidic biological oil; heating weak acidic biological oil, distilling, cooling and refluxing; or heating waste oil or industrial palm oil, adding sulfuric acid and decoloring agent, stopping heating until liquid is yellow or red; and cooling and removing foreign material via filtering. The pH value is neutralized to 8-10. The time for statically placing is 4 hours. The temperature of outlet of the distillation is 280-300 degrees C. The heating process is carried out at 60-80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst consists of platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, nickel, cobalt, ceric oxide, cobalt (II) oxide, tricobalt tetraoxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, Manganese (II, II) oxide, bismuth (III) oxide, tin (IV) oxide, iron (III) oxide, iron (II, II) oxide, titanium oxide, niobium pentoxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium dioxide, lanthanum (III) oxide, samarium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and/or calcium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel is hydrocarbon and/or alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The trace element is zinc sulfate, borax, and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The crushed tobacco stalk is obtained by crushing the collected and air-cured tobacco stalk using a crusher. Preferred Component: The plant straw powder is peanut shell powder and/or rice shell powder. Preferred Parameter: The length of the obtained materials in the first step after crushing is not greater than 0.5 cm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixed fuel comprises (wt.%) gasoline (83), methanol (13), and miscible solvent (2). Preferred Ratio: The weight ratio of the dimethoxymethane, the diethoxymethane, and the methoxy ethoxy methane is 3:4-6:1.5-2.5 (preferably 3:5:2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The additive comprises calcium oxide powder, raw coal powder, coal gangue, potassium permanganate powder, clay powder and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The strains used in the fermentation are Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenuse anomala, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus megaterium.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The cheese whey and milk are used as raw material containing lactose. The sugar beet squeeze, sugarcane squeeze, sugar beet treacle, sugarcane treacle are used as raw material containing sucrose, galactose, fructose, glucose and raffinose. The yeast strain is chosen from K.marxianus (NITE BP-465) and K.marxianus (NBRC0541). The ethanol fermentation is performed in the culture medium containing 15-20% mixed glycogen when K.marxianus (NITE BP-465) is used. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution. The catalyst is quaternary ammonium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Catalyzing and compounding triazines weedicide comprises: (a) dissolving cyanuric chloride into organic solvent, dissolving mixture at negative 10 to 10 degrees C; (b) the first substitution reaction: dripping organic substituted ammonia X solution at 0-30 degrees C, formula of organic substituted ammonia X is R1-NH2; then dripping 30% liquid alkali solution at this temperature, reacting for 10-20 minutes; (c) after finishing reaction in (b), adding catalyst in reaction system, agitating the mixture for 5-20 minutes; (d) the second substitution reaction: controlling temperature at 18-60 degrees C, dripping organic substituted ammonia Y solution, the formula of organic substituted ammonia Y is R2-NH2; after finishing dripping, dripping the 30% liquid alkali solution at this temperature, reacting for 10-20 minutes; (e) after finishing reaction, distilling and recovering organic solvent, separating, purifying and obtaining target product (III).R1, R2=upto 20C alkyl, upto 8C cycloalkyl or upto 10C aryl.Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, benzene, and benzene serial derivate. The organic solvent is toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixing gas is a methane gas, furnace gas, coke oven gas, cracking vent gas or other vent gases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The raw material of kudzuvine root is crushed to the fineness of 1.2-1.5 mm. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the water required for blending with kudzuvine root and the dry kudzuvine root is 1-3:1. The usage amount of ammonium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and wine with respect to 100 g of kudzuvine root material is 0.05-0.15%, 0.05-0.15% respectively. The usage amount of active dry yeast or fresh yeast with respect to 100g of kudzuvine root material is 0.01-0.03% or 0.03-0.1% respectively. Preferred Process: The cellulase treatment involves adjusting the pH to 4-4.5 by adding hydrochloric acid, adding cellulose for per gram of kudzuvine root in the ratio of 0-3.5 U, and processing the enzyme treatment at 45-50 degrees C for 10-25 minutes. The water treatment involves adding alpha -amylase for per gram of crushed kudzuvine root in the ratio of 2-10 U, and processing the stewing treatment for 20-25 minutes. The saccharification treatment involves adding maltogenic amylase for per gram of crushed kudzuvine root in the ratio of 20-100 U, and processing saccharification treatment for 5-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The power generating bacteria and air generating bacteria are flora or pure bacteria obtained from gastric juice of ruminant animals. The redox potential of the power generating bacteria suspension and air generating bacteria suspension has 0.3-0.5 V difference. The microorganism nutrient solution contains vitamin D, peptone and inorganic salt chosen from potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate and sodium chloride. The working liquid is carbonate or bicarbonate solution. The amount of power generating bacteria added is 1 ml containing 1-10x 106 bacteria. The amount of air generating bacteria added is 1 ml containing 1-10x 105 bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkali is alkali hydroxide metallic compound, alkali hydroxide earth-metal compound, alkali metal alkoxide and/or alkaline-earth metal alkoxide, or strongly basic anion exchange resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction is implemented by batch type or continuous type reaction. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The lower alcohol is methanol.    EXAMPLE - PA306 (RTM: strongly basic anion exchange resin of chloride form) (in g) (15) was mixed with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (75 ml) and desalted water and converted into hydroxide form. The obtained product was washed with desalted water (150 ml) and added with methanol (75 ml) to obtain basic catalyst resin. Methyl oleate (6.4), methanol (4), triolein (11) and the obtained catalyst resin (6) were agitated at 50 degrees C, to obtain fatty acid ester. The conversion ratio of triolein, when measured after 8 hours of the reaction, was 84%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas stemming comprises gas stemming of carbon dioxide. Preferred Methods: The heating of starch rich fraction is carried out using generated in the heat force coupling.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The device includes unit for storage of starch-rich fraction and/or residue fraction. The unit for enzymatic conversion comprises two containers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The starch-rich fraction optionally after conservation treatment is stored. The enzyme system comprises amylase(s) and amyloglucosidase(s). The enzymes for enzymatic conversion and/or ferments for conversion by fermentation are retained. The residue fraction is stored. The starch source comprises corn. Preferred Methods: The second, third, and fourth steps are performed under aseptic circumstances. The gelled starch from starch-rich fraction is pressed. The enzymatic conversion comprises enzymatic conversion of starch into sugars and conversion of sugars into conversion products such as ethanol by fermentation. The fifth step comprises ethanol distillation particularly by gas stemming and ethanol condensation. The residue fraction and/or thick fraction from biogas fermentation is treated using calcium hydroxide. The thick fraction is heated for removal of dissolved carbon dioxide. The ammonia formed is removed by using carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal hydride is magnesium hydride of formula: MgHx, where x is 0-2. The grain-boundary phase is interposed between aluminum hydride matrix phase. The metal particles are nickel or iron. Preferred Properties: The edge length of aluminum hydride matrix phase is 20 nm or less. The width of grain-boundary phase is 10 nm or less. The particle size of nickel particles and iron particles is 20-40 nm. Preferred Condition: The hydrogenation process is carried out at gravitational acceleration force of 5-20 G for 30 minutes-15 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The diameter of the through hole is measured according to the JIS R6001 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The intermediate layer comprises an oxide containing nickel and/or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxidant is selected from hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite (preferably hydrogen peroxide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrocatalytic anode and cathode are made of palladium and iridium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reductant is selected from methanol, isopropanol, propanol, ethanol, acetone, oxalic acid, formic acid, formaldehyde, acetic acid, and acetaldehyde (preferably isopropanol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of alginate and alanine is 100:5-500 mass parts. The ratio of alginate, alanine, nitrate ion, phosphate and ammonium ions are 100:5-500:2000:0-100:200 mass parts. EXAMPLE - Sodium nitrate (in g/l) (1), tribasic sodium phosphate (0.5), ammonium sulfate (0.5), alanine (0.5) and sodium alginate (0.5) were mixed to obtain growth stimulant of microorganisms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum compound contains hexachloroplatinic acid. The coating liquid for catalyst formation contains iridium chlorate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The amount of the live yeast is 1-500 g/ton dry substance of the used biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, a combination of the active yeast; the enzyme complex containing polysaccharidase (preferably beta -glucanase and cellulase), protease and lipase; and protopine- and/or benzophenanthridine alkaloid (preferred) is used. Preferred Components: The alkaloid is from natural and/or synthetic source. The alkaloid is added in the form of plant components, pressed plant juices, extract of plant materials and/or in the form of their salts as synthetic alkaloid. The alkaloids are derived from Papaveraceae. The total amount of the alkaloid is 0.1-500 ppm, relative to the dry substance of the used biomass. The amount of the polysaccharidase in the enzyme complex is 1-500 g/ton dry substance of the used biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The exothermic material that reacts with water in the container is selected from one of calcium oxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal material used in container for producing hydrogen is selected from one of aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium and their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: (I) and the volatile insect repellent composition further comprises 0.5-15 wt.% of essential oil derived from plant parts of Chromolaena odorata. Preferred Components: The plant parts of Ocimum basilicum are leaves. The plant parts of Chromolaena odorata are stems and/or leaves.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizing agent is beta glucan, alginic acid, dammar gum, gellan gum, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, sodium alginate and/or xanthan gum. The volatile hydrocarbon is methanol, propane, n-butane, isobutene, dimethyl ether and/or methyl ethyl ether. ACTIVITY - Insect Repellent; Insecticide; Pesticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Grinding organic waste material and fish offal together with acid is conducted at pH 3.4-3.8. The ground organic waste material is added with 5-15 vol.% silage. Hydrolysis is conducted at 5-20 degrees C until the resulting slurry has a viscosity of 500-350 mPa.s at 20 degrees C. The hydrolyzed mixture is periodically stirred gently to avoid sedimentation of solid material. Preferred Components: The lower organic acid is formic acid, formic acid partially neutralized with ammonia, mixture of formic acid and propionic acid, or propionic acid. EXAMPLE - Food waste comprising sausages/minced meat, fish, bread and vegetables was ground twice in meat grinder together with formic add (80%) to pH 3.8. Enzymes were added in the form of silage made from fish offal ground twice in the meat grinder together with formic acid to pH 3.8. The fish silage was added to the ground organic waste material at 5, 10 and 15 vol.%, respectively. Hydrolysis was conducted at 5 degrees C and 20 degrees C, respectively. The product obtained after processing had low viscosity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The production of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon products onboard marine vessel, from at least one gas, liquid or solid, carbonaceous feedstock, involves conducting gasification in the thermal conversion plant operationally connected to an onboard powerplant unit and forming Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, where the thermal conversion plant sends a gas stream intermediate product from the conversion plant to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The gas stream intermediate product comprises carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) gas. The thermal conversion plant comprises containment device holding a molten metallic material. The carbonaceous feedstock is fed into contact with the molten material in a manner to conduct gasification of the feedstock into a gas stream intermediate product. The thermal conversion plant periodically injects water or seawater into the molten metallic material to produce a gas stream intermediate product of a predetermined CO to H2 composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves storing the removed solid content for future use; heating the removed solid content to reduce solids moisture content to about 50%; exhausting the gas into the atmosphere in accordance with predefined environmental air quality standards; removing undesirable contaminants from the liquid output to the extent required to comply with predefined water quality standards for water used for washing down animals and/or flushing animal wastes; removing undesirable contaminants from the liquid output to the extent required to comply with predefined water quality standards for irrigation water; and introducing an additive selected from polyacrylamide, ferric chloride or ferric sulfate into the fragmented waste slurry for providing agglomeration of solid particles. In the method, prior to the fragmenting step, the method involves filtering the waste slurry to remove relatively large objects from the waste slurry. The step of gasifying includes producing gas having a heating value of 600-1200 british thermal unit (BTU); processing the gas to produce electrical energy; and processing the gas to produce heat energy. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The red rust (iron sesquioxide) is reduced to black rust (triiron tetraoxide) by iron reduction bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The zymophyte is selected by inoculating bacterial strain of cellulose decomposition bacteria and microzyme with different sources to the substrate material respectively, performing aeration fermentation, turning the pile every 10 days, measuring the temperature and the changing condition of nitrate nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen every day, selecting high-temperature-resistant bacteria, measuring water-soluble organic material and reducing sugar content respectively after 40 days, and selecting microzyme and cellulose decomposition bacteria with strong decomposition capacity to be the zymophyte. The bio-antagonist is selected by inoculating bacterial strains of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, ceraceous Bacillus and annular Bacillus with disease-resistant and root-knot nematode-resistant functions to the fermented substrate material respectively to perform second fermentation; multiplying the bacteria and cultivating the vesicular-arbuscular mycelium and spore compound; formulating with the substrate material containing the bacterial strains as species; and selecting the microbial inoculum with better effect for pure cultivation through seedling experiment, detection and inhibitory action experiment in the field. When the bio-antagonist is biological Bacillus, cultivation of bio-antagonist includes fermenting in potato dextrose agar at pH 6-7, 25-40 degrees C, 200-240 rpm and 50-80% dissolved oxygen for 25-33 hours to form bio-antagonist liquid with spore amount of greater than or equal to 1x 1010/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The seedling substrate comprises bio-antagonist substrate material (70-80%), biochemical humic acid (6%), swelling mica (15-20%) and root exudate sorption agent (1%). ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supercarbonate is sodium bicarbonate added at a concentration of 0-1200 mg/L, and the specific adding amount is determined by the alkalinity of the inlet water, total nitrogen, and pH value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The acquired solar heat energy as an energy source is exploited. A portion of electric power for storing solar heat energy and/or motive power is obtained using solar heat energy. A portion of electric power to store solar heat energy, motive power and/or heat is obtained, using synthesized ammonia as a fuel. A portion of exploited solar heat energy as a heat source is obtained by a parabolic dish type beam condensing unit and/or a solar tower configuration beam condensing unit (150). The hydrogen is generated from water utilizing electric power as a heat source. The water is electrolyzed with electric power, and generates hydrogen. The solar heat energy is acquired by parabolic trough type beam condensing unit (160). The ammonia is synthesized using directly acquired solar heat energy as motive power source. The exploited solar heat energy as heat source is obtained by parabolic trough type beam condensing unit. The obtained hydrogen and nitrogen are burned using in-air oxygen. The nitrogen is obtained with respect to low temperature separation of air using electrical power and/or motive power.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The artificial wetland plant bed has gravel substrate with different granular diameters and is planted with wetland plants. The sewage in the pipe-shaped sand sediment trap flows into upper water distribution pipe network, then flows into lower water distribution pipe network though gravel layer. The sewage collected by the lower water distribution pipe network flows into another lower water distribution pipe network though the lower connecting pipe. The water flowing from the lower layer water distribution pipe network flows up into another upper water distribution pipe network though gravel layer and flows into the vertical gravitationally flowing aerator through the upper wall pipe. The reservoir of organism is planted with water plant and grown with fish.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (disclosed): The Enterobacter aerogenes strain HU201 or E.aerogenes strain HU202 is isolated from soil and water optionally containing surplus sludge. Preferred Properties: The above-mentioned bacteria can assimilate 15 g/l or more of glycerol from raw material liquid (50 g/l). Preferred Components: The raw material liquid contains corn steep liquor. The glycerol concentration of raw material liquid is 20 g/l. The pH of the fermented liquor is 6.5-7.5. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameter: The liquid and residue for producing fertilizer is utilized after more than half a year. Preferred Condition: The sterilization step is carried out at 100 degrees C for 8-10 hours at normal pressure or 2 hours at 0.138 MPa. Preferred Method: The edible fungus is cultivated by mixing (wt.%) crushed mulberry side product-mulberry branches (86-88), cake flour (1.9-2.1), wheat bran (9-11) and terra alba (0.9-1.1), adding water (55-60 wt.% of dry mixture), mixing uniformly, packing and sterilizing, and inoculating on edible fungus. The liquid fertilizer is applied by spraying on surface of fungus bed, keeping soil in fungus bed flat, watering with clean water and covering with agricultural film to keep temperature and humidity after liquid fertilizer permeates and water on surface of fungus dries.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stacking and pretreating step comprises adding (wt.%) superphosphate (0-2) and urea (0-0.5) to silkworm excrement, adding water, mixing uniformly and stacking for 7-8 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Inoculum: The compound microbial fermentation inoculum for producing organic fertilizer by using decomposed organic waste is prepared by seven processes of namely slant culturing, shaking culturing, seed pot fermenting, fermentation pot fermenting, mixed absorbing, airing, and inspecting and packing, where the culture mediums for the slant culturing and shaking culturing of the microbial inoculum strains comprises: (a) beef extract-peptone culture mediums; (b) tomato culture medium; (c) bean sprouts-agar-agar culture medium; (d) starch amine culture medium; (e) azotobacter culture medium; (f) silicate bacterium culture medium; and (g) ammoniacal nitrogen nitrobacteria culture medium; the seed pot and fermentation pot culture mediums take soybean milk, starch and glucose as raw materials and then are combined with corresponding trace elements; the strains of the microbial inoculum are taken as the strains of the seed pot when they reach the exponential phase of growth in the shaking culture, and they enter the fermentation pot for enlarging the propagation when the fermenting culture in the pot reaches the exponential phase of growth; Trichoderma koningii, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma aureoviride, thermophilic Sporotrichum, Trichoderma viride, Lactobacillus and nitrobacteria are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 3:3:3:3:3:3:1:1 when the fermentation is carried out for 48 to 96 hours; the mixture is absorbed to vermiculite according to the ratio of 3:1 to obtain the microbial inoculum 1; the Bacillus megatherium, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Lactobacillus and nitrobacteria are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 3:3:3:1:1, and then the mixture is absorbed to vermiculite according to the ratio of 3:1 to obtain the microbial inoculum 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rotten mud is from bottom of a river embankment, or precipitation of a kennel hole. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial inoculum comprises 100 parts of bacillus subtilis by volume and 0.1-1 part of microzyme by volume. The 40-75 cm thick pad is paved in housing; the environment-friendly organic pad is made from 40-60 parts of chaff, 40-60 parts of sawdust, 1-2 parts of rice bran and 0.02-0.04 parts of the microbial inoculum that are mixed and fermented; the microbial inoculum is mixed with pig feed or goat feed according to ratio of 1/1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The active composite fertilizer is packaged into small bags using kraft paper with micropores or other degradable materials, where aperture of micropores in kraft paper is 0.5 mm, and the distance between micropores is 15-30 mm. The micropores in the outer layer of the double-layer bag are staggered with each other. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The rice hull and saw dust are mixed in the ratio of 50:50. Preferred Method: The padding is placed such that the thickness is not less than 50 cm and time period is not less than 12 months. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The inoculated strain is Thiobacillus. Preferred Method: The strains are inoculated during pH change stage in early composting reaction. The biological treatment step comprises feeding composted sludge in acidifier when pH value reached 5.5-6, inoculating with Thiobacillus, controlling pH at 3-5, adding ferrous sulfate, mixing and leaching at 25-35 degrees C and oxygen concentration of 10-15%. The composting step after biological treatment comprises adjusting pH to 6-8, adjusting carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio at 25-30:1 and C to phosphorus (P) ratio at 40-75:1, inoculating with fermentation organisms and composting continuously. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises (%) composted sludge (50-60) and inorganic fertilizer (50-40).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer has N, P and potassium ratio of 10:3:7 and total nutrient of 18-25%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inoculum is anaerobic digested sludge, old marsh gas tank sludge, septic river mud or fresh diary manure discharged from sewage farm. Preferred Properties: The addition amount of inoculum is 5-30% with respect to dry weight. The wood fiber material is crushed to 1-2 cm. The anaerobically fermentation is carried out at 15-55 degrees C, preferably 35 plus minus 1 degrees C. The wood fiber material is processed in sodium hydroxide solution for 24-72 hour. The mass ratio of sodium hydroxide and wood fiber material is 1:8-1:12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive filler is made of graphite powder, carbon black or carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic polymer is made of polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, liquid-crystalline polymer, polybutylene terephthalate, polyetheretherketone or polyetherketoneketone. The thermoset polymer is made of phenol resin, epoxy resin, and vinyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The biological organic fertilizer comprises (wt.%) organic fertilizer (75), S. microflavus culture material (5) and complex bacterium culture material (20); and contains greater than or equal to 0.28 billion/g of S. microflavus and greater than or equal to 39% of organic material, after storing for a month. The organic fertilizer contains greater than or equal to 42% of organic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The S. microflavus culture material contains greater than or equal to 70 billion/g of S. microflavus. The complex bacterium culture material contains greater than or equal to 46% of organic material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The mycoprotein contains (pts.wt.) phosphorus bacteria zymotic fluid (1-8) and potassium bacteria zymotic fluid (1-8).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silicon-containing raw material comprises (pts.wt.) steel slag (30-60) and fly ash (20-30). The binder is bentonite, present at 15-30 pts.wt. when mixed with fly ash or 5-25 pts.wt. when mixed with steel slag.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The microorganism product comprises (pts.wt.) polyoxin (0.0015-0.1) or mycoprotein (0.0015-8). The organic material is grass peat, straw, beanstalk or corn stalk, or mixture of grass peat, straw, beanstalk, corn stalk, chicken manure and dairy manure. Any organic material is present at 20-40 pts.wt. when mixed with fly ash, or is present at 10-40 pts.wt. when mixed with steel slag. The straw, beanstalk or corn stalk is present at 6.7-13.3 pts.wt. and chicken manure or dairy manure is present at 7.3-27.7 pts.wt. when mixed with fly ash. The straw, beanstalk or corn stalk is present at 3.3-13.3 pts.wt. and chicken manure or dairy manure is present at 7.7-27.7 pts.wt. when mixed with steel slag. The organic acid is humic acid, present at 15-25 pts.wt. when mixed with fly ash or steel slag. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial; Pesticide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer contains (wt.%) sheep manure powder (75-95), rapeseed oil cake (3-4), enzyme microorganism fermenting strain (1-2), double superphosphate (10-15) and potassium chloride (5-10). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The B.thuringiensis EnB2 KCTC 11394BP strain having a defined sequence of 1482 base pairs (SEQ ID No. 1) given in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid hydrogen storage medium is formed of metal hydride, complex metal hydride, carbon group material, or non-carbon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The heating is performed at 150 degrees C or more, preferably at 250 degrees C or less in atmosphere with oxygen partial pressure of 0.0001-0.02. The hydrogen storage alloy particles are used after heating at 150 degrees C or more in oxygen partial pressure of 0.0001 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal material is aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium or their alloy. The exothermic material is calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The biomass thermal decomposition oil is blown into interior of riser (2) of coke oven (1), and upper portion of furnace. The feed rate of thermal decomposition oil is 0.5-1.5 wt.% with respect to raw material coal in coke oven. Alternately, biomass thermal decomposition oil is contacted with converter gas, by blowing thermal decomposition oil into converter, converter gas hood, skirt portion and converter gas flue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves extracting DNA from the oil-polluted soil, and determining the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dioxygenase gene by real-time PCR method. The growth stimulant contains alanine and alginate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of all the petroleum-type hydrocarbons in the oil-pollution soil is 100 mg/l or more. The growth stimulant contains phosphate and ammonium origin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminum alloy is chosen from aluminum-silicon type alloy, aluminum-magnesium type alloy, aluminum-magnesium-silicon type alloy and aluminum-lithium type alloy. Preferred Properties: The microparticles have particle size of 5 microns or less and specific surface area of 200 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The enzyme is acylase, esterase, transesterase or glucosidase and consists of beta-glucosidase, glucosidase, naringinase, beta -glucanase, chitinase and cellulase. The biodiesel and/or biodiesel precursor consist of soyabean oil, palm oil, maize oil, sunflower oil, beef tallow, cooking oil, other waste food fats and/or waste food oils. The glycoside consists of glucoside, mannoside and/or fructoside and/or sitosterol glucoside, stigmasterol glucoside and campesterol-beta-glucoside.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ratio of Cu and Mn supported is 4:1-1:4. A part of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) is replaced with Mn. The Cu and Mn precursor is formed using nitrate and acetate which contains Cu and Mn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder contains carbon. The photoreaction apparatus has isolation part which isolates the gas produced in the apparatus into hydrogen and oxygen. The isolation part has a solid hydrogen absorber, oxygen absorbent, and oxygen-permeating membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation of (I) is given. Preferred Components: The resin is a styrenic or acrylic resin of formula R2N=C(NR1R)NHR2 (Ia) containing a guanidine group comprising two 4-22C tertiary alkyl substituents. The resin comprises guanidine groups (0.2-14 meq/g).R=resin or a spacer group attached to the resin;R1=H or 1-4C alkyl (preferably H);R2=8-22C tertiary alkyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is obtained by ion exchange of a faujasite containing another cation, exchanging at least 50%, preferably 90% of the cation by lithium. The method of separating a mixture comprises one of: a temperature swing adsorption method; a vacuum swing adsorption method (VSA); a pressure swing adsorption method; or a displacing method (both preferred), either performed in a gas phase or a liquid phase. The displacing method is performed in a simulated moving bed. The pressure swing method comprises: feeding the mixture into an adsorption vessel containing (I) to obtain a first pressure; reducing pressure in the vessel to obtain second, relatively lower pressure; adding an olefin at a first side of the vessel and opening the vessel at oppositely positioned second side, such that the added olefin contacts the sorbent, for removing the paraffin from at the first side; and flushing the vessel, optionally an inert compound, for removing and collecting the olefin. The paraffins and olefins are dissolved in a solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent bed comprises binder material. The binder material is a (non)-crystalline polymer, an epoxy, a thermoplastic, a clay, a silica-containing material, an alumina-containing material, or a titania-containing material. The zeolitic imidazolate framework material is ZIF-7 or ZIF-9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The process feedstream comprises natural gas, synthetically produced gas and CO2 lean product stream having CO2 content of less than 5 volume %, or organically derived gas stream. The organically derived gas stream is landfill produced gas or biogenically produced gas. Preferred Parameters: The adsorptive loading ratio for CO2 over methane is measured at 301K and 106.6 kPa. The CO2 partial pressure in the first step is greater than CO2 partial pressure in the fourth step. The first pressure is greater than second pressure. The second temperature is greater than the first temperature. The cycle time is less than 1 minute. The difference between the maximum and minimum CO2 partial pressure achieved in the adsorbent bed during a cycle is less than 300, preferably less than 200 kPa. The process feedstream contact the adsorbent bed at less than 50 psig. The process feedstream has pressure of greater than or equal to 500, preferably greater than or equal to 250 psig.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanopowder comprising aluminum oxide-nanopowder, with a particle size of 300-400 nm, is produced by physical vapor synthesis process. The nanopowder comprising aluminum oxide-nanopowder exhibits a particle size of 1-100 nm, which is produced by chemical vapor reaction process. The lubricant is formed from pure aluminum oxide-nanopowder with a carrier amount of 0%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is formed as: a temporary carrier, which escapes from the lubricant; or a permanent carrier, which remains in the lubricant. The carrier is: ethanol or diethyl ether; or n-butane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carrier consists of silicone oil or synthetic polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel gas is hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, ion-exchange resin or solid acid zeolite or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is selected from tetrahydrofuran or methyl tertiary butyl ether or their mixture. The alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The Enteromorpha seaweed fertilizer is prepared by combining (wt.%): extraction liquid of Enteromorpha (10-75), humic acid (5-20), carbamide (5-20), monopotassium phosphate (5-20), potassium sulfate (2-30), monoammonium phosphate (5-20), and trace element (2-20), which is copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, or molybdenum. The Enteromorpha seaweed fertilizer is Enteromorpha seaweed foliage fertilizer prepared by combining (wt.%): extraction liquid of Enteromorpha (30-60) with humic acid (10-20), carbamide (10-15), monopotassium phosphate (5-10), potassium sulfate (5-10), and trace element (10-15), and completely reacting; Enteromorpha flushing fertilizer prepared from (wt.%): extraction liquid of Enteromorpha (60-70), humic acid (10-20), monoammonium phosphate (10-15), and potassium sulfate (10-20); or Enteromorpha seaweed granular fertilizer prepared by adding extraction liquid of Enteromorpha (10-20 wt.%, based on the weight of granular fertilizer) during the process of producing and preparing granular fertilizer, mixing, preparing into granule, drying, and sieving.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid used in step (C) is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid. The alkali used in step (C) is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: In step (B), the amount of water is 10-20 times the Enteromorpha powder. Preferred Method: The separating step in (C) is conducted by filtration and centrifugation. The method further comprises spray drying concentration liquid of Enteromorpha to obtain Enteromorpha seaweed refined powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The herbal disinfectant is prepared by dipping rehmannia root, Forsythia, glabrous Pittosporum leaf, Chinese violet, Angelica, and fructus cnidii with clean water; washing, continuously stewing for 3 hours at 80-85 degrees C; distilling at 150-200 degrees C; and cooling, diluting, and canning. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The accelerant is prepared by mixing sodium laurylsulfate solution and tetrahydrofuran solution in a volume ratio of 1:1. The addition amount of accelerant is 0.5 L/l of reaction kettle. The hydration and curing temperature is 1-5 degrees C, preferably 1 degrees C, and the pressure is 5-10 MPa, preferably 9 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method comprises measuring acidity and alkalinity of the wastewater, adding calcium hydroxide (0.27 kg/m3 wastewater) to acidic wastewater or hydrochloric acid (0.08 kg/m3) for basic wastewater to control pH to 6-7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid waste of crop production comprises crop waste, wheat bran and leaf. The crop waste, wheat bran, leaf, and pre-treated mixed soil have a mixing ratio of 16-20:1-3:2-6:10-18. The crushed mixture has a grain diameter of not greater than 30 mm. Preferred Method: The oxygen supply of the stacking in the aerobic deposition is controlled at 0.2-0.5 m3/hour. The moisture content of the stacking is maintained at 55-60%. The stacking environment temperature is controlled at 30-40 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises surfactant, where the ratio of essential oil and surfactant is 8:2-9:1. The amount of essential oil is 100-1000 parts per million. ACTIVITY - Nematocide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst may be formed of at least one precious metal selected from platinum, palladium, and gold including combinations thereof, preferably combination of palladium and gold. Some of the palladium and gold is present as an alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises a blend of preferably 2-4 antioxidants. The antioxidants are butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, pyrogallol, tert-butyl hydroquinone 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone or alpha -tocopherol. (I) comprise the feed stock comprising vegetable oils and/or animal fats. The feed stock is soybean oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, palm oil, yellow grease, poultry fat and/or choice white grease. The concentration of each antioxidant is 20-5000 ppm, preferably 1000 ppm. The two antioxidants are in a weight ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, or 1:9. The blend of two antioxidants is tert-butyl hydroquinone (700 ppm) and pyrogallol (300 ppm) (2:1) (preferred); tert-butyl hydroquinone and propyl gallate; or tert-butyl hydroquinone and butylated hydroxyanisole. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The makeup catalyst material comprises potassium hydroxide and/or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonaceous feedstock comprises anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, petroleum coke, asphaltenes and/or liquid petroleum residues. The petroleum coke comprises petroleum coke derived from tar sands or petroleum coke derived from petroleum refining. The carbonaceous feedstock has a particle size distribution suitable for gasification in a fluidized bed zone and a moisture content of less than 6 wt.%. The carbonaceous feedstock has a particle size distribution of 25-2500 microns. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particulate composition has a particle size of 25-2500 mu . Preferred Process: The process for preparing the particulate composition further comprises: providing a fourth coal feedstock in particulate form that comprising a dry-ground low-moisture coal; and combining the fourth coal feedstock in particulate form with the first wet cake, the second wet cake, and the third wet cake in step (b2) to form a final wet cake. Preferred Components: The alkali metal gasification catalyst comprises a source of potassium and/or sodium. The alkaline earth metal source comprises a source of calcium, magnesium and/or barium. The transition metal gasification catalyst comprises iron and/or manganese. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal comprises potassium (preferred) and/or sodium. The gasification catalyst comprises gasification catalyst recycled from the catalyst recovery and recycle process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) has a particle size of 10-2500 microns. The participate carbonaceous fines material comprises particles predominantly in the size of 5-50 microns. Preferred Process: In the step (c), a char is formed and the char is removed from the gasifying reactor and sent to a catalyst recovery and recycle process. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The desulphurization agent includes methylamine, ethylamine and propylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The organic acid has pKa of 1-6 in 25 degrees C. Preferred Compound: The organic acid is carboxylic acid compound, preferably compound of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, cinnamic acid and/or galacturonic acid. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the organic acid is 0.001-50 mass%. The concentration of formic acid is 0.01-20 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polysaccharide is cellulose, preferably farm product, foodstuff waste material, timber or paper containing cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium carrying ( beta )-zeolite carries palladium and copper. The copper-zinc-based methanol synthesis catalyst has copper oxide and/or zinc oxide, and may also contain aluminum oxide and/or chromium oxide. The catalyst is suspended in a solvent which is a hydrocarbon containing 10-20 carbon atoms. The source gas which contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen is a synthesized gas which also contains water, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Preferred Parameters: The silicon dioxide/aluminum oxide ratio of ( beta )-zeolite is 10-500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The fat and oil are waste edible oil, or animal-and-plant fats and oils. The fry slag is also added during manufacture of livestock dung solid fuel. Ethanol derived from biomass is used as ignition agent in a combustion apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxide sinter is an aluminum-based oxide or magnesium-based oxide. The sinter having ionic conductivity comprises at least one member selected from zirconium oxide (ZrO2)-based material stabilized with yttrium oxide (Y2O3) or scandium oxide (Sc2O3), cerium oxide (CeO2) doped with samarium (Sm2O3), CeO2 doped with gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), and CeO2 doped with Y2O3, and the film having mixed conductivity comprises at least one member selected from CeO2 doped with Sm2O3, CeO2 doped with Gd2O3, and CeO2 doped with Y2O3. The oxide electrode comprises a layer of a composite oxide represented by lanthanum oxide of formula Ln1-xAxB1O3-(TM) (where Ln is at least one rare-earth element; A is at least one of strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), and barium (Ba); B1 is at least one of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), Fe, Co, and nickel (Ni); x is 0-1; and TM is 0-3) or a layer of a mixture of the composite oxide and at least one member selected from CeO2 doped with Sm2O3, CeO2 doped with Gd2O3, and CeO2 doped with Y2O3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fine metal particles are particles of at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Fe, and Cu.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel compound is selected from nickel nitrate or nickel chloride. The tungsten compound is selected from tungsten carbide, tungsten dioxide or tungsten trioxide. The carbonization is carried out under hydrogen or inert gas atmosphere, where inert gas is selected from nitrogen, helium, neon or argon, and methane, ethane, propane or carbon monoxide gas is used as reaction gas for carbonization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The medium comprises (wt.%) potassium carbonate (25-46), sodium carbonate (26-42), and additive (22-42).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolitic imidazolate framework material is zeolitic imidazolate framework-7, zeolitic imidazolate framework-9 or zeolitic imidazolate framework-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The C2+ hydrocarbon compound partial pressure in step (a) is greater than the C2+ hydrocarbon compound partial pressure in step (d). The first pressure is greater than the second pressure. The second temperature is greater than the first temperature. The C2+ hydrocarbon compound partial pressure of the process feedstream in step (a) is less than 29 psia (200 kPa). The first pressure is at least 500 psig or less than 100 psia. The process comprises: contacting a first side of a membrane comprised of a zeolitic imidazolate framework material with the process feedstream at the first pressure and first temperature; retrieving a first permeate stream from a second side of the membrane at a second pressure and second temperature, where the first permeate stream consists of components that selectively permeate through the membrane and the first permeate stream has a lower concentration of CH4 by mol.% than the process feedstream; and retrieving a first retentate stream. Preferred Components: The adsorptive loading ratio for the C2+ hydrocarbon compound over CH4 is measured at 301 K and 106.6 kPa. The C2+ hydrocarbon compound is ethylene, ethane, propylene or propane (all preferred), 1-butene or n-butane (C4H10). The CH4 content by mol.% of the first retentate stream is greater than the CH4 content by mol.% of the process feedstream.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adsorbent material is further comprised of a binder material including a crystalline polymer, a non-crystalline polymer, an epoxy, a thermoplastic, clay, a silica-containing material, an alumina-containing material or a titania-containing material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The material components are glycerin, 1,2-propanediol, 1-heptanol, 1-hexanol, 1, 2-ethanediol, 1-decane, 1-undecene, butylcyclohexane, decane, n-decane, isobutylbenzene, and pentylcyclopentane. The process container consists of a material that has high mechanical stability, high heat conductivity and high chemical constancy. The process container is made of steel, noble steel, copper or aluminum alloy or material-or form combination such as copper-aluminum-iron-nickel-carbon (CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C), copper-aluminum-iron-manganese (CuAl10Fe3Mn), copper-zinc-manganese-aluminum-lead-silicon (CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi), copper-nickel-iron-manganese (CuNi10Fe1Mn), copper-nickel-manganese-iron (CuNi30Mn1Fe), copper-tin-zinc-lead-carbon (CuSn7Zn2Pb3-C), copper-tin-zinc-lead-carbon (CuSn5Zn5Pb5C) or copper-zinc-aluminum (CuZn40Al2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive metal plate comprises aluminum, steel, stainless steel, titanium or their alloys. The conductive layer comprises titanium oxynitride, gold, platinum, carbon, ruthenium or ruthenium oxide. The metal compound comprises titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrabromide, titanium alkoxide, bis(diethylamido)bis(dimethylamido)-titanium(IV), tetrakis(diethylamido)titanium(IV), tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium(IV), tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)titanium(IV), or bis (ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II). The oxygen compound comprises atomic oxygen, water, ozone, peroxide or oxygen gas. The nitrogen compound comprises ammonia, hydrazine, alkyl hydrazine, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, amine, or nitrogen containing organic ligand. The metal oxynitride is titanium oxynitride (TiOxNy), zirconium oxynitride, hafnium oxynitrides or tantalum oxynitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methanol and shinyleaf yellowhorn seed oil are mixed at mole ratio of 3-9:1. The cosolvent furan derivative is added at mole ratio of 1:1-6 with cosolvent and shinyleaf yellowhorn seed oil and reacted at 40-100 degrees C for 0.1-2 hours to separate and remove solid acid catalyst. The solid acid catalyst is centrifuged to obtain supernatant fluid. The supernatant fluid is distilled to obtain biodiesel. The centrifugation is centrifuging at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes. The methanol and cosolvent in lower liquid obtained via centrifugation are distilled to recycle and then decompressed and distilled at 120 degrees C and 0.1 MPa to obtain by-product glycerin. Preferred Components: The trifluoromethane sulfonic acid rare earth salt is trifluoromethane sulfonic acid lanthanum, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid lutetium or trifluoromethane sulfonic acid cerium. The furan derivative is dimethylfuran, trimethylfuran or tetramethylfuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The total alkaloids extracted from A. leucostomum are the active ingredient. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The organic compound is a ruthenium complex of formula (II). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gas phase biological drop filter bed and liquid phase biological fluidized bed are filled with filling material such as compound magnetic polyurethane foam carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compounding component (b) contains 0.1-5 weight% of strontium as main component and 0.1-5 weight% of chromium, vanadium, tungsten and/or molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Agent: The P.thermotolerans LC2 is absorbed to a maintenance carrier chosen from defatted rice bran, cellCaSi, activated charcoal, diatomite and white carbon, or their mixture. The P.thermotolerans LC2 is absorbed to a maintenance carrier by mixing the bacterial culture solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support metal type catalyst contains ruthenium. The water used in the manufacturing process of fuel gas is maintained at temperature of 200-450 degrees C. The gram ratio of water with respect to used paper is 1-100. The support provided in the support metal catalyst is titania or activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The used paper is a polyphthalate carbonate (PPC) sheet used in office, such as copy paper or shredder residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material of fats and oils comprises monoglyceride of 0.98 mass% or less or free fatty acid of 50 mass% or less. Preferred Components: The free fatty acid is palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid. The raw material comprising free fatty acid is obtained from free fatty acid, Jatropha curcas or waste edible oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: a cascade of many membrane modules connected in series may be used to increase the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture; several types of membrane of different permeation properties are used in the cascade to increase the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture; and the carbon dioxide concentration in an air mixture may be increased to a concentration that is high enough for a pressure wing adsorption process to complete the extraction of the carbon dioxide. