TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The exoelectrogenic microorganisms are disposed in an anode chamber of the electromethanogenic reactor. The methanogenic microorganisms are disposed in a cathode chamber of the electromethanogenic reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the process, a power source is in electrical communication with the reactor to enhance a potential between the anode and the cathode. The power source is wind-generated power, solar power, a microbial fuel cell, a direct current power source and/or an electrochemical cell. The electromethanogenic reactor comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. The anode comprises exoelectrogenic microorganisms. The electromethanogenic reactor further comprises a power source in electrical communication with the reactor to add a voltage to the cathode. The cathode has a cathode wall generally enclosing and defining an interior space, where the cathode wall has an internal surface adjacent the interior space and an opposed external surface, and the cathode wall extends between a first end and a second end, where the methanogenic microorganisms are disposed in the interior space.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises increasing methane gas production rate by adding an additional voltage to the cathode. In the process: no organic carbon source is added to the cathode chamber; no hydrogen is added to the cathode chamber; substantially no organic carbon source is available to the methanogenic microorganisms; and step of providing electron comprises applying a voltage to the cathode or providing an electrically conductive conduit between the anode and cathode for electrons generated by exoelectrogenic microorganisms. Preferred Components: The electrons provided to the methanogenic microorganisms comprise electrons transferred to the anode by the exoelectrogenic bacteria. The metal catalysts are substantially excluded from the cathode. EXAMPLE - A methanogenic biocathode was developed in a single chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) lacking precious metal catalysts on the electrodes. A single-chamber MEC (400 ml) was containing a single graphite fiber brush anode (5 cm in diameter and 7 cm long) and several carbon cloth cathode (14 cm2 each) each coated only with a carbon layer on one side (2.5 mg/cm2) were used without any metal catalyst. The chamber was sparged with ultra high purity nitrogen gas (99.99%) for 30 minutes before applying a constant voltage of 0.7 volts to the cathode using a multichannel potentiostat, with the counter and reference poles connected to the anode and reference electrode, respectively. The single-chamber MEC was inoculated with the solution from an anode chamber of an existing two-chamber MEC reactor containing a platinum-catalyzed cathode. This reactor was then operated for one month (two cycles in fed-batch mode) with acetate (1 g/l) in a buffered nutrient medium (100 mM phosphate buffer solution, pH 7) containing sodium phosphate monobasic (9.94 g), sodium phosphate dibasic (5.5 g), ammonium chloride (310 mg), potassium chloride (130 mg), a mineral solution (12.5 ml) and vitamin solution (5 ml) was operated for one month to produce methane gas at a consistent rate.