NOVELTY - A solar energy utilizing apparatus, where a surface of a transparent substrate on a light incident side is covered with water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant transparent particles that have been fixed by sintering to the surface of the transparent substrate.    USE - As a solar energy utilizing apparatus e.g. solar battery, solar water heater and greenhouse.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent particle is fixed by sintering to the surface of the transparent substrate via the transparent metal oxide film, thus improves the wear resistance. The metal oxide film is silica-based glass film, has the same refractive index or coefficient of thermal expansion as that of the transparent substrate, thus improves optical property, heat resistance. The surface of the silica-based glass film is coated with the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating, thus improves the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant properties. The water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating is covalently bonded to the surfaces of the transparent particle and silica-based glass film, thus improves the durability. The transparent particle is translucent silica, alumina, or zirconia, thus improves the wear resistance without impairing translucency. The contact angle to water is not less than 130 degrees , thus allowing for improving the water releasing property and preventing rain droplets from remaining on the surface, resulting in constantly ensuring the translucency. The solar energy utilizing apparatus improves in power generation efficiency of the solar battery or improves in heat collection efficiency of the solar water heater of the greenhouse, along with prevention of deterioration over time due to soil, by reducing surface reflection of incident light and improves wear resistance, the high water releasing property, or soil resistance, and to provide the solar battery which can maintain the power generation efficiency over the long periods or the solar water heater which can maintain the heat collection efficiency over the long periods.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing a solar energy utilizing apparatus involving a preparing transparent particles, where the particle surface is covered with a water-repellent or oil-repellent coating; preparing a dispersion, where the transparent particles are dispersed in a solution containing metal alkoxide; applying and drying the dispersion on a surface of a transparent substrate; heat-treating the transparent substrate having the dispersion applied in an atmosphere containing oxygen; and forming a water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating on the surface of the transparent substrate that has been heat-treated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant monomolecular film formed on the surface.