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms for water purification are nitrifying bacteria and bacteria cluster with similar denitrifying bacterium which can perform simultaneously nitrification reaction of water contaminants and denitrifying reaction processing in parallel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium oxide contains anatase type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal in the metal oxycarbonitride is chosen from niobium, tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and nickel, preferably niobium. The catalyst metal is chosen from platinum, iridium, silver, palladium and/or ruthenium, and is metal particles having average particle diameter of 1-20 nm. Preferred Composition: The metal oxycarbonitride has compositional formula: MCxNyOz.M=niobium, tin, indium, platinum, tantalum, zirconium, copper, iron, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, hafnium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, cerium, mercury, plutonium, gold, silver, iridium, palladium, yttrium, ruthenium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium or nickel;x,y=0.01-2;z=0.01-3;andx+y+z=5. EXAMPLE - Niobium carbide (in g) (4.96), niobium oxide (1.25) and niobium nitride (0.54) were mixed and heated at 1600 degrees C in presence of nitrogen for 3 hours, to obtain niobium carbonitride (2.7). Then, the obtained niobium carbonitride was heated at 800 degrees C in presence of oxygen and argon for 1 hour, to obtain niobium oxycarbonitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The mass ratio of the copper-based methanol synthetic catalyst with respect to copper-supported beta -zeolite is 0.1-5. The copper-based methanol synthetic catalyst contains copper oxide or zinc oxide, or a complex oxide supported with a metal, preferably zirconium (0.5-8 mass%). The complex oxide contains copper oxide and zinc oxide, and further contains aluminum oxide and/or chromium oxide. The mass ratio of copper oxide:zinc oxide:aluminum oxide:chromium oxide is 100:10-70:0-60:0-50. The ratio of silica and alumina in beta -zeolite is 10-150. The load of copper in the beta -zeolite is 0.1-15 mass%. The beta -zeolite is further supported with 0.1-5 mass% of zirconium. Preferred Process: Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are reacted at 260-325 degrees C at pressure of 1.6-4.5 MPa. The ratio of catalyst weight (W in g) and total flow (F in mol/hour) of source gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is 2-20 g.hour/mol. A synthesis gas is circulated to the catalyst layer during the manufacture of the liquefied petroleum gas. The synthesis gas is manufactured using carbon containing raw material and water, oxygen and/or carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid having 6-12C is caprylic acid or caproic acid. The glycerin fatty acid ester is monoester. The composition comprises 0.5-30 mass% of glycerin fatty acid ester. ACTIVITY - Herbicide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diamine is piperazine or substituted piperazine (which is preferably methylpiperazine, dimethylpiperazine, ethylpiperazine or diethylpiperazine) (all preferred) or ethylenediamine or a substituted ethylenediamine. The gaseous stream is one or more of a flue gas, natural gas, hydrogen gas or synthesis gas. The acidic gas is one or more of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide or mercaptans. The stripper is one or more of a multistage flash stripper (preferred), simple stripper, matrix stripper, exchange stripper, multipressure stripper or flashing feed stripper. Preferred Method: In the method, carbamate ions form and reduce the volatility. The solvent is subjected to temperature less than 175 degrees C. The method further comprises: forming a purified gaseous stream and a rich solvent stream; routing the rich solvent stream through a stripper; and recycling a solvent stream exiting the stripper. The stripper is operated at a temperature less than 175 degrees C, preferably 120-160 degrees C. In the method, contacting the gaseous stream with (II) is carried out in an absorber. EXAMPLE - Anhydrous piperazine (10 moles) and water, were mixed and heated. Then, carbon dioxide (0.3 moles/2 mole of piperazine) was sparged on a balance to give loaded solutions of piperazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The exhaust gas stream contains residual methane, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, ammonia, nitrous oxide and oxygen. The catalyst comprises noble metal and/or metallic oxide and/or mixed oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The dielectric constants of dielectric material are 2-10000. The shape of dielectric material is plate shape, reticulate, tubular shape, honeycomb form, rod shape, spherical shape, shape of direction. The particle size of catalyst particles is 10-500 nm, and thickness of catalyst particle layer is 10 nm-5 mu m. Preferred Components: The solvent of polysilazane containing solution is xylene, terpene, dibutyl ether, or Solvesso. The catalyst particles is metal oxide which is zincic acid compounds (ZnO2 or ZnO), titanium oxides (TiO3, TiO2, Ti2O5 or TiO), vanadium oxides (V2O5, V3O7, V4O9 or V6O12), and/or iron oxides ( alpha -Fe2O3, beta -Fe2O3, Fe3O4 or FeO). The manganese oxide powder ( alpha -MnO2, beta -MnO2, gamma -MnO2, delta -MnO2, epsilon -MnO2, eta -MnO2, gamma -Mn2O3, alpha -Mn3O4 or beta -Mn3O4), cobalt oxidation powder (Co3O4 or CoO), copper oxide powder (Cu2O or CuO), platinum powder and/or palladium powder which are dispersed around catalyst particles. The gas which contains particulate carbon containing compound is combustion exhaust gas of gasoline engine or diesel engine. Preferred Process: The method involves heating polysilazane containing solution at 100-500 degrees C, and solidifying. The formation method of polysilazane containing solution layer is spray method, roller method, flow-coating method, spin coat method, or dip-coat method. The alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, and/or rare earths are bonded together chemically.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The metal material contains aluminum, silicon, zinc, magnesium and/or its alloy as main constituent. The hydrogen-producing material further includes exothermic material such as oxide of alkaline-earth metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The regeneration process involves substitution process of washing the anion exchanger with a weak-acid solution, activation process of substituting the counter-ion of washed anion exchanger with an alkaline solution, and swelling process of swelling the anion exchanger with a solvent. When regeneration process is carried out, a weak-acid solution and/or an alkaline solution are flown-in from one opening. Preferred Arrangement: A mechanism is provided for discharging the liquid containing weak-acid solution and/or alkaline solution out of the other opening. When the containers which carry out esterification are connected in series, when the container is removed from the connection when the connected container carries out regeneration process and the container which is not connected carries out esterification reaction, a mechanism is provided for adding a container. When removing a container from the connection to carry out regeneration process, while removing the most upstream container of the connection, when adding a container to the connection to carry out esterification, a mechanism is provided for connecting the container to the most downstream of the connection. The whole anion-exchange products of the connected container and removed container are same.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Sodium hydroxide is industrial sodium hydroxide of 97% purity. The urea is industrial urea containing nitrogen (46%). Monoethanolamine is industrial monoethanolamine containing amine (99%). Diethanolamine is industrial diethanolamine containing amine (96%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred System: In the system, the pumps comprises: centrifugal, progressive cavity, the Archimedes screw, lobe, and diaphragm. The screens can be manual or automatic. The measuring device and flow control can be Spillway Sutro, a rotary type unit, a system of measuring and monitoring with ultrasound, ultraviolet light, mechanical, chute type Palmer Boulus, or Cipoleti. The valves can be globe valve, gate valve, solenoid valve, copper valve, and the check type. The control system can be using a PLC or by electronic control card, or by e-Timer system. Dissemination of aeration system can be diagonal by using plate-type diffusers with fine bubble nonclog tubular type fine bubble nonclog of fine bubble ceramic dish, cover dish with plastic to prevent sticking, diffusion of air through a venturi type device, using a type system by avoiding mechanical ventilation blowers, but replacing them with this type of mechanical aerators. The blowers include: lobar or centrifugal type with or without frequency inverter to vary the cost of air. The agitator may be high speed, with flaps less than 1 meter and speeds of 1000-3000 revolution per minute (rpm), or low-speed agitators including comprehensive finned over each 2 meters long, with speeds of 10-50 rpm. The sedimentation tank can be in parallel plates, industrial-type modules containing tube sheets, or corrugated plates, or also use unmarked settlers. Preferred Method: In wastewater treatment, the disinfectants can be silver ion, photo dyes such as methylene blue, pararosasiline, bromine, iodine, copper, hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet light and joined Atanaso ultraviolet light alone. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acids: The acid is selected from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrogen peroxide or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Methods: The lignin is separated from black liquor by using 5-10% acetic acid solution for neutralizing sodium hydroxide, adjusting pH of the black liquor to 1.5-5.5, depositing lignin, separating from liquid, and using liquid for generating biomass based natural gas by fermentation; or using 2-10% hydrochloric acid solution for neutralizing sodium hydroxide, adjusting pH of the black liquor to 1.5-5.5, depositing the lignin, separating it from the liquid, using liquid for generating biomass based natural gas by fermentation. The coarse microcrystalline cellulose is bleached by washing coarse microcrystalline cellulose by water, adding 5-10% sodium hypochlorite solution (1-5 times of the volume of the coarse microcrystalline cellulose), bleaching at 30-60 degrees C, testing with whiteness meter until more than 90% whiteness, and separating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The waste is leftover from processing of bamboo and Phyllostachys propinqua, comprising branches, bamboo canes, leaves, bamboo sheets, bamboo sawdust and bamboo particles, and 5-50% water content of waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Content: The alkali solution is 1-15% sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydration layer has a thickness of 0.3-3 nm. In (I), two such coal surfaces, each having a hydration layer, exhibit a lower tendency to aggregate with each other, than to two substantially anhydrous surfaces of the same type of coal body tends to aggregate in the absence of the hydration layers. The surface is compatible with a hydrophilic liquid and hydrophobic liquid. The hydration layer is further in association with and juxtaposed to a hydrophilic liquid. The hydrophilic liquid further comprises an additive to enhance combustion. The coal surface is further comprised of volatiles that lack a hydration layer, where the volatiles are in association with and juxtaposed to a hydrophobic liquid. The hydrophobic liquid comprises a hydrogen-donating organic substance. The surface is essentially free of surfactant. The hydration layer is adsorbed to the coal surface. In (I), at least a molecular monolayer of water adheres to a substantial portion of the coal surface up to a temperature of 570 degrees F at ambient pressure. (I) further comprises: a catalyst or catalyst precursor dissolved within the hydration layer; a catalyst or catalyst precursor disposed as a solid on the opposite surface of the hydration layer or between the hydration layer and the coal surface; an absorbent dissolved within the hydration layer; and an absorbent present as a solid dispersed at an outer surface of the hydration layer or between the hydration layer and a coal surface. The catalyst or catalyst precursor is dispersed over at least 40% of the surface, and the surface is an exterior surface and an interior surface of a coal particle. The absorbent is dispersed over at least 40% of the surface. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The agrochemical composition comprises first active component (0.1-95%) and second active component (0.1-95%). ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sodium hydrochloride aqueous solution has a concentration of 0.5-2 mol/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing ethanol and thenoyltrifluoroacetone; adding sodium hydrochloride aqueous solution; heating obtained mixture at 30-90 degrees C; dripping mixture of ethanol solution and rare earth chloride; reacting at 30-90 degrees C for 0.5-1 hours; dripping ethanol solution; reacting at room temperature for 4-8 hours; condensing; filtering; washing residue with ethanol for 3-4 times; and vacuum drying at 30-90 degrees C for 2-8 hours. Preferred Components: The sodium hydrochloride and thenoyltrifluoroacetone has a mole ratio of 1:1. The rare earth chloride and thenoyltrifluoroacetone has a mole ratio of 1:3. The ethanol solution having a concentration of 0.2-2 mol/l and thenoyltrifluoroacetone has a mole ratio of 1:3. Preferred Definitions:    RE=La3+, Ce3+, Nd3+, Pm3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Y3+, Er3+, Tm3+ or Yb3+.    ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol fuel additive comprises (vol.%): isooctyl nitrate (40-45); glycol dinitrate and/or butanetriol trinitrate (15-20); glycol methyl ether, glycol ether, and/or glycol butyl ether (30-35); and fatty alcohol (8-10). The methanol fuel additive further contains 500-1000 ppm petroleum naphthenic acid. The methanol fuel comprises methanol 95-97 vol.% and additive 3-5 vol.%. Preferred Component: The fatty alcohol is 6-10C fatty alcohol or its mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: the organic matter is used as raw material; at least a portion of the coal is processed in a coal mill (12) to obtain in a granulate or powder form; at least a partial quantity of the coal is processed in a coal press (15) to obtain as briquettes; at least a portion of the coal is processed to a filter product; and at least a portion of the coal is processed to a fuel product. The motor is cooled by a coolant, where the heated coolant is used to heat industrial water. The industrial water is heated by a water-heat exchanger (7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The solid fuel has hardgrove grindability index of 30-60. Preferred Method: The pyrolysis gas emitted by carbonization by biomass is burned in combustion furnace (2), and the combustion gas produced by burning is supplied by combustion gas line to carbonization furnace as heat source for carbonization process. The combustion gas line is branched, and the line supplies other combustion gas excluding gas supply to carbonization furnace to heat exchange portion of a boiler furnace. The boiler furnace produces steam by burning fine powder fuel. The waste gas discharged from boiler furnace is processed in waste gas processing facility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The spinel is nickel aluminum oxide (NiAl2O4).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises a cobalt- or iron-based catalyst. INSTRUMETNATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor comprises a microwave plasma reactor or a pulsed corona discharge plasma reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: controlling the production of the radicals and coupling of the radicals into the hydrocarbons by controlling the flow rate of the methane gas, the flow rate of the reactant gas, a forward power of the plasma, and a frequency of the plasma; and following the step (e), recycling unreacted gases back into the reaction chamber. The step (c) comprises selecting, preparing and dispersing the catalyst to optimize the production of the radicals. In the step (b), the reactant gas comprising carbon dioxide, oxygen and/or water with the flow of the methane gas and the flow of the reactant gas is selected in a ratio to provide the liquid fuel with a desired chemical composition. The combined flow rate of the methane gas and the reactant gas is 100-1000 ml/minute. The power is 100-1000 Watt and the pressure in the reaction chamber is 10-2200 mm mercury. Preferred Components: The methane gas comprises natural gas or bio gas. The radicals comprise CxHyasterisk radicals, where x and y are not defined. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The reaction time is 6 minutes. The reaction temperature is 240 degrees C. The reaction pressure is 10 MPa. Preferred Content: The mol ratio of methanol and animal fats or seed oil is 40:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Manufacture of oil involves mixing bio-ethanol with fat and oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of thiamethoxam and pyridaben is 1-50:1-100. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves coating a solution or dispersion liquid containing metallic compound, ceramics, organic polymer and/or inorganic polymer, and inorganic or organic solvent, on film-form substrate. The metal is palladium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: After the microbial agent is used, the reactor is aerated without water for 6-24 hour to reduce loss of the microbial agent, and 5-15% of the microbial agent is supplemented after 15-20 days. Inorganic salt substrate and carbon resources are supplemented during pre-contacting step. Preferred Material: The wastewater comprises municipal sewage and domestic sewage. The sludge treatment system uses normal activated sludge process, sequencing batch activated sludge process or oxidation ditch. The ratio of the microbial agent and active sludge is 1:5-1: 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The sodium phosphate is industrial sodium phosphate. The ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is industrial ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The magnesium sulfate is industrial magnesium sulfate. The potassium chloride is industrial potassium chloride. The zinc chloride is industrial zinc chloride. The calcium carbonate is industrial calcium carbonate. The diammonium phosphate is industrial diammonium phosphate. The ammonium molybdate is industrial ammonium molybdate. The sodium silicate is industrial sodium silicate. The copper sulfate is industrial copper sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The starch is corn flour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: A temperature inside a compost is 65 degrees C. A fermentation is carried out for one week. A lime added during composting process is controlled to obtain a pH of 7.0. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The potassium-releasing bacteria are silicate microbial inoculum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The boric sludge is obtained from borax after reaction with 40-75% sulfuric acid or nitric acid for 5-10 minutes, and pH adjustment from 8.0-10.0 to 6.5-7.5. The boric sludge comprises diboron trioxide (0.5-2.1%) and magnesium oxide (5-20%). The fertilizer composition is mixed with biological silicon-boron-potassium-magnesium fertilizer at 1:0.1-0.3 pts.wt. ratio.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The humic acid is present at greater than or equal to 40% total and has pH of less than 7.0. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The adsorption agents, which are subjected to adsorption, are regenerated by desorbing the adsorbed components, at relatively low pressure condition. The absorption process is carried out at atmospheric pressure vicinity, and gasses excluding methane coexisting with methane are desorbed at vacuum pressure reduction condition. 2 or more adsorption towers are used. One tower is filled with relatively high pressure adsorption agent, and other towers are filled with relatively low pressure adsorption agent, and are connected. After completion of adsorption, methane from a tower is transferred to other towers, and recovery of methane is improved. The gas from which carbon dioxide is removed is purged from tower front to the adsorption agent adsorption tower, and purge gas is recirculated to raw material line, to improve methane recovery. The bio-fermentation gas contains moisture content, carbon dioxide, siloxane, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, methane and impurity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatuses: The separator is a membrane separator including membrane(s) comprising a layer of an inorganic material deposited on a porous amorphous substrate having pores with a diameter of 5-10 nm. The inorganic material comprises a layer of silicon dioxide. The conversion reactor is a catalytic reformer. The hydrocarbon is methane.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The porous carbon material is supported with a metal component, and is baked in non-oxidation gas atmosphere. The metal component is iron or calcium. The porous carbon material is char obtained from wood-type biomass, and is subjected to granulation. The char has ash content of 3-50 mass%, specific surface area of 200 m2/g or more and average pore diameter of 2-3.5 nm. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm of char exhibits I-shape. Preferred Method: The combustible gas passage temperature during removal of sulfur compound is 600-800 degrees C. Portion(s) of sulfur compound is decomposed into unit (S). The decomposed unit (S) contained in sulfur compound-removal gas is further removed by adsorption removal process, liquefying removal process and/or solidification removal process. The porous carbon material is heated during adhesion of unit(s), and the unit is separated from carbon material. The carbon material is then regenerated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The specific component in the to-be-processed liquid is passed through the membrane comprising a layer of microorganisms. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The vegetation straw powder is a mixture of greater than or equal to 2 straws of rose, mulberry, tobacco, E. adenophorum, and P. hybridum, where moisture content of vegetation straw powder is below 20% and granularity is less than 10 mm. The concentrated solution is extracted from vegetation straw powder, where moisture content of the concentrated solution is 30-50%. The biological granular fuel combined with vegetation is prepared by cutting watery rose, mulberry, tobacco, E. adenophorum, and P. hybridum; crushing and squeezing to separate out the juice and solid straw powder; drying the solid straw powder until moisture is below 20% and condensing the juice until moisture is 30-50%; finally, mixing the solid straw powder and concentrated solution completely; stirring uniformly; and squeezing into strip or columnar granules.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The poisoned bait is packaged in pre-measured portions or dose packets. The bait is in the form of paste or fresh bait. The rodenticide active principle is a multiple dose anticoagulant selected from warfarin, coumachlor, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, pivaldione and/or diphacinone chlorophacinone; and/or a single dose anticoagulant selected from bromadiolon, diphenacoum, brodifacoum, difethialone, and/or flocoumafen. The poisoned bait, the rodenticide active principle is mixed with the carrying substance palatable for rodents and with other optional additives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biopolymer palatable for infesting murine species is based on or is a starch derivative. The biodegradable film based on a biopolymer palatable for murine species is waterproof. The biopolymer palatable for infesting murine species is selected from Mater-Bi, and/or Biophan. The biodegradable film based on a biopolymer palatable for murine species is a transpiring biodegradable film, due to the presence of several micropores that cross it. The transpiring biodegradable film has a water vapor permeability value of 250-1000 (preferably 500-800) g at 30 mu m/m2 for 24 hours. The biodegradable film has thickness of 10-100 mu m. ACTIVITY - Rodenticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - A rodenticide composition comprising (%): vegetable flours (39.1615-48.1615), baiting substances (12.5), natural and/or chemical preservatives and stabilizers (2.075), animal or vegetable fat (25), sweeteners (11.2625), pure rat-poison active principle/association of rat-poison not anticoagulant active principles (1-10) and denatonium benzoate (0.001) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic matter comprises (%) dairy manure (50), chicken manure (30), stalk (10) and grass (10); or chicken manure (60), mushroom residue (30) and grass (10); or chicken manure (60), garden organic matter (30), and grass (10). The organic matter is crushed and sieved; and added with 8% potassium sulfate and 12% diammonium phosphate to obtain 25-40% organic matter. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The film-forming agent is propylene glycol phenyl ether, lauryl alcohol ester or Texanol(RTM: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode loaded catalyst provided in reaction liquid for hydrogen production is made of elements selected from group comprising carbon, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, copper and cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Component: The feed comprises (wt.%) fish meal (20-35), soybean meal (40-60), fish oil (1.5-2.5), soybean lecithin (1), cornstarch (0.1-10), antioxidant vitamin C organic phosphate (1), adhesive carboxymethyl cellulose (2), choline (0.5), vitamin (2) and compound mineral (2.5-3). The vitamin comprises (wt.%) thiamine (5), riboflavin (5), pyridoxal (4), nicotinic acid (20), calcium pantothenate (10), biotin (0.6), folacin (1.5), phaseomannite (200), vitamin E (40), vitamin A (5), vitamin B12 (0.01), vitamin K3 (4), vitamin D4 (4.8) and cellulose (700.09). The feed further comprises chelated amino acid (less than 0.5 wt.%). The fish meal is Huanglong fish meal or Peru fish meal. The soybean meal protein is present at 43-48 wt.%. The feed further comprises crystalline amino acid monomer (less than 0.5 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mineral comprises (wt.%) calcium biphosphate (122.87), calcium lactate (474.22), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (42.03), potassium sulfate (163.83), ferrous sulfate (10.78), citric acid iron (38.26), magnesium sulfate (44.19), zinc sulfate (4.74), zinc sulfate (0.33), copper sulfate (0.22), cobalt chloride (0.43), potassium iodate (0.02), sodium chloride (32.33) and potassium chloride (65.75). ACTIVITY - Endocrine-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The stabilizing agent is magnesium aluminum silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antifreeze is propanediol. The preservative is sorbic acid and/or sodium benzoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The pyrethroid agrochemical aqueous emulsion contains (in weight%) pyrethroid (5-10), seed fat (20-30), polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether phosphoric acid ester (10-13), stabilizing agent (0.5-2), antifreeze (0.5-1.6), thickening agent (0.5-1), preservative (0-0.1) and water (remaining amount). The pyrethroid agrochemical aqueous emulsion contains pyrethroid effective cyhalothrin with mass fraction of 5%. Preferred Components: The thickening agent is polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum and/or hydroxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Carrier: The oxygen carrier comprises 15-25% of nickel oxide (NiO) and 75-85% of gamma -alumina, preferably 21% NiO and 79% of gamma -alumina. Preparation (claimed): Obtaining the conveyor above comprises: (a) preparation of the aqueous solution of nickel; (b) dry impregnation of a support of gamma -alumina (Al2O3) with the solution in (a); (c) calcining the solid obtained from the mixture of (b) in air in an oven at 500-1000 degrees C, preferably 800-950 degrees C, between 0.5-2 hours, preferably 1 hour; and (d) the resulting solid is subjected to a repetition in (b) and (c) and finally the solid mixture was calcined at 950 degrees C, 1 hour. EXAMPLE - 1012 g of the carrier (1) were prepared from 21% nickel oxide (NiO) on alumina by two stages of dry impregnation. In the preparation of the aqueous solution of nickel, a nickel aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving 615 g of nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3) 2.6H2O) resulting a concentration of 4.2 M. In the dry impregnation of a support-and-alumina (A12O3) to the solution of (a), 336 ml aqueous solution of nickel 4.2 M was added at room temperature in a commercial mixer, 4 liters to 800 g of gamma -alumina at 20 degrees C, and homogenized by mechanical mixing for 5 minutes at 100 revolution per minute. In calcining the mixture, the solid obtained was calcined after the mixture in an oven at 550 degrees C for one hour in air. The resulting solid phase was subjected to a repetition of calcining, and finally, the solid mixture of the mixer was calcined at 950 degrees C for 1 hour in an air oven.
ACTIVITY - Insect Attractant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The carbon monoxide adsorption agent has support chosen from silica, alumina, activated carbon, graphite and polystyrene-type resin, supported with copper halide (I) and/or copper halide (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Additive: The additive (A1) further comprises at least one alkoxylated fatty acid. The additive (A1) comprises (wt.%): either at least one alcohol (40-60, preferably 45-55, especially 50), and at least one fatty acid alkanolamide (40-60, preferably 45-55, especially 50); or at least one alcohol (40-60, preferably 45-55, especially 50), at least one fatty acid alkanolamide (10-60, preferably 20-30, especially 25), and at least one alkoxylated fatty acid (0-50, preferably 10-50, especially 20-30, particularly 25). Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) further comprises ethanol. Preferred Components: The alcohol comprises at least one 6-9C alcohol (preferably 2-ethylhexanol). The fatty acid alkanolamide comprises oleic alkanolamide e.g. an oleic ethanolamide (preferably oleic diethanolamide). The alkoxylated fatty acid comprises alkoxylated oleic acid e.g. an ethoxylated oleic acid (preferably monoethoxylated oleic acid). The fuel comprises gasoline. The hydrocarbon fuel comprises diesel fuel (preferably petroleum diesel and/or biodiesel). The additive is present in the composition (C1) in an amount of 0.1-1 vol.%. EXAMPLE - An additive (test) comprising 1:1 weight ratio of 2-ethylhexanol to oleic diethanolamide was added to low sulfur, ASTM D975 compliant diesel (0.5 vol.%). The fuel composition (test) further comprised of fuel grade ASTM D4806 compliant ethanol (7.7 vol.%) and cetane improver (0.12%). A comparative composition comprising oleic diethanolamide (0.5 vol.%) alone over a range of water contents was prepared. The test/comparative fuel composition was tested for a cloud point. At certain water contents, the additive of the test composition was found to lower cloud point by at least 5 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base fuel is present at 20-46 (preferably 19.5-44) vol.%; the ethanol is present at 20-60 (preferably 21-59.5) vol.% and the 4C alcohol is present at 20-50 (preferably 21-49) vol.%. The 4C alcohol is n-butanol, secondary butanol and/or isobutanol (preferred). The ethanol and the 4C alcohol are predominantly of native origin. The base fuel contains a mixture of 4-12C hydrocarbons. The mixture of the hydrocarbon contains paraffin, naphthene and aromates. The base fuel is ether (0-15 vol.%), preferably tert-butyl-methylether and/or tert-butylethylether. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The boiler blow water contains phosphoric acid and/or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The liquid volume of the first reactor is adjusted based on pH of the first-reactor liquid, gas flow rate from the first reactor and/or composition of the first-reactor gas. The ratio of H2 to CH4 produced is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of gas from the second reactor into the first reactor in the recirculation, where the ratio of H2 to CH4 produced is 0.1:1-1:1. The substrate is added to the first reactor as an influent feed, where the first-reactor liquid volume and/or the flow rate of gas from the second reactor into the first reactor are adjusted in response to volume, flow rate, pH and/or composition of the influent feed to alter the ratio of H2 and CH4 produced by the two reactors. The production of H2 gas in the first-reactor gas is adjusted by adjusting mechanical mixing of the first reactor, gas recirculation mixing of the first reactor, temperature, pH or by the use of one or more selected microorganisms. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The molar ratio between carbon and in-air oxygen in waste edible oil is 0.3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The product gas contains hydrocarbons such as methane and ethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The drying step comprises stopping heating and laying wood for 20-40 minutes, vacuuming the carbonizing surface at 0.015-0.05 MPa, adjusting to normal pressure when the center of the wood reaches 40-55 degrees C, and spraying vapor to wood surface to obtain 3-4% water content. Heating and drying steps are repeated to obtain 3-4% water content. Heating is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 1.5-3 hours. The temperature of the furnace is reduced to less than 100 degrees C, and the wood is left for 2-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The organic wastes are straws of crops, branches of trees, industrial slag from agriculture and forestry, rice hulls, weeds, and/or organic garbage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprising an activated iron-based non-porous catalytic material comprises thermal oxidation of low-carbon steel material, where the thermal-oxidative pretreatment comprises heating the carbon steel material at a temperature above 400 degrees C to form an alpha -phase; and oxidizing the material to form an iron oxide layer at the surface of the iron. Preferred Components: The iron-based catalytic material comprises nickel, chrome and/or cobalt alloying elements. The iron-based catalytic material is a high temperature resistant iron alloy. The activated iron-based catalytic material is iron oxides or iron carbides (preferably iron carbides of formulae (Fe3C and Fe7C), and iron oxides of formulae (FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4)). EXAMPLE - The catalyst was prepared by co-impregnation of the support, which in the example was alumina, with ruthenium chloride (RuCl3) and nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O) precursors. An appropriate amount of the metal salts in an aqueous solution was added to the support (8 g of alumina (Al2O3), 0.3238 g of RuCl3, 3.17 g of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O). After a stirring maintained during 24 hours, the solid was placed in an oven for 12 hours at 80 degrees C. The catalyst was then calcinated with air at 400 degrees C for 5 hours with a temperature ramp of 3 degrees C/minute. Before initiating the experiment, the catalyst was reduced in situ under a hydrogen flow (150 ml/minute) during 90 minutes at 400 degrees C. The temperature was increased to the reaction temperature under nitrogen. The dry reforming of ethanol was performed at 500 degrees C during 90 minutes under a carbon dioxide flow of 200 ml per minute and a molar ratio of ethanol to carbon dioxide equal to 0.5. One gram of catalyst was used. After 90 minutes of reaction, the reaction produced hydrogen (47.2%), carbon monoxide (14.5%), methane (24.6%), and other products such as ethylene and ethane (4.8%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing catalyst for preparing liquefied petroleum gas comprises mixing the methanol synthesis catalyst and the methanol dehydration catalyst according to the percentage to prepare the dimethyl ether synthesis catalyst, and then mixing the dimethyl ether synthesis catalyst and dimethyl ether transformation catalyst according to the percentage to prepare the catalyst for preparing liquefied petroleum gas. Preferred Catalyst: The dimethyl ether synthesis catalyst is the compound catalyst of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol dehydration catalyst; the methanol synthesis catalyst comprises 54 wt.% of copper oxide (CuO), 27 wt.% of zinc oxide (ZnO), 9 wt.% of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and 3 to 10 wt.% of zirconium oxide (ZrO2); and the methanol dehydration catalyst uses the alumina or proton-typed molecular sieve. Additionally, the dimethyl ether transformation catalyst is modified molecular catalyst carried with metal palladium. The methanol dehydration catalyst is alumina prepared by the conventional method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The flammable biomass energy gas is washed with amine and distilled.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The flammable biomass energy gas is filtered to change into colorless flaming gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oil is soybean oil, cotton seed oil, tung oil, or palm oil. The short-chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol, or propanol. The cosolvent is methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oleophilic agent is sodium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crude fatty acid has fatty acid content of not less than 70%. The crude methanol has methanol content of not less than 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Material: The internal surface of the reaction chamber is made of a ceramic material and is non-porous.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent used is methanol. The ratio of methanol to methyl or ethyl esters or their mixtures is 1:1 to 3:1. The biodiesel comprises a mixture of methyl and ethyl esters. Preferred Property: The biodiesel has a pour point of - 21 degrees C or - 33 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The air pressed by roots blower (14) is heated to above 800 degrees C by biomass gas heat recovery air heater and waste heat of high-temperature biomass gas, and burned at above 1800 degrees C with fuel gas in high-speed gas fuel burner as oxidant to form high-temperature oxygen-deficient smoke utilized to thermally pyrolyze biomass and gasify fixed carbon. The water is heated to steam by biomass gas heat recovery steam generator and waste heat of high-temperature biomass gas and injected in cyclone furnace as partial gasifying media to gasify fixed carbon that remains after pyrolyzing biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The waste heat of high-temperature biomass gas at above 1600 degrees C generated through thermal pyrolysis in cyclone furnace can be utilized through biomass gas heat recovery steam generator and biomass gas heat recovery air heater and cooled below 100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gasifier is applied by connecting vent pipe with gas appliances, drying and crushing plant straw or particles, branch fork, sawdust, excrement of animals, edible fungi residue, cob core and/or peanut shell to obtain fuel, putting carbon (2-3 kg) at bottom of furnace chamber, putting prepared fuel in furnace, adding water to water seal, igniting and starting fan and electric machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The denitrified liquid has pH of 7-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The denitrified liquid has pH of 7-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The sludge solubilizing agent is peracetic acid having pH of 12 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The addition amount of methane is controlled to decrease greenhouse gas index of waste gas produced at exit side of decomposition catalyst. The greenhouse gas index is given by formula: (methane discharge amountx 21)+(nitrous oxide discharge amountx 310). Preferred Catalyst: The decomposition catalyst is iron-zeolite catalyst or catalyst obtained by supporting noble metal on alumina or zeolite support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The nitrous oxide decomposition catalyst is iron-zeolite catalyst or catalyst formed by supporting noble metal in alumina or zeolite support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The reducing agent is methane, propane or ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent material consists of carbon, silica, zeolite, synthetic magnesium silicate, bleaching clay or activated bleaching clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methanol or an acidic alcohol. The amount of acid (e.g. 93% of sulfuric acid, citric or malic acid powder) added to the alcohol is 0.005-3 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron added to the digester material comprises ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate and/or ferric sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, calcium and/or magnesium ions preferably in solution such as a solution of calcium chloride or calcium nitrate are also injected into the geological structure to promote the conversion into calcium and/or magnesium carbonate, where the calcium and/or magnesium ions are injected concurrently or sequentially to the injection of the carbonatogenic microorganism and/or nutrient. The process for the indirect disposal of CO2 involves passive or active precipitation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process of , which is indirect disposal of CO2 in geological structures, comprises: injecting, as part of the bacterial nutrient mix, one or more organic carbon containing molecule species including oxygen, where the molecule species is carboxylic acid and salts, amides, esters, anhydrides, carbohydrates, starch, sugars or protein into the geological structure, and injecting one or more microorganisms including carbonatogenic species into the structure to convert the combined carbon and oxygen into carbonate; or injecting, as part of the bacterial nutrient mix, one or more organic carbon containing molecules, as well insuring by injection or other means the presence of oxygen containing molecules, which are inorganic phosphates, sulfates or nitrates, and injecting microorganisms including carbonatogenic into the structure to convert the combined carbon and oxygen into carbonate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carrier is formed in a shape of sphere, trihole, monolith, pellet, or tablet. It is formed in a spherical shape having a diameter of 1-5 mm. Preferred Component: The catalyst comprises (wt.%) palladium metal source (0.01-0.1), and Group IB metal additive (0.005-0.6). The Group IB metal additive is silver. The catalyst comprises (wt.%) palladium (0.01-0.03), and silver additive (0.01-0.12). The carrier is silica-alumina, zinc oxide, nickel spinel, titania, zirconia, ceria, chromia-alumina, magnesia, and/or preferably alumina. Preferred Property: The carrier is prepared having a surface area of 2-20 m2/g. Preferred Ratio: The ratio of the Group IB metal to the palladium is 0.5:1-6:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The organic compound is 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine-platinum dichloride. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The water is treated with the bacterial strains of the bacterial genus. Preferred Components: The bacterial strain is an agent of the species of: Xanthobacter flavus, preferably of the strain DSM-Nr. 19987; or Rhodococcus ruber, preferably of the strain DMS-Nr. 19985.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bioreactor is a filtration unit, which exhibits a particulate filter material. The particulate filter material is an activated charcoal. Preferred Process: The microorganisms are immobilized on the filter material. The water is conducted for treatment as outlet stream by the filtration unit. The microorganisms are immobilized on a carrier such as activated charcoal. The microorganisms are packed in a waterproof, cellular container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The raw-glycerin is obtained by: splitting mono-, di- or tri-glyceride with water to obtain an aqueous glycerin phase and a fatty acid phase and reprocessing the aqueous glycerin phase to obtain the raw-glycerin; or transesterifying mono-, di- or triglyceride with alcohol to form glycerin-phase and fatty acid alkyl ester phase, separating the glycerin phase from fatty acid alkyl ester phase and reprocessing the aqueous glycerin phase to obtain the raw-glycerin. The residual product is contacted with: 6-14 (preferably 10) wt.% of water; and 0.5-5 wt.% of acid, where the acid is 2-10C (hydroxy)carboxylic acid or citric acid. The step of contacting residual product with water and acid is carried out by mixing the residual product with an aqueous solution containing water and acid. In the method-2, the obtain salt- and glycerin-containing composition is anaerobically fermented to form methane containing gases. Preferred Composition: The raw glycerin phase comprises 70-98 wt.% of glycerin, 1-15 wt.% of water, 0.1-5 wt.% of salt and 0.1-10 wt.% of impurities other than glycerin, water and salt. The residual product comprises 10-59 wt.% of glycerin, 0-1 wt.% of water, 5-20 (preferably 40-70) wt.% of salt and 5-75 (preferably 1-30) wt.% of impurities other than glycerin, water and salt. EXAMPLE - Two different samples of residues of distillation of raw-glycerin, obtained by splitting animal fat, were mixed with water (10-11 wt.%) and subsequently with citric acid (1.3 or 1 wt.%) to obtain the salt- and glycerin-containing composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In the new integrated marsh gas tank, the feed pipe (3) is inserted in the tank body from the upper portion of the tank body and the lower feeding hole (4) is set at the lower portion inside the tank body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is selected from polyvinyl acetate, lignin, starch or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heavy metals are the heavy metals polluting the environment comprising cadmium, lead, chromium, with remarkable bio-toxicity and heavy metals zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, tin, or vanadium with toxicity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fungus is Agaricus bisporus, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Tricholoma giganteum, or Coprinus comatus, which are easy to cultivate with large biomass. The chelating agent is the artificially synthesized chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), natural chelating agent ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), or some small molecular organic acid like citric acid and malic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The water treated by the ecotypic pond is purified in hydroponic plant purifying channel for 0.3-0.5 days before being flowed into the ecotypic channel. The purifying channel comprises Convolvulus and Oenanthe stolonifera, and has water depth of 0.3 m. The water in the water outlet groove flows automatically or is raised by a pump and then gets into the ecotypic pond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The mixture contains 0.01-3 pts. wt. of desulfurizer comprising hydroxide containing calcium ion or magnesia ion, carbonate, supercarbonate, sulfate, and/or nitrate. The coal powder is a product obtained by crushing coal cinder generated by the nature, and comprises anthracite, lean coal, blind coal, coking coal, rich coal, gas coal, feebly viscous coal, non-viscous coal, candle coal, brown coal, and head coal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The fuel oil comprises diesel fuel, heavy oil, and biomass pyrolysis oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material is corm, stalk, or fruit of fresh banana or plantain. Preferred Method: The corm, stalk, or fruit of fresh banana or plantain is crushed, pulped, and added with amylase to hydrolyze; filtered to obtain sugar juice; added with yeast to ferment; and crude distilled, rectified and dehydrated to obtain ethanol fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The active carbon filter tank is filled with granulated active carbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fine dry soil at step (E) is soil whose diameter is less than or equal to 1 cm, and moisture of 10-20%. Preferred Parameters: The composting body has bottom diameter of 250-300 cm, height of 200-250 cm, cone at 250-300 cm wide at lower side, and 100-150 cm wide at upper side. The distance from intersection point of number-shaped ventilation pipe at step (F) to field center is 150-200 cm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fertilizer resistant inorganic fillings adhered at surface of coating are nanophase fertilizer resistant inorganic fillings with grain diameter of less than or equal to 1 mu m and including nanophase calcium carbonate, white carbon black and/or nanophase carbon black. The fertilizer resistant inorganic fillings have grain diameter larger than 3 mu m, and contain fertilizer penetrating fillings including natural organic powder, clay powder, water-soluble granule, bone dust and/or molecular sieve powder. The clay powder is meerschaum, montmorillonite and/or kaolin. The fertilizer penetrating fillings are present at 0-15 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The natural organic powder is wood dust, bamboo dust, plant axis powder, powdered rice hulls, peanut shell powder, starch, pulse flour and/or chitin powder. The amine resin coating has thickness of greater than or equal to 40 (preferably 50-220) mu m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The separation and purification involves concentration treatment, ion exchange, column chromatography, membrane filtration, micro-filtration and nanofiltration to pharmaceutical intermediates having flavonoid substances and sterols substances. The method uses solidoid enzymolysis fermentation coupling technology.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The cationic polymer is diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cationic polymer is selected from cationic polyacrylamide (c-PAM) or cationic polyacrylamide containing diallyldimethylammonium chloride (CPA-D). The anionic polymer is polyacrylamide (a-PAM).
