TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The primary and secondary film compound is covalent-bonded through silicon on the surface of the light-incidence side transparent base material, and the surface of transparent microparticles. The surface of the portion exposed to the atmosphere side of the water-repellent transparent microparticles is further covered with water-repellent film formed using tertiary film compound having water-repellent property. Preferred Film: The film formed using the primary and secondary film compound, and water-repellent film is water-repellent monolayer (13). Preferred Particles: The transparent microparticles are chosen from translucent silica, alumina and zirconia. Preferred Property: The transparent microparticles have average particle diameter of 10-3000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Property: The contact angle of the solar-energy utilization apparatus with respect to the water is 150-180 degrees .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The coupling formed by coupling reaction is N-CH2CH(OH) coupling formed by reaction of amino group or imino group, and epoxy group. The coupling formed by coupling reaction is NH-CONH coupling formed by reaction of amino group or imino group, and isocyanate group. An unreacted substance formed during manufacture of the apparatus is wash-removed. Preferred Compounds: The primary, secondary and tertiary film compound is alkyloxy silane compound, halosilane compound, and compound chosen from carboxylic acid metallic salt, carboxylate-ester metal salt, carboxylic acid metallic slat polymer, carboxylic acid metallic salt chelate, titanic acid ester and titanic acid ester chelate, or compound chosen from ketimine compound, organic acid, aldimine compound, enamine compound, oxazolidine compound and aminoalkyl alkoxysilane compound. Preferred Groups: The water-repellent functional group contains trifluoromethane group. The alkoxysilane compound of tertiary film compound contains fluorocarbon group.