TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - When the harmful substances comprise water H2O, then getter material comprises at least one of oxides of alkaline-earth metals (preferably calcium oxide), boron oxides and zeolites. When the harmful substances comprise carbon dioxide (CO2), then the getter material comprises at least one of carbon molecular sieves (CMS), hydroxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals or lithium salts of formula (LiXOy) (where X is zirconium, iron, nickel, titanium or silicon, and y is 2-4, MOF suitably modified using addition of basic functional groups, such as aminic groups. When the harmful substances comprise carbon monoxide, then getter material comprises at least one cobalt oxide, copper oxide, and potassium permanganate. The getter material used together with oxidation catalysts is chosen from platinum, palladium and rhodium. The getter material is used together with a getter material for the removal of CO2. When the harmful substances comprise saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, then the getter material comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, active carbons having a large surface area and oxidizing compounds. The oxidizing compound comprises potassium permanganate (KmnO4). When the harmful substances comprise oxygen (O2), then the getter material comprises at least of ternary alloys among zirconium, vanadium and iron, ternary alloys among zirconium, cobalt and rare earths, and reduced or partially reduced metals or metal oxides. The reduced or partially reduced metal oxides are nickel oxide, copper oxide and/or iron oxide. The harmful substances comprise hydrofluoric acid (HF), then the getter material comprises oxides. The oxides comprise oxides of alkaline or alkaline-earth metals. The alkaline-earth metal oxide is magnesium oxide. When the harmful substances comprise hydrogen in the gaseous phase, then the getter material comprises non-evaporable getter alloys. When the harmful substances comprise hydrogen in the gaseous phase, then the getter material comprises unsaturated organic compounds. When the harmful substances comprise hydrogen in the gaseous phase, then getter material comprises at least one of palladium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium-vanadium-iron ternary alloys and zirconium-cobalt-rare earths ternary alloys. The thickness of protective polymeric layer is 1-50 (preferably 2-20) mu m. The inner layer of polymeric material containing a getter material has a thickness of 5-200 (preferably 10-100) mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metals are nickel, copper, iron and/or tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer and inner layer of a polymeric material containing particles of getter materials are made of a material chosen between polyolefins (preferably polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene and thermoplastic olefins (TPE)), and fluorinated polymers (preferably polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)). The inner layer of a polymeric material containing particles of getter materials is made of ethyl-vinyl-acetate or polyesters (preferably polycarbonate).