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide; Insecticide; Acaricide; Antibacterial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The deprotonation of (II) takes place at 0-50 degrees C, preferably 28-30 degrees C. The conversion step takes place: at 0-120 degrees C, preferably 20-25 degrees C; or at 90-110 degrees C, under the addition of oxygen; or at 70-120 degrees C, under the addition of oxidizing agent such as lead oxide, silver oxide, manganese oxide and/or oxygen. The process comprises converting (Ib) to (Ia) either using oxidizing agents such as lead oxide, silver oxide and/or manganese oxides by heating at 70-120 degrees C, preferably 90-100 degrees C; or using quick silver oxide and (II) in an excess molar ratio of 4:1-8:1, at 0-50 degrees C, preferably 22-23 degrees C. Preferred Components: The base condition is an aqueous alkaline solution, which is an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably potassium hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide. The excess molar ratio of the alkali metal hydroxide to (II) is 5:1-50:1, preferably 25:1-30:1. The oxidizing agent is lead oxide, silver oxide, manganese oxide, quicksilver oxide, permanganate, nickel hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and/or peroxodisulfate. The excess molar ratio of oxidizing agent to (II) is 1:1-50:1, preferably 4:1-8:1. EXAMPLE - 85% Potassium hydroxide (10.44 g) was dissolved in demineralized water (13.6 g). The obtained mixture was cooled at 30 degrees C and mixed with methyl-ammonium borate of formula ((Me3NH)(B11H14)) (1.03 g), under stirring. Then lead oxide (1.33 g) was added under stirring to form a black suspension. After 5 hours, further lead oxide (1.30 g) was added. After 46 hours, the extraction of potassium borate of formula (K2(B11H11)) was reduced with methyl cyanide (50 ml), the combined methyl cyanide solutions were concentrated and the product was washed with ethyl ether (100 ml) to give hydrated potassium borate of formula (K2(B11H11)x H2O) (1.20 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The gas-liquid separator is filled with metal foam. The metal is nickel, iron, copper or alloy of nickel and copper. The alkali removing device is provided with molecular sieve, absorbent cotton, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, ferric trichloride hexahydrate and allochroic silica gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Yeasts: The culture yeast is mixed culture of Saccharomyces cidri, Candida tropicalis and Candida utilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Oxalic acid is used in the ion exchange waste liquor treatment for removing calcium and magnesium ion. A culture yeast and strongly acidic cation exchange resin-D072 are also used in the ion exchange waste liquor treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel is prepared by adding the catalyst to methanol, and stirring; adding 1-30 wt.% secondary surfactant to the animal fats or plant oil, stirring, and heating to 30-80 degrees C; adding the methanol reaction solution to the reaction solution, and continuously stirring for 20-60 minutes; and centrifuging, and separating the main product biodiesel and side product glycerin. Preferred Component: The biodiesel comprises (wt.%) animal fats or plant oil (50-80), methanol (20-30), catalyst (5-20), and a secondary solvent (1-20). The catalyst comprises benzene sulfonic acid, formic acid, acrylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, or salts. The secondary surfactant comprises alkylbenzene, or alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. Preferred Parameter: The reaction temperature is 30-80 degrees C, and stirring is carried out for 20-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The carbonizer is comprised such that the biomass is thermally decomposed by waste heat of the furnace, and is arranged contacting the outer surface of the furnace. The airtight container is arranged in the furnace. The purification apparatus further has hydroxide supply unit (8) for supplying hydroxide to the molten carbonate, bubble fragmentation unit for sub-dividing the bubble of pyrolysis gas circulated through the molten carbonate. The molten carbonate contains catalyst. The electric power generation unit is equipped with high temperature fuel cell, or gas engine and generator operated by the gas engine, or turbine combustor and gas turbine. The fuel cell is provided with fuel electrode which is supplied with fuel gas from the fuel gas supply tube. The gas engine is operated with the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply tube. The turbine combustor burns the fuel gas. The gas turbine drives a generator by obtaining power by expansion of combustion gas from the turbine combustor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper-based particulate composition is copper alloy composition containing nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, hafnium and/or zirconium. The copper alloy composition further contains powdered alloy, mixture of pure metal powder and/or their oxides or hydrides. The stabilized zirconia comprises dopants chosen from yttria, calcia, scandia and/or ceria. The copper-based network contains 50 weight% or more of copper. The ceramic network contains yttria stabilized zirconia. Preferred Processes: A molten copper or copper alloy wets the zirconia particles, to form interpenetrated network. A green or bisque-fired electrolyte precursor is further contacted with the mixture, coated metal support, and sintered. The mixture further contains poreformer. Preferred Components: The porous anode contains nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia. The electrochemical device structure has cermet material provided between porous anode and porous on ferritic stainless steel metal support. The electrochemical device structure further has porous cathode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Mixture: The mixture comprises clothianidin as compound (I); N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide as compound (II); and fipronil as compound (IV). The mixture comprises compound clothianidin, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, procloraz, orysastrobin and fipronil; or clothianidin, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, orysastrobin and fipronil; or clothianidin, N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, thiophanate-methyl, orysastrobin and fipronil. The mixture comprises synergistic combination of the insecticidal compound (I) and N-(3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide as compound (II). Preferred Components: The one or two further fungicidal compound(s) (III) are selected from thiophanate-methyl, procloraz, pyraclostrobin and orysastrobin. Preferred Method: In the protection of plant propagation material from pests, compound (I) and compounds (II) are applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Insecticide; Acaricide; Nematocide; Arachnicide; Antiparasitic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - For protection of plant propagation material from pests, the mixture is applied in an amount of 0.01 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of plant propagation materials (claimed). The mixture is applied at a dosage of 0.3-2000 (preferably 5-2000, especially 50-900, particularly 50-750) g/hectare by spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading, brushing, immersing or pouring.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The separation membrane is flat film where porous separation functional layer made from polyvinylidene fluoride is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalysts: The combustion catalyst comprises platinum, palladium, nickel, iron, cobalt, rhenium, tin and/or germanium as metal catalyst component, and complex oxide containing ceria, alumina, zirconia, titania, silica, and/or magnesia. The modification catalyst contains platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, iron and/or cobalt as metal catalyst component, and complex oxide containing alumina, ceria, zirconia, titania, magnesia and/or zeolite. Preferred Properties: The combustion catalyst has higher heat resistance and oxidation performance than the modification catalyst. The heat conductivity of support (I) is higher than that of support (II). Support (I) is a metal honeycomb support or a metal-form support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The source gas is consisting of coke oven gas, coal gasification gas and carbon dioxide. Preferred Parameters: The coke oven gas, coal gasification gas and carbon dioxide have flow ratio of 1:0-1.5:0-0.7. The reformed gas introduced into reaction system contains carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as carbon acid compound. The hydrogen (H2) in reformed gas, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) satisfy 0.3 less than or equal to (H2)/(2x (CO)+3x (CO2)) less than or equal to 5 and (CO)/(CO2) greater than or equal to 0.4. Preferred Process: The method also involves carbon dioxide collection process that separates carbon dioxide from waste gas emitted when manufacturing reformed gas, and separation water matter addition process that introduces isolated hydrogen into hydrogen and carbon acid compound reaction process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of evaporating water from the thin stillage to produce mid stillage and evaporating water from the mid stillage is conducted using at least 2 (preferably greater than or equal to 3) first effect evaporators and second effect evaporators respectively arranged in a series fashion and arranged so that one of the evaporators can be bypassed while the remaining at least one first effect evaporator continues to operate. The method further involves mechanically separating solids from the byproducts; and drying the solids and the syrup to produce feed for livestock. The second effect steam generated is maintained at 185-190 degrees F and at a pressure of 10 psia. The first effect steam generated is maintained at a 205 degrees F and at a pressure of 13.5 psia. The method further involves heating and dehydrating the liquid primarily including ethanol with a molecular sieve to produce heated ethanol vapor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The esterification reaction is carried out at 75-150 degrees C for 2-8 (preferably 1-3) hours. The ester exchanging reaction is carried out at 2-6 hours. Preferred Parameters: The alcohol and oil are at mole ratio of 8-30:1. The dosage of catalyst is 2-6% of the weight of tallow seed oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst can be potassium fluoride/calcium oxide/ferroferric oxide, potassium fluoride/calcium aluminum/ferroferric oxide, and/or potassium nitrate/aluminum magnesium/ferroferric oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus: The hydrothermal decomposition apparatus further has a fixed stirring unit or rotation stirring unit for stirring biomass feedstock inside main portion, a redundant water discharge line for discharging redundant water from biomass ground material supplied in device main portion, a filter portion for filtering hot water discharge liquid, a density monitoring unit of biomass solid, and a scraper for preventing blockade of extraction hole of hot water discharge liquid. The biomass supply apparatus has a press unit for pressing biomass. The reaction temperature of hydrothermal decomposition apparatus is 180-240 degrees C. The weight ratio of biomass feedstock and hot water is 1:1-1:10. The apparatus has two or more supply portions of hot water and two or more discharge portions or hot water discharge liquid. The system further has another enzymatic decomposition apparatus for carrying out enzymatic decomposition of hemicellulose component, and a sugar liquid containing pentose is produced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The system further has another enzymatic decomposition apparatus for carrying out enzymatic decomposition of hemicellulose component, and a sugar liquid containing pentose is produced. The fermentation apparatus carries out fermentation of obtained sugar liquid. The reaction temperature of hydrothermal decomposition apparatus is 180-240 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the method, the biomass is pre-compacted by a rotary feeder/compressor that feeds the biomass into the mold beneath it and compresses (pre-compacts) the biomass; the compaction of the biomass is done by a force-providing ram (piston or plunger) that produces sufficient force to bind the biomass particles permanently together to form an agglomerated dense log; the peak pressure of compaction is 12000-23000 psi; the toggle mechanism is used to amplify the force on the ram, so ram can provide the 12000-22000 psi peak pressure needed for producing the biomass log; the loose material to be compacted is not biomass but has properties similar to biomass, and can be compacted into logs by using the same process as for the biomass; a binder is used to aid in the agglomeration of the biomass logs; the loose biomass or non-biomass material is fed into the mold, by a conveying system such as a conveyor belt, a screw conveyor or an extruder; and the ejection of the log is conducted by a force-providing ram that produces sufficient force to expel (eject) the compacted biomass log from the mold. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The siphoning intermittent feed-water regulating reservoir includes an inner space whose material is selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) and synthetic glass.
ACTIVITY - Virucide; Antibacterial; Fungicide.
ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxide is chosen from bismuth, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, manganese or antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adsorption agent composition contains (in mass%) activated clay (40-80) and activated carbon (5-40). EXAMPLE - Waste edible oil having acid value of 10, iodine number of 105, flash point of 230 degrees C, moisture content of 5 mass% and ash content of 2.5 mass% was poured into a storage tank, methyl alcohol (100 mass parts) and potassium hydroxide were added, reacted at 65 degrees C for 15 minutes, stirred 65 degrees C for 20 minutes, centrifuged, subjected to column container filled with alkylester, activated carbon, activated clay and magnesia, mixed, cured, heated and molded, to obtain column adsorption agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: A steam reformer is interposed by a portion of the pipe interior for reforming the hydrocarbon in produced gas to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Steam is supplied to the produced gas cleaned and passed through the piping. A carbon-dioxide removal apparatus (110) is provided for removing carbon dioxide in produced gas passing the piping. A methanol synthesis apparatus (106) is provided from synthesizing methanol (108) from hydrogen in the produced gas from which carbon dioxide is removed, and carbon monoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal of the metal oxide component is nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium or iridium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of butene-fipronil to pyridaben is 30:1-1:50 (preferably 1:5-1:30). The composition comprises 5-70 (preferably 11-51) wt.% butene-fipronil and pyridaben. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tablet further comprises (wt.%) spice (1-10) and binder (6-20). Preferred Component: The essential oil is extracted from horseradish, mustard and dogwood. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bath vessel comprises stainless steel or graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves adding fatty acid alkyl ester to the combination before reacting; drying feedstock before combining the feedstock with alcohol; separating the resulting fatty acid alkyl esters from the resulting cleaved cellulosic material. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-7, temperature (240-300 degrees C), and pressure (1500-2000 psig. The reaction of feedstock and alcohol is performed without acid catalyst. Preferred Components: The feedstock contains cellulosic material, protein (10 wt.%). The water content of the combination is 30-40 wt.% before reacting and 3-5 wt.% after drying. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The alcohol is 50-320% molar excess of the contained oil in the feedstock. EXAMPLE - An algae feedstock (1000 g), acid catalyst (25 g), and methanol (1500 g) were combined in pressurized reactor, at initial pH 0.4, temperature 140-180?C , and pressure 200-500 psig for 1-2 hours. The resulting recovered biodiesel indicated that the contained oil was completely converted to the fatty acid methyl ester (conversion greater than 95%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminosilicate zeolite comprises ZSM-5. The binder is a porous crystalline material. The support comprises aluminosilicate zeolite combined with binder free of aluminum. Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises molybdenum or the compound (0.1-20 weight%). The support comprises binder (1-90 weight%). Preferred Properties: The aluminosilicate zeolite has silica and alumina in mole ratio of 14-500, and constraint index of 1-12. The molybdenum is supported on particles having average size of 50-5000 mu m and density of 100-200 Ib/ft3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The preparation of 1-butanol-containing reaction product is carried out at a temperature of 200-500 degrees C and pressure of 0.1-20.7 MPa. Preferred Definitions:    M2+=divalent magnesium;    M3+=trivalent aluminum;    M'=cobalt or copper;and    a=0.01-0.04.    EXAMPLE - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (11.09 g) was dissolved in water (250 ml) and heated to 65 degrees C. Sodium hydroxide solution (2 M) was added to completely dissolve the EDTA. Cobalt nitrate (4.8 g) was then dissolved in the EDTA solution. The aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate (27.5 g) and aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate (57.6 g) were prepared separately, added to the solution containing EDTA and cobalt, and stirred to obtain a suspension. The obtained suspension was stirred at 65 degrees C for 1 hour, and aged for 18 hours, to obtain the precipitate which was then separated, dried, and calcined at 360 degrees C for 2 hours in the presence of nitrogen to obtain the catalyst. The ethanol and hydrogen were reacted in presence of catalyst at 300 degrees C for 1 hour, to form butanol with a yield of 21.1%, butanol selectivity of 56.7% and ethanol conversion ratio of 37.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentative microorganisms are methane fermentation microbe or hydrogen ferment microbe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate or Neopelex(RTM: alkylsulfonate salt). The amphoteric surfactant is dodecyl dimethyl lysine. Preferred Parameter: The weight ratio of ionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant in the absorbing agent is 1:1-1:4. Preferred Composition: The absorbing agent comprises Neopelex(RTM: alkylsulfonate salt) (5 wt.%) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (2.86 wt.%) and dodecyl dimethyl lysine (5, preferably 7.14 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite fuel further comprises emulsifying agent (1-10 wt.%). Preferred Component: The distillate oil is petroleum distillate with a boiling point of more than 250 degrees C. The emulsifying agent is oleate or oleic amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite fuel further comprises adhesive (1-5 wt.%). Preferred Component: The adhesive is cellulose, pectin, tannin, or mixture of more than two of them.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-organic framework comprises 0.01-50 weight% of metal nanoparticles. Preferred Property: The metal nanoparticles have average particle size of 3-4 nm. Preferred Component: The metal in metal-organic framework is palladium. Preferred Process: The metal solution is maintained with a concentration of 105-102 M for 5 minutes to 1 hour. The metal-organic framework is desolvated before forming nanocomposite. Preferred Definitions:    LIG= tris(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine, 4,4',4"nitrilotris benzoic acid or N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine, preferably tris(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine;and    SOL=ethanol.    EXAMPLE - Zinc-containing host compound of formula: (Zn3(NTB)2(EtOH)2)n.4nEtOH (in mL) was immersed in methyl cyanide solution (66 mL) of palladium nitrate (1x 10-3 M) at room temperature for 30 minutes, to obtain metal-organic framework. The obtained metal-organic framework had excellent gas sorption characteristics.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The wood fiber material is corn stalk, wheat stalk, rice straw, or bagasse. The earthworms are Eisenia foetida or E. rosea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The CODcr is oxygen amount for oxidizing organic matters as carbon dioxide and water acidic acid condition by potassium dichromate as strong oxidizer. The PDA culture medium for culturing yeast contains potatoes (200 g), glucose (20 g), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2 g), magnesium sulfate (1 g) and water (1000 mL).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Materials: The rodenticide comprises (pts. wt.) bromadiolone (1-3), sodium dichlorophenolate (10-50), and metronidazole (1-3). It includes (pts. wt.) propanetriol (7), rhodamine B (0.1), and ethanol (91.5-92.15). ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The pesticide includes (pts. wt.) dispersant (1-10), auxiliary ingredient (5-10), emulsifier (5-20), solvent (5-10) and water (5-10). The dispersant comprises alkylaryl sulfonates, formaldehyde condensation compound, lignin sulfonate or alkylphenol polyoxyethylene formaldehyde condensation compound. The auxiliary comprises one or more of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, sulfonate, sulfonic acid ester, acid amide or organic silicon. The emulsifier comprises one of Agrimul 600(RTM: alkyl polyglycoside), ning cream No.700, ning cream No.33, ning cream No.34 or ning cream No.37. The solvent comprises one or more of methylbenzene, dimethyl benzene, acetone and glycol. The viscosity of the J. curcas toxalbumin is 25-40% before spraying and drying. Preferred Method: The refrigerating and draying temperature is - 10-0 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus is preferably Bacillus subtilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium raw material includes ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride. Preferred Composition: The amount of water in the concentrated waste liquor is 70%. The ratio of water, humic acid, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride is 45:15:20:20. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of contacting involves feeding ethanol and gasoline fraction comprising isoolefins to a distillation column reactor system (5) containing at least one etherification reaction zone, and withdrawing the fuel mixture from the distillation column reactor system as a bottoms fraction; or feeding ethanol and gasoline fraction comprising isoolefins to fixed-bed reactor system containing at least one etherification reaction zone. The method further involves blending at least one of ethanol and a second gasoline fraction with the fuel mixture; and transporting at least one of the ethanol and the gasoline fraction to a site for performing the contacting and recovering, where the transporting involves use of at least one of pipeline, barge, tanker truck, and rail car. Preferred Components: The gasoline fraction comprises 4-9C alkanes, or 4-7C olefins; or at least one of 4C cut, 5C cut, 6C cut, and light naphtha fraction. The ethyl ethers comprise at least one of ethyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary amyl ethyl ether, tertiary hexyl ethyl ethers, and tertiary heptyl ethyl ethers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The liquid is selected from organic compound, such as alkane, alcohol and ether, is either gasoline, ethanol, methyl alcohol or dimethyl ether. The gaseous fossil fuel is one selected from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and coal gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The plate material consists of magnesium, aluminum and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises a temperature sensor, where the predetermined condition is heating the mixture to a predetermined temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method for preparing biofuel comprises combining the alcohol and the catalyst prior to mixture with the oil. The desired reaction occurs when the mixture is heated to a predetermined temperature, which is 60 degrees C. The cycling step is terminated once the mixture reaches a pre-determined temperature. The method for preparing biofuel further comprises after separating the biofuel, washing the biofuel to remove contaminants. Preferred Components: The non-oil liquid is an alcohol, which is methanol and the desired reaction is transesterification. The oil is a vegetable oil or animal fat. The mixture comprises biodiesel and a glycerol by-product. The non-oil liquid is water and the mixture comprises a stable suspension comprising micelles. EXAMPLE - Olive oil 50% was prepared by combining olive oil (5 l) with lecithin (833 ml). Device was charged with Penta (RTM: Water) (4 l) and was operated. The hydrophobic mixture was added through standard means to the water in device. Within 1 minute, the mixture in the device developed a cloudy appearance, similar to milk, and within 5 minutes the mixture was thick, with consistency similar to butter. The device was turned off and samples collected.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The physical filtration unit is a bag filter precoated with slaked lime. The adsorption removal unit is impregnated charcoal that removes mercury by adsorbing salt that was made to carry component having copper system absorber and catalytic action or chemical reactivity, or absorbs mercury by making copper into main body and is produced by chemical reaction with mercury. The catalyst conversion unit comprises halide absorber and zinc oxide type desulfurizing agent. The catalyst conversion unit has zinc oxide type carbonyl sulfide catalyst where carbonyl sulfide is converted into hydrogen sulfide. The thermally-decomposable impurity may be chlorinated organic compound, unsaturated hydrocarbon, tar, aromatic hydrocarbon or dioxin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrical component which supplies electrical power to electrolysis cell has wool-type component made of metal fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dissolved oxygen concentration of filter medium part is 2-6 ppm. The filter medium part contains activated carbon and coral, bamboo charcoal or bamboo charcoal as filter medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The denitrifying part is filled with string-formed type polyvinylidene chloride filler or ring type polyvinylidene chloride filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal or alkaline earth salt is sulfate, nitrate, hydrochloride, phosphate, or carbonate of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low grade alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Properties: The biological material has density of 0.9-1.2 g/cm3. The intensity of biological material is more than or equal to the intensity of anthracitic lump coal or more than the intensity of molded anthracitic coal powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gasification agent comprises air and water vapor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes mixing biological material and anthracitic coal or coke at weight ratio of 1-2:3 (preferably 1:3) to obtain mixed raw material, and gasifying mixed raw material and gasification agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: A tower (A) is filled with high pressure adsorption agent after completion of adsorption, and a tower (B) is filled with low pressure adsorption agent after completion of desorption process. The methane remained in tower (A) is transferred to the tower (B), and methane is recovered. The gas containing desorbed carbon dioxide as main component is supplied to adsorption agent adsorption tower, and methane remained in tower (A) is purged from the tower back. The purged gas is recirculated to raw material line and recovery of methane is improved. The bio-fermentation gas contains water, carbon dioxide, siloxane, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ash melting point for seaweed and onshore waste biomass is greater than or equal to 1000 degrees C. The mixture has lower heating value of more than 5 MJ/kg. Preferred Method: The onshore waste biomass is cut or crushed with less than 30 mm of length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The salty wastewater is treated by sun-drying, feeding in homogeneous pool, mixing uniformly with blasting air, adjusting pH to 5-7, feeding in anaerobic treatment pool, treating with cultured anaerobic halophilic bacterium for 40-80 hours, feeding in aerobic treatment pool, treating with cultured aerobic halophilic bacterium for 40-80 hours with blasting air, feeding in membrane treatment pool and pumping out clean water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation process is carried out in a continuous mode or a batch mode. Preferred Components: The ethanol producing microorganism is yeast selected from Klyveromyces, Candida, Pichia, Brettanomyces, Hansenula, Pachysolen, and Saccharomyces such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces uvarum (preferably Saccharomyces cerevisiae); or Ethanol red (RTM: yeast), SUPERSTART (RTM: yeast), GERT STRAND (RTM: yeast), and FERMIOL (RTM: yeast).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The source of bicarbonate ions is selected from sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate. The fermentation broth comprises bicarbonate ions (25-1000 (preferably 200-500) part per million (ppm)). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali metal gasification catalyst comprises potassium and/or sodium. The alkaline earth metal source comprises a source of calcium, magnesium or barium. The transition metal gasification catalyst comprises vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper and/or molybdenum, preferably iron and/or manganese. Preferred Method: Contacting the second wet cake with an alkali metal gasification catalyst to form a third wet cake comprises contacting the second wet cake with an aqueous solution comprising an alkali metal source to provide a third slurry; and dewatering the third slurry to form the third wet cake. EXAMPLE - 367 g Wet ground Powder River Basin coal (367 g, 54.5 wt % moisture, 69.9 wt.% C, dry basis) was slurried with a soaking solution containing ferrous sulfate hepahydrate (24.37 g) and manganese (II) sulfate hydrate (11.22 g) in water (633 g). The slurry density was approximately 20 wt.%. The slurry was maintained and stirred for 2 hours at 65 degrees C. The treated coal was dewatered by filtering to yield a wet coal cake. The wet cake was slurried with a soaking solution containing calcium hydroxide (3.34 g) and calcium sulfate dihydrate (1.44 g) in water (575 g). The slurry density was approximately 20 wt.%. The slurry was maintained and stirred for 2 hours at 65 degrees C. The treated coal was dewatered by filtering to yield a second wet coal cake. The second wet coal cake was slurried with a soaking solution containing potassium hydroxide (9.43 g) and potassium carbonate (104.4 g) in water (575 g). The slurry density was approximately 20 wt.%. The slurry was maintained and stirred for 2 hours at 150 degrees C. The treated coal was dewatered by filtering to yield a third wet coal cake. Finally, the third wet coal cake was dried to yield a lignite particulate composition having 2 wt.% residual moisture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive on (f) is phosphoric acid added with urea or sulfuric acid added with urea. Preferred Composition: The ratio of phosphoric acid added with urea to sulfuric acid added with urea is 1:1; and the concentration of the acid is not greater than 50%.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The method further involves a step of enzyme processing during the oil removal or extraction, where the enzymes include cellulases isolated from microorganisms such as Trichoderma reesei and Acidothermus cellulolyticus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Organic material in garbage land fills is loosened using water, and a tumbler is used to remove the aggregated materials. The organic material is classified and plastic and metal are separated from the processed material. The plastic separated from the garbage land fill is subjected to microwave irradiation. Oil/tar sands are crushed after drying, and mixed with bituminous coal to make the mixture more combustible. The amount of coal will depend on the concentrations of minerals and clay sand. Microwave is irradiated on the mixture and the gases are burnt. Kerosene and/or naphtha and/or propane can also be added to the oil/tar sands, and used for ethanol production. Alternately, the oil/tar sands mixed with the additives and shredded to produce gasified biofuels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The sugar source is selected from rice bran, castor meal, wheat bran or soybean cake. Preferred Microorganisms: The microorganism is selected from Bacillus spp. or Saccharomyces. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The formulation is a powder comprising bacterial strain living spore. The living spore is V.lecanii bacterial strain obtained by liquid and solid fermentation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The spore of the bacterial strain germinates at 24-25 degrees C, 85-100% humidity and pH 7. The mycelium of the bacterial strain grows at 23-24 degrees C and pH 6-7, in the presence of 20:1 C/N ratio and 1 M/l carbon consistency. The bacterial strain produces spores at 24-25 degrees C. The temperature and pH of solid fermentation are 23-24 degrees C and 5-8, respectively. The time for liquid fermentation is 60-72 hours. The fermentation is stopped until spore consistency in fermenting liquid is 50000000-100000000/ml. The solid fermentation is carried out for 6-7 days until the conidiophore is matured. Preferred Components: The carbon source for fermentation is sucrose, soluble starch, maltose, cellobiose and fucose. The nitrogen source for fermentation is soya peptone, beef peptone and yeast. The glutamic acid, phenylalanine and guanine promote the growth of spores. The product from liquid fermentation is used as the inoculating liquid of solid fermentation. Preferred Composition: The formulation comprises (in weight %): V.lecanii (pure spore powder containing over 90% of spores) (8), liquid paraffin (4), glucose (3), lignin sodium sulfonate (4), Tween 100 (RTM: Not defined) (3), starch (10-12), and diatomite (68-66%). ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The specific value is 1. The pH of the secondary phosphotungstic acid solution is more than 5. Preferred Process: Deionized water is further passed through secondary ion exchange resin, and diluted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (A) and compound (B) are methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, propyl(meth)acrylate, n-butyl(meth)acrylate, isobutyl(meth)acrylate, hexyl(meth)acrylate, octyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, decyl(meth)acrylate, dodecyl(meth)acrylate, tetradecyl(meth)acrylate, hexadecyl(meth)acrylate and/or octadecyl(meth)acrylate. Preferred Properties: The terpolymer has weight average molecular weight of 5000-100000 g/mol and degree of molecular weight distribution of 1-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The free-radical initiator is peroxide compound and azo compound. The peroxide compound is chosen from benzoyl peroxide, tert-butylperoxyacetate, di-tert butylperoxide, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, tert-butylperoxyisobutylate, tert-butylperoxybenzoate, tert-amylperoxy neodecanoate, tert-amylperoxy pivalate and tert-amylperoxy-2-ethyl hexanoate. The azo compound is 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine). Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of compound (A), compound (B) and compound (C) is 0.1-0.95:0.1-0.95:0.01-0.2. The content of free-radical initiator is 0.05-10 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The container is made of low-pressure polyethylene. The composter is made of polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Material: The hydrogen supplying material is an organic hydride which is hydrogenated into unsaturated compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The furnace outer mantle is of steel, with a thickness of less than or equal to 5 mm. The insulation layer is an alloy of aluminum-iron- magnesium silicate with aluminum bulking material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alloy is contacted with water, to generate hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of shredder dust mixed with sludge is 10-300 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of sludge. The sludge contains 30-90 weight% of moisture content and/or oil component. The shredder dust is waste motor vehicle shredder dust.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metal oxide fiber contains zinc oxide fiber. The metal used as catalyst contains copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal particles are composite metal particles. The 4th period transition metal element is titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel or copper. The 5th period transition metal element is zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium or silver. The inorganic support substance contains silicon, aluminum, carbon, titanium, zirconium and/or cerium. The metal particles are palladium-copper composite particles or palladium particles. The amount of polyhedral metal particle in the inorganic support substance is 102-1017 piece/m2. The ratio of the metal particle in the metal-particle supported catalyst is 1-50 mass%. Preferred Parameter: The edge of the polyhedral metal particle is 10-100 nm in length. Preferred Method: The metal particle supported catalyst is manufactured by forming suspension liquid of the inorganic support substance which contains 0.5-100 mass parts of Pd ions with respect to 100 mass parts of inorganic support substances, mixing 1-180 mass parts of metal particles at 15-40 degrees C with respect to 100 mass parts of inorganic support substances and drying at 100-200 degrees C. The drying process is performed in air or inert atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises citric acid and/or iron compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The canister is an aluminum can. The container is plastic-coated, lacquer coated or anodized.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The particle size of substantially all of the fluticasone propionate is less than 20 microns. ACTIVITY - Respiratory-Gen; Antiasthmatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of fluticasone propionate is 50-2000 mu g, by inhalation.    EXAMPLE - Micronized fluticasone propionate (66 or 6.6 mg) was weighed directly into each of 100 open aluminum cans and a metering valve was then crimped into place on each can. 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (18.2 g) was then added to each canister under pressure through the valve. Each canister was shaken to disperse the drug. The resulting inhalers contained fluticasone propionate (66 or 6.6 mg) and delivered fluticasone propionate (250 or 25 mu g) per activation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The amount of ethanol is 1-95 weight%, preferably 60-95 weight%, more preferably 10-30 weight%. Preferred Property: The combination of water and ethanol improves mileage, decreases overall carbon dioxide emission, maintains interior of engine clean, decreases exhaust emission of nitrogen oxide compound (NOx), carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, aldehyde, and oxy and nitro-poly-aromatic compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is mild steel, steel alloy, nickel or nickel alloy. The coating amount of coating layer is 0.1-2 mg/cm2, preferably 0.4-1 mg/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The plant protection activator comprises organic fertilizer which comprises one or more types of pressed waste of sugarcane, rice bran and soybean curd residue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant protection activator comprises Bacillus subtilis, brine, and/or zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diiron trioxide salt is tinged with magnetism. The diiron trioxide salt which is tinged with the magnetism neutralizes, after dissolving a magnetic iron ore in a concentrated hydrochloric acid. The neutralized solution is concentrated and is crystallized. The diiron trioxide salt is dissolved in water. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant; Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide; Nematocide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The plant protection activator is used at a concentration of 0.1-0.3 kg/1 m2, with respect to the agricultural product.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The materials are dried to a moisture content of 9-30% and molded at 15-120 MPa. The materials are dried either by direct contact with flue gas with an oxygen content and temperature such that the materials do not spontaneously combust or indirectly with superheated steam, mineral oil or gas. The flue gas has an oxygen content of 14 wt.% or less and a temperature of 500 degrees C or less. During mixing, solid combustible waste materials are added in an amount of up to 50 wt.%. The combustible waste materials are peat siftings, sawdust, tree bark, straw, chaff, seed husks, oil cake, plant stalks and/or combustible fractions of domestic refuse. EXAMPLE - Hydrolytic lignin with a moisture content of 67% and a particle size of up to 5 mm was activated in a hammer mill and dried to a moisture content of 9-12% by fluidization with flue gas having a temperature of 200-220 degrees C and an oxygen content of 6-8%. The lignin was molded into briquettes in a rotary press at 22 MPa. The briquettes had a heating value of 4400 kcal/kg and were 30% less expensive to produce than lignin briquettes that were dried after molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Before the re-circulating step, the hydrogen is passed through drying apparatus and/or gas cooling apparatus. The method may include adding water to cathode compartment such that the anode compartment is free of water, electrolyzing the water to form hydrogen gas at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode, passing oxygen through drying apparatus and/or gas cooling apparatus, and re-circulating the oxygen gas through the anode compartment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The membrane associated hydrogenase is nickel/iron (Ni/Fe) hydrogenase or iron/iron (Fe/Fe) hydrogenase. The membrane associated hydrogenase is a (Ni/Fe) hydrogenase from Allochromatium vinosum, Methanosarcina barkeri, Escherichia coli, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Desulfomicrobium baculatum and Ralstonia species, preferably Pyrococcus Furiosus. Preferred Support: The support is a solid support. The support is an electrically conductive support. Preferred Method: The chemical reaction is hydrogen production. The hydrogen production is performed as a solution phase reaction. The conditions include a temperature between 25-95 degrees C. The membrane associated hydrogenase is a (Ni/Fe) hydrogenase. The chemical reaction is oxidation of molecular hydrogen. Preferred System: The membrane associated hydrogenase is immobilized to a support. Preferred Device: The device further comprises a product compartment in communication with the hydrogenase compartment, the product compartment configured to comprise hydrogen produced following the reaction of a substrate with the membrane associated hydrogenase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred process: The inexpensive bio-diesel feedstocks is processed to maximize its value.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises of metal or metal oxide (in w/w%) (0-20, preferably 0.5-18) chosen from molybdenum, iron, manganese, manganese oxide, platinum, palladium, vanadium, vanadium oxide, cadmium, silver, zinc, zinc oxide and copper. The content of cobalt is 5-60 w/w%, preferably 5-15 w/w%. The content of nickel is 10-90 w/w%, preferably 15-90 w/w%. The content of chromium is 1-45 w/w%, preferably 1-35 w/w%, more preferably 1-15 w/w%. The content of chromium oxide is 1-45 w/w%, preferably 1-35 w/w%, more preferably 1-15 w/w%. The minimum amount of cobalt is 5 w/w%. The minimum amount of nickel is 50 w/w%. The minimum amount of chromium is 1 w/w%. The minimum amount of chromium oxide is 1 w/w%. Preferred Process: An organic compound is contacted with the catalyst composition in a reactor under condition, transformation is allowed and recovered the resultant product. Methane (12) is contacted with catalyst composition in a reactor (18) under conditions, decomposed (10A) and recovered, to obtain hydrogen gas and solid carbon. The solid carbon is separated from catalyst composition and the catalyst can be reused. The hydrocarbon reactant, preferably methane is contacted with catalyst composition at 400-825 degrees C, preferably 550-775 degrees C. Preferred Components: The reactor is chosen from fixed bed, moving bed, fluidized and circulating catalytic reactor. EXAMPLE - Cobalt (47%), nickel (45%), chromium (5%), and chromium oxide (3%) were mixed, heated, cool to room temperature, crashed, washed using acetone or methyl ethyl ketone and dried, to obtain catalyst composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The volume of alkali ion exchange resin is 0.1-50 times of raw glycerol. The volume of acid ion exchange resin is 0.1-50 times of raw glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw biodiesel is product obtained by material oil and alcohol under action of catalyst. The main ingredients of upper layer after standing to delay are biodiesel, excess unreacted alcohol, residual catalyst, free glycerin, metallic ion and residual soap. Preferred Composition: The fuel oil is prepared by mixing raw bio-diesel, petroleum diesel, emulsifying agent and methanol and/or water; stirring to obtain desired fuel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonate is anhydrous potassium carbonate or anhydrous sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microbe: The microbe is Bacillus laterosporus and B. subtilis. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The enzyme preparation bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the completely livestock dejecta or straws, grass carbon soil, and slurry at 60 degrees C for 7-10 hours, turning three times during the fermenting process; adding the compound bio-enzyme comprising azotase, phosphor-releasing enzyme, potassium-dissolving enzyme, plant growth enzyme, heavy metal absorptive enzyme and anti-disease enzyme after completely fermenting, uniformly blending for pelleting, and packing it into finished products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: In (b), the dregs of abamectin is dried in a shady and cool point. Preferred Composition: In (c), 5-10 pts.wt. of grass carbon ash, 0.2-0.5 pts.wt. of fulvic acid with a content of 40%, 0.01-0.03 pts.wt. of ammonium molybdate with a content of 80%, 0.01-0.02 pts.wt. of sodium molybdate with a content of 80%, 4.5-7.5 pts.wt. of zeolite comprising more than 60% of silicon dioxide, 3-5 pts.wt. of silicon powder comprising more than 10% of available silicon, and 0.3-0.6 pts.wt. of sodium metasilicate comprising more than 95% of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate are added.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The high-spring composite nano-material further comprises dimethyl methyl phosphate (3.9 weight%). ACTIVITY - Acaricide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacteria controlling blight disease is Bacillus subtilis. The filling material is sawdust or straw. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lythidathion is lythidathion crude oil with content more than 92 weight%. The oil is one or more of rap oil, cotton seed oil, castor oil, palm oil, soybean oil, turpentine oil, paraffin oil, diesel oil, methyl esterified rap oil, methyl esterified cotton seed oil, methyl esterified castor oil, methyl esterified palm oil, methyl esterified soybean oil, methyl esterified tung oil, ethyl esterified rap oil, ethyl esterified cotton seed oil, ethyl esterified castor oil, ethyl esterified palm oil, ethyl esterified soybean oil and ethyl esterified tung oil. The surfactant is one or more of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene phosphate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene phosphate, sucroglycerides, alkyl polyglycoside (APG), polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene polyol, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium succinate monoester, fluorine-containing surfactant and organic silicone surfactant. The additive is one or more of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, glutin, sodium alginate, chitin, polyvinyl alcohol, glycol, propanediol and propanetriol. The stabilizer is one or more of organic alkali compound such as n-butylamine, sec-butylamine, di-n-butylamine, di-sec-butylamine, tri-n-butylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, di-n-propylamine, diisopropylamine, tri-n-propylamine, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and potassium or sodium salt of fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The polyhydroxy compound is glucose, fructose, galactose, D-sorbitol or mannitol. The content of effective boron in the organic boron fertilizer is 0.5%. Preferred Method: The organic boron fertilizer in liquid form is prepared by adding (in g) boric acid (62) and glucose, fructose or galactose (180), or D-sorbitol or mannitol (182) in 2 l of water. The powder form of organic boron fertilizer is prepared by adding boric acid (62) and glucose, fructose or galactose (180), or D-sorbitol or mannitol (182) in 1 l of water and adding the liquid mixture to a filler (1758 g or 1756 g), mixing, drying, pulverizing and packing the dried material to obtain powder fertilizer, where the filler is attapulgite clay, pottery clay or kaolin. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The organic boron fertilizer containing 0.8-1.0 mg/kg of effective boron is dissolved in water and sprayed on the leaf surface of plants.
ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.    ADMINISTRATION - The diluted biological antibacterial agent and prepared biochemical fulvic acid foliage fertilizer are mixed and then sprayed to leaves of the fruits and vegetables, once in every 10-20 days after the plant burgeons, based on growth demands of branches and leaves, where after leaves of fruits, vegetables and economic crops are sprayed with antibacterial agent and prepared biochemical fulvic acid foliage fertilizer for a first time, the roots of fruits, vegetables and economic crops are flushed or root-irrigated with biochemical fulvic acid liquid fertilizer. The diluted antibacterial agent is sprayed at a dosage of 0.5-5 kg/ mu . The liquid biochemical fulvic acid bacterial manure is sprayed at a dosage of 0.5-5.0 kg/ mu . The solid or semisolid biochemical fulvic acid bacterial manure is sprayed with the dose of 20-50 kg/ mu and is then diluted with water to dilute to 200-500 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The processing apparatus comprises a dielectric provided inside the outer electrode, an air filtering apparatus, and a compressed-air-generation-and-storage unit installed before the air filtering apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The fermenting device further comprises a heat source supply portion (240) in which heat supply unit is mounted inside the partition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The diameter (D) is 200 mm. The diameter (D1) is 100 mm. The diameter (d) is 50 mm. Preferred Components: The half or fully mixing and medium-temperature anaerobic reactor also comprises an air mixer comprising an air stirring chamber (15) and multiple air delivery pipes (16); where the air stirring chamber is located at bottom inside the reactor (3); each air delivery pipe is installed along the radial direction of the air stirring chamber; and the air stirring chamber is connected with high-pressure air source through a pipeline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Deodorant: The deodorant contains wood-type biomass obtained by pulverizing wooden bark, such as bark chip, chaff and sawdust chip. Preferred Method: The combustion ash produced during burning of deodorant is mixed with organic waste. The deodorant having moisture content of less than 25% is burned and combustion heat is used as heat source for hot air. Preferred Apparatus: The drying machine has processing tank (7), cube-shaped frame (6), rotating shaft (9), agitation paddles (8) and heat exchange portion (10). The biomass hot blast generator has gun-type burner (21), combustion furnace (20), air supply pipe (22), cooling pipe (23), fuel supply machine (24), hopper (26), discharge screw (27), exhaust duct (29) and separation chamber (25).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid agent comprises 0.5 weight% or more of zeolite. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant. The effect of the liquid agent comprising zeolite in preventing or reducing the fruit surface damage by late frost damage was evaluated. Zeolite powder (0.5 weight%), montmorillonite powder (0.5 weight%), diatomaceous earth powder (0.5 weight%) and silica gel powder (0.5 weight%) were each separately diluted 200 times with water to obtain liquid agents. Each different liquid agent was dispersed on fruits and leaves of apple tree before the arrival of late frost immediately after the floral abscission in an amount of 500 l of liquid agent/10 a. On the day of late frost four days after dispersion of liquid agent, the damage rate was measured. Results showed that the liquid agent comprising zeolite powder effectively prevented frost damage on fruit surface with very less damage rate of 3% compared to diatomaceous earth powder and silica gel powder treated fruits having damage rates of 15% and 18%, respectively.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The liquid agent is dispersed between the young fruits from the flowering period of the fruit tree. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganisms of halophile, thermophilic bacteria, acidophilic bacterium and/or strain NTA-1 is impregnated to ceramic grain (a).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ceramic grain (a) contains barium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The wastewater treatment equipment has an apparatus which adds chlorine or hypochlorite solution to the to-be-processed waste liquid and a magnetic processing tank filled with a permanent magnet (3) formed by covering with an antirust film at before or behind the wastewater treatment tank is provided.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The antirust film comprises metal plating film and/or a polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The solar energy heating device (12) comprises a solar energy heat absorber (11) set on outer side of the upper tank body (4) and a solar energy radiator coil tube (5) set in the upper tank body or lower tank body (8); where the solar energy heat absorber is communicated with both ends of the solar energy radiator coil tube by medium circulating connection pipes (10); the heat absorbing medium is set in the tube; an exhaust valve (13) is set on top end of the solar energy heat absorbert; and a liquid feeding port (1) is set on the solar energy radiator coil tube by a liquid feeding pipe (2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The circulating water system comprises temperature-controlling water box mounted at the bottom part of the new mash gas tank, the cold water outlet of the temperature-controlling water box is communicated with the cold water inlet of the solar heat collector via circular water pump; the heat water outlet of the solar heat collector is communicated with the heat water inlet of the temperature-controlling water box. The temperature-controlling device also comprises temperature control meter, alternating current contactor and temperature sensor mounted in the new marsh gas tank, the temperature signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature control meter, the order output end of the temperature control meter is connected with the alternating current contactor, and the alternating current contactor is connected between the circular water pump and electric power source. The cold water outlet channel of the temperature-controlling water box is provided with water replenishing tube. The temperature-controlling water box is provided with exhaust tube, the exhaust tube is mounted at top part of the temperature-controlling water box, which is at least 10 cm higher than the full water level line of the temperature-controlling water box. The new marsh gas tank comprises marsh gas tank fermenting room, feeding orifice, discharging orifice and marsh gas outlet, the marsh gas tank fermenting room external layer surface is provided with insulating layer. The solar heat collector is provided with flooding tube, which is mounted on the heat water outlet of the top part of the solar heat collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gasoline is ethanol gasoline; and by-product is sugar, wine, spice, glycerin, fungus foods and medicine, fodder, paper and fiberboard. Preferred Methods: The corn stalk and corn core are normally collected, leaving stalk to grow for long time; and corn stalk can absorb nutrition and increase sugar, using fresh corn stalk with sugar, and corn core preferably selecting fresh and quick-frozen fresher. The roots, stalks, leaves and fruits of all plants such as straw, sorghum stalk, cotton stalk, cotton leaves, rapeseed stalk, sweet potato stalk, peanut stalk, sunflower stalk leaves, vegetables and fruits and stalk, skins, bean dregs, granulated slag, scum, wine stillage, cotton seed hulls, branch and leaves, weed and water plant are fresh. The corn stalk with high sugar content, corn core, sorghum stalk, melon and fruit can be directly produced into the sugar, wine and spice. The waste residues of ethanol, gasoline, sugar and wine are extracted; culturing edible fungi and medicinal fungus; and using waste mycelium for producing fodder or manufacturing paper and fiberboard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic ion is selected from zinc ion, cobalt ion, manganese ion or molybdenum ion. The metal ion source is zinc nitrate hexahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The metal-organic structure is produced by mixing organic ligand and metal ion source with in a solvent. 1,3-benzene dicarboxylate monomer is reacted with metallic ion to form organic ligand having C3 symmetric plane. The obtained metal-organic ligand is sealed hermetically in container and crystallized by segregation. The sealed container is annealed at constant temperature. Three metal-organic hexoctahedrons are connected and piled in two layers due to closest packing arrangement. Preferred Solvent: The solvent is dimethylacetamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas comprises a gaseous component such as low sulfur alkanes and/or nitrogen gas. The inert gas comprises a methane gas.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixed freezing medium comprises low-b.pt. working substance and high-b.pt. substance. The low-b.pt. substance comprises tetrafluoromethane, ethylene, ethane, fluoroethylene, perfluoroethylene, trifluoromethane, fluoromethane, perfluoroethane, carbon dioxide, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, trifluoroethane, fluoroethane, propylene, propane, monochlorodifluoromethane, monochloropentafluoroethane and/or perfluoropropane. The high-b.pt. working substance comprises propadiene, cyclopropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, isobutene, n-butane, 1-butylene, isobutene, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroacetone, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane and/or monochlorotetrafluoroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred components: The sugar supply source is selected from defatted rice bran, bean foil, castor meal, wheat bran or soybean cake. Preferred Species: The microorganism is Bacillus species. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The activated bacterial strain (5-20%) (V/V) is inoculated in proliferated culture (300-500 ml) for 18-36 hours such that the bacterial concentration is 107-109 microorganism/ml to obtain seed culture solution. The seed culture solution (15-50%) is inoculated in the fermentation culture. The fermented straw powder is prepared by cutting fresh straws into 1-3 cm of small segments and stacking, adding water to the stack to wet straws, coating by plastic film, maintaining temperature of stack at 30-50 degrees C and fermenting for 10-30 days. The method further involves periodically draining 1/5-1/4 volume of fermentation liquor to a depositing tank containing mineral acidic wastewater, simultaneously adding substrate using straws as carbon source to the fermentation tank, controlling flow rate of fermentation liquor to depositing tank to adjust pH value of liquid in depositing tank, depositing metallic ions, periodically charging nitrogen from bottom of fermentation tank to blow off hydrogen sulfide, and introducing hydrogen sulfide to depositing tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The culture medium for bacterial activation comprises (in g) dipotassium phosphate (0.1-3), ammonium sulfate (0.5-5), sodium bicarbonate (0.1-3), calcium chloride (0.1-1), magnesium sulfate (0.2-2.5), sodium lactate (0.5-5), trace element (10-15), trace vitamin (10-15 ml), cysteine hydrochloride (0.1-2), yeast extract (0.5-5), ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (0.2-2) and distilled water (1 l). The fermentation culture solution is prepared by using straws as carbon and nitrogen source, comprises (in g) 5-20% (W/V) of fermented straw powder, dipotassium phosphate (0.1-3), ammonium sulfate (0.5-5), sodium bicarbonate (0.1-3), calcium chloride (0.1-1), magnesium sulfate (0.2-2.5) and vapor (3-5 l).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rat poison bait comprises (in weight parts) spice (3-4, preferably 3.005), ethyl ether (0.0014-0.002, preferably 0.0014), pigment (0.5-0.8, preferably 0.6), raw flour (100-150, preferably 100), asafoetida (5-6, preferably 5), camenthol (0.01-0.15, preferably 0.01) and bromadiolone mother solution (5-7, preferably 5). The spice comprises cream, muskiness, aniseed kaempferol and fennel. The pigment is red granules or green granules. Preferred Property: The concentration of bromadiolone mother solution is 0.5%. The raw flour is manioc flour and maize flour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ardealite mixed with urea aqueous solution is semihydrate ardealite. The ardealite mixed with urea-formaldehyde resin is semihydrate ardealite or dehydrate ardealite. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The tungstate catalyst or molybdate catalyst is sodium molybdate, ammonium tungstate, ammonium molybdate, phosphotungstic acid, tungstate or tungstate catalyst loaded with active carbon, silicon dioxide immobilized phosphotungstic acid catalyst, superstable Y type zeolite catalyst loaded with phosphotungstic acid, or preferably sodium tungstate. The catalyst tungstate or molybdate in the catalytic oxidation system is used in acidic medium, which is inorganic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, or organic acid, preferably oxalic acid, where pH of the acidic medium is 1-6, preferably 1-3. Preferred Parameter: The hydrogen peroxide oxidant in the catalytic oxidation system is at 3-50, preferably 20-50%. The reaction temperature for catalytic oxidation is - 50-10 or 0-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The dewatering of cured and fermented garbage is carried out using vacuum pump, such that the gas is drawn through pump pipe provided at top of the garbage can. The ventilation pipes are inserted uniformly on four sides of garbage can. Tetrahydrothiophen gas is added to biogas after purification. The organic substance which does not degrade with slag is processed into organic complex fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is one or more calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethlene ether, styryl phenol polyoxyethlene ether, polyoxypropylene alkyl aryl ethers, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkylphenol ethoxylate, succinate half-ester containing sulphonate, white carbon black, diatomite and talcum powder. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The berberine plant extract is the water extract comprises (in parts) barberry (40-50), Amur cork tree bark (1-2), purple common Perilla (45-50) and castor oil plant (2-3), where the berberine plant extract content in each ml of the medicine is equal to 1 g of crude drug. Preferred Method: The berberine plant extract is prepared by grinding barberry, Amur cork tree bark, purple common Perilla and castor-oil plant, immersing the powder in water for 12-24 hours, stirring them for 2-3 times, and then heating the raw materials to 100 degrees C, maintaining under the low boiling condition for 1 hour, squeezing and filtering the raw materials, centrifuging the filtrate or maintaining the filtrate to precipitate, and then adding water to the filtered residues to immerse for 3-4 hours, boiling the residues for 1 hour, and then filtering the filtrate, mixing the filtrate for two times uniformly, condensing the filtrate in vacuum at lower temperature such that each ml of liquid medicine contains 1 g of crude drug to obtain the berberine plant extract. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The livestock excrement is mixture of cattle feces or other livestock excrements. The fuel body contains plant substance (preferably lignin, cellulose or wood).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The input feedstocks of inferior quality such as waste animal fats from tanneries are treated by the refining process based on zonal melting controlled by programmed heating before the reesterification reaction in the organic base environment takes place. The waste oil- or fat-based input feedstock containing free fatty acids, especially if the free fatty acid content exceeds the limiting acid number, possibly if the input feedstocks are optionally saturated fatty acids, a pre-alcoholysis treatment, is applied by esterification of free fatty acids with the use of an organic base or its mixture. Preferred Components: The organic base or its mixture is an amine with boiling point at standard pressure up to 200 degrees C, or a mixture of such amines with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). The amine comprises isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, dimethyl- or diethylamine, n-butylamine and/or cyclohexylamine. The amine or its mixture is dosed together with TMAH (1-8 wt.%), related to the weight of the input feedstock. The amine or its mixture is partly replaced with a condensate containing an amine recycled from the preceding alcoholytic reaction. The organic base or its mixture is the amines, and other related organic bases such as TMAH. EXAMPLE - Waste tannery fat (500 g) containing triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids (40%) and triglycerides of saturated fatty acids (60%) and acid number of 45 mg potassium hydroxide/g of the feedstock were mixed with 25% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (250 g) solution in methyl alcohol. Subsequently, methyl alcohol (500 g) was added and the reaction blend was heated for 8 hours at 65 degrees C. After termination of the reaction, the excess methyl alcohol was distilled off and a separated layer of crude biodiesel was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biomass raw materials are heated to 300-400 degrees C with the remaining heat of engine in the dry distillation chamber of dry distillation furnace, and heated to 500-600 degrees C with the remaining heat of high temperature cracking gas. Further heating up to 1000 degrees C is carried out by electric heating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Parameters including pH and/or alkalinity of discharged water from the biological reaction tank, and concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in gas at an outlet of the reaction tank are measured, and when they are reduced, the circulation of microorganism-containing liquid or sludge is stopped and switched to sprinkling water on upper part of the reaction tank. Turbidity of water in the circulation tank is detected, and when it is confirmed, the microorganism-containing liquid is circulated or sludge is stopped and switched to sprinkling water on the upper part of the biological reaction tank. A digestive liquid from facilities where anaerobic digestive treatment is conducted, or digestive sludge, is used as the seed sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: At least two (preferably at least 14) of the isolated bacterial strains are provided together in a mixture. At least two (preferably at least 7) of isolated fungal strains are provided together in a mixture. Preferred Composition: The microbial formulation (M2) further comprises a liquid carrier containing water and humic acid (12 vol./vol.%). The liquid carrier has a pH of 7. The microbial isolate concentration in the liquid carrier is 1010 to 1017 microbes per milliliter of liquid. The formulation is selected from liquid, a dried formulation, and a wettable powder. Preferred Method: The method involves mixing liquid carrier with the microbial isolate. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Antibacterial; Fungicide; Virucide; Antiparasitic; Protozoacide; Insecticide. An isolated bacterial strain Rhizobium species RLG1 was evaluated for efficacy in stimulating plant growth. The efficacy of bacterial strain on growth of commercially available forage legumes seed mixture was tested. Plant height, total number of leaves, leaf area, leaf color, flowering time, fruiting time, shoot and root biomass, and the incidence of pests and diseases were monitored. The results showed an increase in plant height in plants treated with bacterial strain i.e. when compared to controls, corn height increased by 65%; egg plant by 41%; wonder bush beans by 40%; tomato by 91%, soybeans by 96%, pea purple hull by 50%, and okra by 16%.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The formulation is applied by seed dipping, pipetting, irrigating, spraying, foliar spraying (claimed), dusting or by irrigation water. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An alcohol component is mixed with fats-and-oil raw material having free fatty acid as main component, pressurized, heated, and water which is supercritical state of alcohol is generated as by-product by esterification in which esterifying reaction is performed using subcritical water in liquid state. The alcohol is maintained in supercritical state, fixed-temperature expansion is carried out under reduced pressure. The water is reacted in condition of low pressure subcritical state or dry-cleaning steam state. The setting amount of free fatty acid contained in fats-and-oil raw material is 50 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The shell powder is shuck powder, snail shell powder, clam shell powder, and/or shell powder. The raw material oil is animal oil, plant oil, waste edible oil, trench oil and/or hogwash oil. The low-carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. The solid alkali catalyst is synthesized by alkaline metal and non-alkaline metal loaded by activation shell powder. The solid acid is synthesized by sulfonic acid loaded by activation shell powder. Preferred Method: The separation of glycerol comprises standing to divide into layers to achieve separation, or separating according to different solid and liquid states at different temperatures. The activation shell powder is formed by cleaning with 0.01-0.1 mol/L of acid-deficient aqueous solution at normal temperature, and preburning to vaporize moisture at lower temperature of 50-100 degrees C. The method for loading solid acid or solid alkali using shell powder comprises solid phase grind synthesis, spin coating, dipping coating, plasma spray coating, dipping or thermal spray coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The transfer process is degrading by acid method, degrading by alkali method or preferably degrading by enzyme method. The degradation by enzyme method is performed by sugarcane zymose. The addition amount of the enzyme is 100 kg of substrate/130-140 g of enzyme, preferably 100 kg of substrate/300 g of enzyme, where reaction time is 30 minutes. The method for obtaining the oil oil from the microalgae for producing biodiesel is squeezing method, cracking method, organic solvent extraction, cell breakage or supercritical fluid method. The preparation of biodiesel comprises esterification reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The solid-liquid separation mechanism is sedimentation stabilization tank, and acid-proof butterfly centrifuge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The degelatinization and shedding of impurity process includes adding concentrated sulfuric acid to raw oil, where humidity content is less than 0.3%, concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid is 1-5% of the concentration of raw oil, pressure is normal, and temperature is 40-50 degrees C. The vacuum distillation includes using flash film concentrator to separate fatty acid and triglyceride in raw oil. The acid esterification reaction involves using esterifying kettle, adding 20-30% industrial methanol to fatty acid raw oil, adding into 1-2% concentrated sulfuric acid, and stirring; and adding into fatty acid raw oil, heating to 68-75 degrees C, esterifying for 3-4 hours to make acid value less than 0.8, ph value 6-6.5, and producing crude product of biodiesel. The alkali esterification reaction involves using ester exchanger kettle, adding sodium hydroxide methanol solution (20-30% of triglyceride raw oil), and stirring; slowly adding triglyceride raw oil whose acid value is less than 2.0, and water content is less than 0.3%; heating to 68-75 degrees C, esterifying for 3 plus minus 0.5 hours, dealcoholizing, and separating glycerin to make total content of triglyceride not more than 1% for producing crude product of biodiesel. The adsorption filtration involves putting the crude product of biodiesel in filter plant, adding into 2-7% floridine, stirring, and heating to 70-80 degrees C; and agitating and filtering in normal temperature, checking whether quality of biodiesel is bright, if it is, then product oil is produced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil is animal oil or plant oil. The catalyst used in the preparation is ion liquid catalyst of formula R +-(CH 2) n-SO 3-.R=pyridine; andn=methylimidazole or triethylamine..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high ratio environment-friendly methanol gasoline comprises (mass%): gasoline (30), methanol (60), and modified additive (10). The modified additive is fully mixed, then added to gasoline, agitated for 50-70 minutes, and aged for 12 hours at normal temperature and pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel comprises (pts. wt.): food additive (3-10) and glyoxide (0.2-0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The desulfurization process is carried out by dry method or wet method. The dry method comprises using a device containing desulfurizer including active carbon, ferric oxide or zinc oxide to replace methane, where hydrogen sulfide can be absorbed, to remove the hydrogen sulfide from the methane. The wet method comprises making methane flow through desulfurizing tower, where methane contacts with reverse sulfur in desulfurizing solution, so that hydrogen sulfide can be absorbed. The making of methane into sulfur-free natural gas includes regenerating replacement material or solution already used in absorption tower to release carbon dioxide for making the solution recyclable and reusable. The dehydration process involves cooling methane through a heat exchanger. The ultrafiltering process involves mounting multiple filters on gas inlet part, where filtering material is ultra filter element. Preferred Device: The separating device comprises filter for removing water, solid impurity and dust from the methane, and impurity accommodating device for storing impurities.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbing and replacement solution is alkali solution including amino alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: In the initial pH of the fermentation liquor, the compound for adjusting the pH can be calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia, and plant ash. Preferred Composition: In (f), when gas amount is lower than 5% of daily average gas amount, new materials are fed in the device for next fermentation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Methods: The biochemical treatment pond is made via anaerobic oxic technique, anaerobic anoxic oxic technique, membrane bioreactor technique and/or sequencing batch reactor technique. Preferred Components: The filler of filtering pond is sandstone, activated charcoal, fiber ball, honeycomb filter core, and/or microcellular tile ceramic pipe. The depth treatment pond comprises ozone/UV, ozone, and ozonide ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The sludge drying and composting pond is heated by thermoelectric couple, vapor, or heating coil. The compost temperature is automatically adjusted by temperature-controlled heating device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermal insulating device is made of polyurethane, polystyrene foam, rubber and plastic sponge, glass cotton, aluminum silicate, polyethylene, or rock wool. The used material is stainless steel, glass steel, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polyamide, polyphenylether, or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The catabolic enzymes is any one of protein contents of the catabolic enzymes generating strain or the protein content of polylactic acid catabolic enzymes having protein degradation activity generated by reforming strain. The catabolic enzymes comprises catabolic enzymes I, catabolic enzymes II and catabolic enzymes II, wherein the catabolic enzymes I comprises protein with N-terminal sequence comprising fully defined 15 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: not defined) given in the specification or its mutant variant protein; the catabolic enzymes II comprises fully defined 241 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 3) given in the specification or its mutant variant protein; the enzyme III comprises fully defined 176 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 4) given in the specification or its mutant variant protein. In sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) measurement the catabolic enzymes is any one of polylactic acid catabolic enzymes with molecular weight of 18.0-35.0 kDa. The catabolic enzymes are alkaline protein with isoelectric point not less than 9.1-10.0. The catabolic enzymes is polylactic acid, protein or small peptide zymolyte, such as active N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide, N-succinyl-Gly-Gly-Phe-p-nitroanilide or N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide, inactive N-succinyl-Gly-Gly-Gly-p-nitroanilide. The protease activity of the catabolic enzymes and the polylactic degradation activity are both mightily inhibited by serine proteinase, but not be inhibited by pepsin inhibitor and chymostatin. The enzyme is reacted at 50-60 degrees C, with pH of 9.5-10.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The multi-component complex inorganic particle is zirconium oxide-silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The former macromolecular solution is 10% (w/w) Nafion(RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) macromolecular solution and latter macromolecular solution is 15% (w/w) Nafion(RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) macromolecular solution. The base polymer is perfluorinated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The seed oil is soy bean oil, olive oil or corn oil. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The compounding ratios of domestic sludge, straw and chicken manure are 40-50 wt.%, 35-20 wt.% and 25-30 wt.%, respectively, and the ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 15-30, preferably 25. The plant growth inhibitor is triiodobenzoic acid or mixture of triiodobenzoic acid and paclobutrazol. The controlled-release agent is a mixture of humic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and triethylene triamine pentacetate in the ratio of 1:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microbial fermentation agent comprises Bacillus coagulans, B.stearothermophilus, Nocardia asteroides, Streptomyces gilvosporeus and B.subtilis in the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1. The microbial strain liquid comprises Azotobacter, phosphor bacteria, ray fungi and microzyme in the ratio of 1:1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The curing agent is chromium trichloride, copper sulfate, alum, formaldehyde, or glutaric dialdehyde.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The emulsifier is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sorbitan tristearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and/or styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. The antifoaming agent is silicone emulsion, higher alcohol fatty acid ester complex, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, polyoxypropylene glycerol ether, or dimethyl silicone polymer. The viscosity adjusting agent is sodium polyacrylate, xanthan gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, and/or polyvinyl alcohol. Preferred Composition: The wall materials comprise (pts.wt.): glutin (1-4), gum arabic (0.8-3.2), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.2-0.8). ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizer is chosen from condensed phosphate, phosphate surfactant, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid and urea. The synergistic agent is chosen from organic silicon, azone, thalidone, tea saponin and osmotic agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone, soluble starch, polycarboxylate, polyglycol ether, fructose and glucose. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The preparation preferably comprises B.subtilis B579 (5.0-8.0x 1010 colony forming units/g), soluble starch (in weight%) (0.4-1), dextrin (1-1.5), sucrose (1-1.5), sodium glutamate (0.3-0.6), calcium carbonate (1) and diatomite (1-2). The fermentation medium comprises (in g/l) yeast extract (5-10), soluble starch (8-16), glucose (4-8), soybean cake powder (8-16), beef extract (6-12), corn flour (8-16), water and foam suppressor, where the foam suppressor is seed fat (1-2 weight%) or dimethyl silicone oil (0.4-1.0 weight%). Preferred Components: The carrier is chosen from water, talcum powder, methyl cellulose, sawdust, clay, kaolin, diatomite, calcium carbonate, lignin, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, hydrocarbon, ether, ketone, aromatic compounds, acid amides or their mixture, preferably diatomite, calcium carbonate, methyl cellulose, sawdust and talcum powder. The heat resistant protective agent is chosen from soluble starch, dextrin, sucrose, sodium glutamate or their mixture. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The unit for connecting the reactor tank to the mixer tank is flexible hoses, two way ball valves, a filter, sighting tube and electric pump. Preferred Process: A triglyceride base from the stored waste vegetable or used cooking oil is provided to the reactor tank. The triglyceride base is reacted with a solution containing an alcohol and an alkaline catalyst to form biodiesel fuel portion and excess alcohol portion. The excess alcohol portion is recovered from the reactor tank by allowing predetermined time for excess alcohol portion to set to the bottom of the reactor tank. The remaining biodiesel fuel portion is cleaned from the reactor tank through contact with an absorbent material to remove remaining trace amount of excess alcohol portion. The cleaned biodiesel fuel is filtered to remove absorbent material. The excess alcohol portion is retrieved through vapor recovery by providing an electric pump for recovering gaseous excess alcohol portion. The cleaned biodiesel fuel is filtered by passing through a filter having pore size of 5-10 micron. The triglyceride base is filtered by passing through a filter having pore size of 5-10 micron, before reacting with a solution containing alcohol and alkaline catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The alkaline catalyst is potassium hydroxide. The absorbent material is magnesium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The triglyceride base is vegetable oil. The alcohol is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The suspension contains a metal oxide selected from aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and/or aluminum/silicon mixed oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The plate is made from an austenitic steel or a nickel-chromium-iron alloy. The joining layer is made from an alloy containing nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is platinum, palladium, ruthenium, gold or their oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The removal of sand from excrement comprises mixing the excrement with water and pouring the mixture into the first-stage sand settling tank and agitating; overflowing the liquid to the second-stage sand settling tank when the concentration of the liquid in the first-stage sand settling tank is not less than 12% and the sand content is not greater than 4%; agitating the liquid when the liquid level in the second-stage sand settling tank is not less than 2-2.5 m; overflowing the liquid to the third-stage sand settling tank when the liquid level in the third-stage sand settling tank reaches 3.5 m; reflowing the supernatant fluid to the first-stage sand settling tank when the concentration is not greater than 10%; and discharging the excrement liquid for subsequent treatment when concentration of the liquid in the third-stage sand settling tank reaches 10-12% at 10-15 degrees C and the sand content is not greater than 3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The detector comprises a reference chamber filled with mixed gas of methane and nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The detector comprises a filter membrane formed outside a stainless steel tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalyst is heated at temperature more than predetermined temperature, to generate primary intermediate active substance, water vapor and hydrogen. The generated primary intermediate active substance, water vapor, and water supplied from outside are reacted, to generate metal oxide, secondary intermediate active substance and metal hydroxide. The secondary intermediate active substance and metal hydroxide are reacted, to generate primary intermediate active substance, water vapor and oxygen. Hydrogen is produced from the water by repeating the reactions. Preferred Compounds: The metal oxide is chromium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide or molybdenum oxide. The metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide. The primary and secondary intermediate active substances contain a compound formed by coupling metal in metal hydroxide and metal oxide. The valence of metal in metal oxide of primary and secondary intermediate active substances differs mutually.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The neutralized biofuel is deodorized and decolored using ozone and ultrasonic wave. The animal-and-plant oil includes waste edible oil, vegetable oil and animal oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The molecular sieve material is aluminosilicate molecular sieve, silicalite molecular sieve, silico-alumino-phosphate molecular sieve, aluminophosphate molecular sieve and/or carbon-based molecular sieve. The content of molecular sieve material is 10-20 wt.%. Preferred Membrane: The fluid separation membrane is an asymmetric film membrane or a hollow fiber membrane. Preferred Method: A fluid mixture is contacted with primary side of membrane, and preferentially permeable fluid of fluid mixture is permeated through membrane faster than a less preferentially permeable fluid to form a permeate fluid mixture enriched in preferentially permeable fluid on secondary side of membrane and a retentate fluid mixture depleted in preferentially permeable fluid on primary side of membrane. The permeate fluid mixture and retentate fluid mixture are separately withdrawn. The pressure gradient across membrane is 100-2000 psi.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polyimide polymer is an annealed polyimide polymer. The content of polyimide polymer in suspension is 20-25 wt.%. Preferred Method: The molecular sieve is treated with a binder and washed, before producing the concentrated suspension.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The material is a co-ordination complex of zinc represented by the formula: Zn2(NDC)2(DPNI), where NDC represents 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate and DPNI represents N,N'-di-(4-pyridyl)- 1,4,5,8-napthalene tetracarboxydiimide. Preferred Reactants: The material is obtained either by heating reactants in a fluid heating bath or by microwave heating of reactants. The reactants comprises zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2), 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2NDC), and N,N'-di-(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-napthalene tetracarboxydiimide (DPNI) in a solvent. Preferred Gas mixture: The gas mixture includes a hydrocarbon gas comprising methane, propane, and/or propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The compound for reducing the concentration of auxin in the raw cellulose stream, assisting in dehydrogenation of the raw cellulose stream, and/or modifying the pH of the raw cellulose stream may be enzyme, preferably dehydrogenase, formate, alcohol dehydrogenase E, cytosol, and/or excrements of cephalopods or ocean mammals. Preferred Microorganisms: The organism is a fungus, yeast, bacterium, and/or protozoan. It is Piromyces sp. E2, Neocallimastix sp. L2, Mixotricha paradoxa, Spirochaeta endosymbiotes, Escherichia coli, or E. coli BL21.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The hydrolysis stage further comprises hydrolysis input(s) comprising compound(s) for reducing the concentration of auxin in the raw cellulose stream, assisting in dehydrogenation of the raw cellulose stream, and/or modifying the pH of the raw cellulose stream. The compound may be capsaicin, quercetin, genestine, and/or ethanol. The liquefaction byproduct stream includes xylitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gaseous composition comprises hydrogen gas and the odorant (0.01-1000, preferably 0.1-40 ppm). Preferred Components: The selenium compound is ethylselenol, methylselenol, isopropylselenol, propylselenol, dimethyl selenide, ethylmethyl selenide, isopropylmethyl selenide, tertbutylselenol or diethyl selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: A pure culture of Clostridium sartagoformum is used. The culture is immobilized. Fermentation is effected in a reactor continuously supplied with biomass at a rate of at least 8 kg/m3.day (dry organic solids basis). Fermentation is effected at 40-50 degrees C with continuous stirring. The reactor can also be continuously supplied with fresh culture. EXAMPLE - In a fermentation process operating with a dry organic solids throughput of 4.25 kg/m3.day (no further details given), several additions of Clostridium sartagoformum were made between days 215 and 314, resulting in an increase in throughput to 8.5 kg/m3.day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: A pure culture of Paenibacillus macerans is used. The culture is immobilized. Fermentation is effected in a reactor continuously supplied with biomass at a rate of at least 8 kg/m3.day (dry organic solids basis). Fermentation is effected at 40-50 degrees C with continuous stirring. The reactor can also be continuously supplied with fresh culture. EXAMPLE - In a fermentation process operating with a dry organic solids throughput of 5.5 kg/m3.day (no further details given), addition of Paenibacillus macerans SBG2 resulted in an increase in throughput to 8.5 kg/m3.day and a more than 2-fold increase in biogas yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: A pure culture of Clostridium sporosphaeroides is used. The culture is immobilized. Fermentation is effected in a reactor continuously supplied with biomass at a rate of at least 8 kg/m3.day (dry organic solids basis). Fermentation is effected at 40-50 degrees C with continuous stirring. The reactor can also be continuously supplied with fresh culture. EXAMPLE - In a fermentation process operating with a dry organic solids throughput of 5.5 kg/m3.day (no further details given), addition of Clostridium sporosphaeroides resulted in an increase in throughput to 8.5 kg/m3.day and an almost 2-fold increase in biogas yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The inert stripping gas is pulsed in such a way as to produce an approximately resonant state of vibration in the melt, preferably with a resonance frequency of 20-50 Hz. Inert gas taken from the reactor together with the volatile impurities is purified in at least one stage (8, 9). The residual material is heated to 220-290 degrees C with a small temperature difference between the heat exchanger (2) and the melt. Higher-density impurities are taken off at the bottom of the reactor; the inert (stripper) gas is cooled to condense out volatile impurities which are then removed. The preferred inert gas is nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide. Preferred System: The system includes a first pulsator (11) between the compressor (10) and the gas injector (12), to induce pulsed vibration in the inert gas being recycled into the reactor via the injector (12). There is also a second pulsator (17) mounted underneath the reactor (1) and connected to the melt, preferably to set up resonant pulsed vibration in the melt. The purification stage comprises scrubbers (8, 9) for removing acids and hydrocarbons, and a condenser (16) is provided before the purification stage (8, 9) to remove volatile impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The basic solution and the activating agent are packaged in a dosage such as to provide a predetermined pH value of 5-8 upon mixing. The predetermined pH is 6-7. The basic solution comprises sodium hypochlorite and/or potassium hypochlorite stabilized with free caustic soda and/or potash. The activating agent comprises a cation-exchange resin in acidic form. The cation-exchange resin is a strong cation-exchange resin provided with sulfonic functional groups and a weak cation-exchange resin provided with carboxylic functional groups. The activating agent comprises at least one compound with buffering properties, either solid or in solution. The compound with buffering properties is a sodium or potassium diacid phosphate. The basic solution and the activating agent are packaged in a dosage such as to generate hypochlorous acid of concentration of 0.1-2 g/l. Preferred Method: The steps of pre-dosage of a basic hypochlorite solution and dosage of an activating agent are carried out during the manufacturing stage of (I). The optional dilution of the pre-dosed basic hypochlorite solution is carried out with tap water. The basic hypochlorite solution is a commercial alkali hypochlorite solution and the optional dilution is carried out with tap water. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - A sodium hypochlorite commercial solution (200 g/l) containing sodium chloride (160 g/l), free caustic soda (3 g/l) as stabilizer and chlorate (0.1 g/l) was purchased. The sodium hypochlorite solution was dosed by dilution of 0.5-100 l by tap water addition to give pre-dosed diluted solution containing sodium hypochlorite (1 g/l) and sodium chloride (0.8 g/l), at pH 8.6. The activating agent was dosed by sampling of cation-exchange resin (0.5 g/l) using a calibrated 1 liter vessel to give the activated hypochlorite solution and activated agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mineral component is chosen from phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper and selenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The livestock dung contains cellulose and lignin. Preferred Process: The wollastonite is added to the livestock dung before adding concentrated sulfuric acid. The mineral component is added to the residue (A) removed from the liquid (III). The residue (B) which is remained after distilling ethanol from liquid (II) is incinerated, to obtain incinerating ash. The residue (A) from liquid (III) is added to ammonium sulfide, to obtain liquid (IV) with ammonium sulfide. Then, the saccharide and yeast are added to the liquid (IV) and forms liquid (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner cylinder, outer cylinder and honeycomb base material are comprised of ferric stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition for producing hydrogen consists of gallium and tin, silver or metal with lower electrode potential than gallium The metal with lower electrode potential than gallium is magnesium and/or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The nuclear fission heat is preserved by heat energy at 750 degrees C provided by air-cooled U235 graphite reactor and high temperature of 1250 degrees C provided by focused solar energy combined to form atomic solar vacuum furnace for regenerating carrier fuels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The salt can be water soluble inorganic acid salt. The water soluble inorganic acid salt is potassium salt, sodium salt, magnesium salt, calcium salt, or ammonium salt. The potassium or sodium salt includes sulfate of potassium or sodium, hydrochloride of potassium or sodium. The ammonium salt is sulfate or hydrochloride. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extraction method comprises adding salt in filtrate of fermentation liquor, stirring, adjusting pH to 7.2-11.5 with alkali or adjusting pH and then adding the salt, separating solid from liquid to obtain crude product, mixing the solid with 20-60 times water, adjusting pH to 6.5-2, separating solid from liquid to obtain tylosin liquid, adding 3-15 times hydrophobic organic solvent in liquid, adjusting pH to 7.2-11.5 with alkali while stirring, adding salt, stirring, and separating ester phase. Then, the fermentation liquor is treated by separating solid from liquid, adding salt, stirring, adjusting pH to 7.2-11.5 with alkali, or adjusting pH and adding the salt, separating crude tylosin from liquid, and sending to next process directly or sending to the next process after drying. Preferred Component: The salt is organic acid salt. The organic salt is 2-7C organic acid salt of potassium or sodium. The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, or fumaric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Methods: The fermentation involves sterilizing a raw material and adding 20 international unit of cellulose, 0.01g of yeast and 1g of substrate to form a mixture. Anaerobic fermentation of the mixture is carried out at 37 degrees C for 72 hours and the mixture is distilled to obtain ethanol. The auto-catalyzed ethanol-water pulping involves putting short fiber in a reactor and adding water and ethanol in the reactor to form a mixture. The mixture is steamed at 160-190 degrees C for 2 hours and cooled, and filtered to form a pulp containing filtrate. The ethanol is recycled from the filtrate by distillation to form alcohol lignin. The pulp containing filtrate is bleached by a bleaching liquid at 70 degrees C for 2 hours for generating biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The bleaching liquid contains 1% of sodium silicate, 2% of hydrogen peroxide and 2% of sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The catalyst is metallic catalyst or carbon system supporter, where the metallic catalyst is selected from platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy, platinum-molybdenum alloy, platinum-rhodium alloy and platinum-transition metal alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvents: The solvent is selected from water, butanol, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte film includes a polymer, which is selected from perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazenes, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone, polysulfone or their acid and doped base. The gas diffusion layer includes carbon paper, carbon cloth or conductive substrate selected from carbon felt, carbon-based material or fluorine-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The gasification gas is obtained by gasifying biomass. Preferred Arrangement: A liquefier is provided for liquefying synthetic methanol before supercritical synthesis. A turbine installation is provided for recovering the pressure from supercritical synthesis apparatus. An engine is provided for burning the off gas (20) from the turbine installation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The temperature control unit has cooling/heating temperature control unit which heats and cools the waste slurry through the fluid. The stirring unit has agitator, air blower which sends air through organic waste slurry and circulation path which circulates organic waste slurry.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The moisture content of the organic waste slurry is 90 mass% or less. The concentration of the solid content in the slurry is 10-40 mass%. Preferred Condition: The temperature of the slurry is 0-30 degrees C. The residence time of the slurry during stirring is 1 hour to 10 days. Preferred Component: The heat source in the heat drying process is solar heat and/or fermentation heat generated in the fermentation process of organic waste. Preferred Process: The dried organic waste is pulverized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The decomposition product of polylactic acid is obtained by heating polylactic acid by temperature conditions of greater than or equal to 65.5 degrees C under coexistence of methane fermentation sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrate-forming species is a gas including carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and/or hydrogen. Preferred Method: The temperature is at 1-5 degrees C and the pressure is at 1-34 atm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrate-forming species is chlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, and/or hydrochlorofluorocarbon, preferably 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, and/or tetrahydrofuran. It may be a gas including methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, butane, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, and/or 1,1-difluoroethane. The heat exchange (HX) liquid compound comprises an electronic fluid having a molecular weight of 521 g/g-mol, a density of 1.82 g/cm3, a refractive index of 1.2813, and a dielectric constant of 1.86. The coolant solution comprises 25 wt.% 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and 75 wt.% HX liquid compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel comprises (%):(A) diesel oil (25-65) and solvent oil (5-35);(B) diesel oil (25-65) and gasoline (10-25);(C) diesel oil (25-65) and alkane (10-20);(D) diesel oil (25-65), alkane (10-20) and coal oil (5-15);(E) diesel oil (25-65), solvent oil (5-35) and coal oil (5-15); or(F) diesel oil (25-65), gasoline (10-25) and coal oil (5-15); and(G) rapeseed oil, waste oil, acidified oil, palm oil, vegetable oil and animal oil (balance).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The test apparatus further comprises greater than or equal to 2 hollow loops each has pig(s). A single impeller remotely impels the pig to circulate all loops of test apparatus. The pig is of shapes consisting of spheres, cylinders, eggs, spheres with surface features, cylinders with surface features and/or eggs with surface features. The surface features are indentations, bumps and/or passageways. The pig is circulated through the loop at greater than or equal to 3000 rpm. The loop is circular. Preferred Process: The method further comprises simultaneously circulating pigs in more than one loop.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The impeller is a magnet. The pig is metal or magnetized metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluid comprises water and hydrate-forming guest molecules that form hydrates at hydrate forming conditions. The hydrate-forming guest molecule comprises methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propane, propylene, methylacetylene, n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, isobutene, butene mixtures, isopentane, pentenes, natural gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, krypton and/or xenon. The fluid further comprises a hydrate inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cooling solution is glycol solution chosen from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and/or propane diol with water. The refrigerant is fluoroolefin, hydrofluorocarbon, hydrocarbon, dimethyl ether, trifluoromethyl iodide, carbon dioxide and/or ammonia. Fluoroolefin is fluoroolefin of formula: E- or Z-R1CH=CHR2, cyclic fluoroolefin of formula: cyclo-(CX=CY(CZW)n-) and/or fluoroolefin (A).R1,R2=1-6C perfluoroalkyl;X,Y,Z,W=H or fluoro;andn=2-5.120 Fluoroolefins (A), such as tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene, 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene and 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene are claimed. 38 hydrofluorocarbons, such as fluoromethane, difluoromethane, trifluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane are claimed. The hydrocarbons are chosen from propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, 2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, n-heptane and/or cycloheptane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic additive is selected from ethylene glycol, terpineol or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic additive is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Condition: The ratio of organic monomer substance in the water containing organic substances is not less than 70% based on the total organic carbon. The anaerobic treatment is conducted at 15-40 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Component: The membrane separating device has micro-filtration membrane or ultra-filtration membrane. The treatment device further comprises heat recycling device, and cleaning device for performing aeration cleaning with biogas generated in the anaerobic biological treatment tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic monomer substances comprise tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, isopropanol, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or acetic acid. The water with organic substance contains nitrogen compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The depolymerizing and cleavage agents contain heavy hydrocarbons. The main constituents of the catalyst are zirconium oxide and carrier aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The depolymerizing and cleavage agents contain potassium, barium, chromium, molybdenum and rare earth elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Coagulation reaction further comprises demulsifying treatment by adding an demulsifying agent (50-200 mg/L), where demulsifying time is 5-10 minutes. Air floatation is produced in CAF tank by forming microbubbles which are combined organically with the solid pollutant in the wastewater to rise to the liquid surface and scrapped by a scrapping system so that purified water is discharged. Preferred Condition: Water temperature of the anaerobic treatment unit is 33-35 degrees C. The organism density in water flowing in the anaerobic treatment unit is 6000-12000 mg/L COD, and water retaining time is 12-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The demulsifying agent is polymeric ferric salt or polymeric aluminum salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The reaction liquid is continuously reacted in another three reactors after flowing from first reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The method involves measuring 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride dehydrogenase activity. The method involves adding sludge mixed solution, tris-hydrochloric acid buffer solution, 0.36% of sodium sulfate solution and 0.4% of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution into centrifuge tube. The method involves adding formaldehyde to terminate reaction. The method involves removing supernatant solution, and adding trichloromethane. Preferred Composition: The oxygen dissolved in aeration pool is 2-4 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition for hydrogen production comprises first metal containing tin and gallium, second metal containing silver and gallium or third metal containing gallium, and metallic element(s) with lower normal electrode potential than gallium. The metallic element(s) with lower normal electrode potential than gallium may be aluminum and/or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The removal of impurities is performed by using sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The vacuum dehydration is performed at 60-90 degrees C. The esterification reaction is performed for 10-60 minutes. The separation is performed at room temperature for 4-6 hours. Preferred Components: The catalyst is added at 1.0-2.5 wt.%. The methanol is added at 10-25 wt.%. The tetrahydrofuran is added at 50-100 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The second hydrogen generator comprises metal hydride, chemical hydride or hydrocarbon hydrogen carrier. It further comprises a catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The first hydrogen generator comprises at least two dissimilar metals or their alloys including magnesium, aluminum, manganese, zinc, iron, aluminum, steel, stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, platinum, or their alloys, in contact with an electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The system comprises:(1) first valve unit placed between first reactor and second reactor, and used for controlling fluid connection between first reactor and second reactor;(2) gas inlet (120) in fluid connection to first reactor, and located at an end opposite the second reactor;(3) compressor unit in fluid connection with gas inlet;(4) gas source connected to gas inlet; and(5) devolatization unit connected to second reactor by a second valve unit (130) and having a transfer pump (134) and gas line (136), where gas line is in fluid connection to compressor and second valve unit is used for controlling fluid connection between second reactor and devolatization unit.The gas source is a carbon dioxide supply.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The mixture conveying step comprises skimming the oil from a surface of depressurized mixture, recycling the gas though a gas line, and removing solids by a transfer pump.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The active surplus sludge contains sporulation microorganism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The pressure of water vapor sprouted and collected in the blowing-in process is 9.8 N/cm2 or more. 20 kg or more of water vapor is spurted out with respect to 1 m3 of active surplus sludge. The mean temperature of the active surplus sludge is less than the sporulation temperature which forms spore in water vapor blowing process. The mean temperature of active surplus sludge is 30-85 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The moisture-content removal process (S140) is performed by the active surplus sludge after the blowing-in process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The diameter of aluminum sesquioxide carrier is 4-6 mm. Preferred Condition: The salt solution uses impregnating method of nitrate of copper, cobalt, manganese, iron, cerium and aqueous solution of mixed light rare earth nitrate having cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The source of alkali metal is an alkali metal salt, which is carbonate, hydroxide, acetate, halide or nitrate salts. The alkali metal comprises potassium (preferred) and/or sodium. The ash content comprises less than 20 wt.% of alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) has a particle size of 25-2500 mu . Preferred Components: The stream comprises a predominant amount of methane. Preferred Process: The gasification catalyst is loaded: only onto the coal; or onto both the coal and the petroleum coke. In the process of converting (I) into gaseous products, a char is formed in the step (b), and the char is removed from the gasifying reactor and sent to a catalyst recovery and recycle process. The gasification catalyst comprises gasification catalyst recycled from the catalyst recovery and recycle process. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised: ash (containing 41.41% of silica and 16.41% of alumina) (10.58 wt.%); carbon (72.86%); and sulfur (3.58%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises a dilution agent. (I) has a viscosity of 1-500 centipoise. Preferred Components: The cosolvent is ethanol. The dilution agent is ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is viscosity modifying agent, where the viscosity modifying thickening agent is a thixotropic polymer. ACTIVITY - Nematocide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid fuel composition comprises (v/v%): 3-6C hydrocarbon component (0 or 0.1-10), and 1-4C alcohol (60-90, preferably 70-88). Preferred Component: The 1-4C alcohol is ethanol. The liquid fuel composition additionally includes fuel additive(s). EXAMPLE - Fuel composition was prepared from (v/v%): bioethanol (85), gas-to-liquid naphtha (11), and butane (4). The test result showed research octane number and motor octane number of 107.3 and 89.6, respectively, compared with a comparative example (containing only gas-to-liquid naphtha at 100 v/v%) of less than 40, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reacting and dehydrating steps are carried out simultaneously without isolation of any of the intermediates formed in the method. The reacting step is carried out with azeotropic removal of water. The dehydration is carried out in presence or absence of a solvent (preferably in a polar aprotic solvent). The thalidomide is isolated by addition to the reaction mass of a crystallization solvent. Preferred Components: The non-polar organic solvent is an aromatic hydrocarbon or non-polar aprotic organic solvent (preferably toluene, xylene, n-heptane, diethyl benzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene, mesitylene, diphenyl ether or nitrobenzene; especially toluene). The phthaloylating agent is selected from phthalic acid, derivatives of phthalic acid and esters of phthalic acid. When the base is an alkyl amine, then the dehydrating agent is an acid anhydride or an acid halide (preferably acetic anhydride). The polar aprotic solvent is selected from N,N-dimethyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, dioxane, dimethyl acetamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide and hexamethyl phosphoramide. The crystallization solvent is selected from 1-4C alcohol, ketone and ester. ACTIVITY - Antiemetic; Cytostatic; Antileprotic; Antiarthritic; Antirheumatic; Anti-HIV; Gastrointestinal-Gen.; Antiinflammatory; Immunomodulator. NO biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - L-Glutamine (100 g) and phthalic anhydride (140 g) were suspended in toluene (1 l) in a flask provided with dean stark water separator. Triethyl amine (100 ml) was added to the flask. The contents of the flask were heated to 110 degrees C. After completion of reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 50-60 degrees C and then acetic anhydride (200 ml) was added. The resulting suspension was heated at 110 degrees C for three hours and cooled to 25-30 degrees C to obtain a solid. After work up, thalidomide (80 g) was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains (in mass%) nickel (1-50, preferably 1-35), magnesium (5-45, preferably 10-25) and alumina (20-80). Preferred Method: Drying and baking of mixture or drying, calcination, grinding, molding and baking of mixture are carried out to manufacture catalyst. Hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in tar containing gas emitted during thermal decomposition of carbonaceous raw material are contacted, and tar is modified and gasified. The tar containing gas contains 20 ppm or more of hydrogen sulfide. An oxygen-containing gas is added to hydrogen, carbon dioxide and/or water vapor, and then contacted with tar containing gas. The tar containing gas is contacted with catalyst at 600-1000 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises a crosslinked silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: (I) further comprises a first material capable of reacting with water to form hydrogen, a flame retardant and a water-sorbing material. Preferred Components: The fuel comprises at least 40 wt.% of methanol, and the polymer comprises a network of chemical bonds including metals. The first material comprises a hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer forms a network structure, and the fuel is in the network structure. The polymer comprises: a transition metal; a main group metal, which is silicon; a crosslinked silica; crosslinked siloxane; and a crosslinked silane. EXAMPLE - Tetramethoxysilane (21/2 g), 0.1 N sulfuric acid (0.43 g) in water and methanol (27 g) were mixed to form a solution. The solution was placed in a glass vial (100 ml), and the vial was stored in a 60 degrees C oven for 16 hours. The resulting solution was then mixed with 0.1 N potassium hydroxide solution (1.30 g) in water forming a solution. The solution in the vial was then converted into a rigid form after it was stored in a 45 degrees C oven for 24 hours to give a fuel composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The cell is derived from leaf or stalk. The method involves performing stirring culture after callus induction using a liquid medium. The culture process is carried out using culture medium containing plant hormone and saccharide (1-50 g/l). The plant hormone is auxin e.g. 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. The culture process after callus induction is carried out by irradiating 1000-5000 lux of visible light. Preferred Plant: The Jatropha genus plant is J.podagurica or J.curcas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extraction process is carried out using at least one compound chosen from halogenated hydrocarbon, aliphatic hydrocarbon, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, ether and ketone. Preferred Components: The Jatropha oil contains 60-80 weight/weight% of unsaturated fatty acid with respect to the total fatty acid content. The biodiesel fluid has cloud point of 5 degrees C or less. EXAMPLE - Leaf and stalk of Jatropha podagurica was sterilized, cut and cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium under darkness at 28 degrees C for 10 days. The callus was inoculated into MS medium and cultured under darkness at 28 degrees C and 100 rpm. The culture process was carried out similarly under light irradiation of 10 mu mol/m2/second. The cells were recovered after culture and freeze-dried. The dried cell were treated with chloroform-methanol (2:1 volume/volume%) solution for 30 minutes and the oil component was extracted. The solution was centrifuged and filtered. The solvent was removed and then the product was analyzed high performance liquid chromatography. The obtained chromatogram contained peaks corresponding to monoglyceride, diglycerides, phytosterols and triglycerides. The total amount of fatty acid ester of cell cultured in light irradiation condition was 2.5 times higher that the total amount of fatty acid ester of cell cultured under darkness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The 1st catalyst contains platinum and/or nickel. The 2nd catalyst contains at platinum, nickel and/or copper. The 1st porous carrier and a 2nd porous carrier consists of an alumina or silicon dioxide. The base material of the partition consists of metal plates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon consists of natural gas, alcohol or petroleum(preferably methane). The partition is a porous carrier which consists of alumina or silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Fertilizer: The fertilizer further comprises an inorganic nitrogen compound such as nitrate or ammonium. The content of nitrogen source is at least 30, preferably 70, more preferably 85, and most preferably 90 weight%, which is a L-amino acid and the other nitrogen source is an inorganic nitrogen comprising compound, such that the stimulation of the root and shoot growth is related to the ratio between the L-amino acid and the inorganic nitrogen comprising compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Amino Acid: The L-amino acid is chosen from L-arginine, L-asparagine, glycine, L-glutamic acid and L-glutamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer further contains a suitable preservative. The preservative is chosen from benzoate such as potassium benzoate, acetic acid, salicylic acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid, citric acid, and alexin plus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition is in liquid form or solid form, and the urease inhibitor compound is dissolved in a solvent system comprising Allium essential oil and optionally a co-solvent. The composition comprises: 0.01-50 parts by weight of a urease inhibitor compound; and 50-99.99 parts by weight of the solvent system made of Allium of essential oil. The composition comprises a solid support on which a liquid composition is absorbed. Preferred Components: The Allium essential oil is essential oils obtained from different plant species of the monocot family of Alliaceae, preferably Allium sativum (garlic), Allium ascalonicum, Allium moly, Allium neapolitanum, Allium roseum, Allium scorodoprasum, Allium sphaerocephalon, Allium tricoccum, Allium triquetrum, Allium tunceiianum, Allium ursinum, Allium victoralis and Allium vineale.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid support is: clay type supports such as sepiolite, zeolite or attapulgite; natural or synthetic silicates; amorphous silica, waxes, synthetic resins, preferably biodegradable resins (polyacrylamides); and natural organic absorbent materials such as peat or leonardite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-solvent is methyl esters and other derivatives of vegetable oils, siloxanes and their derivatives, pyrrolidones, alkyl pyrrolidones, mono-, di-, or tri- ethanolamine (preferred). The urease inhibitor compound is N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of the composition is 1-30 kg/ha, preferably 5-10 kg/ha (claimed).    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in g) of: essential garlic oil (380); N-(N-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (250); and triethanolamine (370).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The auxiliary agent comprises (wt.%) isobutyl alcohol (0.2-0.8), polymethylbenzene (0.1-0.4), 2-ethylhexanol (0.05-0.2), alkylbenzene (0.05-0.2), methylethane (0.1-0.5), trimethyl phosphate (0.05-0.2), succinimide (0.1-0.5), tert-butyl alcohol (0.1-0.6), propyl alcohol (0.2-0.7), dimethyl carbonate (0.1-0.2) and modified polyol (0.05-0.1). The modified polyol is mixture of n-decanol and n-octyl alcohol at mass ratio of 1:2 or 2:1. Preferred Components: The methanol is optionally substituted with ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The oxygen-free microbe nutrient fluid contains ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, hydrated calcium chloride, potassium chloride, copper sulfate pentahydrate, boric acid, potassium iodide, manganese chloride, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, cobaltous chloride hexahydrate, hydrated ferric chloride and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The oxygen-free microbe nutrient fluid contains sodium acetate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred features: The battery (2) for the electrolysis unit is fitted with a voltage control. The electrolysis unit has two anodes and two cathodes to increase production of gases. An auxiliary generator uses the gases to produce electricity for the electrolysis process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound belonging to the metal-oxime family comprises cobalt dimethyl glyoxime (Co(dmgBF2)2+) and cobalt diphenyl glyoxime (Co(dpgBF2)2+). Preferred Catalysts: The second catalyst comprises a compound containing a family of heteropolyacid with a base of platinum, palladium and iridium, a molecular compound of ruthenium, which is stable in aqueous medium, ruthenium oxide nanoparticles and a molecular compound of manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fuel cell substrate is made of stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and/or nickel base alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process further involves recovering the heat energy formed from the reaction of the synthesis gas stream, and using the heat energy to generate or heat steam. In the process, the reaction of the carbonaceous feedstock is carried out in a fluidized bed within the gasification reactor, at a pressure of 100-500 psig and a temperature of 45-75 degrees C; and sweetening of the raw product gas stream involves removing acid gas and sulfur from the raw product gas stream. The steam is provided to the gasification reactor for reaction with the carbonaceous feedstock. In the process, only a portion of the sweetened gas stream is separated into first and second reformer input gas streams and reformed, another portion of the sweetened gas stream us used as fuel to provide heat for the reforming steps, and another portion of the sweetened gas stream is processed to provide a methane gas product. Preferred Components: The first steam/methane ratio is 3:1-7:1, and the second steam/methane ratio is 7:1-12:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Arrangement: The combustion catalyst and modification catalyst are arranged in the tube to form a hollow connecting both ends of tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The water vapor modification catalyst contains ruthenium, rhodium and/or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The content of 18C or more of linear aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon in fuel oil, is 0.01 mass% or less. The content of 2 or more aromatic ring is 0.7 volume% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Mixture: The flex-fuel mixture comprises (%): gasoline (less than 33, preferably 10-30, especially 15-30), methanol (at least 50 or less than 75, preferably 50-80, especially 50-75), and bioethanol (less than 33, preferably 10-25) and has an octane rating of 90-98. Preferred Method: The step of mixing is conducted by first mixing the gasoline with the methanol to form a binary mixture and adding the bioethanol; or by first mixing the methanol with bioethanol to form a binary mixture and adding the gasoline. The methanol is made from carbon dioxide that is generated by an industrial plant to avoid emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere where it can contribute to further global warming. The methanol is made from carbon dioxide that is removed from the atmosphere to reduce the contribution of the carbon dioxide to global warming. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reformate comprises greater than 45% of hydrogen, and less than 3% of carbon monoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid fuels include methanol, ethanol and propanol. The gaseous fuels consist of natural gas or propane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In process (P1), the char is a solid residue derived from gasification of a carbonaceous material in the presence of an alkali metal. The aqueous medium to fracture the char comprises the first wash stream. The alkali metal comprises sodium and/or potassium (preferably potassium). The source of alkali metal is potassium carbonate. In (P1), contacting the quenched char slurry with an alkali metal hydroxide is performed at 100-300 degrees C, a steam pressure of 25-1000 psig, and time of 1-180 minutes. In process (P2), the stream comprises a predominant amount of methane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The carbonaceous feedstock and the gasification catalyst are supplied as a particulate composition having a particle size distribution suitable for gasification in a fluidized bed zone. The ratio of potassium carbonate to potassium hydroxide is 1:1 to 50:1, based on the relative number of moles of potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonaceous feedstock comprises a petroleum coke, and a coal. The particulate composition comprises an intimate mixture of the carbonaceous feedstock and the gasification catalyst which, in the presence of steam and under suitable temperature and pressure, exhibits gasification activity where gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. The particulate composition has a moisture content of less than 6 wt.% based on the weight of the particulate composition. The particulate composition contains 5-25 wt.% gasification catalyst. The gas stream comprises a predominant amount of methane. Preferred Property: The particle size distribution is 25-2500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The organic titanate catalyst is an alkyl titanate catalyst. The alkyl titanate catalyst is Tyzor TPT (RTM: tetraisopropyl titanate catalyst), Tyzor TE (RTM: triethanolamine chelate) or VEXP0504 (RTM: titanium chelate), preferably Tyzor TPT (RTM: tetraisopropyl titanate catalyst) (100 ppmw or less).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: The monesterified membrane is preferably formed by placing monoesterified polyimide polymer and organic titanate catalyst in a solution. Alternately, the monesterified membrane is formed by spinning monoesterified polyimide polymer into a hollow fiber membrane and imbiding the organic titanate catalyst into the hollow fiber membrane. Preferred Condition: The monoesterified membrane is heated at 50-200 degrees C, preferably 150 degrees C or less and more preferably 75-150 degrees C for 24 hours or less, preferably 12 hours or less and more preferably 6 hours or less to form crosslinked membrane. Preferred Membrane: The crosslinked polyimide membrane comprises polyimide membrane having crosslinked chains of polyimides which contain organic titanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The temperature of water leaving the air cooled heat exchanger and temperature of water entering the cooling tower are measured. When the temperature of water leaving the air cooled heat exchanger meets predetermined criteria, then the water is selectively bypassed to the cooling tower. The temperature of water at some point after leaving condensation process and before entering air cooled heat exchanger are measured. When the temperature of water leaving condensation process meets predetermined criteria, the selective activating or deactivating fans (210) are used to increase air flow over air cooled heat exchanger.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The platinum precursor, cerium precursor and composite oxide carrier are added to a mixed solution of an acid (5-20 weight parts) and ethylene glycol (10-60 weight parts). The mixture is dried at 80-120 degrees C and sintered at 300-700 degrees C, preferably 400-700 degrees C. Preferred Oxide: The oxide carrier is yttrium oxide-zirconium oxide, cerium oxide-zirconium oxide, or cerium oxide-yttrium oxide-zirconium oxide, preferably cerium oxide-yttrium oxide-zirconium oxide. Preferred Properties: The content of zirconium oxide is 50-95 weight parts, preferably 70-95 weight parts, and cerium oxide is 5-30 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of oxide carrier. The amount of the cerium is 1-20 mole with respect to 1 mole of the platinum, the amount of the platinum is 0.5-5 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of the catalyst. The platinum has average particle diameter of 1-10 nm, degree of dispersion of 70-99%. The amount of the zirconium oxide in the precursor of the zirconium oxide is 50-95 weight parts based on 100 weight parts of the total weight of the oxide in the precursor of the oxide carrier. The amount of the precursor of the oxide carrier is 1 weight parts. EXAMPLE - Tetra-ammine platinum(II) nitrate (in g) (0.22) and cerium nitrate hexahydrate (2.42) were added to water (50 ml), and stirred with yttrium zirconate (10) at 60 degrees C for 6 hours. The mixture was dried at 110 degrees C for 12 hours and sintered at 500 degrees C for 1 hour under air atmosphere to form platinum-cerium/yttrium zirconate having excellent catalytic activity and stability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid electrolyte is made of a material selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide based material and cerium oxide based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode includes a nickel cermet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The water separated by macromolecular film and steam evaporated by an evaporator have biological oxygen demand (BOD) and COD of less than 80 and 200, respectively. The water and steam are recyclable.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ether alcohol diesel oil comprises (pts.wt.) finished product diesel oil (24), isobutanol (3), refined acidifying oil (35), methanol (13), solvent oil No. 200 (20), petroleum acid (0.8), dimethyl tert-butyl ether (0.07), and catalytic incendiary agent (1.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The compressor is a thermo-compressor, preferably a steam ejector, steam eductor or steam-driven jet pump. The thermo-compressor comprises an accumulator or a steam boiler for releasing greater than or equal to 3 tonnes of steam at 15 bar gauge in 10-15 minutes. The classification section comprises a screen and an air classification device (12). The air classification device capable of treating fiber containing product, contaminated with glass and grit particles comprises a tilted vibrating screen and an air supply capable of creating an air flow from the bottom of the screen. The apparatus further comprises a scrubber and a rotary vacuum pump to achieve a vacuum of greater than or equal to 0.8 bar (absolute). The pump is a liquid ring vacuum pump having a capacity of 1-30 m3/minute. A water tank contains process water that can be used in the scrubber. At least two autoclaves (6, 6') comprise internal conduits for transporting a thermal fluid and/or a jacket with openings for transporting thermal fluid. Connection between the autoclaves transports steam from one autoclave to another. A heating system comprises a primary circuit with a heater for heating the thermal fluid and secondary circuits (one circuit for each vessel) for heating the vessels independently. The secondary circuits comprise a cooling component. The part of the waste treatment plant which receives the waste is kept under sub-atmospheric pressure and the air of that part of the building is vented through a bio-filter. The remainder of the apparatus is provided with local extraction ventilation (LEV) hoods to preclude contamination of the environment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves isolating and preserving the bacteria for wastewater treatment containing Bacillus bacteria with high decomposition ability which had adapted to organic wastewater based on the diagnosis from the processing tank, and re-culturing the preserved bacteria for wastewater treatment with high decomposition ability, at the time of the fall of the waste water treatment capability in the processing tank, and then adding to the processing tank. The method further involves acclimatizing the 2nd bacteria for wastewater treatment containing Bacillus bacteria isolated from the inside of the processing tank using a laboratory acclimatization tank using the organic wastewater, isolating the bacteria for wastewater treatment containing Bacillus bacteria with high decomposition ability which had adapted to the organic wastewater from the laboratory acclimatization tank, and culturing the isolated bacteria for wastewater treatment by a laboratory culture tank, and then adding the cultured bacteria for wastewater treatment with high decomposition ability to the processing tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Carrier: The porous carrier is also arranged on the surface of the metal sheet. The porous carrier comprises catalyst which ionizes and oxygen molecule or makes oxygen molecule the shape of an atom, particles of cerium oxide-zirconium oxide, and mutually joined carrier particles (16). Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is support by the carrier particles. The catalyst comprises particle of rhodium. Preferred Properties: The cross-sectional area of the hole which touches the sheet surface of the metal sheet towards the other surface from one surface of the metal sheet is gradually small. The hole area ratio of the metal sheet is 40% or more. The average hole diameter of the hole is 60 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The surplus sludge is aggregated by introducing a polymer flocculent, dehydrated and crushed. The crushed surplus sludge is added into the settling tank to form a suspension liquid. The flocculant is added into to the suspension liquid. An emulsifier is further added to the liquid fuel and the liquid fuel is emulsified.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The crude ester generated by separating glycerin is drained using wash water. Preferred Apparatus: The biodiesel generator has shut-off valve which is provided in the bottom of the pipe for removal of waste water. The bottom portion of the container which performs several generation processes is in the form of taper shape. The inner surface of the container which performs several generation processes has perspective component and is made of transparent glass such that visual confirmation of the advancing condition of the process can be carried out from outside.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The transesterification of waste edible oil is performed by alkali catalyst method by injecting 20% of methanol (6) with respect to waste edible oil. The content of waste edible oil obtained from the acceptance container is measured by calculation method. Then, alkali catalyst is injected with respect to the waste edible oil, stirring methanol and catalyst and mixed with oil. Then, neutralizing agent which is hydrochloric acid is injected into the cleaning process of crude ester as additive and is washed in alkali neutralization state. Then, the ester is washed with coagulants such as magnesium sulfate and organic substances are aggregated. The organic material is mixed with wash water. The discharged wash water is than subjected to detoxification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The system includes a smoke purification and treatment device. The purification and treatment device comprises tail-gas purification device, de-dusting device, and chimney.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The method includes introducing part(s) of the pyrolytic oil from the sludge oil-producing device into the garbage burning furnace, introducing part(s) of the vapor from the residual heat boiler into the sludge drying device, introducing the drying waste gas from the drying device and mixture of the smoked after exchanging heat by the residual heat boiler into the smoke purification and treatment device, drying waste gas and mixture of the smoke pass through the tail-gas purification device and dedusting device in series, and discharging the product from the chimney. Preferred Components: The water content of the drying sludge of the sludge drying device is 10%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cracking active constituent is silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, zeolite molecular sieve with faujasite structure, zeolite molecular sieve with beta -zeolite structure, and/or zeolite molecular sieve with mordenite structure. The faujasite is HY zeolite, rare earth (RE) type Y zeolite REY, rare earth type HY zeolite REHY, ultrastable Y (USY)-type zeolite, rare earth type USY-type zeolite REUSY and/or dealuminized Y-type zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic material including oxygen or nitrogen. The mole ratio of organic material and group VIII metal constituent is 0.01-10, preferably 0.05-8. The organic material is organic alcohols and organic acids. The organic material including nitrogen is organic amine. The bio-oil is vegetable oil and/or animal oil. Preferred Method: The hydroprocessing reaction is carried out at 200-650 (preferably 300-510) degrees C, 3-24 (preferably 4-15) MPa, liquid hourly space velocity of 0.1-10/h, preferably (0.2-5/h), and vol. ratio of hydrogen to oil of 100-5000 (preferably 200-1000).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The plant is Smyrnium olusatrum or Hedera helix. Preferred Method: The first step comprises heating a portion of the seed in the extraction solvent. The second step comprises inducing crystallization of the solid component. It also comprises cooling the material extracted in the first step in a cooling solvent. The method further comprises a hydrolyzing step and an esterification step.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The extraction solvent is acetone, dichloromethane, tertiarybutyl methyl ether, hexane or 40-60 petrol. The cooling solvent is hexane, 40-60 petrol or acetone. The solid component obtained comprises greater than or equal to 90 wt.% tripetroselinin. It may also comprise greater than or equal to 90 wt.% ester of petroselinic acid and monoalcohol having 1-4C. EXAMPLE - Free fatty acid (5 g) of the hydrolysis product was dissolved in petrol (75 ml). The brown precipitate which formed immediately was removed by filtration and the filtrate cooled to - 10 degrees C. White crystals were observed after 24 hours. These were collected by filtration and washed with petrol (1 mlx 5). The decanted and wash solutions were concentrated and cooled to - 10 degrees C to recover further crystals which were analyzed by 13C-NMR, and found to be petroselinic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The tablet comprises: a second compressed module containing metformin and/or the compressed chewing gum particles; and a taste masking agent, an absorption enhancer and a mucoadhesive agent. Preferred Components: The first compressed module (11) comprises compressed tablet material, at least part of the tablet material not being contained in the compressed chewing gum particles. The metformin is contained: outside the compressed chewing gum particles of the second compressed module; and in the second compressed module, where substantially all gum base is contained in the second compressed module. The second compressed module (12) comprises compressed tablet material, where substantially all tablet material is contained in the second compressed module. The taste masking agent, absorption enhancer and/or mucoadhesive agent are contained in the same part of the tablet as metformin. ACTIVITY - Anorectic; Antidiabetic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Chewing gum mixture (I) (comprised of gum base (4000%), sweetener-xylitol (5230%), high intensity sweetener acesulfame (encapsulate) (240%), high intensity sweetener acesulfame (20%), flavor (500%) and color (10%)) was passed to a standard tablet pressing machine comprising dosing apparatus and compressed to give a first compressed module. Then mixture (II) (comprised of metformin hydrochloric acid dilute concentration 95% (5263%), sorbitol (3899%), sodium saccharin (100%), sodium laurylsulfate (24%), sodium glycocholate (24%) and flavor (690%)) was filled into the tablet pressing machine and compressed onto the first module to give a chewing gum tablet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxides comprise silica, alumina, and/or aluminosilicate (preferably the first metal oxide comprises aluminosilicate and the second metal oxide comprises silica). The two different metal oxides comprise a first metal oxide in the form of a layer that is between a first layer of a second metal oxide and a third layer of the second metal oxide. The first layer comprises first silica and the third layer comprises second silica having the same composition, shape or physical form of the first silica. The first layer comprises first silica having a composition, shape, or physical form that is different from second silica in the third layer. The adsorbent is in the form of a fixed bed. The adsorbent comprises particles, extrudates, membranes, composites, layers, and/or beds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process involves contacting the fluid comprising biofuel with a first adsorbent; contacting the fluid with a second adsorbent; and regenerating at least one of the first and the second adsorbents or regenerating the adsorbent with a polar solvent utilized in the manufacture of the biofuel. Preferred Components: The biofuel comprises esters, and/or alcohols. The polar solvent comprises alcohol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is used for biodiesel fuel composition for stabilizing biodiesel fuel. The content of stabilizer in biodiesel fuel containing 1-10 mass% of fatty-acid methyl ester, is 10-500 mass ppm. Preferred Definitions:    R=13-15C linear alkyl, where RCOO is oleic acid.    EXAMPLE - Glycerin monooleate (in mass ppm) (200), 1,2-octadecane diol (200), 1,2-hexadecanediol (200) and glycerin monostearin acid ester (200) were mixed to obtain biodiesel fuel. The obtained biodiesel fuel was transparent and had excellent stability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further selects phenol, thiocyanogen and thiosulfuric acid from COD components in ammoniacal liquor, and adds organic matter which can be biodegraded and/or sulfur compound to anaerobic tank as COD component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer of the membrane material further comprises thermoplastic resin. Preferred Layer: The membrane material further has intermediate layer containing flame retardant (5-35 weight% with respect to the weight of the intermediate layer) between the base fabric layer and gas barrier layer. Preferred Property: The gas permeability of the methane gas in the gas holder is 0-100 cc/m2.24 hours.atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the dehydrating step, the reaction temperature is 90 degrees C. In the esterification step, the pressure is 0.05 MPa and the reaction is continued until acid value of the generated product is 3-2. In distilling step, the esterified vegetable oil with boiling point of 190-210 degrees C is collected. Preferred Component: The vegetable oil is physic nut seed oil, palm tree seed oil, castor bean oil, linseed oil, tea plant seed oil, canola plant seed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, wheat germ oil, and/or tung tree seed oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The single catalyst is roasted product of dodeca-tungstophosphoric acid (H3PO4.12WO3.xH2O). The composite catalyst comprises acidic composite catalyst and alkaline composite catalyst. The acidic composite catalyst is a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and roasted product of H3PO4.12WO3.xH2O (mixing mass ratio is 1:0.5-1:10), which is roasted for 0.5-6 hours in a muffle at 200-600 degrees C. The alkaline composite catalyst is a mixture of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (NaCO3), potassium carbonate (KCO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), or KHCO3; and magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, or barium oxide (mixing mass ratio is 1:0.5-1:10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The catalytic reaction is conducted at 55-70 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours, where catalyst is at 0.5-8 wt.% of the oil, and mol ratio of oil to alcohol is 1:3-1:20. Preferred Method: Separation and purification comprises using roasting product of H3PO4.12WO3.xH2O at 200-600 degrees C as catalyst; directly filtering the system after the reaction to separate the catalyst; vacuum distilling to recycle methanol; and cooling and standing to obtain E. lathyris biodiesel. It comprises using composite catalyst; cooling and standing after finishing the reaction; vacuum distilling the upper layer to recycle methanol; washing until neutral; and vacuum distilling the dried E. lathyris biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The conversion of biomass to biofuel gas is realized by using anaerobic active sludge, where an anaerobic reactor is added with a small quantity of anaerobic active sludge for primary reaction. The solution after reaction returns to a photoreactor to be continuously used as culture medium of algae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding water, treated waste mash and sweet potato powder into auxiliary material culture medium, heating and gelatinizing the mixture until the concentration of the gelatinized solution is 2-15%, where the auxiliary material culture medium comprises (in weight parts) corn starch (1-90), protein (1-80), fat (0.5-20.0), lysine (0.03-0.3), vitamin B1 (0.001-0.1) and vitamin B2 (0.001-0.1), sterilizing and cooling the gelatinized solution, inoculating fusiform bacteria to the cooled solution and then fermenting at 20-45 degrees C for 24-120 hours, and separating the fermentation liquid through mash tower to obtain butanol, where the protein is removed from the waste mash liquid and is reused in the culture medium for fermentation. Preferred Components: The auxiliary material culture medium comprises trace element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The knot rejects contain botanical knots with lignocellulosic fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrolyzed products are glucose hydrolyzate and contain glucose as final product and botanical knot residues of enhanced aesthetic appearance as by-product. Preferred Process: The hydrolysis reaction is enzymatic hydrolysis or acid hydrolysis. The knot residues recovered during hydrolysis process is extracted to obtain antioxidants and nutraceutical. The obtained glucose is subjected to fermentation process, to obtain chemicals or biofuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The blocked polyisocyanate is sulfone blocked hexamethylene diisocyanate. The biologically active compound is 2-furyl-alkylketone, 2-furyl-pentylketone, 2-furyl-heptylketone, 2-furyl-octylketone, or 2-furyl-nonylketone. The coating further comprises an antioxidant and a UV inhibitor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The chitosan and the blocked polyisocyanate are further crosslinked with a polyethylene glycol. The microtubules are coated with a polyethylene glycol polyurethane. The coating further comprises polydimethylsiloxane. ACTIVITY - Antifouling.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - A coating is formed by utilization of an acidic solution of chitosan (1-20% wt./vol.) in water with a surfactant (0.001-0.025% wt./vol.) in water. Pigments, anti-settling agents, added surfactants, crosslinking catalysts, and entrapped active agent are added to the mixture. The coating is crosslinked utilizing a blocked isocyanate that may cure at ambient temperatures or at slightly elevated temperatures and at pH 8-11.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygenate is mixture of hydrogen peroxide, magnesium dioxide, calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate and calcium nitrate. The carrier is selected from zeolite, kieselguhr, molecular sieve or red soil.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst includes a transition metal compound selected from a group consisting of manganese monoxide, manganese dioxide, trimanganese tetroxide, potassium permanganate, ferric oxide, vanadous oxide, vanadic oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst includes a transition metal selected from a group consisting of manganese, iron, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc, and an ore selected from a group consisting of pyrolusite, psilomelane, manganite, black manganese, pesillite, siderite, iron pyrites, magnetite, chromite, vanadium titanium magnetite, copper pyrites, zinc blende, ocean manganese nodule, lead zinc silver ore, ferrimolybdite, molybdenite and smaltite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Oil: In the sunflower seed oil, the alpha-tocopherol is less than 15% of total tocopherols in the oil. The stearic acid and palmitic acid content is above 15-35% of total fatty acids present in oil. The gamma-tocopherol content is higher than 85-95% of total tocopherols in the oil while the delta-tocopherol content is higher than 25-75% of total tocopherols in the oil. The palmitoleic acid content is more than 5-10% of total fatty acids present in oil. The linoleic acid content is less than 10% of total fatty acids present in the oil, preferably less than 5% of total fatty acids present in oil. The total tocopherol content is higher than 500 mg per kg, preferably greater than 1250 mg per kg of oil. The rate of oxidative stability measured by Rancimat model 743 apparatus (Metrohm AG, Herisau, Switzerland) after an induction period of 10 hours at a 110 degrees C, unrefined oil is more than 35 hours, preferably more than 50 hours and preferably more than 120 hours. The oil is derived from the extraction of sunflower seeds from the seed IAS-1265, deposited on March 20, 2007 at the National Collection of Industrial, Marine and Food Bacteria (NCIMB) Ltd., Aberdeen, Scotland, with access number NCIMB-41477. Preferred Seed: The plants that give rise after germination in seeds contain, as auto-fertilizer, an oil having the characteristics of fatty acids and tocopherols as above, regardless of growing conditions of plants. The sunflower line is IAS-1265, deposited dated March 20, 2007 in the seed bank NCIMB Ltd., Aberdeen, Scotland, with accession number NCIMB 41477. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the Jatropha interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 comprises crossing Jatropha gossypifolia as female parent with Jatropha curcas as pollen parent. Preferred Method: In producing interspecific hybrid of Jatropha plant, the female parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing cymase inflorescence, a highly fertile ovule and a small number of abortive flowers. The male parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing a greater number of inflorescences per plant. The interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 of Jatropha plant is then crossed with a Jatropha curcas or its part to produce a population of Nandan-4 progeny comprising 20 to 70% of alleles from the Nandan-4 parent. Preferably, the Nandan-4 product or its part comprises SEQ ID NO. 4 (M13 Primer). Sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The Nandan-4 product comprises a sterile male form. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No example given.
EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism preparation comprises Bacillus natto, Lactobacillus and microzyme attached on the carrier. The aquatic plants comprise emerging plant and submerged plant including waterseed, Hydrilla verticillata or Vallisneria spiralis. The aquatic animals comprise gastropods, lamellibranch, benthic crustacean or filter feed fish.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The biological package comprises running-water biological package and underwater biological package. The running-water biological package is placed on water surface, and is microorganism carrier formed by semi-floating material absorbing microorganism preparation and combining with emerging plant. The underwater biological package is placed beneath the water. The underwater biological package comprises substrate sludge, submerged plant, benthic organism, swimming animal and porous materials coated with microorganism preparation. Preferred Method: The semi-floating material is placed on the water surface. The floating and emerging plants are placed above the semi-floating material and exposed out of the water. The microorganism carrier is absorbed under the semi-floating material and immersed in water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of purifying the fatty acid alcohol ester comprises washing the fatty acid alcohol ester with water. The step of separating the fatty acid alcohol ester from the glycerin comprises centrifuging the mixture for a period of time sufficient to separate the fatty acid alcohol ester and the glycerin. Step (c) is carried out at 40-130 degrees F, preferably 65-85 degrees F. Step (c) is carried out at ambient temperature and ambient pressure. Step (c) proceeds to completion within 15-20 minutes. The mixture is maintained at room temperature for 10-20 minutes without agitation prior to the separation step. Preferred Components: The source of triglycerides is soybean oil, virgin soybean oil (preferred), peanut oil, coconut oil, palm oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, algae oil, Jatropha oil, animal fat tallow and/or waste vegetable oil. The base catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide (preferred), sodium methylate and/or potassium methylate. The lower alcohol comprises methanol and ethanol. The ketone is methyl ethyl ketone and/or methyl isobutyl ketone. EXAMPLE - Soybean oil (45 gallons) were reacted with a blended alcohol composition (comprising lower alcohol, ketone and ethyl acetate) (13.5 gallons) with potassium hydroxide (74 ounces) dissolved in it. The mixture was reacted in a tank by mixing all of the ingredients by pump agitation and mixing blade. The mixture was then mixed vigorously for 1-2 minutes and allowed to set for 20 minutes without agitation. After setting for the desired time period, the mixture was run through a centrifuge. Once the centrifuge has separated the biodiesel from the byproduct, the biodiesel was purified by water washing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The fuel cell further has fuel supply portion which is positioned at the fuel electrode side and supplies fuel to the fuel electrode and glass-liquid separation silane which allows vaporization component of fuel to pass through the fuel electrode side of the catalyst layer for fuel (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel (II) is solution of material containing peroxide having carbon atom, hydrogen atom and/or metal atom or solution of material chosen from percarboxylic acid and peroxo having carbon and/or hydrogen atoms. The catalyst in the catalyst layer for fuel (II) is alloy of noble metal or noble metal which is supported by support containing carbon-support type or inorganic metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The peroxide is of formula: R-O-O-R or inorganic metal peroxide. The fuel (I) is an aqueous solution or non-aqueous solution of material chosen from alcohol, carboxylic acid and aldehyde containing hydrocarbon or aqueous or non-aqueous solution of material chosen from methanol, ethanol, formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.R=H or hydrocarbon.Preferred Composition: The content of hydrogen atom in the peroxide is 0.1-20 mol%. The content of hydrocarbon in the peroxide is 0.1-33.3 mol%. The content of peroxide in the fuel is 0.1-50 mol%. The content of percarboxylic acid and peroxo in the fuel (II) is 0.1-50 mol%. The content of fuel (I) in the fuel cell is 0.1-24.5 M.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon monoxide concentration in PSA off gas is 2-10 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus contains gas analysis unit, drier and fine particle or pellet form feed production apparatus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves blending the crushed or ground material of biomass feedstock with slaked lime or calcined lime (0.01-5 mass%), maintaining pH under neutral condition, steaming the mixture at 60-180 degrees C and 0.06-0.15 MPa. The feedstock is rapidly cooled using dry ice or carbon dioxide. The raw material is subsequently processed into an aggregated form or pellet form after the cooling process. The method is performed while removing fermentation heat. The method is performed by managing reaction condition such as monitoring of alcohol and oxygen concentration that are mixed in the carbon dioxide produced by fermentation using gas chromatography analysis or visible, near infrared or infrared adsorption spectrum analysis. The method involves mixing hydrogen with carbon dioxide produced by the alcoholic fermentation process, and performing methanation using a metal catalyst or methane bacterium. EXAMPLE - Wheat flour was added to unripe kaoliang, and water content was adjusted to 50-66%. The mixture was disinfected for 15 minutes at 105 degrees C and 0.01 MPa of water vapor, and then cooled to 30 degrees C using dry ice. Then, Rhizopus was added, and mixture was pelletized. Container (2 l) having diameter of 6 mm and length 20 mm was substituted with carbon dioxide air and the pellet was added. The container was sealed and fermentation was carried out for 30 days. Then, equivalent quantity of water was added to the mash, and atmospheric distillation was carried out at 110 degrees C and 30% of alcohol concentration was obtained. Low voltage distillation was performed at 60 degrees C, and product with 75% alcohol concentration was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The humate is potassium humate or ammonium humate. The compost activator comprises (pts.wt.) alkyl polyglycosides (0.05-0.25, preferably 0.05-15); humic acid or humate (0.1-1, preferably 0.2-0.5); waste liquid (0.5-2, preferably 1-2) from sugar manufacturing; and water (96.3-99.3, preferably 97.3-98.3). The weight ratio of the compost activator to the compost is 2-5:100. Preferred Method: The compost activator is sprayed on the materials during mixing of the materials, or 50% of the compost activator is sprayed on the materials during mixing of the materials. The rest of the materials are sprayed in 1-3 batches before the high temperature stage ends.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The biomass comprises agricultural and forest waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel gas high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis reformer includes ceramic filtration material and nickel-based catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The temperature of continuous pyrolysis furnace is controlled at 700-750 degrees C. The temperature of fuel gas high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis reformer is controlled at 850-900 degrees C.
Preferred Definitions:    Q = 1,2-pyrazole-4-yl;    R2 = CH3;    R2 = 1-CH3;    R4, R5 = H; and    (R3)n = H, F, Cl or CH3O.    ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 1561 compounds (I) is disclosed e.g. benzaldehyde O-(3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyl)-oxime of formula (Ia), benzaldehyde O-(3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl)-oxime, benzaldehyde O-(3-(3-difluoromethyl-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl)-oxime, benzaldehyde O-(3-(3-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl)-oxime and benzaldehyde O-(3-(3-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-phenyl)-prop-2-ynyl)-oxime.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The moisture content in the gas is adsorbed using sodium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The marker gas is hydrogen peroxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrous oxide, ethane, formaldehyde, ethoxy, methoxy, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and/or carbonyl sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The internal circulated-type fluidized bed-type low-temperature catalytic gasification furnace apparatus further has gasifying agent supply port which supplies gasifying agent to the fluid bed of the gasification chamber bottom portion and oxidizing agent supply portion which supplies an oxidizing agent to the fluid bed of combustion chamber bottom portion. Preferred Component: At least one partition for a lower end portion to adjust the circulation movement of thermal medium embedded in the fluid bed such that the thermal medium is circulateable through the lower side. The partition for adjusting the circulation movement of thermal medium which positioned from the bottom portion of the fluid bed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst in the heavy gas decomposition apparatus is group VIII metal type catalyst such as nickel type catalyst containing nickel supported wood coal and nickel supported alumina of iron-type catalyst containing limonite. Preferred Process: The livestock excretion is supplied to the furnace apparatus and decomposed at 500-700 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH of the raw glycerin is adjusted to 8-9.5 by adding hydroxide, preferably lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide.The addition of metal salts takes place at 20-90 degrees C, preferably 25-60 degrees C.The addition of metal salts is controlled by altering one or more properties of the raw glycerin, preferably pH, conductivity and/or turbidity.Preferred Components: The metal salts comprise: one or more cations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, aluminum, chromium, zirconium and/or boron; and one or more anions of halides, hydroxide, sulfate, aluminate, ferrate, polysulfate, phosphate, polyphosphate, nitrate, and/or nitrite. The metal salts are acidic, neutral or basic metal salts of metal compound of formula (Mn(OH)mX(a.n-b.m)) (I) or (M(X)n) (II) or its hydrates. In formula (I)M = trivalent atom, preferably Al, Fe (preferably Fe(III)) (both preferred) or Cr;n = 1-20;X = anion of nitrate (preferred), chloride, and/or sulfate; anda, b = 3 or 1 (when X is monovalent anions) or 3/2 or 1/2 (when X is sulfate).Where a.n is greater than b.m, and a.n-b.m should yield whole number (m is undefined).In formula (II)M = bivalent atom, preferably Fe(II);X = anion of halide, nitrate and/or sulfate; andn = 1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, before, during and after the addition of metal salts, the properties of the raw glycerin, preferably pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity and/or temperature are continuously measured. In the process, both steps are carried out continuously and also controlled by an automatic control procedure. The treated raw glycerin is recycled by further purification steps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The hydrolytically active fermentation microorganisms are Anaerophaga, Lachnospira, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Leptothrix, Burkholderia, Ralstonia, Bradyrhizobium, Arcobacter, Fibrobacter, Streptococcus, Planomicrobium, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, Deinococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Vagococcus, Proteus, Clostridium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Cytophaga and Sporocytophaga. The acidogenic fermentation microorganisms are Flavobacterium, Delftia, Selenomonas, Butyrivibrio, Aminomonas, Paenibacillus, Anaeorophaga, Halothermothrix, Bacillus, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Acetanaerobacterium, Sedimentibacter, Corynebacterium, Bifidobacterium, Microbacterium and Cryptobacterium. The acetogenic fermentation microorganisms are Acetobacterium, Syntrophobacter, Syntrophococcus, Pelobacter, Acetivibrio, Sporobacter, Lactobacillus, Desulfomonas, Methylobacterium, Caulobacter, Acetanaerobacterium, Syntrophobotulus, Desulfonosporus, Desulfotomaculum, Gelria, Thermoterrabacterium, Syntrophomonas, Syntrophothermus, Moorella, Aminomonas and Anaerobaculum. The methanogenic fermentation microorganisms are Methanocorpusculum, Methanoculleus, Methanogenium, Methanomethylovorans, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanococcus, Methanomicrobium, Methanosaeta, Methanospirillum, Methanothermobacter and Methanothermococcus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The reducing agent is alkali sulfide, alkali sulfite, alkali nitrite and organic reducing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reductone is ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, triose reductone reducting acid, derivatives of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, triose reductone and reducting acid and/or its mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Properties: The liquid flow rate in the reactor is 2.15 cm/minute. The feed rate of the lower alcohol to the catalytic reaction pipe is 0.5-1 mol equivalence with respect to raw-material-oil fat. The catalytic reaction pipe in the reactor has 2-10 stages.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The raw-material-oil fat is vegetable oil and fat, animal fat and oil, fish oil and/or fats and oils produced by microorganism or waste oil. The lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or n-butanol. Preferred Process: The mixing of raw-material-oil fat and lower alcohol, generation of fatty acid ester and glycerin, introduction of effluent from the catalytic reaction pipe to glycerin separation tank, addition of lower alcohol to supernatant liquid and introduction of effluent from the catalytic reaction pipe of last stage into glycerin separation tank are repeated using supernatant liquid as raw-material-oil fat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The chelating agent is reabsorbable from a bacterial cell. At least one chelating agent is biologically degradable.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: At least two chelating agents have different complex forming constants (K) with metal ions. The chelating agent is present in at least equimolar quantity like the trace elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A monosubstrate is fermented as raw material. Preferred Components: The chelating agent is not ethylenediaminetriacetic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid. The chelating agent is acetoacetate, single amino acid, pyruvic acid, catechol, citric acid, salts of the citric acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, modified cyclodextran, oxalic acid, phosphorous acid, salts of the phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, salts of the phosphoric acid, polyphosphate, siderophore, tartaric acid, zeolite (all preferred), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid. At least a further chelating agent is diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, EDTA, hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid. The monosubstrate is corn. EXAMPLE - Typical trace element solution composition of the methanogenium medium (DSMZ, Medium 141) for a Methanogenic Archaea, comprised (in g/l) of: nitrilotriacetic acid (1.5); magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (3); manganous sulfate (0.5); sodium chloride (1); ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.1); cobalt sulfate heptahydrate (0.18); calcium chloride dihydrate (0.1); zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.18); copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.01); potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (0.02); boric acid (0.01); sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.01); nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.025); and sodium selenite pentahydrate (0.0003).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Lewis base comprises sodium hydroxide. The ion source comprises a proton or a hydroxide; and is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, mono-protic acid, diprotic acid, or triprotic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bio-substance comes from an animal, or at least one of a plant, fungus or protest; and comprises at lest one of an animal fat, animal oil, animal tissue, or plant oil. The plant oil is canola oil. The animal fat comprises beef tallow. The catalyst comprises a Lewis base or Lewis acid. The catalyst comprises a transesterification catalyst. The weight ratio of transesterification catalyst to the bio-substance is 0.2-0.8%. The alcohol is methanol. The molar ratio of the alcohol to the bio-substance is greater than or equal to 5:1 (preferably 5:1 to 10:1). The radio frequency wave comprises a radio frequency heating wave. The bio-fuel is bio-diesel having a viscosity of lower than 5.3 mm2/s. The bio-fuel comprises an alkyl ester. Preferred Method: The radio frequency wave is applied for at least 1 minute. The bio-substance is heated before exposing to the radio frequency wave. In the method (m1), the radio frequency wave comprises radio frequency heating. The method (m1) further involves heating before applying the radio frequency wave. The heating method comprises radio frequency heating. The polarized force comprises a force generated by radio frequency energy. The catalytic transesterification involves an alcohol and a transesterification catalyst (preferably catalyst comprising base or acid). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (M1): the removal from the same fermentation vessel is simultaneous or non-simultaneous for at least two fermentation broth streams. The removal from different fermentation vessels is simultaneous or non-simultaneous for at least two fermentation broth streams. The removal from different fermentation vessels is separate for at least two fermentation broth streams. The inert gas is nitrogen or CO2. The stripping apparatus is located inside or exterior to the fermentation vessel. The organic liquid absorbent is a C8 or higher alcohol. The alcohol is selected from octanol, nonanol, and/or decanol (preferably decanol). The butanol is recovered by distillation. The recovery of butanol is selected from absorption, liquid-liquid extraction and crystallization. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The method further comprises cooling a remaining portion of first stream, and passing the cooled portion of first stream to a separator, removing water from the first stream in the separator and returning the water to the feed stream, cooling a portion of the second stream and flowing the cooled second stream into a separator, removing an amount of water from the cooled second stream to form a third stream having increased fraction of oxygen and expanding the third stream, and passing the expanded third stream to another separator. The feed stream is heated by thermally coupling a nuclear reactor with a hydrogen production facility receiving the feed stream of water. A fluid mass comprising a molten salt is flowed through the intermediate exchange loop. A mass of supercritical carbon dioxide is heated and flowed through expansion turbine, and a generator is driven with the expansion turbine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal substrate includes ferritic steel or nickel alloy. The ceramic substrate includes yttrium doped zirconia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkylation reagent is tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, or (m-trifluoromethylphenyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide. The recovered fatty acid alkyl esters are fatty acid methyl esters. The biomass is a microalgal biomass. The ratio in grams of microalgal biomass to tetramethylammonium hydroxide is 1:0.12. Preferred Method: The fatty acid alkyl esters are recovered by condensation. Preferred Condition: The method is carried out at 250-500 or 400-450 degrees C, and the pressure is atmospheric. EXAMPLE - A mixture of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was evaporated to near dryness or dryness under nitrogen for 2 hours and was loaded into an appropriate heating furnace (reactor) that may be programmed or set for temperature control. The temperature was ramped from room temperature to 450 degrees C in 15 minutes and then was held for 30 minutes before cooling down to room temperature. Nitrogen swept the reactor (30, 70) and condenser (50, 80) at ambient pressure at a flow rate of 20 ml/minute. The volatile products including the biodiesel were condensed using an ice-cold trap (condenser). The top layer of the condensed fluid in the trap can be taken directly as the biodiesel product. After being filtered, the collected biodiesel was injected into gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The analyses were carried out with an autosampler. Helium gas was used as a carrier gas, and the temperature was ramped from 50 to 300 degrees C at 15 degrees C/minute following injection. Using the direct conversion process, FAME content from the algal biomass sample was 3% of biomass. This yield was comparable with the conventional fatty acid analysis of microalgal samples, suggesting an excellent efficiency for biodiesel transformation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Hydrogen-enriched gas is removed from mixture (M1) to generate a mixture (M2) comprising hydrogen, light hydrocarbons and the liquid composition. The mixture (M2) is separated to obtain a mixture (M3) comprising hydrogen and light hydrocarbons, and liquid composition free of gaseous products. The liquid composition is fractionated to enabled separation of kerosene. Kerosene is distilled and purified to produce jet fuel. The unconverted diesel fuel is mixed with the naphtha and the liquefied petroleum gas before steam-reforming. The hydrogen portion of the synthesis gas is utilized for hydrocracking. Hydrogen is supplied at rate of 350-700 m3 per 1 m3 of diesel fuel and/or recycled unconverted diesel fuel. Preferred Properties: The diesel fuel has distillation temperature of 260 degrees C at 10% recovery point and 340 degrees C at 90% recovery point. The jet fuel has maximum distillation temperature of 200 degrees C at 10% recovery point and final maximum boiling point of 300 degrees C. Hydrocracking is carried out at pressure of 6-17 MPa and temperature of 200-400 degrees C. Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst comprises an amorphous or zeolitic substrate and a noble metal incorporated within substrate. The noble metal is palladium and/or platinum. Preferred Apparatus: The separation module has a high-pressure separator in fluid communication with the hydrocracking module that separates the hydrogen-enriched gas, a low-pressure separator in fluid communication with the high-pressure separator that separates the liquid composition and obtains the liquid composition free of gaseous products, and a fractionator module in fluid communication with the low-pressure separator that recovers the jet fuel from the liquid composition. The pressure maintained in high-pressure separator and low-pressure separator is 6-17 MPa and 0.3-3 MPa, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises recirculating at least a portion of the carbon dioxide-rich fraction into the fermentation mixture. The step of processing the methane-rich fraction for energy comprises: converting at least a portion of the methane-rich fraction to synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen; contacting the synthesis gas with a catalyst to produce alcohol; and burning the methane-rich fraction for heat or to produce electricity. The second portion of the biogas is a fixed amount of biogas per unit time, and the first portion of biogas is a variable amount of biogas per unit time. The method further comprises purifying the alcohol, where the purified alcohol comprises less than 10 ppm of sulfur atoms, less than 5% of methanol, and at least 70% of C2+ alcohols by weight. The catalyst is sulfur free; the reduced substrate is organic material that contains sulfur; the fermentation mixture includes ferric ions and a microorganism that reduces ferric ions and produces at least one volatile organic acid from organic substrates; and the method further comprises removing sulfhydryls from the biogas by contacting the biogas with ferrous formed by reduction of ferric ions in the anaerobic digester (11) by the microorganism that reduces ferric ions and produces at least one volatile organic acid from organic substrates. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal and the low activity catalyst are selected from molybdenum, copper, iron, chromium and tungsten. The second catalyst is bimetallic. The bimetal and the high activity catalyst are selected from NiMo, CoMo, and NiW.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the first catalyst is a low activity hydrogenation metal. The feed stream is heated to a temperature of 600-650 degrees F. The partially hydrodeoxygenated stream is heated to a temperature of 550 degrees F. The process (P1) further involves isomerizing the hydrocarbon of the effluent stream to provide an isoparaffin. In the process (P2) the triglyceride is cracked in the presence of a low activity catalyst. The free fatty acids are converted to fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons in the presence of a low activity catalyst. The fatty alcohol and the diester are hydrodeoxygenated in the presence of a high activity catalyst. The process (P2) further involves isomerizing the at least one hydrocarbon to at least one isoparaffin. Preferred Components: The biomass includes vegetable oils, animal fats, restaurant greases, waste industrial frying oils and/or tall oil fatty acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agents: The carrier and adsorption agent contain silica, titania, activated carbon, magnesia and/or alumina. The adsorption agent contains zinc compound and an iron compound, having total content of 30 wt.% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Metal: The catalyst contains nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, platinum, palladium, ruthenium or rhodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The alcohol (a1) and a catalyst are contacted to generate alcohol (a2) in presence of hydrogen and adsorption agent. The catalyst is supported by a carrier. The desulfurization by the reaction process is carried out at 400 degrees C or less and pressure of 5 MPaG or less. The desulfurization by the chemical adsorption agent is a process in which the alcohol and an ion exchange resin or a solid catalyst is made to contact. The alcohol is mixed solution with water. The desulfurization by the physical adsorption agent is a process in which the alcohol, and activated carbon, activated clay, diatomaceous earth, silica, alumina or zeolite are made to contact. Preferred Properties: The recovery of pure ethanol at the time of making the carrier or the adsorption agent, and pure ethanol contact, and carrying out a shift reaction at 370 degrees C and normal pressure, is 60 % or more. The content of ( gamma )-alumina in the carrier or the adsorption agent is less than 3 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anion may be chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate, dihydric phosphate, tetrafluoroborate, or hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feedstock oil is soybean oil, peanut oil, tung oil, castor oil, maize oil, cotton seed oil, Zanthoxylum oil, lard, fish oil, and/or algae oil. The ionic liquid is sulfonic pyrrolidone or morpholine ionic liquid formed by cation of formula (I) or (II) and anion. The anion is acetate, methyl sulfonate, tosylate, trifluoromesylate, or trifluoroacetate.n=2-4; andR=H or 1-4C straight or branched or saturated or unsaturated alkyl.Preferred Ratio: The ratio of feedstock oil to methanol is 1:3-20. The ratio of feedstock oil to ionic liquid is 200-1:1. Preferred Conditions: The reaction is conducted at 70-170 degrees C for 1-15 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The biodiesel is obtained by esterifying vegetable oil having iodine number of 50-200 using methyl. Preferred Component: The vegetable oil is linseed oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, sunflower oil and/or Jatropha oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The adsorbent is a resin having surface area of 200-1900 m2/g, average pore size of 17-1000 Angstrom , and total porosity of 0.7-200 cm3/g. Preferred Process: The crude triglyceride stream is contacted with adsorbent resin before any other resin or hydrous metal oxide. The crude triglyceride stream is contacted with phenolic resin, metal-containing resin or hydrous metal oxide after the adsorbent resin and before any other resin. The method further comprises contacting the crude triglyceride stream with at least one anion exchange resin. Preferred Components: The crude triglyceride is animal fat. The phenolic resin, metal-containing resin or hydrous metal oxide is metal-containing resin. The metal comprises iron. The method further comprises contacting the crude triglyceride stream with at least one alumino-silicate adsorbent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The degrading enzyme of petroleum hydrocarbons, biological nutrient is powder material comprising mixed degrading bacteria belonging to non-pathogen and heterotrophic microbe, where the mixed degrading bacteria comprises epiphyte and bacteria. The epiphyte is chosen from Aureobasidium pullulans, Penicillium frequentans, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger, bacteria such as Acetobacter, Bacillus, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter and Micrococcus, the microorganisms is cultured in the culture medium having petroleum hydrocarbon as the only carbon source, and the powder material using wheat bran as main source. The biological nutrient is water, organic nutrients such as protein extracted from fermentation microbe, humic acid, sucrose, glucose and urea, inorganic nutrients such as sodium chloride, ammonia, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, ferric sulfate and manganous sulfate, or the liquid material. The biological surface active agent is water, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, or the protein extracted from fermented microbe. The soil activating agent is water, organic material such as humic acid, protein, linolenic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin A, vitamin B6 and vitamin E, or inorganic material such as sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The mol ratio between the organic ester orthosilicate and water within the reaction system is controlled at 1:0.5-4.0 while partially hydrolyzing and condensing the organic ester orthosilicate, hydrolyzing time is at least 10 minutes. The amount of the alcosol is controlled in such a degree that SiO2 content of final composite proton membrane of SiO2/organic polymer is 1-8 wt%, while compounding the alcosol of SiO2 and the electrolyte solution of organic polymer. Also, a solvent capable of dissolving electrolyte of the organic polymer while compounding the alcosol comprising SiO2 to electrolyte of the organic polymer, and boiling point of the solvent is 80-150 degrees C. Preferred Process: The reaction system further comprises a lower alcohol while partially hydrolyzing and condensing the organic ester orthosilicate, and mol ratio among each component within the reaction system is controlled at a degrees shown as follows: organic ester orthosilicate:water:acid:lower alcohol=1:0.5-4.0:0.1-0.005:20-0; and hydrolyzing time is at least 10 minutes. The prepared membrane is dipped within an acidic aqueous solution so as to completely hydrolyze organic ester orthosilicate and to prepare the composite proton membrane of SiO2/organic polymer. Preferred Components: The organic ester orthosilicate has a molecular formula Si(OR)4; and the acid catalyst for acid catalysis comprises an organic carboxylic acid or an inorganic acid which is selected from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and the organic carboxylic acid comprises formic acid or acetic acid.R=C1-C4 alkyl.Moreover, the electrolyte solution of organic polymer compounded to the alcosol comprising SiO2 to form a membrane comprises perfluorinated sulfonic acid type solid polymer, sulfonated polyaralkylether sulfone, sulfonated polyarylene sulfone, sulfonated polyaryletheretherketone or sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The S. epidermidis is sieved from an activated sludge obtained from Songhuajiang, Shanghai sewage treatment plant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A domestication medium comprises (g/L) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.5), magnesium sulfate (0.2), calcium chloride (0.1), sodium chloride (0.2), ammonium sulfate (1.0) and biphenyl (1). The degradation medium comprises (g/L) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.5), magnesium sulfate (0.2), calcium chloride (0.1), sodium chloride (0.2), ammonium sulfate (1.0) and 2,3',4',5-tetrachlorobiphenyl-acetone solution (0.1); and has pH 6.8-7.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The degradation is carried out at 30 degrees C, pH 7.0 and 150 rpm (shaking table).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid solvent is formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and/or valeric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrostatic spinning solution comprises (wt.%) organic acid (70-80), polyvinyl alcohol (10-15), and zinc acetate (8-15). Preferred Components: The organic acid solvent is formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and/or valeric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: Preferably, the de-coloring treatment of colored wastewater comprises: (a) using acid to adjust: mixing colored wastewater for coloring and acid adjusting agent, adjusting pH value of acid to be less than 4; where the colored wastewater comprises dye wastewater of fiber industry, wastewater mixed with glaze of ceramics industry, electroplating wastewater of metal processing industry, wastewater relative to animal industry, wastewater of agriculture and forestry, food industrial wastewater, wastewater of chemical petroleum industry, wastewater of electronic and electric industry, or wastewater of iron-making mechanical industry and catering industry; (b) destructively separating colored materials: destructively separating colored materials with destructive separation filtering layer of colored materials; where the destructive separation filtering layer of colored materials is prepared by mixing basic adjusting agent and mixture of carbons like rice hull soot carbon or active carbon, mixing with sawdust treated with acid or sawdust treated with acid, and adjusting pH value to be greater than 10; and the sawdust treated with acid is obtained by acid treating sawdust when mushroom is produced; and (c) absorbing and separating: acid-treating the rice hull soot carbon and absorbing the colored materials after destructively separating in the filtering layer with the filtering layer fixed with soil microorganism.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: An exhaust steam is supplied to the reactor (II) as water vapor for reaction-zone and pre-heating the water vapor which remains in the reactor (I) are condensed. The steam extraction gas is supplied to the combustion-air supply system of the water vapor steam boiler for a water vapor production, and further has water vapor emission unit to mix in the combustion air of the boiler. The steam exhaust gas is mixed in the combustion air water vapor, to obtain water vapor and subjected to combustion deodorizing process. Preferred Composition: The content of water in the high water content waste material is 70% or more, after mechanical dehydration the content of water is 40-65%. The solid fuel has a water content of 20% or less. The content of water in the dewatered sludge is 70% or more with the pressure of 2 MPa at 210 degrees C which is supply to the reactor. Preferred Apparatus: The high water content waste treatment equipment further has exhaust-steam transfer which supplies of reactor (II) to reactor (I) has water vapor for reaction zone, opening-and-closing control valve which opens-closes the exhaust-steam supply port of transfer unit and control apparatus which controls the operation of the valve with respect to the operation of the reactor. The reactors (I) and (II) are alternately perform to hydrothermal treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding isolated methane formation-related Archaea into the methane fermentation liquid. The method is controlled so that the bacterium number and archaea number is more than 1x108 cells/ml. The ratio of methane formation by archaea compared to the total formation by bacteria and archaea is 70-95%. One portion or all portions of the group of methane fermentation-related microorganisms is cryopreserved or freeze-dried. The isolated methane formation-related Archaea comprises Methanimicrococcus sp. OZK3 strain (FERM AP-21372). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The deodorizing liquid contains alkali-proof photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas) and/or alkali-proof cyanobacteria (Synechococcus), more specifically alkali-resistant bacteria chlorophyll a, photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas) A strain having neurosporene and lyocopene, alkali-resistant bacteria chlorophyll a, photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas) B strain having neurosporene, alkali-resistant chlorophyll a, and cyanobacteria (Synechococcus) C strain with beta -carotene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The diameter of powdery carrier is 0.1-30 mu m. The temperature of carrier when performing sputtering is - 200 degrees C. Preferred Components: The powdery carrier contains alumina, silica, magnesia, titania, zirconia, niobia, silica-alumina, zeolite, and/or calcium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst for reductive reaction is catalyst which shows activity to manufacture of methane, methanol, or carbon monoxide. Preferred Process: The method involves reducing diacid carbon under atmospheric pressure and temperature of less than or equal to 200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The desulfurizing agent contains nickel. Preferred Process: The liquid hydrocarbon raw material is desulfurized. The desulfurized hydrocarbon raw material is steam-reformed at low pressure to obtain hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: A hydrogen gas production apparatus has desulfurizer and a modifier to carry out steam reforming of the desulfurized hydrocarbon raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oil material comprises 5-80 wt.% free fatty acid. Preferred Ratio: The mole ratio of the methanol and glycerin ester is 5:1-6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The raw materials are compressed and dried. The drying step is air drying or oven drying. Preferred Component: The powder has 0.01 mm to 0.1 cm grain diameter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves combining a biomass feedstock with water to form a slurry, feeding the slurry to a gasifier to produce a fuel gas, and injecting a light hydrocarbon into the gasifier to generate gasification temperatures greater than 900 degrees C, by partial or complete combustion of the light hydrocarbon. The method involves gasifying a biomass feedstock in a gasifier to produce a product gas, feeding the product gas to a reformer section, injecting a light hydrocarbon into the reformer section, and generating temperatures of greater than 1000 degrees C, by partial or complete combustion of the light hydrocarbon, in the reformer section. The method further involves a slurry preparation section, where the biomass feedstock is slurried with at least one of water or the light hydrocarbon. Preferred Components: The oxygen content in the biomass feedstock is less than 60%. The water content in the biomass feedstock is less than 20%. The biomass feedstock comprises at least 30% of plant biomass. The biomass feedstock comprises a pre-processed feedstock, and a residue of oilseed extraction (preferably soybean oilseed extraction). The light hydrocarbon (preferably 1-7C hydrocarbons) has a boiling point of 160 degrees C. The light hydrocarbon is obtained from the processing of triglycerides. The light hydrocarbon is obtained as a byproduct of oil processing. The gasifier comprises an entrained flow gasifier. The fuel gas is further subjected to a water-gas shift reaction, so as to increase the hydrogen content of the fuel gas. The fuel gas is used in a power generation process, in chemical synthesis. The biomass feedstock comprises deoiled soybean residue. The light hydrocarbon is derived from triglycerides. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises (vol.%) potassium silicate (35 to 45, preferably 41); surfactant (0.50 to 1.5, preferably 1); polyol (0.50 to 1.5, preferably 1); and water (57). Preferred Method: Mixing the quantity of plant remediation composition with water involves mixing (C1) (about four fluid ounces) with water (two gallons).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyol is a polyethylene glycol. ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Antialgal. The effect of a turf mold remediation composition against anthracnose, a common disease that affects various turf used on golf course was tested as follows. A composition comprising potassium silicate, T MULZ 508 (RTM: Surfactant), polyethylene glycol and water was used to treat turf plots. A commercially available product Ecoguard (RTM: insect repellent) was used as comparative. The % of anthracnose in test/control turf grass was found to be 0/21.7 respectively.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - A mold remediation composition comprising (vol.%): potassium silicate (41), T MULZ 508 (RTM: Surfactant)(1), polyethylene glycol (1) and water (57) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The filtering is carried out on a hot gas stream. The liquid in the scrubbing is an organic liquid which is hydrocarbon of biological origin. The sprayed liquid forms vapor which changes the combustion property of the gas mixture. The engine is provided with bioethanol or biodiesel to change the combustion property of the fuel mixture. A pH-changing liquid is sprayed into the gas stream before heat exchanger, to control pH of the aqueous material condensing within the heat exchanger. The filtered gas stream is passed successively through a successive fluidic vortex gas/liquid contactors without moving portion arranged in series, in each of fluidic vortex gas/liquid contactor the gas flows along the vortex path in the cylindrical chamber between tangential inlet and axial outlet, and the liquid is sprayed outwardly through the gas vortex portion. At least one of the fluidic vortex gas/liquid contactors constitutes the heat exchanger.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic liquid is biodiesel. The liquid in the contactor is aqueous alkali of aqueous acid. Preferred Process: The biomass is combined with an alkaline material or its precursor or biomass is combined with chalk, before gasification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base oil component is heavy residual base oil. The intermediate distillate base fuel is diesel base fuel or comprises Fischer-Tropsch derived base fuel. The ratio of epsilon -methylene carbon atoms to isopropyl carbon atoms in the paraffinic base oil component is 8.2 or less. The base oil has pour point of -30 degrees C or less. The concentration of the base oil is chosen such as to overcome a decrease of 15% in the kinematic viscosity of engine lubricating oil, at 100 degrees C. The concentration of the base oil component is 0.1-10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (c) is preceded by an additional step in which part of the lower alkyl alcohol present in the transesterification reaction product is removed by exposing this product to a slight vacuum, where the transesterification product is the product resulting from step (a) and (b). The step (d) is omitted. The step (c) is carried out in the absence of water. The catalytic intermediates are inactivated by exposing the fatty acid ester phase to: a solution of an acid in a lower alkyl alcohol; and an acid activated ion exchange material. The water used in step (e) has been acidified. The water used to treat the evaporation residue resulting from step (d) is removed by centrifuge. The dried fatty acid esters resulting from step (f) are further purified by filtration. Preferred Components: The lower alcohol is methanol. The lower alkyl alcohol content after the evaporation, is present at 0.05 wt.% or less. EXAMPLE - Refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (700-800 g) was added in a multi-neck flask at 60-62 degrees C. Pre-heated anhydrous methanol (21.7 wt.%) was added together with an amount of sodium methanolate solution in methanol (0.6 wt.%) of pure methanolate. The mixture was allowed to react for a period of 2 hours while being agitated. After transferred to a separating funnel, the two phases of crude glycerol and crude fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were separated from each other by decantation over a period of 1 hour. Anhydrous citric acid (750 ppm) was added to the FAME phase (30 wt.%) solution in anhydrous methanol and the solution was mixed with the crude FAME. The acidulated FAME was then transferred to a Rotavapor (RTM: Rotatory evaporator) and the methanol present, at 80 degrees C and a pressure of 50 hPa absolute. The samples were washed with water (3 wt.%) and then dried for 30 minutes at 120 degrees C and an absolute pressure of 50 hPa and worked up to give lowest residual methanol content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Apparatus: The forced transporting device in the heating section (3) is a screw conveyor (4). The heating section is formed by a volume of a housing into which at least one burner (11) opens, and itself opens into a gas-tight line for supplying heat exchange particles (10) into the pyrolysis reactor (1). The particle supply line contains a lambda probe (33) to determine the oxygen content, and the burners (11, 20) are regulated on the basis of the oxygen content. The reactor has a heat exchange particle supply (6), a starting material supply (6), a fluid pyrolysis product outlet (7), a solid pyrolysis product outlet (8) and a conveyor (2) for the particles and starting material. The conveyors (2, 4) in the reactor and the heating section each consist of rotating screw conveyors. A separator (16) (specifically a sieve, especially a sieve with adjustable mesh width, or a magnetic separator) for the particles and solid product is provided between the reactor and heating section; optionally also the particles are separated into at least two fractions of different sizes and/or material compositions (e.g. by sieving). The fluid pyrolysis products are separated into a pyrolysis condensate and pyrolysis gas (to be supplied to the burners) in a condenser.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent contains 20 wt.% of allophane and/or imogolite, relative to the water-free adsorbent. The amount of adsorbent is 0.1-5 wt.%, relative to the crude biodiesel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The adsorbent is added to the crude biodiesel in the form of granulates. The crude biodiesel is heated at at least 30 degrees C. The crude biodiesel is treated with the adsorbent for the duration of at least 15 minutes. The crude biodiesel is obtained by alcoholysis of triglycerides. The alcoholysis is carried out with ethanol. The crude biodiesel is not subjected to water washing. The biodiesel is produced from bleached oil. Preferred Components: The pure biodiesel contains a concentration of triglycerides of less than 0.02 wt.%, diglycerides of less than 0.2 wt.%, monoglycerides of less than 0.8 wt.% and/or glycerin of less than 0.02 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The finely divided substrate material includes particulate material in suspension. The particulate substrate material includes comminuted plant material. The method is a continuous process. The organisms include rumen or silage organisms. The finely divided material is provided in suspension in a reservoir (21) and injected intermittently into the reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive materials comprise (wt.%) isobutyl alcohol (7-30), n-octyl alcohol (10-30), succinamide (1-10), oleic acid (10-30), 2-hydroxyethylamine (3-10), trimer acid (10-20), triisopropyl phosphite (3-15) and Span(RTM: sorbitan fatty acid ester) (1-8.5). Preferred Component: The methanol is optionally substituted with ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further involves utilizing the urea to yield fertilized crops, followed by harvesting fertilized crops to yield harvested crops, and channeling the harvested crops back into the method as biomass; and directing water, produced via the production of the urea to the crops for purposes of cultivation, and also directing a portion of CO2 produced via the production of the urea to the crops for purposes of cultivation. The CO2 is compressed prior to reaction with the NH3. The process technique is selected from fermentation, gasification, and/or aqueous reforming. Preferred System: The system further comprises fertilizing subsystem (207) for fertilizing crops with the urea; an irrigation subsystem (209) for directing water produced in the reactor subsystem to crops for cultivation purposes; a harvesting subsystem (211) for harvesting the crops for use as biomass in the processing subsystem; a compressor (202) for compressing CO2 prior to its introduction into the reactor subsystem; a pump (204) for introducing the NH3 into the reactor subsystem; a device (206) for granulizing the urea prior to use as a fertilizer; and a device (208) for delivering at least a portion of CO2 produced to the crops for purposes of cultivation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biofuel produced from the biomass comprises molecular species selected from alcohols, esters and/or alkanes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode of cell comprises graphite infused with platinum, palladium and/or gold. The positive electrode comprises nickel plated with zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The reaction chamber is pyrolysis reactor (preferred), a conventional gasifier or a plasma arc gasifier. The carbonaceous material is coke, coal, a hydrocarbon, solid waste, or biomass. The biocatalytic reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The method includes introducing steam as a reactant into the reaction chamber, providing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) (i.e. syngas) to an emission control system to clean the syngas by removing impurities. The reacting step comprises Boudouard reaction. An output of the biocatalytic reactor is provided to another biocatalytic reactor to provide additional ethanol. Preferred Parameters: The reaction chamber is maintained at 400-5000, preferably 1330 degrees C. Preferred Components: The cleaned syngas is provided to a water-gas shift reactor to adjust the CO and H2 molar ratio of 0.20-3 molecules of CO for 1 molecules of H2. The gas comprising CO and H2 is provided to a biocatalytic reactor to produce ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The ink is made of platinum, platinum black, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, platinum-palladium alloy and platinum-transition metal alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolyte film is made of perfluorosulfonic acid polymer, hydrocarbon-based polymer, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, polyphenylenesulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphosphazenes, poly ethylene naphthalate, polyester, polybenzimidazole, polyether ketone and polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amount of alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals in the catalyst is 0.5-2 wt.%. The amount of second auxiliary ingredient in the catalyst is 0.5-3.5 (preferably 1.5-3.5) wt.%. The catalyst has 75-110 m2/g specific surface area and 0.35-0.75 mL/g pore volume. The alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals comprise lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium and/or strontium, or preferably lithium, potassium and/or magnesium. Alumina carrier is delta and/or alpha -crystal type. Preferred Condition: The carrier with first auxiliary ingredient is baked at 400-800 degrees C for 4-6 hours. The resulting mixture after addition of second auxiliary ingredient is dried at 90-150 degrees C, and baked at 900-1200 degrees C for 4-6 hours. The palladium and second auxiliary ingredient are soaked on alumina carrier with first auxiliary ingredient, then excess liquid are removed after 20-40 minutes, washed with distilled water, aged, dried, and baked at 300-600 degrees C for 2-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The lipase is Yarrowia lipolytica LW1 (CGMCC 2707) or Candida rugosa (ATCC 14830).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The immobilizing auxiliary may include magnesium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oil includes lard, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, coconut oil, palm oil or soybean oil sediments, soapstock or acidified oil. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol which can be added once or in batches. Preferred Composition: Dewatering agent which is silica gel or molecular sieve is used and is 1-10 wt.% of the oil. Content of the ester of 16-18C fatty acid and methanol or ethanol is 95-98 wt.%. Preferred Method: The hydrolysis is carried out at 20-45 degrees C at 100-130 rpm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The immobilizing auxiliary includes polyvinyl alcohol, sorbitol, Tween 80(RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The immobilizing carrier is cotton fabric, silk, polypropylene fiber, Terylene(RTM: synthetic polyester fiber), nylon, acrylic, urethane elastic fiber or vinylon fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrogenate material is a metal or metal alloy selected from a group consisting of titanium, iron, chromium, zirconium, calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel and manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The solid catalyzer is acidic or basic, and crystalline or amorphous. Preferred Component: The solid catalyzer is zeolite, hydrotalcite, carbonates of alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal, citrate, aluminum oxide, silica, aluminum silicate, molecular strainer or niobium pentoxide hydrate. Preferred Condition: The reaction is carried at 170-380 degrees C under pressure of 60-11400 mm mercury for 0.5-6 hours in a reactor which is operated in batch, continuous and semi-continuous regime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrotreating is carried out using supported active catalyst component chosen from cobalt-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum and/or noble metals. The isomerization is carried out using a supported noble metal isomerization catalyst. Preferred Apparatus: The system further has a regulating unit for individually controlling the rate at which each feed is fed into the pyrolysis unit. The regulating unit modulates the properties of the produced pyrolysis oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The pyrolysis is carried out at 450-650 degrees C. The separation is carried out by distillation. Preferred Composition: The biomass comprises cellulosic biomass, triglyceride-containing biological oils, lignin, hemicellulose and/or starch. The material (M) is preferably waste plastic containing 75 wt.% or more of polyolefin. The relative amounts of biomass and material (M) concurrently pyrolyzed are varied. The component fractions comprise fraction having boiling point of less than 650 degrees F and fraction having boiling point of more than 650 degrees F.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalysts of lamellar titanates are produced starting from precursor compounds of alkali metals (preferably sodium), alkaline-earth metals, transition and internal transition metals, which can be introduced in the stage of synthesis of the lamellar titanate or can be exchanged ionically, partially or completely, starting from precursor titanate in its alkaline or protonated form. The catalysts of lamellar titanates are submitted to acid washing for their protonation. Preferred Components: The catalysts of protonated lamellar titanates comprise nanotubes, nanorods, nanofibers or nanosheets, preferably nanotubes with external diameter of 5-50 nm and Brunauer Emmett and Teller specific surface area of 50-450 (preferably 150) m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The triglycerides comprise oils or fats of vegetable or animal origin, which are used individually or in mixtures with one another in any proportions. Preferred Process: The reaction temperature of the transesterification of triglycerides is 65-290 degrees C, preferably 150-290 degrees C. The catalysts of lamellar titanates are used at 1-5 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Canola oil (100 g), methanol (50 g) and catalyst (protonated sodium titanate as powder with average grain size of 5 mu m) (1 g) were transesterified at reaction conditions of 200 degrees C/3 hours in a single stage and under autogenous pressure of 40 kgf/cm2. After the completion of reaction, canola oil (82.6%) was converted into methyl esters (68.9%) and monoglycerides and diglycerides (13.7%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, poly blends, other polyolefins, and/or polyhydrocarbons limited to oxygen as an additional constituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron-conducting carbon particles are selected from carbon black, and/or graphite particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder is a thermoplastic binder, dry resin, or resin solution (preferably thermoplastic binder). The thermoplastic binder(s) consists of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (5-40, preferably 10-25 wt.% of compression pad), or a combination of a PVDF and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The prominence structure is made of nickel. The electrode core is made of copper, nickel or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The composition is produced from at least two compounds of (II) or (III). In (I), any solvent in contact with the compounds are substantially removed prior to calcining. (I) is not exposed to oxygen between solvent removal and calcining. The calcining step is performed at 350-500 degrees C for 1-10 hours. Preferred Components: The catalytic promoter is potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate. Preferred Definitions:    M2 = Co or Ni;    R = n-butyl, n-pentyl or n-hexyl; and    x =2.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The spent catalyst is washed before step (a) with an organic liquid to remove soft coke. The spent catalyst is treated before step (a) with hot nitrogen gas and/or steam. The step (a) is carried out at 40-85 degrees C. The step (c) is preceded by a step in which soft coke dissolved in the extractant is removed using liquid-liquid extraction. The corrosion metals present in the extractant after step (c) is such that the molar ratio of total corrosion metals to heteropolytungstic acid is less than 0.15:1. The recovered heteropolytungstic acid is reutilized to make fresh supported heteropolytungstic acid. Preferred Components: The extractant is a mixture of ethanol and water. The organic liquid is a 6-10C alkane or their mixtures. EXAMPLE - A spent silica supported silicotungstic acid catalyst (45 g, less than 1 mm in diameter) was placed in a fixed bed reactor. A continuous flow distilled water at 80 degrees C was then passed though the fixed bed at an liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.5 per hour for a period of six hours and the essentially colorless eluent collected. Analysis of this effluent showed that approximately 80% of the silicotungstic acid was recovered. The eluent was then passed though a fixed bed of Amberlyst 15H (RTM: ion-exchange resin) at the same temperature to remove any corrosion metals and the effluent was again collected. Solid silicotungstic acid was recovered essentially pure from this eluent using a rotary evaporator (at 70 degrees C and less than 0.1 MPa pressure) followed by subsequent drying at 100 degrees C in an oven yields 80% tungsten. After treatment with the ion exchange resin the corrosion metals content of the eluent was iron 3 parts per million (ppm), and less than 2 ppm of chromium, molybdenum, manganese and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline agent is sodium hydroxide (50%). The acid agent is hydrochloric acid and orthophosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Parameter: The charring temperature of the biomass fuel is 450-550 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst (1.5-2 wt.%) is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and/or p-toluene sulfonic acid. The alkali catalyst is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation method further comprises mixing reduced oil phase having an acid value of less than 3 mg KOH/g, methanol and glyceride; subjecting mixture to esterification using an alkali catalyst (0.5-50 wt.%) at 20-150 degrees C for 1-240 minutes; delaminating the materiel to remove glycerin/catalyst phase to obtain a biodiesel crude product; and subjecting to rectifying device. Preferred Components: The methanol and glyceride has a mole ratio of 3-30:1. The alkali catalyst is sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide. The methanol and fatty acid in raw material has a mole ratio of 3-6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The grain size of the saw powder is 40-50 meshes. The water content of the saw powder is less than 6%. On the other hand, the water content of the rice husk is less than 6%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The nitrogen source or phosphorus source is selected from corn steep liquor, corn meal, fish meal, bean meal, bran, rice bran, soy cake, yeast extract or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The nitrogen source or phosphorus source is selected from ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The nitrogen source or phosphorus source is peptone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The bottom portion of gas liquor separator is provided with permeable baffle plate, on which foam metal is filled. The foam metal is foam nickel, foam iron, foam copper or foam nickel copper. The air outlet is provided with an alkaline removal device. The alkaline removal device is provided with molecular sieve, absorbent cotton, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, activated carbon, allochroic silica gel and ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O). The molecular sieve is chosen from 3A molecular sieve, 4A molecular sieve, 5A molecular sieve, I3X HP molecular sieve, 13X PG molecular sieve, 13 APG molecular sieve and/or XH-5 molecular sieve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acids: The acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Acids: The acid is acetic acid. The hydrogen-ion-conductive macromolecule includes cation exchanger selected from sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphate group or their derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-ion-conductive macromolecule is selected from fluorine-based polymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide polymer, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone or polyphenyl quinoxaline. The dimorphism material is made of polyalkylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxy copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, polyolefin or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel fuel is prepared from oils derived from rapeseed, soy, palm, palm olein, palm stearin, palm kernel oil, coriander oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, maize oil, almond oil, palmseed oil, coconut oil, mustardseed oil, bovine tallow, bone oil, fish oils and/or cooking oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The biodiesel fuel composition comprises polymer or copolymer (0.05-20 wt.%) and biodiesel fuel (5-99.1 wt.%). Preferred Components: The polymer (I) is obtained by nitroxyl mediated free radical polymerization and is subsequently modified by a transesterification reaction. The polymer or copolymer is a block, random, comb, star or gradient architecture. Preferred Definitions:    E=-O-N(Me)2 or part of 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring (optionally having an additional nitrogen or oxygen atom in the ring system);    Poly=polymer or copolymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) selected from styrenes (optionally alkyl substituted), (meth)acrylic acid (1-36C) alkyl esters, (meth)acrylic acid (1-30C)hydroxyalkyl or (1-30C)polyhydroxy alkyl esters, (meth)acrylic esters of alkoxylated alcohols, (meth)acrylic poly-2-4C alkyleneglycol esters, (meth)acrylic esters of alkoxylated phenols, (meth)acrylic acid (1-36C)alkyl esters (optionally substituted by amino), (meth)acrylamide N-mono(1-30C)alkyl and/or N,N-di(1-30C)alkyl(meth)acrylamide (optionally mono- or di-substituted (meth)acrylamide (1-30C)alkyl (optionally substituted by amino);    In=-CH2-phenyl, CH3CH-phenyl, (CH3)2C-phenyl, (5-6C cycloalkyl)2CCN, (CH3)2CCN, 3-methyl-cyclohexene, 1-methyl-cyclohexanecarbonitrile, -CH2CH=CH2, CH3CH-CH=CH2, 1-4C alkyl CR20-C(O)-phenyl, 1-4C alkyl-CR20-C(O)-(1-4C)alkoxy, 1-4C alkyl-CR20-C(O)-(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkyl-CR20-C(O)-N-di(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkyl-CR20-C(O)-NH(1-4C)alkyl or (1-4C)alkyl-CR20-C(O)-NH2;and    R20=H or 1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves introducing steam as a reactant into the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is maintained at 400-5000 (preferably 1330) degrees C. A Boudouard reaction involves the step of reacting. The process further involves the step of providing the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) gas to an emission control system to remove impurities prior to providing the gas to the water-gas shift reactor. The molar adjusted carbon monoxide and hydrogen are provided to a bio-catalytic reactor to produce ethanol. An output of the bio-catalytic reactor is provided to another bio-catalytic reactor to provide additional ethanol. The gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is provided to a bio-catalytic reactor to produce ethanol. Preferred Components: The reaction chamber is selected to be one of a pyrolysis reactor, a conventional gasifier or a plasma arc gasifier (preferably pyrolysis reactor). The carbonaceous material is selected from coke, coal, a hydrocarbon, solid waste or biomass. The bio-catalytic reactor is a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pyrolysis or torrefaction reactor includes a catalyst. Syngas can be converted into a product comprising 1-4C alcohols, methanol and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas includes at least one of Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, carbon dioxide, and/o freon gas. The reactant includes oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic cyclic compound has gas capture space for absorbing methane-containing gas inside organic cyclic compound. The organic cyclic compound is of formula (1), metallic compound of formula: -(TO3/2(-R9))-, or metallic compound with 4-12 units of formula: R9-M(-O)3.R3,R5,R7=1-10C alkyl;R1=single bond or 1-10C alkyl;R8=single bond, H, halo, hydroxyl or carboxyl;R2,R4,R6=H, halo, hydroxyl or carboxyl;M=silicon, germanium and/or tin atom;r=1-10;n,m,l,p=0-4;n+m+l+p=3-16;R9=1-10C alkyl group;andT=M, and is coupled with three oxygen.Preferred Composition: The load of organic cyclic compound with respect to tin oxide is 0.5-10 mass%. The supporting method is carried out in inert gas atmosphere in organic solvent solution, and baking is carried out at 600-1000 degrees C. Preferred Method: A source gas containing methane and molecular oxygen is reacted in presence of oxidation catalyst at 400-700 degrees C, and 2C or more hydrocarbon is produced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: Enzymes may be added to hydrolyze the cellulose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Chemicals such as sodium hydroxide may be added to aid the disruption or liquefaction process preferably before or during the disruption or liquefaction step. Acid(s) is added to enable acid hydrolysis during disintegration of liquefaction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic material comprises cellulosic material. Inexpensive and readily available sources of cellulosic materials are utilized, such as cut grass, wheat stalks, sugar cane waste and/or sugar beet waste products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The acidic catalyst is an acidic ion exchange resin, which has sulfonic acid functionality, and the reaction temperature for contacting an unsaturated triglyceride with 1-4C alcohol or contacting an unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester with 1-4C alcohol is 35-70 degrees C. Preferred Components: The 1-4C alcohol is methanol. The triglyceride or fatty acid methyl ester contains 1-4 units of carbon-carbon unsaturation per fatty acid chain. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalysts (C1) are produced starting from precursor compounds of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition and internal transition metals (preferably alkali metals, especially sodium). The catalysts comprise nanotubes, nanorods, nanofibres or nanosheets (preferably nanotubes with external diameter of 5-50 nm and BET specific surface of 50-450 (preferably 150) m2/g).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalysts (C1) are introduced in the stage of synthesis of the lamellar titanate or can be exchanged ionically, partially or completely, starting from precursor titanate in its alkaline or protonated form. The catalysts (C1) are submitted to acid washing for their protonation. The reaction temperature of the transesterification of triglycerides is 65-290 (preferably 150-290) degrees C. The catalysts (1-5 wt/wt.%) are used in the transesterification of triglycerides. Preferred Components: The triglyceride comprises oils or fats of vegetable or animal origin that are used individually or in mixtures with one another in any proportions. EXAMPLE - A mixture of canola oil (100 g), methanol (50 g), catalyst (1 g) (protonated sodium titanate as powder with average grain size of approximately 5 mu m) were heated at 225 degrees C for 2 hours in a single stage at 60 kgf/cm2 autogenous pressure. The degree of conversion of canola oil to methyl esters was 96.9% and mono- and diglycerides (3.1%); whereas for reaction without catalyst, the degree of conversion was 76.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further comprises the heater i.e. immersion heater containing at least one inlet arranged to introduce heated water into the anaerobic digester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid aqueous solution is phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid or tartaric acid. The hydrogenation catalyst is porous inorganic oxide comprising aluminum, silicon, zirconium, boron, titanium and/or magnesium, VI group elements supported by porous inorganic oxide and/or IX and X group metallic elements. The porous inorganic oxide further contains phosphorus as main element. Preferred Process: The contact-mixing of raw material oil and acid aqueous solution is performed at 40-100 degrees C. Then, the washed raw material mixture is centrifuged. Preferred Composition: The usage-amount of acid aqueous solution is 0.01-20 mass% with respect to raw material oil. Preferred Properties: The hydrocarbon oil has iodine number of less than 0.1 g iodine/100 g. The acid-value increase amount after blowing oxygen gas into hydrocarbon oil at 115 degrees C for 16 hours is 0.25 or less mg potassium hydroxide/g based on the acid value before blowing oxygen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the polypeptide comprises: (a) cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide, under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide. Alternatively, producing the polypeptide comprises: (a) cultivating a host cell comprising a nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide. Alternatively, producing the polypeptide comprises: (a) cultivating a transgenic plant or a plant cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; and (b) recovering the polypeptide. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO. 2 or its fragment having beta-glucosidase activity. It is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NO. 1 or its subsequence encoding a fragment having beta-glucosidase activity. It is also encoded by the polynucleotide contained in plasmid pTter1A which is contained in Escherichia coli NRRL B-50078. Preferred Method: In degrading or converting a cellulosic material, the cellulolytic enzymes are selected from a cellulase, endoglucanase, or cellobiohydrolase. The method also comprises recovering the degraded cellulosic material. SPECIFIC SEQUENCES - Specifically claimed is a polypeptide having beta-glucosidase activity comprising 476 amino acids (SEQ ID NO. 2), and its encoding polynucleotide comprising 1431 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1). All sequences are fully defined in the specification.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises copper oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide or calcium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: providing methyl-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-5-amino-1H-indol-3-yl)methylbenzoate, and purifying the methyl-3-methoxy-4-(1-methyl-5-amino-1H-indol-3-yl)methylbenzoate by recrystallization from an organic solvent; providing a crude zafirlukast and treating the crude zafirlukast with an adsorbent to afford zafirlukast substantially free of process related impurities; providing a solution of zafirlukast in a volatile solvent, and removing the solvent by spray drier or rotary evaporation to afford amorphous zafirlukast; and providing zafirlukast having a mean particle size of less than or equal to 300 mu m. Preferred Components: The peroxide is hydrogen peroxide. The organic solvent is ethyl acetate. ACTIVITY - Antiasthmatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Leukotriene receptor antagonist.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of (I) is oral. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the J. curcas intra specific hybrid Nandan-1 comprises crossing JCZ-P34 and JCZ-I84 and then applying biparental crossing process adopting North Carolina Design at F2 generation following selection. The method comprises regeneration of a tissue culture. The Nandan-1 exhibits a high yield, resistance to disease and insect pests, improved canopy structure, tolerance to environmental stresses, improved agronomic characteristics and/or higher seed yield. The female parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing cymase inflorescence, a highly fertile ovule and a small number of abortive flowers. The male parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing a greater number of inflorescences per plant. The intra specific hybrid Nandan-1 of J. curcas plant is then crossed with a J. curcas or plant part, to produce a population of Nandan-1 progeny comprising 20-70% of alleles from the Nandan-1 parent. The Nandan-1 product or its part comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 (M13 Primer), may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The Nandan-1 product comprises a sterile male form. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None Given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the J. curcas intra specific hybrid Nandan-2 comprises crossing JCZ-T62 and JCZ-O41 and then applying biparental crossing process adopting North Carolina Design after F2 generation following selection. The method comprises regeneration of a tissue culture. The Nandan-2 exhibits a high yield, resistance to disease and insect pests, improved canopy structure, tolerance to environmental stresses, improved agronomic characteristics and/or higher oil content. The female parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing cymase inflorescence, a highly fertile ovule and a small number of abortive flowers. The male parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing a greater number of inflorescences per plant. The intra specific hybrid Nandan-2 of J. curcas plant is then crossed with a J. curcas or plant part, to produce a population of Nandan-2 progeny comprising 20-70% of alleles from the Nandan-2 parent. The Nandan-2 hybrid plant comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 (M13 primer), may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The part of the Nandan-2 product comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2 (M13 primer). The Nandan-2 product comprises a sterile male form. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None Given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the J. curcas intra specific hybrid Nandan-3 comprises crossing JCZ-O39 and JCZ-C59 and then applying biparental process adopting North Carolina Design after F2 generation following selection. The process comprises asexual propagation, a tissue culture method, or growing a seed. The process comprises regeneration of a tissue culture. The Nandan-3 exhibits a high yield, resistance to disease and insect pests, improved canopy structure, tolerance to environmental stresses, improved agronomic characteristics and/or higher oleic content. The female parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing cymase inflorescence, a highly fertile ovule and a small number of abortive flowers. The male parent used in the method comprises the characteristics of producing a greater number of inflorescences per plant. The intra specific hybrid Nandan-3 of J. curcas plant is then crossed with a J. curcas or plant part, to produce a population of Nandan-3 progeny comprising 20-70% of alleles from the Nandan-3 parent. The Nandan-3 product or its part comprises the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 (M13 primer), may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. The Nandan-3 product comprises a sterile male form. ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None Given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent used in manufacture of risedronate sodium monohydrate is ethanol or isopropanol. The solvent used in manufacture of risedronate sodium 2.5 hydrate is isopropanol. Preferred Process: The mixture is stirred for 5 hours in the manufacture of risedronate sodium monohydrate. The mixture is stirred at 60 degrees C for 7 hours in the manufacture of risedronate sodium 2.5 hydrate. The mixture is stirred for 12 hours in the manufacture of anhydrous risedronate sodium. Preferred Composition: The mixing ratio of solvent and water in the manufacture of risedronate sodium monohydrate is 7:3. The mixing ratio of solvent and water in the manufacture of risedronate sodium 2.5 hydrate is 6:4. ACTIVITY - Osteopathic; Metabolic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode catalyst layer are metal alloy of platinum group metals, gold, silver, chromium, iron, titanium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, silicon, zinc, and tin. The platinum group metals are platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium. The proton exchange membrane and electrode catalyst layers of electrolytic cell are integrated with each other.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: A cooler containing the temperature control unit is spaced apart from the upper surface of the electrolyzer by a block. The block has gas mixture transport pipe, condensed water transport pipe, and gas mixture transport pipe. The gas mixture transport pipe transports the gas mixture from electrolyzer to the cooler. The condensed water transport pipe transports condensed water from the cooler to the electrolyzer. The gas mixture transport pipe extends towards the cooler to be 1-5 cm higher that the condensed water transport pipe. The cooler has mist eliminator for increasing a size of dispersed water particles. The electrolyzer has heating unit for increasing the temperature of electrolyzer to control the heating unit. The proton exchange membrane contains hydrocarbon- or fluorocarbon-based polymer and sulfite type strong acid group. Preferred Properties: The proton exchange membrane is 50-200 mu m. The electrode catalyst layers are 1-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The silica fibers comprise fiber strands having an aspect ratio of 3:1 or more. Preferred Components: The silica fiber matrix comprises randomly directionally-oriented silica fibers. The cultivation substance comprises calcium silicate and/or magnesium sulfite, a substance which reacts with silica fibers by pozzolonic bonding reaction and expandable fragmentation agent. The fragmentation agent comprises expandable clay. The silica fibers comprise low alkali glass fibers derived from waste by-product of fiber glass production process. Preferred Method: The pellet forming process is carried out with the addition of moisture to pellet composition and the pellet is dried to have predetermined moisture content. Then, the pellet is sorted based on the size of pellet and the fragmented and/or undersized pellets are recycled for use in combining process. Further, the pellets are packed for distribution. Preferred Process: The combining process and palletizing process are carried out such that silica fibers are formed into matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chromatographic column is capable of separating methane, acetylene, ethane and propane. The sample is pre-treated, selected and processed. The determination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen monoxide is performed by sampling and bursting processes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The steam extraction pipe is heat-retained or heated so that gas such as water vapor, tar and carbon monoxide will not condense in steam extraction pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fixed bed carries anammox microbe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fixed bed is carbon which uses beer lees as raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In (b), putting dewatered garbage into the fanning machine; using density difference of the soft garbage and heavy substance to separate them. Also, in (h), drying process of the regenerative coal is mechanical drying or natural drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The components of the biodiesel comprises 100 volume parts of oil, 11-15 volume parts of methanol, 0.2-0.4 volume parts of sulfuric acid and 0.1-0.25 volume parts of sodium carbonate. Preferred Parameters: The concentration of the sulfuric acid is 83-98%. The congealing point of the finished product in (g) is not higher than 10 degrees C or below zero.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The waste sulfuric acid and magnesium oxide has a weight ratio of 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The multi-element mixed non-azeotropic refrigerant is made of working media with high and low boiling-points. The working medium with low boiling point is selected from tetrafluoromethane, ethylene, ethane, chloroethylene, perchloroethylene, trifluoromethane, fluoromethane, perfluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, tri-fluoroethane, fluoroethane, propylene, propane, monochlorodifluoromethane, penta-monochlorethane or octachloropropane. The working medium with high boiling point is selected from propadiene, cyclopropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, isobutene, normal butane, 1-butylene, isobutene, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptachloropropane, 1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroacetore, 1,1,2,2,3-penta-propane or tetrafluoro-fluoroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The inorganic zinc components are selected from zinc nitrate 5-10; zinc chloride 10-50 and zinc oxide 10-60.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Preparation: Chelating zinc fertilizer is obtained by mixing inorganic zinc raw material, chelating agent and catalyst components, reacting at 30-80 degrees C the first solid phase reaction for 8-20 hours and removing excess reactant; and adjusting the temperature to 50-200 degrees C for a second solid phase reaction for 8-20 hours to obtain fertilizer. The fertilizer is cooled to room temperature in a dry environment and crushed, first coarsely and then in a jet mill to 200 mesh or more. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH of the treating fluid is adjusted to 7 or more, before adding treating fluid to hydrocarbon gas stream. The water content of the treating fluid is adjusted, before adding treating fluid to hydrocarbon gas stream. A surfactant is added to the emulsion or stream which forms emulsion. The pH of the treating fluid is adjusted to 7 or more by adding amine to the treating fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Process: The addition of (B) to the combustor is carried out by feeding (B) separately from the fuel or in mixture with it. In the process, (B) is fed as an aqueous dispersion containing surfactants, when it is sulfur. The addition of (A) to the combustor is carried out by feeding (A) separately from the fuel or in mixture with it. The component (A) is fed separately from the fuel under the form of an aqueous solution or suspension. The components (A) and (B) are added in mixture, separately from the fuel to the combustor. Preferred Components: In the combustor, the pressure is greater than or equal to 101.3-2000 kPa and the temperature is 1500-2100 K. The comburent is oxygen and is used in excess with respect to the fuel. The combustion gases at the combustor outlet are cooled at a temperature of less than or equal to 1100 K. The fuel residence time in the combustor is 0.5 seconds to 30 minutes. The comburent is premixed with recycling fumes, where the fume amount is higher than 10 vol.%. The recycling fumes contain water in vapor form, which is greater than 10 vol.%. The feeding fuel is added with up to 80 wt.% of water. The molar ratio of B1/C1 is at least 0.7, preferably 2. The partial pressure of sulfur oxide of the component B is higher than 40 bar. The ratio by weight of A1/(A2-A1) is at least 0.01, preferably up to 1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The tubular anode is made of metal alloy of carbon steel, iron, nickel and chromium. The cathode is made of tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Organism: The seaweed is an alga such as brown algae (Phaeophyceace), Rhodophyceae, and Chlorophyceae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A 1 liter undiluted solution of the activator contains (mg) phosphorus (33), iron (51000), sodium (20), potassium (4 mg), calcium (53) and magnesium (11000).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The saccharides are polysaccharides or starches chosen from corn origin starch, sweet potato origin starch, potato origin starch, wheat origin starch or soluble starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The clean liquid fuel comprises (L) methanol and/or 5C hydrocarbon fraction (36-60, preferably 50-60), ethanol (4-10, preferably 4-7), dimethyl ether, 120-200# gasoline (6-12), - 50# diesel oil (8-15), dimethyl carbonate (6-8), and dimethoxymethane (6-8). Preferred Component: The liquid fuel also contains anti-freezing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises (vol.%) 99.5% industrial alcohol (10, preferably 30), commercial diesel oil 0# (87.9, preferably 63.7), a linear and/or saturated 8-12C fatty alcohol (2, preferably 6), and cetane number improving agent (0.1, preferably 0.3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: An ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (0.3-0.5%, based on weight of emulsifier) is added in water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method comprises carbonizing poplar tree material and grinding to 200 mesh. The shaping step is shaping into block. Preferred Component: The poplar wood and igniter are present at 2-4:3 mass ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The motor on feeding screw is provided on shell, and the feeding screw is provided vertically. The outlet of shell is hollow hexagonal prism shape or hollow columnar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heteropolyacid family comprises a family of 12-silicotungstic acid (SiW12), 12-tungsto(VI) phosphoric acid (PW12), 12-molybdenum-phosphoric acid (PMo12) and 18-metallo-2 phosphate anion (P2W12), and a base of platinum, palladium and iridium. The metal-oxime family comprises cobalt dimethyl glyoxime expressed as Co(dmgBF2)2+ and cobalt diphenyl glyoxime expressed as Co(dpgBF2)2+. Preferred Catalysts: The second catalyst comprises a compound containing a family of heteropolyacid with a base of platinum, palladium and iridium, a molecular compound of ruthenium, which is stable in aqueous medium, ruthenium oxide nanoparticles and a molecular compound of manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nanostructure is chosen from single-walled carbon nanotube, double-walled carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon nanotube, nanowire and carbon nanofiber having diameter 200 nm or less, amorphous or graphitic carbon nanoparticles having diameter of 10-500 nm, and fullerene. Preferred Composition: The content of carbon nanostructures is 1-20 weight%. The content of monomer solution is 1-100 mM. The content of carbon nanomaterial is 20-200 mg/l. Preferred Process: The polymer/nanomaterial dispersion is homogenized in an ultrasound bath, after mixing polymer solution and nanomaterial. The carbon material is treated using acid solution such as nitric acid and/or sulfuric acid, basic solution such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide solution, and solution of mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid, thermally treated in oxidizing atmosphere at 100-400 degrees C, and treated using ultrasounds. The carbon materials are dispersed in solution of monomer which is the polymer precursor. Then, a predetermined potential is applied to the operating electrode such that the electrochemical deposition of dispersion is performed, to obtain polymer. EXAMPLE - Polyethylendioxythiophene and polystyrene sulfonate, and single-walled carbon nanotube filler were mixed, to form solution. The obtained solution was treated with nitric acid solution. Then, the treated solution was deposited on the quartz surface at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes, to form nanocomposite-material film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Property: The photocatalyst absorbs light energy at wavelength of 300-700 nm. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 8 metal complexes such as tris-(l-carboxyl-2-phenyl-l,2-ethylenodithiolenic-S,S') tungsten, tris-(l-carboxyl-2-phenyl-1,2-ethylenodithiolenic- S,S')molybdenum, tris-(l,2-dicarboxyl-l,2-ethylenodithiolenic-S,S')tungsten, tris-(l,2-dicarboxyl-l,2-ethylenodithiolenic-S,S') molybdenum and tris-(l-phenyl-2-alkyoxy-2-oxo-l,2-ethylenodithiolenic-S,S')tungsten are claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier (0-20 wt.%) comprises gamma -aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon oxide and/or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains alkali metal preferably potassium and/or alkaline earth metal (0-5, preferably 0.01-3 wt.%). Preferred Components: The wt. ratio of Ag to Pd is 2-6:1. Preferred Properties: The catalyst has small aperture part having a semidiameter of 5-30 nm, and large aperture having semidiameter of 200-400 nm. The ratio of large aperture to small aperture is 90:10-10:90, preferably 70:30-30:70. Preferred Method: The preparation of catalyst involves immersing steeping carrier into acid solution of Pd salt for 10-60 minutes at 10-60 degrees C, and roasting for 2-6 hours; and immersing into aqueous solution of soluble salt of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal for 10-60 minutes again after it is cooled, and then roasting for 2-8 hours at 350-650 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The reaction coil is made from high thermal conductive and heatproof material and provided with a catalyst. The surface of internal layer in the center of the reverse heat exchanger is placed with high-temperature resistant ceramic material, where low-temperature heat exchanging regions of other outer layers are made of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate comprises stainless steel, iron-nickel alloy or nickel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compositions are prepared by reacting the ingredients at 1-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the pre-treatment step, the mole ratio of oil to methanol is 1:10-12 and the weight ratio of oil to solid acid catalyst is 100:2-8. In the ester exchange reaction, the mole ratio of oil to methanol is 1:5-7 and the weight ratio of oil to solid base catalyst is 100:1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The doped powder is alumina or silicon dioxide powder. The cathode powder is lanthanum strontium manganite, lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite or barium strontium cobaltite ferrite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The cementing agent is also selected from a-terpilenol or ethyl cellulose. The solvent is selected from alcohols, ketones or acyl, which are liquids at normal temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cementing agent is selected from poly(aspartic acid), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl phenol, dibutyl phthalate, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 1000, polyethylene glycol 2000 or polyethylene glycol 4000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The denitriding step employs a denitriding bed made of zeolite, rosasite and modified fly ash having a volume ratio of 3-5:2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The dephosphorizing step employs dephosphorizing bed made of steel slag and blast furnace slag; a broken stone bed made of shale, limestone and gravel; or a bed made of filler having a grain size of 0.8-2 mm and ore having a grain size of 0.5-1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The slurry comprises soluble alkaline material such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The particulate inorganic material is made of alkaline material comprising aluminum, magnesium or calcium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Apart from potassium ion, optionally the salt solution contains another alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal and/or earth metal as a cation, while apart from chloride ion, optionally the salt solution contains a halogen ion, sulfate and/or phosphate. The salt solution contains a surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The spray solution is sprayed onto the plants in a direction at an angle with respect to the plane approximately perpendicular to the stem of the target plants, which plane is generally horizontal, which angle is within the angle range of plus minus 45 degrees , preferably plus minus 30- plus minus 15 degrees . The spray solution is sprayed onto the plants approximately at right angles to the stem of the target plants. The angle of the spraying direction with respect to the horizontal plane and optionally the exit height of the spray solution is chosen depending on the average length of the stem of the plants to be sprayed currently and optionally its angle with respect to the vertical plane. ACTIVITY - Herbicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The spray solution is sprayed onto the target plants in an amount of 200-800 l/ha, preferably 400-700 l/ha, more preferably 500-600 l/ha.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The excess alcohol is removed by depressurizing distillation or by distillation (3a). The neutralization process is carried out with dilute sulfuric acid, and the precipitated sulfate hydrate is separated by filtration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Ir precursor is chloro-iridic acid or iridous chloride; the trivalent soluble cerium salt is cerium nitrate hexahydrate or cerium acetate; and the strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Preferred Composition: The volume of CO in reaction atmosphere when catalyst is applied is not greater than 5%, the volume of H2 is not less than 30%, and the volume ratio of CO to oxygen is 0.5-2. Preferred Method: The drying step is carried out at 40-120 degrees C. The catalyst is pre-processed before catalytic reaction, and the pre-processing comprises reducing at 200-500 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours with hydrogen (H2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises ruthenium (1 wt.%), and auxiliary agent (8-12 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The pyrolysis stage (a) is carried out to give char (II) having a calorific value of at least 75% of that of the starting ligno-cellulosic biomass (I). At least half of the heat supplied to carry out the pyrolysis originates from combustion of biogas from a landfill site. Tar formed during pyrolysis is separated from (II), so that the gasification of (II) provides tar-free synthesis gas. (II) is reduced to powder, to facilitate handling, storage, transport and gasification. The starting material (I) consists of wood, from tree farming, tree farming residues or dismantling of buildings. Gasification of (II) is carried out in optimized manner by a fluidized bed gasification procedure. The stages are carried out in a manner minimizing emission of greenhouse gases. EXAMPLE - No relevant example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition comprises (vol.%): ethanol (15-25), mixture of vegetable oil alkyl esters (24-50), compound (4-12) and/or liquid additive consisting of cold resistance characteristics improving additives, procetane additives, antioxidant additives, detergent additives, antifoam additives and/or lubricity-improving additives. Preferred Components: The liquid compound is 5-7C paraffin cut including isopentane or isohexane. The diesel base fuel or cut comprises diesel cuts obtained from refining, cuts obtained from hydrocracking, synthetic fuels obtained from natural gas, coal or biomass, and/or very highly hydrotreated vegetable oils. The vegetable oil alkyl ester comprises rapeseed oil methyl esters. The diesel base fuel or cut is a synthetic diesel fuel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ions: The metal ion is magnesium ion, aluminum ion, manganese ion, iron ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion or zinc ion. The material can adsorb-desorb gases such as hydrogen, methane, acetylene, carbon dioxide and neon by carrying out structure phase transition with respect to the gases.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The monocarboxylic acid is bonded through a coordinate bond by the carboxyl group and metal ion. The monocarboxylic acid has a functional group chosen from aromatic ring, hydroxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and halo group, which raises the non-bonding interaction. The volatile organic molecules are acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, dimethylformamide or diethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biofuel contains a filter residue of less than 5 mg/kg at 0.8 microns filter. The palm oil fatty acid containing educts exhibit a free fatty acid content of greater than 85 wt.%. The calorific value of the biofuel amounts to at least 36000 J/g. EXAMPLE - Typical biofuel comprised of (in wt.%): monoglycerides (10); diglycerides (35); and triglycerides (55), where the biofuel exhibited a calorific value of 35509 J/g and a free fatty acid content of 1.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (a) is carried out under stirring. The step (b) is carried out at high temperature in relation to room temperature (25 degrees C), preferably 280-350 degrees C. In step (b), the heterogeneous catalyst is used in the ratio of 1:1000-1:10, preferably 1:100-1:10, related to the mass of the dissolved base materials. The step (c) is carried out via a distillation/rectification process (preferred), a membrane process, an extraction process or through displacement of the reaction product with a suitable anti-solvent. The distillation/rectification is carried out under further use of strip gases or under reduced pressure in relation to ambient pressure (1013 hPa). The ionic liquid optionally together with the suspended catalyst is recycled for further use in the process. Preferred Components: The ionic liquid has a structure of formula ((A)+n(Y1)(n-)) (Ia), ((A1)+(A2)+(Y1)(n-)) (IIa) (where n is 2), ((A1)+(A2)+(A3)+(Y1)(n-)) (IIb) (where n is 3), or ((A1)+(A2)+(A3)+(A4)+(Y1)(n-)) (IIc) (where n is 4). The hydrogen source comprises hydrogen and other materials including hydrocarbons. The heterogeneous catalyst comprises an acidic heterogeneous catalyst, which is a zeolite. The heterogeneous catalyst comprises at least one metal, which is nickel, palladium, platinum, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, copper, zinc, molybdenum or tungsten.(A), (A1)-(A4) = quaternary ammonium cation (preferred), oxonium cation, sulfonium cation or phosphonium cation;(Y1)(n-) = two, three or four valent anion, that comprises at least a halo; andn = 1-4. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Shale with high calcium carbonate content is used to provide calcium fluoride (usable in fluorine production); carbon dioxide formed is scavenged with the obtained calcium oxide. The crystalline Si product is converted conventionally into photosilicon; converted into silicon nitride (with energy recovery) by introduction of nitrogen; reacted with pure carbon (obtained in the pyrolysis stage) to give silicon carbide; and/or (after recovery using a vibrating sieve and activation by cauterization) catalytically hydrogenated under pressure to synthesis monosilane (SiH-4), to be extracted from the reaction chamber and converted into longer chain silanes. EXAMPLE - No relevant example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The blowing treatment of wastewater containing ammonia after denickelification comprises pre-heating wastewater until temperature is at 30-60 degrees C, adjusting pH value at 10-11 using 10 wt.% sodium hydroxide or dilute sulfuric acid, putting aerator into wastewater to aerate for 60-90 minutes, adjusting air flow rate so that the volume ratio of gas to liquid of 550:650, and absorbing stripped ammonia gas by dilute sulfuric acid to generate ammonium sulfate for reclaiming.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali in hydrolysis reaction comprises hydroxide or oxide of alkali metal; or hydroxide or oxide and aqueous solution of alkaline earth. The flocculating agent is polyacrylamide, ferric sulfate or polyaluminum chloride. Malysite or/and ferrite comprises iron dichloride, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ferric sulfate, iron chloride, ferrous nitrate, iron acetate, ferric oxalate, ferrous perchloric acid and/or sulfo-ferric sulfate. The nickel and ammonia exist in aqueous solution in a form of nickel hexaammine ion. Preferred Composition: The dilute sulfuric acid for adjusting nickel-ammonia wastewater is prepared from concentrated sulfuric acid and water at volume ratio of 1:2. Aqueous nickel-ammonia solution comprises 1-200 mg/L nickel and 15-3000 mg/L ammonia.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microorganisms comprise methanogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The oxidizing process comprises converting asphaltene components in heavy oil or bitumen into the oxidized fragments. The oxidizing process comprises ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidation, oxidation using iron and hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl radical to attack aromatic rings, or oxidation using ozone, mixture of supercritical water and oxygen, air, sodium hypochlorite, or potassium permanganate. The components of heavy oil or bitumen are depolymerized by oxidizing process. Oxidizing agents are injected into heavy oil or bitumen reservoir in the oxidizing process. In bioconversion process, microorganisms are injected into the reservoir to digest the oxidized fragments. The process of conversion of heavy oil or bitumen to methane further comprises recovering methane, and hydrocarbon recovery process before oxidizing process. The hydrocarbon recovery process comprises steam assisted gravity drainage, cyclic steam stimulation and/or in situ recovery using a solvent. The oxidizing agents are injected into a well to oxidize components of heavy oil or bitumen and then, after the oxidized fragments are formed, microorganisms are injected into the well, and methane is produced from the well. The oxidizing agents and microorganisms are injected into an injection well, mobilizing fluid is injected to mobilize methane towards a producer well, and methane is produced from the producer well. Preferred Condition: The bioconversion process is effected at temperature of 5-73 degrees C. Preferred Component: The oxidized fragments comprise carboxylic acid. The components of heavy oil or bitumen comprise aromatic or aryl groups.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antimicrobial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises blowing argon into reactor for 1-15 minutes after inoculating hydrogen generating slurry. The hydrogen generating slurry is prepared by heating anaerobic particulate sludge in water bath at 80-100 degrees C for 1.5-4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The cattle dung is obtained from cattle farm or beef cattle farm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The method further includes performing fourth methanation reaction prior to subjecting in pressure swing adsorption device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth salt can be nitrate or acetate of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and/or lutetium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid and/or valeric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sorbent is porous magnesium silicate in (1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The refined glycerine acts as initiator added into a reactor in (2). Preferred Components: The low-molecular-weight polylol is cane sugar, sorbic alcohol, mannitol, diethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol; the amine compound is ethylene diamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine and/or toluenediamine in (2). The catalyst is monomethyl amine, dimethyl amine, trimethyl amine, potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide. The oxyalkylene is ethylene oxide and/or propylene epoxide. Preferred Parameters: When ethylene oxide and propylene epoxide are used at the same time, the adding style of the oxyalkylene is adding after mixing or segmented adding of different oxyalkylenes. Preferred Composition: The average molecular weight of the obtained glyceryl polyether polylol is 200-1000 in (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding an alkyl phenylene diamine to the biofuel. The method of improving biofuel involves adding an additive composition comprising the alkyl phenol amine aldehyde condensate (10-10000 parts per million (ppm)) and the alkyl phenylene diamine (10-10000 ppm) to the biofuel. Preferred Fuel: The biofuel comprises (ppm): combustible hydrocarbons; alkyl phenol amine aldehyde condensate ((10-10000)); and alkyl phenylene diamine (10-10000). Preferred Components: The additive (A1) further comprises an alkyl phenylene diamine compound of formula (II). The alkyl phenol amine aldehyde condensate is a compound of formula (I).R1 and R2=straight or branched 1-20C alkyl;x=1-5. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The methane-fermentation-treatment method involves pressure-reducing by opening the processing container sealed on dehydration in normal pressure. The solubilization process is processed using by introducing heating pressurization vapor as subcritical water such that the waste is maintained in subcritical state in normal pressure. The sludge contained in the digestive liquid is discharged from methane-fermentation tank is returned to processing container, and subcritical water treatment is carried out. Preferred Condition: The pressure in the pressure-reduction state is 5x 10-10-10x 10-3 MPa. The temperature and pressure after introducing heat pressurization vapor is 150-240 degrees C and 0.5-3 MPa, respectively. Preferred Apparatus: The methane-fermentation-treatment apparatus has emission exhaust valve which evaporated water vapor by reducing the normal pressure of water treatment apparatus and return unit which returns solid content concentrates of digestive liquid discharged from fermentation tank, and thickened sludge obtained by concentration of water treatment apparatus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The temperature of refined naphtha and ammonia is raised by exhaust heat of an engine intercode-1 turbo charger exit and bypass line of a heat exchanger. The turbo charger of the engine is 1.5 times or more from normal turbo charger. A double pipe is inserted in the exhaust heat line of the engine, and exhaust heat temperature is made into high temperature state. The fuel cell works from the generated hydrogen. The engine is worked using and unrefined gasoline. The required electric power of system is supplied by electric power produced in the fuel cell. The fuel cell is worked effectively by using air pressure of the turbo charger. Air is purified using an accurate filter (P).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A catalyst used for decomposition of refined naphtha and ammonia comprises nickel-type catalyst, and silica, alumina and zeolite as support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The molar ratio of refined naphtha and ammonia in the mixture is 1-4. The refined naphtha and ammonia are decomposed using 1/3-2/3 of exhaust heat of the engine. Preferred Components: The ammonia contains hydrocarbon and hydrite. A slow hydrogen substance and partial hydrogen of ammonia are included in the unrefined gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The CNTs comprise at least one of single-wall CNTs, few-wall CNTs, and multi-wall CNTs. The ferritins are cationized ferritins. A metal used in making the ferritins is selected from cobalt, copper, gold, iron, manganese, nickel, palladium, platinum, platinum-ruthenium alloy, ruthenium, ruthenium tungsten alloy, and silver. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves: sonicating the resulting solution containing the CNTs with the ferritins electostatically attached to it.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic alkyl chain is at least approximately 0.45 nm in length. The buffer material comprises 3-(N-morpholino)-propanesulfonic acid (1.05-50 wt.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The bacterial genetic substance is bacterial RNA.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further comprises 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTH), ethephon, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate or DL- beta -amino-n-butyric acid. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The load of platinum (Pt) and iridium (Ir) with respect to zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is not greater than 1:0.1-1 in mass ratio. The aqueous solution containing Ir compound and Pt compound is aqueous solution with pH of less than or equal to 3. The Ir compound aqueous solution has pH of less than or equal to 3. The Pt compound aqueous solution has pH of greater than or equal to 12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Temperature for acclimatization and running is 15-40 degrees C. Flow rate of water is 15 L/hour, and hydraulic retention lasts for 2 hours. The active sludge is from the aeration tank in sewage treatment plant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PBS granules are produced from Sushi Company, Nanjing with starch as the main ingredient, and have a grain size of 0.5 cm. The filling height of the PBS granules is 3/4 height of the reactor (with a size of 30 cm by 150 cm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic binder is high sulfur soil curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The number of metallic hooks fixed at the bottom for each sludge biological floating island unit is 6 or 9, when there are 9 metallic hooks, the length for each porous high molecular light suspended carrier is 50-60 cm, width is 10-15 cm, thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm; and when there are 6 metallic hooks, the length for each porous high molecular light suspended carrier is 60-80 cm, width is 20-30 cm, and thickness is 0.5-0.8 cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The light material is electrostatic precipitate foam particle. The porous high molecular light suspended carrier is polyethylene or polypropylene semiflexible carrier. The biofilm carrier units are flexibly connected with sludge biological floating island units through metallic hook and rope-form flexible material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gas phase obtained from the separation of crude methanol and water is conveyed to the water scrubbing tower to be scrubbed through two processes; the first process is to scrub by dilute methanol solution discharged from tower kettle, and the second process is to scrub by the water containing no methanol, here the methanol solution with high concentration is discharged from the tower kettle quantificationally, and the solution is mixed with the methanol from the separator for crude methanol to be conveyed to the rectifying system to rectify. The gas phase obtained from the separation of crude methanol and water is conveyed to an absorbing system to recover the methanol by absorption method; the recovered methanol is mixed with the methanol from the separator for crude methanol to be conveyed to the rectifying system to rectify. The absorbing system is a continuous operating system composed of a tower A and a tower B; after absorbed by the adsorbent to saturation, it needs to regenerate and recover the methanol; after regenerating in the tower A, switch to the tower B to absorb.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anion is tetrafluoroborate anion, hexafluoroborate anion, nitrate anion, tetrachloroaluminate anion, heptachlorodialuminate anion, chlorine ion, and/or bromine anion. The salt is potassium thiocyanate, sodium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, zinc chloride, cupric chloride, sodium bromide, and/or potassium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid in the multi-element mixed solvent is at 1.0-95%. The salt in the multi-element mixed solvent is at 0.5-20%. The cation of ionic liquid is imidazole cation, alkyl imidazole cation, alkyl quat. ammonium ion, alkyl quat. phosphine ion, and/or N-alkyl substituted pyridine. The ionic liquid is dimethylformamide potassium thiocyanate and/or dimethylformamide sodium thiocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The phosphorus accumulating bacteria is obtained by isolating river bottom mud, adding to enriched culture medium for 3 days and culturing under shaking condition at a speed of 150 rpm at pH of 6.5-8.0, preferably 7.2-7.4 and temperature of 25-35 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C, increasing content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the culture medium after the culture medium changes to turbidity, and separating the microorganisms using separation culture medium at 30 degrees C. Preferred Components: The enriched culture medium comprises (in g) sodium acetate (5), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.5), calcium chloride (0.2), ammonium sulfate (2), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2-20 mg), trace element solution (1 ml), and distilled water (1000 ml), and the pH is 7.2-7.4. The separation culture medium comprises beef extract (3), peptone (10), sodium chloride (5), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (15 mg), agar (15-20), and distilled water (1000 ml), and the pH is 7.2-7.4. Preferred Microorganism: The phosphorus accumulating bacteria belongs to Pseudomonas genus and forms white, smooth, wet and non-transparent colonies which are rod-shaped with 2 mm diameter, 0.7-0.8 mu m width and 2.0-2.8 mu m length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the former to the latter in each group of enzyme is 1:5-10 in compound enzyme.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ventilating pipe network uses polyvinyl chloride pipes each with diameter smaller than or equal to 110 millimeters and provided with spaced apart ventilating holes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The viscosity polysaccharide is biodegradable. The composting regulator further comprises water absorptive fiber material and polysaccharide degradation enzyme. The water absorptive fiber material is vegetable organic material chosen from pulp, bark, sawdust, chaff, rice straw, corn lees, bagasse, soybean cake, wheat bran, rapeseed lees, coffee powder, tea leaves, rice bran, and soybean curd residue. The polysaccharide degradation enzyme is chosen from cellulose degradation enzyme and hemicellulolytic enzyme. The polysaccharide degradation enzyme has activity in basic domain. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The acidiferous oil has acid value of 1-15, preferably 3-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid acid includes sodium bisulfate, potassium bisulfate and/or titanium sulfate. The solid alkali includes mesoporous calcium oxide or mixture of mesoporous calcium oxide and mesoporous magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The acid number of the oil is 7-100, preferably 7-80.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is homogeneous acid catalyst including sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The catalyst is heterogeneous catalyst including large aperture cation exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further comprises maintaining temperature and pressure to balance the carbon dioxide hydrate with hydrogen sulfide hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The compressor is a turbine compressor, fan compressor or hydraulic compressor. The refrigerator is an evaporation-type refrigerator, absorbing or absorption refrigerator, or jet refrigerator. The refrigeration pipe comprises a copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The distillation in (a) is normal distillation, vacuum distillation, normal rectification or rectification under vacuum. The hydrolysis occurs in base condition or neutral condition. Preferred Component: The distillate in (a) is made into oleum with sulfuric acid for oxidizing methane. The product from bottom of the tower in (b) is made into oleum with SO3 for oxidizing methane.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferably, the biosynthetic diesel oil comprises (vol.%) biosynthetic diesel oil (30), waste rubber oil cooled by distilling (20), wash oil cooled by distilling (20), petroleum (20), alkane (9.985), and cetane number additive (0.015). Preferred Components: The cetane number additive is ethyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, or isooctyl nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation comprises taking proper marine microalgae after filtration and drying, and grinding seaweed meal; adding mixed solvent of absolute ether and petroleum ether at ratio of 1:2, and shaking uniformly; adding potassium hydroxide (10 wt.%) to precipitate frustules, centrifuging for 10-15 minutes at rotation speed of 4000 rpm, and removing supernatant fluid; and steaming redundant solvent at 60 degrees C water bath and weighing to determine content of fatty acid of the algal strains. Preferred Conditions: The selection of the algal strains having high content of the fatty acid comprises taking the fatty acid content of different algal strains as the index, and selecting out the algal strains containing high fatty acid to cultivate in large scale. The large scale cultivation of algal strains comprises cultivating the algal strains inoculated into seawater culture fluid, with incipient culture density of 0.5x 105-1.0x 105, illumination intensity of 60-120 mu mol/m2.second, illumination time for 12-24 hours, at 25-35 degrees C, where algal strains are cultivated by filtration and inflation the air, when fatty acid content of the marine microalgae is more than 30%; and collecting marine microalgae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The catalyst is potassium hydroxide completely dissolved in solvent, and added to the pre-heated seed oil. The alkali solution is aqueous solution of strong or medium strong alkali, preferably aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ester exchange reaction is conducted at 30-65 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours, and the reaction product is allowed to stand for not less than 4 hours. The waste liquor is distilled at reduced or normal pressure to remove methanol or ethanol, then added with acid solution (20-60%), reacted at 30-90 degrees C for 10-120 minutes while stirring, and added with strong inorganic acid or medium strong acid (preferably sulfuric acid) to the concentrate. After reaction, the aqueous acid solution is transferred into a separator, allowed to stand for 0.5-2 (preferably 1) hours to separate crude fatty acid, neutralized to 4-7 (preferably 6) pH value using 20-80% alkali solution, filtered, added with 75-100% absolute ethyl alcohol to remove inorganic salt, and allowed to stand at 10-30 (preferably 0) degrees C for not less than 0.5 hours. The molecular distillation is conducted at 60-120 (preferably 80-200) degrees C under 1000-10000 (preferably 5-500) Pa vacuum pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is chosen from one or more of calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate, castor oil ethoxylates, styrene polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, magnesium salt of alkyl biphenyl ether disulfonic acid, ammonium salt of triethanolamine, phenethyl phenol polyoxypropylene ether, agrimul 300#, agrimul 500#, agrimul 600#, agrimul A, agrimul B and agrimul 700#. The solvent is chosen from one or more of methylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, ethanol, cyclohexanone, seed fat, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-caprylyl pyrrolidone. The latent solvent is chosen from one or more of methanol, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, glycol and propanediol. The antifreezing agent is chosen from one or more of glycol, propanediol and glycerin. The stabilizer is chosen from one or more of butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, polyvinyl ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and sodium sorbate. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The separated low-carbon alcohol and cosolvent when the reaction is over are purified and used repeatedly; the filtered solid acid is recycled; pure glycerin obtained by distilling the mixture is used for commercially producing. The animal and plant oil is selected from pig, sheep, cow, fox, chicken or duck oil, soybean oil, transgene soybean oil, rap oil, transgene rap oil, castor oil, palm oil, peanut oil and sunflower oil. Additionally, the low-carbon alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol and butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The holocellulose is prepared by an alkali method, has purity of 85% (preferably 78%), and comprises cellulose (65-77, preferably 58-68%) and polypentose (8-14, preferably 5-15%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ethanol diesel oil comprises (wt.%) ethanol (80-90, preferably 85); naphthenic acid, sodium naphthenate, cobalt naphthenate or manganese naphthenate (0.2-0.8, preferably 0.6) as antiseptic agent; isobutyl alcohol or butanol (3-8, preferably 4) as solvent; acetone or cyclohexane (0.5-1.5, preferably 1) as cosolvent; hexadecane or amyl nitrate (0.3-0.4, preferably 0.4) as additive; and triethylaluminum (5-15, preferably 9) as an improving agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biodiesel oil is soybean oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil or waste oil. The surfactant is formed by mixing polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether OP-4 with OP-7 at a ratio of 4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Ion: The wastewater contains chromium oxide (Cr2O72-, CrO42-), arsenic oxide (AsO32-, AsO42-), copper (Cu2+), mercury (Hg2+), silver (Ag+), cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+), zinc (Zn2+), manganese (Mn2+) and iron ion. Preferred Component: The wastewater is filtered using a filter bed containing limestone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: A soluble organic hydrocarbon is used in treatment method of acid wastewater containing heavy metal. The organic hydrocarbon is a water-soluble organic compound that can be decomposed and metabolized by microorganism, or a hydrolyzed fermented liquid product from biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The compost preferably comprises (in weight%) wooden meal (62), wheat bran (15), cotton seed hulls (20), plaster (1), lime (1) and glucose (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganisms: The aerobic microorganisms are cultured from chicken manure or dairy manure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic waste contains high cellulose. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The metabolites are e.g. lower alcohols, aldehydes and acids, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Product production and methane production are performed in a single bioreactor, especially in zones separated by a membrane, or product production is performed in a first bioreactor and methane production is performed in a second bioreactor continuously supplied with by-products from the first bioreactor. The methane is supplied to an energy converter to generate electricity and/or heat. The methanogen is Methanosaricina mazei or M. acetivorans. The bioreactor also contains Acetobacter woodi or Clostridium aceticum for converting metabolites to acetic acid, hydrogen or carbon dioxide. Vapor condensate from the first separator is recycled to the bioreactor. Nutrients and substrates from the second separator are recycled to the bioreactor. EXAMPLE - 1,3-Propanediol is produced by fermenting glucose or glycerol with a Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Lactobacillus or Clostridium bacterium. The metabolites for generating methane are acetate, ethanol, formate, butyrate, succinate, lactate, 2,3-butanediol, carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The electricity generating module (A) is a wind power plant; or a water power plant, specifically based on a turbine or a wave-power machine fixed to a floating body. For CO2 absorption (B), the air stream is contacted (optionally after moistening) in countercurrent with alkaline scrubbing liquor; and/or rotor blades and/or masts of wind power modules (A) are provided with hydrophobic, microporous CO2 absorbing membranes (preferably coated with hygroscopic material). CO2 desorption (C) is carried out by acidification, optionally followed by electrodialysis. Electrochemical hydrogen synthesis (D) is carried out by high temperature electrolysis of water (optionally after desalination). The catalytic synthesis module (E) is a methanol synthesis plant, including a copper-containing catalyst and optionally associated with a distillation unit; or a methane synthesis plant, including a nickel-containing catalyst and preferably supplied with carbon monoxide generated under reductive conditions from carbonate obtained in the desorption module. Alternatively CO2 desorption (C) is carried out by solar thermal calcination, and the hydrogen synthesis (D) is also a solar thermal process. CO2 absorption (B) is especially carried out by a wet chemical process using a scrubbing solution containing a volatility reducing agent; or by a dry chemical process, in which case desorption (C) is dry chemical desorption under a layer of hydrogen. The power station is preferably installed on a floating body; or especially on a set of two or more floating bodies, a first group of which contain modules (A)-(E) and a second group of which contain module (F) or a first group of which contain module (A) (specifically a wave power machine) and a second group of which contain modules (B)-(F).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The amylase processing is carried out by heat resistant amylase or alpha -amylase and glucoamylase. The fermentation processing is carried out using Zymomonas. The Palm family plant timber is obtained from oil palm with age of 20 years or more and has upper portion of truck with height of 5 m, preferably 6.5 m. Preferred Properties: The amylase processing is carried out at 70-100 degrees C or 40-70 degrees C. The composition of monosaccharide has hexose content of 85 weight% or more. The ethanol from wood type biomass is added to fuel ethanol with concentration of 10% v/v or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction mixture is not heated to a temperature higher than 30 degrees C. Preferred Components: The peroxy acid is peroxybenzoic acid or a substituted peroxybenzoic acid, preferably m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Preferred Definitions:    R = tert-octyl;    R1, R2 = H; and    R3, R4 = tert-butyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Disclosed compound (I) is prepared i.e 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(N-tert-octyl) nitronyl phenol of formula (Ia).    EXAMPLE - 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9.859 g) followed by toluene (100 ml) with vigorous stirring was added to a nitrogen charged flask (250 ml) equipped with a Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene) coated magnetic stirrer, a thermometer, nitrogen gas flow, addition funnel, and a Dean-Stark apparatus equipped with a condenser and a receiver. Tert-octylamine (5.8 g) was added into the reaction via addition funnel. The reaction flask was slowly heated at 60 degrees C. The reaction was monitored for 2 hours at 60 degrees C. Then the temperature was raised to 110 degrees C. Solution of m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) (10.18 g) in ethyl acetate (100 ml) was made in a beaker and transferred into the addition funnel. The reaction flask was cooled to 0 degrees C. Once the temperature reached 0 degrees C, the solution of MCPBA from the feed funnel was fed in to the reaction flask slowly over 45-60 minutes, while maintaining the temperature at 0 degrees C. The reaction mixture was held for 2 hours at 0 degrees C. The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 2-8 hours at room temperature and worked up to give 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(N-tert-octyl)nitronyl phenol (12.1 g).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Processes: The denatured slurry is anaerobically digested, to produce biogas. The denatured slurry is preferably fractionated based on molecular weight, density and size. Then, the fractionated product(s) is further subjected to anaerobic-digestion. The fractionated product(s) is fibrous fraction and/or fatty acid fraction. The infectious organic waste material is comminuted into particles containing organic material having desired size for heat-processing and steam penetration, and then the infectious organic waste material is introduced into the reactor. The comminuted particles of organic material have particle size of 50 mm or less. The infectious organic waste material does not containing additional fibers, oxidizing agent, acid compound and alkaline compound is introduced into the reactor. The denatured organic slurry is fractionated to form a liquid fraction and a solid fraction, and fractionation process is performed in decanter centrifuge. The liquid fraction is further fractionated in a disk stack centrifuge, and provides at least two liquid fractions. The denatured slurry or fractionated product(s) is further dehydrated. Preferred Conditions: The reaction mixture is subjected to saturated steam at 150-200 degrees C, preferably 180 degrees C and pressure of 5-15 bar for 20-60 minutes, preferably 40 minutes. EXAMPLE - Dead chickens (in kg) (20), vertebral column and trim bones of plant (60), beef skulls and hooves (73), composite (61) of inedible beef organs, intestinal tissue, stomach paunch manure and pig skulls, cardboard package (52) containing waste vegetables and food scraps, and water were mixed and thermally hydrolyzed in BioRefinex (RTM: high pressure reactor). The reaction mixture was preheated using steam, anaerobically treated, agitated and depressurized, to obtain hydrolyzed-sterile-denatured product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: The dehydration adjuvant is combustible particles with particle diameter of less than or equal to 50 mm, specific gravity of less than or equal to 3 and moisture content of less than or equal to 75 mass%. Preferred Method: The heat source is solar heat and/or heat generated from fermentation of the organic waste. The dehydrated organic waste is pulverized after drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises (in weight%) metal component (5 or less) such as copper (1-5), zinc (1-5), or palladium (1-5), and alumina (95 or more). Preferred Process: Hydrogen is produced by converting methanol to hydrogen gas by autothermal steam reforming process in the presence of both oxygen and steam using a catalyst comprising copper, zinc, or palladium as metal component supported on alumina. Preferred Condition: The autothermal steam reforming process is performed at reaction temperature of 180-280 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The micro-organism is a bluegreen alga, a cyanobacterium, a green alga, Chlorella, a green sulfur bacteria, a green non-sulfur bacteria, Euglena, a diatom, Cyclotella cryptica and a micromonad. The fatty acid-containing substances are triglycerides or phospholipids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol or isobutanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The lignocellulose is converted into an organic acid using microorganism by hydrolyzing the lignocellulose by two-stage pressurized hot water method of low temperature and high temperature. The two-stage pressurized hot water method involves converting the obtained pentose, hexose oligosaccharides and uronic acid, and the substance derived from lignin, to acetic acid using anaerobic homo-type acetic acid fermentation microbe of Clostridium genus which can assimilate the substances. Oligosaccharide and cellulose are converted into hexose with anaerobic hetero-type acetic acid fermentation microbe using cellulose as substrate. The anaerobic homo-type fermentation microbe which can convert formic acid and/or lactic acid into acetic acid is made to react and the cellulose is converted to acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The oil component and solid content are separated from aqueous solution. The liquid is supplied to fermentation portion. The waste oil in the foodstuff waste material is hardened into agar form, and absorbed into newspaper. The oil component remained in the solid substance is decomposed by adding lipase to saccharification portion as enzyme. The solid substance which is not separated during solid-liquid-separation process is removed using mesh having screen size of 0.1-10 mm. The foreign substances such as plastic, paper, chopstick, metal and crustacean are separated using filter-type squeezer, vibrating strainer apparatus, punching metal and net. The concentration of the saccharified liquid containing sugar content, salt content and suspended solid is measured using Brix meter. The saccharified liquid is discharged, when the concentration is more than regulation value. The residue separated as solid content during solid-liquid-separation process is processed with refuse treatment apparatus which incinerates or melts waste material other than foodstuff waste material. The separated oil component is used as reclaimed-oil fuel, and raw material of biodiesel fuel containing fatty acid methyl ester. Anaerobic fermentation of residue separated as solid content, is carried out. The recovery combustible gas is used as incineration of heat-of-fusion source of waste treatment equipment, or heating stream source of ethanol plant. The refined ethanol is used as alcohol for trans-esterification and/or esterification process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of wood meal particles or herb powder particles is 1-70 weight%, and content of lubricant talc particles is 3-20 weight%. Preferred Component: The particles of charcoal are used for substitution of wood meal particles or herb powder particles. The wood meal particles are obtained from wood fiber, wood meal and wood chip.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic particles are obtained from polypropylene, polystyrene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin. An additive such as colorant, stable material, foaming agent and processing auxiliary agent is used in the plastic molding process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zirconium sulfate is solid zirconium sulfate. The titanium oxide is solid titanium oxide. Preparation: Preparation method of the biodiesel composite catalyst comprises: (a) mixing: mixing 25-30 wt.% of solid zirconium sulfate and 20-25 wt.% of solid titanium oxide, stirring evenly; adding in 10-15 wt.% of zinc oxide and 15-20 wt.% of ferric sulfate and mixing to obtain the mixture; (b) swelling: adding the obtained mixture in the 20-25 wt.% of bentonite for swelling and loading; (c) pelleting: adding the product obtained in (b) into a pelletizer for pelleting so the catalyst grain is obtained; (d) calcining: sending the catalyst grain into a calciner, and then calcining at a temperature of 580-620 degrees C; (e) magnetization: adding moderate scrap iron for magnetization; (f) inspecting; and (g) measuring and packaging.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic sulfur oxidizing catalyst includes molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and magnesium molybdate (MgMoO4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material with hydrocarbon having diesel boiling range includes heterocyclic compounds with sulfur. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of recycled flow to fresh material is 0.1:1-4:1. The recycled flow includes organic peroxide of hydrogen with oxygen content at 50-5000 wppm. The weight ratio of oxygen to fresh material is 0.001:1-0.01:1. Preferred Method: The preparation further includes reacting flow with organic peroxide and organic sulfur oxidizing catalyst to form a flow including hydrocarbon and sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol comprises methane and/or ethanol. The solid base comprises mesoporous calcium oxide and mesoporous calcium oxide magnesia mixture. Preferred Method: The stirring uses ordinary stirring or ultrasonic stirring. Preferred Properties: The acid value of acidiferous oil is 7-20. The acid value of low acid value oil is not greater than 7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The synthesis is done at 350-550 degrees C and a pressure of 0.7-3 MPa using an iron series catalyst. The water is obtained by absorbing vapor in the air using a deliquescence agent which is heated to obtain distilled water. Preferred Component: The absorber is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binder is taintless normal binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The separation step comprises putting reaction liquid in bathing, and separating the ester phase at upper layer to obtain biodiesel; or distilling to remove the unreacted low carbon alcohol or mixture of unreacted low carbon alcohol and cosolvent, and separating the ester phase to obtain the biodiesel. Preferred Condition: The reaction is carried out at 55-120 degrees C for 2-100 minutes. Preferred Composition: Mole ratio of plant oil to low carbon alcohol is 1:6-1: 30. The catalyst is present at 0.1-5 wt.% of the plant oil. Preferred Component: The N-heterocyclic carbene carbon dioxide adduct is one or more of formulae (I)-(IV), e.g. group of formulae (I)-(III). The plant oil is soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, colza oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, palm oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, China wood oil, mastic oil, or physic nut seed oil. The low carbon alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol or n-butyl alcohol.R1, R2=1-10C alkyl optionally substituted by A; 3-6C cycloalkyl; or Ph optionally substituted by D;A=halo, OH, Ph, or CN;D=halo, OH, alkyl, or CN; andR3, R4=H, halo, CN, OH, 1-4C alkyl optionally substituted by A, or Ph optionally substituted by D.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The supporter contains 25-75 wt.% of cerium oxide. The catalyst contains 5-15 wt.% of nickel. Preferred Process: A hydrocarbon of tar is steam reformed by disassembly tar in presence of catalyst at 500-750 degrees C by supplying catalyst into reactor containing tar generated by biomass gasification process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fermenting Bed: The pad is prepared by (i) preparing the fermenting raw material, making ratio of carbon to nitrogen as 40:1-60:1, water content as -50%, making grain diameter as 0.32-1.27 cm, pH value at 6.5-7.5 and Carbon/Phosphorus ratio 75-150:1; and (ii) adding the fermenting fungicide to the fermenting material according to 1-2/1000 of weight ratio to pile and ferment. The fermenting fungicide of the step (ii) comprises 5.0 x 108 to 1.0 x 1010 cfu/mL S. cerevisiae, 5.0 x 108 to 1.0 x 1010 cfu/mL L. plantarum, 1.0 x 102 to 5.0 x 104 cfu/mL M. racemosus, and 5.0 x 103 to 5.0 x 104 cfu/mL A. oryzae. The method for preparing the fermenting raw material in the step (i) is taking one or more of wooden meal, rice hull, broken straw, mushroom residues or furfural residues as main material, adding suitable materials, making the ratio of carbon to nitrogen 40:1-60:1, water content is 45-50%, making grain diameter to 0.32-1.27 cm, pH value at 6.5-7.5 and Carbon/Phosphorus ratio of 75-150; where the materials are selected from pig manure, rice bran, wheat bran, grass peat, calcium oxide, ordinary superphosphate, powdered rock phosphate, brown sugar and molasses. The fermenting bed further comprises a venting port double as exudates outlet in outside bottom of the pad groove. The pad groove occupies 65-74% area and it is 50-80 cm lower than the hard ground terrace. Preferred Method: In the method for keeping pig using the fermenting bed, the method for sterilizing the pad is throwing fresh wooden meal or straw powder or rice bran on the pad surface, spraying right amount of the fermenting fungicide, after mixing uniformly, adjusting moisture to 40-50% and piling it, keeping temperature for 24 hours at 50 degrees C, where the fermenting fungicide is described above.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: The mol ratio of the moleplant seed oil to methanol, ethanol or mixture of methanol and ethanol is 1:3-1:15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing methanol gasoline fuel comprises preparing light oil: respectively weighing gasoline and naphtha; mixing gasoline and naphtha according to the weigh ratio of 1: 3 to obtain light oil; preparing combustion-supporting nanometer-sized additive: respectively weighing nanometer-sized durable agent and the gasoline nanometer-sized additive and mixing nanometer-sized durable agent and the gasoline nanometer-sized additive according to weight ratio of 1:19; preparing; preparing latent solvent: weighing acetone and methylal and mixing uniformly acetone and methylal according to the weight ratio of 1:3.2 and uniformly mixing to obtain latent solvent; preparing methanol gasoline fuel: weighing the components according to weight part; adding combustion-supporting nanometer-sized additive into the mixing kettle; adding latent solvent, light oil, toluol and dicyclopentadienyl iron in turn; adding methanol in the mixing kettle; and mixing uniformly to obtain methanol gasoline fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The marsh gas is collected by water discharging gas collection method performed using saturated saline solution. The method involves adding suitable quantity of water into Enteromorpha and treating the Enteromorpha using high speed tissue blender for 3-5 minutes, to obtain Enteromorpha of 0.5-2 mm size. The inoculum is cow, pig or human excrement, or secondary settling sludge from sewage treatment plant. The alkali is at least one chosen from calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ammonia, and plant ash. During the fermentation process, fermentation liquid is blended and vibrated each day. When the gas yield/day is reduced to less than 5% of average gas yield/day, new raw materials are supplemented. Preferred Organism: The Enteromorpha is chosen from E.linza, E.flexuosa, E.clathrata and E.intestinalis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The lipase is lipase of Candida antarctica, Rhizomucor miehe, Thermomyces lanuginosus or Aspergillus oryzae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The lipase is in a form of liquid or powder, and is lipase of yeast, mildew, bacterium or other microorganisms. The different lipases are independently used or used in combination.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The membrane is metal membrane, organic membrane, ceramic membrane or inorganic membrane including molecular sieve membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The short chain alcohol is added intermittently in several batches and several times, or added continuously, at not greater than 3 mol each time. The short chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol. The oil as raw material is a bio-oil including vegetable oil, animal fat, waste edible oil, residue obtained from refining oil or microorganism oil. The vegetable oil is castor oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, maize oil, cottonseed oil, rice oil, physic nut oil, shiny leaf yellow horn oil or barbados nut oil. The animal fat is fish oil or lard. The microorganism oil is yeast oil or microalgae oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Manufacturing the mixed fuel comprises: (a) dewatering the combustive sludge, where the water weight in the combustive sludge is 15-40%; (b) making the biomass into powder; and (c) mixing the dewatered combustive sludge with the powdered biomass according to the ratio above, after mixing, compressing and extruding them to be cylindrical to obtain the finished product. Preferred Composition: Preferably, the weight ratio of materials is 2-3 parts of combustive sludge and 1 part of biomass. Specifically, the weight ratio of materials is 2 parts of combustive sludge and 1 part of biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cobalt comprises cobalt acetate or cobalt nitrate as precursor. Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises H-beta/mordenite (97-99 wt.%), and cobalt (1-3 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The strain H10 (9-11, preferably 10 vol.%) is inoculated to culture medium, and cultured at 35 degrees C and pH value of 7.2-7.8 (preferably 7.5) in nitrogen (99.99 mass%) for 47-49 (preferably 48) hours. The strain H10 (9-11, preferably 10 vol.%) is transferred to hydrogen producing substrate, and fermented in anaerobic condition at 34 degrees C and pH value of 7.2-7.8 (preferably 7.5) and 95-105 (preferably 100) rpm in nitrogen (99.99 mass%) for 23-25 (preferably 24) hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed using yeast. The method further involves desugaring the dregs before drying the dregs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluent comprises water, methane, ethane, propane, butane, recycled syngas, nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide, waste gases and/or combustion stack gases.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step for producing ethanoic acid by carbonylation of methanol involves contacting methanol with carbon monoxide, in the liquid reaction composition comprising ethanoic acid, iridium catalyst, methyl iodide, water, and ruthenium, osmium and/or indium as promoter. The hydrogenation unit is operated in a mixed gas/liquid phase. The feed mixture introduced into the reactor is always below its dew point temperature. Preferred Composition: The concentration of water in the liquid reaction composition is 0.1-15 weight%, preferably 1-15 weight%, more preferably 1-10 weight%. The molar ratio of hydrogen to mixture of ethanoic acid and ethyl ethanoate is more than 2:1 preferably more than 4:1 and more preferably more than 5:1, and is less than 100:1, preferably less than 50:1, and more preferably less than 15:1. The carbon monoxide fed to the carbonylation reactor and hydrogen fed to the hydrogenation unit emanates from the separation of synthesis gas. Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst used in the hydrogenation unit is a palladium-based catalyst, which comprises palladium, and preferably rhenium and/or silver supported on carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Materials: The source material originates from the mechanical or thermo-mechanical treatment of wood or from a cultivated plant. It originates from recycled fiber, sugar beet pulp, chaff, straw, bran, grain granules, whole cultivable crop, cultivated plant, thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) pulp, medium density fiber (MDF) pulp, microbial mass, swampy or submerged biomass, biomass from the catchment areas of cellulose mills, biomass from municipal waste, or biomass from municipal sewage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Enzymes are added to the biomaterial treatment solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Treating the precipitate comprises treating with a strong acid and separating the precipitate and filtrate or alternatively acidifying the precipitate, grinding it mechanically or thermo-mechanically and separating the precipitate and the filtrate. The filtrate is further decolorized, pH-adjusted and/or added with water to render the filtrate more suitable for growing microorganisms. Preferred Materials: The filtrate contains 0.5-30 (preferably 4-5) wt.% sugars usable in the production of lipid. EXAMPLE - Oat chaff was treated to yield a mixture containing 23.8 g/L glucose, 93.3 g/L xylose, 37.1 g/L arabinose, and 9.0 g/L galactose. This mixture was added as a culture medium for lipid-synthesizing yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodotorula glutinis as a 1:1 dilution and as a corresponding dilution supplemented with glucose at 11 g/L. Culture was carried out for 68 hours at 28 degrees C and 250 rpm with a culture volume of 50 mL. The yeasts were able to grow and synthesize lipid without requiring the addition of other nutrients.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The enzyme is lipase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alkaline inorganic compound is group 1 and/or group 2 metal containing alkaline inorganic compound, preferably zeolite or sodium carbonate. The zeolite is A-type zeolite or zeolite having ignition loss of 15 wt.% or more at 860 degrees C. The aluminum oxide or hydroxide has Brunauer Emmett Teller specific surface area of more than 100 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction accelerator is added in an amount of 0.01-1.0 weight parts with respect to 100 weight parts of the waste clay and the enzyme is added in the solvent in an amount of 0.1-10 weight parts. The lower monohydric alcohol is methanol. Preferred Process: The reaction is performed at 20-50 degrees C. Alternately, organic solvent, waste clay, enzyme, lower monohydric alcohol and reaction accelerator are added to a reaction container and stir-mixed to obtain the biofuel. The fats and oils in the waste clay are reacted with lower monohydric alcohol and an ester is produced. EXAMPLE - 4A-type zeolite (in g) (1.4) was added to waste clay containing 33 wt.% of fats and oils, methanol (3.1), light oil (54.7) and lipase (0.068), and stirred at 25 degrees C to obtain methyl ester with conversion ratio of 91% after 168 hours. The obtained methyl ester was used as biofuel. The produced biofuel contained 5 ppm of sodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Additive(s) including acids, bases, oxidizing agents or reducing agents, are introduced to pumpable feedstock before the feedstock and additive mixture is pressurized. The additives comprise carbonates, hydroxides and bicarbonates. The additive of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate is added to feedstock to form feedstock and additive mixture containing greater than or equal to 5% additive. The feedstock comprises algae added with additive of calcium carbonate to form feedstock and additive mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive particles comprise reducing metals such as aluminum, magnesium and manganese, which enhance gasification by redox reactions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises molten tin; or molten tin alloyed with at least a second metal. The second metal is selected from lead, indium, bismuth, copper, antimony, and silver. The molten tin alloyed with the second metal has a lower melting point than the melting point of unalloyed tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves removing the products from the reaction zone, where all of the catalyst remains in the reaction zone; heating the reaction zone to a reaction temperature, where the reaction temperature is greater than or equal to the melting point of the catalyst; establishing an operating pressure in the reaction zone, where the operating pressure is greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure. Preferred Components: The feedstock oil of the reactants is selected from tri-glycerides, di-glycerides, mono-glycerides, and free fatty acids. The alcohol of the reactants comprises a short chain linear alcohol or a branched alcohol (preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol, especially wet ethanol). The molar ratio of the alcohol to the feedstock oil is 3:1 to 50:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The additional amount of biodiesel fuel is 5-60 mass% with respect to light oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Fragrance is included in the aerosol fragrance composition at a concentration of 8-10 wt.%. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is monohydric alcohols, glycols, acetone, 5-9C hydrocarbon solvents, esters, and/or diesters. It is ethanol. The propellant is propane, isobutane, n-butane, dimethyl ether, and/or 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a). Preferred Parameter: The metered dose is 20-185, preferably 60 mu l. EXAMPLE - Aerosol fragrance composition was prepared from (wt.%): TAKASAGO RL 1610/1(RTM: fragrance) (20), propane/isobutane/n-butane (55), and ethanol (25).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquefied hydrocarbon is N-butane, isobutane, or an isobutane and propane blend.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The activated carbon which dispersed metallic lithium in pore is used as methane adsorption agent. The method further soaks activated carbon to alcohol which dissolved lithium halide as preparation method of activated carbon which is used as methane adsorption agent, repeats and supports drying, and heat processes by 200-600 degrees C temperature conditions under hydrogen coexistence to remove halogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The non-pathogenic bacteria use these droppings as food, resulting in a permanent reduction of the droppings and resulting in a significant reduction of the allergen pressure in the areas to be cleaned. The non-pathogenic bacteria are contained in a pressurized spray can with a propellant in order to be atomized. The non-pathogenic bacteria are atomized by a pump system with an atomizer, or a pistol connected to a container housing the non-pathogenic bacteria. The non-pathogenic bacteria are used or applied on all sorts of textile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Monopropellant: The monopropellant preferably comprises nitrous oxide and at least two acetylene, ethane or ethene in an oxidizer-to-fuel ratio of 2.5-11. In the monopropellant, the additional constituents comprise less than 30% of the monopropellant. The fuels are mixed with nitrous oxide in the gas phase during the manufacturing process prior to condensing into a liquid; or in the liquid phase during the manufacturing process; or the fuels are mixed with nitrous oxide in any combination of gas and liquid phases during the manufacturing process. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon fuel is ethane, ethylene, or acetylene. The oxidizer-to-fuel ratio is 2.5-11 (preferably 3-9, especially 4-8, particularly 4.5-7.5). EXAMPLE - A nitrous oxide fuel (NOFB) blend monopropellant comprising nitrous oxide and acetylene with an oxidizer to fuel ratio of 4 was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The bacterium is: viable; functional at 50-60 degrees C, in the presence of toxic agents, preferably organic solvents e.g. ethanol; and active at a pH of 4-8. The bacterium comprises: Deinococcus genus developing at high temperature, preferably Deinococcus geothermal, D. radiodurans or D. murrayi; or Deinococcus genus developing at high concentration ethanol, preferably Deinococcus geothermal or D. murrayi. The bacterium has a genome modified by introducing a non-Deinococcus procaryotic or eukaryotic or synthetic gene or foreign DNA, or by introducing a gene or DNA of different Deinococcus, to affect its viability, growth or its functions to facilitate the modification of biomass or its derivatives. Preferred Process: The bacterium is isolated from a natural or industrial medium at high temperature or at high concentration of solvent or ethanol or sugar. The modification of biomass is carried out in aerobiosis, anaerobiosis or microaerobiosis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Condition: The pH value of strain during reduction of hexavalent chrome is 7-9. Preferred Components: The microbiological culture medium for strain comprises xylose, ribose, glucose, fruit sugar, galactose, sucrose, maltose, starch, glycerin and/or mannite, preferably xylose or sucrose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The liquid fuel comprises 35-60wt.% alcohol-based main agent, 15-45wt.% hydrocarbon component, 1-8wt.% fusel, 0-5wt.% organic acid ester, 0-5wt.% arene, 0-2.5wt.% heat increment agent, and 0-0.8wt.% odor absorber. Preferred Component: The alcohol-based main agent is one or two or combination of more than two selected from methanol, ethanol, industrial ethanol or industrial methanol. The hydrocarbon component is C5, C8, and C9 hydrocarbon components. The fusel is octanol, 2-octanol, or tertiary-butyl alcohol. The organic acid ester is butyl acetate and ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methacrylate, or methyl methacrylate. The arene is benzene, toluene, and/or xylene. The heat increment agent is ferrocene and manganese methyl cyclopentadiene tricarboxyl. Preparation: Preparing the broad spectrum and environment-friendly alcohol-based liquid fuel above comprises: (a) adding the hydrocarbon component into alcohol-ether main agent, stirring for proper time to form a solution, sealing for further use; (b) adding organic acid ester into the solution prepared in (a), stirring, sealing for further use; (c) adding arene and heat increment agent into the solution prepared in the (b), adding odor absorber after stirring for 4-5 minutes, sealing for proper time, standby; and (d) adding fusel into the solution prepared in (c), stirring for proper time, and sealing, statically placing for proper time, to prepare the broad spectrum and environment-friendly alcohol-based liquid fuel, the method is carried out in the reaction kettle at normal temperature and under normal pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: In the railway derived fuel having composite structure, the additive adopts two combinations: 4.5-9.1wt.% civil and boiler briquette adhesive and 9.1-9.5wt.% bentonite; 4.5-9.1wt.% starch solution with concentration of 10wt.% and 9.1-9.5wt.% bentonite. Preparation (claimed): Preparing the railway derived fuel having composite structure comprises: (a) sieving the railway refuses: biomass refuse is sieved by making the railway refuses pass through smashing roller with pore diameter of 30-80mm; (b) smashing the sieved biomass refuse by the step one; the pore diameter after smashed is 0.8-6mm; (c) smashing raw coal: the particle size is less than or equal to 3mm after smashed by crusher; (d) mixing the biomass refuse obtained by (b) according to the components and proportions above and the raw coal obtained by (c) and putting in stirrer to stir; and then adding the additive in stirring process; and stirring evenly; and (e) extrusion forming the evenly-stirred raw material obtained by the step four by the molding machine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The aqueous sodium chloride solution contains sodium chloride (30-50 weight%), and is maintained at a temperature of 5-100 degrees C. Preferred Conditions: The direct electrical current is 3-12 volts and 1-100 K amperes. Preferred Panel: The solar panel comprises crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride or copper-indium-gallium selenide. Preferred Process: The generated chlorine gas and hydrogen gas are compressed and stored in separate cylinders. The generated chlorine gas is reacted with sodium hydroxide that is formed in the process, to form sodium hypochlorite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The separator is fluorocarbon polymer membrane, combination of fluorocarbon polymer membrane and fiber-glass magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide membrane, or combination of fluorocarbon polymer membrane and asbestos paper. The fluorocarbon polymer is sulfonated fluoropolymer. EXAMPLE - A small diaphragm electrolytic cell with 10 mil thick asbestos paper separator equipped with titanium metal rod cathode, brine inlet, chlorine gas outlet in anode chamber and graphite cathode, hydrogen outlet, sodium hydroxide outlet and water inlet in the cathode chamber was used. A solar cell was connected to the cathode and anode of electrolytic cell. The electrolysis was carried out at a voltage of 0.1-6 volts and 0.1-10 amperes. The generated chlorine gas was piped to sodium hydroxide solution taken from the cathode chamber of electrolytic cell, to form sodium hypochlorite solution. The generated hydrogen gas was fed to a burner and used as fuel for the burner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel is ester of fatty acid or 1-5C alcohol. The thinner comprises ethanol (higher than 60 wt.%), and acetone and/or butanone (balance). The weight ratio of biodiesel and thinner is 0.1-2:1 (preferably 0.2-1.5:1). The temperature of the mixture is 10-40 degrees C higher than congealing point of the biodiesel after the thinner is mixed with the biodiesel for the first time. The temperature of the mixture is 2-15 degrees C lower than congealing point of the biodiesel after adding the thinner for the second time. Preferred Method: The lowering method further comprises cooling the mixture with a temperature gradient of 0.5-3 degrees C/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The sulfonic acid is ethyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, para-ethyl benzene sulfonic acid, diphenylamine sulfonic acid, 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid, para-toluene sulfonic acid, p-toluidine-3-sulfonic acid, methyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, naphthyridine-3-sulfonic acid, cyclohexane sulfonic acid, phenol disulfonic acid, benzene disulfonic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, 1-amino-2-phenol-4-sulfonic acid, 2-amino-8-phenol-6-sulfonic acid, ortho-amino p-sulfonic acid, dithiocarbamic acid, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, azo benzene sulfonic acid, alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, 2-iodine-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid and/or salicylic acid. The organic solvent is absolute methanol, grain alcohol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, ether, benzene, methylbenzene, acetone, methyl ethyl diketone and/or chloroform. Preferred Component: The activated oyster shell powder is oyster shell powder, trumpet shell powder and/or clamshell powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The suspending medium is a polyethylenglycol with a molar mass of 200-800 g/mole, or propylencarbonate. The auxiliary substance is sodium chloride and/or calcium chloride or is a compound of group of carboxylic acid derivative with up to 20 carbon atoms, polycarboxylic acid, polyglycol different from the suspending medium, urea compound and/or wax dispersion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Unit: The biogas compressor has explosion-proof system to prevent explosion by methane gas with in the biogas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The biogas is pulverized at 0.6 MPa in biogas compressor. The biogas passed through the siloxane-mixture eliminator has pressure of 0.5 MPa or more, and temperature of 12 degrees C or more. Preferred Process: The heat exchange media of the biogas cooling moisture eliminator is formed with water or ethylene glycol. The biogas is cooled to 10 degrees C or less. The biogas is heated at 12 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The dehydrated organic waste is introduced on an inclined surface (32a) which inclines with respect to a direction in a horizontal surface, and moisture content in the dehydrated organic waste is oozed and drained from the lower end side of the inclined surface. The low moisture content organic waste is dried or heat-dried to obtain low moisture-content organic-waste fuel having chlorine concentration of 3000 ppm or less and moisture content of 35 mass% or less. The heat source for heat-drying of low moisture content organic waste is solar heat and/or fermentation heat generated during fermentation of organic waste. The low moisture content organic waste is subjected to classification, grinding and/or pulverization, after drying or heat-drying of low moisture content organic waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The water-leaching unit is equipped with a net component, a board component by which holes are punched, a trommel, a shaking screen and/or oscillation screen. Preferred Arrangement: The net component or board component is inclined with respect to a direction in horizontal surface. A portion of bottom face of the accommodating portion which accommodates dehydrated organic waste is inclined surface, which is inclined with respect to a direction in horizontal surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The dehydrated organic waste has moisture content of 80 mass% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The gases used for the oxido-reduction reactions are heated and compressed using a synergistic combination of (i) heating of the reactor wall by solar radiation concentrated, by convergence or reflection, onto the wall surfaces and (ii) microwaves directed into the reactor interior. The cyclone reactor and heating reactors for pressurization include systems for producing gaseous plasma and mixed gas-particle plasma or plasmons. The gasification substrate (I) comprises heterogeneous particles containing carbon compound particles (Ia) and gasification promoting additive particles (Ib), optionally agglomerated or fused together. (Ib) specifically consists of reducing metal particles (Ib1) for promoting gasification by oxido-reduction reactions and producing charged elements and free radicals (under the action of electric arcs produced by induced currents in the particles); plus silica and/or silicon particles (Ib2), forming silicon oxide capable of fixing part of the carbon in silicon carbide form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reagent contains formic acid (20%), acetic acid (60%) or water. The solid carbohydrate fraction contains polysaccharides composed of glucose, polysaccharides composed of pentose (less than 10%), fibrous and non-fibrous material. Preferred Condition: The biomass is treated with reagent at 60-220 degrees C, preferably 100-180 degrees C. Preferred Process: The method further involves treating solid carbohydrate fraction with reagent containing organic acid (s), before enzymatic hydrolysis. The method further involves fermenting obtained sugar product using ethanol, recovering the organic acids and dissolved organic material, separating fibrous material and non-fibrous material. The organic acids used as cooking reagents are absorbed into the biomass before performing the method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The algae are specifically grown using mine acid drainage polluted water and utilizing abandoned mine ponds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The first plant life comprises a Sargassum weed or floating weed. The first returnable portion comprises several seeds or buds for the Sargassum weed. Preferred Method: The method further involves blending the biofuel component into a bio-diesel liquid or into a cattle fodder, or other useful raw material. The method of producing the biofuel from the surface of the ocean waters involves adding a floating weed, buds and seeds to an ocean to induce the bloom of the weed or another required plant life; applying a first nutrient to a water surface of the ocean, and thus producing an increased biomass of a first plant life; harvesting the first harvested portion of the increased biomass; and processing the first harvested portion into a biofuel component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first missing nutrient is selected from iron in the form of a chelate, a soluble phosphate, and/or a nitrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The rotifers are multiplied directly in activated sludge chambers, or multiplied outside activated sludge chambers. The filament index (FI) of filamentous bacteria decreases with time and the density of rotifers increases. Preferred Parameters: The rotifer inoculum with rotifer density of 500-3000/ml and the activated sludge are at volume ratio of 1:2-1:8 Preferred Components: The rotifers have nutriment comprising bacteria Microthrix parvicella, Nostocoida limicola and type 021N.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Microorganism: The microorganism used for denitrifying process is anammox microorganism.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second substance comprises carbonaceous fine particle or grain containing carbon toner, coke or coconut husk charcoal. The reaction water contains salt water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The first metal contains magnesium or magnesium alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy, zinc or zinc alloy, or iron or iron alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: Catalyst layer (I) is filled with a metal oxide by which nickel, iron, or alkali metal is supported. Catalyst layer (II) is filled with alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: A steam inlet (33) is provided to the produced-gas inlet tube having a branched structure in the reformer, from which the produced gas from gasifier is introduced. Several catalyst layers are connected to the inlet tube. A unit is provided for controlling supply and blocking of steam, and a unit is provided for controlling discharge and blocking of reformed gas to the downstream catalyst layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The molybdenum carbide has specific surface area of 1-7 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises purifying the acquired methyl ester with magnesium silicate. In the process, ratio of the methanol to the animal fat or plant oil is 10-15:100 by weight. Preferred Components: The oil of plant or animal origin is refined bleached deodorized oil. EXAMPLE - Refined bleached deodorized palm oil (1000 kg) was mixed with reacting agents (80 kg) containing a mixture of sodium hydroxide (10 parts, 48% diluted in water) to methanol (120 parts by weight) in first stage pre-reactors. The reaction was maintained at 65-70 degrees C for 2 hours with continuous withdrawal of crude glycerin and water. The conversion to methyl ester was found to be 90-93% complete. This product was then pumped to a compartmentalized reactor attached with a mixer paddle as a stirrer to ensure homogenous mixing and thus resulted in higher ester conversion. In the final reactors, the esters from first reaction pre-reactors were added with fresh reacting agents (50 kg, sodium hydroxide (10 parts) to methanol (120 parts) concentration) and the reaction was allowed to proceed for another 1 hour at 65 degrees C. Analysis of this product showed a 99% conversion to methyl ester. The obtained methyl ester was then purified with addition of magnesium silicate (0.5%) to give fatty acid methyl ester (43.1%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The revolving mixer is a screw type. The reactor further comprises a motor attached to the revolving mixer capable of rotating the revolving mixer; bearing and ceramic isolation for efficient rotation of the revolving mixer; coaxial heating chamber surrounding the vertical cylindrical body where an input pipe of hot gases and an output pipe of gases are provided to and from coaxial heating chamber; gasifier positioned below the reactor capable of receiving the biomass exiting the output; and at least one air blower supplying hot air to the gasification zone. The conductive particles are coke. The electricity supply is connected to the revolving mixer in one side and to the vertical cylindrical body in a second side. The gasifier comprises an internal receiving pipe capable of receiving the biomass exiting the output and gasification zone through which the biomass is downwardly passing. The gasification zone is provided with conical inserts capable of controlling the flow of biomass, and with an output allowing hot gasses to be released. Preferred Method: The method further involves providing a gasifier below the vertical reactor to allow the biomass from the reactor to enter the gasifier; heating the biomass with hot air; and discharging the processed biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cascade cooling system contains high temperature level propane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the mixture of ethane and ethene is 10:1-1:1000, preferably 9:1-1:1. (I) is applicable up to -85 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Typical cooling mixture composition comprised of (in wt.%): ethane (85); and ethene (15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The trays provided in the rectification section are structured packing trays and jet co-flow packing trays. The jet co-flow packing trays are positioned below the structured packing trays. The trays provided in the stripping section are guide valve trays and vertical sieve trays. The vertical sieve trays are positioned below the guide valve trays. The number of jet co-flow trays and structured packing trays is in ratio of 3:2-2:3 or 4:1-1:4. The number of guide valve trays and vertical sieve trays is in ratio of 3:2-2:3 or 4:1-1:4. The structured packing tray provided in rectification section is ripple ceramic packing tray, metal large-wave board, metal mesh packing tray or ceramic structured packing tray. The (meth)acrylic acid gas mixture is absorbed by water, and a solution mixture containing impure (meth)acrylic acid is obtained. The mixture of impure (meth)acrylic acid comprises (in weight%) methacrylate (40-60), water (35-55) and acetic acid (2-3). The height of weir of each jet co-flow trays and vertical sieve trays is 5-20 mm. The operation temperature at the bottom of distillation column is 50-90 degrees C, preferably 70-85 degrees C. The pressure drop of distillation column is 2-10 kPa, preferably 3-8 kPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred System: The system further comprises a second nucleotide sequence encoding an antitoxin protein cognate to the mRNA interferase, where the cognate antitoxin protein is operably linked to a second heterologous regulatory element, and the second heterologous regulatory element is different from the first heterologous regulatory element. The first heterologous regulatory element is a weak constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter. The inducible promoter is responsive to isopropyl beta -D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The second heterologous regulatory element is a weak constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter. The mRNA interferase is chosen from Escherichia coli MazF, E.coli ChpBK, E.coli PemK and Bacillus subtilis YdcE. The cognate antitoxin protein is chosen from E.coli MazE, E.coli ChpBI, E.coli PemI, and B.subtilis YdcD. Preferred Method: The method (1-4) further involves (e) cloning a nucleotide sequence encoding a second nucleotide sequence encoding an antitoxin protein cognate to the mRNA interferase, (f) operably linking the second nucleotide sequence encoding the cognate antitoxin to a second heterologous regulatory element, and (g) expressing the second nucleotide sequence encoding the cognate antitoxin operably linked to the second heterologous regulatory element in the host cell, where the second heterologous regulatory element is different from the first heterologous regulatory element. The method (1) further involves modifying an endogenous or heterologous gene of interest to substitute one or more mRNA nucleotide recognition sequence with a nucleotide sequence that is not cleavable by the mRNA interferase being expressed, where the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene of interest is not altered, and co-expressing the gene of interest in the host cell. The mRNA interferase is MazF and the mRNA recognition nucleotide sequence is aca.